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NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 NEWS/CHECK ON SOUTHAFRICA AND AFRICA Vol 3 No 18 12 MARCH 1965 10th Floor Unitas Buildin;; 42 Marshall Street lohannesburg Southafrica PO Box 25252 Phone: 838-1541 EDITOR Otto Krause ASSISTANT EDITOR Robert Hodgins STAFFWRITERS Wll-SON .*T LONDON .iNTI-SOUTU.VFRICA RALLY Robin Briggs lean du Plessis Cash is not alt the problem Barbara Fink Peter Le Roy IRROR, mirror, on the wall. The great international Unilever Garth Tomkinson company reportedly spends R200m a year on advertising its soap EDITORIAL RESEARCHER M products; Southafrica scarcely spends R4m in all to put over its sales Isme Bcnnie pitch to the world. But money is only a small part of the vexing problem CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Gorry Bagnall of Southafrica's image abroad, nor would money alone fix it. For other Roy Barnard facets of this matter which disturbs so many Southafricans, read the Esme Berman Fred Cleary COVERSTORY. Tony Mannc Madeleine van Biljon Tony Williams-Short Making our cross. With this month's Provincial Elections in view, PRODUCTION NEVk'S/cHECK decided that a satire was appropriate to so tired a bundle of Elise Chilvers Isobel Gowie issues. The satire began to take the form of a board game, and if this ADVERTISING MANAGER was to be, it was decided that the game should be playable. The game tlclen Hardy NEWS/CHECK devised has turned out exceedingly playable, especially after NATAL ADVERTISING its rules were honed and polished by ICT computer systems analyst Trevor REPRESENTATIVE Frank Belling Winer, NEWS/CHHCK'S contribution to this year's ballot battle is entitled

CAPETOWN ADVERTISING VOTE, and most of what is needed to play the game appears in the middle REPRESENTATIVE of this issue. Charles Cameron-Strange (Box 4511 — Phone 41-1508) The colour of their orders. When politics and economics tangle in Published by Checkpress (Pty) Ltd at 42 Marshall Street Southafrica, the battle is a close one. It is a battle which is being fought lohannesburg with ever-increasing frequency as manpower shortages and the ravages of Printed by Radford Adiington Ltd Caithness Street Ophirton inflation make themselves felt, Southafrica's mines, perhaps most acutely lohannesburg aware of the effects of manpower shortcomings, have tried a different method Distributed by Central News of labour organisation — and clashed with those who stand for the colour Agency Ltd corner Commis­ sioner and Rissik Streets bar at all costs. For an analysis of the position now, turn to MINING & lohannesburg FINANCE. Registered at the GPO as a newspaper The tough haul. The story is told of the first-year student whose parents YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION RATES Southafrjca, South West Africa, brought him all the way from SWA to Pretoria University, waited outside Rhodesia. Malawi, Zambia and in the car while he went to deposit his luggage in the residence, waited all Protectorates: R5.20 (surface mall), R7.50 (airmail). day, and had to drive off without seeing him again — he was being initiated. Britain: £3.4.0 (surface mail), £5.2.6 (airfreight) and £8.9.0 The rituals at Southafrican universities which over the last few weeks have (airmail), been turning green freshers into University Men are discussed in LIVING. European Countries: £3.4.0 (surface mail), £5.2.6 (airfreight) and £9.12.0 (airmail). Man alone. Literary trends usually change slowly and quite perceptibly United States and Canada: $9 (surface mail), $29.50 (airfreight) from one generation to the next. Occasionally, however, a maverick leaps and $40 (airmail). the stockade fence and strikes out across country quite alone, bringing new Australia and New Zealand: £A4.10.0 (surface mail), £A11.9.3 insights - but also causing a dust-up. For the hows and more particularly (airfreight) and £A17.19.0 (airmail). the whys of Adam Small's private breakout, see FOCUS.

COVERSTORY: The Republic's Image Abroad — P. 32 . Africa 17 Focus on Newspeople 10 Contents5 Art 43 Adam Small 13 Press 41 Bookis 55 Letters 56 Religion 52 Business 23 Living Southafrica 7 Guide 49 Sport 47 Jgducation 51 Medicine 36 World/Check 11 Entertainment 45 Mining & Finance 26 VOTE 28

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NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 NEWS/CHECK ON SOUTHAFRICA AND AFRICA SOUTHAFRICA HARBOURS The quays of fhe kingdom At first sight, the length of South- africa's 1,836-mile-long coastline gives the country almost unlimited access to BUILDING TANKER BASIN, CAPETOWN the sea, and, via the sea, to foreign You load 375,000 tons . . . and where do you get? countries and continents. Yet para­ doxically, because of its evenness and each solution raises its own problems reduce railage rates on these Eastern the lack of shelter for vessels, the in turn, and which combination will Province lines to the level of the coast acts as an almost impenetrable give the quickest and best results is the Durban/Johannesburg line. And it barrier. Natural ports, such as Durban, subject of speculation only. would certainly have a more immediate are the narrowest of gaps in the con­ Still berth. First objection is the cost. effect. For the Richards Bay plan, if fining surf, and attract most of the Transport Minister Ben Schoeman it ever comes to fruition, is still a long goods streaming in and out of the recently announced that Richards Bay, way off. As Karl Challoner (80), doyen Republic. Others, like Capetown, have on the Natal North Coast, was being of the forty-strong Richards Bay com­ been built up from the bare beach at investigated as a possible site for a munity, commented when asked about vast expense. With the enormous in­ harbour. It would have many advan­ his reaction to having a big bustling crease in trade to and from Southafrica tages, and could serve Natal's coal and harbour on his hitherto-quiet doorstep: in recent years, the available ports iron industries, as well as the agricul­ "I'm not doing anything until we are required to handle greater and tural areas of both northern Natal and know what's happening. In any case, greater quantities of traffic. The num­ the eastern Transvaal efficiently. It I don't suppose it will be in my time." ber of goods trucks pouring into would cost, however, between RlOOm Durban, for instance, has risen by over and R120m. The finance bogey could ORGANISATIONS 10% in only two years. But while the be slain easily enough, but other public flow rushing through them has in­ projects (example: the Orange River OK-ing the Bond scheme) would be slowed down. Worse creased, the coastal gaps have not got would be the effect of a big injection Handing out haloes last week was wider; nor have they increased in of cash into a country already troubled Appellate Division Justice David number. Now they threaten to clog up by inflation. And since no special Botha, whose one-man probe into altogether. At the beginning of this appropriation was made for the secret organisations came up with an month, for the first time this year, scheme during the Transport Minister's all-round "not-guilty" verdict. The there were no ships awaiting berths at budget vote last week, it seems to inquiry had been commissioned by Durban. The end of the American dock have been quietly shelved. PM Hendrik Verwoerd last year after strike released many vessels from Cost again comes into the improve­ attacks on the Broederbond, and in­ bondage in US East Coast ports, how­ ment of existing harbour facilities. But cluded an investigation into the Free­ ever, and in the next nine days 62 the picture is brighter. Over the next masons and the Sons of England as vessels piled into the port. Congestion ten years the Harbours Administration well — on the principle of killing was worse than ever. plans to build R60m worth of additions three flies with one probe. Botha's Standing room only. Reasons are ap­ to Table Bay harbour (including a new bill of health cleared the Bond of parent. The six-sq-mile harbour is tanker basin and a separate fishing charges of nepotism, and of being a trying to handle 375,000 tons a week, harbour at Rietvlei), to Durban and power group within the National Party a total far in excess of its capacity. Not Luderitz. Some are already under and the government: "There is no surprisingly, there are an estimated way. Pressure demands that action be indication of an attempt to dominate 40,000 tons awaiting handling in the taken now, though. Perhaps the best the Prime Minister, the Cabinet or hundreds of trucks at the Bayhead immediate action that could be taken other persons in authority." As for the marshalling yards, at Churchill Road would be a diversion of traffic from baantjies vir boeties allegation, Botha and in the docks. the over-used Durban and Capetown found that no Bond member "has any claim to benefit on the grounds of his Capetown's position is even worse. harbours to under-used ones. Because of an extra 3c per 100 lbs on railage membership." The Broederbond's Where Southafrica's total tonnage incongruous partners in innocence were handled at the ports increased by 9% from Port Elizabeth and East London to the Reef, agents will not ship cargo also cleared of charges of political and last year. Capetown's share has risen other manipulation. 18%. Ships have to anchor in Table through them. These ports' shares of shipping have thus dropped 4% and We're not having any. Predictably, the Bay for days while awaiting berths. Opposition was not enthusiastic about Solutions to the problem are at first 57'/', respectively over the past year. The cost of penny-pinching. Rather the "not proven" verdict. Earlier it blink obvious: better loading facilities had attacked the proviso that the are required at the existing ports, more than the capital cost of new harbours, it might pay Southafrica better to use investigation should be secret, and had ports must be built, and, not least, the some of the SAR's R14m surplus to boycotted the proceedings. "The railways must get goods into and out United Party questions whether Justice of the port areas more promptly. But NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 Botha had the benefit of all the every day. getting married in this age group — evidence he should have had" said the Free-spending fair sex. Young women only 18% of those surveyed went in UP's Marais Steyn querulously. Even are the darlings of commerce, spend for this non-commercial occupation. more sceptical was the Opposition far more widely than men — and with Meantime, what happens to all the Press. BROEDLRBOND IS STILL EVIL, an average pay-packet of only R55 a money that the men don't spend on frontpaged the Rand Daily Mail and month seem wizards at handling a cosmetics and clothes? It goes into to cap matters the Sunday Times dug budget too. Out of this they squeeze: 280,000 building society, post office into its hoard of appropriated * Cosmetics. Deodorants are used by and banking accounts, so the men can Broederbond records for another in­ 205,000 or 98% of the group, while get married to the girls who have stalment of "dramatic documents" 93 in every 100 enlist the aid of lipstick been spending all that money so they about the secret organisation, this time to help them in the battle of the sexes. could be supported later by the men. showing that there could be a Broeder­ * Clothing. Stockings go into the shop­ bond fiddle with State Bursary ping bags of 71% at least once a Loans. month; 50%, buy both stockings and PARLIAMENT In sum, the inquiry produced no footwear. Bludgeoning Botha change in public attitudes towards the The males lag far behind. Despite Southafrica has long got into the habit Bond. For Botha or for worse, the generous subsidies by way of toiletry of pushing people around by legisla­ Broederbond seems immovable in its presents from their cosmetics-conscious tion, and even though actual moves position as Southafrica's Number One womenfolk, a reluctant 55 ",', splurge seldom materialise - more as a result Bogeyman. on after-shave lotion, while only 47",', of inefficiency than anything else — the great statutory powers handed to ministers are coming to rub feelings rather raw. In Parliament last week. Community Development Minister P. W. Botha introduced such an amend­ ment to the Group Areas Act and withstood one of the severest Opposi­ tion attacks of the session. According to the Bill, Botha is empowered to launch urban renewal schemes in any Southafrican city or town. Leading the attack, a trembling-voiced Mike Mitchell told Botha: "You cannot govern this country with a bludgeon." Chorused the rest of the UP: "Uncon­ stitutional!" Botha was accused of disregarding the whole system of local government, and of being unfair in his method of compensation for appropri­ ated property. Added the PP's single- minded Helen Suzman: "It is just a SOUTHAKRICAN YOUNGSTERS race move." / was (I teenager consumer But Botha was unmoved, and after YOUTH think it necessary to slick their hair three hours of heated debate the read­ back. Clotheswise, men think of their ing went through without his defining So young, so bad feet first, and 40 X, buy footwear each or deleting "urban renewal schemes" Turning the spotlight on Southafrican month, which is the most-purchased or altering the compensation method. whites between the ages of 16 and 24, article of apparel. Only once did his unruffled exterior Market Research Africa (commis­ Not so bad, maybe? Following the show signs of doubt. When the UP's sioned by Davenport & Meyer (Pty) drinking habits of their elders, the Henry Tucker jomed the attack, Botha Ltd) may not have discovered anything group studied went far more for tea was heard to mumble: "Holy Henry." anyone didn't at least suspect before. and coffee than for cold drinks. Even Whistle — stop. Last week also saw Now, however, there are cold hard the minor vices are not indulged in the Railways steaming down the aisle facts to back up the suspicions. Oldsters to any great extent. Doctors will be of the House. Delivering his Railway will doubtless turn grey at the thought encouraged to learn that a mere 34%, Budget, Transport Minister Ben of 84,000 young Southafricans tuning of young adults are smokers. Perhaps Schoeman beamed: "The past financial in every night to the Lourenco Marques to compensate, 45% eat ice cream and year has been one of the best in the all-night show. Week by week, the 51";', eat chocolate. Where does all the history of the Southafrican Railways," station claims the allegiance of other money go? The serious, temper­ going on to announce a R14m surplus 346,000 of them — an 80% coverage ate young man or woman is likely, in on all services. Schoeman plans a — to leave tame rival Springbok Radio 44",', of cases, to own a camera. He R145m expenditure in 1965/66 (60% 45,000 listeners behind. Not surprising, or she stands only an 18% chance of more than this year's original estimate) then, that the favourite pastime of owning a car, but a time-aware 82% and expansion schemes including new youth is radio listening, at 97% beating can tell you how late they are for a lines, new crossing facilites, improved cinema, reading and dancing for the date from their own wristwatches. gradients and curves and extended favourite hobby spot. But the news To be in the sun in a bikini is to be electrification (more than half of has considerable meaning for the ad­ in vogue. Swimming easily outstripped Southafrica's train-miles will soon be vertisers bidding for chunks of the tennis and dowdy old rugby as the electrically powered). Rim per day which Southafrica's nation's No 1 young sport. But un­ But blighting the outlook for growth 499,000 young white people spend accountable is the low popularity of was the same shadow that looms over

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 19«S every other facet of the Southafrican week, 140,789 of them. Bushmen from dropped the sealed envelope in a ballot economy: the labour shortage. Schoe- the Kalahari wastes, cattle herders box. When the boxes were opened and man admitted that staff shortages in from the scrublands, and people from the counters counted, 113,177 of them the "less popular grades" — shunters, outlying villages, drawn by the air­ were red. This gave the Bechuanaland stewards, guards, artisans — were dropped pamphlets of "Operation Democratic Party 28 of the 31 seats becoming embarrassing (of the author­ Snowdrop" which urged them to vote. up for grabs — a sweeping victory, ised white establishment, 7,500 out of Through the heat and dust they which assured Seretse Khama, the 101,200 posts are vacant) and that but trudged to join the long queues BDP chief, of the premiership of for increased productivity, mechanisa­ waiting patiently to vote in Bechuana- Bechuanaland's new Legislative tion and staff training, the position land's first general election. A baby Assembly. would be even more serious. For the rest, MPs heard: • The UP's Dr Aubrey Radford telling them about a home for punch-drunk boxers in the US. Interjected an anonymous Nat: "You should send your leader there." •Ar Labour Minister Alf TroUip inform­ ing them with a straight face that he was "not aware of any disruption caused by job reservation." •*• Tailor-made Piet van der Byl com­ menting on the Air Pollution Bill: "Few, if any, dogs are addicted to cigarette smoking." •k Douglas Mitchell cautioning ex- Mi nister Paul Sauer after he had got through a private motion in fifteen minutes flat: "Look out Paul, one of these days you'll be back in the Cabinet." * Marais Steyn — accused of vote- BECHUAXALAND'S NEW FIRST FAMILY catching in the Railways debate — A walk-over to the White House telling veteran heckler Gerhard ("Baa- slipped from its mother's back and was How low, your highness! This was too Baa") Becker: "You can't distinguish crushed to death in the press. But it much for the discomforted opposition between a sheep and a vote." was the only incident, and polling went (Phillip Matante's Bechuanaland on without trouble. .Voters selected People's Party) and it promptly pro­ BECHUANALAND the symbols of their favoured parties tested to Queen's Commissioner Sir from the four — red, green, white and Peter Fawcus by telegram: "We reject The Mddleywinks election yellow — available, placed the round formation of new government. Con­ To the polling booths they came last cardboard disc in an envelope and sider elections grossly foul." But others POINTERS Clamp up to clamp down Hertzog, adding that 630 radio Finance Minister Eben Donges, dis­ stations throughout the world had missing criticism of his no-security Latest move in the anti-inflation already applied for transcriptions. loan to Rhodesia. "It would be an campaign: the upping of the bank The initial cost of Hertzog's new insult to the Government of Rho­ rate from 4.5'?i', to 5%, announced service: R 140,000. desia to demand a security," he by Moneyboss Donges last week. added magnanimously. With overdraft rates 2"', above the Springing a surprise bank rate, this signals a credit A fortnight ago, PM Hendrik A splattering of Zulustans squeeze and means that hire-pur­ Verwoerd told Parliament that 43 "Pakistan consists of two areas. chase will become more expensive chiefs and headmen of the Ovambo Why should Zululand not consist of to the consumer. It also reduces (who make up 45% of South West three or five or even seven?" asked the necessity of price control and Africa's population) had asked him Bantu Education Minister Willie wage pegging for the present. to set up a Bantustan in their terri­ Maree in a speech at Utrecht, moti­ tory. Curiously, the announcement vating the Government's inability That's telling them came four months after the petition to consolidate the African areas in Posts and Telegraphs Minister had been signed, but with the World Natal. The answer is obvious: Albert Hertzog last week heralded Court hearing on SWA resuming Zululand consolidation could be a the coming of four new radio trans­ shortly, it will enable Southafrica test case for the whole Bantustan mitters for external broadcasts to lo show the world that there is policy, and highlight the geographi­ Africa, Europe and America in significant non-white support for its cal difficulties of its implementa­ eight languages (English, Afrikaans. policies in South West. tion. And if Zululand cannot be Portuguese, French, Swahili, Dutch, consolidated, why talk Banfustans Spanish and German). This did not Secure goodwill at all? The Government should mean a propaganda service, stressed "Purely a gesture of goodwill," said have the courage of its convictions.

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 consider the BPP lucky to have won the three seats it did. For the party's shattering was merely the result of lack NEWSPEOPLE of public support and the misuse of funds and organisation. (On pre-elec­ Hooking Fischer Party meeting in Transvaal's North tion night, when every hand was When silver-haired, listed Communist East Rand constituency last week, and wanted at the wheel, a BDP car was Abram Fischer (56) jumped R 10,000 the opposition Press climbed in glee­ detailed to fetch a party "princess" — bail last January some things happened fully. But of course. Bill was still "very someone's girl-friend — from the automatically. Estreated was the fond of England and the English station.) The other two competing R 10,000 and out went urgent orders people". Fact is he rather fancies "the parties were even less fortunate and for the police to snap Fischer up swiftly Lion of England" to replace the British gained no seats. and surely. Empty too went Fischer's flag. Or was it that the Union first had Where to now? After ths Cabinet advocate's rooms at 621 Innes Cham­ to go, and now it was the turn of the posts had been passed out, with a few bers, Johannesburg. Less obvious was Jack? minor surprises, (Khama's right-hand what the Johannesburg Bar Council in­ Foreign Legum man Quett Masire got the Deputy tended. Would they or would they not PM's post, as expected, but the BDP's strike Fischer's name off the roll of Long a member of the expatriate only white candidate Ben Steinberg advocates? But QC or not, plainly brigade who wage bitter war on South­ was passed over for the Agriculture Fischer had to go. Of his jumping african policies, former Johannesburg portfolio; however, another white, bail commented one advocate: "Can City Councillor Colin Legum has now David Morgan, was appointed Minister you imagine what would happen to a been appointed to British PM Harold of Works and Communications), doctor who performed an abortion in Wilson's board of backroom UN ex­ Khama clarified his position. As he public, say in Eloff Street?" But perts. His main political qualification said before the election, Bechuanaland Fischer thought differently, wrote to for the job seems to be his staunch would continue to trade with South- advocacy of economic sanctions against africa and live amicably with it, even the Republic. And to round things off, welcoming Southafrican investment. he has declared: "The Southafrican Southafrica responded gratefully. PM crisis is the most urgent the UN will Hcndrik Verwoerd sent Khama his ever have to face". congratulations, and it was disclosed that a ban on Khama's entry into Quietly . . . the Republic had been lifted last When Britain's Labour Government October. The Southafrican English talked of cancelling the Capex naval press welcomed Khama's win as a exercises off Southafrica's West Coast triumph for moderation and saw, as it there was quite a hullabaloo. But last has seen so many times before, the week Britain's John Gray, new Com­ chance of an African territory making mander in Chief of the South Atlantic a success of a true multiracial experi­ Maritime Region arrived in Cape­ ment. Even Johannesburg's Vaderland town and was encouraging. Like his had nice things to say to Khama — predecessor Sir Fitzroy Talbot, Gray which the man who sixteen years ago felt that Capex had nothing to do with was regarded as a threat to white politics. "Capex is just a name". Gray Southafrica because he had married reassured. "Many exercises have had a white woman must have found to be cancelled. Southafrica and Britain strange. will continue with normal weapons exercises". No repose. The BDP's near-clean sweep was broueht about by the BAIL-JUMPER FISCHER Hard to be a kangaroo There'll be no moaning at the Bar support of the chiefs who could appeal In a fix? Get a lawyer. But Joel Joffe to their tribesmen on Khama's behalf, friends last week to do all they could is in a fix and he is a lawyer. For vastly superior organisation and to prevent his removal from the roll. someone who has repeatedly tried to Khama's own personal following. It They had only a slim chance of suc­ emigrate to Australia, Joffe has slipped has also come as comfort to those who cess, for whatever else it was, Fischer's on more than a slick of ill luck. All set wish to see Bechuanaland continuing action was a sad breach of faith. Be­ to leave months ago, Joffe put himself to live peacefully with its powerful sides, with a Bill banning all listed out to help handle the Rivonia trial. neighbours. But the country is still Communists from practising at the Bar Later, the defence of last year's batch abysmally poor (its main wealth being soon due from Justice Minister John of 90-day arrestees, up for trial under Mm inferior cattle) and it needs all Vorster, the whole question of disbar­ the Suppression of Communism Act, the support it can lay hands on if the ring Fischer may become irrelevant. delayed him once more. Finally set to position is to improve. Self-govern­ sail out, a close family relation fell ill ment itself must erode the chiefs' Out damned spot enough to scotch Joffe's trip. But by authority, and if prosperitv does not Father is a "detribalised Englishman last week JofFe had at least managed to automatically follow sovernment bv who escaped from the kraal." Father ship his furniture Down Under. How­ Africans, the firebrands mav see an is Minister of Immigration Alf Trollip, ever, now the Government refused to onportunity to regain the influence and son Bill Trollip, had his dander grant him a Southafrican passport. thev have lost. Seretse Khama will up. Mainly, Bill Trollip wanted to "rip Armed with one-way travel documents, have to continue politicking as hard the miserable Union Jack out of the Joffe ran into Australian opposition. as before to retain his ponularitv — Southafrican flag." It was, he said iii- The passport refusal, commented Joffe, nrirl a^' before- most of it will still have flammatorily, inflammatory. With that has "perhaps deprived me of my to hf done with one eye on the country ripping kind of talk, Trollip roused chance to make a home for my family 3 cross the border. English-speaking voters at a National in another country."

10 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 WORLD/CHECK llllllllllllllll!IUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII»lllllll!llllllllllllllllllllllll|l||IIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIII COMMUNISTS The Chinese checkers VIETNAM vocation — save the general attitude of There is an old Russian saying that North Vietnam. To emphasize the runs: "Moscow is the third Rome, a The fire next time point, the US this week went further, fourth there shall not be."* Of course, and flew in 3,500 Marines to a that was in the days before the Sino- High in the afternoon sky last week, Soviet split. But understandably the US and South Vietnamese raiders flew base 375 miles north of Saigon. These were the first American Kremlin favours the saying, and is all by. In flight was a force of over 100 for reviving it. For the plain truth is B-57 bombers and F-lOO and F-105 troops to be directly committed to the fighting — the pretence of US forces that Peking hopes to develop into a fighters, the biggest to raid North Viet­ fourth Rome. nam yet. Here and there flak peppered merely being "advisers" was finally away, "not very accurately" the pilots thrown off. Ideologically, the Sino-Soviet split reported. Otherwise all the way to the Another round. Meanwhile, officially turns on points basically simple Quang Ke naval base and Xom Bang Russia merely spluttered on. The US's enough. While Red China prefers war supply depot deep down in North Viet­ attacks on North Vietnam, said Mos­ and violent revolution as the instru­ nam the skies were empty of opposi­ cow, would not "remain unpunished". ments towards a Communist world, tion. Finally, it was time to sweep in Russia, added Moscow, would give Russia backs peaceful co-existence and and destroy. So down the flight swept, North Vietnam fresh military help. Pre­ quieter evolution. In practice the dis­ to rain more than 70 tons of bombs dictably, other noisy blasts came from pute runs deeper than that, into on Quang Ke and more than 120 tons Hanoi and Peking. But at least one traditional Sino-Soviet hostility and on Xom Bang. And as the last raider Western nation was alarmed at the new mistrust. Increasingly, the conflict is returned to base before dusk, the di­ escalation of the Vietnam war. Fore­ also evolving into a conflict between rector of operations. Colonel Hal Price, seeing grave consequences, France two giant nationalisms and the have was gratified. The mission, he reported, again called for an international confe­ and have-not nations of the world. had been "without doubt very success­ rence to neutralise the whole of South Grinding game. All efforts have so far ful." The targets had been "really well beat up", had been 70% to 80% knocked out at a cost of, at most, six aircraft lost. In the confusion of South Vietnam's war it might have been just another raid. But that was not so. For the first time, not stung by any immediate pro­ vocation and purely of its own initia­ tive, the US had bombed North Viet­ nam. Without doubt, the war had spiralled up dangerously. Nor did it seem likely to go down again yet. A wider battle. The raid was tanta­ mount to nothing less than a challenge not only to the North Vietnamese but to the whole Communist bloc. And its significance reached beyond that of the reprisal raids sparked off by last year's incidents in the Gulf of Tonkin and ANTI-US FEELING: VIETCONG DESTROYS AN AMERICAN ARMY BILLET more recently at Pleiku. Finally, the Plucking the flower safety? US has begun to demand a toll of East Asia and sharply criticised the US failed to end the Sino-Soviet rift, which North Vietnam for aiding and direct­ action. Nor was there any lack of oppo­ every day seems to take on fresh per­ ing the Viet Cong. Though US sition in the US itself. If President manency. Manoeuvring about, Moscow officials denied it in public, they Johnson continued his policy of "pu­ decided to pick up the pieces and to admitted as much in private. rely offensive" bombing raids against try to rebuild a semblance of unity A joint South Vietnam-US communi­ North Vietnam, said Democratic through which it could re-assert its que did nothing to dispel that conclu­ Senator Wayne Morse, he would dominance. Thus, reasoned the sion. Read the statement: "The govern­ "leave the White House as the most Russians, if Red China refused to fall ments of the Republic of Vietnam and discredited President in American into line it could be expelled from the the United States wish to avoid history." international Communist movement widening the conflict, but they are com­ What next? Nor was there any reason, and isolated. pelled to make clear to Hanoi that Morse went on, to think that "if we How to do it? was the question. Former North Vietnam will be held fully liable kill enough and bomb enough. North Premier Nikita S. Khruschev came up for continuing aggression against South Vietnam will yield." Morse was not with a solution. During his last few Vietnam". There was talk of mounting alone. For there was no doubt that by months of office, roly-poly Khruschev regular attacks on North Vietnam bombing North Vietnam unprovoked, was forever hustling about from one twice every week. And whereas the US the US has launched on a dangerous Communist country to another, drum­ had previously been at pains to explain policy that sooner or later could lead ming up support for a world conference that its bombing raids were in retalia­ to a confrontation with either Russia of Communist Parties to thrash out tion for specific provocation, now it or Red China — the terrifying touch- the "ideological differences" that were did just the opposite. There had been, and-go confrontation that, last time, *The first Rome was that of Augustus: the second was Constantinople, capital of the explained officials, no particular pro- was Cuba. Eastern Empire.

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 II threatening the unity of the world conference hall, apart from Red China, China, but its failing grasp on its movement. He met with small success. delegations from North Vietnam, former European satellites. But after much coaxing and pressuring North Korea, Indonesia, Albania. he got at least some Communist Rumania and .lapan were missing. BRITAIN Parties to agree to a pre-summit con­ Hoping for nothing. That kind of dis­ ference, slated for last December 15. array promised further discourage­ Faltering, not failing At the conference, the delegations ment, and Moscow discreetly threw a One way or another, just about every­ would discuss the advisability of hold­ news black-out on all conference pro­ body has had a dig at Britain's Prime ing the 91-party, world Summit con­ ceedings. However, leaks indicated Minister Harold Wilson. Needling him ference of Communist Parties. something of the wide range of last week was Saville Row. "His Leaning to Lenin. With Khruschev's opinions held by delegates. While clothes are much too wide", grumbled ousting, Russia's ardour for such a Australia demanded Red China's Men's Fashion Council chairman Louis conference remained undiminished. expulsion, the British Communist Stanbury. "His sleeves are too long. His The Sino-Soviet split stayed split, and Party wanted a narrowing of the split jackets are much too long." Wilson Russia's new leaders decided only to before any Summit meeting was held. was also continually "showing his postpone the conference to March 1 In between ranged as many gradations braces". In fact, claimed Stanbury, to promote a better attendance through as there were delegations. By week's Wilson, with three fashion marks out more lobbying. Daringly enough, end, the nineteen could agree whole- of ten, was the Cabinet's worst-dressed man. If that was all the bad news the week held, Britain's Premier might have merely snapped his braces in stubborn reply. However, more importantly, his four-month-old Labour Government went down to its first defeat in the House of Commons too. A government Bill to outlaw hanging flopped 128 votes to 117, reflecting Labour's weak hold on the Hou.se glaringly. As the count ended, exhilarated Tory back­ benchers jumped up like schoolboys in their seats to shout and wave arms. "Resign", they yelled repeatedly. Not a damn, said Labour. As the Bill was a minor matter, there was no need for that. But the defeat certainly cut into Labour's small Parliamentary strength. At the Rhine. By week's end the PM was away from it all, on an official visit to West Germany. There he is es­ GOINGS-ON IN THE KBEMLIN GROUNDS pecially keen to reduce Britain's heavy Better, think they, kickings out annual R170m commitment to keep a Premier Aleksei Kosygin even hopped heartedly on only one thing. Stung by Rhine Army. What would be u.seful from Hanoi to Peking and Pyongyang fresh US bombings of North Vietnam, would be a subsidy granted by Bonn, last month to try and boost numbers. they swiftly hammered out a tired- or at least favourable trade arrange­ But Kosygin's flying rushabout was sounding anti-American joint declara­ ments to counter-balance the huge cost. doomed to failure. For while Russia's tion. "We demand the immediate Nevertheless, in Berlin he assured West ostensible object at a world conference withdrawal from South Vietnam of the Germany that Britain could not "con­ of Communist Parties is to paper over armed forces of the United States and sider any reduction of our commitment the Sino-Soviet conflict, the real its satellites," it ran on, demanding to Berlin". purpose is plain enough. After putting also "discontinuation of armed attacks" Prospects were that Wilson would re­ Sino-Soviet differences to the delegates, on North Vietnam. turn with not very much to show for Russia could hope to hound out Red Ordeal by talk. When it came to hint­ talks with Chancellor Ludwig Erhard. China with a massive vote. ing vaguely at Communist disunity, Naturally, this would add that much Interpreting Marx. That being so, the this first declaration was about as solid more to the strain of governing with Red Chinese were not biting, even if as a bubble bath. "The representatives the slim majority of three. And at least the March 1 conference was merely a of Communist and Workers' Parties some Tory leaders are convinced that prelude. And only hours before the meeting in Moscow," it pontificated, the overall strain could become too conference was due to start last week, "call on all Communist Parties and much and force Wilson into an election Peking slated the new Russian leader­ Socialist States . . . and on all those as early as next month. Indicating this, ship for attacking it in "an all round, who uphold the cause of unity ... to they argue, is WiKson's decision to systematic and foul manner." Against strengthen unity of action and solid­ postpone his 5% reduction in import the conference from the start. Red arity." The talks, it seemed plain, were levies until April 27 — thereby en­ China was simply not coming along. not going to produce fireworks. couraging importers to postpone orders. Nor were others. Though Moscow had Instead, the final communique The tactic would contrive a spectacular invited 25 main Communist Parties to promised to be filled with enough balance of payments improvement in attend, there were important absentees. do-nothing ambiguities and platitudes the coming weeks. Wilson is being After the last black Chaika had rolled to suit all but Moscow. More than sharp, perhaps sharper than the Tory through an iron-grill gate at the ever, the meeting threatened to prove knives which are so keenly whetted for entrance to Moscow's Reception House not only Russia's lost grip on Red an early kill.

12 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 FOCUS ON: ADAM SMALL Voice off Conscience Toerie Lord for so long: byrie airport 'n celebrity follow sy eie nie, yrie jet stap maar sy manager se wil. tussen die streamers oppie tarmac Chipping away at the devitalisation en virrie Here Jesus fan-club and stultification of religion wrought die V-sign wys by people establishing it rather than was daa nie meer plek living it in their hearts. Small writes, vir 'n muis in Second Coming I, of the Saviour returning with a motor cycle escort. He Toe't hy kindly agree is given an official (white) reception en moerie teenagers gepose by the mayor and the President. But voor 'n hele battery a Coloured in the crowd prays to press photographers God to look up and: end die hepcets het geskrie . . . notice my hie agter, please, en spontaneously getwis' en smile moet my . . . (photo op bladsy drie) — This theme reaches its climax of urgency in Vyfde Evangelic, in which en dmmal het die Lord a 33-year-old Coloured is tried and POET SMALL warmly ga-applod condemned as an agitator, is executed, Orpheus with guitar toe hy reveal hy gan 'n personal and resurrected on the third day. mately 1 did not become a Roman appearance-show A wider sky. Yet the association of Catholic. But 1 have always had. and vi sy non-white entoesiasts Coloured and Christ must not be taken always keep having, religious inclina­ special innie Gem in hou. too literally. In answer to the question tions, and 1 think that explains why whether he considers that Coloureds I joined the DRC when at Fort Hare. Adam Small: Second Coming II have any special role to play in Almost immediately I did so, the same Southafrica, Small replies: "The sort old worries started". The result was AT a casual glance, Adam SmaU's of role the Coloured people can play, that he left the DRC, and because his writing looks like the work of an so far as I can see, is not different wife is a Jehovah's Witness, now iconoclast at best, a militant atheist from the roles that can be played by describes himself as one too, "though at worst. In its bitter, jibing tones, other sections of the population. In I am much more critical of organised readers may find the authentic tones Southafrica, far too much is made of religion." of 20th century Disillusioned Man; in very special roles to be played by this Winding paths. Small's fundamentalist its irreverence the bankrupt leavings or the other group of people . . . The view of religion and his refusal to of the humanist wave. But superficial position before God is neither Jew have truck with practical politics is readings are inadequate, and the casual nor Greek, poor nor rich. That does the result of his essentially academic reader would be wrong. not mean any person is acceptable, approach — and philosophy has Songs of Zion. For Adam Small is no but that he may be acceptable." Nor always been his strong point. Starting bitter rebel without a cause. True, the is Small punching the Bible for his off on a medical degree in 1954 at world, for him, is not enough. He has, own or any particular sect's sake. His Capetown University, Small switched however, a very definite alternative to position is that of a personal follower to BA in 1955 and graduated the fol­ offer, and the sometimes strident of Christ, analogous to that of the lowing year. His main subjects were tone of his writings serves only as a German theologian Meister Eckhardt, all concerned with literature or philo­ goad to force men who call themselves who said, in a surprising fit of heresy, sophy, and he wound up with class Christian into a re-evaluation of their that he preferred "Hell with Jesus to medals for Ethics and Logic and real beliefs. His is also the voice calling Heaven without Him". And in refuta­ Metaphysics, was also top student in articulately to intellectuals to observe tion of any accusations that his is a Nederlands and Afrikaans. In 1958, the plight of his people. For though narrow-minded dogma. Small can after gaining a first class Honours he is educated beyond most, lectures point to as good a philosophical degree in Logic and Metaphysics, he in philosophy and is widely respected, grounding and as eclectic a religious "messed around" in Britain, returning Adam Small is also a Coloured. As a experience as any in Southafrica. to teach school Afrikaans at Welling­ lecturer at the Coloured University The search for truth. Born in 1936, ton. The following year he joined the College of the Western Cape at Bell- the son of John Small, who was head­ staff of Fort Hare as a lecturer in ville, he could be spared most of the master of a Retreat Dutch Reformed philosophy, in 1960 changed to his degradations which his fellow Primary School, Small was at first a present position at the University Coloureds endure. But as a thinking member of the DRC Mission Church College of the Western Cape. A British man, he cannot ignore them. And in and was confirmed into it while a Council Scholarship took him to their dilemma he sees also the wider lecturer at Fort Hare in 1959. He had Oxford for the 1963/64 academic year, dilemma of the society which degrades attended Roman Catholic schools, where, he says: "I was fortunate in them, and by so doing, degrades itself. however, and while at the University being assigned to R. M. Hare as my At base, he is concerned with the lack of Capetown considered embracing this study conductor, a young man con­ of freedom which all men suffer. In sidered to be the leading British Small's poem. Second Coming II, the faith. But: "The longer I kept up my studies at UCT, especially in philo­ ethicist". While there. Small did Lord sadly and apologetically explains research in moral philosophy. He he had to postpone his engagement sophy, the more critical I became of religious matters also, so that ulti- returned without his doctorate, because

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14 NEWS/CHECK 12.MARCH 1965 Klein Simbool, Kitaar my Kniis, Die Eerste Steen and Se Sjibbolet. My brother, my enemy. In all of them the religious themes are interwoven with a deep feeling for Afrikaners — Small's brothers, whom time and circumstances have estranged. From Kitaar my Kruis and Se Sjibholet (the title of the second is from Judges XII) emerges an image of an Afrikaans people whose national aspirations are inextricably tied up with their religious convictions. He suggests that the ex­ clusion of Coloureds from the Groote Kerk may even imply a wider relega­ tion to a spiritual second class — from Southafrica 1965 right on to eternity. Small is suspicious of religion that envisages national destiny. This col­ lective. Old Testament conception of a "volk" as a sort of responsible, multi- C3llular animal is often his target. "I want everyone to become an indi­ vidual," he pleads. "Love is not SMALL'S SMALL FOLK: CARPENTER . . something transmitted between large . . . AND GARDENER The done-hy and the doers groups of people, but between indi­ Tlie heart c/.s iiiitch as the head vidual persons." he inclines to the British view that The affirmation of rebellion. Naturally, Afrikaans. He is accused variously publications mean more. But because of artificial bastardisation of the lan­ liouthafrican values are different. Small perhaps, given this stance. Small's li'icrary masters are the earnest theo­ guage, inconsistent phonetic spelling, is currently working on a study of the of stooping to effekbejag (gimmickry), problem of decision (or choice) in logians of revolt — Kierkegaard, Berdyaev and Nietzsche, "Nietzsche", and of an obsessive bitterness. Bitter, ethics for a doctorate with the yes, but obsessive? A good deal of University of Southafrica. he says "was more of a Christian than Scribe and scripture. During all this many of his critics suspect". Maybe Afrikaans poetry, which could never time, Small was writing, and it is for a key to one of Small's motivating be described as obsessive, is equally his writings (mostly slim volumes of forces is his justification for his opinion bitter. As C. P. Hoogenhout com­ verse) that he is best known. There of Nietzsche: "The simple people loved plained under English domination — have been other religious poets in him". Small is more truly of the people Engcls, Engels, alles Engels / Engels Afrikaans, and there have been other than most modern poets, and says: "I wat jy sien en hoorjin ons skole, in poets of the people (as distinct from know that some of my poems are read ons kerke, word ons moedertaal intellectuals). But none have had the in quarters where people never expect vermoor — so is Small entitled to fiercely demotic, sometimes gimmicky, poetry to be read". He recounts complain for the Coloureds. sometimes disruptive, influence of instances of Coloured railway workers draait, bop. Much of Small's early Small. By adopting as his medium th,; who enjoy having his poetry read to work is unexciting and unoriginal. In Englikaans patois of the Cape them by a Coloured doctor. the prosaic poems of Verse van die Coloureds, Small has succeeded in Hammer. Small's demotic quality is also Liefde, echoes of W. E. G. Louw come turning his poetry into a joke which apparent in the flippant, rough-hewn through as strongly as his indisputable nonetheless unfailingly illuminates profundities with which he demolishes sincerity. But there is little promise the pathos of its subject. He has also trite incantations, of whatever tinge. of the powerful pertinence of Kitaar made it completely untranslatable, Uheralis Gal\el

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lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllll!IIIIIIIIIIIIHH^ IMAUWMA' AFRICA J^-—-'i\y 'TNIGER I , =, FRENCH SUDAN the new cabinet in protest. Then came m^rVAioMj;,• ; 'NIGERIA'- /'HIGERIA/T' ' .--S r 'I's. .-c: a surprise when all the northern parties Who remembers 1958? got together last week to agree on a When Lord Kitchener rebuilt Khar­ Statute of Autonomy which would toum in 1899 after it had been razed grant the south a regional parliament by the Mahdi's dervishes, he planned responsible for public health, agricul­ L.[ASC_ENll_ONjj "" l.'«iK|nMwi>Tf3 it in the shape of a Union Jack. No ture, education and local affairs. mere stroke of imperial arrogance, Let's talk it over. Antipathy towards this allowed machine-gunners to sweep the 9m Arab Muslims of the north Si I!EI.-J;A; the long dusty streets when mobs has always simmered or boiled among threatened order. Now Sudanese the 3.5m Nilotic animists and troops and police garrison the capital, Christians in the southern provinces. which lies at the confluence of the Army repression under the 1958/64 White Nile (whitish) and the Blue military regime deepened the feud; now Nile (more than somewhat brownish) Khalifa has been seeking means to in the Arab northern Sudan. Several resolve the problem over the confer­ In places it has even set up a shadow times in the last few months they have ence table. Negotiations about the administration, which collects taxes had to step in to quell demonstrations negotiations have been going on for and keeps rudimentary order. These by angry black southerners, trade months, and only last week, after Sudanese insurgents scorn the "gang­ unionists, students and conservative several postponements, did represen­ ster" Congolese rebels and see their peasants. With all these turbulences tatives of the main southern party own cause as a legitimate struggle the new civilian government has been in exile in Uganda, the Sudan African against alien (Arab) domination. Cer­ having a rough time since it took over National Union (SANU), arrive in tainly, true pacification of the south from General Ibrahim Aboud's mili­ Khartoum for talks. Hitherto demand­ will only come about when the heavy tary regime last October. ing complete southern independence, Arab hand is lifted, when southerners Scrum down. The mandate of Sirr SANU may be content with limited run the administration, and trust re­ el Khatim Khalifa's caretaker cabinet, autonomy. Whether this will be places fear. This much is clear. The a hasty get-together of leftists and acceptable to all the southern separa- general political future is not. No traditionalists, was to prepare for tionists is another matter. nation-wide party has emerged, and elections to a new parliament. But it Who leads whom? The SANU dele­ even if the current negotiations make has been stymied by its own contra­ gation leader, William Deng, has been a southern solution possible, the north dictory make-up and the running sore disowned by several other top exiles still has its old problem of intransi­ of the secessionist southern provinces, in Uganda, and the party has little gent rival factions appealing to who have been in revolt against Arab control over the insurgents still fight­ sectional religious and economic domination since the Sudan became ing in the swamp-chequered south. interests. This is what led to the independent in 1956. Late last month The actual rebel fighting organisation Army take-over in 1958. the conservative Umma Party and its is the Anya Nya (named after a rather allies, who are backed by the strong horrible vegetable poison which is Muslim sects, forced Khalifa to form mixed with thorns — the unfortunates GHANA a new cabinet with reduced represen­ who walk on the thorns die of itching). One up on Noah tation for the Communists and the And Anya Nya controls most of the By the ceremonial fire in the centre of radical pro-Egyptian People's Demo­ Equatoria and Upper Nile provinces the mud huts the rites were carried cratic Party, who promptly boycotted outside the government-held towns. out, the fetish propitiated, the people fed on the sacrificial cow, and the big move was on. The villagers of Ajena were leaving for a new home, while behind them rose the flooding waters veil's-*' of the Volta Lake, swollen by heavy rains. With 700 such villages to deal with, Ghanaian authorities have had their hands full over the past few years. The R112m Volta Dam scheme, begun in 1962, is nearing completion, well ahead of schedule, and some 80,000 people are being dis­ placed by the 3,275 sq mile lake, which will stretch 250 miles from the coastal area to deep in the north of Ghana. The dam will provide hydro­ electric power and boost the develop­ ment of industries, agriculture, fishing and forestry in the area of the basin. Sluices and survey. With the lake spreading in recent months, stretching SUDANESE ARMOUR READY FOR SOUTHERNERS, STUDENTS, PEASANTS, ETC out fingers as its waters rise, and The Jack's all right

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NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 19 flooding inhabited areas, the resettle­ ment scheme is being speeded up. The 80,000 people ("We are not just chickens to be moved about") are communities, families, farmers, traders, fishermen, clerks and officials, and the task of sorting out this kaleidoscope of occupations and tribes has had to be dealt with carefully. "Nobody should be worse off" through having to move, ordered President Kwame Nkrumah. So Ghana's Social Welfare Department and the Volta River Authority have been taking into account everything from traditional fishing creeks to religious shrines. They have gradually won the confi­ dence of the people being displaced and now moving to new farms and townships as near as possible to their old homes. Bigger and better. Ten thousand "core" houses (walls and a roof under which the settlers can build rooms themselves) have been built in about fifty new settlements, which vary in size from a few hundred inhabitants to over 3,000. The aim here is to build up organic communities of people compatible in mores and com­ plementary in occupations. Chief means of livelihood is agriculture, and the opportunity is being grasped to teach new methods to the transplanted farmers. The comprehensiveness of the planning has been praised by the US's Agency for International Development, whose investigators re­ ported: "Housing will be much better than that left behind in the old villages, and health and sanitation conditions in the new villages have been fully considered." The new townships will be big enough to support community services plus tech­ But which wine? U this Blue Nun nical assistance for farmers and you're giving us, you young rascal? Thought tradesmen. And the New Ajena settlement, thirteen miles from the I recognised the label... Good. Sets the chef's original Ajena, which will have over 2,000 inhabitants drawn from 21 old efforts off perfectly. Roscoe likes it too, don't villages, already boasts the flashy you? Of course, he does live on fish... Volta Saloon, which invites people to "Slip in for Iced Beer." But don't let that worry you... just keep But all is not glaring modernism, for the traditional basis of each com­ pouring. Right through the meal, m'boy, munity has been well observed. In right through the meal! this operation, bureaucracy has won both the trust and the enthusiasm of a primitive people who initially had every reason to fear a move from BlUE NUN STILL AND SPARKLING LIEBFRAUMILCH their ancestral homes.

South African Representatiyes: E. W. Sedgwick & Co. (Pt^.) Ltd., P.O. Box 978, Cape Town. The intercontinental system With cocoa beans piling up in ware­ houses and groundnuts being stored away in pyramids of bags. West African governments are energetically seeking to expand exports. Needing

20 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 hard currency to finance their develop­ will, however, be accorded quotas —• ter Moise Tshombe of Congo-Leo was ment schemes, they place great import­ but generous ones — and above these Personality Number One when he ance on their markets in the industrial will still be subject to tariffs. In arrived in the Kenyan capital last week North Atlantic nations. And the return, Nigeria will probably offer for the Organisation of African Unity's fastest growing market in the last nominal tariff advantages to the "Six" debate on his country. Already in ses­ decade has been the European in 26 specified products. sion, the conference had condemned Economic Community (EEC). Hence Tout 9a change . . . Nigeria, with its the organisation's Liberation Commit­ easy access to it is imperative when, population of 56m (the biggest in tee for meddling in Congolese affairs, as now, world prices for primary Africa), is an especially attractive and Tshombe won another victory commodities are low and grower market for EEC industrialists, but its when Congolese rebels were excluded countries are competing fiercely to association with the Common Market from the debate. Although opinions sell their expanding production. will set a precedent for other Common­ were hardening on each side — pro- Thus the Nigerian delegation which wealth African states who may wish and anti-Tshombe — the Leopoldville travelled to Brussels last month to to join. Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania PM had obviously gained ground when negotiate with the EEC can give itself are having preliminary talks with the Senegal's delegate proposed an African a fair pat on the back for bringing EEC this month, and Ghana, Sierra police force for the Congo — and was Nigerian trade association with the Leone and Gambia will soon be cheered. For his part, Tshombe invited Common Market much closer. Al­ knocking at the European door. the rebels to lay down their arms and though final talks have to be held next Alliance for progres,s. Obviously the participate in the upcoming elections. month, Nigeria can expect soon to- interests of developing Africa are still It all seemed too good to be true, ex­ compete on the European market on closely linked to the industrial West. cept to the Egyptian-led militant states almost equal terms with the eighteen The EEC is, in a way, the strongest — all experts at sabotage. African states (mostly former French example today of Western countries colonies) which are already associate organising openly for their own good, members of the EEC. These countries and perhaps it is the very straight­ RHODESIA escape most of the tariffs imposed on forwardness of their motives and the imports by the Common Market. modesty of their aims in Africa that What did the seers see? Cocoa and sympathy. Only bugbear give them a fairly constant status and Engines screaming, the VC-10 jetliner is the attitude of France which, favour­ healthy respect among African rulers. leapt off the Salisbury airport runway ing its ex-colonies who export to the When only the former French and and headed into the clear night sky. Common Market, is demanding "real Belgian states were associate members The British government's two-man commercial advantages" for the EEC of the EEC, other African countries fact-finding mission to Rhodesia, com­ from Niceria. But other countries are feared the apparent bogey of political prising 58-year-old Commonwealth Secretary Arthur Bottomley and the 64- year-oid Lord Chancellor, Lord Gardi­ ner, was on its way home last week, leaving behind a relieved set of officials and a lot of grim faces. And if Mr B and Lord G were in the air, so still was the issue of Rhodesian indepen­ dence. The ten days of bundu-bashing and faction-facing left only a finely- honed edge of expectation among the groups that the British ministers had met. The government and the parlia­ mentary opposition, traditional chiefs and African nationalists, white and black trade unionists, Asians and Co- loureds, farmers and tribesmen — they GROUNDXCT PYRAMIDS, NIGERIA all had their say with the jaunty, affa­ EECy does it ble Bottomley and his elegant, lean (and silent) companion. But hopes that not SO demanding, and France is play­ dependence, but this attitude is slowly the visit will provide the key to the ing European politics too. During the falling away. French President Charles independence door or to early black talks, the Nigerian delegation, led by de Gaulle is widely respected in majority rule are likely to be dashed. top economist Dr Pius Okigbo, Africa, the Belgian presence and ex­ The fathered fathers. Bottomley's main Nigeria's ambassador to Brussels, periences in the Congo could be aim was to find out who better repre­ pointed to resolutions by last year's exceptional, and West German tussles sented Rhodesia's African majority — Geneva Conference on the Trade of with Cairo and Dar es Salaam are the government-supported rural chiefs Developing Nations, which proposed probably temporary. Only Moscow or the urban nationalists. Flashpoint of that present barriers to developing and Pel

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 21 nationalists, "these children", who came out of it well. "I don't think "destroy our cattle and burn our Duncan Sandys (one-time Conservative houses." Colonial Secretary) would have taken Meeting the 25-strong Chiefs' Council what we said half as well," said one EX AFRICA in the austere parliament building a farmer. "It was most interesting", said week later, B and G (as the pair was Bottomley ungeographically, "to get Zomba, Malawi tabbed by the press) got the same mes­ the-man-in-the-street's point of view". sage: "The bulk of the people in Rho­ Seeing impressive farm development, According to Premier Hastings desia are tribesmen who live as we live. including European-assisted African Banda, the revolt instigated last The people who follow those nationa­ farming, Bottomley acknowledged that month by former Education Mi­ list leaders are the employed people, this was one of his most useful days. nister Henry Chipembere has who are not in the majority," (a slip Great expectations. And one thing that been crushed. Half of the rebel which led one wag to say, more with B and G did achieve was to allay the band of 240 have been captured an eye to effect than truth: "Many a suspicions of many white Rhodesians and the rest have fled "like slip 'Iwixt the tongue and the cheek"). about the "cranky leftist" Labour go­ scared rabbits". But two weeks Down by the riverside. But the vernment in Britain. At a press confe­ ago ten guerillas again attacked "children", the "young politicians", rence in the British Information Service a^police station fifty miles north also had their say. Wearing their fami­ Library three hours before boarding of Zomba. liar fur hats, 48-year-old Joshua Nko- the plane for London, Bottomley an­ Bonn, West Germany mo and six of his lieutenants from the nounced: "We wish emphatically to banned People's Caretaker Council repudiate the allegation that the policy After the visit of East German made the four-hour road journey from of the British government is to impose leader Waller Ulbricht to Cairo, the Gonadkudzingwa restriction area to immediate majority rule upon Rhode­ Bonn halted economic aid to Hippo Lodge on the banks of the sia." In the dare of television liehts Egypt, but a week ago deigned to maintain diplomatic relations. West German pressure on Tanza­ nia to close the East German em­ bassy in Zanzibar resulted only in an offer to cut it to a consulate, plus continued non-recognition of East Germany. Not satisfied, Bonn cancelled military aid to Tanzania, whose President Julius Nyerere in fine pro-Peking pique suddenly rejected all West Ger­ man aid. But while West Ger­ many dislikes other states dealing with the East German Commu­ nist regime, Bonn itself has just finalised a new trade pact with Ulbricht's government, and even granted it credits.

Brazzaville, Congo The inaugural African Games, to be held in Brazzaville in July, have been recognised by the In­ BOTTOMLEY AND RHODESIAN CHIEFS ternational Olympic Committee. Swingaroiind, snijfaround The IOC is allowing Rhodesia to Lundi River. In the 102° shade of mo- and to the whirr of camera motors, he be excluded becau.se it is not an pani trees overlooking the river, shirt- turned down the African nationalist independent state, and South­ sleeved Bottomley read burly Nkomo demand for a constitutional conference. africa, as in the case of the a stiff lecture on the evils of intimida­ But the goal was still a "peaceful tran­ Tokyo Olympics, is deemed not tion, but otherwise the pair chatted sition to majority rule", and the threat eligible. amicably for three hours. A statement (by Premier Ian Smith's government) issued by Nkomo attacked the chiefs of a unilateral declaration of indepen­ Bujumbura, Burundi and blamed the "serious political cri­ dence was "the greatest danger to the King Mwami Mwambutsa IV has sis" on the hold on power of the "white peace and prosperity of Rhodesia." dissolved Burundi's national as­ settler minority". If negotiations can solve the problem, sembly because "members place Nkomo's rival, 45-year-old Reverend the visit has helped by mightily clear­ personal rivalry above national Ndabaninge Sitholc (both are graduates ing the air. And although" it will be affairs". Corruption, the assassi­ of the University of Southafrica) is in surprising if the British government nation of two Prime Ministers, jail, but Bottomley met other leaders does come up with a solution, everyone and meddling by Red Chinese of Sitholc's party, the also-banned Zim­ is suddenly looking to London. Tact­ diplomats until they were babwe African National Union. fully quiet during the tour. Premier expelled six weeks ago, have Down on the farm. At a free-for-all Smith was even more tactful: "The plagued this liny central African get-together of fifty farmers in the Cen­ ball is in their court." Reporting back slate since independence in 1962. tenary block, a hundred miles from Sa­ to the British Parliament this week, To put things right, the King lisbury. B and G were given another Bottomley was also cautiously hope­ intends to be tough. earbashing (by farmers' wives too) and ful of a fair solution.

22 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 than intrinsic, mean that Esso will get big later rather than sooner. In the meantime it will carry on doing busi­ ness in the chemical and lubricating of Standard Oil (NJ) and James oil fields. Which is indeed a tiger o"f PRODUCTS Campbell, currently manager of Esso Thereby hangs a tail a diilerent stripe. Says Campbell: Southafrica, visited the Republic. Dis­ "You can sell millions of rands' worth In the US the Esso tiger is probably cussions with the government pro­ of chemicals and no-one knows you're the most familiar specimen of duced a favourable verdict, but no there." So the tiger's preliminary advertising fauna. Last week South- promises. Esso went ahead, however, roars indicate rather that it is coming african motorists too were invited, for and in August the company was than that battle is joined. the first time, to take the tiger line, registered in Southafrica. Business at as nationally-run ads proclaimed that first was confined to importing some Esso is back in the Southafrican petrol of the 5,000 varieties of petroleum- IDEAS market. Esso Standard Southafrica, based chemicals (example: butyl syn­ overseas outpost of the huge Standard thetic rubber) which Esso produces. Self-serving self-service Initial capitalisation was RJm, the Oil (New Jersey) company has been Taxing the ingenuity of retailers in in business in the Republic since price of Solar Oil's Durban blending plant which Esso bought in March last Southafrica are the changing patterns August, 1963. Its history goes back a of demand. When a six-day week was lot longer, however. For 45 years the year. In May Esso began to take over (in terms of an agreement with the the vogue, customer flow was fairly Standard Vacuum company sold a lot steady during the week. But the of automotive fuels and lubricants to government) filling stations whose con­ tracts with other oil companies had general trend towards a five-day week Southafrican motorists. The winged for workers (with an accompanying horse advertising Pegasus petrol was a expired and who wanted to change. "This meant", says Campbell, "that curtailment of lunch-hour and time familiar sight on the roadsides. Esso off) has spelled slack business Monday to Friday — and an overwhelming mob of weekend shoppers. Pretoria, IJUSTPUTAGASSTKIION since the civil service switchover to PUT A TIGER IM YOUR TANK the shorter week last year, has been AnENDANTINUYTANK! particularly affected. One answer to the weekend rush is self-service. Strug­ gling with the sharp fluctuations,

•Q:I Pretoria bottle store owner Ralph Liebman has come up with a com­ promise solution. In his new McLaren Street bottle store which will be opened next week in Pretoria's suburb of Waverley, service during the week will S^ be across the counter. But at weekends and month-ends the shop will quickly convert to a self-service outfit. Counter move. Liebman dumped his PROVERBIAL ESSO: FUiViXY, STRAIGHT dilemma into the lap of Dan Lombard, Burning bright store layout consultant for Flexible Selection, Kempton Park, manufac­ turers of Shelvit pre-fab shopfittings. was a 50% shareholder in Stanvac we couldn't pick and choose, so some As Liebman saw his problem: "For with Standard Oil (New York), which of the selling points are not the best normal weekday shopping we can has the Mobil trademark. Then, three located ones we would like." manage with only two assistants behind years ago, the US Sherman Anti-Trust Slow burn. Penetration has been slow. the counter. At weekends turnover Act and expanding markets combined Only 25 of the 1,719 stations on the rises sharply, from eight to ten times. to persuade the two companies it was Witwatersrand are Esso sellers. With On an average Saturday we need six time to part company. In the share- another one in Durban, the Esso total assistants. This must be increased to out of assets, Mobil drew Southafrica, of 26 filling stations is lost among the seven at month-ends." Lombard kicked and Esso was temporarily left out in 4,060 in the Republic. But with stor­ around various ideas and. seven the cold. The freeze-out got more age tanks in Durban and a 22-acre months ago. conceived the "instant wintry when shortly afterwards an terminal in Alberton, Esso is aiming switch" dual purpose store. After agreement between the oil companies to get into the big time sooner or undergoing changes (twelve experi­ operating in Southafrica and the later. Twelve new stations are pro­ mental systems were drawn up before government limited the number of new jected for this year. It also plans soon the idea was perfected), the system filling stations which could be built. to raise its capital to R2m to have a which has finally been installed is It also allocated what quota of these solid cash base. The drawbacks of claimed to be the first of its kind in stations each existing company could having to wait for contracts to lapse the world. During the week customers sign up as single-brand selling points. before it can bid for service stations, will be served normally across a No newcomers, the agreement seemed of having to build up a brand image crescent-shaped counter. Come rush to say, need apply. and of having to compete in a market hours, however, and the release of a Year of the tiger. But Esso came where difference in products* are more few catches, a touch on a switch, and back punching. A survey indicated peripheral (hinging on better service) ten minutes are all that are required that Southafrican business was worth *E.sso petrol i.s similar to others available to turn the shop into a self-service in Southafrica: standard grade rating is 83 + having, and in April, 1963, a director octane; extra is 93+. layout. Electric motors pivot sections

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 23 of the counter, complete with cash registers, to form customer entry and exit gaps — and three checking points. Feel for business. Flexible Selection have not yet totted up the bill, but say that the system will set Liebman back from R3,000 to R3,600 on his bottle store building costs. Advantages gained should soon make up the extra costs. The saving in labour is a big factor, but another as yet unassessed gain is the improvement in sales resulting from customers being in contact with the merchandise. Where customers before were ignorant of the range of liquor open to them and so stuck to the old familiar products. Flexible Selection's director, William Auersperg, believes that being able to browse among the bottles will tempt them to try other brands and un­ familiar liquors. Logical, perhaps. It is much easier (and less embarrassing for those not accustomed to doing it) to pick up a bottle and present it to a cashier rather than to ask for Parfait d'Amour or Nuit St George '57.

SERVICES Towards a faster buck Speed enthusiasts are drooling over the story of a Capetown motorist who recently bought Ford's high-perform­ ance model, the Cortina GT, drove 7 rum ways to keep you cool all Summer! it straight off the showroom floor to motor wizard Willie Meissner's garage 1 Pink Frozen Daiquiri. Take six 5 Long Tall Sally. Take tliree parts — and spent a further R 1,000 on parts of Red Heart Rum, two parts of of Red Heart Rum, three parts of modifications to the car. No less Lime Juice ond one part of Grenadine. Apricot cordial, two parts of Lime admiring are the speed merchants who Shake, sliivcr and shout while mixing Juice and one part of sugar syrup. earn their living making production the whole lot with finely shaved ice. Shake well with ice and serve in a cars go faster. But their admiration Pour without straining into cham­ long, tall glass suitable for a Long is due to other rea.sons, for last year pagne glasses and serve with cut short Tall Sally. Southafrican motorists with Jim Clark straws. 6 Colombo Cloudclipper. It may be ambitions and modest resources spent 2 Blossom. Spring may have come cocktails in Karachi but the jet set R-'m on knick-knacks to make their and Kone but liere's a Blossom to keep are sipping Cloudclippers over Colom­ Cortinas, Anglias and Mini-Minors you feeling as fresh as a daisy. Simply bo. No need to take off to drink one— perform like sports cars. What Meiss- mi.x six parts of Red Heart Rum with just mix three parts of Red Heart Rum ner did to the Cortina is an example two parts of Lime Juice and one part with one part of un.swectened pine­ of what other drivers pay for and of Pineapple Juice. Shake with ice apple juice and add sugar syrup to other speed shops do to cars. Usually and serve in long glasses, and go slow. taste. Shake with ice, and serve. working on a less sweeping scale, they 7 If none of the above gives you the squeeze out a few more hp, a few 3 Vanilla Lollipop. Put a vanilla cooling effect you need, we suggest more miles per hour. The Cortina's bean in a bottle of Red Heart Rum that you marry an Eskimo and run camshaft was removed and a special and let it stand for a clay. Next day away to Baffin Bay. There R250 model fitted; suspension was is Lollipop Day—you put a twist of the average summer tem­ lowered; more and better carburettors lime pe(>l and a spoon of sugar into a perature is cool enough for were added and other bits and pieces small champagne glass and fill up with penguins and polar bears and (including wing mirrors) were bolted crushed ice. Trickle in the vanilla you'h only have the problem on. Net result was a raise in horse­ flavoured Red Heart Rum. of keeping warm. I'^or that power from a not-so-sluggish 72 bhp 4 Short Fat Sam. Take three parts of we suggest that you take a to 104 bhp, a 116 mph top speed and Red Heart Rum, one part Italian bottle of strong, warming a car with that expensive "customised" vermouth and mix well, stirring with Red Heart Rum—along with look. ice. Serve in a short fat glass and some warming recipes! Hot pursuit. The new enthusiasm for shake in a dash of bitters. Put in a mods (modifications) means that those sliver of lemon peel for effect. Red Heart Rum who figure in the high placings at motor race meetings these days are al­ most always men whose livelihood de-

LS2363/2 12 MARCH 1965 24 NEWS/CHECK or more. A fast mile or two away from over by the Netherlands Bank, (see Green's outfit is the speed-fiend's CHECK STUBS bclow). Premier milling Mecca — Basil van Rooyen's large has bought out a small retailing chain, (capital: R40,000) Superformance. Gray's Investments, and a big con­ This organisation hots up cars, and struction merger went through this sells the flashier concomitants of fast week. Thus the announcement this driving — Smith impulse tachometers week that two Southafrican caravan (R27), Superformance driving shoes firms are about to join forces occa­ (R7) and racing overalls. In the sioned at best polite notice. Wrongly crowded workshop, though, pride of so. Current level of sales for caravans place is given to a R9,000 cam-grinding in Southafrica is about 6,500 a year, lathe. One of the prime movers of which 60% are produced by the in the faster-than-off-the-assembly-line firms planning to merge. Sprite Cara­ trend, 26-year-old van Rooyen sparked vans, established five years ago, is a interest with his fully "tweaked" wholely-owned subsidiary of London- HOPI'ED-UP CORTINAS DICE AT Anglia which he successfully matched based Caravans International, largest KYALAMI against more expensive Continental manufacturers in Europe. Sprite's Extra hp for the big boys cars. Through his influence and that Pinetown factory lies cheek-by-jowl pends on their success. Koos Swane- of Koos Swanepoel, favourites for with that of Africaravans, founded ten poel, the Cape driver who brought his hotting up are the small Ford cars, years ago by Southafrica's rolling home Cortina home ahead of all opposition Anglias and Cortinas. The modifica­ pioneer, Harry Welsh, who makes the in his class at the Kyalami Autumn tion rage, now big business, dictates popular Gypsey range. Sprite did the Trophy meeting last weekend, stands to that production car races are for far talking. It offered 76.2c for each 50c gain by mods. So does George Arm­ bigger stakes than the winner's purse. Africaravan share, and enough share­ strong, Johannesburg tuner-upper, who Hence it is not only on the tracks that holders have accepted for Sprite to won his class in a Mini-Cooper S and the race is neck-and-neck — or rather, acquire compulsorily all outstanding who last year won the Index of Per­ bonnet-and-bonnet. shares. The management of both formance in the Nine Hour Race in companies will be integrated and a similar car. To their tuning shops eventually Africaravans' production flock drivers who are convinced that LINK-UPS line will be closed down. their mechanical genius will make their Home! The market, especially for resi­ cars go as fast, and that the fame The mobile property market- dential caravans, has barely been of the tuner will rub off too. Though the season of goodwill is past, scratched. In the UK and the US about Speed, spelled M-O-N-E-Y. But it is Southafrican business seems suddenly a third of all caravans are used as cash rather than conjuring that makes imbued with the spirit of togetherness. homes — a hefty figure when it is the wheels go round faster. Once past Mergers and other groupings are taken into consideration that more the chequered "go faster" tape stage, taking place so rapidly that quite big than a million caravans in the States a budding speedster gets down to ones are passing almost unnoticed in are home for their owners. In getting basics. Modified cylinder heads go for the rush. Apart from the recent in with the major share now. Sprite R40 on exchange; a free-flow exhaust Federale - General Mining link - up, Caravans have, appropriately enough, system will set him back another R40. Monis Wineries has lately been taken hitched their wagon to a rising star. Further up the scale of ambition, twin-choke Weber carburettors sell for R43 each and high-lift camshafts from R24 upwards. export trade, also subject to boy­ Not unexpectedly, the average age of CHECK STUBS cotts, exceeded R140m, an increase people who want the mods is around Measuring up of R20m on the year before. 21. Much more predictably, however, it is only those between 35 and 40 Stepping in ahead of the Anton Fish dish who can afford them. But there is no Rupert/Jan Pickard liquor empire age ceiling: a much-tuned Zephyr II last week, the Netherlands Finance Injecting new life into company is driven by a retired Capetown magis­ & Investment Corporation (Nefic) town Port Nolloth, Cape, is a new trate. The firms that do the modifying gained control of Monis Wineries, Rim fishmeal factory capable of vary from those like Meissner, who snatching up 493,000 shares at processing pilchards and other fish will use a dynomometer to tune a car 400c each. Strangely linking the at the rate of 12V tons per hour. two groups was Nefic director Dr It is backed by Sanlam and Sankor's almost to racing pitch, to the much Mankor Beleggings and Boesmans- more common business of Powerparts Frans Cronje, who also holds the chair of Southafrican Breweries, land Minerale Ontwikkelingsmaats- (also in Capetown) which is strictly in kappy. the bolt-on kit line. recently blocked in a Monis take­ Miles of dials. Up north, the Johan­ over bid by the Minister of Justice. nesburg speedshops operate under a Lack of interest similar regime. Basil Green (28) turns Money talks To be gazetted shortly — a procla­ out a full range of accessories from In spile of boycotts in most Afri­ mation allowing the Reserve Bank his shop, supplies mainly bolt-on mail can slates, the Southafrican Depart­ to fix the maximum interest rates order kits selling at about R60, but ment of Commerce and Industry is which deposit receiving institutions also tackles 30/40 modification jobs a predicting a new R160m high for may offer on deposits. Another step month. Most are cylinder head cook­ 1965 in exports to the rest of the in the concerted government attack ing jobs, costing about R40 — but continent. The reason — last year's on inflation. 10% of the changes are worth R150

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 25 also stipulates that black workers must lllllllllllllllllllllll{||!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllllllllllllllinilllllllllll!ll be supervised by a white miner. MINING & FINANCE Who said so? Last year the powerful (17,000-strong) Mineworkers' Union, An investment in people opportunity of acquiring relatively worried by the same trends that dis­ safe investments in commerce and in­ turbed mine owners, proposed to the During the Thirties the exclusion of dustry." Federale's partners-in- Chamber of Mines that the pool of Afrikaners from finance and industry finance today include one-time arch­ white labour could be better used in was becoming increasingly irksome to enemy of Afrikaners, Harry Oppen- higher-paid positions, and relieved of them. By 1939 enough of a head of heimer, through the assumption of the statutory overseeing. It meant a steam had been worked up for an control of General Mining by FVB break-down in the old order, but the Economic Conference to be called in affiliate Federale Mynbou. Via the government mining engineer and Bloemfontein. At the conference it intertwined labyrinth that is South- (allegedly) Minister of Mines Jan was decided to float an exclusively african finance, FVB is linked in some Haak approved the experiment. Con­ Afrikaans finance house to remedy the way to most of the major finance sequently, for a year (ending next imbalance. On July 8, 1940, it was houses. June), mines at which the experiment registered. Called Federale Volks- Parvenu. The main advantage which is applied no longer have to have one beleggings, the company had an initial Federale has, despite its moderate white miner - supervisor for each capital of 20,910 Rl shares, its chair­ affluence, is the dynamism which has Bantu gang. Instead, a miner instructs man was Dr Charles Louw, and the kept it steadily expanding. For FVB the gang, gets them under way, then loss on the first year's operations was is, as Southafrican finance houses go, leaves them in the care of a bossboy R2,780. still a youngster, and the combination while he goes to repeat the performance Big boy now. Today Dr Louw is still of its enterprise with the more solid with another gang. The eleven partici­ chairman of Federale Volks; but after cash reserves of the older groups pating mines are pleased with the a quarter-century, the company's 24th should prove fruitful. The develop­ results — and the miners are even annual report, issued last week to mark ment of Federale Volks, and the fact happier. They gain monthly salaries, that it has got on terms of equality their minimums go up to R220, pen­ with long-established high finance sions and leave improve. Grundlingh was careful to explain this, and the has proved that Afrikaners must less scheme worked well — but was kept and less regard themselves, or be rather quiet. regarded, as poor relations in South- africa. But in proving this equality, Rapid reaction. Minister Haak, at first Federale Volksbeleggings is becoming said to have given his assent to the less and less distinguishable from any experiment, last week issued a state­ other Southafrican financial house. ment denying this, and said that the first he had heard of it was when he was assured by the government mining engineer last month that it would not be extended in any way without prior consultation. This in no way mollified Klerksdorp MP Martinus van der Berg, FVB INTERESTS: AGBICURA LAB . . . who saw a threat to the jobs of 5,000 Up from the ground . . or 6,000 white miners. He stated that if the experiment became regular prac­ its 25th birthday year, shows a very tice there would be "hell to pop." different picture. Capital (including Behind him stood the mining group in preference shares and reserves) is now the National Party caucus. Unpacified over R14m. And for the first time by assurances from the Mineworkers' consolidated profit tops the Rim mark Union that the colour bar was not on a year's workings. There are not being undermined, only lifted higher, many fields in which Federale Volks . . . PENINSULAR QUARRIES WORKS they accused Grundlingh of a delibe­ does not have an interest. Through . . . takes 25 years rate attempt to break down job apart­ companies like Federale Mynbou, heid on the mines. Marine Products Limited, Cape Hotels How far the bar? Grundlingh counter-attacked by saying and the Sana/Petersen Group, Volks that van der Berg had known about is associated with businesses from The gold mines, caught in a nut­ the plan since its inception, continued mining through fishing to hotels and cracker, one jaw of which is fixed confidently that: "The scheme is here chemicals. But this by no means prices, the other rapidly rising costs, to stay. Its extension to the coal mines exhausts the list. are often driven to odd-looking expe­ will come shortly — just as soon as Sectional aims have long since gone riments. A big percentage of their more gold mines take it up." Grund­ by the board in the search for sound cost structure is tied up in wages for lingh has come off best in previous investments. At FVB's first Annual the men underground. One obvious encounters with officialdom and General Meeting, chairman Louw front on which to effect economies, stroppy miners alike — and, signifi­ stated its aims as being: ". . . to pre­ therefore, is that which deals with cantly, there has been no final vent wastage of capital in uneconomic manpower. Enshrined in the Mines quashing of the plan from the highest enterprises. The company must act and Works Act, which lays down echelons. Perhaps the hard-headed as 'watchdog' in regard to the funds strictly who can do what, the colour union boss has succeeded, where libe­ available for investment. Its second bar has till recently completely pre­ ral protests for decades have been in­ aim is to act as an investment com­ vented black labour from being used effective, in raising the colour bar pany, giving its shareholders the in positions of responsibility; and it permanently.

26 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 1

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E78/3N NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 27 of plaving cards (no jokers); the board; happen as a result of a VAT 'N KANS the VAT 'N KANS cards and the By- card instruction), the player must show his election cards. hand to prove his inability to pay the for­ "Ar When five or six people play the game, feit; this disclosure of his hand acting as two packs of playing cards should be used. a substitute penalty. •A- Whenever a discard instruction requires How to begin play a cabinet minister to be discarded, this card To set up the game, the By-election cards must be shown before being discarded. are spread face up on the table, awav •^ If a player runs out of cards, he must from the board, while the VAT 'N KANS immediately he dealt seven new cards from cards are placed face down, as a pack, on the top of the pick-up pack. the place marked VAT 'N KANS off the track of the board. The Values of Cards The playing cards arc shuffled and seven Nowhere in the game docs suit count. (This game is for real-for playing) cards dealt to each player. The remaining Picture cards represent cabinet ministers, playing cards are placed, face down, along­ and aces represent Prime Ministers or side the board to form a "pick-up" pack. cabinet ministers. OTE is a satire on Southafrica's Players hold their cards in their hands, face In By-elections, picture cards and aces do politics; it is also an eminently towards the holder. not count in the voting contest, but are V playable game, with elements of -k To determine which player shall start needed as a minimum requirement (as spe­ first, all players throw the dice, and the cified by each individual By-election square) both skill and chance — a game which niayer with the highest score begins. to contest a By-election. delivers many exciting moments. Once The players start with their counters on In General Elections, picture cards do count. players have got the hang of the game the BEGIN square on the board. The In this instance they are valued at 10,000 it is very simple to play — alth'ciugh first player throws the dice and moves his votes each, and aces count 15,000 votes counter forward for the number of squares each. the situations which arise are often indicated by the dice. He then performs Ordinary numeral cards are worth their tricky. whatever action is indicated as a result of face value in thousands of votes. Thus a VOTE is a combined board, dice and landing on a particular square. He may three of spades is worth 3,000 votes, a have landed on a V.AT 'N KANS square, a three of clubs 3,000 votes; a ten of hearts card game, and all that is needed to By-election square, or a penalty or advan­ 10,000 votes, a ten of diamonds 10,000 play it are: ordinary playing cards, tage square, and in each case he must carry votes. Numeral cards are the only cards counters, a pair of dice, the board out the instructions required by that square which can win or lose a By-election. They (for each instance, see below). retain the same value in General Elections (which is printed on cardboard as the •*• When the first player has completed as in By-elections. middle page spread of this issue of his turn, the player next to him, moving NEWS/CHECK—it is stapled separately clockwise around the table, has his turn, By-elections and so on. and easily detached) and the special By-elections are the spice of the game, a BY-ELECTION and VAT 'N KANS cards. measuring of the players' strengths, a clue (These are also printed on cardboard, Moving around the board to how each player stands. And wintting on the perforated sheet backing up When a player throws a double (eg two them is vital to working up to a General fives) with the dice, he is entitled to Election. the board. These cards are thus ready another throw. If a player lands on a By-election square for stripping apart — and play.) The TAT A player is entitled to pick up three on the board, one of three conditions may rules are also printed on two pages cards whenever he passes BEGIN. apply: which can be easily taken out without Whenever a player is instructed to perform (a) The By-election has not yet been won an action, by landing on a square on the by any player. The player landing on the damaging your copy of NEWS/CHECK. board or by having had to pick up a VAT square may then choose to contest that They may thus be kept separately 'N KANS card, the instructions must be By-election, or he may feel his cards are with the game. obeyed immediately. Thus, for example, not strong enough. If he chooses not to when a double is thrown, the instructions call a By-election, the game simply pro­ A good way to start playing VOTE is of the first turn must be carried out in ceeds. to read out the first six sections of terms of all advantages or penalties before (b) The By-election is already held by the the rules, from Requirements to the the dice are thrown again. Similarly, when player who has landed on that square. In passing BEGIN, the three cards must be this case he is looking well after his Value of Cards, and then to look up picked up before the instructions on the constituents and may pick up a card from other sections as the occasions arise. square landed on are carried out. the pick-up pack. The game then pro­ -k On landing on a VAT 'N KANS square, ceeds. THE RULES FOR VOTE a player must take the top VAT 'N KANS (c) The By-election has already been won card from the stack and, after reading it by another player. The player who has Synopsis aloud, follow the directions on it. The VAT landed on the square belonging to another VOTE may be played by two or more "N KANS card is then returned to the must then pay one card for trespass, and players—up to six people. They may play bottom of the stack. the holder of that By-election may select as individuals or as coalitions. As in one card (sight unseen) from the trespasser's politics, the object of the game is to win The Pick-up Pack hand. a General Election, and General Elections T*r If payment for trespass on a Bv-election are won by building up voting strensth Whenever a pla\er is entitled to pick up square is not requested by the holder of the (ordinary numeral cards') and cabinet cards, (as may be required by a square on By-election before the next throw of the ministers (colour cards and aces) in one's the hoard he has landed on, or by a VAT dice, the trespass penalty card is no longer hand. But before a player may call a 'N KANS card), he must take them from payable. General Election, he must first have won the top of the pick-up pack. a minimum of three By-elections, These All cards which are discarded are put face Contesting a By-election may only be called when a playe- has down in a seoarate stack; and when the landed on a By-election square on the pick-up stack is exhausted, the.se discarded If a player has landed on a By-election board, and are won by bidding against the cards are shuffled and become the new pick­ square and wishes to contest it, he must strength of opponents' hands and beating a up pack. hold in his hand at least that number of "A- If there are no cards left on the table cabinet ministers (picture cards or aces) chosen opponent in a show of votes specified on the By-election square. Thus, from the board, while the VAT 'N KANS fthat is, if the pick-up pack is exhausted and there are no cards in the discard stack), to contest Omaruru, for instance, he must cards and penalty and advantage squares hold a minimum of one cabinet minister; to on the board represent those elements of each player must discard half the cards in bis hand. He may choose which cards to contest Qucenstown, at least two cabinet chance which crop up in any game—as also r"inisters. Fo- the mere fact of his contesting in politics. discard. If he holds an f^dd nr'mSer of cardf'. he must round up (thus if he holds 9 the By-election — win or lose — means that he will have to discard the number of Requirements cards, he must discard 5). All the cards cabinet ministers specified. discarded arc then shuffled and form the Moreover, to contest a By-election, a player These are: a pair of dice (with nimibcr new pick-up pack. must hold in his hand at least one more pipsV, counters (trinkets) to represent each ir In cases where a player cannot meet a card (of any type) over and above the mi­ player's position on the board; a pack forfeit of a cabinet minister card (as may ls NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 196S VAT 'N KANS VAT 'N KANS VAT 'N KANS VAT 'N KANS

By-election By-election By-election By-election

By-election By-election By-election By-election

By-election By-election By-election By-election

By-election By-election By-election By-election WAKKERSTROOM P.M.BURG CITY EDENVALE ZULULAND 60,000 votes 30,000 votes 26,000 votes 24,000 votes

HEIDELBERG STANDERTON PRETORIA RISSIK SMITHFIELD 16,000 votes 28,000 votes 35,000 votes 22,000 votes

VEREENIGING NORTH WEST RAND QUEENSTOWN OMARURU 40,000 votes 20,000 votes 32,000 votes 14,000 votes

SEA POINT WATERBERG DURBAN POINT HOUGHTON 10,000 votes 11,000 votes 12,000 votes 18,000 votes

You have been seen at a Your Progressive Party You coined the phrase: The Wool Price is up. mixed bathing party (with fails to progress. "Vote for the right to girls in bikinis) at Potchef- Move back two spaces, Pick up two cards. vote again!" stroom on a Sunday. unprogressively. Lose one card. Lose one card; pick up two. JOHANNESBURG - BIGGEST YOUNG CITY IN THE WORLD

/ have flown, I have sailed, I have moved about this world of ours. But never, in all my travels have I seen such progress as in Johannesburg — from mining camp to major city in just y8 years. This is truly " The biggest young city in the world."

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BY-ELECTION BY-ELECTION ZULULAND STANDERTON 1 Minister to lose 1 Minister to lose 24,000 votes 28,000 votes

BY-ELECTION BY-ELECTIDN SMITHFIELD P.M.BURG CITY 2 Ministers to lose I IVIinister to lose 22,000 votes 30,000 votes

B S YOU ARE UNMASKED THE SENATE O

VAT 'N KANS NEWS/CHE

BY-ELECTION NORTH WEST RAND 1 Minister to lose 20,000 votes

UJ V) o > X I-I- X ^ ^ 0) U o o o Ui z -J u Q 5 Ji; ^ < < UJOC ST 2 O O 3 S o, O u-J -J O O u. CQ Q. > 1- Q 1 «.- t/)< m O 5 00 1- >• O > u < O*^ X z B C5 oo O T >- O S - * < I O (0 (0 iSUPPUEMiNT TQ NFWS/f,HEr,K 11 M«Brn Iflts RESERVED "LIED FDR CO l-zz DQuZ BEGIN i?s T Ou^ OQ O o BY-ELECTION BY-ELECTION VEREENIGING SEA POINT 2 Ministers to lose I Minister to lose ^Q 40,000 votes 10,000 votes

BY-ELECTION PRETORIA RISSIK 2 Ministers to lose VAT 'N KANS 35,000 votes

0) £ 'M "O 0) as . W _ C A BUCCANEER ^1 3 C <0 HAS BEEN O £ OfiQ Ho <0 O —(0 O c •o = v PIRATED. a-u Z v o 0) o §"2 (0 U 'S o (0 a U I ri J•gQ o(0 GO BACK ONE 3 « g o SQUARE. 1^ O O

BY-ELECTION WATERBERG K'S GAME I Minister to lose 11,000 votes

BY-ELECTION DURBAN POINT 1 Minister to lose 12,000 votes

a: til U V. CO S3 2> -J O OQ W Co OS ^ f o c « til fe-2 i = 4> I. •- U) w *- « o -2 2: t. e , ^ O « C Q 1/3 ce o o o s >- Z siirani riirftix irr» tic^ifia; >I^H4>0A0nNo — you won't find that word in tlie Greek lexiconA

You won't find that one in most English dictionaries, either

It's a very modern word, lately coined from ancient Greek material. It concerns the science of votes — in particular the modern science of forecasting votes. Forecasting votes can be done by . . . going into a trance ... by guesswork (inspired or uninspired) ... or nowadays by computer. This scientific method of computer forecasting has been found most reliable. Remember the strikingly accurate computation of the results of the 1960 Republican Referendum? Accuracy to within one percent was achieved!—Similar success was obtained during the last General Election. In both cases the forecasting was done on an I.C.T. Com­ puter using a program originated in South Africa by I.C.T. Staff.

The forecasting of voting results, essentially the extrapolation of a trend, is only one of the many extrapolation services performed today in South Africa by I.C.T. data processing equipment. . . and extrapolation itself is only one of the many daily jobs in Science. Commerce and Industry successfully processed by I.C.T.

Psephologically speaking then, it's no wonder that in South Africa, Government, Commerce and Industry are voting more often for i.C.T. than any other make. (A fact proven by sales.)

INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS & TABULATORS S.A. (PTY) LTD. South Africa's leaders in data processing

•TRADE MARK OF INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS AND TABULATORS LIMITED. ENGLAND. The United Nations votes You said : "Natal will You are granted a in favour of Southafrica. march!" It didn't. Mining Concession. This is really an There is a Caucus leak. Lose one card. Pick up three cards. embarrassment. Lose one card. Lose one card.

Goldwater loses the US Election. More trouble in the Congo. Party funds embezzled. TV comes in. Lose one card. Pick up four cards. Lose one card. Lose one Cabinet Minister.

Southafrica is threatened You join the John X. The Railways are in a mess. There is a Boom in with a boycott. So South- Merriman Branch. This makes no difference Southafrica. african goods sell more Pick up two cards. to your situation. Pick up five cards. overseas. Throw away two. Lose one card; pick up one. Pick up three cards.

You have been praised in Patrick Gordon Walker You may call a A Government dam is the English Press. Your loses the Leyton built above your farm. supporters now doubt you. by-election. General Election Pick up two cards. Lose one card. Pick up two cards.

Your uncle has become a You buy a house at You said Southafrica Britain bans arms to South­ Minister. Betty's Bay. would go to the dogs. africa. Everybody is mad It didn 't. —and behind you. Pick up three cards. Pick up one card. Bark back three spaces. Arm yourself with 3 cards. CO CO CO CO CO

CO CO CO CO CO

CO CO CO CO CO

CO CO CO CO CO

SUPPLEMENT TO NEWS/CHECK nimum number of cabinet ministers speci­ number of cards, excent for the specified own individual counter and moves around fied on the square. number of cabinet ministers which he had the board independently, in general playing •A- If a By-clection is called, all the other in any case to lose to contest the By- on his own. The exceptions are By-elec­ players, in clockwise rotation, may bid for election. tions and General Elections, which are won the right to contest it. Moreover, he then takes the appropriate or lost jointly by each Coalition of players, A bid takes the form of the number of By-election card from the spread on the •ykr Discussion between members of a cards with which the bidder would like to table and places it face-up in front of him. Coalition is prohibited. see the By-election contested and by which This By-election is then his, for which he The rules for COALITIONS are the same the loser of the contest will be penalised. may exact trespass cards; and he is on his as for the ordinary game, except for the Thus, if a contestor bids "three" and his way to building up the minimum of three following additions and changes: bid is accepted by the caller of the By- By-elections won—a prerequisite for calling clection, the By-election will be decided by a General Election. By-elcctions: the showing of three cards by each of the The By-election having been settled, the Trespass cards are not payable between two contestants, and the loser in number game proceeds. of votes will have to lose the three cards he members of a Coalition. The calling of contested with. Uncontested By-elections By-elections is as in the normal game, a -^ A bidder in a By-election is not affected player, independently of the other member by any previous bids: he may bid higher, In the event of no plavers bidding for the of the Coalition having the right to call a lower or even the same as a previous bidder right to contest a By-election, the caller wins By-election if he holds the required mini­ — but to take part in the bidding he must the uncontested By-election by default. On mum strength of hand. Bids work accord­ have, at least, the number of cabinet minis­ showing and discarding the number of ca­ ing to the same system as in the ordinary ters specified for that By-election, plus one binet ministe'S specified on the By-election game except that the other member of the other card. square, he takes the Bv-election card from caller's Coalition may not bid. All the spread on the table, and the game members of other Coalitions may bid (if ic The caller of the By-election, however, proceeds normally. does not bid. Once having called the By- they hold the specified number of cabinet ministers plus another card) but they must election he must merely accept one of the General Elections bids made. But he has the choice of whose bid independently. bid he will accept. The By-election then A player wins the game by winning a •)*: A bid may not be for more cards than takes place between only two players, the General Election. A General Election is the smaller number of cards held by either caller of the By-election and the contcstor thus the climax of the game — but not the caller's or the bidder's Coalition as a whose bid is accepted. The bid accepted by always. A miscalculated General Election whole — of course, as in usual By-elections, the caller need not be the highest — he can let a player clown hacilv. excluding the specified number of cabinet may choose any bidder. But he must choose In order to call a General Election a player ministers. one; having called a By-election, he cannot must have: •jk: As normally, the caller may accept any back out. (a) landed on a General Election square on bid. He and the bidder whom he accepts -yir The bidding is limited by one factor: a the board, or have picked UD the General then each discard the specified number of player is not permitted to bid more cards Election card from the VAT 'N KANS cabinet ministers. The caller then lays down than either he. or the caller of the By- stack: a number of cards, either the number of eleclion. hold in their hands — excluding (b) won at least three Bv-elections; the bid or even less — for he may rely on the number of cabinet ministers specified. (c) hold at least two cabinet ministers (pic­ his partner to make up the number required Thus, if the By-election is Wakkerstroom, ture cards) and one Prime Minister (an with better cards. This rule also applies to requiring a minimum of three cabinet mi­ .nee) in his hand. the bidder and his partner, nisters, and the caller holds nine cards and If a player meets these requirements and -ykr Votes are counted as in the ordinary the bidder eight, then the bid may not chooses to call a General Election, all game — those of each Coalition being exceed "five". (Eight minus the minimum of players must automatically contest it by counted together to determine the winner three cabinet ministers.) This stipulation displaying their hands and having their of the By-election. All the cards that have ensures that contestants will be able to show votes counted. been displayed are then discarded. The the number of cards bid. In a General Election all cards count as caller or bidder from the winning Coalition •A- Once the caller has accepted one of the votes, as do By-elections held by each takes the By-election card from the table, bids, both he and the contestor he has player. The vote count is as follows: and each member of the winning Coalition selected must show and discard the number (a) Cards in hand: picture cards are worth picks up as many cards as he displayed for of cabinet ministers specified on the By- voting purposes. election square. Then the caller first displays 10 000 votes; aces are worth 15,000 votes. a number of cards equal to the number All other cards are worth their face value General Elections: bid and accepted (if the bid accepted was in thousands of votes. "four" he must display four cards), and he (b) By-elections held by a player: each A player must call a General Election on is followed by the contcstor displaying the By-election card is worth the number of his own strength, not on that of the Coali­ same number of cards. votes printed on it. tion. Votes are counted as in the usual game, the total votes for each Coalition T/t In a By-election the cards displayed have How a' General Election is won being put together to determine the winner. the following values (as also set out in the Any nlayer, whether he called the General •yk-As in the normal game, if there are more rules touching the value of cards): than two coalitions, a simple majority over (a) Picture ca:ds or aces arc worth no votes. Election or not, may win it, and thus the game. The winner must have: the next two best coalitions wins, or. if (b) All other cards are worth their face there are only two Coalitions, a two-thirds value in thousands of votes — with suit (a) More votes than the two next best players' vote totals, if there are more than majority is required to win. making no difference. (Thus a two of dia­ i^ The caller of an unsuccessful General monds, like a two of spades, is worth 2,000 two nlayers. votes.) (b) A two-thirds majority, if there are only Election suffers the usual penalties, but his Coalition partner pays no penalty. iic The player with the larger number of two players. votes wins the Bv-elcction. In the event of For sophisticated players a tie, the caller of the By-election is declared The penalty for calling an incon­ the winner. It should be noted that the clusive General Election Private variations of VOTE'S rules are number of cards bid must be displayed by allowed. These may be a forming of both caller and contestor, and should a con­ If a General Election is inconclusive in its Coalitions of unequal si/.e during the game testant not possess enough vote cards he result, the game proceeds with all the when certain conditions (for instance when may include a cabinet minister even though players retaining their cards — except for one player obtains three By-elections) are such a card counts no votes in a By-election. the player who called the General Election. met. Other possibilities are the sale of The penalties he must pay are: By-elections, or the leasing of By-elections The penalty for losing and the bene­ (a) one Prime Minister (an ace); for trespass rental. (b) two cabinet ministers (picture cards or fit of winning a By-election aces); A Uniited number of copies of VOTE. When the winner of a By-election has been (c) two By-election cards. decided holli contestants must discard all «-,' print'jci in tlii': issue of NEWS/ the cards they displayed to contest the By- Coalitions CHECK, are available at the price of election. The loser of the By-election loses If there are four or six nlavers, a variation 20c, post free. Write to NEWS/CHECK, these cards, but the winner has the right to of the game called COALITIONS may be PO Box 25252, Ferreirastown, Johan­ pick up the same amount of cards he dis­ played, two or even three players forming nesburg, sending your crossed postal carded for voting purposes from the pick-ur) partnerships or coalitions. In playing pack. He has thus not lost in his total COALITIONS, each player still retains his order. (PATENT APPLIED FOR)

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 29 Cinite a lot in a cigarette. The thickei the cigarette the slower and cooler it smokes The thicker the cigarette the more tobacco you uet for l)roi)ortionately less jupei ' ."Vh)re tobacco, loss paix'f, more taste, flavonr. Then there's the 'feel' if the cigarette. The tliickei it is the better it handles. It feels i ight in your list and right in youi mouth. That's why. through­ out the world, so many special cigarettes are that little bit thicker than noi-nial. Tliat's why Springbok Seniors ar(> too. Springbok seniors for the man

30 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 A Modest Announcement

It's hard to be modest about a new electronic computer that figures. Its "modular" design means you can add to the system has more input, output and processing capabilities than any as your needs and requirements grow. Buy or rent only what other system in its price range. It's actually a family of completely you need . . . expand when you're ready. To find out more compatible systems. NCR's new 500 series handles many about this unique computer system, call your local NCR office machine languages: punched cards, punched paper tape, or write or 'phone The National Cash Register Company, P.O. magnetic ledger cards; it even optically reads machine printed Box 3591, Johannesburg. Tel.: 724-1611.

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NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 31 T^ETHW slogans havEe been more unREPUBLIC'­ scarcely realised that it was, in fact, preventative detention measures".S To fortunate than the old touristy in the Big League. Race, the post-war no avail. The liberal/left which domi­ cliche: "Southafrica — Land of Con­ world discovered increasingly, was nates so much of the West's public trast". The trouble is that this slogan everybody's Big Business. Southafrica's thinking has a need to make something was so embarrassingly true. For South­ business became everybody's business, like Southafrica its cause. The need, africa was, and to some degree still is, and it helped little to argue, as did too, is far greater than any question of a land of tranquil rurality alongside Foreign Minister Eric Louw for years fact; and the cause is more important bustling city life; a country of moun­ at the UN, that it should not. The than even the people for whom it is tains, wildlife and sun-drenched world was blandly disinterested in that ostensibly fought. Too apparently beaches cheek by jowl with glittering kind of right or wrong; still less in­ would Southafrica's attackers dump modern industries and cities; and most terested in Southafrican accusations of the Republic's rising African into eco­ col(5rfully a country of beaded, 111 quoqiie. nomic chaos, into race conflict, even ankleted black tribal folk while also But Southafrica's mistakes in selling its race war, all for the sake of their cause. containing some of the slickest city problem were of minor consequence It matters not that the Republic's slickers. Still, the selling of these dicho­ compared with the angry campaign Bantu, even in the advancement of tomies abroad neatly turned the un­ launched against it by the world's their political power, are presently known into a puzzle. liberal/left. doing rather well. Sticking nose in. Far worse though was Surely not me? Revelling in his anti- Through a lens, darkly. In fashioning the other side of this tourist's coin — Semitism, Hitler once remarked: "If their kind of image for Southafrica. the political one. For at least two de­ the Jews did not exist, we would have the anti-apartheidlsts have used every cades Southafrica sought to put over to invent them." Likewise, the liberal/ optical device: the telescope to bring its political case by stressing the line: left, in search of a cause to hammer a distant problem nearer, the kaleido­ "Southafrica — Land of Problems." against, has discovered Southafrica. scope to show a tumbling mass of So who's interested in other people's What Spain was in the 1930s, South­ colour, the hall of mirrors to distort. problems? Some people may delight in africa has been in post-war years. "Why In the overseas Press, Southafrica is others' faults—but problems? Far too pick on us?" Southafricans ask in a constantly lambasted as a land of complicated. The rights and wrongs of tone of hurt. "We're not the only tyranny, violence and oppression. In­ the Southafrican situation were far country with a race problem or dis­ tervention, boycotts, sanctions are simpler — and far more intriguing. crimination, we're not the only called for. While Southafrica's And in calling for comfort because it country in which partition makes achievements are belittled or totally had a few paltry problems, Southafrica sense, we're not the only country with ignored, its faults are magnified; and

LAND OP CONTRASTS IXDEED: SASOL OIL PLANT, ZULU AGRICULTURE Race is IN, the race is on

32 NEWS/C:H:CK 12 MARCH 1965 IMAGits friends are made suspects, whileE action against theiABROAr country. But it is ment also turns out radio programmesD, its enemies are canonised. a difficult, exasperating battle. films and a number of publications Deeper considerations. Reading the First in the field is the government's (from the prestigious Panorama and foreign papers with their never-ending own Ministry of Information, headed the rather grey Southafrican Digest to reams of anti-Southafrica stories, their by Frank Waring and masterminded many foreign language local publica­ exploiting of every ugly Southafrican by long-time career diplomat Brand tions and glossy oncers). Spending over incident, hearing interminably just Fourie. A child of the war-time half its budget on publicity services how big the volcano is they sit on, Information Service, a step-child of and publications, the department still Southafricans have cause to be de­ various departments during the Fifties, has money over to bring out foreign pressed. While the blatant fabrications Information only became a fully- visitors (fourteen US journalists are allow them anger and the righteous fledged department in 1961. It has currently touring the country under its question: "Is this us?" and while a offices in all the major cities of the auspices), to put up foreign exhibits, number of world events — from the West (manned by some forty men), to act as a partial clearing house for Congo to the American negro revolt — and they are backed by just over 300 information from other government seem to favour Southafrica, there is people in the Republic. Its budget departments (311 Press statements put far too much punch in the anti-South- currently runs to R3.2m — small, but out last year) and do a public relations africa campaign to permit compla­ up by R400,000 over the previous year. job for the government among the cency. For its tougher manifestations This is still peanuts against the R50m Republic's non-white groups. are the governmental condemnations spent by the British government and It's tough selling Southafrica. The of the Republic, the government level the RI25m spent by the US on Department's overseas officers — its discussions about sanctions, the UN information. Yet gradually the South­ most vital men — are however too resolutions. And behind these looms african Information Service is coming often hamstrung by rigidities from the consideration that it might be into its own, its importance is appreci­ Pretoria, which sometimes cannot politic for the West to cast its prodigal ated more, and it itself is becoming appreciate local foreign conditions son out of the house to placate the somewhat more sophisticated. (says one pro-government SAID-man: Afro-Asians. The avalanche. Information sees its "If Pretoria knew in what liberal terms Into the breach. Southafricans have main job as the churning out of a I have had to put our case overseas, long decided that something must be flood of factual and policy data. Every I would be sacked") and also by sheer done to combat their bad image day of the week its overseas officers lack of money — too few men to do abroad which, if allowed to grow receive a 2,500 word news bulletin by such a big job. Too often has much unchecked, could ultimately lead to radio-telex from Pretoria. The depart­ effort been spent on merely answering 1 1 £'» IIL||LLlljUpmi^. ^^^ jgpng.-ji!y wiMiflU'fnBr- ^^1^1

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MORE CONTRASTS: KNP MONS, JOHANNESBURG PEAKS And more than meets the tourist's eye

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NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 attacks, correcting distortions, and the dation is well-equipped for its job of tion.) And this brings up the question anguished plea: "You must understand fostering goodwill towards the Repub­ whether the Foundation is a perma­ that we have a problem." But lic. Its members travel, act as un­ nent thing or merely a temporary body here things are changing as well. The official ambassadors, and talk to those to step in the breach while Southafrica department has for some time swung who influence government. Thus it is so hotly attacked from abroad. Says round to plugging Southafrica's claims to have done yeoman service de Guingand: "The Foundation has a cheerier economy, to accentuating in clipping the wings of the sanctions great and permanent role to play, both positive achievements. campaign as witnessed by last week's in the country and overseas. For it is The other garment. On a different inconclusive UN report on the matter. the one organisation which transcends plane — and a potentially more effec­ And the best example of this business party political barriers and enables tive one — is the other organisation diplomacy is the Foundation's chair­ people to get together and talk rooting for the Republic: the South- man, Sir Francis de Guingand, who in together." africa Foundation. For the Founda­ recent months, for instance, has got Coming closer. For Southafrica this tion, with nothing like the money at around to talking to such leaders as fact is indeed unique. And in gathering the department's disposal (the Founda­ Harold Wilson, Alec Douglas-Home. its committees, in setting out to present tion's budget runs to R250,000 a year) Canadian PM Lester Pearson, Malay­ all shades of opinion to foreign visitors, has one signal advantage over it — its sia's Tunku Abdul Rahman and New the Foundation has brought together activities and publications do not bear Zealand's PM Keith Holyoake about Southafricans whom many would be an official imprimitur, are thus not so Southafrica. surprised to see around the same table. easily ignored as "propaganda". Says Sir Francis, typically: "One must As such the Foundation is very much A fortnight ago the Foundation held always be an optimist, always be the child of the times. For throughout its fifth annual meeting, and the ready for a break — and ready to Southafrica, largely as a result of country's top, blue-chip businessmen exploit it." That is what the Foun­ foreign pressure, there is a new enthu­ who have sponsored and boosted this dation is doing—stressing the import­ siasm for the country. And the corol­ unique organisation could look with ance of Southafrican trade to coun­ lary of this is that Southafricans some pride to its achievements. For tries in parlous economic circumstances should get together to answer their not only has the Foundation become like Britain, bringing home the point critics abroad. In fact, the existence of an effective high level lobby overseas of Southafrican industrial potential to the Foundation tells as much about — its lenders talking turkey to ranking expansion-minded American and Ger­ the Republic's changing public opinion business and government men in the man business men — and bringing as it does about the need to sell West and arguing for a saner approach them to Southafrica. Southafrica abroad. to Southafrica among the people that One and only. In terms of what other Forward surge. Since early days South­ count — but in its own right it has countries do about their image abroad, africans have usually felt far more helped change some important South- the Southafrica Foundation is truly passionate about who should rule their africans' own approach to their something unique. No other country country than the country itself. For country. For it does represent, and has has had men come together in a many who wished to foster wider drawn to it, all that is optimistic and similar patriotic exercise, and, reports Commonwealth loyalties, Southafrican go-ahead in the Republic's business Foundation trustee Jan Marais, busi­ patriotism — and likewise the need community. nessmen in several other countries to put Southafrica's point to the world Quiet contact. Standing for the South- have felt that just such an organisa­ — was something to be deprecated; african wirtschaftswiinder at a time tion would be an excellent means to and deprecate they did. For others, when the world is gaining new aware­ advance their nations' interests. (Some patriotism meant Us Alone, of a nesses about economic development Rhodesians are actually considering special narrow brand. But today the and the potential of trade, the Foun­ setting up a Foundation-type organisa­ chances of wider Commonwealth

BANTU PAST, BANTU FUTURE: COUNTRY FAMILT, CITY LIBRARIAN Rather less talked about

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 35 Press — something more important in the long run — then these men must be left be. It is also only too obvious that the burden of the anti-South- Making ends meet african campaign in Britain is being carried by a number of disgruntled ex- Approximately 5% of all new-born Southafricans who see outside inter­ infants display signs of jaundice within vention as the only hope for their two or three days of birth. The ideas to prevail. Maintains Founda­ jaundiced condition can usually be tion Director Louis Gerber: "We, like traced to blood disorders — Rh in- other nations, must learn that politics compatability, ABO group incompat- stop at the water's edge. Only then ability or premature birth; but occa­ SAID'S WARING, FOCBIIi sionally the condition is caused by the More cash than kudos can we present to the world a credible image of our national aspirations." non-development of the bile duct in loyalties have gone, and Afrikaans Growing up. Southafricans themselves the liver. Usually present among the Southafrica needs allies. Southafrica at must also learn to take a more mature symptoms is a phenomenally high last sees a need for standing together. view of their outside image. Says Bill Bilirubin* count of 20-30 (average is The pattern of the Foundation's sup­ Yeowart, London Director of the up to three) and the child rarely lives port illustrates this well. At first the Foundation: "Southafricans should not longer than eight weeks. Foundation was urgently attacked by be on the defensive, hypersensitive — However, recent developments in the Left, which felt that it was merely or arrogant. They should approach Southafrica may have signposted the standing in for the Nationalist govern­ this matter in a sane and sensible way to a possible method of over­ ment, and no opportunity was lost to way." And Southafricans, just like the coming the problem. With the under­ decry the Foundation and all its Americans discovering the world two development of the bile duct, the bile works. Latterly, however, English- decades ago, after years of isolation, remains in the liver and begins to speaking Southafrica has not been are far too sensitive about their posi­ destroy it. The solution is to lead the taking its lead from the Left so much, tion. Hence all the talk about bile off through the lymphatic duct. and English backing for the Founda­ problems. They are sadly defensive as The lymphatic duct, which normally tion has risen considerably, even to well. In putting their case, they have leads into the blood stream, is joined enthusiasm. Natal, which once held always allowed their enemies to choose onto the oesophagus, thus allowing out, is now coming through. the ground. The Republic's attackers the bile to reach its normal destination, And from the right. Afrikaners, in the talk endlessly about Race, but not though by a longer route. The method beginning, were solid supporters of the everything in Southafrica is Race, and holds promise, although the first Foundation, but last year, when the only recently has Southafrica started patient treated in this manner died Foundation launched its personal building a counter-image of a country after three months because of a block­ membership campaign, some right- bursting out with industrial energy. age in the lymphatic duct. Had the wingers began to feel that too much Likewise, Southafrica's main source of child not been treated, however, it getting together in common patriotism attack has long been Britain, and so would certainly not have survived even was dangerous. So from this quarter, the Republic has concentrated its as long as it did. too, the Foundation was attacked. counter-attacks there — quite oblivious Foreign talk. Even though the main of the US and its far greater import­ job for the image-builders is outside ance. Both the Foundation and the Filling in the puzzle Southafrica, the source of their prob­ Information Ministry have very much Cancer researchers are currently lems still lies partly at home — in the neglected America: defensive attitudes unanimous on at least one issue: there Republic's own divisions, in its own draw too much of their money to these areas. Thus, the link has been re­ hotly-felt politics. Thus in spite of the Britain. vealed between cancer of the lung and millions spent by the Information Changed attitude. Yet growing in the is no single cause of the disease. This Minister and the Foundation, their being so, statistics of occurrence in influence is still far less than that of Republic is a new feeling: why worry about the outside world, as long as specific areas with particular a handful of local newspaper corres­ phenomena help to track down causes pondents who have made careers out things do not go too far? There is something healthy in this view, for it for the specific dominant cancers of of attacking Southafrican policies. But cigarette smokers in industrial areas; if the Republic is to retain a free speaks of a new Southafrican confi­ dence. But the Republic has still got between Burkitt's lymphoma in parts something to sell — its great industrial of Africa and certain mosquitos which opportunities, tourism and the possi­ live there; between stomach cancer in bilities for immigration; and these it India and betel-nut chewing; between should keep on selling, for the selling mesothelioma (a tumour attacking the can only benefit Southafrica. lungs of asbestos workers) and the Most of all, Southafrica should stop victims' working conditions. Two selling its problem, and in building weeks ago, this list possibly grew its image abroad it should not be so further at a symposium of experts obsessed with its tribal bucolism and convened by the CSIR and the Agri­ charming contrasts. For the new and culture Department. dominant image of Southafrica is that Nothing jelled. It has long been of a modern, exciting industrial state. known that there was a high African All other images are subsidiary. It is incidence of liver cancer, particularly time Southafrica saw this point — and among Africans of West and Southern •The breakdown of red cells liberating FOU.VDATIO\S DE GUIVGA.VD, GERBER itself in a far brighter light. That very haemoglobin which is metabolised into the Much with Utile light will correct its image abroad. blood stream.

36 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 196S 1^ /nB-mre, cw ^"Si^ •me. cot/' i*'/THMipi

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3S NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 Africa. Hepatoma is, for example, even more damaging substances were 100 times higher in Southafrica than isolated from these fungi. Although Disasters of over-confidence in Denmark, eight times higher still humans themselves have not been In the days when venereal disease in Mozambique. Genetic causes were subjected to the research, Dr Alfred was the scourge of Europe, the pox ruled out: fellow-tribesmen in different Oettle, head of the Cancer Research was both a loathed and dreaded disease areas showed too great a variation. Unit of the Cancer Association of and a national reproach. Sixteenth Could a combination of malnutrition, Southafrica, presented a paper to the century England disdainfully called it hilharzia and infectious jaundice be symposium on the application of this the Spanish Disease. Returning the the cause? Egypt has just this com­ research to human beings. It made compliment, Spaniards knew it as the bination, but hepatoma is rare. Mal­ the following points. English Disease. Since then, these nourished Greece does not suffer Tk Aspergillus requires high humidity stringent attitudes have grown a lot either, but Mali and Niger do, al­ for growth — hepatoma has a high laxer. More than anything else, the though bilharzia there is rare. All incidence in areas with this humidity. antibiotics of the last two decades, in breakthrough theories seemed to lead * Especially if it is stored in the providing a quick cure, have quelled to dead ends. typical African primitive silo, grain the dread of infection. But ground- Acting on a hunch. Four years ago, can easily be contaminated with the lessly, reports an expert committee of a pathologist at Baragwanath's SA fungus. the World Health Organisation. A Institute of Medical Research took a -k There is a high degree of correlation WHO survey published last month deep breath and started again. Work­ between the incidence of liver cancer reveals that the incidence of syphilis ing on a hunch based on reported and areas where such storage is in every continent has been climbing cases from Japan where liver cancer practised. since 1957. Quite the worst hit is followed the ingestion of an ill-defined T*r The incidence of cancer decreases Africa: in 23 of the 29 African coun­ food contaminant, he went off on a when fresh (ie, likely to be uncon- tries studied, syphilis was found to be different tack from his predecessors. taminated) grain is available. on the increa.se. Ten of them also reported an increase in gonorrhoeal in­ fection, and in parts of Africa the report noted reservoirs of the disease which stubbornly resisted eradication. Acting against the cure. Reasons for this recrudescence are manifold, suggests the committee. Firstly, the existence of antibiotics has caused a casual approach to the affliction which has resulted in promiscuity and delays in seeking treatment. Secondly, since syphilis is predominantly an urban disease, the flow of migrant workers to and from the cities has helped to spread it. And thirdly, the strict sex mores of earlier times have given way in many societies to looser standards and "freer" association. As the report points out, increasingly rapid travel by large number of people — civilians, soldiers and sailors SWAZI SILO IN BARBERTOK — has left its mark in recent years. Aspersions on Aspergillus Africa has had its share of troop movements in the last decade, and a Dismissing, through research, the -k The picture is not improved by the study of one merchant navy showed possibility that jaundice had caused liking that some tribes have for that one member in five became in­ the particular (postnecrotic) scarring of mouldy grain as a variation in diet. fected each year. Moreover, many an the liver which preceded liver cancer, Slowly, .slowly. On this showing, executive has brought home VD with he theorised that a dietary toxin was mycotoxins as cancer-causing agents him by air line. Even the abolition of to blame, intimated his suspicions to in the liver sound highly likely. recognised prostitution in many coun­ the Agricultural Control Board and It has still to be proved up to the tries has not helped the position, since called for an investigation. The Board hilt; and whether previous liver "enthusiastic amateurs" have, in many and the CSIR, roping in the National damage is a predisposing factor has cases, replaced officially-tolerated Nutrition Research Institute, the yet to be settled. Proof given, there National Chemical Research Labora­ must ensue the more difficult task of prostitutes who were subject to con­ tory and the Microbiology Research preventing fungus contamination. trol. Even homosexuals, says the Unit, probed into the pathologist's Adequate legislation prevents the sale report, are not immune. suggestion. Last month's symposium of such grain, but the offence to tribal A long way to go. The publication deployed all this fact-gathering. custom, the difficulty of tracking down of these facts gives no joy to liber­ Good grub maybe bad grub. Main affected food — and all on mere sus­ tines, and even less to WHO and the lines of the research were the exam­ picion — prevent immediate action. other more localised bodies which ination of grain and legume fungi and Meanwhile, even the possibility that have to cope with the problem. But Iheir effects on animals. Aflatoxin, fungus can cause cancer creates a at least those whose task it is to con­ early isolated from the fungus Asper­ savage irony, for it was from fungi tain the spread of venereal disease gillus flavus, was sure enough found that the 20lh century's great life saver now know how far they have still to damage animal livers and later — penicillin — sprang. to go.

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 39 .^iLuUi

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40 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH I96S PRESS - - - " Glossy in the garden on the strength of sales. The vital bustle behind Fair Lady, From a long period of preparation. however, is provided by editor Jane Fair Lady this month emerged like Raphaely, belter known as Capetown Eliza from her squashed cabbage PR-woman Jane Mullins. With her leaves — in style. Like Miss Doolittle are only a small (four-strong) perma­ too. Fair Lady's elegant but somewhat nent staff. However, contributing dated garb concealed a far more writers can be used effectively. modest, if worthwhile, reality. For First and last. Fair Lady has no while this newest of Southafrican ambitions to be anything but South­ women's magazines tries to combine african, and all articles are of the classy with-it-ness of the South­ definitely local flavour. But while african Tatter with the more homely the high-class printing operates in appeal of Femina, at 10c it beats both. favour of international-standard photo But most notably. Fair Lady is the features (the first issue has an excel­ RE\IK\V I.VSERTKRS WOUKINC first venture into the lucrative English- lent picture spread of Balmain models A(;AI.NST TIME language women's magazine tield by at Count Labia's Muizenberg Fort), 120 Ions of effort an Afrikaans publishing firm. The stories are still affUcted with the paro­ well. An advertising agency ordered brainchild of Nasionale Pers Bpk chial syndrome. Magazines, however, 1,700 copies to be sent to a private manager Hubert Coetzee, Fair Lady exist mainly to make money, not to list of companies, and a local firm follows the successful footsteps of cultivate the taste of their readers. asked for 250 copies for clients. But NPB's other publications, the Afri­ the kudos did not come easily. kaans journals Sarie Marais and Huis- Getting it out. After much planning i^enoot. With Sarie Marais' circula­ A sign of the times (going back to more than a year ago), tion up around 95,000 and Huis- copy for the review started flowing genoot'% over 140,000, it is not sur­ It had all the makings of a newsboy's in last December. The type was set up prising that NPB have not altered a nightmare. Late last month vendors of over the New Year, and towards the winning formula for the new English the Cape Times' Saturday edition were end of January Aschman began the counterpart: Fair Lady glitters with struggling under the bulkiest (76 three-week task of making up the NPB's rotogravure colour. pages, 20 ozs) issue ever printed in pages. By February 18 all forty pages Ladies... Banking on the mix being as the paper's 89-year history. For it of the Review had been printed on attractive to English as Afrikaans contained, besides the usual magazine the Times' new R330,000 Crabtree-Hoe women. Fair Lady's initial printing supplement, a forty-page insert review­ rotary press. Next day, Friday, at 10 ran to an optimistic 118,000. And ing the Southafrican economy in grand am, an army of extra helpers began sales have justified the optimism. At style. inserting the magazine supplement into the Review. But they soon proved present the 112-page magazine has While economic supplements are unable to cope with the job and more an advertising content of only about regular fatteners of Southafrican news­ were obtained from the Labour Bureau. 25% to pay its way; but editor-in- papers, this one had a new push Even the press room was temporarily chief Fred le Roux hopes to boost it behind it. Explains Managing Editor converted with trestle tables to handle before long to a more normal 50% George Aschman: "Our aim was to the overflow. By 9 pm that night, the appeal to those people who are policy­ last magazine had been inserted; makers in their departments — mining during the eleven hours, almost 100 finance, industry, commerce — and inserters had been kept busy. Two the country's legislators." So out went hours later the process began again as the review of the economy not only to the main news section of the paper airlady the Times' regular readers but in a started rolling off the presses and the special mailing also to politicians, magazine plus the Review had to be business leaders and trade representa­ IT'S k filRl! inserted into it. The finished product tives. A number were sent to top HORN TlirS MOMH used up nearly 120 tons of newsprint IND FRBTTY London financiers and financial editors (63 tons for the Review alone). as well. FAIK lADV IS Weighty message. This bulk caused Fill. Oh F4SH10N Scanning wealth. Backed by high level the Times a further problem. Because AV» fICTIO.N contributors (SANLAM's Dr M. S. of the doubling of weight, scores of NBVS AMI VIEWS Louw, the IDC's E. S. Fleming, BEAirV extra newsboys had to be taken on, ,4X11 HIBVCAKE SASOL's Etienne Rousseau, the OK since each could only carry half the sraniHwonK Bazaar's Sam Cohen) and with UCT's normal number of papers. In turn AMI KNiniNG Ralph Horwitz as a consultant, the extra staff and delivery vans had to GOCin COOKlSfi Review set out to paint an overall be pressed into service by the CNA. C(HID ADVlCli. Sl'fiAH AMI SPICE picture of the richness and bouyancy The Review brought the Times many AND of the Southafrican economy — mov­ a headache and meant a lot of extra All. faiSGS MCE ing through topics like the money work, but looking to its result (so market, textiles, petro-chemicals, the good that it is planned as an annual motor industry. "An excellent and feature) Aschman merely sighs constructive review," commented Plan­ with pleasure: "Sixty-three tons of NEW MAGAZINE, FIRST COVER ning Minister Jan Haak. It drew an goodwill." Not for Ascotonians enthusiastic response from others as

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42 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 196S ing the lithographs over nails, string ART or anything else handy, to make the paper give him the surface he can so Love can be tieaven-or hell Picasso (84) to comparative youngster easily manipulate in paint. If Picasso Gal.cia (35), the six include between flirts, Tapies' affair with his medium As a sideline to their big stuff, the these brackets Miro (72), Clave (52), is a long acrimonious argument in profitability and portability of graphic Vilacasas (45) and Tapies (42), a which neither wins. art has tempted most modern artists group of four famous-to-well-knowns, Ricn and embroidered. Clave does not into the field, and once bitten by the with two obscurities. bother to flirt or tussle, but wallows litho, etching, silk-screen or whatever A sort of Don Juan. Honours in the in the richness of texture that litho­ bug, artists rarely shake themselves encounter with reproducible media go graph gives, hangs it around a form free again. The love affair between an of course to Picasso. There are only that is usually big and furnished with artist and metal plate, stone, block of five graphics by him here and all show spikes: the rectangular face of a king wood or even humble lino can develop him in a happy, almost flirtatious with his crown, a fat fish with jagged into anything from a marriage of mood with a technique. A fat blue-line jaw (see cut). His black is played convenience to a kind of Jacob/Angel dove with a sprig of green leaves; against dazzling reds, tobacco browns, wrestling bout. another dove, rich with plumage as an imperial purple. There is a Spanish Tavern of the see-ers. In a haphazard any baroque church front is with streak in all of this. Faintly it sets up way, a great many of these states of moulded stucco work; a deliberately an echo of the jolly grotesquerie of emotion are displayed in an exhibition absurd human figure; a bull dark Velasquez dwarfs, sadness fallen away, of graphics at Johannesburg's Whipp­ with the ambiguities of a cave paint­ garments sombrely splendid. man's Gallery. The collection is ing — these lithographs have an im­ image of our times. The Miros dis­ dependent on Whippman's personal mediacy of gesture like throwing back appoint. Their fussy textures destroy taste (and presumably his nose for a glass of wine. A bacchanale in the old Miro image of a marvellously what has a reasonable chance of linocut — the medium children wrestle clever child who, with tongue gripped Southafrican sale) and does more to with — is even simpler, lines carved between his teeth, produced bright please the eye than make any kind of from a block, and the block printed heads and suns and animals. Galicia special point. There are mixed delights: buff on a black background. The hopes that enough colour piled up a sonorous Picasso still-life, an result {see cut) has fat and voluptuous will amount to something. It never heraldic cock by Lurcat, a chirruping figures whose pagan pleasurings does. Chagall, an elegaic palace by Carzou, distort the whole landscape into lush Viiacasas concentrates on things which a structure of black sticks against an curves. he calls Planiiiu'trui. not titled but apple green sky. The impression is of Paper ain't paint. Nothing could be in austerely numbered like books in a a bistro full of artists with their braces greater contrast with this casual Dewey catiilogue. Printing etched showing, relaxed, not at full burst. success than the graphics by Tapies. plates over one another, he achieves a Six on a seesaw. More serious, pur­ Master of the textural surface, of kind of aerial view of a town, dotted poseful and concentrated is the exhi­ blanknesses that crack and are dented with mysterious buildings, threaded bition of graphics by six Spanish like handsome old walls, he is forced with strange thoroughfares, oddly artists, which closed last week at the into substitutions when making a contoured, burst into by creeks and Pretoria Art Museum, and which is lithograph. Flat blacks, for example, bays and inlets. Paradoxically, these next to be exhibited in Durban. surrounded by black scumblings must totally abstract pieces achieve most Spanish by birth all of them may have suggest the contrast of mirror-smooth familiarity. Picasso is pagan. Clave been, but the international style has lacquer and bubbled tar which would regal, Miro and Tapies fail interest­ eliminated any nationality. be natural in the painting. It does not ingly, Galicia dully, but to look at Fortunately it has eliminated no per­ come off, and there is a kind of exas­ Vilacasas, is suddenly to be at home sonal flavour. Ranging from oldster peration in Tapies' attempts, by print­ in one's own century.

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NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 ENTERTAINMENT

SPECTACIE -k Three ballet sketches (music — names again — by Milhaud, Chabrier, Paris when it fizzles Rossini). Zizi's dancing is the kind Zizi Jeanmaire, Yves Saint-Laurent, that fills the stage with chorines who Roland Petit, even, in the programme, can dance on the points, have beautiful a chunk of breathless prose by Jean arabesques, are great on entrechats, Cocteau — "France's Exciting Stage and show that none of this is really Musical Extravaganza" Zizi has names necessary. Does a ballerina, standing all right. It was all too much for poised on one pointed foot, point the Johannesburg's critics and their re­ other? Not a darn — pointing the one action was a rash of arch Gallicisms. foot she keeps the other at right-angles Unfortunately, so was the show. to her leg. On the other hand, if the Lost: the grip. If this sort of thing chorus line do the Twist, they do it doesn't grip its audience in the first on points in a version of practice MAIUIN I\ "THE KILLERS" half hour, it's lost. By 9.15, 45 minutes costume. Just time to die after curtain up, what Zizi had shown That sort of thing. Few live up to it. Universal's The was: ir A ballet by Georges Simenon Killers does just that. The opening has * Jeanmaire doing the well-known called La Chambre (sub-title: L'lnspec- the killers walk coldly and purpose­ imitation of a French singer that all leur Maii^ret liiil). This has a young fully through the happy chatter of a Frenchmen (and women) equate with nudish man dying in ballet/Police blind school to a classroom and there singing. This consists of growling, pre­ College gymnast style. Enter to the shoot down the teacher in cold blood. ferably in argot and naturally about corpse, les flics. They take photo­ Though the teacher can see and guesses I'aniour, into a microphone held too graphs, fingerprints and their leave. what it is they have come for, he close. It is important that gestures like L'Inspecteur is now alone on the stage neither bothers to escape nor to argue, holding the face between both palms and enter to him Jeanmaire as a Bad but takes the bullets calmly. What (female) or fists (male), like stretching Woman. She seduces him (the Police teases the senior killer is: why? the arms north and south, like rolling College influence very strong here) No love for Johmiy. The answer is the eyes something ferocious, be and he undresses tastefully so that unfolded in a series of long flashbacks. added. It is also essential that the when she vanishes, he is able to die It appears that the teacher was racing- singer be bizarrely dressed. looking just like the original young driver Johnny North, who had become Jeanmaire is nicely dressed. man. mixed up in a million dollar holdup Cyclic. Get it? and had got away with the loot. He had Les plumes de ma tante. By this time also got mixed up with a superb the audience does not know whether female, the kind that sends simple car it is on its head or its highbrows, so drivers crazy. Her he had not got away to reassure them, just before interval with, and it was her betrayals that had there is (at last and about time) a touch made him indifferent to the killers, not of the advertised extravaganza. In a the loss of the money. Still after the number called Quaii on Toast with loot, the killers track it down to the girl and her keeper, and in a Webster- Pink Champagne, everyone gets into ian finale, the older killer (his junior feathers, and Jeanmaire naturally gets having already been shot) kill off both into more feathers than anyone else, girl and keeper, only to stagger away appearing in an admittedly fetching and die himself in a fluttering heap of mountain of plumes. greenbacks. Essentially what is wrong is that much that could have been successful in a Raising Cain. The story is just enough tiny cabinet lies thin on the ground to maintain interest, though by its late in a huge theatre's bloated stage space. stages, everyone knows what has hap­ Practically all the songs would benefit pened and is 90% likely to happen by eliminating the mike, and the better next. What gives the film its distinction things of the ballet (a scintillating are the performances of Lee Marvin snippet in which three voung men on and Clu Gulager as the killers. They chairs send up the Charleston, for create a still, cold world where violence instance) need a stage which focuses equals efficiency and no more. It is a on the dancers. And where the troupe world apart and such ordinary things enter into competition with the Moulin as one sees them doing (enjoying a Rouge, they lose hands down, because good steak, the younger one's pre­ the truth is that cirls trained to stand occupation with body-building, prac­ around and exhibit look a lot nicer tised in hotel rooms) are oddly distur­ than girls with muscles for complicated bing. There is a nice distinction be­ movements . tween them. Marvin as the older has the thing worked to a mechanical eco­ CINEMA nomy, Gulager as the young one is keen but still new enough to enjoy the JEANMAIRE AS/IN ZIZI Opening for cold, bright men work. In short -- and this is the spine- By 9.15 it's loo hilc Most thrillers get off to a good start. chilling thing — killing is a recognised

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 45 profession, and one with certain ad­ Seekers are as built for teenagers and film worth looking at over approxi­ vantages. Like, for example, the oppor­ their dreams as Givenchy is for Audrey mately twenty. Thing in this sort of tunity of picking up a million dollars Hepburn. film is to get the girls to have as many here and there, over and above, of Takes two to tangle. Anyone who re­ feet as possible in as many camps as course, the rate for the job. members Three Coins in the Fountain possible, from jolly rural locales to will recognise that Seekers is really an the jet-set world to as ancien a regime Velasqueexe almost straight steal. Three unmarried as can be managed. American girls living in Spain are after En route a lot of country can be taken There are certain films best seen on husbands. One meets a nobleman with in. Coins' aristocrat took his would-be Saturday afternoons, when the teen­ a Reputation, and somehow quells seducee off to Venice — Tony Fran- agers thicken the air with their cries. him (and his mother, usually more ciosa takes Pamela Tiffin to Toledo, 20th Century Fox's The Pleasure difficult) with untouched-by-human- (thereby incidentally providing the Seekers is one of them. They greet the hand artlessness. Another falls for one offest-tasting scene of the film, in songs, embarrassing saccharine or of the locals — in this case a Spanish which he smooches her while she is nouveau-MMonroe as most of them doctor — and overcomes the well- explaining what St Augustine and Jesus are, with ironic applause, wolf-whistle known scruples of European men are doing in El Greco's Burial of whenever one of the film's three about marrying American girls, rich Count Orgaz). Andre Lawrence takes heroines appears in brief, bang paper or just assumed to be. (Barbara Hutton Ann-Margret to a fishing village; Carol bags when the love-making gets too should hear about this.) The third is Lynley's boss merely tries to take her novelettish. It says much for the film's in love with her boss, but unlike Coins. to bed. mild enjoyabihty that they are silent Seekers has her marry his assistant. Do all three get husbands? In spite of for long stretches. Not surprising One sees why — the boss is married to all the Velasquez and El Greco, this really — the three girls who inhabit Gene Tierney, the only female in the isn't an art film, so of course they do. SUMMER SMS l%c^a^ ...

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The largest selling Scotch In Scotland. Willard PNBa73«.S(s) The battery with the longest guarantee NEWS/CHECK U MARCH 1965 the bell, Toweel stormed out of his SPORT • — - • comer and carried the fight to his adversary. After an initial setback, Ludick settled down to long-range Tile slow climb Despite the lethargy that affected this boxing, keeping Toweel at bay whSe year's circuit, Southafrican officials Cliff Drysdale and England's Christine he sized up this new opponent — a are bouncing with enthusiasm — for completely different fighter from the Truman are the new Southafrican another reason. Tobacco King Anton tennis singles champions. But few one who had been put down in the Rupert's Sports Foundation has come third round in their last encounter. seem to care, for amateur tennis is to the rescue with liberal funds to experiencing a depressing slump However, the surprise ending was not enable three promising youngsters, to be, as Ludick paced himself care­ throughout the world, and in South- Bokkie Niemand, Patrick Cramer and africa the malady is just as prevalent. fully through the twelve rounds, Raymond Moore, to go to Europe this occasionally mixing it with Toweel Not for years has there been so little year with the official Davis Cup team. enthusiasm among the general public when the latter felt that way inclined, And further money has been made but otherwise content to stay at arm's as for this year's National Champion­ available to enable the SALTU to ships at Johannesburg's Ellis Park. length and box the night away. To hire the legendary 1954 Wimbledon give Toweel credit, he had recovered Crowds were moderate to poor for all Champion Jaroslav Drobny for a but the last day, and even then no-one some of his old form but the knock-out three-week period as the Davis Cup punch could find no opening. And so was turned away for lack of space. team coach. Some blame the Southafrican Lawn an era comes to an end. For with Tennis Union for moving the nationals A good cause. It will probably still be Frazer Toweel's failure to wrest the forward from the traditional Easter many years before Southafrica has the welterweight crown from Ludick, the holidays to coincide with the end of talent to challenge for tennis' greatest stock of Toweels, who have given the Hullett's round-the-coast circuit, team prize, but it is at least moving Southafrican fight fans so many and so catch the overseas players in the right direction. Thanks to memorable occasions, has mn dry. before they wing off for the European Hullett's and Rupert's generosity, On to bigger things. For Ludick, the season. But the real fact is that South- Southafrican circuits will acquire some path to the top has opened wide. Next africa, like most other nations, sadly standing, and players are getting ex­ on the programme for the Vereeniging lacks dynamic amateur tennis person­ perience and coaching both at home southpaw is England's Brian Curvis alities. All the great stars have leapt and abroad. It is just possible that on April 3, and after that a crack at on to the golden bandwagon of pro­ before long another Eric Sturgess may Italy's Sandro Mazzinghi, World fessionalism, and once the pros have emerge out of the pack. Junior Middleweight Champion. The been around, the remainders look like coming expenditure of all this blood, pit-pat stuff. Rod Laver was the last sweat and toil has a point for Ludick: great amateur, and his successor, Roy in the not so distant future he must Emerson, hardly commands a flicker climb into the ring with World Welter­ of attention. And none of the visitors weight title-holder Emile Griffith. who competed in this year's South­ african tournaments caused any rush of blood to people's heads. Sliuffling for position Making do. Drysdale was not seeded in this year's singles and he had a Southafricans love throwing their tough path to the final before he weight around — in the strictest sport­ finally put out Spain's Juan Couder ing sense. For many years, the fans 1-6. 6-3, 1-6, 7-6. But with the contro­ have turned up in their thousands in versial Abe Segal now over the hill, cities and dorps around the land to Drysdale is generally recognised as see local heroes put "half-nelsons", Southafrica's best player. He won seven "surfboards" and "hammer-locks" on titles in a row last season, only to fall professional wrestlers imported by to Segal in the National singles semi­ promoters like the late Henry Irslinger finals. However, his fluctuating form and Bull Hefer. Moreover, by throwing held fast last week in his 2J-hour men from different language or ethnic duel with Couder, who had won his groups into the ring so that politics previous six matches at Ellis Park. give extra kicks, the promoters build New hope. At one stage in her career a surefire box-office attraction. And Christine Truman seemed certain to TOWEEL, AND LUDICK POST-FIGHT what if the matches are fixed? Point be crowned queen of Wimbledon at Bak now for Brian is, from this kind of show wrestling the age of seventeen. But she failed in devotees get plenty of action and ex­ the final test, and for a couple of citement as bodies writhe and whirl, years all but drifted out of the world A dream fades limbs clutch and crash, eyes pop and tennis scene through poor form and There was an air of quiet desperation larynxes strain. recurring back trouble. Now over her in boxer Frazer Toweel's comer this While show wrestling has long ruled hard times, she served notice on Maria week as he prepared to tackle Welter­ the roost, the less spectacular amateurs Bueno and Margaret Smith last Satur­ weight Champion Willie Ludick for have taken a back seat. Usually day as she polished off Southafrica's the third and possibly the last time. evenly matched and paired off in strict No 1 seed Annette van Zyl in 45 The fighting Toweels knew only too weight categories, amateurs do not minutes, 6-3, 6-2, and in the process well that it was now or never for resort to gimmicks, rely rather on a gave herself a welcome psychological Frazer, 27, who was still smarting good eye, quick reflexes, experience boost for the forthcoming European from his ignominious defeat at and patience. Amateur adversaries season. Ludick's hands in April last year. With often weigh each other up for several

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48 KEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 minutes without making a move, issuing only the occasional (but un- iiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii theatrical) grunt or groan. LIVING Muscle import Recently, however, the amateurs have been pulling in the CUSTOMS year. UCT students are instructed: crowds again, thanks mainly to the "Brutality or vulgarity will n»t be enterprising Southafrican Amateur Getting to know you tolerated ... No childish or undigni­ Wrestling Federation. The limitations Buttons, bows, bow-ties, name-tags — fied or time-wasting practices are to imposed by the Olympic ban have one of these or all of these are the be resorted to." Limited initiation decided the SAAWF on the next best insignia of new inmates at a university consists of freshers answering a roll thing — the import and export of residence. Worn with embarrassment call every morning, wearing distinctive wrestling teams. Recent visitors were by the newcomers, seniors point out ties or bows, a different colour for the powerful West German team, who that the identification marks are in each residence, and placards bearing literally tied the Springboks in knots their own interest, helping seniors get their names, hometowns, and proposed for the first two matches of their three- to know them and helping them know courses of study. Test series. But with three Germans one another. And this new serious "Mild" activities at the University of laid up through injuries, the visitors attitude towards initiation or "orienta­ the Witwatersrand include a concert were held to a satisfactory 4-4 draw in tion" or "integration" as it is now given by freshers and freshettes, and their final bout at Pretoria's City an exchange dinner. At this function Hall. the freshettes go over to the men's Well pleased with their showing, the residence, where they are lined up and SAAWF have no cause to regret looked over by the senior men, who spending the big money which inter­ then take their choices in to the meal. national lours entail. What is more, Freshers suffer a similar fate at the further air ticket cheques are to be hands of senior women. As Wits tradition dictates, freshmen have also written, starting with a June trip to to be taken by a secret and devious to the World Championships in route to make the acquaintance of Manchester by a Southafrican team, Phineas, a mascot of great importance followed by a month-long swing- to the university. But highlight of around through West Germany. orientation is "Fresher's Flick". New New throws for old. Southafrican girls attired in bathtowel-dresses and amateur wrestling still has a long way shower caps with teeth blackened out to go. "We really must gain a good get escorted to a film at the Great Hall deal more experience to become a by new men wearing jackets turned top-flight wrestling nation," says inside out, odd shoes and socks and SAAWF President Arthur Foster. He funny headgear. The men are intro­ is mindful, too, of the parting words duced to their respective partners by of West German trainer Jean Foldeak: having to kiss their toes and present "You have outstanding material here, them with large bouquets of kakiebos. but you must learn new holds, new They then all form a procession and throws." Already adept at counter­ march through Braamfontein and back ing world political opinion, South- to the university to see the worst film africans should not find this too that can be found for them. difficult. WITS INTEGR.^TIOV Yea, Tucs. In olden days, Pretoria Don't interfere with tlieir sleep University's first years or "lenks" used called, is characteristic of Southafrican to be seen running down Church street Move over for Big Daddy universities. All have had a serious in diapers as part of their initiation. At Johannesburg's Kyalami circuit last rethink on the high jinks of time-hal­ During the ten-day orientation period week, brute force proved the victor lowed initiation practices, which have men always wore suits and women as Rhodesian John Love growled at times even resulted in initiates long dresses, white socks and pigtails, around the circuit at an average 93.2 packing their bags and leaving in designed to make them look as un­ mph to walk away with the Rand protest (as did fifteen of the 42 new attractive as possible to the "Ou Autumn Trophy. Southafrican racing men at Capetown's College House two Menere." lenks wore yellow buttons fans were the first in the world to see years ago). The universities have also for the whole year, and were com­ the new Formula One (l,500ccs super­ re-appraised non-academic activities pelled to address all seniors as "Sir" or charged or up to 3,000ccs normal) in in general, and are now endeavouring "Miss". But as of last week all dis­ action, which only comes into formal to foster a more serious approach to criminating practices were stopped, operation on January 1 next year. student life. As Principal of Capetown and — amazingly — seniors are abid­ Speeding away at the start of the first University, Professor J. P. Duminy, ing by this rule. heat. Love lapped the course for half warned: "University education today is a serious business, all day and all Rhodes new men, for the first six a dozen rounds at 96 mph before the year round. We can no longer settling down to maintaining a steady months, have to wear large pink or afford to tolerate the dilettante who polka-dot bow-ties. They are not lead ahead of the pack, most of them exhausts our time, emotions and in the l,500cc class. Never far behind allowed to walk around with their money. Universities are not social hands in their pockets. All their him was Tony Maggs in his 1.6 clubs or sports centres." Brabham-Ford, prevented from closing buttons must be buttoned at all times. Cutting down. When not banned al­ They are not allowed to smoke in the gap by recurring clutch trouble. together, orientation nowadays takes But he didn't catch Love — nor will public, nor allowed into pubs. a mild form, and is usually limited to Initiation ceremonies were formally anyone until they too get the bigger a short period at the beginning of the engine. banned at Stellenbosch University

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 49 twenty years ago, causing much dis­ feature of Gautiers of Claremoni, run satisfaction. For many of Stellen- by namesake Paul Gautier from bosch's ontgroening practices were France. From his air-conditioned, Notes on the truly hallowed by time, and especially wood-panelled emporium, Gautier, in an old residence such as Wilgenhof. assisted by fellow countryman Jean de Formation Today Stellenbosch merely has a week Rosnay, keeps tabs on all the latest of light ont^roening and excesses are developments fashion-wise. Imports of South African strictly checked. Four precepts must make up a large percentage of Gau- be observed: a student's sleep must tier's range, which features elastic Foreign Policy not be disturbed, he must not be forced '•Ribbon stic" ties from France, Aus­ to eat or drink, he must not be intimi­ trian "Alpenland" cardigans, Gautier- by dated, and he must not be assaulted. designed "Hi-boy" shirts with deep col­ lar and narrow cuffs, and Italian Professor EDWIN S. MUNGER If taken lightly. In many ways the orientation period — even with a few "Portofino" suits. California Institute of Technology toughnesses — has much to be said Perhaps because of a lack of European for it. It is a time organised for finding immigrants, who abound in Johannes­ Limited edition jor specialists. friends, for getting to know the uni­ burg's Hillbrow, Gautiers is a half-step About 100 pages, 8V2 x 5V2, versity and its ways, and it marks the behind Anthony Taylor of Hillbrow. hard cover, $6.75 first and most important of those long Sometime wine-maker and owner of smoking, coffee and bull sessions that the Cul de Sac coffee house, Charles This description and analysis of how will last right through a varsity Winshaw, 26, with the expiry of his South African foreign policy is made career — to be remembered with much coffee shop enterprise, converted his provides unique insights and a wealth nostalgia. No doubt all this could be Kotze Street, Hillbrow, establishment of unpublished detail on the operation achieved without the antics of initia­ from a cheek-to-cheek eatery, to a of South African and Afrikaner society tion; but having suffered the indignities chic-to-chic men's boutique, trading of being first years together, a spirit of under the Anthony Taylor tag. Win­ in relation to foreign policy. closeness and co-operation is fostered shaw, at present studying medicine in Grant Dahlstrom/The Castle Press among university — and especially London, which he combines with the residence — students. However, even job of buyer for his two shops (the 136 West Union Street with a more mature attitude towards other in Rosebank), caters exactly for Pasadena, California 91101, U.S.A. initiation, its advantages are easily the far-far forward minority. Most of outweighed by abuses. And inevitably, his customers fall into the jeunesse de initiation of students is by other lame group, including a flamboyant students. To quote Professor Hendrik cross-section of Continentals in cosmo­ Thom, rector of Stellenbosch Univer­ politan Hillbrow. sity: "If the co-operation of students is The good things in life. Winshaw not obtained, no university will ever makes extensive use of local craftsmen solve the problems of initiation." and carries in addition to his impor­ MEN ted fabric/locally assembled clothing, small and exclusive lines like hand- CLOTHES GOLF Hair Grooming carved cuff-links, worked from indige­ Modes for mods nous wild olive, tambuti. mopani and Lotion Iteeps your stinkwood. Imported hessian stretch A few years ago, the Southafrican male belts are displayed alongside locally- hair healthily alive. abroad was instantly recognisable any­ cut denim, drip-dry and quality poplin where by his flapping grey flannels and skirts, knitted silk and batik ties, Today's hairdressing for men is open-neck white shirt, the collar care­ liquid. GOLF Hair Grooming Faberge Eau de Cologne for men. Lotion contains Adipat, newly fully folded over the neck of his bowls From a suit-case. From his London formulated for correct hair con­ club blazer. Nowadays, however, pick­ base, Winshaw makes frequent trips trol./lc///jaf acts as an absorbent ing out the Southafrican tourist in to the Continent, in search of ideas for the active ingredients of Venice's Piazza San Marco for instance and styles which he thinks may be GOLF Hair Grooming Lotion, is as difficult as crossing the square suitable for Southafrican adaptation. allows it to penetrate into the without stepping on the pigeons. These tours usually result in the con­ hair and into the scalp to check Recognising the backveldness of local signment of clothing peculiar to a dandruff and to combat dry­ men's clothes — and moving along particular country — knitwear and ness. GOLF Hair Grooming with the demand-pull of immigrants leatherwear from Portugal; glove-suede Lotion revitalises the hair — and been-abroad Southafricans — the makes it brilliantly healthy. shirt-jacs from England; bulky fisher­ Republic's clothing manufacturers men's knit sweaters from Ireland. In­ have, in the last five years, progressed novations introduced into Southafrica in great sartorial strides. Even for the by Winshaw include corduroy suits, far-far forward, the Republic is now providing the far-far forward in clothes. shorty dressing gowns and still-to-be- GOLF This is a special revolution, ahead of released old-style night shirts for HAIR even the vanguard; and is being men. GROOMING wrought by a handful of young Fashions overseas tend to change fast LOTION clothes men who are bringing new life and keeping up with them is a and sometimes over-dazzHng colour demanding task. For his customers to Southafrican man's garb. Winshaw performs this admirably, Dress right, feel right. In Capetown, living up to his adage Ex Europa A SCHWARZKOPF PRODUCT clothes with that extra style are a semper aliquid novi. For baggy-pants, that's true.

50 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 others yearn for the glitter of the IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilH^ screen, while some will be content EDUCATION with being announcers with the SABC. The students' basic training will pre­ Low point at Higtifield Michal Grobbelaar. The establishment pare them for all these eventualities, of a drama department at the Uni­ and specialisation will be indicated by "Masimba my first bom is now selling versity of Pretoria this year will help their choice of compulsory vacation newspapers in the market place," com­ fill the void. work (with PACT, with the Jamie Uys plains one African father in Rhodesia, That footlight feeling. Prime mover and Film Studios, for example). Those with highlighting the dissatisfaction that head of the department is Professor an educational zeal can become drama last year led to a schools boycott in Geoffrey Cronje, who has agitated for teachers after one more year of study the country and the closing down of a drama faculty at the University since and the acquisition of a diploma. And eleven primary schools in the Salisbury 1949. The plan bogged down in red while their own full-time teaching staff township of Highfield alone. The dis­ tape and financial difficulties, but was numbers only two (Cronje and actress satisfaction is having a further effect: finally approved in April last year. Anna Neethling-Pohl), the list of part- this year enrolment figures at African Initial planning bargained for an enrol­ time lecturers includes theatre people primary schools were down by 60% ment of twenty, but when registration such as Grobbelaar, PACT'S Francois in Highfield, 30% in the rest of opened last month, 44 budding actors Swart and Truida Louw, wife of Salisbury. turned up. To accommodate them, two the Afrikaans poet N. P. van Wyk Cash anid teaching. Heart of the boy­ houses near the University were pur­ Louw. cott is the fees dispute. Africans feel chased and equipped as training Becoming an Institution. The depart­ that primary school fees are too steep centres. ment's teaching staff also constitutes a at R3.70 up to Standard I; R6.80 up consulting Institute for Dramatic Art. to Standard III; and R8.60 up to Big difference between Pretoria's dra­ ma school and the others is that Preto­ The Institute has established contact Standard VI. The biggest stay-at-home with stage companies, film and radio cause this year is the requirement that ria's course sets out to be more compre­ hensive, lays all the emphasis on studios and drama schools, foreign as all 1964 dues have to be paid before well as Southafrican, and it is there the pupils are re-admitted to school. dramatic subjects and acting. It And apart from this, admission quali­ fications to African primary schools are much stricter this year — they also require proof that a child is the legitimate offspring of parents legally residing in the specific area. But ignorance is also part cause of the trouble. Like Masimba's father, many Africans are unaware that the govern­ ment provides a remission of fees in cases of hardship. Yet the govern­ ment has failed to bring home to Africans that they are a long way from contributing a fair share in pay­ ing for their children's education.

The actor factory PRETORIA'S DRAMA DEPT: CKOXJE, iNEETHLING-POHL RIGHT, SWART The Southafrican stage, and in particu­ SECOND LEFT lar Afrikaans drama, has long suffered And schoolboy Hamlets from a lack of indigenous drama includes Drama, Speech Training and to help anyone seeking information on schools with standards of teaching Dramatic Art, so split that the stu­ dramatic art (sample duty: advice on comparable to those overseas. Many dent eventually needs only a language decor and costumes to a platteland English-speaking Southafricans have, on a two-year basis and one other sub­ high school planning to produce for instance, studied abroad at the pres­ ject to qualify for a degree or diploma. Hamlet this year). The Institute has tigious Royal Academy for Dramatic The other Southafrican schools offer also started work on an archive of Art, but Afrikaners have been limited only one dramatic subject, usually Southafrican drama, which will also to what is offered locally by way of lumping the various aspects of training include publicity material from stage drama courses — notably at the Uni­ together. The new department plainly productions past and present. versity of Stellenbosch. (English drama sets out to produce actors first, theo­ Expectations. Pretoria's drama school schools are at the Universities of Natal reticians second. is well on the road to expansion: and Capetown). A further problem is All the world's a stage. Pretoria's another professor will be appointed that these courses have laid the empha­ drama school is still being treated with next year, and facilities will soon in­ sis on speech training rather than prac­ reserve by the rest of the University clude a modern theatre, a radio studio tical acting, and turn out teachers ("That must be a smile they were and a stage workshop. If it withstands rather than actors. The result: profes­ taught in class today", mused an engi­ the temptation to become another sional companies have to draw largely neering student). Yet this new element training school for more teachers, and on the ranks of the amateurs for their at Pretoria, even though arty, has an becomes a haven for those with tough actors. "But of course, producers in­ outward uniformity which finds an acting ambitions rather than mere finitely prefer trained actors and people echo in its ambitions. Most hope for artistic pretensions, Pretoria's new dra­ with solid backgrounds in drama," says a contract with PACT, the more enter­ ma school may also be on the road to Johannesburg Civic Theatre manager prising see themselves as producers. prestige.

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 51 RELIGION

The singer, not the song pilgrims, nuns and sightseers moving through the streets in crocodile fashion. Last week 47 Southafrican Catholics Some hobble along on their crutches, left Capetown for France, the first of those unable to walk arc pushed in many groups from the Republic who, wheelchairs and canopied wheeled throughout the European summer, will beds. The procession forms up a few swell the pilgrim flood to the Hautes- hundred yards from the Basilica of Pyrenees town of Lourdes. The shrine's Lourdes, moves up to the Basilica, visitors are a varied crowd: believers and then away again. At night the Bas­ who come to find sustenance for their ilica is illuminated and every person faith; the ill and crippled who long to in the procession bears a candle, be healed by the holy water in Berna- singing Ave Maria as he goes. If delte's grotto: the curious who go weather conditions arc adverse, the to Lourdes attracted by the possibility service takes place in an underground of a miraculous manifestation; and cathedral resembling a giant (195' x the sceptical tourists. 585') oval bomb shelter. The Lourdes legend began back in You can take it with you. The pomp 1858, when a local girl, Bernadette is impressive, the circumstance not. Soubirous, saw a smiling Virgin Mary Hundreds of cluttered souvenir shops in a cave near the town. She had seven­ sell sweets "made with holy water" and teen subsequent visions, later entered a convent, and was canonised in 1933. Today that cave in Lourdes is a shrine for Catholics throughout the world. It is also the centre of one of the most lucrative tourist trades in Europe. Cheques, not charity. The town's 400 hotels and pensions, closed during the winter, open up in April for a roaring trade. Catering to all tastes and pockets, they vary from the plush to the humble, while the ill and crippled are accommodated in hospitals and in­ firmaries. Tours and expeditions to the shrines in the vicinity are arranged for the pilgrims and, for the secular, to the nearby coastal resorts of Biarritz and St Jean de Luz, or to the sophisti­ he link cated town of Pau with its casino and annual motor race. Other attractions include the folk museum in Lourdes, between where scenes of the local way of life have been recreated in an ancient cha­ teau on the top of a hill. PILGRIMS' TOWN: LOURDES Faith is in the eye . . . But the main The swelling miracle 4 attraction is religious, and the hub of activity in Lourdes is the Grotto, where this-is-the-real-thing relics to gullible continent two million visitors annually sample pilgrims, many of them peasants from the holy water and burn candles to St southern Europe who have scraped for Bernadette. (The wax from the melted and saved for years for the trip. Before candles is collected to be resold in the the faithful leave Lourdes, they usually form of more candles.) Here too the have their photographs taken, prefer­ passengejs reputed miracle cures take place, and ably in the shadow of the Basilica or the sticks and crutches of those who on one of the turrets of the folk mu­ and have been healed after partaking of seum. Four blind Spanish girls having the holy water are exhibited. Much their picture taken up there were asked investigation and medical examination why they were going to all that trouble freight is carried out before a healing is when they would not be able to see the accredited as miraculous and, even photo in any case. Their reply: "When ROYAL after 107 years, there are not many we leave Lourdes we might be able to crutches on display. see". Such is faith, and despite its INTEROCEAN ... of the beholder. The high point of crass commercialism, Lourdes still each pilgrimage is the religious proces­ kindles and perpetuates this faith, LINES sion held twice daily (each afternoon drawing people as far afield as Sout and evening), when the streets are filled africa. Perhaps as the French say, travel hopefully is better than to arrive KW-RIL-I02I-7 with richly-robed religious dignitaries.

52 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 ON SOUTH W In the internationally famous hotels of Europe —discuss the subject of jet travel and you'll hear enthusiastic comment SOUTH AFRICAN AFRICAN from experienced 'continent-commuters' who have flovi/n on the S.A.A. Boeing AIRWAYS! 707. Even conservative Englishmen wax AIRWAYS lyrical on the luxury and spaciousness D.t\.h.f S.A.A. wilh B.O.A.C. of this giant Stratojet. . . and actually get PUnl and C.A.A.ofler daily quite chatty about the personal service jet flights between Johdimesbt^rg, Europe and London. First and courtesy on S.A.A.'s Johannesburg- and Economy Class Service on all flights. London route. LS;A/2966/tC

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54 NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 196S BOOKS • • • • - " " • • Morning glory seconds before we finished the move­ ment with confidence, even bravado." This biography begins when a sixteen- Looking back. Chotzinoff is quizzical year-old boy-pianist from New York's about his youthful mistakes and pre­ East Side, Samuel Chotzinoff, plays tensions and recalls his 21-year-old the solo part in Mozart's Concerto in feeling of wisdom and world-weari­ D minor with the Educational Alliance ness: "I hung it (the Mona Lisa) orchestra. After that he goes to opposite Whistler's Mother. As I college; falls in love with Elena looked from one to the other, 1 felt Kovner, a cellist; learns how to there was nothing more to be learned behave at tea parties; hears of the about women." But when he writes HITLEH: THE LAST PICTURE intricacies of theosophy over a vege­ of music, the memories toughen and Reiiieinber, remember . . . tarian luncheon; and finally becomes become memorably sharp. Of Mahler's accompanist to the famous violinist, that Germans lay to their souls about debut in Tristan and Isolde he remem­ Hitler. The Versailles Treaty? Un­ Efrem Zimbalist. The book, which bers: "He was 'riding' the orchestra takes him to the age of 21, is a gently just, she admits. Worse — stupid and with the calculated sureness of a impossible to carry out. Nevertheless, pleasing retrospection called Day's at master trainer, at one moment curbing the Morn (Hamish Hamilton). by 1933, under the whip of reality, it to a crafty balance between it and Germany's foes were already amelio­ Chotzinoff is affectionate towards and the voice on the stage, at another amused with himself as a youngster, rating the penalties. The depression? giving it its head as it raced along." Other nations were able to come out but detached enough easily to recreate For this kind of musical reminiscing the mild anguishes of youthful naivete: of it without resorting to war-based alone Chotzinoff is worth reading. His economies and expansionist doctrines. "Mrs Mason asked me how 1 liked ability to create humorous personal my tea, and 1 said 'Very much' . . . Behind all this, says Vogt, was a sketches in needle-point is an added political spinelessness. Those who but then (later) the question of how and delectable bonus. one left a 'tea' presented itself to me. initiated the post-WWI democracy be­ I must get out of the house somehow. lieved that it was an end-all solution, All at once the clock began to give History as an object lesson for which not only did they not need out premonitory noises and, having Perhaps the most astonishing thing to fight, but which they also failed to wound itself up to breaking point, about Hannah Vogt's The Burden of convince the Germans needed defend­ now burst into deliberate and distinct Guilt (Oxford University Press) is the ing. As a result, at almost no point did strokes. The horrifying thought came strength of feeling that forced it to the squabbling parties grasp the to me that even if I could get myself be written. For Vogt is a German point of service to a community. The out of my chair, it might now be too civil servant involved in problems of earned fate of this non-comprehension late to leave." education, and it is as a result of the was Hitler. German democracy was attitudes of those she has met in her by his time still a system, not a hope, Music, music, music. Juvenile work that she wrote this history of and a muddied, inefficient system at miseries aside, most of the book Germany from 1914 to 1945. The that. For the Germans, the choice naturally centres around musical attitudes ranged from the familiar was between two systems — Hitler activities, either concerts at which "We knew nothing about it" and "Of made his sound the fairer, and the giants like Mahler or Toscanini were course, we weren't Nazis" to the atti­ more orderly. Seeing democracy conductors, or those occasions where tudes of the young, who can hardly merely as a gimmick by which the Zimbalist played and Chotzinoff believe the truth of Nazism, and when buck of governing could be passed on accompanied, at one of which there they do come to believe it, cannot while leaving themselves free to was a memorable crisis. Efrem understand why nobody did anything operate selfishly, the Germans found Zimbalist had forgotten to skip a to stop it. a man willing to take the buck — page: "I hastily turned back to the Proclamation. Burden is in fact a and incidentally everything else. passage Efrem was playing. At the history textbook, but a textbook with Exploration. To this period of real same time Efrem remembered the cut a purpose. In recounting the details failure, the macabre years of 1933/45 and he suddenly skipped to where I (and beside Shirer's Rise and Fall of are almost an addendum. Vogt tells had been a moment before. The the Third Reich, for instance, they are it all, never ceasing to hammer home cacophony was dreadful, as we both the barest details) of Germany's that there were still, despite the terror jumped back and forth in our disasters through two wars, through of the regime, those who tried to fight desperate efforts to arrive at the same an experiment with democracy that back, from students like Sophie and place ... I decided to stimulate a dismally failed, and the still-almost Hans Scholl of the "White Rose" to finale by banging out a succession of incredible story of international the Generals of the July conspiracy. tonic, dominant chords, fortissimo . . . Caponery that was Hitler's adventure, In doing honour to these, Vogt's final Efrem caught on at once and began Vogt is patently addressing an audi­ impassioned plea to modern Germans playing brilliant arpeggios harmonic­ ence. She addresses it with passion on becomes not merely a plea for a system ally consonant with my chords, and we only one theme. but for the only virtue of the system finished triumphantly with a great Exposition. Her theme is democracy. that still raises it above any other: flourish." Miraculously the slip went Though she sticks to the facts — and that it provides a mechanism for en­ unnoticed, though perhaps the fact hence her brevity has a sweep that suring liberty. In pacific times it is a that the piece was by little-played longer books sacrifice for detail — mechanism of patience, in adversity Saint-Saens had something to do with what she is arguing for is that Ger­ one of heroism. But what it is never, it. "Afterwards we computed that many must realise the essence of says Vogt to a generation she fears we had been at musical loggerheads democracy. Along the way, she boils still does not grasp this, is one of com­ actually for only thirty or forty away many of the flattering unctions placency or mere opportunism.

NEWS/CHECK 12 MARCH 1965 S5 whether the flag of Southafrica could LEHERS iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii: be changed to one representing all the peoples of Soulhafrica, on the Dutch design: three lateral or vertical stripes The old left-right Sir, — Your shallow, inaccurate, party- with the colours black (for the Bantu), political attack upon the United Party Sir,— I usually read NEWS/CHECK with white, and brown or orange for the surely outdoes some of the worst Coloureds. In the centre a coat of arms interest, but your article (SOUTHAFRKA Nationalist and Progressive attacks Feb 12), on Sir de Villiers Graaff is, would be a reminder of ties to England that we have experienced, and reveals and Hollantl. I believe, a very unfair assessment of your magazine in its true partisan the stand taken by the United Party. colours. In over two years of its Alan Denham, You have totally ignored several Woodford Green, fundamental facts, among them, that existence 1 cannot remember a con­ structive contribution by your paper England. as a result of the chaos following on A long way to go. Ed. the granting of premature indepen­ to the solution of our racial problems. dence in Africa, Southafricans, and I Moreover, notwithstanding your Nationalist partisanship, I cannot count many Nats among them, fear Cry wolf? the same result here if independence recall your having the courage to is promised to the Bantu in the attempt a reasoned defence of the Sir, An article (AFRICA Feb 12) Bantustans. Promised is admittedly government's policy under which nine headed "Walking the tightrope" ac­ as far as it has gone here, but the million natives living (and always to cuses the Midlands and Umtali of tendency is for the up-and-coming live) in the "white" areas are to criticism and disloyalty to the Prime states to set their own timetable. A exercise their political rights in the Minister. On behalf of the Midland second very strong objection to the Bantustans yet to be created, and in Division, 1 am instructed to categoric­ Bantustan scheme is that it offers no the meantime are to be treated, in the ally deny the truth of this statement, solution to the fate of millions of country of their birth for the main as at no time has there been any Bantu living outside the Reserves, at part, far worse than foreigners. One criticism of the Prime Minister or his present numbering about l^m and would have thought that the realisa­ actions. He enjoys the full support increasing at the rate of some 100,000 tion of this would have induced some and unswerving allegiance of party a year. In the urban areas they pose humility and restraint in your paper. members in the Midlands. two problems: of becoming a rootless, 1 fear it hasn't. M. A. Clark, (Mrs). rightless, voiceless mass in the areas J. O. Newton Thompson, MP, Secretary, in which they live and die; and for House of Assembly. Midlands Division. the whites, of having to live cheek by Capetown. Rhodcsian Front. jowl with a population that out­ NEWS/CHECK (.V neither jor nor agin numbers them by 2{ or more to one. Gwelo. the UP. as little as it is jor or agin .Some Rhodesians, however, are still Thirdly, the UP has sound reasons the NP or any other party. But it does for believing that the government's in front of the Front, looking forward stand for a forward-looking Sotith- to another Field day with UDl. Ed. insistence on separation, if sincere, africa. And if the UP, as it did in must be intensified, with a deleterious this year's no-confidence debate, effect on the country's economic ex­ chooses to hark hack to something as Painting and peristalsis pansion and its economic strength. iincreative as baasskap {which kind of If we acknowledge that these are old clothing at least a few — though Sir, — ART — at least that's what the serious defects in Nationalist policy, unfortunately far too jew — National­ heading says. Your contributor (Feb along what path do we seek a healthier 12) has surely excelled himself in solution? Having admitted that white ists have discarded) then NEWS/CHECK is agin the UP on that .score. Ed. mumbo jumbo. My comment: Trinity leadership over all Southafrica is in 2 — the patient will surely require the best interests of all our people, the surgery, but should walk again. UP policy states emphatically that Broad thoughts from abroad PaUna — it looks as if the birds tarried black political aspirations should find overlong. As for saying that "none of room for growth in the Reserves and Sir. — 1 read the item about the these startle the eye or sting the the urban areas. Both the Bantu woman's place in the Republic of palate" — they certainly have an living in the Reserves and these urban Southafrica with interest (SOUTHAFRKA effect on the stomach. Poor Spain. areas will have representation in the Jan 15). 1 think it is a good thing that Ole Southafrica. Portway would excel Central Parliament, as will the Bantu women (if they have no family ties) as a radiographer or perhaps should population of the rural areas. But that can do a useful job as did many get a new pen nib. Please — this is representation will be limited, and in women of all Commonwealth countries not art, only parochial pandering to failing to beat about the bush on that during WWI and WWII. The list of mediocrity. issue, the UP is again facing reality jobs may vary according to the type, and proving its courage to accept facts Geoffrey Brown, temperament and personality of the Luanshya, as they are and not as we would like women of any age (also colour, in them to be. Zambia. Southafrica). Most countries employ Reader Brown is looking at 20th women police (foot and traffic), also century art with 19ih century eyes — it We hope you will regain your political prison officers and probation officers. is a curious exercise to remind anyone perspective and not again be guilty of The Southafrican Railways could em­ still, that rton-ohjective art is what it so flagrantly misinterpreting the case ploy them as clerks, station cleaners .says it is, and that, as in authors' presented by a political party other and porters. As Southafrica is a multi­ disclaimers, "any resemblance to than the Nationalists. racial country, this could apply to objects living or dead is purely co­ Mrs J. van Lingen, white. Coloured and Asiatic women. incidental". Ed. United Party Division of Women could also be employed on Information and Research, Southafrica's many borders as Border and Customs Patrols. I also wonder All political matter and games In this issue by Johannesburg. Otto Krause, 42 Marshall Street, Johannesburg.

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