What's Missing from the Discussion of “Food Deserts”? Sarah R. Atkinson
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FOOD DESERTS in DC Areas That
FOOD ACCESS IN DC A Focus on Retail Grocery Access FOOD DESERTS IN DC Areas that • are located more than half a mile from a grocery store or supermarket, • have low rates of car access, and • have a high poverty rate. MORE THAN HALF IN WARD 8 Food deserts • Make up about 11 percent of D.C.’s total area (6.5 square miles), and • Are concentrated in the neighborhoods of Anacostia, Barry Farms, Mayfair, and Ivy City. • Ward 3 has no areas considered a food desert. Ward 2 does contain a food desert, but it is quite small—only 0.13 square miles. DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD RETAIL • West of Park: lots of full service supermarkets • East of the River: lots of corner stores SUPPLY SIDE • The Food Policy Council and the DC Office of Planning are working with ICF International on a report on the supply-side landscape of D.C.’s food economy. • Legislative and budget initiatives to help increase supply • When policy conversations focus exclusively on grocery store gaps, we implicitly ask grocery stores to accomplish many things: improve nutrition, solve hunger, prevent obesity and chronic diseases, and improve the overall health of thousands of residents. DEMAND SIDE • High income households stronger preference for healthy options. Households with income below $25,000 are willing to pay an average of $0.62 per day to consume the U.S. recommended daily intake of healthy nutrients instead of the maximum daily intake of unhealthy nutrients, whereas households with income above $70,000 are willing to pay almost twice that amount. -
Notes on the Practice of Food Justice in the US
Notes on the practice of food justice in the U.S.: understanding and confronting trauma and inequity Rachel Slocum 1 Kirsten Valentine Cadieux Minneapolis, USA University of Minnesota, USA Abstract The lexicon of the U.S. food movement has expanded to include the term 'food justice.' Emerging after approximately two decades of food advocacy, this term frames structural critiques of agri-food systems and calls for radical change. Over those twenty years, practitioners and scholars have argued that the food movement was in danger of creating an 'alternative' food system for the white middle class. Alternative food networks drew on white imaginaries of an idyllic communal past, promoted consumer-oriented, market-driven change, and left yawning silences in the areas of gendered work, migrant labor, and racial inequality. Justice was often beside the point. Now, among practitioners and scholars we see an enthusiastic surge in the use of the term food justice but a vagueness on the particulars. In scholarship and practice, that vagueness manifests in overly general statements about ending oppression, or morphs into outright conflation of the dominant food movement's work with food justice (see What does it mean to do food justice? Cadieux and Slocum (2015), in this Issue). In this article, we focus on one of the four nodes (trauma/inequity, exchange, land and labor) around which food justice organizing appears to occur: acknowledging and confronting historical, collective trauma and persistent race, gender, and class inequality. We apply what we have learned from our research in U.S. and Canadian agri-food systems to suggest working methods that might guide practitioners as they work toward food justice, and scholars as they seek to study it. -
Article JSSJ FPADDEU 2015 Mobilisations JE Et JA VF Anglaise Ve¦Ürifie¦Üe Avec Illustrations
9/2016 From one movement to another? Comparing environmental justice activism and food justice alternative practices. Flaminia PADDEU , PhD in geography, member of the ENeC research laboratory, ATER at Sorbonne University (Paris, France), agrégée in geography and graduate from the École Normale Supérieure (Lyon, France). Abstract Food justice activism is generally considered to be an offshoot of environmental justice. We question this lineage based on empirical elements by comparing the two movements in terms of theoretical objectives, daily practices and strategies. Our material comes from the study of two grassroots movements in low-income neighborhoods in the United States – environmental justice in Hunts Point (South Bronx) and food justice in Jefferson-Mack (Detroit) – where we conducted field surveys between 2011 and 2013, interviewing more than sixty stakeholders. We demonstrate how environmental justice activism in the Bronx is the expression of a protest model, involving rallying against polluting infrastructures, whereas food justice alternative practices in Detroit are characterized by the organization of community food security networks. Despite similarities between the two movements, we strongly challenge their “lineage”. Not only do the types of collective action and the catalysts differ markedly, but each of the two movements has evolved relatively independently in the context of an assertion of the food justice movement. Key words South Bronx; Detroit; food justice; environmental justice; alternative practices. 1 1 9/2016 The food justice movement is generally considered to be an offshoot of the environmental justice movement, and the lineages between the two movements were first emphasized in the 1990s (Gottlieb & Fisher, 1996). The term food justice was first used in scientific journals specialized in environmental justice such as Race, Poverty and the Environment (Gottlieb & Fisher, 2000). -
Culturing Food Deserts: Recognizing the Power of Community-Based Solutions
Portland State University PDXScholar Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Publications and Presentations Planning 1-1-2017 Culturing Food Deserts: Recognizing the Power of Community-Based Solutions Catherine Brinkley University of California, Davis Subhashni Raj SUNY University at Buffalo Megan Horst Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/usp_fac Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Horst, M., McClintock, N., & Hoey, L. (2017). The intersection of planning, urban agriculture, and food justice: a review of the literature. Journal of the American Planning Association, 83(3), 277-295. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. CULTURING FOOD DESERTS: RECOGNIZING THE POWER OF COMMUNITY-BASED SOLUTIONS Culturing Food Deserts: Recognizing the Power of Community- Based Solutions CATHERINE BRINKLEY, SUBHASHNI RAJ and MEGAN HORST Food deserts, places where residents lack nearby supermarkets, have received a ention from the media, academics, policy-makers, and activists. The popular policy response is to establish a new supermarket. Yet, communities who live in food deserts may already have their own well-adapted strategies to access healthy food. In this article, we argue that policy-makers all too often overlook in situ opportunities, and may even disrupt low-cost healthy food access options with supermarket interventions. -
“Access”: Rhetorical Cartographies of Food
TROUBLING “ACCESS”: RHETORICAL CARTOGRAPHIES OF FOOD (IN)JUSTICE AND GENTRIFICATION by CONSTANCE GORDON B.A., San Francisco State University, 2011 M.A., University of Colorado Boulder, 2015 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Communication 2018 ii This dissertation entitled: Troubling “Access”: Rhetorical Cartographies of Food (In)Justice and Gentrification written by Constance Gordon has been approved for the Department of Communication Phaedra C. Pezzullo, Ph.D. (Committee Chair) Karen L. Ashcraft, Ph.D. Joe Bryan, Ph.D. Lisa A. Flores, Ph.D. Tiara R. Na’puti, Ph.D. Peter Simonson, Ph.D. Date The final copy of this dissertation has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB Protocol #17-0431 iii Gordon, Constance (Ph.D., Communication) Troubling “Access”: Rhetorical Cartographies of Food (In)Justice and Gentrification Dissertation directed by Professor Phaedra C. Pezzullo ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the rhetorical and spatiotemporal relationships between food politics and gentrification in the contemporary U.S. developing city foodscape. Specifically, I explore a seemingly innocent, yet incredibly powerful key term for the food movement today: “access.” The concern over adequate food access for the food insecure has become a national conversation, as everyone from governments to corporations, non-profits to grassroots advocates, have organized interventions to bring healthy food to those most in need. In rapidly developing cities, however, these politics have become particularly complicated, as new food amenities often index or contribute to gentrification, including the displacement of the very people supposedly targeted for increased food access. -
Food Security and Health POSITION STATEMENT Oklahoma Health Equity Campaign
Food Security and Health POSITION STATEMENT Oklahoma Health Equity Campaign “You’ve got to go out on a limb sometimes because that’s where the fruit is.” ~Will Rogers A community is food secure when… . There are adequate resources (such as grocery stores or farmers markets) from which people can purchase foods. Available resources are accessible to all community members. Food available in the community is sufficient in quality, quantity and variety. There are adequate food assistance programs to help low income people purchase and prepare nutritious foods. Locally produced food is available to community members. There is support for local food production. Every household is food secure within the community.1 Oklahoma Ranks Very High, for having Very Low Food Security Over half a million Oklahomans live in households that are food insecure. And nearly a quarter million live in households with “very low food security,” meaning their eating patterns were disrupted and food intake was reduced because they couldn’t afford enough food.2 Likewise, the numbers of Oklahomans signing up for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, SNAP (formerly known as food stamps) reached an all time in 2009, with 1 out of 7 adults, and 1 out of 4 children participating.3 Oklahomans also face a number of diet-related chronic health problems such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes. In fact, according to the United Health Foundation, Oklahoma ranks 46th among all states for our overall health. And we come last in line for our fruit and vegetable consumption.4 Some of the many related contributing factors include: . -
Electronic Green Journal Volume 1, Issue 43 Development And
Electronic Green Journal Volume 1, Issue 43 Development and validation of the Just Community Gardening Survey: A measure of the social and dietary outcomes of community garden participation Kate G. Burt and Kathleen Delgado Lehman College, City University of New York; Hostos Community College, City University of New York, United States Introduction The food justice movement (food movement) seeks to promote equity in the food system by establishing the production, processing, distribution, and access to healthy food as a right to communities (Purifoy, 2014). Issues within the food system addressed by localized food movements include eliminating food insecurity, reducing disparities in diet-related disease, creating equal access to healthy food, and expanding healthy alternatives to processed food (Freudenberg, McDonough, & Tsui, 2011). One proposed strategy to increase community control and access to healthy, culturally appropriate food is community gardening. Community gardens promote important aspects of food justice, providing a physical space to connect with community members and improve community cohesion, organizational capacity, and social networks (Armstrong, 2000; Teig et al., 2009). Communities of color and those with low-incomes, in particular, realize the social benefits of community gardens have used coalitions built in the garden to address neighborhood issues (Armstrong, 2000). Community garden participation (CGP) has also been used for civic engagement as a platform to develop partnerships, conduct education, and as a site to strengthen community members’ relationships (Gonzalez, 2015). CGP may also produce dietary benefits to community members. While the purpose of CGP is not necessarily food production, many community gardeners grow food and report increased access to fruits and vegetables and increased food security (Draper & Freedman, 2010). -
Food Deserts and Food Markets: Community Health in Virginia
Department of Agriculture Climate Change and How it Relates to the Food Deserts and Food Markets: Community Health in Virginia Presented by Latia Jackson, MIS Darrell Logan (Second Author) Essence Georges (Third Author) Research Team: Ms. Darlette Meekins, Dr. Shobha Sriharan, Ms. Latia Jackson, Mr. Darrell Logan, and Ms. Essence Georges www.agriculture.vsu.edu Department of Agriculture Overview: Introduction Definition of Food Desserts Purpose and Objects of Research Methods Results Conclusion Future Research www.agriculture.vsu.edu Department of Agriculture Introduction • Food deserts are more common than some might think….. • The absence of affordable and healthy food for low-income residents prevents a healthy lifestyle • Health issues such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and heart disease are at epidemic proportions affecting nations worldwide • Corner and convenience stores are abundance in impoverish areas www.agriculture.vsu.edu Department of Agriculture Food Deserts Urban Areas Populations living more than one mile from a supermarket or large grocery store Rural Areas Populations living more than ten miles from a supermarket or large grocery store Ref: Ver Ploeg et al., 2012 www.agriculture.vsu.edu Department of Agriculture Low Income/ Low Access: 1 mile or more from nearest supermarket 2015 https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas/go-to-the-atlas/ Food Desert Atlas: ERS www.agriculture.vsu.edu Department of Agriculture www.agriculture.vsu.edu Department of Agriculture Corner Markets Disadvantages: -
Alliance Building in the Food Sovereignty Movement: Perspectives from Activists Advocating for Farmworker Justice and Agrarian Justice
The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Spring 5-21-2021 Alliance Building in the Food Sovereignty Movement: Perspectives from Activists Advocating for Farmworker Justice and Agrarian Justice Sarah Ruszkowski [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Recommended Citation Ruszkowski, Sarah, "Alliance Building in the Food Sovereignty Movement: Perspectives from Activists Advocating for Farmworker Justice and Agrarian Justice" (2021). Master's Theses. 1380. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/1380 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alliance Building in the Food Sovereignty Movement: Perspectives from Activists Advocating for Farmworker Justice and Agrarian Justice Sarah Ruszkowski A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of San Francisco in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Migration Studies The College of Arts and Sciences May 2021 2 Alliance Building in the Food Sovereignty Movement: Perspectives from Activists Advocating for Farmworker Justice and Agrarian Justice In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER IN MIGRATION STUDIES by Sarah Ruszkowski May 2021 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under the guidance and approval of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis project has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. -
Food Insecurity in Advanced Capitalist Nations: a Review
sustainability Review Food Insecurity in Advanced Capitalist Nations: A Review Michael A. Long 1,*, Lara Gonçalves 1, Paul B. Stretesky 2 and Margaret Anne Defeyter 3 1 Department of Sociology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Social Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE18ST, UK; [email protected] 3 Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 March 2020; Accepted: 28 April 2020; Published: 1 May 2020 Abstract: Food insecurity is a substantial problem in nearly every advanced capitalist nation, with sizable portions of residents in many affluent countries struggling to eat healthily every day. Over time, a very large literature has developed that documents food insecurity, evaluates programs meant to reduce that insecurity, and proposes solutions to attenuate the problem. The purpose of the current review is to provide a very broad overview of the food insecurity literature, including definitions, measurement, areas of study, and impacts on health. Importantly, this review suggests there are two major causes of food insecurity in the advanced nations: economic inequality and neoliberalism. The food insecurity literature suggests that diminished government responsibility in advanced capitalist nations corresponds to an increase in feeding programs run by non-profit and charitable organizations. This review concludes by suggesting that, while a massive amount of research on food insecurity currently exists, more research is still needed to address gaps in the literature when it comes to significant events, coping strategies and disadvantaged populations. -
Tennessee Food Desert Relief Act
Tennessee Food Desert Relief Act: A Rapid Health Impact Assessment Final Report April 22, 2016 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Page 3 Executive Summary 4 What is HIA? 7 Objectives 9 Background 10 Screening 15 Scoping 16 Policy Analysis 17 Assessment 20 Potential Health Impacts 23 Recommendations 30 Conclusions 32 References 33 Appendix A – SB 1176 “Tennessee Food Desert Relief Act” 35 Appendix B – Key Informant Survey Instrument 37 Appendix C – HIA Steering Committee 40 Appendix D – Terms of Reference for conduct of HIA 41 Appendix E – Timeline of HIA 43 2 Acknowledgements The authors and assessors are grateful for the contributions of: The HIA Steering Committee The Tennessee Obesity Taskforce Nora Geary and Lauren Cardick, Washington University in St. Louis Funding This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (grant number 1R01CA124404-01) and Cooperative Agreement Number U48/DP001903 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers Program. 3 Executive summary Background A Health Impact Assessment (HIA) was undertaken by the Tennessee Obesity Taskforce and the Prevention Research Center in St. Louis to examine Senate Bill 1176: Tennessee Food Desert Relief Act. HIA is a formal process that undertakes to examine the potential positive and negative impacts on health of a particular proposal or policy. This report describes the process of conducting the HIA, the health issues at stake in Tennessee, and a set of recommendations. Food deserts are often -
Do Urban Food Deserts Exist in the Global South? an Analysis of Nairobi and Mexico City
sustainability Article Do Urban Food Deserts Exist in the Global South? An Analysis of Nairobi and Mexico City Jeremy Wagner 1,* , Lucy Hinton 1, Cameron McCordic 2, Samuel Owuor 3, Guénola Capron 4 and Salomón Gonzalez Arellano 5 1 Balsillie School of International Affairs, 67 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 6C2, Canada; [email protected] 2 School of Environment, Enterprise and Development (SEED), Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; [email protected] 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Hyslop Building, Main Campus, Nairobi, P.O.Box 30197-00100, Kenya; [email protected] 4 División de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Azcapotzalco, Av San Pablo Xalpa 180, Reynosa Tamaulipas, 02200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico; [email protected] 5 Planta Académica de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Contadero, 05370 Cuidad de México, CDMX, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 November 2018; Accepted: 29 March 2019; Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract: Recent conceptualizations of ‘food deserts’ have expanded from a sole focus on access to supermarkets, to food retail outlets, to all household food sources. Each iteration of the urban food desert concept has associated this kind of food sourcing behavior to poverty, food insecurity, and dietary diversity characteristics. While the term continues to evolve, there has been little empirical evidence to test whether these assumed associations hold in cities of the Global South. This paper empirically tests the premises of three iterations of the urban food desert concept using household survey data collected in Nairobi, Kenya, and Mexico City, Mexico.