Giles of Assisi

CONTE NTS .

. CALL E TY il Chapter I THE TO P OV R . How G es ﬁrst heard

— wit h S nc — d i io the call H is meeting t. Fra is H is a m ss n n n — S to the ba d of Friars Mi or H is clothing by t . Francis pag e I M N RY N . ISS IO A R Ev Chapter II THE Jo u s. The tour with

n in a c — St. Fra cis the M r h of Anc ona The pilgri mage to ’ — S . at o m o s te l la S anc a d is t James C p With t. Fr is n h — disciples in Rom e for the conﬁr m ation o fthe Rule The pilgrimage to the Holy La nd— I n the hermitage of — Fabriano The call of the Mohammedan world and the — ’ journey to Tunis Giles stay in Rom e pag e 7 A a Chapter II I . THE LIFE OF CONTEMPLATION . t the de th — S nc s L S . n a na bed of t. Fra i The ent of t Marti t Ceto — ’ — and his vi s ion of Our Lord Giles zeal for Poverty The — death of Bernard o f Q u intav alle The life and c harac ter — an D m o fGiles His preaching before S t. Clare at S a iano

— nd S nc Giles a his mee ting with t . Louis of Fra e pag e 1 4 N AR P E R A I D E UGI . n Chapter IV. THE LAST AYS the — convent of Mo nt e ripido H is ecstasy in the presence of

—His M o nt e ri ido Pope Gregory I X. death at p pag e 2 1

O R E BLESS ED GILES . Chapter V. S U C S FOR THE LIFE OF

and s s References to Giles in Franc isc an MSS. ource — n n n — The MSS. co tai i g the Life of Giles The Short — n 2 8— Life and the Long Life Cano ici Misc . 5 Which life is the nearer to the work o f Brother Le o P — Arguments in favour of the Short Life The i nter

o . a e 2 relation i the various MSS . p g 4 I I M I 2 8 TRANSLATION TEXT OF CANON C SC . 5 AND

B LE S S E D G I LE S OF AS S I I S .

CHAP TER I .

THE A TO E C LL POV RTY .

' I l ie ho mo beam: F r ancisc an nun u am debu t ! nom inan u i n ho mo m : , , q , q p

au dio l amben t labia su a t ant u m mo do sibi dc u it u u u m scil icc t t ar g ; f , pon! ortitudo si m i»: hab u is se t tal e co r u s ua l e e o k abao scil ic et ita r o b us twn f ; p , q g , , ”— r ld u bio l o tus m u nd us emu sc u i m inim o t u m c t . zo o m s p ow q p .

TELL the Perugians that the bells shall never ri ng for m y ” n fo r an r c r m n n no r e . ca o isatio , y great mi a les w ought by

e t m s ix c n s And y , after the lapse of ore than e turie , it appears

c s m probable that these , the last re orded word of the hu ble

m a and o f Giles of Assisi , y be disproved , he may be the ﬁrst the original disciples o f S aint Franc is o f A ss isi to rec eive the f n o f n n a m am n ull ho ours ca o is tion. Fro o g the l ittle group

- n s n - t m e n a of simple mi ded , i gle hear ed who at the d wn of the thi rteenth centu ry were the ﬁrst to rec eive the m essage o f e n n and n anc va gelical perfectio to cluster arou d St . Fr is , it is almost invidious to poi nt to any o ne as the mos t fasc inati ng

o f ! his n and attractive those nights of Rou d Table, as the n L Sai t himself called them. The ittle Flowers of St . ” n no w n so n t o r Fra cis , fortu ately well k own mode n readers , has n o ne and : and c Le o e deared them all to us ea h of them , ,

n n o wn in o u r f c n Ber ard , Ju iper , Giles, has his place a fe tio s .

if no t t he But Blessed Giles of Assisi might , he had been

n m en humblest and most retiri g of , have claimed a place se n n n n co d to no e among the apostolic fou ders of the moveme t , which stirred the dry bones of Wes tern Christendom in the 2 BLESSED GILES OF ASSISI

Blessed Giles o f Assisi has hither to been known in this country in two ways : by the c hapters included in most

n o f L c editio s the ittle Flowers , whi h give episodes in his

f no t o fu n u e st io n li e which are very beautiful , but perhaps all q ” u n able a thenticity ; and by his Golden Sayi gs , which have been admirably translated into English and edited by Father

F M T is c n n O. . Pas hal Robi so , . his work a completely satis ” o f n and factory edition the Golden Sayi gs , those who are primarily i nterested in Blessed G iles o n ac count of his ascetic philosophy and o f the contribution which he made to the religious philosophy and to the literature of the Middle Ages h m a no t n . y eed to go further aﬁeld But ot ers, to whom the

m n u is n n n a hu a doc ment of eve greater fasci atio , will w nt to

n A s as n k ow Blessed Giles himself. far the prese t writer is

no c c s n s aware, there is as yet riti al ver io of the Life of Bles ed

in n no r an n n f Giles published this cou try , y tra slatio of his li e

n c n as is c c into E glish . To ombi e far as practicable the riti al — — and the popular never an easy task is the object o f this work . The impulse to study and then to write about Blessed Giles c am e from the chance c onsultation of the catalogue o f the

n n n s c in n n n Ca o ici Ma u ripts the Bodleia Library, the ﬁ di g of f i 2 d n n n c n . 8 an a hitherto u k ow opy of the li e Cod. Misc 5 , n M h S . as the i vestigation of that , which formed the basis of

is c a this edition . It impossible to make a reful study of the manusc ript s ourc es o f the Life of Blessed Giles witho u t b e coming immersed in the many c omplex problems which are

n n o ne n in n n i terwove with a other early Fra cisca literature. To a number o f these it will be necessary to allude : but it would be going far beyond the scope of this work to attempt m to solve so e of these problems, for the comp lete settlement of which we still are and perhaps always shall be withou t su f

ﬁcie nt m material . The pri ary aim will be to get at the most

c n primitive version of the Life , to dis uss the positio of Brother

and a n t s Leo as its author, to m ke the perso ali y of Gile real n in a d l iv ing to British readers . Giles ﬁrst appears the

nc nc m Fra iscan story about two years after St . Fra is hi self had THE CA LL TO P OVE RTY 3

n c f o f made the great surre der, and , deliberately hoosing a li e

n o f poverty , had embarked upon that ve ture faith which was to earn fo r him ﬁrst the ridicule and contempt of his relatives and n in A ff c n a nd frie ds ssisi , then the a e tio ate reg rd a esteem o f w in n and n n the d ellers the tow s villages of the Umbria plai , and no w v the de otion of the Faithful throughout the world . ” da n an n in The y will come , said the you g Fr cis whe prison n in in 1 20 2 n and bo ds Perugia , whe the world will fall down 1 a t o . n n pr y me The words have come true, but othi g seemed

n r n m n more unlikely at the time whe Giles, hea i g fro his frie ds and kinsmen o f the eccentri c and fanatic al so n of the merc hant

r Be rnardo ne and s s n o f n Pete , of his two di ciple , Ber ard Qui ta

and Cath aniu s s in valle Peter , re olved to throw his lot with

c n c nc n n them . The hro i les are silent co er i g the earlier life o f Giles : we do no t k now whether he was you nger than

nc m m s n Fra is or older, but we get so e i pres io of him from ’ 2 “ Ce l ano s c n : m Thomas of des riptio a si ple , upright , God f n m an who c nc v eari g , for a long time, perfe t in obedie e, li ed

and a an v a holy devout life, by the l bour of his h ds, gi ing us ” and c n m n an example of solitary life of holy o te platio . ’ d d a n an a On 2 r n n . 3 April , the y of E gl d s Patro S i t, St

his s and George, Giles took re olve to leave the world seek

t nc and his c . no t o u St. Fra is two dis iples It is easy to determine the year in whic h his c onvers ion and that of Ber

d is a f c nard an Peter took place . It equ lly di ﬁ ult to deter mine the year o f his death : and the two events must be

c o ne in a n . cal ulated , the rel tio to the other

f c n n no a : n Some MSS. of the li e o tai d tes others co tain

s c c nn s r date whi h a ot be taken without re erve. The ve sion

c m n n whi h we believe to be the most pri itive at prese t k own , contai ns no date either of his c onvers ion or of his death : the

1 2 0 fo r lo nger ver sion gives in mos t M SS. the date 9 his

is a conversion and 1 2 6 2 for h de th .

is c m n This, however , lear fro the early arratives of the

n n c a fou datio of the Order , that the ll of the ﬁrst disciples

“ f ” Adhuc sanc us o rabo r er s c u um o um I I . . t ad p e l t t , Cel. i 4 2 I x 2 Cel . . 5. 4 BLES S ED GI LES OF ASSI SI

f o f was about a year be ore the journey St. Francis and his followers to Rome for the approval o f their primitive Rule n by the Pope . There has been much co troversy as to the year to which the approval o f the First Rule should be as I 1 2 1 . t 1 20 o r 0 : s signed was either 9 and i f that is o , the n n 1 2 0 8 1 2 co versio of Giles took place either in or 0 9 . A n 1 20 stro g argument for the later date, 9 , is reached in a some i what indirect way. All the versions agree n recording that

G o n V o f o f . iles died the igil the Feast St George, at the

o f n n f : o n hour the early mor i g o ﬁce in other words, early

2 rd A . 1 26 1 1 2 2 3 pril Now his death occurred either in or 6 . 6 c n n 1 2 2 . 2 The MSS. which o tai a date say The year 1 6 1 is m in 1 2 6 1 n n extremely i probable, because Easter Su day fell o

2 t h A n 2 rd n 4 pril that bei g so , the 3 April , bei g Easter Eve , would certainly no t have been observed th at ye ar as the Feast

d o n 2 rd . an 1 26 1 of St George , i f Giles had died 3 April , , it seems c ertai n that reference would have been made to that

. On a no t co n date as Easter Eve this b sis, admittedly very e cc n lusive, it appears best to a ept the stateme t of the best

n c o f XX IV n — h MSS . of the Chro i le Ge erals t at Giles died ’ Da 2 rd 1 26 2 sa on St. George s y , 3 April , . The same MSS . y

fift - c n c n n that he died in the y se o d year from his o versio , 1 n n o ne while the MSS . of the Short Life (i cludi g the here edited) speak of his death as oc c urri ng when fifty- two years had been completed I t would thus appear that the co n version of G il es could no t have taken place earlier than in 1 2 0 9 . A c onfirmation o f this date is found in the fact that all n t n th the MSS . agree in referri g to the dea h of St . Fra cis (4 1 2 2 6 n n o f Oct ., ) as havi g taken place in the eightee th year ’ c n n is n n A 1 2 26 Giles o versio , that seve tee years before pril , whi c h again brings us to ’ D o n n o f . a Rising early the morni g St George s y, Giles

1 F o r ana o n o f rms o r and o n f see . 2 8 . expl ti the te Sh t Life L g Li e, p 2 I t is no t very apparent o n what au tho rity Father Pas c hal Ro binso n states ” - s ﬁ ft r ar s in r r. o n a n s . . that Gile lived y th ee ye the O de G lde S yi g , p xl ‘ In the narrative whic h fo llo ws the co nclusi o ns reached o n c ertai n critic al m qu estio ns discuss ed in detail in later chapters are assu ed . THE CALL TO POVERTY 5

et s f s o f b ook him el ﬁr t of all to the Church St . George, now

art o f a i r d s p Sant Ch a a ; and, having hear Mas , he set out to

ﬁ d t. r n S F ancis.

e n no w L avi g Assisi by the East Gate, known as the P o rt s o Nu va, he made his way past S an Dam iano to the leper set o f c o n tlement Rivo Torto, whi h stood the m ain road run

n f u o li no ni g rom Per gia through Spello to F g . It was at the c - c ross roads , where the tra k from S an Damiano joined the m n ai road , that Giles prayed for guidance in his search for the P o rtiuncu la and . n . P o rt iunc u la for St Fra cis The , or as it was n then called Sa cta Maria , lay surrou nded by woods a o ff w in n little the high ay the directio of Perugia. Giles soo n f u n w a m n o nd his prayer a s ered , for at th t very mo e t Franc is

m n his r am m himself, aki g way to the wood for p ayer, c e to eet him . Giles fell down at his feet and begged to be allowed to

c n n anc join his ompa y. The a swer of Fr is to his appeal shows his burni ng c o nviction of the dignity o f the life to which he had himself been c alled and to whic h he was to c all

o . r is c thers A g eat gift it , dearest brother, whi h the Lord

m c hath given thee. If the E peror we re to ome to Ass isi and c o ne c his n h is C a a n hoose from the ity to be k ight or h m berl i , many would there be who would fai n be c hosen. How much

c n a c n greater a gift oughtest thou to ou t it, th t God hath hose thee and c alled thee to His c ourt ! And with these words he raised Giles and took him to the little c hurc h hidden in

and n na s the woods, , calli g Brother Ber rd , aid , The Lord hath ” c a in his sent us a good brother . Thus did Giles st lot with the little poor m an of Ass is i and join him self to a movement

i n n c . wh ch was desti ed to purge, eve to save , the Chur h There was no delay in giving Giles the outward and

n his ne w c n the n visible Sig of vo atio , plai habit of coarse brown cloth which has persisted fo r s even centuries as the disti nctive garb o f those o f the Order wh o have most closely n n in followed their Founder. Leavi g their humble dwelli g n i n and se t o u t fo r the woods at Sa cta Mar a, Fra cis Giles A n n ssisi , doubtless followi g the lo g dusty road which still le ads from the P o rtiu nc u la up to the gate no w known as 6 BLESSED GI LES OF ASSISI

Porta San Pietro, though it is likely that at that time the a lower part of the ro d was nothing but a track in the woods . That afternoon walk was to be the ﬁrst test of the new dis ’ c i le s d p resolve. A poor woman accosted Francis an begged

fo r an c n n an alms the love of Christ, appeal whi h Fra cis ever

. o f could resist Giles , who was course still in his worldly

n c attire, rose to the occasio . Scar ely had his master bidden his n n him divide ma tle and give the poor woma a share , than he hastily removed his garment and gave her no t half but the whole. Immediately Giles was ﬁlled with the keenest joy : by this outward ac t of renunciation he had won his spurs as ! n o f n a ight the Rou d Table . CHAPTER I I .

THE M IS S IONARY JOURNEYS .

Qu is magi: mer etu r vadens ad sanc tu m yac ob um val ad sanctu m 3fac o bu m — ostmdm s via»: 2 1 £ o m w s.

’ THE ﬁrs t year of Giles life as a Friar was Spent in c lose

fﬁ c n n n . associatio with St . Fra cis It is di ult to k ow whether to acc ept the ac cou nt given by the c ompiler of the Long Life

n n o f m n n and based upo the Lege d the Three Co pa io s , how

m n nc and ne w im ediately after the receptio of Giles , Fra is his ” s et o ﬁ n in c Anc n follower o a tour the Mar h of o a . The c c a a see m s riti al aspects of the m tter are discussed l ter. It probable that there were tours duri ng the tim e following the rec eption of Giles and while the number of Friars was still

no t c c c n but four ; exa tly for publi prea hi g, but for private ‘ - - a ne o f h hand to hand work with individu ls . O t ese may well have been the occ asion when Franc is and Giles went o n foot

c A c n n n is c to the Mar h of n o a . But wherever the i cide t pla ed in is o ne and c that ﬁrst year , it of the most beautiful har

ac te rist ic s s e nc s c n . nc as epi ode of arly Fra i a days Fra is, who, “ c n u s n n the M irror of Perfe tio tells , used the Fre ch to gue

n a n n n whe carried aw y with the exubera ce of his feeli gs , we t n along si nging aloud in Frenc h and praising God . Tur ing to his wondering companio n he said Our Order will be like

s n n n c n a ﬁ herma , who casts his ets i to the waters , atchi g a

m o f s n c s great ultitude ﬁ hes the big o es he hose out, but the ” m s in was o f s all he leave the water . Such optimism a test

ne w c n n the dis iple, seei g that at that time the Order umbered

l “ Anal r n ic t au tem S anc ta: ad hu c o ato n . F a c. , To m . iii. p . 7 6. L e p t on ” k »: ru i p p d caret . 8 BLESSED GI LES OF ASSI SI

c n n but four : but, re og ising insti ctively the spiritual genius o f was n n the man whom he followi g, he wo dered but believed n A nd n a d exhorted others to do the sam e. so they retur ed to the P o rt iu nc u l a and rejoined Bernard and Peter.

n n n o f Mo ths passed, duri g which the ba d followers was n n and raised ﬁrst to six by the receptio of Sabbati o, Morico , n and n n Joh of Capella , a little later to seve whe Phil ip the n c n Lo g joined them . It was then that the ﬁrst regular prea hi g

ss n o f n n. n mi io the whole band was u dertake St . Fra cis c alled them together and exhorted them to go o u t two and

n a two i to the gre t world which lay outside Umbria , bidding them lead m e n to repentanc e by their lives rather than by

r c nc n and n p e ept . H is u o querable spiritual optimism his ever faili ng c onﬁdenc e in his mission were i nfectious and irresistible. A nd n and thus they we t out , as he bade them ; whenever

c a they me to a Church or to a wayside Calvary, they bowed “ s a n : them elves, devoutly s yi g We adore Thee, O Christ , and bless Thy Name for all the c hurc hes whic h are in all the

c world , be ause by Thy holy Cross Thou hast redeemed the ” world . This time Bernard o f Q u intav alle was the companion o f

s and n o Gile , their goal was the shri e of St . James at Comp n n stella , a re ow ed place of pilgrimage. Probably it was the late autum n when they set out o n their journey and the year ’

c n n 1 20 8 1 20 . was that of Giles o versio , either or 9 We learn

as t o s n i very little thi jour ey n either of the lives of B . Giles :

c o f n n n ex ept that it was a time i te se hardship, whe they f n c and c n. o f su fered hu ger, old, thirst, perse utio But love his fellow -m e n carried Giles through these experiences : m eeting

n his n as a poor man he wa ted to give him garme t, but he had

h is o ne n c m o ff and only tu i , he could erely take the hood give

fo r n -o ne it to him and this he did, going himself twe ty days without a hood . The Legend of the Three Companions helps to ﬁll in the o f n details this pilgrimage. For though the ame of Giles is no t n n in a a the c n me tio ed those p ragr phs, it is clear that a cou t

’ Be m ard s an relates to tour with Giles . At y rate they reached THE M I S S IONA RY JOURNEYS 9

no o ne ne Florence and could ﬁnd to give them shelter . O n in o f ight they Spent the porch a house , for the lady of the

n an no t house mistrusti g them and their err d , would allow

h c n . n n f n t em to ome i side Next mor i g , a ter a ight spent in n n o f n n and the i te se cold a Northern Italia winter, Ber ard Giles betook them selves to Church to hear Mass : and the n mistress of the house we t to the same Church . While at

ff o ne Church the brothers were o ered an alms by Guido, but

n r a n n h had n Ber ard efused to receive it, expl i i g that t ey give f o . n n up all for the love God The lady, wo deri g at their refusal of the proferred alms and disc overi ng how she had n and n and misjudged them , took Ber ard Giles i to her house

a ne n entertained them hospitably for som e d ys. O other i ci

n n n m a A F r l o n e c r . t ica o l de t is r corded co er i g this pilg i ge , a s mall place o n the P o between Mantua and Ferrara in the

m an c a s n him plain of Lombardy, a lled to Gile , who we t to e xpe cting to receive an alms from him but the m an moc ked him s ea c n c in h is n and n n him in t d , by pla i g di e ha d i viti g “ r was to play. The Lord fo give thee the reply of the

- s n n . humble, self re trai i g Giles The records do no t make it c lear whether it was at the a nd of an agreed period o r as a result of a divine interposition h n t o anc a a at sa t at the eight retur ed S t M ria the me time, but it would se em to have bee n early in 1 2 1 0 : the pilgrim age

- n 2 1 2 1 0 . c a n n had occupied the wi ter of 1 0 9 Fr. Pas h l Robi so ” and n s s the Editors of the Chronic le of XXIV. Ge eral as ign lla a 1 2 1 2 i s t o am Co m o st e . e . this vi it St . J es at p to the ye r , after the journey t o Rom e for the approbation of the Rule but this is difﬁ cult t o mai ntain against the evidenc e o f Thomas “ ” of Celano and o f The Three Companio ns es pec ially the

in e n n n m de ﬁ latter, which d ali g with the co ditio s of that ti e ” 1 n l n no t c an ite y states that their ba d was yet alled Order .

o n as n B th versions o f the Life of B . Giles are sile t to the ext — great event in his career the visit along with Francis and the t e n other disciples to Rome : but there can be no doubt that n n n c he was the with them . The co se sus of ritical opinion

” r o m x : no ndum nim o rdo eo rum diee bat ur o Th ee C p. . e Religi 1 0 BLESSED GI LES OF ASSISI

t o 2 1 s assigns the visit to Rome the summer of 1 0 . It i

t o e t scarcely necessary describ it in detail , bo h because Giles himself is not even mentioned in the whole story and because the visit to Rome is o ne o fthe episodes most familiar to all who n care for the arrative of the early days of the Franciscan Order. It was the occasion o f the meeting o f two o f the greatest but most widely different personalities of the thirteenth century

n n c In oce t II I and Fran is . Sufﬁ ce it to say that the earnest n and n n ess , piety, simplicity, utter co viction of his calli g shown by Francis overcame the caution and statesmanship o f one o f the greatest m e n who has ever occupied the Papal throne and

his n who, beneath exalted ra k as a spiritual and temporal

o f x s potentate, was a lover true religion and ardently an iou for the reform of the Church I nnocent and Francis under stood each other : and Francis left Rome with the Papal ap probation o f his Primitive Rule and with the Papal authority

n o to preach repenta c e. Before they left n their homeward n n and journey, Giles, alo g with St. Fra cis the other ten ,

c received the small tonsure as authority to prea h the word. n n Leavi g Rome , St . Fra cis with his little band , including

his he Giles , made way back by Slow stages to Assisi , where appears to have taken up his abode at o r close to the leper n settleme t of Rivo Torto . Some obscurity rests over the events o fthe next fe w years in o f f the life B . Giles . It is di ﬁcult to ﬁx the order in which

s he u ndertook some more distant journeyi ngs . The record agree in telli ng u s that he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land

- n n and also that he visited the well k ow shrines of St . Michael

c n n and . On the Ar ha gel at Garga o St N icholas at Bari . the whole it seems likely that it was either o n his way to the H oly Land o r o n his return journey that he visited the two n in shri es Apulia . The Short Life, which for reasons to be discussed later may be regarded as the more primitive and

o f n and o f authoritative, speaks his visit to the two shri es ﬁrst his pilgrimage to Jerusalem seco nd ; the order is reversed in

n f can be the Lo g Li e. There , however, no doubt that Giles did visit the Holy Land and make his way to the Holy TH E MISSIONARY J O URNEYS 1 1

Sepulchre and other spots o f special veneration : and he ap n n So pears to have take a compa ion with him . far as the

o f n records the Order go , Giles and his companio were the ﬁrst n followers of St. Fra cis to carry the Gospel of Poverty to the n n Holy La d . They were delayed at Brindisi waiti g for a ship to carry them over seas : and Giles with his usual humility

his n S o did not hesitate to earn daily bread by carryi g water. too on his way back he was delayed at a place which is not n A n n quite certain from the arrative , either cho to be ide tiﬁed ’ d Ac re r An n 5. o : with Jean in Syria, co a here also Giles was no t ashamed to support himself by the sweat of his brow in

n o r n most menial ways , maki g baskets of rushes beari g the dead to the place of burial or carrying water for the towns D n n and folk. uring his pilgrimage to Mo te Garga o Bari ,

n nc he carried his message of pe ite e to all whom he met , both m e n and women. These event s oc cupied some part of the years from 1 2 1 0 to 1 2 1 4 ; but it is u ns afe to be more

s precise than to as ign them generally to that period . It was in all probability after his return from these wanderi ngs far “ in n his c n n aﬁeld, that Giles the seve th year of o versio , that in 1 2 1 1 2 1 n n is either 4 or 5, we t to the hermitage of Fabria o

c n in the March of An ona. Fra cis had set him at liberty to go

him no wherever the Spirit led , but Giles had wish to be thus loosed from authority and besought Franc is to send him to

c ﬁnd no in c some place , because his Spirit ould rest su h free

. o dom And so he was sent to Fabriano . It is n t easy to discover from the records how long Gil es rem ained in the n n hermitage of Fab riano . The Lo g Life speaks of him as bei g

n and o there ma y years, it seems likely that the stay at Fabrian

o f m n 1 2 1 and 1 2 1 n occupied most the ti e betwee 5 9 , whe he

o u o n — was set t his last missionary tour t o North Africa. It in s n n in the quiet and seclu io of Fabria o that , the words of

n was his biographer , the ha d of the Lord over him ; the ’ strong mystical and as cetic bent o fGiles character began then t o

a r n manifest itself more nd more clea ly. He bega to give him n n and in n self to co templatio , the ecstasy of his soul to u der an o f in st d the secrets the spiritual world . It was the hermitage 1 2 BLESSED GI LE S OF ASSISI o f n in Fabriano , too, that he bega to feel himself a special way

and c n and in the butt of the assaults perse utio s of the Devil ,

c n the distress of his spiritual o ﬂict he sought the help of St .

n n r n n so Fra cis, aski g him whether the e were a ythi g terrible that it could no t be borne while o ne said a single Paternoster :

t o c . nc n so r was whi h St Fra is a swered that ter ible the Devil , that o ne could no t bear his assaults even fo r s o long as it took

s a n n m to y half a Pater oster. I t may have bee at some ti e d uri ng these years that he was in the Churc h of Saint Apolli n n o ne n aris at Spoleto, whe ight as he prayed he felt the malig nant Presenc e th reatening him and was freed only by dragging him selfto the stoup of holy water and making the sign o f the

Cross. A characte ristic story is told of Giles during his sojourn at n n n Fabria o . Burdened with the c onviction o f his o w si ful n n n and n bo ess, he we t i to a wood , havi g called a y brother to him he stripped himself naked and bade the boy drag him by n n a rope rou d his ec k to the abode o f the Brothers. Have

o n n n ! c pity me, my Brothers , o me si ful as I am he ex laimed to the astonished Brothers : and as they implored him to “ s c n n : no t reclothe him elf, he o ti ued I am worthy to be a Brother Minor : but i f ye desire to give me bac k my tunic out o f c m s n and an n o pas io as alms , I receive it though u worthy Yet onc e agai n the call o f the Mohammedan world was to stir Giles out of his life of contemplation and send him

c c n n in 1 2 1 forth to prea h . Ac ordi g to Waddi g it was 9 at the second General Chapter that S t Franc is resolved to send

n e l To o f o ut Friars t o the Saracens and other i ﬁd s . the lot i n Giles it fell to go to Tunis n North Africa. His missio d oes no t appear to have been a very successful o ne : he and his companions were met with ﬁerce opposition o n the part

O f f n c and n n the a ati al Moors ; the Christian i habita ts, who evidently feared that they were being endangered by the

ns s o n n Friars , who i i ted preachi g to the Moors from the ship, c ompelled them to abandon their mission and return to Italy. ’ It is difﬁ cult to know at what period in B . Giles life to place his stay in Rome desc ribed by the compiler of the

CHAPTER I I I .

THE LIFE OF CONTEMPLATION .

" C ont m l ati es t i is anati ecs tasis u t — S e o n o s us re u ias l oria. E GI DI U p g , , , g , q , g .

FOR ten years Giles had lived the active life o f the m is s io nar n d y, with periods of retreat at Fabria o and oubtless

- elsewhere. Before him lay forty two years to be spent n n n mai ly livi g the Religious life, ge erally in seclusion but often too in close and i nspiring contact with the early leaders o f no t n f r the Order. Those years were eve tful so a as Giles was c oncerned : the actual incidents recorded about them are c omparatively few.

When B . Giles ﬁrst turned his bac k upon the world and

n in n n o f u intavalle fou d a spiritual leader St . Fra cis, Ber ard Q was the ﬁrst brother whom he met. Throughout the whole of ’ n c — e m ard — St. Fra cis areer , these two B and Giles were closely linked together by the bond o f a complete mutu al u nder

n n a d n o f nc is sta di g n of a commu ity experie e. It quite what might be expec ted to ﬁnd them meeting once again beside “ ” - f s P e rfec tio nis the deat h bed o the ma ter. The Speculum

n c n n n n gives a touchi g ac ou t of this meeti g . The dyi g Fra cis

n s his f n had bethi k him of ﬁrst ollower Ber ard, who had the

a in and n n n cour ge to believe him to joi him whe he was alo e , n and he sends for him . Seati g himself beside the couch on

c n n n : whi h the Sai t lay , Ber ard appealed to him for a blessi g and My father , I pray thee to bless me Show thy love for me,

nc fo r Si e i f thou dost Show thy fatherly love me, I believe

Go d m and that H i self all the brothers . will love me the more

nc no t see n Blessed Fra is could him , for ma y days before the light had faded from his eyes : but stretching out his right ( I 4) THE LI FE OF CONTEMPLATION 1 5

o n o f n hand, he laid it the head Brother Giles , thi king to plac e it o n the head of Brother Bernard who was Sitting next

n n re to him . Immediately the i spiratio of the Holy Ghost vealed to him his mi stake and Brother Bernard c am e nearer

nd c n a received the mu h coveted blessi g.

s s a c - Thu did B . Gile w t h by the death bed of the m an who had c alled him from the world and direc ted his life i nto ne w

nn s n- a m a c . b e ha el Broke he rted , we y well believe, by the reave m e nt c ff e P o rt iu nc u l a whi h he had su ered , he l ft the with o ne c m n n an and m s o pa io , Grati , betook hi elf to the wild

c n in c n no t far m C o n distri t of Ceto a Tus a y, fro Chiusi , to the

n o f ibbo t o la n n n was C . . ve t , to Spe d the Le t of St Marti It during his stay at Cetona that in his s l e ep he had a vi s ion of

m s n a s s nc f. c Bles ed Fra is hi sel Thi experie e, followed by d y o f and a n an n a r c r s prayer f sti g, was to lead up to eve gre te i is in his spiritual life ; for three days befo re Chr is tm as he h ad

s n is s as a vision of Jesu Chri s t m a ife s t before h eyes . Ju t

n m at e nd s nc n St. Fra cis hi self the of his ob erva e of the Le t

c a o n n A lv e m a ac c m a h is of St. Mi h el Mou t re hed the li x of spiritual career in the vision of the c ru c iﬁed Se raph and the

in his c n n so . s n re eivi g of the Sacred Wou ds , B Gile fou d ex perienc es at Cetona an Objec tive revel ation of h is Lord whic h

r s remai ned with h im throughout the rem ai nde of h i life . From that ti m e the c ontem pl ative bent whic h h ad al re ady

n ab riano n a c am m n n Show itself at F or eve e rlier , be e the do i a t charac teristic of his life and c harac ter.

o f nc I n no way was Giles a more loyal follower St . Fra is than in his z eal fo r the Lady Poverty : it was for him and

d n o n for St. Clare an others of the earliest followers to ha d

c n and and the tor h lighted by the Sai t, to resist by word deed the i nﬂuenc es whic h Elias of Co rtona and h is followers were ever seeking to i ntroduc e The story of B rother Leo and the buildi ng of the great Churc h of S an Franc esc o is well

n n and its n c nn c n k ow , from evide t o e tio with Leo himself, is

“ o ne of the stories about Giles m os t clearly m arked with au t h e n t i i a n c t . n n y Elias , who u doubtedly possessed very ge ui e

n s c n . a loyalty to the perso of St Fr ci , coupled with mu h ambi 1 6 BLESSED GILES OF ASSISI

’ and tion much disagreement with the Saint s ideals, set to work almo st immediately after his c anonisation in 1 2 2 8 to collec t funds for the erection o f the great Churc h on t he Colle

’ d I nfe rno and set up a marble u rn to receive the alms of the

a n and n F ithful . Leo we t told Giles of this wa ton departure f and n from the li e of Poverty, Giles weepi g replied : I f the

n n as s s o ne buildi g were as lo g from here to A si i, small c orner ” n n in and n were e ough for me to sojour , turni g to Le o he

: a m an and said If thou art a de d , go break that marble

c h as n se t c n t e vase , whi h bee up o trary to Holy Poverty to c e ive n : gifts of mo ey but if thou art alive, desist, for thou c ans t ill bare the tribulations of that Elias Whereupon Leo and a fe w other brothers as sim ple-hearted and c ourageous as him self went and s m as hed the porphyry u rn and were c hastised

- n s n a . by the Mi i ter Ge er l , Elias

o u t n Later o n Giles of devotion to St . Fra cis went to revisit Ass isi and was taken to s ee the great Convent which

n n n S an anc n n h ad bee built up adjoi i g Fr esco. Tur i g to the

ar s c c : Fri s who lived there, he aid with his austi wit I tell

r is o ne n ac you , my brothe s, there but thi g ye l k here , wives ! and a n w n c dded , Ye k o well , that havi g th us dis arded poverty, ye c an easily dis c ard c has tity Nearly twenty years had passed sinc e Giles and Bernard

- c - a had met beside the death bed of their mu h loved m ster.

nc a n m e t - O e gai they at a death bed , but this time it was

’

na was n . n r n c an a Ber rd who dyi g E te i g the si k m s ch mber, Giles greeted his o ld friend and brother-in-arm s with cheerful ” r m c n ! words , Su su orda, Brother Ber ard, sursum corda

A nd n s s Ber ard , who e thoughts doubtle s travelled back to

n d a 1 20 n n that spri g y in 9 whe St . Fra cis had brought to

e w had n him the n brother whom the Lord se t , full of joy bade the brothers prepare a place in which Giles could devote A hi m self ac c ording to his wont to contemplation. fter par taki ng o f a meal along with the brothers who stood around his c c a x h n o ne n and ou h , fter e orti g them to love a other, after telling them all that no t for a thousand wo rlds would he have

s n r c lost the privilege of ervi g Ch ist, this ﬁrst dis iple of the

O rder passed to his rest . TH E LIFE OF CONTEMPLA TION 1 7

Giles will ever live in the affection of those who care for the beginnings o f the Franc isc an Order rather by his life and

n s c harac ter than by any ac tual deeds . Ma y storie are told

o f n o f c n m . him , mostly relati g to the years o te plative life M ost of them help to Show the essential si m plic ity of his c harac ter and his deep religiou s nature : his profound humility and invariable s ubm ission to authority : but m any o f them al so Show how i ntensely human Giles was and remained in n s pite of his Spiritual experie ces . One of the ba t -known s tories relates to his preac hi ng w n n and an n e f r . as S a D b ore St . Cla e It at amia o , E glish

o f c was r c n Friar , a Master Sa red Theology , p ea hi g before the ’ far h is s m n . Sisters . Before he had got very with er o , B

n him sa n : c a Giles i terrupted , yi g H old thy pea e , M ster, for ” ac al l m c e as I desire to pre h . The Master in hu ility ed had preaching and Giles preac hed i ns tead . When Giles ﬁni shed he al lowed the Master to c om plete h is i nte rru pted

n was a e diﬁ d m ser mo . St. Clare gre tly e by the hu ility of th e ca s h ad s a m Master of Theology, be u e he thu llowed hi self t o n la be i terrupted by a y brother .

was n s m n in . n B Giles ever de titute of a se se of hu our, eve

n s A c am an him the most sacred thi g . brother e jubil t to to tel l him that he had had a vision of Hell and had se e n “ ” t n n m so n no . a si gle Friar Mi or there I believe thee , y ,

r . n n m answe ed Giles The brother, evide tly feeli g so e doubt,

is n s t m a no said How it, thi ke t hou , y Father, th t there is ” Friar Mi nor in Hell ; or how is it that I s aw the m no t ? ” “ s n n so n s c a s Thou sawe t o e , my , replied Gile , be u e thou

t no t c n n a dids des e d deep e ough , to that pl ce where the wretches are tormented who have worn the habit of Friars Minor but have no t done the works of suc h or observed the Rule !”

One m e s r s s ra n m of the ost b autiful to ie , illu t ti g the si pli

’ c and c n s a h o ne n ho w ity dire t es of Giles f it , is the telli g he removed from the mi nd of a Brother Preac h e r doubt c o n

n n n is t r cer i g the virgi ity of Our Lady . It true hat the sto y is o ne whi ch is som etimes regarded as an i nterpolation in the 1 8 BLESSED GILES OF ASSISI

n and narrative , but its beauty justiﬁes the quoti g of it the question whether it c an be historically defended seems scarcely

n n c releva t. A oted Brother Prea her had doubt as to the virgin

and c anc ity of Our Lady ame for spiritual guid e to Giles .

n n his c Before he had made k ow doubt , Giles per eived it and

n c o n goi g to meet him , stru k the ground with the stick which “ n c V he carried , sayi g, O Brother Prea her, a irgin before ” ! and c n birth where he stru k the grou d, a most beautiful n And n n n “ lily spra g up . striki g the grou d agai , he said , O ” V n in ! and n Brother Preacher, a irgi birth a seco d lily A nd n “ spra ng up . striki g yet a third time he said : O ” ac V n ! a Brother Pre her, a irgi after birth and third lily A d n . n s n spra g up Gile the ran away, but the Brother

c was m his Prea her freed fro doubts.

nc n c c n n n h as n No i ide t re orded o cer i g B . Giles bee more c riti c is ed on histori c al grounds than the one found in the ” n c n and in Chro i le of the XXIV Ge erals , the Little Flowers ,

sc n . ! n nc de ribi g the visit of St Louis, i g of Fra e, to B . Giles at

m n a n n Perugia . It is told how the holy o arch went as n u k own pilgrim with but few c om panions to the place where Giles n n abode . Giles immediately k ew by divi e inspiration who

s was and m e t and c his vi itor , the two embra ed each other and

n d m : remai e for some ti e thus at last St . Louis departed , n n without either havi g addressed a Si gle word to the other. m n The brothers re o strated with Giles for having allowed St .

s n Louis to go , without ayi g a word to him , although St . Louis

r se e and had come exp essly to him hear him . But Giles “ ns : D s no t if a wered them thus eare t brothers, marvel , he spake nought to m e no r I to him for as soon as we embraced

n his each other, the light of divi e wisdom revealed heart to and n and me mi e to him , whatsoever he had thought to say

o f to me and I to him , we heard better without the sound n words or lips or tongue than if we had c o versed with our lips . And had we desired to explain by means of the voice those

n n o u r c thi gs which we felt withi ourselves, spee h would have n tended rather to desolation than to consolatio . Wherefore ” be ye sure that the king went away marvellously comforted . THE LIFE OF CONTEMPLATION 1 9

n B. Giles , as one of the early disciples who had go e about with the Founder of the Order and had close personal touch n n with him , was , duri g his lo g years of contemplative retire

n i n r nc n me t, v sited by leadi g men among the F a isca s, and

m n n n u n - n a o g others by St . Bo ave t ra, the Mi ister Ge eral . To him n n f- and Giles, with his ge ui e sel depreciation humility ,

c o f once said My Father, great gra e has been given thee and n h God. But as for us , Si mple ig orant folk , w at can we ” “ do to be saved ? The General answered : If Go d hath

an no c an given to y man grace save that he love Him , that “ n Can an u nle am ed man s is e ough , a ked Giles , love God just as much as o ne instructed in letters ? A n old woman ” can Go d r n o f n love mo e tha a Master Theology, a swered

n n And i and z a Bo ave tura. Giles , carr ed away with fervour e l

n n and n an n c o u t we t to the garde wall , seei g old woma alled

: n and n to her Poor little old woma , simple u learned , thou canst love the Lord thy God and be greater than Brother ” n c Bonave tura . The story is characteristi of the two men and n n n o f m ri gs true. It is Bo ave tura who the story is told ’ how when the Papal envoy came to bring him the Cardinal s

n r the c n n Hat and fou d him at his wo k in kit he , the sai tly

n n s ! General merely a swered , Ha g it up out ide And it was Gi les who watching with no small concern and distrust the growi ng tendencies towards book - learning in the Order and the departure from the primitive Franc iscan sim pli c t the n n u n an ity, ut ered words of war i g wr g from his xious “ i n n : 0 r . heart Pa s, Paris, thou art rui i g the Order of St Francis ! Reference has already been made to Cetona as the place

s n c ax o f where B . Gile fou d the lim his spiritual experience in

n no n n n a visio of his Lord. But it is in way i co siste t with n wn and a ﬁnd n all that is k o of his life ch racter, to Ceto a

e n an n n m n n n lik wise the sce e of i cide t si ple , atural, mu da e which

n n an c revealed how i te sely hum Giles ould be. He had made at Cetona a small garden where he had grown most excellent cabbages ; and while he was standing in the garden with a

c r n m sti k in his hand saying the Our Fathe , a other brother ca e , and cu t n the i just to test him , began to dow cabbages w th a

was t o o c t sword and destroy them. It mu h for the pa ience even o f Giles : he rushed upon him and unc eremoniously bundled

o u t r n him i him of the ga den. The brother tur ed to say ng, O ” n and n s ? brother Giles, where is thy patie ce holi e s And

r m e t fo r Giles , with a sigh answe ed , Forgive , bro her , thou

2 2 BLESSED GI LES OF ASSISI

did this become that at times mischievous boys would call

out to him the words Paradise, Paradise, just to have the

satisfac tion of seeing the saintly o ld man go into a trance . n But these spiritual experie ces, which might easily have caused m an n a lesser to Swell with pride, o ly increased the native t n humili y of B . Giles . Heari g of some who had risen to

c in and n exalted pla es the world had the fallen , he would say, “ n no t no t be Let me lie on the grou d , for if I do rise , I shall ” ! On o ne n 1 2 and 1 2 6 able to fall occasio , between 34 3 , Pope Gregory IX while at Perugia summoned Giles to his

and n no t l presence Giles we t, without fear lest he should fa l

n as into an ec stasy in the presence of the Pope. A s soo he

c n began to onverse with the Pope, he fell i to an ecstasy , and n n the Pope, havi g see for himself what he had already heard “ f by repute, said to him If thou diest be ore me, I will

c no n n in expe t other sign of thee , but will i scribe thy ame the catalogue of the Saints

e nd m 1 262 M o nte ri ido The ca e in in the Convent of p , and the des ire which he had himself expres sed to die no t a death of martyrdom but o ne of contemplation was to be fulﬁlled . Enfeebled by Old age and by the privations to whic h he had

c up to the last exposed his body, he fell into an a ute fever and n c and c c was torme ted with ough heada he, so that he ould n o f n e either eat nor sleep . The devoted brothers the Co v nt did all they could to relieve the sufferi ngs of their dyi ng n n n n master. Mea while, the ews of his impe di g death had and n n n spread to Perugia , the Perugia s k owi g that he had himself expressed his longing that his bones should be laid at

in P o rt iu nc l n n n rest the u a at Sai t Mary of the A gels, se t

m e n u bodies of armed to keep g ard, lest when the breath had left his body the precious rem ai ns should be carried away

and n c s elsewhere Perugia robbed of a ve erated reli . New of

m n c n m an their so ewhat aggressive devotio rea hed the dyi g , “ and he said : Tell the Perugians that the bells shall never

n c no n n no r an ri g for my a isatio , for y great miracles wrought by me there shall be no sign given unto them s ave the Sign ” n And n of the prophet Jo as . the Perugians heari g this TH E LAST DAYS NEAR PERUGIA 2 3

r : n no t n n answe ed Eve though he be ca o ised, we will have ”

m . c t o i hi The remains of B . Giles were arried Perug a and in f n buried the Church o San Franc esco. His dyi g words c oncerning the Sign of the prophet Jonas found an unexpected

m n : n fo r n fulﬁl e t for the Perugians, looki g a suitable sto e

to a n from which m ke his tomb, fou d a marble block upon n w fo r which the story of Jo ah as sculptured . This they used n his the tomb of B Giles, believi g it to be the fulﬁlment of prophetic words and conclusive proof o fhis holiness . C HAPTER V .

E SOURC S FOR THE LIFE OF BLESSED GILES .

THE sourc es for the Life of Blessed Giles may be divided n m n f roughly i to two ai classes . There are the accounts o him and referenc es to him in manusc ripts deali ng with other subjec ts : and there are the manusc ripts contai ni ng more o r

and c nn c n o f less complete o e ted versio s his Life . It will be

c and the simplest to deal ﬁrst with the former lass, to do so in

n l c c o f n ge era ly a epted order date of compositio .

1 2 . n [ I The LEGENDA PRIMA or First Life of St . Fra cis, written by THOMAS OF CELANO at the di r ection o fPope Gregory ’ I X n n n n in 1 2 2 8 and , at some date betwee the Sai t s cano isatio

2 1 2 0 c n ns c c n n 5 May, 3 , o tai the earliest a ou t of the conversio

his n d n n . of Giles an of joi i g himself to St . Fra cis It is only

n s and nc is x 2 a matter Of a few li e the refere e I Cel . .

' Han: v er o ort non m u l tu m t em o rzlr s e u ztu r r ater , p p , g f

’ ' ’ E m r sim l ex et rectu s ac tzmem D eu u z l o n o tem I g p m, g g ' ' ’ ' ' re dam n: s ancte zu s te ac ie v zvenao e ectae obedzentzae po , p , p cf ,

' ' l a orir u o u e ma u u m v itae sol ztar zae sanctae u e co ntem la b g g n , , q p

' ' ' ' ' a r u tzo m r no bzs exempl el zg zt .

e nc c c s in . x II . 0 On further brief refere e to him o ur I Cel 3 ,

n n n n n . where, Speaki g of the missio ary jour ey u dertake by St m is n n n n . Francis and h seven compa io s, he e tio s how B Giles and Bernard made their way to t he shri ne o f Saint James at Co mpo ste l la

' ’ Tzm c frater B em ardu s cu m fratre zEg zdzo

' ’ ’ u zt I acabam zref am p .

HR EE . [ 1 2 44 ] II . The LEGEND OF THE T COMPAN IONS

1 ' ’ uar d Al en o n s o n 1 0 6 . 2 P. Ed d c editi , 9 , p 7 . (24) SOURCES FOR TH E LIFE OF BLESSED GILES 2 5

t ri e s Leo An This work , usually at but d to Brother , gelo, and

Ru fﬁ no and to n c , believed have bee omposed by them from their per sonal recollections o f the Sai nt as a result o f a dire c l n 1 2 s in c i x. tio of the General Chapter of 44 , give hapter a

’ n o f Gi ss n n s fuller accou t B . les admi io to the ba d of follower than that of Thom as of Cel ano and it describes his ﬁrst mis sio nary expedition along with S t Franc is to the M arc h o f

2 In chapter x ii a list o f the ﬁ rst twelve mem bers of the

i n s n n n c . Order of Friars Mi or is give , whi h B . Giles sta d fourth

o f I I I . The LEGENDA MAJOR ST. BONAVENTURE , which was c om pleted by the date o f the Chapter of the Order

1 26 and s n m as o f in 3 , was ba ed largely u po the work of Tho

n nd n n s in Cela o a other early doc u m ents . Bo ave ture refer

c . n s n as c : hapter ii i , 4 , to the co ver io of Giles , the third dis iple he s peaks o f him as a sim ple and u nle am e d m an who was

r i n n c s n in n s s . f eque tly div e ec tasie Moreover, Bo ave ture laim

’ t o have k nown Giles him se lf eg o zjose ocu l ata fd c wmp ex z 2 I S ALI MB EN E [ 1 8 2 ] V. The CHRON ICA of BROTHER OF

i n circa 1 2 8 2 - 1 2 8 c n a n o ne a o f m PARMA, wr tte 7 , o t i s f ct pri e

i Le o was t he a n v z. t importa ce , that Bro her author of Life of 3 B . Giles : “ ' ’ ' ' ’ ’ F ratr ir zE zdzi v ztam r ater Leo u z u zt anu s dc tn bu r g f , q f

’ 1 a o V D E LAU D I BUS [ g ] . BERN ARD OF BESSA S SANCTI

F r na n and RAN CISCI Bernard was Secreta y of St. Bo ve ture

t c n n s . hus had ac ess to early, eve co temporary ources He wrote

i r . h s work between 1 27 0 and 1 2 9 0 . He again efers to B Giles

' ' ' ' ' ' as tcm ur r ater {E zdzu vzr ad m rabzl zlr the third disciple , f g a

' ’ ' ranct ztatir a d r o ratia d rcztu r esrc co ncessu m a D om ino at in , p g ,

' ' ' his u ac ad 60 7m m am mae er tzm t caa tcr adiu vet znvocatur g p , ﬁ

I P ERFECTION IS c n V . [ I 3 SPECULUM , a ompilatio h n in n in it s n in 1 1 8 w ich was certai ly existe ce prese t form 3 ,

o n o f arc ino da z za and Te o ﬁl o Do m enich e lli 1 8 . 6 . Editi M ell Cive , 9 9 , p 5 B ut it m us t be rem em ber ed th at the au thentic ity o f this fragm entary wo rk is

’ 3 I bid . 8. ron ca arma 1 8 . 2 . ., p 7 Ch i , P , 57 , p 3 3

na c a ranc scana To m . . . 66 . A le t F i , iii p 7 2 6 BLESSED GILES OF ASSI SI

h n n t at bei g the date stated by the earliest k own MS . (the Mazarine it is probably based to a large extent U pon

th e o f n n writings the ﬁrst compa io s, even though it would be unsafe to assert that the work in its present form is their

. n n writing It is , however, an early docume t of u doubted 6 1 authority. Chapter 3 mentions the reception of B . Giles

a ud R z u m To r tu m and c f n p g , describes the in ident o his givi g ’

. nc n his cloak , at St Fra is biddi g , to a poor man . In Chapter 2 8 . n o f 5 it is related how St Francis, describi g the qualities “ tem the ideal Friar Minor, said that he should possess men

' ' ' e l evatam in contempl atzone guam frater {Eg idzu s lrabu zt argu e 3 ad ram m am er ectionem 1 0 p f Again, in Chapter 7 there is

n n n t o the pathetic story, how the dyi g Fra cis, wishi g give a

c n n last harge concer i g the honour due to Brother Bernard,

s o u t n o n o f n r tretched his right ha d to place it the head Ber a d,

n n t o n im but bei g blind placed it i s ead that of Giles, and

mediately discovered his mistake through the Holy Spirit .

1 1 - 1 2 N [ 3 8 3 8 ] VII . The ACTUS BEATI F RA CISCI ET

S OCIORUM B . JUS This important compilation, which may be

e 1 1 8 - 1 2 8 n o f dated betwe n 3 3 , and which co tains a portion the ” F l or etu m o r o f hypothecated source the Little Flowers, has ‘ ' s ual zter domina pre erved the four chapters , N OS . 44 (Q

' ’ j acoba dc S ep tem S ol a r v i rt tawtfrat r em 4 5(Quomodo

' ' ' ' ' ' dzcente ratre {E zdzo m r o ante ar tu m v zr o in ar tu mr o f g g p , g p , g

' ' ' ' ' ost ar t u m o rta rant tr za 6 D e mzrabzl z revel atzone p p , 4 (

’ ' ' ' ' facta in cordibus ranctz fr atrzr zEg1 d zz ct s anctz Ludo vici regi r

' ' F rana ae and D e u odam u ad de dzt ratcr ) , 47 ( q q f

' ' ' ' ’ ( E zdzu r ratr z acobo lzabentz ratzam ra tur which o n g f j g p ), account f c o their questioned authenticity need spe ial consideration , and

f 6 o n n e o which Chapter 4 passed intact i to the Little Flow rs ,

where it appears as Chapter 34. I n addition to these four chapters the ACTUS gives us al so several minor references o f value his being caught up to the

n 1 o f third heave (Chap. his words cheer to the dying n n a Brother Bernard (Chap . 5; his prese ce whe the ngel

’ S abatier s i o n ar s 1 8 8 . 6 . I bid . . 1 68 . ed ti , P i , 9 , p 7 , p - I bid . . 2 1 2 . aba r Actu: B . ranc . 1 0 2 . 1 8 1 . , p S tie , F , 9 , pp 3 45 SOURCES FOR TH E LIFE OF BLESSED GILES 2 7

h 6 co n appeared to Brother Bernard (C ap 3 , his words cerning Brother Bernard that not to all was the gift given by

as o n God to Bernard, to feed himself the wing like a swallow a 0 (Ch p . 3 ;

1 6 . GE NERALI UM b e [ 3 9 ] VI I I The CHRONICA XXIV , liev ed to have been composed before 1 369 by Brother Arnold

o f n n - c f Serra o, co tains apart from the omplete Li e of B. Giles—the following incidental references 1 a n i — ( ) I n the life of St. Fra c s

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' E t os t m zz dies u zdam m r de A sszs zb {E zdzus nom znc p g , g ,

’ - from »: exem l o rovocatus in die sanctz Geor ii cu m om p p , g ,

zanetas .

’ Ther e is al so the inc ident of B . Giles advic e to Leo as t o the vase in whic h Elias c ollec ted subsc r iptions for building n ’ San Fra cesco .

b I n o f n o f u int avall e ( ) the life Ber ard Q , there is the story

n n c n n o n a of the dyi g sai t pla i g his right ha d the he d of B. ’ s n n Giles : and again the sto ry of B . Giles vi iti g the dyi g “ n n t n S u rs u m Bernard and e couragi g him wi h his greeti g , corda F rat r B e rdo u rsu m oorda , e rna , s

c o f n r n n ( ) In the life Ju iper, the e is the co versatio as to “ ﬁ ns fl how to ght the temptatio of the esh . ’ d h n an ﬁ d t e n . ( ) In life of Haymo of E gl d , we B Giles exclamation o n hearing o f the fall o f Elias : Vol o des cendcr e

' ' ' uantu m oss u m u za zl lc tantu s cecidzt r o ter s al tu m q p , q p p c I n f n n nc ( ) the li e of S . Bo ave ture , refere e is made to the d o f h n n c in eath B. Giles as avi g take pla e

n Ofﬁ da c c (f) In the life of Co rad of , there o urs the story ’ o f n e n m Conrad s visio of B . Giles, who br athed i to his outh 8 s a and conveyed to him the gift o f ec t sy. Reference might be m ade to other m anusc ript sourc es

n n nc n as c a Glas s be r e r which me tio Giles i ide tally, such N i hol s g ,

A l varu s Bartholomew of Pisa, H ubert of Casale, Pelagius, but

1 na . ranc . A l F , iii . p . 4 i l i b d q p . 42. ° I 2 1 bid . , p. 5 . 28 BLESSED GILES OF ASS IS I such references are o f quite minor importanc e and are most ly mere reminiscences o r extracts from older and more au tho rit a

s tive sources . Tho e already enumerated are sufﬁcient to Show

n n r c n in that o ly very fragme ta y ac ou ts of B . Giles ex ist the

f nc c chie Fra iscan do uments , apart from the various versions of

n r r l his life which will now be co sidered in g eate detai .

fe A large number of MSS . exist containing the Li o f ff . v c i t o two re B . Giles They may be di ided a cord ng di e nt s ne n is ystems o f classification. O classificatio those which nd n if contain the Short Life a those whic h c ontain the Lo g L e . The ot her c lass ification is those which c ontain the Life by itse lf and c c n n he those whi h o tai the Life as part of a cycle . T

n as it former appears the more satisfactory classiﬁcatio , is

n s n t n v iz. r based upo the most e se tial critical ques io , the autho

Of ship the Life.

c o f Ever sin e the learned editors the COLLEGIUM S . BONA VEN TURAE of Q UARACCHI published in 1 89 7 their edition of “ ” o f n n n the Chronicle the XX IV Generals , co tai ing the Lo g

h as n c nc n n n Life , there bee debate o er i g the relatio between the

n d has n ne ra Lo g Life an the Short Life. There bee ge l

n o n n n s and a n agreeme t based traditio al grou d , especi lly upo

n o f S alim b e ne the testimo y already q uoted , that the author of n and the origi al Life of B . Giles was Brother Leo, the disciple

c o f nc and n n il es . onfessor St . Fra is the i timate frie d of B . G — It is also generally agree d that the original Life in the exact .

m in i — i o w l for which Leo wrote t s n t at present extant. It il b e referred to in these pages as [L ] .

ic to 1 is f u The Short Life, wh h will be referred as L , o nd n in seve MSS . I Co DE x in N V . the CO ENT OF THE FRIARS MINOR m M l z X I V n . OF S . ISIDORE , RO E . , ce tury

' ' ' ' ' P ro Hzc zna zt vita cl u aedam verba sanct z rat r zls l . p q f

' b atm F r anczscu e n m .

' '

I z A d citanda m dev ot zonem nos tram . nc p . ex

' ' ' ' ' Ex l z s u odo s s zm u s al z u a u a no taw t rater c. U e m cn e p g p g , (q ) f

' c Testamentu m S anctz F rancz ci ( ) The s .

c A u rea Vcrba Beati zdii ( ) The Eg . f o f (f) The Short Li e B . Giles .

f o f The ollowing are then the principal MSS . this cycle, containing the Short Life

. Co DEx V f 3 ATICAN US 4 354. The Short Li e is to be

f l - f o . 1 1 2 ound in 43a 5 a. It contains the four additional

f e chapters , to which re erence has be n made as forming part o f “ Actu s B the . This MS. has been very fully and

x d ecul u m P e actly describe by M . Paul Sabatier in his Sp er i is ect on i. x x f (Coll . de Documents, etc . , Tome , pp . cl vi

x x x . f cl vi Following Lemmens, it will be re erred to as B .

CoDEx Y 1 6 : X I 4. ROYAL LIBRAR , BERLIN, 9 late V or

f l 6 3 - 6 8 8 . early XV century. The Short Li e appears in fo . 5

as This MS. also contains the four additional chapters . It h

e been described by M . Sabatier in the volume already quot d ,

- x x x x . pp. cl vii c cvi

. G Z o DEx V 8 5 LIE NIT C , ARCHI ES OF 5. PETER AND . PAUL (date circa The Short Life is in chapters cx x x ix

. O uscul es dc Criti ue His clii . This MS is described in p q ” h f f tori u e . i. . 1 . T e o f . e g , tom , p 3 Li e B Giles is there ollow d by these sentences

u o do cr z u al i o s u Uso c m s psim s gu a guae n tavit fr . Leo oci s

F ranczsci. Amado scribem us al i na u ae notavem nt socii ct S . g g

’ famil i ares ej usdem sanctifratris zEgidii de m ul tis pauca cl valde

notabilia. 6 M I ELL 2 . X ): SC . . CODE CANONICI 5 5 O FORD, BODLEIAN

Y cir f n fo l LIBRAR (date ca The Short Life is ou d in . b- b f n 1 39 1 45 . The our additio al chapters are again present,

f x o f f but preceding the Li e . The te t the Li e ends with words closely similar to those in Liegnitz Usgue modo scr zpsimns al igua guae notavit beams frater verant soczz et famil iares ej usdem boati fratris £ gidzz dc mul tis

M E L X . o DEx ISC L . 2 8 . 7 C CANONICI 5 O FORD, BODLEIAN SOURCES FOR TH E LIFE OF BLESSED GILES 3 1

o f LIBRARY. Last all we come to the MS. containing the text o f the Short Life whi c h forms the basis o f the present M . As no t edition this S . has been hitherto used in connection

. and h as no t n c with the study of B Giles, bee des ribed except

n in a n n c ma y years ago the c talogue of Ca o i i MSS. , it appears best to describe it here. It will be referred to as C . (for n c Cano i i).

2 8 . CANONICI MISC . 5

. n 1 6 x 1 0 m m o n A quarto MS measuri g 4 mm . 5 . , paper

n n 2 2 . r contai i g 3 leaves XV centu y. The signature of the

i e l be c h . n V s o n . 6v P r scribe, Fr Joh de , appears fol 4 . e manic:

' conventu E r ordcns i and 1 6 1 8 r 1 2 r ﬁ , on folios 3r, 3 , 9 , 1 9 9 1 ,

2 V 0 4 .

R br I n n F o l . 1 V. u nomine do mi i I nci it R e ul a t 57 . p g c v ita minor u m ratru m f .

The Rule which follows is that of Honorius as containe d ” l t a in the Bull S o e nnuere .

1 6 . Ex l icit re u l a ratru m m inoru m er ratr Fol. 3r p g f p f cm

- u s I it d t ri r atri E idii 1 6 V. R b : ncs oc na s Fol . 3 p f g lay ci

n n n n a n This sectio co tai s the Golde S yi gs of Brother Giles . It bre aks o ff at the foot of 1 67 v and resum es o n z o 5r c ontinu

Ex l ic bene cia non assant co m r elzendi in 2 1 1 . . g to 7 p . ﬁ p p It is followed by

I na Ad excitandu m sic dev otioncm nostram p. ( ) .

' 2 b i o l ti 6 l i dc enc ia zlr sib la s . 2 r. Ex c. c Fol . p f Followed by the followi ng rubri c ated note

' sm psit propria manu deo l au s semper anno viii in

n 2 26v -2 1 1 n a The remaini g pages, 3 , co tain religious materi l 3 2 BLESSED GILES OF ASSISI

o f no spec ial interest and no t c onnected with the Franciscan

Order. The pages intervening between the two sections o f the

- n i . 6 zo r n . e . 1 v Golde Sayi gs of Brother Giles , from fol 7 5 , are as follows

- T s amc tu m ancti at r is nos tr i 1 68 1 1 6 1 . . e t n s Fol . 9 Title p

D om inu s ita dedit m il: i I nci . p .

li it tes tam e tu san ti at r i n stri ra zsct A m en Ex c n m c s o nc . . p p f

- I n m ine do mini no tri /z su 6 1 0 1 . . n o s e Fol . I 9 v 7 Title j

du m exe l ar I nci . F ac s ecu n m p p .

x t l o r ia in s ecu l a secu l oru m . A men. E plic. e g

- D e er e tio ne au er tatis scilicet l 1 v 1 1 1 . . c F o . 0 7 7 Title p f p p , primo gu al iter beatu s F ranciscu s decl aravit vol u ntatem super la obser vantiam reg u c .

F n r i I nc B e t u s r ci s t s ec t re u . ip . a a scu e f g las

iti d s ru i Ex l ic. E t t er r e ce se nt s c p ( ).

1 l it s cu de arau it ] 1 1 . . u a er atu s ra ci s cl F 0 . 7 Title Q be f[ n ] intentionem cl vol u ntatem gu am lzabu it a pr incipio vsgu e ad

nem su er o bs er u antiam au er tati ﬁ p p p s . Then follows a rubricated heading

D e m il ite v l ente int rare r el z io n m o g e .

L itu r de u oda i I i . nc p eg g m m l ite.

x l i o iu r E p c. dev t s obse u ar et .

! u r e u o tra i it tes . . 1 V . Ex m l m c os os a Fol 7 1 b . p n

I z i u u l etis . . 2 1 . V et om od a e b Fol 1 7 nc p. d e g o c u t am

l ic in l e en . 1 Ex . s u a s r u m A m . 8 . ec cu lo Fol I 3 p . At the foot of this page the signature o f' Johannes Visel n bech agai appears .

n n 2 0 1 n n The remai i g pages up to 5 , where the Golde Sayi gs

c n n an n o f resume , o tai sundry miscell eous devotio al material x n n little interest , e cept for the followi g poi ts

. 1 8 1 i n c n Fol 4 . Th s folio e ds with the rubri ated se tence Hab got lyp vor alle ding

F o l 8 1 n . 1 6 e nc n n . Th co essio s gra ted to the Brothers Mi or SOURCES F OR THE LIFE OF BLESSED GI LES 3 3

by Eugeniu s IV at Florenc e in the year 1 4 3 5 at the supplica n tio of Nicolas de Ansimo .

F 0 ] 61 c n n s n in n . 1 9 o tai s a ver ion of the Pater oster Italia ” a n he c c s c s e in e t . P dre o tro y ielo, ’ 1 a A s in Fol . 9 6V c ont ins a version of the po tles Creed “ ” n in a m n n e tc . n n Italia Credo dio p dre o ipote te, , e di g with the rubri cated word We l c h z The sam e p age c ontains

a s in an n in some moral m xims , al o Itali , but appare tly a

ff n c n di ere t but mu h later ha d . It is difﬁ c ult to determ ine with certainty the question whether Johann v o n Vise lb e c h can be regarded as the sc ribe

r o f the sec tions c ontaini ng the n idiu s m aterial . It is t ue

no t his na n . 2 2 6 1 that the li es at the foot of fol do give me, while they do give a date whic h is no t far di stant from t h e ’ i s n s l b e c h . date o n fol . 1 86 1 whi c h is apparently Johan V e work

A c s am n s c nc s n lo e ex i ation of the MS . lead to the o lu io that ’ Johann Vise lb e c h s handwriting varied a good deal : that som e

c a c c are n m s c n har cteristi s, whi h fou d throughout so e e tio s , are absent in others : that for som e s ec tions he used a different

ink : and n a c nn ss r , ge erally , th t while it a ot be positively a e ted

a c r [ s a s is in th t he was the s ibe who wrote the Egidiu p ge , there

fﬁ c nc as s a a ff n an su ient evide e for signi ng tho e p ges to di ere t h d .

c m s n n n c 2 8 . A o pari o of Ca o i i Misc. 5 with the other M S S

v iz a n n . 6 a s . nu me tio ed , 3 , 4 , 5, bove, will how th t this MS is

m m e c s m a s n doubtedly a e b r , though de idedly a o ewh t di joi ted m F ae ecu u m m l r . n me ber, of the s nd ex e p a cycle It is i ter

n n a ss s s n ff esti g to ote, however, th t it po e se this poi t of di er

nc not c n a n na e e from them , that it does o t i the four additio l

. c a in n 2 n n c . 8 chapters It might eve be o je tured th t Ca Misc. 5 ' we have to deal with the F ae s eennau m ex emplar c ycle in the

n no t in m c m . maki g, but yet the for whi h it assu ed later

n n c The Lo g Life of B . Giles has no t bee dis overed up to s n in i n t . the pre e t any MS . a separa e form It exists solely as a portion of the cyc le known as the Chronic le of the X X IV ” n s X I V c n c m n n Ge eral , a e tury o pilatio to whi c h refere ce has m a n . n c a already bee de (p This Chro i le, admir bly edited

. B N VE d n l O A NTURAE an Vo . by the COLLEGIUM S formi g II I . 34 BLESSED GILES OF ASSIS I o f A nale ta F ranciscana c n n the n c , o tai s Lo g Life of Blessed

- in 1 1 . n c n Giles pp. 7 4 5 The Chro icle , ac ordi g to the

i is n in n n u arac ch . : Q Editors , fou d the followi g thirtee MSS

I c n M u n . s X t c 2 V : . Codex mis . 3 9 , . Lib , As isi (late e ) Cod 53,

n . . nc XV c n . . 2 Leopold . , Med . Laure t Lib , Flore e ( e t ) Cod 7 9 ,

X c n R c card . nc X I . i . V V . . Lib , Flore e (late or early e t ) Cod P

. n . n a X F . . V 37 , Lib. of Co v S Maria A gel , H ll (Tyrol) (late

. . . 1 n . . m XV Cod I G 7 , U iv Lib Le berg, Austria (late

d . X c n o d V . C . in c n . Co . V . . e t ) I I I , C 7 , Nat Lib , Naples ( e t )

i . a A. Annu nc at . . M . D . 1 n . . Lib . of Co v S O F , P rma ( 453)

f . n XV. c nt : . . o n . a other ditto ( e ) Cod 9 L in Lib Co v S Peter , 6 zz X IV a XV . . 1 . Re ato (late or e rly Cod lat 7 5 , Lib

n a XI V c n o in . . m XV : C d. A gel , Ro e (l te e t. or early ) Lib of A I n . . n n X 2 1 nn . D. . V Co v S Ber ardi o, Sie a ( Cod G. ,

. . a X . 1 n . n n n V Lib of Co v S Ber rdi o , Trie t ( I I Cod 34 7 ,

. . V nn A. D . Pal Lib , ie a (

no t fﬁ c n These MSS . do differ among themselves su ie tly to

n c c n e s ec i make it e essary to des ribe them i dividually, more p

a c n c n n ally as full des ription is given in the I trodu tio to A al .

F ranc. . N n n , I I I or will it be ecessary for the prese t purpose

f a n c o n to re er to them separ tely ; the Lo g Life of B . Giles t aine d in c an n L 2 all of them be quoted ge erically as . m n n n are n n . Su mi g up the to this poi t, there exta t seve MSS c n a n n f in o t i i g the Short Li e , L I (two of them by itself separate d an n L2 . . n n n n form) , thirtee MSS co tai i g the Lo g Life , The main question to be solved is Whic h of these two Lives is the nearer to the hypothecated origi nal Life written by Brother Leo ? Or to state the problem in another form 1 n f an n n f IS the Lo g Li e expa sio of the Short Li e, or is the Short Life a precis or abstrac t of the Long Life ? The present

n m na n and writer, after prolo ged exa i tion of the two versio s , after subjec ting them to tests of higher and of lower c rit i — c ism has c c n . , ome to the onc lu sion in agreeme t with P

n m n and and in . n c Leo ardus Lem e s P He ri us Bulletti , disagree

1 " N o t n c s sar in ac i G em but e e ily the ex t fo rm in whic h it is fo u nd n XXIV , r a s in an ar r o rm ro m c 2 i r pe h p e lie f f whi h the pres ent L s de ived . SOURCES FOR TH E LIFE OF BLESSED GI LES 35

. Ort ro to ment with P van y and a lesser extent M . Paul Saba n tier, that the Short Life is the earlier , more authentic versio ,

e o f and the clos r to the original work Leo, and that the Long

f x o r n n f Li e is an e pansion based upon it upo some cog ate orm . The whole trend o f the growth o f Franciscan documents o r materials is on the lines o faccretion rather than of abstrae n n n tion. Ma y i sta ces could be given o f the simple original document ﬁnding its way into the more elaborate and c omplex

e . and later document , g I Celano I I Celano expand with ’ additions from other sources into Bo nave nt u ra s Legend ' - u m P r cti r A B F r nci t i S ecu l e e om etus . a s the p f passes into the , and the Ad a: in its turn gets absorbed into the Specu l u m Vitae

F ae J ew ndu m ex em l ar o n in its p form , which later evolves

cu l u m e into the Spe Vita in its printed form . Nor is this pro cess one pe culiar to Franciscan documents . It is the charac te ris i e — t c medie val method. The medi val author especially — the chronicler or hagiographer was generally a compiler : he

u e s a habit ally us d the cissors and p ste method .

s o f . x o ne Consequently , if two Live B Giles e ist , a short o ne n o ne n a and the other a much lo ger , contai ing the gre ter

a o f f n p rt the Short Li e, it is antecede tly probable that the Short Life will prove o n examination to be the original and the f n n Long Li e the compilatio . It would of course be goi g — too far to de ny the possibility o f the Opposite process that o f c n n ontractio . Such a position would be ma ifestly untenable , ’ fo r a r co m Cod. in St. Isidore s , Rome , is cle rly a me e

endiu m o f p L I . It remains , however , true that the whole problem might not unreasonably be approached with the pre

is supposition that the Long Life likely to be a compilation, o f which the Short Life is o ne element. It has already bee n pointed out that L I is found in two

- L2 n . r e f n as e MSS in a sepa ate , s l contai ed form , where is owh re s n found as a separate entity. From these fact the deductio is

1 na n ure It is quite tru e that in the matter o f individual incidents St. Bo ve t c ur a s ra er an an hi rc s as o z oin s ou t in his u en zur t il th th exp ds s sou e , G et p t Q ell ” ' sc c des hl ranz vo n ss s . 8 but a o es not sﬂwt his en ra Ge hi hte . F A i , p 9 , th t d g e l m o f eth d o absorb ing a number of so urc es into one. L 1 f that was originally composed as a separate document , be ore “ ” it came to be in c orporated in the F ae s eenndnm ex empl ar

: L2 n r cycle but that ever existed sepa ately, and ﬁrst assumed its present form from the pen o f the compiler o f the Chronicle o fthe XX IV Generals Now it is generally admitted that the “ Chronic le of the X X IV General s was no t completed much ” 1 F ae seaen nm ex em lar c c before 37 4 , whereas the d p y le was in ex istence by This points to L I as muc h the earlier document. These arguments may perhaps be discou nted as vague

n n c n n ge eralities . Whe the a tual docume ts are ha dled , striking n results are obtai ed . L 2 soon reveals itself as a mere c ompilation : the two

a n n o f largest elements are ( ) L I and (b) the Golde Sayi gs B . Giles : but in addition the author o r compiler can be Shown to have drawn upon (e) the Legend of the Three Companions .

d n e n o r ( ) The Lege d of Andrew of Spello . ( ) Either I Cela o ’ ’ Liber de L ai u s n o f Vita . the au b of Ber ard Bessa . (f) The f

L eo nis S ecu l u m Vitae. Tes tam entu m S F ranairci. in p (g ) The . ﬁ (It ) Other u nknown sources no t at present identi ed . The presenc e of (a) and (b) can be easily demonstrated by L 2 n n n going through , u derli i g the portions which agree verbally o r n n n substa tially with the two docume ts in questio . The use of the Legend of the Three Companions will be

- 6 in n o f n o f . es : found on pp. 7 5 7 the arrative the receptio B Gil

s this episode raises several critical problems of special intere t.

n nc o f L2 n e a e n The depe de e u po the Thr e-Comp nions will be se 3 by setting out the parallel pass ages and indicating in capitals the points of verbal similarity

X X I G L2 . V en. ( ) ‘ E o de m vero tempore beatus Co e pe ru nt POST DUOS AN NOS

n ut n s raec o A SUA Fra ciscus, ovu p CONVERSIONE viri qui

” For nc in su o r o ft s a see o r ns n . ranc s of ssis evide e pp t hi d te J . J e ge e , St F i A i, ‘ 1 1 2 . . An ranc . . . 666 . 9 , p 39 3 al . F , III p ‘ In these qu o tatio ns it appears b es t to co py the extrac ts fro m the prinmd versio ns ou a t ra ons o f s n e use o f u and with t l e ti pelli g, g. v. ’ arc no da Civ ez za s o n 0 M elli editi p . 5 .

3s BLESSED GILES OF ASSISI the giving o f the mantle to a poor woman : in position the incident is given by both L I and L 2 immediately after the n an e n reception of B . Giles. The Three Companio s give t ire ly different account o f the incident in Chapter X I : their

. G Legend does no t attribute the act to B iles by name , but ff to a c ertain secular brother the whole setting is di erent , and yet there are certain remarkable similarities o f diction w L2 and n x as bet een Three Compa ions, which do not e ist between L I and L 2 .

L 2 . X X I V Gen. ( ) E t STATIM VISUM fuit sibi STATIM 1 VISUM est QUOD ILL A COELUM ASCEND e i QUOD e lee mo syna ILLA E T SE NSIT P ROTINUS ASCENDISSET ET ERAT, in COELUM , P ERF ND E N IT G no vo GAUDIO SE U I. S S NOVO AUDIO SE PER

FUNDI.

The handiwork o fthe copyist and compiler is quite mani

n n o f fest in this se te ce. The authors the Three Companions have the ﬁgurative idea that the alms ascends into heaven

o f L2 and n the compiler fails to grasp the ﬁgure , says i stead that the woman ascended into heaven ! n n a We have ext the i cident o f the journey of St . Fr ncis

and . o f B Giles to the March Ancona .

X X I en L 2 V G . ( . )

2 BEATUS autem FRANCISCUS BEATUS FRANCISCUS , assu statim cum FRATRE ZEGIDIO mens FRATREM E GIDIUM

MARCHIAM G ivit MARCHIAM AN versus AN ONI secum , in

e rr i Et N AN TONAM p e x t. SANCTUS CO IT AM vir SANC ET TUS ET VOCE ALTA CLARA DECAN , ALTA CLARA VOCE TANS GALLICE per viam D o m laudes Domino GALLICE CAN l m a niﬁce c o l audab at . inum g TANS , DIXIT autem Tandem m xrr FRATRI AEGI Sanctus Franciscus ad FRA “ m o : SIMILIS ERI T NOSTRA TREM AEGIDIUM NOSTRA G I MIT G ERI T RELI IO P SCATORI , QUI RELI IO SIMILIS PISCA TIT MITTIT RETIA SUA IN AQUAM, TORI , QUI RETIA SUA C AP I ENS M ULTITUDINEM CAP IENS P ISCI M PIS IN AQUAM, U

c 3 L 8 L . . 7 6. .c . 5 . SOURCES FOR THE LIFE OF BLESSED GILES 39

CIUM COP IOSAM M ULTI TUDIN EM COP IOSAM ET , ET MAGNOS , C RE RELI N UENS ELI IT, PARVOS IN AQUA PARVOS IN AQUA Q , ” LIN EN E t mira u s es t C in su a QU S . t MAGNOS ELI IT vasa frater E gidius de hu iu smo di

ro he t ia vide ns v ad p p , par um

nu m eru m huc esse fratrum . LICET AUTEM Sanctus adhu c LICET AUTEM vir D e i no n POPULO no n PLENE P RAEDI dum PLENE POPULO P RAEDI TAME N HORTABATUR TAME N CARET , CARET ,

m u lie res UT HORTABATUR n UT per loca viros ac , om es , ama DEUM dilige rent ET TIME rent E T TIMBRENT DEUM at RENT e t P OE NI TE NTIAM fa que P OE N ITENTIAM age re nt

ce re nt P ECCATIS E t DE P ECCATIS . DE . FRA E G UT R E G TER IDIUS , sibi C ED FRATER autem IDIUS

ERE NT dice re t ADMONE BAT audie nt e s UT E I , cum OPTIME , , ADMON E BAT CREDERE NT . , quia eis OPTIME

c o nsu le b at

The historical acc uracy o f the Three Companions and of the compiler o f L2 in the m atter of this inc ident has been

c n n n severely riticise d . For the Three Compa io s alo e gives n n this account of a miss ionary journey u ndertake whe St .

nc re n s n Fra is had th e disciples o ly. Both Thoma of Cela o and . n n are n n St Bo ave tura sile t as to such a jour ey, and both

c c n n and speak of the o asio whe the eight set forth , two two ,

. m as n as the ﬁrst Still , the Si ile to the ﬁsher has the ge uine

n c n n and s Fra cis a ri g about it, doubtle s both the Three Com panions in rec ordi ng it and L 2 in c opyi ng it are going back ‘ an n c n to authe ti traditio . The u se of the Legend of Andrew of Spello is fou nd o n

- . 1 0 0 1 0 1 an n n f pp , where i cide t is attributed to the li e of

. n u arac c hi in B A dreas of Burgu ndy. The Q Editors say a ’ n : I aem r er tnr tie B A nd r a ex H s ell o 1 2 de foot ote ef . e y p (1 54) ” ua vide B r i ev ar iu m R S er a /z et A ta anctoru m u nii . om . e S q p . 3 j A eta S a f net . u nii an n o The 3 j , p. 3 57 , give accou t o f m in 1 68 Andreas Spello . They quote a state ent copied 9

1 a so . 6 See l p 4 . 4o BLESSED GILES OF A SSIS I

f c m n Tar u rinis 1 68 rom an earlier do u ent by Joh de g , dated 3 , purporting to be a c ompendium o fan earlier work by Thomas

His ll M i i 1 a e as n. n n 2 0 p Ord . , writte 7 . The p ssage is as , follows M CCX LI X A ndreas in conv entu Carceris fu it a

' B ambino [ es u s u a pr aesentia consol atus s ee! a s onanao vespertino

er tu r batu s u oniam cu m r el in u ere o u s u it eu ndi ratia ad p q q p f , g ' ’ Ve B s eras . E t os tea reaiens s u oito es u s ci aix it ene p p , j ' is i r i ni e ec t A na co s s i al ter eczls es lt ic m e non inve ss s . f , , f s ,

’ P o tes al i u anao r el in u er Cr eat r ro e tu ra S e u ere e o em cr a . g q p q ,

’ s e u er e o m er tibi ro itiu s r e se e o . g , g p p p It would appear that the c ompiler o f L 2 has c onfused And reas of Burgu ndy with A ndreas o fSpello and has quoted

h im a n this story about , prob bly from the origi al work of Th o m as of Spello whic h is no w k nown only in the

Co m endiu m n Tar urinis p of Joh de g . A t least one pas sage in L 2 appears to be a quotation or a rem ini scenc e either from the Firs t Life of Thomas of Celano ’ m Liber ae L a i s or fro the u d bu s of Bernard of Be sa. This is

assa o n s o f at n the p ge p . 7 9 , of the distre s B . Giles bei g called c an and na a hypo rite by a priest . Both Cel o Ber rd tell the “ ”

s r c a n . to y of a ert i n brother without spec ifyi g B . Giles O n the whole it is m ore likely that Bernard of Bessa was the s rc m c c m L 2 ou e fro whi h the o piler of drew . There is little

nc an s n o f evide e, if y, that he had ever ee the First Life

an c c s n s c Cel o , whi h had of our e bee suppres ed as mu h as

ss his po ible before time. It is difﬁ c ult to determ ine from what s ource the c ompiler “ L 2 his s in ac in X X V of derived story, u ed three pl es the I ”

n c ns . as Ge erals , how Brother Leo o ulted B Giles to the breaking of the v ase in whi c h Elias of Cortona was c ollect in s n c g gift for the erec tion of S an Fra c es o . The story is fou nd in a form possess ing m arked Sim ilarities to that o f L 2 in Vita f L o i i u l m i e n in 1 the f e n s n the Spec u V ta pri ted 50 9 . It would of c ourse be questio nable to assert that L 2 drew

n S ecu l u m Vitae n upo the p , whe in view of the relative dates

c c the opposite pro ess might have been the ase. But there is SOURCES FOR THE LI FE OF BLESSED GILES 4 1

good reason to suppose that the Specu l u m Vitae printed in 1 50 9

is n c n based upo very much more primitive do ume ts , probably

’ L 2 and m a n an o e L 2 s c . terior to , it y quite well be of sour es

I n e a i . n c v z . A na F ranc o l . . . at least pl e , p 7 7 , of , I I I , use

h as o f nc is been made the Will of St . Fra is, where it recorded

. n ar n his how B Giles, if unable to ear a b e livi g by labours re cu rre b at AD M E NSAM DOMIN I FETENDO E LE E MOSYNM OSTIATI M

u t al l c n a n n ac c B when these sour es have bee t ke i to ount , there still remains in L 2 a considerable res iduum which it has

r been impossible so far t o trace to any pa ti c ular s ourc e. It is possible that some day some fresh source will be disc overed from which this u nk nown m aterial will be derived : but o n the whole it is more likely th at this residuum c o nstitutes part

n a n c w as n n of the ﬂoati g or l traditio , whi h ha ded dow in nn i n anc . co ect o with the early di sc iples of St . Fr is

fﬁ c n n sa m n a L 2 Su ie t has bee id , however, to de o str te that is a mere compilatio n whic h yield s readily to literary solvents and r n s m an n d ops into it s c o stituent element . The i port t poi t

n o ne m n in and a t he ac n to otice is that ele e t it , th t b kbo e of

m n c s in a a m and a s it , is the docu e t whi h appear a sep r te for l o ’ ” in F ae secu nau m ex em l ar c c c m n c h as the p y le, the do u e t whi h

n as o s no t s : c ann bee quoted L I . L I d e drop to bit L I ot be shown to be derived from earlier sourc e s and why ?

s c is o ne m an Becau e it is a whole , be ause it the work of who was an t no t a c m : and so no t r au hor, o piler if , why Brothe Leo

? s s n nc c . himself For thi po itio , other evide e will be produ ed

n s c m a nc m a Before leavi g this a pe t of the tter, refere e y be

o ne c a L 2 c is no t n in . made to pe uli rity of , whi h fou d L I There are seven vernac ul ar passages in L 2 f 1 6 . B0 bo m c o . ( ) P. 3 , , olto di o e poco

2 no n a . ( ) Faite , faite e parl te

N o n dic is l a s ed dic is c a c a. (3) , la , ,

be co n c he . 2 . e (4) P . 9 O , tu sei ] 1 0 1 . 0 0 ( 5) mi fratello, be fratello, o amor fratello, 0 ] nu c c he no . fami astello, abia pietra e ferro be fratello,

u na c c he no li name. fami ittade, abia pietra e g i c r io no n li n 6 . 1 0 2 . a e e sa sco in no ( ) P Lasciami , se alto, posso cadere.

1 1 0 se i io n et chi n io (7 ) P. . Chi tu , cui addima do so o ’ t ado m ando che . It is noteworthy that all these vernacular passages com e in sections which have nothing corresponding to them in L I . From this somewhat detailed examination of the version ’ “ f f n in n o f XX o f B. Giles Li e ou d the Chro icle the IV ” n c n t o Generals, it is ecessary to revert on e agai the Short Life

and o f Leo o r L I consider its claims to be the work Brother , at any rate to be nearer to h is work than any other known

n In u se an versio . doing this, it will be necessary to some at y

n n in his rate of the admirable argume ts used by Fr . Lemme s l v an rt ro S . . controversy with Fr. O y , J It is ﬁrst of all to be observed that the Short Life L I in

each MS . claims to be the work of Brother Leo in the most categorical terms . S t ’ n Codex ( Isidore s , Rome) e ds with the following words as to it s authorship

X I nn m n Codex F , 9 (Sie a) is ore deﬁ ite ’ E xpl ici t vita sancti Egiaii scripta et compil ata p er fratrem i F L eonem s ociu m eiu s et sanct rancisci.

The Liegnitz Codex ends thus

Us u e m odo scri sim u s l i n uae tavit r L eo s ociu s g p a g a q no f .

n n 2 Codex Ca o ici Misc. 5 5 (Oxford) says ' Usqu e m oao scr ips im u s al igu a qu ae no tavit beatu s frater

L eo sociu s sancti F r c , ancis i.

Can 28 n Codex . Misc . 5 (Oxford) goes eve further Expl icit vita beati Egidii gu am comp osu it frater L eo et ” scr s it ro r ia m a u ip p p n .

l - L emm ens D ocumenta Anti u a r ancisc ana . . 6 ans r , q F , i pp 9 3 , we ed

b v an Ortro in Anal ecta B ol l andiana t o m . . . I I I et se . : t o c y y , xxi pp q whi h

- mm ns r s m o s f c in D oc Anti . F ranc. . . 8 1 2 Le e eplie t e fe tively . q , iii pp . SOURCES FOR THE LIFE OF BLESSED GI LES 4 3

It is scarcely necessary even to point out with what re serve and caution any su c h ascription to a medi e val author is must be taken . But it fair to comment that L I clai ms n n i Leo i e authorship n a way that L2 does no t . Unfortunately we do no t possess a s i ngle document which can be u nhesitatingly accepted as the work o f Brother Leo f n m a a an and o him alo e. There y be good deal of his h di

in m in S ecu l u m P er ectionis work , probably a derived for , the p f it is generally admitted that he was o ne o f the traditional ” “ n n Three Compa ions , but to what exte t we possess their “ original work either in the doc ument no w known as L eg enda Triam S aciar am or in any other form is a problem of great ’ No r c an m m ns n he . t complex ity Fr . Le e attributio to Leo of ” Li er int tio ne sancti F r a ci a f ro P b dc en ncis nd o Ve a S . the . ” l F ranci sci o m , be accepted with ut reserve, though he has ade

c n n r is no t at n an out a good ase . Co seque tly the e prese t y ﬁxed standard o fc omparison by whic h the Leoni ne autho rship

2 s of either L I o r L can be te ted . The most generally s atisfac tory tes t whic h c an be applied

o f c c c ac isno t c r t o o is that histori al a ur y, provided that it a ried

in an c a s a c c m far, or used too ped ti pirit. For ex mple, the riti is u m c n n c L 2 sc n which has e tred arou d the hapter in , de ribi g the

o f . nc s at a no t visit St Louis of Fra e to B . Gile Perugi , has always distinguished between hi stori c al ac c u racy and genuine

n n a nc c nn c ness of traditio . Gra ted th t evide e a ot be produ ed

s was in a . to Show that St . Loui ever It ly or ever visited B Giles

no t a no t a at Perugia , that does of itself prove th t the story is

n n f . ge ui e and integral part of the Legend o B Giles . That particular story is full of the u nm istakable Franc iscan spirit : but the questio n whether it is histori c ally ac c urate o r no t is o n quite a different plane from the questio n whether it

can be ac cepted as part o fthe original tradition or no t . and It is , however, both fair proﬁtable to apply to the two

e n and L 2 c in s v rsio s L I the test , as to whi h matter of fact approaches the more c losely to the a scertained results of his t o rical n in study. The result will be fou d to be favour of L I ,

1 - - mm ns D oc. Anti . ranc . ar . . 1 0 6 ar . . 1 2 1 . Le e , q F , P t I pp 7 5 , P t III pp 5 44 BLESSED GILES OF ASSISI ' an additional reason for regarding L I as the nearer to Brother

’ are s m Leo s work . Here ome exa ples n The ﬁrst relates t o the exac t pl ac e whither B . Giles we t

anc and n m . n to meet St . Fr is joi hi self to him The accou t in L I is quite c lear dir igit g r ess u s s u os ad eccl esiam S anctae M ar iae de

P o r tiu ncu l a u ai beatu s F ranci cu s cu m dictis du oau s r atr ibu s , s f

r aaatu r u em l ocu m rater {ﬂ idius z no rabat . Cu m au tem , q f g jg ass et in t r iv ia ux ta lzos ital a l e r osor u m dev ote o r ationi s e dedit j p p , u t ill i ' i naretu r u c s ne imp edim ento aligu a D om inu s cu m dir zlgere d g .

s s n c 1 anc This tate deﬁ itely three fa ts : ( ) that St . Fr is was then living with his ﬁrst two followers at Sanc ta Maria de

P o rt iu nc la 2 u . s no t n , ( ) that B Gile did k ow that Spot, (3) that ’ - he arrived ﬁrs t at the c ross roads near the Lepers Hospital . L 2 gives quite a different ac c ount

v er s us hos ital e l e r osar u m s e t r ans tu l it u ai tu ne acu tu s p p , F r anciscu s in gu odam tug u r io d erel icta cu m frat r e B er nardo de ” u inta th ii r batu r Q val l e et frat r e P et ra Ca an m o a .

s m n is nc his Here the tate e t that St . Fra is with two followers — — ’ was livi ng no t at Sanc ta M ari a but near the Lepers Hospital i m - n a n i e at . tu ble dow hut , . . Rivo Torto I ngeniou s atte m pts have been made to rec onc ile these d n s a m n s c c s n nc in iverge t t te e t , whi h orre po d to diverge ies the

na s m s a n r is other early rrative . The o t uthoritative ar ative that of Tho m as of Cel ano in h is Firs t Life : he s tates C learly (Chapter 2 1 ) that those early days were s pent at Sancta Maria

coe it ibidem ass idu us com m o r a r i and was ( p ), that it after the

s an s n is vi it of St . Fr c i a d h eleven followers to Rome for the a a a a at pprov l of the Rule , th t they took up their bode Rivo

in a an ne m n . s n a Torto the b do d hut The te ti ony of St. Bo ave tur

ac a 8 and IV agrees ex tly with this (Ch pters II , , So also

n e n n c can does the Lege d of the Thr e Compa io s , whi h , if it be n as c c a ns w a m c . take a urate, expl i the hole m tter ost learly The ﬁrs t hom e of the Fou nder and his disc iples was S anc ta l a P o rt iu nc u l a i a . s n I X M ria de Thu Ch pter , just before the c n . s n a omi g of B Gile , that Lege d s ys

Vir au tem D ei F rancis cu s du obu s u t di t u m es t ratr ibu s , , c , f

1 arc . da . edn. . 6 . M ell Civ , p 5

in rim ordio rel z ionzs fo r correctly described as p jg , the Order was no t recognised and did no t o ﬂicially come into being unt il

as L2 in n the visit to Rome. Be that it may, placi g the

f c n n reception o B . Giles at Rivo Torto is almost ertai ly i ac

and has o r no . in curate little support Further , assum g that Rivo Torto and the deserted b ut can be identiﬁed with the ’ n n Lepers Hospital outside Assisi , the LI versio becomes eve n “ clearer. B . Giles directs his steps to Sa cta Maria which place he did not know he passes Rivo Torto and it is there

n n a l that he seeks divi e guida ce as to th e w y. He assured y ’ would not have prayed for guidance where to ﬁnd the Lepers H ospital any child in Assisi would have known that but he

no n n might quite well t k ow where Sa cta Maria was . Another example of the superior historical authority o f L I is in the incident o f the missionary journey with St. Francis

c n n n n ad to the Mar h of A co a . The argume t from sile ce is m i e dl n n n an tt y a da gerous one. L I says othi g about y such

o f journey either immediately after the conversion B . Giles or n n i deed at all . H ere agai L I is supported by the best and

t s o f n and . most au horitative ources, Thomas Cela o St Bona

n n c n n ve tura. The jour ey to the Mar h of Anco a rests upo

nc L 2 n o f the evide e of , supported only by the Lege d the

m an n is no t has Three Co p io s . It impossible that the story a basis of truth : the fact that Thomas o f Celano does no t mention it is no t conc lusive against it still less the fact that

. n n no t n n c St Bo ave tura does me tio it, for he makes practi ally no histori c al statem ents outside what he borrows from Thomas f n in n o . s nc Cela o But the ab e e of further positive evide ce ,

L I must o n this m atter be regarded as superior to L 2 . To su m up the whole c ase for L I as nearer to the original work of Brother Leo than L2

1 n is m n . It is antecede tly unlikely that L I a co pe dium of

2 L 2 c an n c n . be Show to be a complex work , a ompilatio

n ffe n c from Six or seve di re t sour es .

in c c n n L I is pra ti al ly every k ow MS . attributed to

n nam Brother Leo , ge erally by e . i n L2 s c c in i s m n o f ac . 4 . L I more a urate t state e t f ts tha SOURCES FOR THE LIFE OF BLESSED GILES 47

n c Havi g thus rea hed the position that the Short Life,

n c t e n described ge eri ally as L I , is superior to h Lo g Life , L 2 n n described as , because it is earer to the origi al work of

as n Brother Leo, already described [L], it remai s to attempt to represent in diagrammatic or genealogical form the inter relationship between the various extant texts or groups of texts.

o f c n m an m na n o f . Fi rst all , it becomes ertai fro exa i tio C a X I n 2 8 nd . . n (Cod . Canonici 5 ) S (F 9 , Sie a) that these two

c a and c n n . MSS . are very losely rel ted have a ommo proge itor x m n in c The best e a ple of this is, as freque tly occurs the ompari n m n c . o f . an son MSS , obvious istake or blu der ommo to both

n 6 u os beatu s r anciscus direxit ad diu er O page 5 C . reads g f

I n is l u . a s as v t mo nerent p opu m S reads the s me . both it “ ” A rau incias necessary to supply from . the word p after “ n A n m s is o n a 8 diu ersas to make se se. other i take p ge 5 init ad sanctu m j acobu m (7 ad sanctu m A ng el u m (9 ad sanctu m ” “ d ri . and . a s a Ny oolau m de B a . Both C S h ve the word ” s anctu m acobu m c a s n n j , whi h are probably mi take repetitio

nd w s a . . from the previous paragraph. A . B omit those ord

Another example is o ne where it is uncertain whether A . “ 6 tu ne se tim o ann u e and . n 0 : o s is right o r C . S O page p canu ersianis misit cu m ad quadda m nerem ito r iu m nam ine ” in n i F abr iane and . n . C . S agree stati g that it was the ” “ in a n n sex to anno . seve th year. A . says But dditio to these more striking cases there are scores of m inor variants A and . a n in whic h C . S agree as ag i st m One remarkable general featu re Shared in c om on by C .

n o f n s and S. is the omissio the rubricated headi g to the several

n s an o r chapters . O the whole thi points to early date,

c n dependence upon an early source . The rubri ated headi gs

are probably late. A s might be expected there are a number of cases in whic h

is a and . c there is agreement betwen C . S whi h Shared lso by

o d Vat o n et B . . , as exempliﬁed by C Thus page 54

1 h as no t b n a to o r s o u t in a as has The pres ent editor ee ble w k thi det il , he

n V t. has o r d u o n . ar an s n b o t had ac c es s to a 4354. He w ke p the B v i t give y n i o s Lemm e s n his fo o tn te . ’ did m t jo in till later. N am sim ia r c n m pie s o f zgrm

” de lamg e fm te s : mge pag e

that [ J e re m m e whaa d ow y c nnnm A mo ng

“ o f h sm W N u a m t e q . i ' V - w ' e n o f m - z n o m sm sent m c e r n m ﬁ m . g g

F u rt h e r t b e re are a fe w si m th t h mm m ' ﬁ h g c .

d h ut so m e what sl i h zl Th e bm t m m le is o an . S. , g y p Q g M W t th e who le se ctio n

' which is in C and S and alm in l a is no t m A m B. m

’ m ay be int e r p re t e d to sho w t hat the o o m prl e r nf l z had x cess t o t he co m m o n o ri inal o f and S aa v e il z s m A g C ,

l l y th ere are ce rtain feanx es pe c ul iar tn ﬁ c and ﬂ i whic h ind cate a c o rm e ct io n in so u rce bet w een the se two .

e int rre ti n t he 31 ma be tentativ e i re re e la o of 55 . y y p

ex t r aneou s so u rces of L2 SOURCES FOR TH E LIFE OF BLESSED GILES 49

n n n n n For co ve ie ce of refere ce the MSS . i dicated by letters r d h in n are epeate here, t ose bei g hypothetical

L n o f L [ ] O rigi al work eo . X and [ ] Common source of C . S .

m n c . and r o f [Y] Co mo sour e of B (more emotely) A.

a n n c 2 8 . C Ca o i i Misc. 5 X nn . I S Sie a F 9 .

Collectively L I . B Vatica n 4 354 .

’

. m A S Isidore s , Ro e,

L 2 n XX n a Chro icle of I V Ge er ls.

s in c nc n n th e The author wishe , o lusio , to tha k authorities o f the Bodleian Library and Co ngregation of the Univers ity

c s in s n n an n c of Oxford for their ourte y e di g the C o i i MS . to

r n s n n m n the Libra y of U iver ity College , Lo do , for several o ths for his use ; Profes sor Robert P rie b sc h for his advic e and help a n in determi ni ng the i nterrel ation of t he M SS . ; Mr. L ure c e Solomo n for his as s istanc e in s ettli ng c ertai n difﬁc ult readi ngs

n M r his n n ss in A. . in the Lati n text ; a d . G Little for ki d e reading the proofs and m aki ng m os t valuable suggestions

U o n p them .

X OF A 2 TE T C NONIC I MISC . 5 8 AND N TRA SLATION .

[In editing the Latin text the following pri nciples have been followed Contractions universally recognised are not indicated in

the text. Italics are reserved in order to indicate th at the editor is

n n n c 2 departing from the readi g of the MS . Ca o i i Misc . 5 8 ,

is s o r c n which the ba is . Where a letter word is ha ged , that

in s and n letter or word is put italic the MS . readi g given in a footnote : wher e a letter or word or even a sentenc e is sup

c in c n ac s plied , it is pla ed itali s betwee square br ket .

s c In order to render the text more ea ily legible , the apital

i has no t n : al l isat o n of the MS . bee followed proper nam es

c so no t and are spelt with apitals, whether the MS . does or capitals no t required for proper nam es or for the beginning

nc no t of sente es are kept .

F o r n r has n s the sake of u ifo mity , v bee u ed throughout

n and in ns. i itially, u all other positio The Lati nity of the text is often peculiar and sometimes

m n c c c bad : obvious istakes have bee orre ted , but pe uliarities

c s e and sibi c r n of usage, su h as the use of , where the or espo d

o f is ill e o r z s e c f ing forms , p would be expe ted , have been le t , The sections o f the text have been numbered : the nu m bers used are for c onvenience of referenc e the same as those used by Lemmens in his edition in D ocu menta A ntigu a F r an uo MODo V AD F RAN CI l Q FRATER EGIDIUS ENIT SANCTUM SCUM. 2 d [F OL 2 1 7 v . ] Ad e x c it andam euo t io ne m no stram vt fe ru e nt iu s lab o re m us ali u a in opere dei , q verba domi ni

nc e s t O e ra magna Opera eius, que spiritus sa tus p t u s in bea t issimo sanc to s ic u t patre nostro Egidio , a sociis suis int el l ex i 3 eo de m m u lt o t ies n l au de m ab patre nostro audi i , ad dei 81

e diﬁcat io nem animaru m no st raru m indi nu s scriaere ad , licet g [ “ cu r au i]. Ipse enim met dic e b at : Quanto aliqu is plus dili

o e rat u r n geret bonum alterius , quod dominus p in ipso, ta to

ill u d n e fﬁ ce re t u r magis bo um suum bonum, dum modo sc ire t ill ud e x fruc tare l u c rari e t no custodire, quia bonum n est

se d diceb at : s um s irit u alis sicu t hominis, dei Item Non p , de b e re m 81 no n au de o n , multum diligo g de bo o alterius , n c o nt risto r c o n atio r 81 t rib u lat io ne eque p de malo alterius,

n v nde de b e re m lu c rari l u c ro r v nde ideo de bo o malo non , ' ‘ o ﬂe ndo c arit ate m m inu itu r nc in ec cat u , bonum i ido p m

1 Vt c o nu e rsio nis sue s . autem ab ipso primordio dominu 5 ostender et no u u m n ediﬁc iu m su e redi nobis , quod mag um p

ﬁcare t se ruo su o m a nam e t re ro at iu am rat iam infu dit in , g p g g

e u m adhu c in h s ec u l ari. super , etiam cum esset abitu Nam

au disse t u ib u sdam c o nsan u ine is 81 aliis cum a q g suis ab , vide

d u o b u s nn co nu e rs io ne m F ranc isc i licet a is post beati , qua liter Be rnhard us sanctus de Q u intavall e exemplo e t consilio ipsiu s sancti sec u ndum p e rfe c t io ne m sancti e wangel ii vendi derat omnia bona de consilio beati F ranc isc i d is t rib u e rat in

’ 1 r n A has an n ro u c o r s n nc Hic nc a e t Lemm ens ve sio ( .) i t d t y e te e i ipit vit ua am rba s anc ra r a [ E idii m a na c o nt em l atio nis u i u u ar u s q ed ve ti f t i g g e p , q f it q t ” F r i r a s ns a : nc a ra r e in o rdine po s t b eatu m anc s cu m . S . e d i te d I ipit vit f t i ” E idii o r n ra rum m no rum . De innitio e nit e ntie m o e t ﬁne . g de di e f t i p , edi The intro duc to ry sentenc e is pro b ab ly a later add itio n to the o rigi nal text ; for a dis " e nsa o u o f ras u ar us in o r n se e m m ns D oc . Ant . r anc . . i the ph e q t di e, Le e , F , I P P 3 exc itandum . a s au rib us m s MS . A dd ei 4 5 . r a s mit t am r a s vnde dic er e t MS e d MS . e d 0 r s ma n m ra r t ivam t rat m A. ead g a p e o ga e g ia p re se nt ia s u a p au pe rib u s multis c o ad u nat is in platea sancti

v b i n n e st n sanct e c n Georgii , u c mo asteriu m Clare, statim o

ualit e r l o u e re t u r n vt rec i e re cepit, q q cu m beato Fra cisco, p t 1 r e d ipsum [FOL 2 1 8 . ] t in u e re t si eut fratre m Be m hardu m 2 81 n frat re m P e t ru m u i fu e ru n sa ctum , q t primi fratres post i E beatum F ranc sc u m . t quia v e lo c ite r c u rrit sermo [diu inus ]

s irat s ic ut s e u e nt i m ane s u r e ns v e lo c i e r iu i p placet, q [ ] g t t ad e c c l es iam n so l e m nitas eo sa cti Georgii , cuius p die celebraba 3 n de u o te 81 s e c c le siam s n e tur, ora s oblation facta, apud a ct

P o rt iunc u la diri it re s so s v b i “ Marie de g g suos , beatus Fran c iscu s cum d uo b u s suis fratrib u s m o rab at u r ; quem locum quia

i no rab at t riu io i frater Egidius g , cum esset in ux ta ho spitale ‘ l e ro so ru m de uo te o ratio ni se v t illu c n n p dedit, domi us Si e impedimento aliquo ipsum dirigere dignare tu r ; quem dominus c o nd ux it t riu iu m iu x ta s ist e ns ad locum desideratum, qui ibi

c in n E t cepit ogitare desiderio iam co cepto . quia est domi nus prope omnibus inu o cant ib u s e u m in veritate 81 desiderium

au e ru m su o ru m e x au dire c o nsu e u it n p p , statim ve it beatus 6 n acce de ns o rat io ne m sil u am Fra ciscus ad ad , que ibidem 6 de ns f . v i au isu s prope erat Quem rater Egidius g est valde, p ro c ide ns ad pedes eius : a quo qu e rit s anctus Franciscus quid “ R e s o ndit s dice s vellet . p frater Egidiu n : Vo lo esse vobis “ n n n in u it f cum Cui dixit sa ctus Fra ciscus Mag um, q , ecit

i u s in i n do m n . u t v e nisse t tibi do um [ ] Esto, q , quod Imperator A ssisiu m 81 vellet aliqu e m de c iu itat e illa eligere in suum

c am e rariu m e sse nt aﬂe ct are nt . militem vel , multi , qui hoc an Qu to magis debes reputare maius donum , quod de tribu 7 " l at io nib u s 81 v o cauit m dominus te elegit ad curia suam . Quem manu propria e rige ns sanctus Franciscus ad e c c les iam m e m o rat am du x it v o c au it ue fratrem Be m hard u , q sanctum m

1 a s s c u m c is su rﬂuo us MS . dd e whi h pe . 2 A. fr t r S il e st um . and 8 . a r . i m ti n adds et a em v r B g ee with C n o it g . 3 c e l b r tu r . vot MS . e e MS de i “ “ r ads r ns ab o ratio ne a s a us a r in La revertens A. e ede ilv th g ee g with , " s a u bi iv erat ad o randu m . de ilv , 3 a s ﬂ u MS . dd su per uo s. 7 A and . r r us mm ns rr s s t o his o mnb us . B . S ead t ib Le e co ec t thi i C u here a ars b s ppe the e t text . AN D TRANSLATIO N 55

George (where no w stands the convent of Saint Clare he bethought him fort hwith that he would hold converse with

nc and c Blessed Fra is, beseech him to re eive him and clothe n him , as he had do e to Brother Bernard and to the holy Brother Peter who were the ﬁrst brothers after Blessed And n nn and Francis. si ce the word o f Go d ru eth swiftly

o n bloweth where it listeth , he rose betimes the next day and in n went haste to the Church of Sai t George , whose 2 f was n s : east that day bei g ob erved there he prayed devoutly,

v n r c c n and ha ing been prese t at the g eat Sa riﬁ e , he tur ed his st eps towards the Churc h o f Sai nt Mary of the P o rt iu ncu la n n ’ where Blessed Fra cis the abode with his two brothers.

n n no t c n But si ce Brother Giles k ew this pla e, whe he was at ’ o -r s a the cr ss oad hard by the Lepers Hospit l , he gave himself

e devoutly to prayer, that the Lord would be pl ased to direct i n h m thither without any hindranc e . The the Lord led him to the c ross-roads beside the s pot whi c h he sought And st anding there he began to reﬂec t upon the des ire whi c h he n A d n n had co ceived. n because the Lord is igh at ha d to those who call u pon Him in sinc erity and truth and is

n n n n o f n atte tive u to the lo gi g desires His poor o es , forthwith ‘ Blessed Francis drew nigh c oming for prayer to the wood

was n n which ear by. Whe he saw him , Brother Giles rejoiced

at his n with great joy and cast himself down feet . Sai t

n i o f o and t Fra c s asked him what he s ught, Bro her Giles

n n s a swered him sayi g, I de ire to be with you To whom answered Sai nt Franc is : It is a great gi ft which the Lord n m a hath give thee. Suppose that the E peror c me to Assisi and sought from the c ity o ne to be his knight or his chamber

i n ne i la n , ma y there would be who would ear stly desire th s

1 The Clares were m o ved in 1 260 fro m S an Dam iano to the present co nvent a ac to urc o f a n o r tt hed the Ch h S i t Ge ge. 1 as o f o r r a rd is no w s o b s r as a o f The Fe t St. Ge ge , Ap il 3 , likewi e e ved th t

. i es B G l . 1 Fo r a scuss o n o f cr ca u s o ns ar s n ro m s assa se e di i the iti l q e ti i i g f thi p ge , P P 44 -46 Th e ariou s . rs o ns ran s v MS ve i leave it unc er tai n whether St . F c i was oo m in for ra er to th d g p y e wo o d o r returning from mayer in th e woo . X 2 56 TE T OF CANON ICI MISC. 5 8

“ 2 1 8 v . a dice ns Vnu m [Fol . ] bonum fr tre m dominus misit ” in a i i de ru nt nobis . Qui simul domino g u s co m e .

QUOMODO FUIT INDUTUS FRATER EGIDIUS A s u m

FRANCISCO.

2 Et assu m e ns n nc frat re m E idiu m ac . sa ctus Fra iscus g

ce s it c iu itat e m As sis ii vt t u nic am ac u ire re t v t indu e r s ad , q , e t l ic i c de re nt c c u m . E t s n e cum ambo, ec e quedam mulier pauperc ula valde h um ilit e r e t re u e re nte r pe t nt e le m o sinam a beato Franc isco amore Christi re pe t e ns ill u d idem ; q u i cum

n v nde illius n im l e re c no n ichil haberet posset i opie p defe tum , 1‘ 3 : ar re e t iit illu d dabat responsum qu[ ]e illa tertio p idem. 4 d au die ns c u m sanc t o adhuc Quo[ ] frater Egidius , qui erat ,

in s e c u lari no n c anx iu s e x s e c tab at vt habitu , modi um p sibi

dice re t u r e le e m o s inam c eo quod laret illi, quod timore reuer

e nt iali sanc t o c o ns t ric t u s n au de bat n ichil respo dere. Ad

n n v u lt u c o nu e rsu s s ic : Diu ide in quem sa ctus a gelico ait , 5 ” m antell u m au isu s l u rim u m quit, tuum ; qui g in domino p

s anc t o n u ad ex s e ctab at x r de ma dato [q ] p sollicite, statim e t a

81 ill u d e l ar it u r libe ntissim e au e rc u l e u li r xit g , dedit p p m e i. 5 E t e vt n f n statim dato mant llo , ipse dixit , ta ta uit sa cti spiri

c o nso l at io ne re l e t u s n c n no tus p , quod li gua ar ea exprimi n

v l e re Et in e o de m n e u m n a t. die i duit beatus Fra ciscus :

o st uam ind u t u s e x hilarat u s p q fuit, tanto est gaudio , quod

n au e rc ul o t e e re t u r 81 e x tam i dumento p p g , quod lingua cor

rim e re no n p valebant.

n 3 . Procede te autem tempore completus est septenarius

n c x diue rsas numerus fratrum , quos beatus Fra cis us dire it ad

“ “ l M ’ M S u e S . vt . q 3 “ ‘ MS . re e tens u o p MS . q 5 mantall um m antallo MS . AND TRAN SLA TION 57

if honour. How much greater a g t oughtest thou to count it , that the Lord hath chosen thee and called thee unto His ” court Then taking him by the hand and lifting him up Sai nt Franc is led him to the aforesaid Church and calling the holy Brother Bernard said : The Lord hath sent us a go od ” A nd eat brother . they rejoiced in the Lord and did to gether.

Ho w BROTHER GILES WAS CLOTHED Bv BLESSED FRANCIS

n 2 . And n n Sai t Fra cis, taki g with him Brother Giles ,

n n n o f A n in we t u to the tow ssisi , to get a tu ic order that

And as he might clothe him . they thus went their way n n and together , behold a certai poor woma very humbly reverently sought an alms from Blessed Franc is fo r the love

o f r n . And n Christ, epeati g those same words he , i asmuch as

n ee an he had ought wherewith he could supply her n d, swered

no t r a d her a word . Wherefore she epe te those same words

r e n a thi d tim Heari g this Brother Giles , who was with the t Saint, being still in the garb of the world , waited wi h no

n an er small concern to be bidde to give her alms , but ov come

an n no t with holy d revere t fear he durst answer a word .

n n n n n n n nc The the Sai t, tur i g towards him with a gelic cou te a e ” “ And spake thus : Part thy mantle in twain . he rejoicing exc eedi ngly in the Lord at the holy c ommand which he thus

o ff n and earnestly awaited , forthwith drew his ma tle most

n m an. And willi gly gave it to the poor wo immediately,

n n as havi g given the ma tle , he himself said , he was ﬁlled with

rt n n so great comfo of the Holy Spirit, that huma to gue fails to express it And that same day Bles sed Francis clothed

: was him and after that he was clothed , he ﬁlled with so

n in 3 n e great joy at bei g clad so poor garb, that either h art n nor to gue could utter it .

n o f 3 . It came to pass i process time that the number o f n n the brothers became seven. Then Ble ssed Fra cis se t them n n n forth to su dry provi ces , biddi g them exhort the people to and and give praise to our C reator , Redeemer Saviour, to do

n f n o wholesome pe ance. Where ore Saint Giles we t u t of de l rou incias vt m o ne rent ualite r re dde r [p ] populum, q e nt laudes c reatori [vel ] re de mp to ri sal u at o ri nostro 81 v t face rent 2 fru ct o sam e nite nt iam Vnde u . 1 0 . 2 r p sanctus Egidius [F 1 9 . ] ad sanctum J ac o b u m in pe regrinatio ne m accessit c ausa

de u o tio nis n e nu riam fam em f i u s sit im e t , in quo iti ere p , , r g ,

rib u l t i n s e r essu s t a o e . n n p p est Sed domi us, qui ab i itio sue c o nu e rs io nis c e e rat c n in co n p ipsum o solari , semper omnibus 3 so l ab at u r n v na c o nt e nt u . Fuit autem tu ica s ; nam in eo de m

o b u iare t c au e rc ul o b n m itinere, cum uidam p p omi i , pietate otus caputium e x u it de tunica 81 dedit illi s ic amb u lauit x xj die b u s

n c a u i Si e p t o . 4 R e u e rsu s es t d m sis i m t 4 . [ ] tan e [A s u ] e quia deu o tissim u s 5 e t c c iu it nc ac o b u m 81 homo erat atholi us, ad sa tum J ad

nc n 81 ad c co l au m s sa tum A gelum san tum Ny de Bari . Vaden 6 n do c eb at ho m inib u s e t m u lie rib us v t t im e re nt Sic per mu dum , e t am are nt c re at o re m c eli 81 terre e t fac e re nt pe nit e nt iam de

e ccatis c u m p suis. Ouadam autem die, valde fessus de itinere 7 fam e m p at e re t u r galavit e t d o rm iu it iu x t a viam e x c itatu sq u e

s o m no b e ne ﬁc io no n de re lin u it s e rant e s in a p de dei qui q p se, inu e nit dim idiu m n c e t dim pa em ad aput suum gratias agens , c u m m anducasset co nfo rtat u s , est.

I u i v lt ra e t v isitau it o sanctam . 5. t etiam mare t rram

nc fe isse t a c iu itat e m Ancho nitanam vt Tu cum c moram pud , non c o me de re t n a o rtab at a n pa em suum otiose , pp quam de fo te a 3 n o rt ans n in s u o ib at c iu itat e m lo ge, p mag um vas humero per

dice ns ho m inib u s e t m u lie rib u s v t acc i e re nt e t n , p aquam dare t

Hab e nt n c ist e m as in c iu itat e e t sibi panem amore dei. e im 9 n No n n v e rec u ndab at ur n extra de lo ge fontes . e im ser us dei

1 s om s ro u incias a o n c I n ca e s a m os c o nc us S . likewi e it p , p i t whi h di t l t l ively nn and so m e c o ec tio n b etween C . S . 1 a s n c is r u n an . MS . dd i it whi h ed d t 3 ” r a s r m a un ca . . r a s tam e n A. e d p i t i MS e d ” “ m C o m t el la ic nd . o m ad san u m aco b um . a s at o s A . a B it c t J (S J e p ) wh h

and ns r ro b ab b m s ta n r o n ro m r o us ara ra . C . S . i e t p ly y i ke epetiti f the p evi p g ph 6 " A and h o rtabat ur o m n s etc . . B . h i e , 7 S o r a . and and a ar n 8 . But . rea s iu it e d A B . pp e tly C d 3 o m s m a num A. it g 9 n s b u t is The s entenc e Hab e nt fo ntes co rr es po d c losely to B .

o m in a r s ac . itted A . It g ee ex tly with S AND TRANSLATION 59

‘ v o tio n o n a pilgr image to the Shrine o f Saint James : and n n ff n and o this jour ey he su ered poverty, hu ger , cold , thirst, n nn n tribulatio s . But the Lord, who from the very begi i g of his

n n c him n n n co versio had omforted , ever gra ted him co solatio

n n t o ne n c fo r n in all thi gs . He was co tent wi h tu i ; meeti g o n n c n o m an that same jour ey a ertai p or , moved with love

o ffhis n c and and he took the hood from tu i gave it to him, so fo r o ne and n n o n twe ty days he we t foot without hood .

n A s and n m an 4. He retu r ed to s isi , bei g a truly devout

n n n c a A rc and Catholic, he we t to the shri e of Sai t Mi h el the h ” 3 n o f n c And n a gel and to that Sai t Ni holas at Bari . goi g

m e n and m n and thus about the world , he taught wo e to fear love the Creator of heaven and earth and t o do penanc e for

n o ne da n was c n a their si s. Now y whe he ex eedi g we ry from

n and an n r s and e as his jour ey hu g ed , he re ted f ll leep by the

s and w n his n c way ide ; a aki g from sleep he fou d , by the mer i ful favour o f Go d who never forsakes thos e whose tru st is in

f his and n n H im , half a loa beside head ; whe he had give

and had a n was s n n thanks to God e te it , he tre gthe ed .

n n and s 5. He we t also beyo d the sea vi ited the Holy ‘ A t in the c o f Anc n Land . that time he was delayed ity o a, and in no t a o f while there , order that he might eat the bre d

n m n n c was idle ess , he would carry water fro the fou tai whi h a

e n and a n ss o n gr at dista ce away, be ri g a large ve el his Shoulder go throughout th e c ity bidding m e n and wom en rec eive the an him water d give bread for the love of Go d. For they had cisterns in the c ity and fountains a great dis tanc e out

1 The s ri n in u s ion is a o f am s at Co m o s te ll a. h e q e t th t St. J e p 11 amo us s r n o n o un ar ano in u so c a o n acco u n o f A f h i e M t G g Ap lia. lled t the

a ranc o f . c a rc h n t . au r nc a o u 2 ppea e St Mi h el the A a gel o St L e e b t 49 . 3 no t r amo us s r n in u a c b ra fo r o s s ss n bo o f . A he f h i e Ap li , ele ted p e i g the dy St

c o as c r in A D . 1 0 8 and was c aus o fman Ni h l whi h was trans po rted thithe . 7 the e y

‘ ea unc r a n r nco na is o n m an o m The MSS . l ve it e t i whethe A the t w e t . S e ” . s cia o s o f L2 r o u r a c o n r rr n to . an MSS , e pe lly th e the g p , e d A h , efe i g S Je e x c e l s i hu m iliare inclinare se ad omne opus se ru ile ho ne st u m

n vt a n n n propter bo um exemplum , de labore m n um s arum pa em

c o m ede re t. uo dam r v isita 2 Nam cum q tempo e ipse ret [F0 1 . 1 9

v . n co l au m c ardinale m e isc 0 u m tu sc u lanense ] domi um Ny p p m, e t ib at ad iu u and um ipse homines ad colligendum o liu as

se ru it ia acc i ie bat n 8: a alia , p pa em pro labore suo sic p o rtab at do m u m n E t dic e re t s p ad cardi alis . cum sibi cardinali ’ 1 v t m anducare t s u o s a dice b at tamquam pauper de pane , ip e verbum p ro phe tic u m : Labores m anu u m t u aru m m anducabis ” t c i e . S c u t e t beatus Franciscus do c u it primo fratres suos 8: in regula fecit scribi e t in testamento s uo prope mortem c o n

ﬁrm au it. o fam e m sit im fri u s ino iam & Quantum lab rem , , , g , p , t rib u lat io nes e t n s ustinu it r t iam m ac tione verecu dias cum g a , i s e se me t re t ul it n . i ut p , lo gum esset enarrare

2 6 . R e ue rte nt e e o r ere rinatio nib u s su autem te npore de p g is, c o nside rans beatus F ranc isc u s per spirit u m sanctum quod

e t n m au isu s e e st Egidius esset homo dei bo i exe pli, g vald dix it u e e i v t e r e re t t e q , p g quo vellet . Cui sanctus Egidius

s o ndit in r o b e die ntia e t v iue re no le b at. p , quod tam libe a ire Tunc septimo anno su e c o nu e rsio nis misit c um ad quo ddam

i ri l e s ii he re m t o u m nomine Fab rio ne in p anitie P ru .

E t re s ice re t e t u cum p dominus ad ipsum ad multa opera ei s, 4 f e st c u m n n Vb i n acta super ma us domi i . i ter alia, que sibi

n c o nt u lit b e ne ﬁc ia su a uad am n in domi us , cum q octe esset o rat io ne n diu ina c o nso lat io ne re l e t u s , ta ta fuit p , quod visum f c i v t n t v t uit domi us vellet educe e animam extra corpus , lucide v ide ret de sec re t is suis e t vt magis animare t ipsum ad bene 5 rand n rui io E t ince it o pe u m i se t dei . sic p sentire a pedibus,

1 ” ” et s ci dicebat c i z . s n m diceb at . A. ip e S . ips e dixit MS ip e e i “ 3 A r s Re v rt nt au m r rinatio nibus su s ad sanc um . ead e e e te eo de pe eg i t ” F ranc isc um c o nsiderans m sanc us uod ss om o etc . . a r es ide t , q e et h dei , S g e w ith C . ‘ “ ” “ Ut A . Et ; S .

5A r ndum . adds et robo a

s icut l ac u it i sam anima extra corpus, p creatori nostro , qui p

2 20 r. u l chrit udine misit in corpore, pre nimia [Fol . ] p sua , qua

de lec tab at ur res ice re se m e t i sa dec o rau e rat eam spiritus, p p rn. l su b tilissima e x istimatio nam Erat enim lucidissima super ,

sanc ti si s ic ut re tulit prope mortem suam . Tunc rapta est illa s ma

re ue l au it v nde anima contemplando secreta celestia, que nulli , “ ' 2 c o nse ru are dixit : Beatus homo qui scit secreta dei , quia 8 o cc u lt u m re uel et u r sicu t vo l u er it , quod non , dominus

c i lac u e rit . me ti so e t quando p Timeo enim de me p , ideo , in u it si re ue landa re uele ntu r q , sint , magis volo, quod per alium ” quam per me.

E t inim icu s ni i 7 . quia humani generis semper t t u r molestare 4 sanc to s f n dez per ectos viros ex permissio e [ ] , non multo post d ict am c o nso l at io ne m in eo de m he re mito rio suo acc idl t 5 o ratio ne s de uo te fac tas intrasse t cell post suas , cum am, se nsit s e n S athane t im o re m h o rribile m post a gelum , cuius [ ] no n n su st ine re ro cidit in o rat io ne s u lic ans vale s , p corde pp ,

l o u i o te rat e x titit lib e rat u s quia q non p , deo, statim . Post dies autem p auco s int e rro gau it beatum F ranc iscu m dice ns

in u it e st no n o ssit su s Pater, q , aliquid ita terribile, quod p t ine ri donec dic at u r v nu m P ATER NOSTER R e spo ndit beatus “ nc c dic e ns D ab o l u m no n i su st inere Fra is us y posset qu s ,

n dice re t u r dimidiu m P ATER do ec NOSTER, quin statim ” m o re re tu r nisi diu inu m adiu t o riu m succ u rre re , t . Quo au dit o 6 nc u s E dim sicu t e x e rtu s fu erat c re didit sa t gy , p , verum esse.

1 9 . ae st imatio nem A a c us r e t A . dds to di e 3 ” “ ” vo l u it . v o l u erit MS . ; A . 4 . a s et c is b r o m MS dd whi h ette itted. “ . no c . and . a r in r a n deu te A de te B S g ee with C . e di g o 5 sancto E dio MS . gy A . beatu s frater Egidius AND TRANS LATI ON 6 3

ﬁlled with so great and heavenly a c onsolation that it seemed to him as if the Lord sought to draw his soul from out o f his

to end e body, the that he might perceiv clearly the Divine secrets and might be inspired to labour more zealously in the And servic e o f Go d . so he began to feel from his feet upwards

n o f as if his body were dyi g, until his soul passed out his body .

o ur And as it pleased Creator Who placed the soul in the body, the soul standing outside the body gaz ed with delight upon itself by reason o f the exceeding great beauty with which

the n F o r Spirit had ador ed it. the soul was most subtle and s n n n n re ple de t beyo d all co ception , as he did tell at the n time of his death . The was that most holy soul caught away

a n c n a n e n by re so of o templ tio of the h ave ly secrets , which he

n an fo r the ever revealed to y man , he said Blessed is man

Go d who knows how to keep the secrets of , for there is

n n c no t e as the othi g hid whi h shall be rev aled , Lord Himself

‘ willeth and whensoever it pleaseth H im . But I fear fo r and n myself, thus , if thi gs are to be revealed , I desire that they h n may be revealed through another rather t a through me.

And a n m n c 7 . bec use the e e y of the huma ra e ever strives by the perm ission of Go d to trouble those who are holy and

no t n f perfect , it came to pass that lo g after the a oresaid con

in n u t solation the same hermitage , when havi g devo ly said n f his prayers he had e tered his cell , he elt behind him the

n o f n And n n the a gel dark ess . bei g u able to bear fear and and n horror thereof, he fell to prayer, , beseechi g God in his

n wa n was heart , si ce he s u able to utter a word , immediately set

s free . A few day afterwards he asked Blessed Francis , saying n My father, is there aught so terrible that it ca not be borne fo r the time it would take to say o ne Paternoster Blessed “ Francis answered saying : One could not endure the Devil

n o ne ' eve while said half a Paternoster, but one would die forth

c o ne c c n with , ex ept were su oured by divi e aid Having heard t n his Sai t Giles believed it to be true, since he had himself r n n in expe ie ced it. A other time the year when he was at Spoleto in a certain church of Saint Apollinaris where at

that time the brothers dwelt, he rose in the night and went X 1 ? A 64 TE T 0 C NONICI M ISC . 52 8

nn e Alio autem tempore, a o hoc cum sset apud S po l et u m in

uadam c c c A vbi t u m te m or zlr ho q e lesia san ti pollinaris, [ p spita 1 2 3 bantu r fratres ] de nod e s u rge ns cum int rasset e ccl e siam tem

es tiu e inc linatu s stare t o rat io ne se nsit p , dum in , super se de monem ipsum nim iu m o pprim ent e m m o lestante m ; ipse

v ehe m ent iu s r n no n o t e rat F0 ] 2 2 0 v autem o a s p [ . . ] surgere, sed su bt rax it se e o t u it v s u e b e nedic t e si ut p q ad vas aque , qua

ﬁde as e rsu s s de m o nis de libe ratu p tatim a molestia fuit s.

8 nn c o ct au o s u e co nv e rsio nis . A o de imo , quo scilicet 4 s n c n m i rau it c e l u m beatu Fra cis us de hoc mu do g ad , cum 5 ac cede re t sanctus Egidius cum socio ad he re m u m de S c e to na

in e isc o at u G n e ru e nit quod est p p lusi o , p ad locum fratrum de

Cibo st ulo v b i n c se u e nt i so m nis i e rato re m , o te q vidit in p mp

' u z nimia m fam iliarit at e m o st e nde b at g [ ] [ ] eidem , quod , ipse 7 8 n r n nc su rre x e ru nt dixit, ve ture glo ie sig um fuit. Tu ad

re d ic t u m ac c e sse ru nt ib i ue u ad ra e sim am n p locum , q q g sa cti

r r d u t fe c ru nt Vb i n Martini fe ue nt e e o e e . sa ctus Egidius “ in so m nis F ranc isc u m dic e ns e i : Ve llem vidit p beatum , , in u it l o u i n et Ad m nc nc q , q i ter te me que sa tus Fra iscus “ ” : in u it si lo u i Cu m ait Stude tibi , q , vis q mecum . ibidem o ratio ne d e u o t io ne a l abo rare t d ie b u s n m xima , tribus a te nat i it ate m n in n c c u m de uo t e o rare t a aru i u domi i o te , p p t sibi 9 s v is ib ilit e r o c u lis c o r o re i In dom inu Jesus Christus p s. qu a app arit io ne frater Egidius pre nimio odore voc es l ° em it te b at im m e nsas v ide b at u r h u m anitate d e ﬁce re eique ,

no n o t e rat s u stine re m a nu m u e frat rib u s quia talia p , g q de loc o im m it te b at t im o re m suis v o c ib u s : su b it o que re p le t u s es t odore ineffabili d u l ce dine cordis immensa s ic quas i in ex

i r lab r a au diens n n t re m is po sit u s v de b at u o ra e . Quod utem o modicum inc e pit quidam frater timere e t ac cede ns ad so ciu m

1 2 fro m . and S o . r a s no S u pplied A S . A ; C e d de te 3 ” c u m int rass e t e c cl es iam e t inclinat us stare t etc . A. , 4 ” A . sae c u l o .

5 and r a ro u o u sanc u s r . i s b a u s ra r C . S . e d th gh t t whe e A g ve e t f te 6 7 fu u r A se pt o ne A . t ae 3 a s s e t so c us A . dd ip e i 9 ” . a s cu m u ide ns c s o s s ns . A dd , whi h p il the e e 1 ° t u s fo r u A . e q a i s iq e A ND TRANSLATION 6 5

at the ﬁtting season into the c hurch : and while he stood

in f r n bowed prayer, he elt the devil over him, Opp essi g him and n n attacki g him sore. But though he prayed more ear estly,

c no t a c he ould rise, but dr gged himself as best he ould to the stoup of holy water and having spri nkled himself therewith

was n ne he at o ce set free from the assaults of the Evil O .

8 . In t he nt s n n eightee h year of his conver io , bei g the year n n in which Blessed Fra cis departed from this world to heave , Sai nt Giles went with a companion to the hermitage of 1 t in h and c o f Ce ona the diocese of C iusi , ame to a house the

r And he n n in b ethren at Cibottola. there t followi g ight his dr eams he beheld the Emperor who showed exc eeding great

f n was s avour to him , which thi g , as he himself said , a ymbol o f n and t o coming glory. The they arose made their way the aforesaid house and spent the Lent of Saint Martin there in d And n a spirit of fervour an devotio n. there Sai t Giles “ saw in his sleep Blessed Franc is and said unto him I ” t And a n nc ans would spe ak wi h thee . S i t Fra is wered him “ n : r sayi g Have egard to thyself, if thou wouldest speak with me When he had laboured there in prayer and m ost

’ n a s earnest devotio , three d y before Our Lord s Nativity as he n ' in n was prayi g devoutly the ight , Our Lord Jesus Christ n appeared ma ifestly before him visible to his mortal eyes , and by reason of this vis ion and of th e inexpress ible sweetnes s of odour Brother Giles uttered great cries thinking himself to

the n no t e ch be verily at poi t of death , for he could b ar su wondrous things ; and great fear c ame upon the brothers in the house by reason of his cries ; and suddenly he was ﬁl led with an unspeakable odour and an exceeding great ’ e t and t o n inward sw e ness , thus he seemed be i deed at death s n be door. A certain brother heari g this began to greatly and n t i afraid, going to the compa ion of Bro her Giles sa d to n ! And him Come to Brother Giles, for he is dyi g his

1 r r a in ir r n r n o f s nam . is o na in The MSS . va y g e tly the e de i g thi e It Cet 2 8 66 TE XT OF CA NON ICI M I SC . 5

“ frat ris E id u c i z V n frat re m E idiu m g dixit e i ad g , quia mori ” 1 “ r surre x it s anct o d tu . Qui continuo dixit Egidio Qui ” “ t res o ndit : V ﬁli de s ide rab am b ab es ? E ille p eni , , quia te

2 2 1 r v ide re dili e b at e u m e t modo (Fol. . ] g enim valde de c o nﬁdeb at nu t rie b at e u m ado les ce nt ia ips o multum , quia ab

u c ib u s s irit u alib u s u aliter in sanctis mo rib s e t a t p . Ipse vero q 2 2 sibi ac c ide rat e narrau it per o rdine m ; soc ius eius hoc au die ns

d inam c o no u it c e llam re ue rs u s es t Vi si onem iu esse g ad suam . 4 ue nt i iu it c e ll am anc E idii i s iu s 9 . S e q die ad s ti g socius p 6 e t inue nie ns c u m e t l am e nt ant e m m o ne b at e u rn ne ﬂentem ,

n affli e re t o ss it e x inde d e fice re se ta tum g , quia p corpus . Cui “ re s o ndit : in u it s fle re c u m ille p Quomodo, q , non po sum , inim icu m c o no sc am e t c n dei me esse g , ipse fe it ta tam mis e rico r iam 8: n m n d mihi dedit mihi tale do u , quare dubito e 6 secundum v o l u ntat e m suam in e o operer Hoc autem 7 d ic e b at sentiens s e c ial e m rat iam in u a [ ] p g sibi datam a deo, q

' gratia m irab ilite r inm u t at u m e t [zn]no u at u m se se nt ie ns dixit

s uo : Vs ue m u o v o le b am v o l e b am socio q modo iba q , que

c fac ieb am l abo rans m anib u s n de ince s no n fa ere, meis ; nu c p

s ic u t c o nsue u i se d e s e nt io ita , , facere possum , si ut in me,

o o rt e t . a m ne al i u i ita pp me facere Super quo v lde ti eo, q 8 ” no n c qu e rant de me quod eis dare possum . Cui so ius eius “ : D n d at s e ru o rat iam ratie dixit omi us , qui suo g , ipse g l argie t u r custodiam ts men bonum est esse t im o re m dei apud ”

re s o ns io l ac u it e i. in n ac te . Que p p Fuit autem ta ta tali d u l c edine indicibili 8: iub ilo tam su au i odore dei tribus die b u s

n nat iu itat e m m n v s ue E haniam no n t ame n a te do i i q ad pyp , 9 continue sed int e rpe llat im die e t noc te ; no n enim po te rat

1 s u r ana n ad cu m dicens : u a r b ab e s ? A. g ve it Q id , p te ,

acc ide rit . s au m fo r so c u s u s MS . A ip e te i ei ‘ . se u ent i ro re versu s ad s am u s m fr atris E idii th A q ve die ell ej de g Cf. e r n 2 c b ns S e e nti iv it ad ve sio o f thi s paragraph in L (p. whi h egi qu vero die ” cellam fratr is E idii m so c u s e t c . g ide i , 5 a is su rﬂu o us . MS . dds ut whic h pe ‘ M S u rﬂu o u s l . . adds no n s pe y u s ro r S pplied fro m S . ; A give p pte 3 ” . a s a m e c L2 a r s . A dd , with whi h g ee 2 “ 8 0 and S bu t . n r o a . n r a in L2 inter au C . . ; A i te p l te B i te pell te p A ND TRA NSLATION 67

“ companion arose fort hwith and said to Saint Giles : What ” ? n so n fo r aileth thee And he a swered Come hither , my , I was verily longing to see thee fo r he loved him e x

n and r t he ceedi gly had g eat trus in him , for had brought him u t in and d p from his you h holy ways in spiritual dee s . Then the man of Go d told him in order what things had befallen

and an he him , his comp ion hearing this perceived that had

n and n o wn had a heavenly visio retur ed to his cell . ’ n th n n c n 9 . O e followi g day Sai t Giles ompa ion went to his cell and found him weeping and lamenting and bade him no t f c so a ﬂi t himself sore, since he would thereby do hurt “ n : no t to his body. But he a swered How should I weep, when I know myself to be an enemy of God and whe n H e H imself h as had such mercy u pon me and granted me so

e w c n n great a gift, wh refore I doubt lest hat I do is o trary u to

? c n His will This he said , per eivi g that special grace had

n n o f bee give to him God , by which grace he felt himself

c n and n marvellously ha ged re ewed , and he said to his com panion : Until no w I walked whither I would and did what

n d : n I would , labouri g with my han s but now and from he ce

nn n e s forth I ca ot do as I have been wo t, but it b hove

s f a me to do as the spirit within move me. Wherefore I e r

r o f n g eatly, lest some should seek me what I can ot give ” A nd n n s n them. his compa ion a swered him ayi g : The

n f c Lord , who giveth grace to His serva t , will Himsel wat h over that grace ; nevertheless it is good that the fear of ” And c o n God is with thee . this answer pleased him . H e

’ tinued fo r the three days before Our Lo rd s Nativity and from then until the Epiphany in thi s u nspeakable sweetness and and n no t n in this exquisite joy divi e odour, yet co tinu o usly but at intervals by day and by night : fo r his m o i‘tal

no t z z n a nature could bear it, when the da ling bright ess o

e are d. n p He prayed i stantly to the Lord , that He should no t la so y upon him great a burden , pleading earnestly that

n u nleam e d he was not ﬁtted therefor, si ce he was an and

n n m an n : ig ora t , and a simple peasa t but the more he made s to n e him elf out be u worthy , so much the mor di d the Lord s u t ine re n as c u m a are b at m n c . s huma it , pp i me sa laritas Ora b at u e m n m ns n v t no n im o ne re t n q ad do i u i ta ter, sibi p ta tum

1 ‘ n s al le ab at m t m no n ho c o u g ul u , quod erat ad aptus, pro

d t a e s n l i t e r i F 0 ] 2 m e o t t s 2 1 v . e t e o quod erat ho o y i e [ . ] rustic us m an m re u t ab at e indi nu m n si plex qu to aute plus p s g , ta to plus 2 8 a rat iam au m e nt ab a D ix it u e dom inus su m g g t . q quod in

fi ne s icu t ins u fflau it in a s insu fii au it in c u m po tolos , ita . Q uadam vero noc te stante sanc t o Egidio [cu m socio] ante c e l l am m n l o u e re nt u r s u au it e r 8: de uo t e dum de verbis do i i q , venit Splendor quidam t ransie ns pl ane i nter am bos ; c u m qu e

c ab e o s u e re re t re s o nd it Dim it t e so ius eius , quid e set , q , p ire

v nu s u idam ~ re l i io s u s c u i m n re u e l a r Erat ibi q g , do i us u e at de se c r t is N am ant e u am ho c e ue nire e suis . paulo q t sanc t o

v ide rat in s u s v b i c s an E idii c o n Egidio , omp i quod ella cti g ’ st ru c ta a so l o r ie b at u r ad o c c as u m u e r e b at u i er t , ibi g ; q pos tea v ide ns s anc tum E gidiu m m u t at io ne dextre e x c e l si 4 m irab ilit e r im m u t at u m no u o spiritu grat ie dixit c i Porta ” su au ite r ﬁ liu m v irginis .

P o st m o d u m s nc st u du it n u a 1 0 . a tus Egidius om i q po te rat 5 solli c itudine c u stodi re grat iam a domino datam s ibi dic e b at 6 n m s m n r atias v irt u t e s h e c s m m e s t e i uper o es [g ] u a virtus , se qu i v irt u t e s c ustodire grat iam sibi datam Item dixit : “ A s o st u am re c e e ru nt n m s r nc c e nt ies po toli p q p do u pi itus sa ti , e t millies plu s p o rtau e ru nt maiu s pondus ad su st ine nd as t rib u lat io ne s e t ad c u st o die ndam grat iam s ibi datam Ex

n a in a v i il ans n tu c fuit er t semper cell solitarius, g , ora s, ie iu nans e t ab o m ni opere s ermone malo se c u s todire solli 8 ' 2 i u E t s i n ali u is e i re fe rre u zd iam c t s . qua do q vellet de alio q p

1 “ “ A an u m e t a o nu s o do ris e t dul ce dinis . an u m o nu s . t t t le S t t h od o ris L 2 tantu m o nu s 2 “ A. and L 2 add in e o 3 “ A. In fi ne tam e n h u u s o d o ris et du l cedinis : eu u s u su j , dixit Si t De i f fi a in o s o o s insuffi av it e t in m e vit Ap t l , 4 “ ” 5 “ M S a s u e A. s r ar . dd q . e v e 6 r s su r o m nem ratiam e t v irt u t e m ss sc r c u s o r rat iam A. ead pe g e e i e t di e g

a r s su b an . S . is rac ca n Do m ino s ibi datam B . ag ee st tially with C ! p ti lly ide ti cal

with C . 7 A o m s m i a am and . a r . . it Ite dix t d t B . S g ee with C 8 A n au m i u i v l it r t E o refe rre . Si qu a do te al q s o u b eato f at i gidi 9 uem iam MS . q p

F 28 7 0 TEXT O CANON IC I MISC. 5

d ice bat in u it sc re eocat u m mali, hoc verbum Nolo , q , i p

Et dic eb at f r : f e r ne v ide as alterius re e enti Caue, rat , ” ' l c o nt rariu m vs ue n tu u ut aliquid , nisi q ad bo um .

Hunc 0 1 . 2 2 2 r. se ru u m n e t o c I I . igitur [F ] bo um in m di o 2 ‘ sibi rep er ie ns dominus ﬁde le m digne sibi m aio ra oo m mis it ; c in rat iam au m e ntau it ad u i sibi tantam sibi g datam g , [qu

' ' ' ‘ ko m zm bu s non p oter at ampl zu : occul tanl Nam s i qu is cu m n e iu s u e d ul c edine arad so e o t rac t are t de gloria domi i q siue de p i ,

t u r ne c c he l P ro ind statim rapieb a etiam se mou t de oco. e s u b t rax it se no n o fam iliaritat e se c u lariu m se d e am a s lum a , ti

l li i sis ic e b at frat rib u s suis e t a iis re g o . D enim : Se curius e st

n ua cu m m t s : bomi i , saluare animam suam cum paucis q m ul i

o r e t a sue . u hoc est esse s litarius, videlicet vaca e deo nime Q ia ” 5 c reau it n u 8: no n solus deus , qui a imam , est amicus ei s aliu s. ‘ n e t re ro at iua r c u i u O quam spirituale do um p g g atia , dat m 7 8 7 n am a n e st agno sc e re a im . Solus deus g o scit cui vo l ue rit ” “ re u e lare ; ideo de s e ipso d ice b at : Si sanctus Petrus St 2 beatus Paulus d e sce nd e re nt de celo 8: dicere nt mihi v t sati s

‘ fac e re m e rso nis v o l e nt ib us lo u i no n c red r p mihi q , e e m e is 1 ° dice b at : f f e me ius Item Qui melius acit actum anim sue, l 1 ° fac it fac tum anim aru m am ic o ru m s uo ru m E t ite rum : Multas c o ns o lat io ne s u isitatio ne s do mini po test homo ” u s u a in re habe re t s amittere culpa , quod perpetuum non e s .

Vnde o ne b at l ud unt exemplum p de illis , qui ad

a v u o nc t ax illo ru m ita arn am i i qui[ ] pro pu to , quod est p um, tt t 1 2 2' u ando ue c n homo q q multa sic pro leui pec ato , si escierit m s e . custodire, perdit homo magnum lucru anime u Ite m “ dic e b at n . V u es beatus Fra ciscus ide, script m t Caue ne

2 no n ad u tili tatem uam 2 M S A. t . recipicns 3 . d i nu m u ro m MS g S pplied f A. 5 In s assa sec urius al us . a r s a m o s n ca w t thi p ge i C g ee l t ide ti lly i h A. ; b u t r a s S ec u riu s es t ss so ar us c S . e d e e lit i videli et vacare do m ino et anim e sue ” u a u s u i c re au it a u s q i de q li .

rero atiu m ratiam sic o m s . p g a g ( l) ; A. it 7 ” 3 . c o nos c ek c o no sc rt . an me A g , g MS. i 2 S o . and . . sanc us aCt a n th C S while A t The f th t C. a d 8 . bo read m m rus e t beat u s au us s o s c os c onn c o n Pet P l h w l e e ti . 1 ° S Q Q . c L2 a r s : b ut . r a c iem , with whi h g ee A e ds fa 1 1 uas in r u um no n A. q pe pet rec u p erabit 1 3 1 ' . c o rru r . n MS pt he e MS . esciret A ND TRANSLATION 7 I

n n and a I I . The Lord therefore, ﬁ di g him a good f ithful

n n in c a n serva t u to H imself a very little, ommitted gre ter thi gs

c n r and m to him, for whi h he was cou ted wo thy : H e ultiplied

s o c n n him c no n greatly the gra e give u to , that he ould lo ger

F o r an m an c s i c n hide it from m e n. if y onver ed with h m o c erni ng the glory o f the Lord and His sweetness or c onc erni ng

a s n an c s and m no t P radi e, immediately he fell i to e sta y oved

f o And m s no t rom the sp t. for this cause he withdrew hi elf

n c s in r o ly from onver e with those the wo ld, but also from

his o wn brethren and other religiou s . For he used to say : “ It is safer for a m an t o save his soul with few rather than

n rm at with ma y ; this is to be a true he it , to be leisure to

’ n n o wn s n n Go d a d . yield o eself to o e s oul For God alo e ,

’ c s n and no t n who reated the soul , is the soul frie d a other.

0 ho w n and a as s n ac his heave ly a gift wh t surp i g gr e is , to whom it is given to k now his o wn so ul ! It is God alone who knows the soul and he to whom God is ple as ed to reveal ” “ h c nc n n m s : n it. And t us he would say o er i g hi elf If Sai t Peter and Saint Paul were to desc end from Heaven and bid

th e s m e a me satisfy desire of those who wi h to t lk , I would “ no t believe them And also he would say H e who does

n o wn s s w s n s s good u to his oul , doe good like i e u to the oul of “ his n A nd a n A m an m a his o wn a frie ds ag i , y of f ult lose

n n ns a n and s a ns in s c s ma y divi e co ol tio s vi it tio , u h wi e that he may never recover t hem fo r ever He would draw an ensam ple

s c o ne n c from tho e who play at di e , for through poi t of the di e

s m an s s m c : so as n which i so small , a may at time lo e u h by re o

o f a s in n no t a m a m an a sm ll , if he k ows how to gu rd hi sel f,

o w a c may lose the gre at tre asure of his n soul . Blessed Fr n is

s se : n a s al o u d to say Behold, it is writte , Bew re lest thou lo e by laughing what thou hast gained by mourni ng A nd therefore Saint Giles from the beginni ng of his c onversion gave himsel f no rest from bei ng ever at liberty for the Lord and his o wn soul : and he found favour before the Lord and was c ounted 2 X F 7 TE T O CANON ICI MISC . 52 8

n amit tas lan e ndo l u crat u s e s E t n ride do , quod p g . ideo sa ctus Egydiu s a princ ipio c o nue rs io nis su e requiem no n dedit 1 tem poribu s suis vacare semper domino anime s ue

inu e nit rat iam am n h o no rari v t g cor domi o ab ipso meru it ,

se c re t is c e l e st ib u s u e m a F ranc isc i videtur de , q a te pore be ti 2 F O] 2 2 s u t am u s ic u t n i c 2 v . . S u pau is [ . ] fuis e data p e im q “ b u sdam frat rib u s re t u l it v nde dice b at : C u m n , mag o tim ore c autel a o p o rte t c ustodire sec reta dei the sau ru m

o m nda 5a o n I 3 . C m e [ ]t beatus Egidius locum de Ce pt e 4 s c m rat iam re ro at iu am m propter mi eri ordia dei g p g , qua o st e ndit e i in p re dic t o loc o super om nia c it ram arina loc a v lt ram arina c v l t ram arinis e x ce t is s h u nc , sex lo is p , quibu etiam

c o m arab at dic e b at hu nc de b e re nt locum p , , quod ad locum homines acc edere c u m maiore re u e re ntia 81 de u o t io ne quam ad sanc tum Angelum vel ad sanc tu m P e t ru m vel ad sanctu m

N c o lau m ali ue m c m c it ram arinu m s ic u t y vel ad q lo u , maior

5 ‘ e st m n s a n e t s ic e st s do i u qu m ser us , Chri tu s maior quam

s nc dic e b at u e s s c s o t e rat alii a ti ; q q uod imili hui e se p , maior

s no n o t e rat c u m u e dic e re t re s o ndit s c s es e p ; q talia , p o ius suu d ic e ns a in u it n m ac c idit sibi P ter, q , mag u fuit, quod Al u e rne beato Franc isc o de Seraphim : nobili s etiam virgo 7 s nc n n s a anc ! n a ta Christi a , obili eti m s ta atheri a multe alie

1 . s e d vac ab at D c o B a r s . A . g ee with C 2 assa S ic u t t hes au ru m is c o n a n in S . and B . b u t The p ge t i ed C , , no t in A . 2 . and a r in c n n n a n ara ra b nn C S . g ee o ti u i g t thi s po i t with the p g ph egi i ng ” C o m m e ndab at s anc u s u s ns e r s m m a a r o r s t Egidi . A . i t i edi tely fte the w d “ ” u ss a a u tam u s N 1 2 nn n s m f i e d t p a c hapter (Lemm ens o . ) begi i g Dixit e el ” ra r Z u s and n in c u a s c a r f te Egidi e ding qu i e st benedi c tu s sae l . Thi h pte “ c o rres po nds in the m ai n t o t h e c hapter De qu o dam raptu m i rab ili c o ram ” - o m na ac o b a S e te m so liis in L 2 na . ranc . . 1 0 2 1 0 . . a r d i J de p , , A l F III 4 B fte the ” ” o r s e t t h e sau ru m su u m ro c s c ra r E o and w d p eed , Expli it de S . f t e gidi , then inserts the fo u r chapters whi c h are also given in L 2 : ( I ) Quo mo do o m na aco ba S e t em so l iis v is it avit fratr e m E idiu m 2 u al iter ra r d i J de p g . ( ) q f te

E u s e xt raxit u b u m a am m is t r P r edicato r u o m o o fr . gidi d i qu o d ag o a e. (3) q d

ac o b us ass a e t iv it a ra r Z o u alite r s e ab r in t a u . J de M p f t e E gidi , q h e et pt (4) de ” rev e l at io ne ac a in c rdib u s s n E idi an u o r f t o a c ti g i e t s cti L d vi c i egis . 4 . rat iam e t m a nam raero ativ am I n r ac s and . ar A g g p g th ee pl e C . S v y ro m in u s n rae ro at iu am n a c f A. i g p g as a dje tive. 5 6 . c u m sit m a o r a s in m o n A i A . dd te 7 ” B . no s e am u r o b a r s na et s anc a at ar na bili ti f it vi g eat Ch i ti t C h i , with

c L2 a r s b u t . is co rru at s o n and r a s o b s am whi h g ee , A pt thi p i t e d N ili eti vi rgo fuit sanc ta Chri sti ana ! atharina A ND TRANSLATION 7 3

n so c n worthy to be ho oured by God , that he per eived heave ly se c rets suc h as we believe to have been revealed to but few

ss nc s s c n since the days of Ble ed Fra i . For thi he told to ertai “ of the brethren saying : With great fear and c are should a m an guard the secrets and the treas ure o f God

r s a n c a I 3 . Blessed Giles used to p ai e the pl ce of Ceto a be use of the m erc y and surpass ing gra c e whic h God showed u nto him

in c ac o n the said pla e, above all other pl es this side of the seas

and n a n s ix c e n s beyo d the seas , s ve o ly pla es b yo d the sea to whic h also he was wont to c om pare thi s plac e ; for he said

m e n n ac a r nc that should come u to this pl e with gre ter reve e e , and devotion than to the shri ne o fSai nt Mic hael the Arc hangel ’ or Saint Peter s or the shri ne of Sai nt N ic holas at Bari or any

c o n t sea s nc as r is r a other pla e his side of the , i e the lo d g e ter

r And n n so s an n s . tha the serva t, Chri t is g eater th the Sai t

a n a ac m r a he used to s y that like u to this pl e ight be, but g e ter

A nd n s s hi c m an n it could not be. whe he pake thu , s o p io

’ n n n him a as a r a n c a swered sayi g u to F ther, tw g e t thi g whi h befell Blessed Franc is o n Al ve m a c o nc erni ng the Se raphim : a

n n a n na n a r a n oble virgi also was S i t Christi , oble lso we e S i t t i l l ! atheri ne and many other vi rgins and sai nts throughout the

To c a n s ns so n world whi h S i t Gile a wered My , the ” c reatu re is nought beside the Creator X OF 2 8 7 4 TE T CANON ICI MI SC . 5 v irgines sancti per p ro u inc ias Ad hoc sanctus Egidius

: in u it ali ua in c dixit Fili , q , non est q creatura omparatione c reato ris

I erat f 4 . Alia vice [ ] frater Gratianus, eius socius, rater

f n n c u m sanc t o Jacobus rater A dreas de Burgu dia Egidio . “ Dixit frater Gratianus frat ri Andree p re d ic t o : I nue nitu r in 1 s cri t u ra a arue rit al ic i sacra p , quod dominus noster pp u citra ” mare post re su rre c t io ne m suam ? Hoc autem dixit volens sci v e ritat e m res o nde re t a re , Si aliquid ad hoc p Fr ter Egidius . 2 Res o nd it c e x c l am at io ne dic e ns : D ic is p san tus Egidius cum tu , in u it a aru e rit ? m m o a aru it n q , Si pp dominus citra mare y pp mi us ' 3 ” ' tzs D ir zt r t r A r d u o de c im die a loco . [ f a e nd eas : Vbi fu it

' ’ koc P R espondit s anctu s Eg idiu s Quad m des w des quad ' ” 4 6 “ z au di t c c i F0 ] . 2 2 r d au d s . . n : n , ] Di it frater [ 3 ] A reas Be e inue nit u r a aru isse m n R o m am in pp do i us beato Petro prope , o v b i d ic itu r D n u o R e s o ndit l co omi e, q p Frater “ : No n ho c u h o c Egidius dico de , quia mult m maius fuit 6 u ad ill d i i u . n u t [q ] dico quam Scio , q , talem locum citra mare v b i m aio ra v s u am fe ce rit e n fecit dominus , quam q citra mare ali i

au diu i t n fe c is se ali u a no n de hiis que ego . Posse[ ] domi us q , que au diu i n h o c fec e rit , sed de hiis que ego audi i , fuit maius, quam h u m anit at i D e i a A : n . ixit fr ter ndreas Mag a fecit deus

n s A s sisn n n beato Petro Rome, beato Fra ci co , mag a valde su t ” i i R s o di dic s n m a o ra . e n t hec que tu , si su t illis p frater Egidius

V m e st a n fu e ru nt s e d n eru , quod illa m g a , alia su t opera dei ” 7 “ e st 8: su b iu nx it c n aliud ipse statim O uli tui , domi e, 8 am m irab ile s ine narrab il e s A n n aures tue . lia tua su t imis ” “ ” i E t v b i e st c s . magna . D ixit e Frater Andreas : lo u iste

R e s o ndit c s p san tus Egidius Quod vide , vides quod audis, audi s Postea dixit : F u isti tu adhu c Clu sii ? dixit frater

1 “ a s u s r u s A. dd Jes Ch i st 2 u n s a m re s o ndit c u m e xc l am ati ne m a na A . T c t ti p o g 3 die b u s MS . “ u ro m A ak n in c o n u nc o n . and L2 t o ﬁll an S pplied f . , t e j ti with S with , o b o us ac c n a b an vi ide t l l k . 5 S o a s o . and L 2 b ut am m ra r . l S , A . Dixit eti ide f te A “ o m s c ra mar A . it it e 7 . a u su n o ra o m n a u s o m nus A li d t pe D i i , li d ip e D i 3 l A . am ab i e s AND TRANSLATION 7 5

. n his c m an n and I 4 Another time Brother Gratia o p io , Brother James and Brother Andrew of Burgu ndy were with n n Sai t Giles . Brother Gratia said to the aforesaid Brother Andrew : It is fou nd written in H oly Sc ripture that Our Lord should appear to o ne after H is Resurrec tion o n this side of

s n t o n the sea This he aid, wishi g k ow of a truth whether

an n s an Brother Giles would swer ought thereto . Sai t Gile “ s we red with earnes tnes s : S ayest thou that the Lord s hould

o n o f se a ? a appear this side the Yea verily , He ppeared less ’ n A n than twelve days jour ey from this spot. Brother drew “ ” “ a ? n ans a said , Where was th t Sai t Giles wered Wh t thou

s ar see t , thou seest what thou hearest , thou he est Brother “ Andrew said unto him : It is written of a truth that the Lord

a n a ac c is appe red to Blessed Peter e r Rome, at the pl e whi h

‘ “ D m n r s ns r : called o i e, quo B other Gile a we ed I

no t o f c s m c r a speak of that, for that whi h I peak was u h g e ter

n c o n s e a r than that . I k ow of a pla e this side of the , whe e the Lord wrought greater things than any o fwhi c h I have

e n an n o n s h ard , which He ever wrought upo yo e this ide o f m a has m the sea . I t y be that the Lord wrought so e n w c no t c a thi gs of hi h I have heard, but of those whi h I h ve

a n has n heard , this was gre ter tha He ever before wrought amo g ” “ An n : men. Brother drew said u to him God wrought great things upon Blessed Peter at Rome and upon Blessed Franc is at Assisi : exceeding great must be the things of whic h thou ”

e an s . an sp akest, if they are greater th tho e Brother Giles swe red s r h n s It is true that tho e we e great t i gs , but the work o f o d o ne n and Go d n and im m e di G are thi g Himself a other , “ : n r n 0 and ately he added Wo d ous are Thi e eyes , Lord , Thine ears past telling : the other parts of Thee are too great ! Brother Andrew said u nto him : And where is that place ?

n a s and Sai t Giles nswered : What thou eest, thou seest , what

a A thou he rest , thou hearest fterwards he said Wast thou ” v ? n e er at Chiusi Nay, said Brother A drew, but I have 6 2 8 7 TEXT O F CANON IC I MISC. 5

An sed c illam re s o ndit nc dreas Non , vidi ontratam p sa tus ” d ic e ns n e t su b iu nx it : n c Egidius Be e, Scis tu qua do fa ta sunt he c magna P R esp o ndit Frater Andreas : Et quando Dixit sanc tus Egidius E0 anno quo m igrau it beatus Fran 1 c isc us e t d u rave ru nt a tertia die ante nat iu it at e m domini v squ e ad v igiliam Epiphanie Dixit frater Andreas : D u rau it hoc

c dicis n c n n n P fa tum, quod tu ta to tempore o ti ue vel i terpellate

R e s o ndit n s : n c p sa ctus Egidiu Non dico co tinue, sed per vi es “ 2 tantum fuit de die e t de nocte Postea dixit : Processi

in D n : multum hiis verbis ixit frater A dreas Credo , quod

n ali u ando dic ant s u i al i u a t domi us vult , quod q serui q secre a 2 ad v t il it ate m alio ru m R es po nd it sanc tus Egidius N o n fuit in illo facto mea culpa multum enim ro gau i tu nc domi num i d e ce b ant . 2 n c no n 2 v . dixi quod [Fol 3 ] me ita mag a .

e st n c Sed ipse domi us ; fa it quod placet sibi .

A c n sancto : n I 5. lia vi e dixit A dreas Egidio Mag a fecit domi nus in monte Alu e rne beato Fran c isco R es po ndit

s anc m n c u alis es t tus Egidius : Nescio tale mo tem itra mare, q ” 4 m n P e su l u s D c i n nn o s . ixit frater A dreas : No e videtur

m n n a are t alic u i ? c i c tibi ag um valde, Si a gelus pp Dixit san tus

: M iro r A n 52 no n ce lu m Egidius te , frater drea , quia [ ] esset

e t a n n n arc han e l i n al i u a c terr eque a geli eque g eque q reatura ,

no n s m nde ho c e st es et inor m agnitudo dei propter hoc. V ” m a D c i n c n a are t n . g um fa tum , qua do p p domi us ixit frater “ An as : Ve lle m ﬁe re t v u a c cc e bi dre , quod valde pul ra e lesia , [ fecit do m inu s ita m ag na R e sp o ndit sanc tus Egidius “ ” “ Quam bene d ic is ! D ixit e i frater Andreas : Quod voc 6 ” ab u lu m d e b e re t imponi illi ec c les ie ? R es p o nde ns sanc tus “ ” s D c i Egidius : Vo c ab u l u m festi P e nth e c o st e . ixit frater “ ' 7 A n s : C re dis s nc s v e nerzt in ali u e m drea , quod piritus sa tu q

a e n in a o st o lis in P e nthe c o ste s h o c e s t in poste , si ut ve it p die ,

n P R e s di n lo riﬁc o m e i su m ig e po n t sa c tus Egidius : Si ego g p ,

1 “ . a s an i rﬂ MS dd te whic h s su pe u o u s . 2 3 M S ro c essit . hu m il it at em . p MS 1‘ 5 P e s u l nu s L u fro m . and L 2 . A . a 2 Pessu l u s S pplied A S “ 6 7 niret a s b r . v e A . dd ha e e vel MS

s X OF A 2 8 7 TE T C NONICI M ISC . 5

“ a m e a n c e s t e t : No n dic am u s de glori i hil , addit plus ista 1 a e a s anc t e E die e t re u e ra sanc t iss im e c u i do m inus m t ri O gy , [ ] 2 tantam grat iam c o nfe rre d ignat u s e s t ! I pse enim in perso na " s se l o u e b at u r d ic e ns : a in u it alteriu de ipso q Be tus Paulus , q ,

b is s a s s in c i c fui se r ptu , iue orpore s ue extra orpus,

adiu n e ns : n c c s e d u id ali u e m m n g es io, deus s it ; [q ] Si q do i us

c e rt u m re d de re t

5 m a n ali u ando s nc s I 5a. Mora f cie s q a tu Egidius apud 6 c m a r m A e t cu m a c n ad e lo u fr t u de gello , [ ] hor o sueta vesp ras ’ v t c m s u m e re t re u e rter et u r ad a s c e nam frat rib u s ibu j fr tres , po t , 2 u i ad e rant r a m n na d u lc e dine de u o tio ne no q ibi , ve b do i i ple n

in it e ru c t are : a a s i ro o n F ] 2 m c a c e c e ns 0 . 2 r odi p t li p p [ 4 . ]

nc t o a ns fe ru o re ra r m au die nt iu m a n a c r a ac sa rde f t u rde ti o d f it . 2 E t in t am s anc t o silentio e t rap t u s t e t it c oram frat rib u s qu as i v squ e ad pri m u m gal lo ru m c ant u [m ] Et [erat] c laris sim u m 1 ° n C u m u e a frat rib u s d zlrceder et e t r s c e l la lum en lu e . q [ ] ve su m d iri e re t re ssu s s an n ad u e nit m n g g suo , subito t tus sple dor quod lu e

e st ab s o r t u m a lune ab illo totaliter [p] m . Que fr tres videntes su nt no n c m s t u e fac t i Ad s re d ie ns s s anc E modi u p . quo ip e tus gidius , 1 1 “ a u m disc e sse rat frat rib u s : fe c is se t is quia p r , dixit Quid , Si v idis se t is m aio ra P E t adie c it : a na no n m c Qui m g videt , odi a

a Et d ic t is c e llam v b i se c e lare t ac c ss m gna c redit hiis ad [ ] e it. 1 2 E t quia de m o ne s sanc t o s viros e t perfec tos no n p o ss u nt

t e rro rib u s n c a m a m e t t e m ta [ ] o ere molestare , ad lia rte p

c s u e rb ie t v a e lo ri dam t io ne s co nfu iu nt e n e . u o g , videli et p [ ] g Q

1 2 nd sanctissim u s A . o r am C . a S . gl i 11 ” A Et enim so l o u ebaris . . a r s t . . de te ip q B g ee wi h C 1‘ m Su pplied fro S . ” 2 a m s o t o re re he nde re t i n t in o r b u t is The pas s ge fro thi p int p s o A. B . in is o u n a so in L2 . 1 0 6 1 0 . S . It f d l , pp 7 2 7 n o . re v e r tit ur MS . Ag ell MS 8 ” 2 u b u s . S . I t a u e ac o s n o e t ra u s MS . q i q , l t ile ti , pt 1 ° 1 1 u fro m . ro n a r u m S pplied S . MS w gly p t 1 2 “ ” “ ” ns r s u u s w . ns r s u os b u t n t r a ars MS. her e i e t q ib , hile S i e t q , ei he ppe n ec essary. AND TRAN SLATION 7 9

n thou that the Holy Spirit hath ever Since come upo any one ,

n s as He came upon the Apostles on the day of Pe teco t, that is “ in the form of tongues as of ﬁre Saint Giles answered I f “ n n is n : I ho our myself, my ho our nothi g, and added Let ”

no . 0 n us speak more of that matter holy, yea i deed most holy Giles, upon whom the Lord was pleased to bestow so n n if great grace ! He himself spoke thus concer i g himself, as “ n : speaking of another, sayi g Blessed Paul is said to have

n o o u t been twice caught up to heave , either in the b dy or

‘ n n Go d n of the body, addi g I k ow not , k oweth but what , ” if God caused any m an to know o fa truth concerni ng this ?

n o ne n I 5a. Whe at time Saint Giles was sojour ing in the 1 house of the Brethren at Agello and when at the accustomed

n the o f f hour at vespers he retur ed to brothers to partake ood, he began after supper to utter unto the brothers who were there divine words full o fsweetness and of exceeding gre at devotion

and c as he thus poured forth these words , himself onsumed

f z who with ervent eal , he caused the hearts of the brothers n i heard him to burn within them. And he remai ed n that holy silence and rapture before the brothers until the cock A nd crew for the ﬁrs t time. the light of the moon was e x

ceedin n g bright. And whe he departed from the brothers and

n so made his way towards his cell, sudde ly great a light shone round about that the light of the moon was wholly eclipse d

x n . thereby. The brothers seeing this were e ceedi g astonied . n n n n t n had n But Sai t Giles retur i g u to hem , si ce he go e but “ : n f a little way, said unto them What would ye have do e i ” ye had seen greater things ? and added : He who sees not ” n e n in And great thi gs, believ s commo th gs to be great . this

said , he betook him to his cell to hide himself. And since the ev il spirits are not able to hurt and trouble with their terrors

m e n and f l holy per ect, they have recourse to other wi es and

and . o ne temptations , to wit pride vainglory At time when he was in the place of P u ppio and was standing praying in l n n his ce l one ight, he heard the foul spirits standi g beside “ him saying : Why doth this m an labour so hard ? Already he

1 ac n ar ras m n in s r c o f ru ia A pl e e Lake T i e e the di t i t Pe g . X F A 8 0 TE T O C NONICI MISC . 52 8

tempore dum st are t in loco de stans in c ella sua

v b i o rab at u adam n au diu it de m o ne s stante s i q octe, u x ta se “ dicentes Quid tantum l ab o rat homo iste ? Iam sanctus 2 ” l am e x st ic u e st vnc tu s es t at s es t . . Iam . Ipse vero ques

iu it u o dam c su o m c o nﬁd e bat postea a q so io , de quo multu , “ e x st atico no n in quid hoc esset , maxime de verbo , q uod “ t e lli e b at. re s o ndit : g Cui ille p Ne cures , frater, quia dya boli c a t e m ptat io fuit Q uo dam tem pore c u m h u m ilitate c aritat e re p re he nde ret

u e mdam frat re m nc E diu s re re he ns io ne di nu m q sa tus gy p g ,

de di nat u s e st in n c s u en i a t i frater ille g . Cui o te eq t s tit 2 “ u ida m in n dic e ns c i z indi ne ris in re [q ] visio e Ne g , frater,

re he ns io ne nc E idii c c c i p sa ti g , quia beatus rit, qui redit 1 2 2 n 0 v . n Ma e autem facto [F . 4 ] accessit frater ille ad sa ctum

E idiu m n e u m u t c u m re re he nde re t . g , roga s secure p

I 6 Cu m u e ro in u are t nc . q iam ad diem ap p p q sa tus Egidius ’ 4 o b it us s u v t m n nim iu m n z, do i us post laborem certame 2 c o ro nam v icto riam r adh u c requiem post sibi da et, plus

c im u nari v t ro b at us n n more solito epit p g , p per om ia oste da

u adam n n o rat io nes tur. Nam cum q octe post lo gas quietem

c e t in l oco vellet fa ere post laborem corporis , demon cepit [ ] 6 i no o c au t v t n ali u at e nu s r . tam arto l , posset q se moue e

Cu m u e S ic s o anx ie t at e lab o rare t vt su r e re t q exi t ns maxima , g ,

n s e ru ie ns c al i u ant u l u m frater Gratia us sibi epit q hoc audire.

C u m u e a a ro in u are t au die ns c n q vero m gis celle pp p q , lari s anx iante m fo rt ite r c u m sic au dire t n se me t i su m , , i tra p cepit “ c : ac ce dis ro iu s e t e rit in o ratio ne cogitare di ere Si p p ,

e rm itt as s in v ide b is e st Et ipsum orare p autem aliter, quid

dict is ho st iu m c iu it c c Cu m u e hiis ad elle epit aus ultare . q “ sic au dire t e u m l ab o rant e m allo u it u r s m a , q ip u Quid h bes, ” 7 ? : V n ﬁ li n v ide ns ho st iu m frater At ipse e i, , ve i Qui “ e t a e rire no n n : no n o s p vale s dixit Quid est, quod ego p

1 “ u ro m B u t L2 r a s r o no 6 Anal . F ranc . S pplied f S . e d P ep See te , ,

II I 1 . p . 0 6 . 2 . r a s c o r bu t L 2 unc tu s S e d vi t , 3 ” a s an au m ac o acc ss ra r . MS . dd M e te f t e it f te ille , deleted ” 2 “ 4 o bitu m s u u m A o m s o s v ic toriam MS . . . it p t 7 6 A and L l i uant ul u m a r . 2 a q A. p te A ND TRANSLATION 8 1

is A an n n. r . is holy. lready he hath u ctio Al eady he ecstatic But afterwards he asked a certain companion whom he greatly

n and c nc n n trusted , what this mea t chieﬂy o er i g the word “ ” t c n . n n ecsta i , which he did not u derstand H is compa io “ n n : no t a swered him sayi g Heed it , brother , for it was a ” n temptatio of the devil . It befell once that Saint Giles was with hu mility and love

n was o f and the admo ishing a brother who worthy reproof,

e was n n m n broth r wrath. The followi g ight there ca e u to “ o ne n n : no t n him sayi g u to him Be a gry , brother, at the

n fo r him reproof of Sai t Giles, he who believes will be happy And n n was n n whe morni g come , the brother we t to Sai t Giles and n him n asked him to admo ish sou dly.

I 6 n n o f . Now when Sai t Giles drew ear to the day his

t in o m h im a dea h , order that the L rd ight give rest fter his

and wn c n great toil and strife a cro after vi tory , he bega to be n a m assailed yet more than was his wo t , so th t he ight be

in Fo r o ne n n a rs proved all things. when ight after lo g pr ye

his z him and he sought rest from bodily toil , the devil sei ed

a in so na c c in no e pl ced him rrow a pla e , that he ould wis

as s n all m move himself. And he was trivi g with his ight to

ft r n who was r n him b n li himself up, B other Gratia se vi g , ega

n c n n c to hear sou ds thereof. But approa hi g earer to the ell , n a and he heard more distinctly how he was labouri g h rd , when he he ard this he began to reﬂect thus withi n him self : “ t n and at If hou goest ear he is prayer , thou wilt leave him ” i am : no t so a s . to pray but if he be , thou wilt see wh t iss

n n c and n Havi g said which, he we t to the door of the ell bega n A nd n n to liste . heari g him strivi g hard , he Spoke to him “ n : a ? And an : sayi g What ils thee, brother he swered

i so n c m ! And n Come h ther , my , o e hither seei g the door “ and in n n : a c nn be g u able to ope it , he said Why is it th t I a ot ” “ n o ? And n n : ss ope the do r Sai t Giles a swered Pre , press

so n an a n ! Fo r hard , my , d thou sh lt ope the door I am ” a n A nd forced gainst the door by my foes and c an ot rise. 2 8 8 2 TEXT OF CANON ICI MISC . 5

“ su m a e rire ? E t nc s : firm a in u it p sa tus Egidiu Firma, , q , 2 fo rt it e r fili ho s tiu m a e rias s u m , , p Nam ego ab h o st ib u s ostio ap[p]o diat u s ne c surgere possum qui e t dum ' ' ' 2 [fi r tztu dzne adzu tu s ] im pe ll e ns fo rt it e r ostium ape ru it vio

n int rans ue c e o rt ic u m v b i nc iace le ter ; q ell p , sa tus Egidius

i ib us nit e b a u r v r t no n . bat , ipsum totis erigere valet erigere ” D ixit sanc tus Egidius : D im ittam u s in manu dom i ni : quod

' c inu it us arm u zt sanct o c u m s ic ali u ant u ille, li et [ ] Egidio , q

dim isisse t v irilit e r c e t e x t rax it c lum , epit ipsum de lo o illo 4 E o st u am ali u ant u l u m u ie u isse t F O] t am a t . 2 2 rto. p q q q [ 5 6 r c s u o nit it u r n d abo l u s i . ] dixit so io Quare ta tum y d u ina “ b e ne ﬁc ia ? su o : fec ist i in u it impedire ait socio Bene , q , ”

ﬁli n . D n in u it re t rib uat E t , quod ad me ve isti omi us, q , tibi . “ e i s c a fe c ist i ? m e no n dixit o ius suus Qu re hoc , pater cur v o c ab as ? uale m in u it c o nsc ie nt iam o t u is e m u s Q , q , p s habere,

s fu nam e t n re re he ns ib ile Si tu mortuu isses , tibi obis p valde ” “ 2 fu is s t nc re s o ndit b e . : o e st Cui sa tus Egidius p Quid tibi , 7 Si fit vindicta de inim ic is meis ? quare Sic insidiat u r dyabo lus b e ne fi ciis ? E t s i h o c e dei semel esset, portabile esset, t si 8 i u n ie s b is ii i u . sc it o fi rm o vel ter vel j vel q q Sed pro , quod n nit itu r n n n qua to plus molestare, ta to plus i ferius desce dit,

' ' N n im i u it u it a re s ist it . o en n meu m r zua ozu m qui deo [ , q , f p j sen/ ire deo] se d dei ; e t ﬁnis e rit simili modo propter miseri 2 N o n e st m iru m si demon tantum pe rseq u it ur

e ccato re m c u m e m c c m e t co nce t u m p , s iat ipsu de pe ato atum p ,

e u m c n ad ill u m vnde c e c idi quia videt as e dere locum ipse t.

m s e iu s t rib u lau it e t t rib u lat ne c n Na p me, si it me quiescere ” v llo m odo.

u adam n c iu x ta fes t u m n I 7 . Item , cum q o te sa cti Bene 1 ° d ic ti n o rat io ne m face re t n n sa ctus Egidius ad domi um , demo

“ 1 o n r S o a so b u t v e l o c ite MS . vi le te l S A r 7 A o m s ro m Nam o n r B u t . a r s s u bs an al . . it f vi le te B g ee with C . t ti ly 3 c o rru : r a s or ss m adiu nc tu s u am MS . pt e d f ti i e MS . q 2 ” 2 “ . r a s so c o su o . S o a so o m s o bes t MS epe t dixit i l S . A. it 7 “ ” “ ” A. u ar ur in u it : . u ar in u id an um q e igit q S q e q t t . 2 A and L2 o m ii i u in u ie s . it vel j vel q q ” " o m s o s n nc N o n m o o b ut has . A . it wh le e te e d , S . it 1 ° — a r s . and L2 o m iuxt a Be nedicti 8 . g ee ; A it A ND TRA N SLATION 8 3 s um m oning all his strength he pus hed with great force against the door and burst it open : and c ro ss ing the threshold of the

n s i cell , where Sai t Giles lay, he trove with all h s m ight to a him c no t so n r ise up, but ould do . The said Saint Giles : Let u S leave ourselves in the hand of the Lord And his c m an n n n c n n n n o p io , though u willi gly, o se ted u to Sai t Giles , and n f a ac s whe he had le t him thus for sp e , he ei zed him

his n and him a n r with all stre gth drew out of th t a row plac e. A nd had s a hi after he re ted awhile, he s id to s c om panion Why doth the devil s trive s o hard to hinder the bless i ng of

? m s o n a c am s m e God Thou didst well , y , th t thou e t to .

a And his c n The Lord rew rd thee . ompa ion said to him “ s s m a ? n a Why did t thou thu , y f ther Why didst thou o t c ll

? a c n c nc c a a me Wh t o s ie e ould we h ve had , if thou h dst

n a m c a a a n n bee de d, for u h bl me would h ve f lle both upo thee ” n A d a “ ' and upo us . n S int Giles answered : What IS it to

n m n m s n m e ? thee, if my e e ies reve ge the selve upo Why doth th e devil plot thu s against the grac e of God ? And if thi s

n nc n o r happe ed but o e, it would be tolerable, or eve if twice

s n thrice or four time or ﬁve times. But k ow of a truth , that the m s s o m c a ore he strive to hurt , u h the lower doth he f ll ,

a s F o r was no t m o wn in bec use he resi teth God . it of y will

nn n a r the begi i g th t I served God , but th ough the will of God ; and so will the e nd be likewise through the m erc y o f God . It is no wonder that the devil thu s pers ec utes a si nner when

n is c nc and n in s in he k ows that he o eived bor , for he sees the

m s sinner ri se to the very s ame place from whic h he hi elf fell .

' For often he troubled m e and still troubleth m e and su ﬂe re th ” me no t any wise to rest a n c n n a I 7 . Ag in upo a ertai ight bout the time of the 1 n n c a n was n n Feast of Sai t Be edi t , while S i t Giles prayi g u to

n c c b e the Lord , the devil sought to hi der the gra e whi h was i n s h i n c n fr ng m i i tered u nto m of God . Bei g ex eedi g a f ighted

c ns n c r at the terror whi h the devil i pired , he bega to y aloud “ ” in his : r he l l an fear Help, b others , p Brother Grati who was in a c n r ell ear by, being a oused by his cries, rose up

1 ’ arc arst i.e . abo u a mo n b or s a . M h . t th ef e B . Gile de th 2 84 TEXT OF CA NON ICI MISC . 5 8 v o lu it se impedire b e ne ﬁc iu m a domino ministrat u m ad cuius

e rte rritu s t e rrib il ib u s v o c ib u s ac cla terrorem valde p , cepit 1 “ ” u c cu rrite s uc cu rrit e l v o ce m mare : S , fratres , Ad quam

n e x c itat u s c u m in u adam frater Gratia us , qui erat prope q

v e lo c it e r su rre x it e t iu it e u m n fo rt it e r e t cella, ad clama s “ d e s t im eas ne t im eas ! su ccu rro ic n : Ne , pater, ego enim ” “ ” ac ce de ns c e l lam x : hab u ist i ? tibi ad di it Quid , pater

e i c ﬁli ne ﬁli E t Qui dixit Ne ures , , cures, frater patri “ r dit Dimitt e s iu x ta e x n espo n : me hic e se te, quo ta tum te ” “ e rse u itu r inim icu s . : in u it p q Cui dixit pater Dominus, q ,

re trib u at ﬁli : nam n fec ist i n . tibi , be e , quia ad me ve isti 2 V in u it e t re u e rt e re Y m mo c u m ade, q , ad locum tuum sero o l 2 2 v l a c o m e st io ne m F . . c e l m post [ 5 ] vellet redire ad , “ dic e b at : In nocte e x spec to martyrium Item cum qu adam “ vic e l o q u e re t u r cu m q u o dam socio suo dixit : A principio mundi v s qu e nunc m elior religio nec e x peditio r religione ” n no n a ru i fratru m minorum i fra ppa t .

I a ro in u aret 8 . Cum sanctus Egidius maxime pp p q ad dies 2 4 re u e rt e re t u r el n extremos, cum a c la gaudio i dicibili cuidam “ s u o : s it ho e ? socio dixit Fili , quid tibi videtur, quid Ego inu e ni magnum t he s au ru m tam l uc idis sim um e t s pl e ndidissi 5 n n no n v ale re t d e u asto mum , quod li gua car ea exprimi . Ego , 2 ﬁ l i de u asto S ed ﬁli b e nedic aris d eo , ego [ ] dicas, , Si a ,

E t s e iu s h o c ite rab a quid tibi videtu r. p t tanto gaudio et 7 n c u m dice re t re le t u s u ardore erat e im hoc p , quasi spirit

s anc t o e b riu s v ide b at u r. c u m dic e re t vt Cui quidam frater , v e nire t e t c m s u m e re t re s o ndit Hic e st c ib u s ibu , p optimus , “ ﬁ li e t frater quasi t e mp tans c u m re spo ndit : In talib u s no n e st c u randu m n u t c o m edas n , pater , ve i , veni Et sa ctus 8 “ no n l e u ite r fo rens responsum dixit : Non bene dix isti frater ; po t ius v o l u isse m quod tam gravem alapam mihi

1 c am ar e t c r A . l e di e e 2 “ ” “ S o a so . t a aru it c u m m s l S o pp ; A . m au te vellet de sero post co e t io nem r r ad ce ll am dic ebat : Exs ec to m art r u m edi e , p y i 3 A . and . C u m ss ro o b it u m su um a r s . B e et p pe S . g ee with C “ A. B . S . L 2 a c a . r a s ad ce llam , , , ell C e d 5 ” 0 S o a so . b u t . e x rim ere no n o s sum M S . S I l S A p p . 7 “ 9 “ S o . and S . b u t . o o r a s e t B ; A d e MS . dd

2 8 86 TEXT OF CANON ICI MISC. 5

e disse s e x iu isse t d , quod sanguis Credendum est quod illa 1 sanct issima se ntire t dile ct u s su us S ic u t anima iam , quod [ ], [ ] 2 l o c u t u s e st e x t rahe re cam tabe m aculo Sibi , vellet [ ] de suo ad fru e ndu m ill um l o rio siss im u m thesau r u m g [ ] in celis, quem ab 2 co nue rs io nis su ere ro are e t initio sue meruit invenire, p g

ill am redix it at custodire . Nam mortem quam p [ ] ex illo

de siderau it ex adim l e uit multo tempore , hoc dominus p desiderium suum .

uadam n f dic e ret 1 9 . Q e im vice cum quidam rater eidem

dix isset s eru u s quod beatus Franciscus , quod dei semper

e t ﬁnire m art rii res o ndit desiderare debet mori morte y , p “ “ n dicens : in u it me lio ri sa ctus Egidius Ego , q , nolo mori

o t m lat i F ] 2 26 r. m o u m morte quam de c n e p o ne [ O . ] Y m q o da 2 tempore cum e x desiderio m artyri i pro Christi amore iu it ad

arace no s o st u am re ue rsu s e t S , p q fuit meruit ascendere ad 6 c o nte m lat io nis : No l u isse m in u it culmen p , ait , q , tunc mori morte m artyrii

o b it u m fo rt ite r f b i i r 20 . Prope suum cepit e r c ta e et ex nimia anx ie tat e tussis e t dolore capitis e t pectoris non po te rat c o m e de re 81 dormire nec quiescere. Sed super l ec tu m

no ct u u e o rtab ant v t inve n r fratres die q p ipsum , quietem i e t. [I n] vigilia vero sanc ti Georgii m art yris nocte illa hora matu ti

sic l ec t u m o rtare nt o su eru nt nali cum fratres ipsum super p , p

le c t u m e t sic v ide b at u r caput eius super , quasi quiescere sine t ract u clau sis o cu lis e t o re tunc rapta e st illa sanct issima

n s u e rnam at riam t ransmissa a ima ad p p .

sanct e E idie e t re ue ra sanc tissim e eo de O g , qui m die, quo

' ins irau it e t add u x it Franc iscu m v t dominus te p ad beatum , imit are rz s e u m n re li io nis [ ] , ipse illo die te i duit vestimento g , reu o l utis u in ua inta duo b u s e o de m q q g annis, illo die dominus te pe rdu x it ad c iuitat e m c iu iu m su pe m o ru m !

Quedam persona sancta vidit per visionem , quod dominus cum militia ange l o ru m e t animaru m sanctaru m o b uiau it et

1 ra r ns f MS . f te i tead o suus “ ” 2 A o m s sicut s b . it i i . 3 8 0 . o m s r S A . it su per e o gat e ” 1 dicens MS . dixit S . . 11 “ “ ” 1 “ A. iverat and i t S . B . veri . M S . et A ND TRANSLA TION 87

l c e hi most holy sou already per eived that his Belov d , as he m

t its self said , sough to draw it forth from earthly tabernac le n in n to e joy that most glorious treasure the heave s, which from the beginning of his c onversion he was c ounted worthy to ﬁnd and guard : for the Lord fulﬁlled his longi ng by grant ing unto him that very death which he foretold and which he n so lo g desired .

n c n 1 9 . When o ce a ertai brother said to him that Blessed Francis had said that the servant o f God ought always to

’ a n n desire to die and to meet a martyr s de th, Sai t Giles a swered “ saying : I desire to die no better death than that of c o n ” n a n t e mplatio n . And whe at a cert i time out o f a desire to suffer martyrdom for the love of Christ he went to the Sarac ens and havi ng returned thenc e was c ounted worthy to asc end to “ c n n : am h the very height of o templatio , he said I glad t at I ’ did no t then die a martyr s death 2 0 n n and . As his death drew ear , he fell i to a high fever , by reason of wrac king cough and pain in head and c hes t he

r o r b c ould neither eat no sleep n rest . But the brothers ore m and n n h im him in their ar s day ight upo his bed , to hel p ﬁnd On a n to rest. the eve of the Fe st of Sai t George the

n f c Martyr, at the hour of the ight o ﬁ e while the brothers were

n a o n c c and so thus beari g him , they l id his head his ou h he seemed to be resting wit h eyes and m outh c losed and without drawing o f breath : and the n his most holy soul was c aught up

to its home in heaven above . o n n c O most holy Giles , who the sel f same day upo whi h the Lord i nspired thee and led thee to Blessed Franc i s to

and o n c c s h ! follow after him whi h he himself lothed thee with the n and t wo a a r a garb of religio , ﬁfty ye rs fte wards , w st brought by the Lord i nto the fellowship of the Citi zens of Heaven In the year when he was translated to H eaven a c ertain holy man beheld in a vision how the Lord with a gr eat c o m pany of angels and holy souls went to meet him and received him in the air and caught him up with honour and with angeli c

songs. 28 8 8 TEXT OF CANON ICI MISC . 5

1 2 occurrit illi in aere anno qu o c e l u m asc e nde re t e t cum honore e t an e l o ru m e cantico g assumpsit u m . 2 u ili l u taria e t t 2 1 . Septem valde l a dab a e t sa perfec a 4 habuit in se sanc tus Egydius : a primordio co nu e rs io nis s ue 2 81 co ttidie v squ e ad diem mortis magis ac magis pe rfec tior propter que c re dit u r quod dominu s larga s u e bene 7 dictio nis manu grac iam s uam m u lt iplicasse t in eo et donis 2 c u m o tio rib u s am lias se ﬁde liss im u s p p t . Primum quod

c : m de uo t u s : re u e re ns : catholi us fuit secundu , tertio , quarto ,

co m at ie ns : n so llic it u s o bedie ns pius p q ui to , sexto , septimo gratiss im us deo e t ho m inib u s fuit de be ne ﬁc iis sibi

c o llat is .

EXPLICIT VITA BEATI EGIDI I QUAM COM P OSUI T FRATER

LEO ET DE O . SCRIPSIT PROPRIA MAN U . LAUS SEMPER V EN ANNO M CCCC XXX IIJ IN VIGILIA AS C SIONIS .

1 — . a ra. S o a so and S . a r cu ar orm and a oo exam e MS e l A , B , ve y pe li f g d ﬂ o f c o s c o nn c o n b n s the l e e ti etwee the e MSS . 2 ” 8 0 S . . and o m ann nd ; A B . it o asc e eret . 3 4 S o S . . o m s et f nc o ; A it per ec ta A. pri ipi 2 e rfec t iu m 2 MS . p S u pplied fro m A. 7 2 . ar am manu m am l icasset MS l g MS . p AND TRANSLATION 89

2 1 n n . Sai t Giles possessed seven exceedi g laudable, whole

and f : n n n some, per ect qualities from the begin i g of his co ver sion and daily until his dying day he became more and more

fe per ct , wherefore it is believed that the Lord multiplied His grace upon him with a bounteous hand and caused him to n n abou d with eve mightier gifts. First, that he was most n believing and most loyal to the Catholic Faith seco d , devout

r and c n : f z third, everent fourth , pious ompassio ate ﬁ th, ealous

si : o f and m e n r n xth , obedient seventh , beloved God by easo n in of the virtues which joi ed themselves him .

HERE ENDETH THE LI FE OF BLESSED GILES WHICH BROTHER LEO COMPOSED AN D WROTE WITH HIS OWN BE To GOD W THE 1 8 HAND . PRAISE AL AYS . IN YEAR 43 THE EVE O A u n ON F THE SCENSION .

A X PPENDI .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

THE following list aim s m erely at i ndic ating the pri nc ipal a work s be ri ng upon Bless ed Giles of A ss i s i . It would have to be largely extended if it were to i nc lude al l the works bearing n upon the c ritical problems disc ussed in the I ntroduc tio .

- A t a 2 2 2 1 866 . n t r u t o m . . 2 . c a S c o m . , April , iii , pp 49

A B ati F r a ci t i r u B s . a . rtur e naZr e S o c o m u . j . Ed by P S batier ’

c d E t u de v 2 . n s o L . 1 0 Colle tio , iv 9 - a : D e Co n o r m itate Vitae B F ranci sd Bartholomew of Pis f .

' ad it i i l r a . V am D om u A na ecta F ana sean t o m . . n es . j , iv , pp 2 - 2 n 6 0 d sim u arac h i 1 0 . a c . 5 33 pas . Q 9

di s z i z u ct r e r De ita . z E i i A r lr enr lr a o . n . V B Bulletti , Fr He y g

F r i - Leo c/z a c z a c i . . r . A v F r a u m H s t ri u m . 1 1 ne . u m nalr n o e , f s ii 9 5

' ' a m F r a A sr zlrienrzk Vita e t n S . na s o f. a Cel o , Tho as ’ M ir aeu / a. d Al n n m 1 6. . e o . 0 Ed by P. Ed . c Ro e , 9 Cit roni I r l u n l ect F r anaircana ca X X V Gene a i m . A a a ,

- . . . 1 1 uarac c h i 1 8 tom ii , pp 7 4 5. Q . 9 7 . D i a e i 1 et B ti [ E idi A r i ie zk ar c c h 0 . u a . a g i s s ns . Q 9 5 D o m m cu me t ti ra na L. n . n a A n gu a F nairea . Ed . by Le e s

' r hi 1 a F r at is L e is u arac c . 1 0 . S m ta on . P rs I p Q 9 . i tr : de Le A nt u a . Pars I II . Ex actions g enda g Qua

c c . 1 2 ra hi 9 0 . ’ i i B . E idio D A s r i l r . s . V ta de Fratini , Fr. Giu eppe g

1 8 8 . Assisi , 9

z ie u l l en zu r Geselt ielzte des Izl f. . D e . Goet , Pro Walter Q F ranz n A v i si. 1 o ss 0 . Gotha , 9 4

Ed . by Marcellino da Civezza and Te o ﬁlo D o m e nic he lli. 1 8 Rome , 9 9 . 9 2 B IBLIOGRAPHY

tire S aints and B l es s ed o the Orders o t f f S .

- 8 1 0 0 . n n. F rancis . . . , vol ii , pp 9 Tau to

- S o . c n nn . ns 1 . n n Ma do ell , A e pp 5 7 9 Lo do , 1 0 2 9 . n D er Me ge , Fr. Gisbert .

n n u nd n ac . n 1 0 6 Sei Lebe Sei e Spr he Paderbor , 9 .

n n c . Tb e Golden a in s B r other . S o Robi so , Fr Pas hal y g f i G l es o A ss is i. 1 0 . f Philadelphia, 9 7

9 4 IND EX

I CH L S G LASS E RO E R C B DE E E HSO LII S 26 . B 2 . JA O A S P T , N O A , 7

am s S t. at C o m o st e ll a 8 2 . S r. r n at ar 1 0 1 1 . J e , , p , , 9 , 4 , Sh i e B i , , o n Tar u rinis o m n u m o f J h de g , C pe di , ’ 0 RI S s am n c o nc rn n 1 4 . PA , Gile l e t e i g, 9 . - - o n Vis e lb ech 1 . ru a s at 2 1 2 . J h de , 3 33 Pe gi , Gile , 3 ’ o na s ro c c o nc rn n 2 ru ans and bo o f . s 1 J h , Gile p phe y e i g, 3 . Pe gi the dy B Gile , , u n r ro r 1 2 22 2 J ipe , B the , , 7 . , 3 . r C ath aniu s 2 1 Pete , 3 , .

L e enda Anti u a 2 . r ac r ro r and his oub 1 g g , 9 P e he , B the , d t , 7 , P rima 0 1 o m as o f ano 2 1 8 2 6 Th Cel , 4. , . n o f r o m an o ns 8 Lege d Th ee C p i , 7 , , 9 ,

2 6 6. UARAc c HI o ium . Bo naven 5. 3 39 . 4 Q , C lleg S

m m ns F r . L 2 0 2 . t u rae 28 Le e , ., 9 , 3 , 35, 4 , 43 , .

L eo ro t e r 1 2 1 1 6 2 2 . , B h , , , 5, , 5, 7 h is au o rs o f 2 2 8 Rrv o R T 1 0 26 6 th hip Life, 5, TO O , 5, , , 44, 45, 4 .

o nso n . F r as c a 2 . R bi . P h l , , 9 ’ Liber de I ntentione S and i F rancird . o m e s s t o 1 2 1 . , 43 R , Gile vi it , 9 , , 3 ~ - o n and o r l 2 8 . u r m e a ro a o f . L g Life h t Li e , , 33 47 R le , P i itiv , pp v l , 4 , 9

o u s S t . ! n o f ranc his s t o a a r au or s m n o n L i , , i g F e , vi it S b tie , M . P l , w k e ti ed, s 1 8 26 Gile , , , 43 . S al im b e ne ro r ro n c o f , B the , Ch i le , NU SCRI P TS S anc ta M aria de P or tiu nc u la 22 MA , 5, 9 , ,

r n o a r ar 1 6 : 0 . Be li , R y l Lib y, 9 3 44 . 45

ano n c sc . 2 : 0 2 S anctor u m uatuor Cor onatorum in C i i . Mi 5 5 3 , 4 . Q ,

- 28 : 2 0 2 . o m 1 . 5 , 3 33 . 4 R e , 3 ro n c l o f n ra s ar S ecu l u m P er ec tionir 2 2 Ch i e XXIV Ge e l , v i p f , 7 , 5, 9 , 35, 43 , o u s , 34 . 45 .

n z 8 r and . au 0 V222“ 2 6 0 ' Lieg it , . Pete S P l , 3 , 9 1 351 3 1 4

42 .

azar n 2 6. Ter tamenfu m c fi F rancisci 0 2 M i e , , 3 , 3 , s o r o m 28 2 S . I id e , R e, , 4 .

o f ano n c sc 28 : 2 8 . 35 Text C i i Mi . 5 5 9 nna : 2 2 o m as o f ano 2 6 0 Sie , F XI , 9 9 , 4 . Th Cel , 3 , 4, 35, 3 , 39 , 4

a c anu s : 0 . V ti 4354 3 44 , 45 ’ r a o ns o f ras er r ars o u s in 1 . el ti hip , 47 . T tev e , F i h e , 3

arc no da e z z a 2 u n s m ss o nar o u rn t o 1 2 1 . M elli Civ , 5. T i , i i y j ey , , 3 arc o f nc o na 1 1 2 8 6 M h A , 7 , , 5, 3 , 4 .

c a S t r n at ar ano 1 0 1 1 VAN ORTROY Fi re 2. Mi h el , . , Sh i e G g , , . , , 35, 4

rro r o f e r c o n 2 2 Ver ba S . P . F rancisci Mi P fe ti , 7 , 5. 9 , 35, 43 , 45. , 43. M i - n 1 o nt e ri do o n n o f s at 2 1 2 . r acu ar as sa s in L2 . p , C ve t , Gile , 3 Ve l P ge , 4