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TAE 2018 Javier Redondo Universidad De Zaragoza Max Planck Institute Für Physik Overview
Axions TAE 2018 Javier Redondo Universidad de Zaragoza Max Planck Institute für Physik Overview - Strong CP problem - Axions - Axion Dark matter - Searching for axions in the sky in the lab Parity and Time reversal in particle physics (electroweak interactions) P-violation (Wu 56) T-violation (CPLEAR 90’s) R(K¯ 0 K0) R(K0 K¯ 0) ! − ! R(K¯ 0 K0)+R(K0 K¯ 0) 60% ! ! 40% ... but not in the strong interactions many theories based on SU(3)c (QCD) 1 ↵ = G Gµ⌫ + iq¯γµD q qmq¯ + s ✓G Gµ⌫ LQCD −4 µ⌫a a µ − 8⇡ µ⌫a a q X e P,T conserving P,T violating we tend to forget this ↵s µ⌫ ✓Gµ⌫aGa induces P and T (CP) violation ✓ 8⇡ / e ✓ ( ⇡, ⇡) infinitely versions of QCD... all are P,T violating 2 − Neutron EDM 15 Most important P, T violating observable dn ✓ (10− )e cm ⇠ ⇥ O ✓ (1) ⇠ O EDM violates P,T The theta angle of the strong interactions - The value of ✓ controls P,T violation in QCD ✓ ⇡ ⇡ − 0 n n n n¯ n¯ n¯ 10 Measured today ✓ < 10− | | (strong CP problem) Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn 77 QCD vacuum energy minimised at theta = 0 - ... if ✓ ( t, x ) is dynamical field, relaxes to its minimum Energy generated by QCD! ✓ ⇡ ⇡ − 0 n n¯ 10 Measured today ✓ < 10− | | (strong CP problem) ain’t you forgetting something? P. Higgs and a new particle is born ... - if ✓ ( t, x ) is dynamical field Energy generated by QCD! ✓ ⇡ ⇡ − 0 Field Excitations around the vacuum are particles clears the strong CP problem it’s a higgslet! like my favorite soap S. -
Dark-Matter QCD-Axion Searches COLLOQUIUM
PAPER Dark-matter QCD-axion searches COLLOQUIUM Leslie J Rosenberg1 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Edited by Neta A. Bahcall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved October 30, 2014 (received for review July 26, 2013) In the late 20th century, cosmology became a precision science. Now, hadronic jets and the “running” of the strong coupling constant. at the beginning of the next century, the parameters describing how However, by the mid-1970s, it was realized that this theory our universe evolved from the Big Bang are generally known to predicts large violations of CP, the product of charge-reversal a few percent. One key parameter is the total mass density of the (C) and parity inversion (P), due to “instanton” (multiple de- universe. Normal matter constitutes only a small fraction of the total generate QCD vacuua) effects. It would be uncomfortable to mass density. Observations suggest this additional mass, the dark have QCD without instanton-mediated CP violation, as de- matter, is cold (that is, moving nonrelativistically in the early generate vacuua neatly explain hadron masses. One such CP- universe) and interacts feebly if at all with normal matter and violating effect is a permanent electric dipole moment for a spin- radiation. There’s no known such elementary particle, so the strong ning nondegenerate object bound by strong interactions (e.g., presumption is the dark matter consists of particle relics of a new the neutron). kind left over from the Big Bang. One of the most important ques- In a pleasing series of measurements, the neutron is constrained tions in science is the nature of this dark matter. -
NSF 09-33, Impact of Transformative Interdisciplinary Research And
Appendix 1 List of Workshop Participants Organized by Working Groups REsEaRch woRkInG GRoup IGERT Principal Investigators Dr. John Flach Dr. John W. Sutherland Dr. John Brighton Professor / Chair of Psychology Henes Chair Professor Vice President for Research Wright State University of Mechanical Engineering and Economic Development Michigan Technological University Iowa State University Dr. Melissa Hines Professor, Director, Cornell Center Dr. Branka Valcic Dr. James A. Calvin for Materials Research (for Dr. Gary Kofinas) Interim Vice President for Research Cornell University Assistant Professor of Economics Texas A&M University University of Alaska Fairbanks Dr. Hutchison Keith Dr. Larry H. Danziger Professor of Biochemistry, Micro- Dr. Ouri Wolfson Interim Vice Chancellor for Research biology and Molecular Biology Professor of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago University of Maine University of Illinois Chicago Dr. Sandra Degen Dr. Timothy A. Kohler Dr. Neal W. Woodbury Vice President for Research Regents Professor of Anthropology Professor of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Washington State University and Biochemistry Arizona State University Dr. Arthur Ellis Dr. Kenneth A. Oye Vice Chancellor for Research Associate Professor of Political University of California San Diego Science and Engineering Systems Administrators Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. Pierre Hohenberg Dr. John A. Bantle II Senior Vice Provost for Research Vice President for Research Dr. Anu Ramaswami New York University and Graduate Studies Professor of Civil Engineering Wright State University University of Colorado Denver Dr. Jorge V. José Vice President for Research Dr. Joe Benson University at Buffalo, The State Interim Vice President for Research University of New York University of Alabama Tuscaloosa IGERT Workshop Report 29 Dr. -
Professor Helen Quinn
Professor Helen Quinn Helen Quinn was born in Australia and grew up in the Melbourne suburbs of Blackburn and Mitcham. She attended Tintern Girls Grammar School in Ringwood East. She matriculated successfully and obtained a cadetship from the Australian Department of Meteorology to fund her studies at the University of Melbourne. After beginning her undergraduate studies at the University, her family migrated to San Francisco in the early 1960s. Professor Quinn finished her undergraduate, and eventually graduate education at Stanford University. After receiving her doctorate from Stanford in 1967, she held a postdoctoral position at Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron in Hamburg, Germany, then served as a research fellow at Harvard in 1971, joining the faculty there in 1972. She returned to Stanford in 1976 as a visitor on a Sloan Fellowship and joined the staff at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre (SLAC) in 1977. In her current position as a theoretical physicist at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Professor Quinn has made important contributions towards unifying the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions into a single coherent model of particle physics. In 2000 she was awarded the Dirac Medal and Prize for pioneering contributions to the quest for a unified theory of quarks and leptons and of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The award, shared with Professors Howard Georgi of Harvard and Jogesh Pati of the University of Maryland, recognized Professor Quinn for her work on the unification of the three interactions, and for fundamental insights about charge-parity conservation. She has also recently developed basic analysis methods used to search for the origin of particle-antiparticle asymmetry in nature. -
Meeting of the Executive Committee of the DPF
Meeting of the Executive Committee of the DPF December 19, 1997 Present: Bagger, Beier, Burchat, Devlin, Frisch, Georgi, Gordon, Grannis, Kinoshita, Naples, Newman-Holmes, Rutherfoord, Schellman Guests: B. Barnett, T. McIlrath, R. Peccei, J. Sandweiss Agenda: 1. Report of the Chair 2. Report of the Secretary-Treasurer 3. Report of the APS Treasurer 4. Congressional Reception 5. Report on OSTP and OMB Visit 6. APS Council Report 7. Physical Review Letters 8. DPF 99 9. DPF 2000/2001 10. April Meeting 11. Education and Outreach 12. Tanaka Prize 13. APS Centennial 14. Prize for Technical Contributions 15. Phenomenology in the U.S. 16. FNAL Director Search 17. DPF Committees For more on these items, see the DPF home page, http://www.aps.org/units/dpf/. Report of the Chair Paul Grannis introduced the new members of the Executive Committee and thanked the people who are retiring. He announced that Bruce Barnett of Johns Hopkins will begin a three-year term as organizer of the DPF Congressional Reception, and that Bob Cahn of LBNL will take over as Public Information Coordinator. Grannis also reminded the Executive Committee that Gene Beier will replace Frank Sciulli as the DPF representative on ICFA. Report of the Secretary-Treasurer As of November 1, 1997, the DPF account balance stood at $86,274. The prize account balances stood as follows: Panofsky, $64,103; Sakurai, $174,053; Wilson, $107,697. The Panofsky Prize Fund remains significantly underendowed. Howard Georgi will take over the fund raising effort. Howard Gordon and Pat Burchat have volunteered to help. Report of the APS Treasurer Tom McIlrath presented a positive report on APS finances. -
Tracking Optimal Axion-Sensitivie Resonant Modes in ADMX
Tracking Optimal Axion-Sensitivie Resonant Modes in ADMX Nicole Man∗ University of California, Santa Cruz Mentors: Gray Rybka and Leslie Rosenberg University of Washington (ADMX Collaboration) (Dated: August 30, 2019) In ADMX operations, the TM010 mode is best coupled to our antennas as it provides the largest form factor. As the form factor is proportional to the power signal, tracking the TM010 mode ensures the use of the optimal axion-sensitive resonant modes. In this report, I will discuss the method to tracking the optimal axion-sensitive resonant modes in ADMX to ensure maxmized power signals. I. INTRODUCTION II. BACKGROUND For the past few decades, the general consensus for A. Motivation for Axion finding out what makes up approximately 27% of the mysterious side of the universe was determined as a non- In 1977, theorists Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn pro- trivial task. posed a solution to the well known strong CP problem. The most popular dark matter candidate was the the- In the standard model, CP (charge-parity) symmetry is oretical weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). a formal symmtery of any theory in which laws of physics WIMPs were considered a favorable candidate for a long do not distinguish between matter and antimatter. How- time, both having a sensible mass for particles that in- ever, in the theory of quantum chromodynamics, (QCD), teract via the weak force that coincide with the amount the mathematical form of the theory, or the QCD la- of dark matter we see in the universe today, as well as grangian, suggests that there should be in fact a violation filling in the theorized particle in the speculative theory of this symmetry in strong interactions. -
Florida Physics News University of Florida - Department of Physics Annual Alumni Newsletter 2005
Florida Physics News University of Florida - Department of Physics Annual Alumni Newsletter 2005 University of Florida - Department of Physics 1 Contents Chair’s Corner 2 Chair’s Corner UF Teacher/Scholar Award 3 American Physical Society - Three New Fellows 5 APS Keithley Award 5 November 2005 marks the third anniversary of Professors Earn Positions in National Societies 6 my term as department chair, and I can say that the Columbia Shuttle Accident Investigation 7 Student Government Award 8 past year has been the most exciting one (“exciting” Academy Induction 8 in the sense of the ancient Chinese curse, “May you Faculty Promotions 8 Post-Doc Awarded Fellowship from L’Oreal Corporation 8 live in exciting times”). Two significant events come to Research Scholar Award 8 mind: the record 2004 hurricane season, and the July Travel Awards 9 Undergraduate Physics Newsletter - In Review 10 2004 implementation of the new Enterprise Resource Albert Einstein Institut Rewards Two Students 12 Planning so�ware from PeopleSo�, designed to Physics Teacher of the Year 12 manage UF’s financial, payroll, and human resources 25th Brandt-Ritchie Workshop 12 TannerFest 12 activities. As you know, Florida was hammered 45th Sanibel Symposium 13 by four hurricanes during last year’s season, and Faculty Retirement 13 Faculty Selected Publications 14 Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne directly hit Gainesville Davis Productivity Award 16 in September 2004. Although ultimately the damage to Staff Retirement 16 Employee Excellence Awardees 16 UF was minimal, with downed trees, power outages, Undergraduate Honors 16 and minor flooding, it was nonetheless a stressful time Outreach Program 17 Celebrating New PhD’s 18 for the many faculty, staff, and students who were Awards Made Possible By Alumni Donations 18 affected by the storms. -
Glossary of Terms Absorption Line a Dark Line at a Particular Wavelength Superimposed Upon a Bright, Continuous Spectrum
Glossary of terms absorption line A dark line at a particular wavelength superimposed upon a bright, continuous spectrum. Such a spectral line can be formed when electromag- netic radiation, while travelling on its way to an observer, meets a substance; if that substance can absorb energy at that particular wavelength then the observer sees an absorption line. Compare with emission line. accretion disk A disk of gas or dust orbiting a massive object such as a star, a stellar-mass black hole or an active galactic nucleus. An accretion disk plays an important role in the formation of a planetary system around a young star. An accretion disk around a supermassive black hole is thought to be the key mecha- nism powering an active galactic nucleus. active galactic nucleus (agn) A compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits vast amounts of electromagnetic radiation and fast-moving jets of particles; an agn can outshine the rest of the galaxy despite being hardly larger in volume than the Solar System. Various classes of agn exist, including quasars and Seyfert galaxies, but in each case the energy is believed to be generated as matter accretes onto a supermassive black hole. adaptive optics A technique used by large ground-based optical telescopes to remove the blurring affects caused by Earth’s atmosphere. Light from a guide star is used as a calibration source; a complicated system of software and hardware then deforms a small mirror to correct for atmospheric distortions. The mirror shape changes more quickly than the atmosphere itself fluctuates. -
The Early Years of String Theory: a Personal Perspective
CALT-68-2657 THE EARLY YEARS OF STRING THEORY: A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE John H. Schwarz California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Abstract arXiv:0708.1917v3 [hep-th] 3 Apr 2009 This article surveys some of the highlights in the development of string theory through the first superstring revolution in 1984. The emphasis is on topics in which the author was involved, especially the observation that critical string theories provide consistent quantum theories of gravity and the proposal to use string theory to construct a unified theory of all fundamental particles and forces. Based on a lecture presented on June 20, 2007 at the Galileo Galilei Institute 1 Introduction I am happy to have this opportunity to reminisce about the origins and development of string theory from 1962 (when I entered graduate school) through the first superstring revolution in 1984. Some of the topics were discussed previously in three papers that were written for various special events in 2000 [1, 2, 3]. Also, some of this material was reviewed in the 1985 reprint volumes [4], as well as the string theory textbooks [5, 6]. In presenting my experiences and impressions of this period, it is inevitable that my own contributions are emphasized. Some of the other early contributors to string theory have presented their recollections at the Galileo Galilei Institute meeting on “The Birth of String Theory” in May 2007. Since I was unable to attend that meeting, my talk was given at the GGI one month later. Taken together, the papers in this collection should -
STRING THEORY in the TWENTIETH CENTURY John H
STRING THEORY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY John H. Schwarz Strings 2016 { August 1, 2016 ABSTRACT String theory has been described as 21st century sci- ence, which was discovered in the 20th century. Most of you are too young to have experienced what happened. Therefore, I think it makes sense to summarize some of the highlights in this opening lecture. Since I only have 25 minutes, this cannot be a com- prehensive history. Important omitted topics include 2d CFT, string field theory, topological string theory, string phenomenology, and contributions to pure mathematics. Even so, I probably have too many slides. 1 1960 { 68: The analytic S matrix The goal was to construct the S matrix that describes hadronic scattering amplitudes by assuming • Unitarity and analyticity of the S matrix • Analyticity in angular momentum and Regge Pole The- ory • The bootstrap conjecture, which developed into Dual- ity (e.g., between s-channel and t-channel resonances) 2 The dual resonance model In 1968 Veneziano found an explicit realization of duality and Regge behavior in the narrow resonance approxima- tion: Γ(−α(s))Γ(−α(t)) A(s; t) = g2 ; Γ(−α(s) − α(t)) 0 α(s) = α(0) + α s: The motivation was phenomenological. Incredibly, this turned out to be a tree amplitude in a string theory! 3 Soon thereafter Virasoro proposed, as an alternative, g2 Γ(−α(s))Γ(−α(t))Γ(−α(u)) T = 2 2 2 ; −α(t)+α(u) −α(s)+α(u) −α(s)+α(t) Γ( 2 )Γ( 2 )Γ( 2 ) which has similar virtues. -
Superfluous Physics
Superfluous Physics Evan Berkowitz,1, ∗ William Donnelly,2 and Sylvia Zhu3, 4 (Scientists Undertaking Preposterous Etymological Research Collaboration) 1Institut f¨ur Kernphysik and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum J¨ulich, 54245 J¨ulich Germany 2Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N. Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5, Canada 3Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover Germany 4Leibniz Universit¨at Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany (Dated: April 1, 2019) A superweapon of modern physics superscribes a wide superset of phenomena, ranging from supernumerary rainbows to superfluidity and even possible supermultiplets. I. INTRODUCTION The questions run too deep For such a simple man Won’t you please, Please tell me what we’ve learned? Supertramp, The Logical Song Supermassive black holes have nonzero supermass, the quantity that couples to N = 1 supergravity, while in theories with more supercharges one may have superdupermassive black holes, and so on. Just as the no-hair theorem tells us that non-rotating black holes can be described as massive and charged, the no-hair supertheorem tell us that non-rotating superheavy black holes can be described as supermassive and supercharged. String theory provides hope to understand how to go beyond the semiclassical limit to describe in detail if and how black holes preserve unitarity, while superstring theory provides hope to understand the unitarity of supermassive black holes. With the recent observation of normal black hole [1–5] and neutron star[6] mergers via gravitational waves by the super-sensitive Advanced LIGO and VIRGO detectors, it is not unreasonable to expect gravitational-wave detections of supernovae of collapsing superstars or violent supermassive black hole astrophysical phenomena are on the horizon or, if you’ll forgive the absurd pun, superhorizon. -
The CP Puzzle in the Strong Interactions
SLAC–PUB–8964 October 2001 The CP Puzzle in the Strong Interactions∗ Helen Quinn Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This lecture, directed to an broad audience including non-specialists, presents a short review of the problem of strong CP symmetry maintenance. The problem is defined and the possible solutions briefly reviewed. I discuss the way in which Roberto Peccei and I came up with one solution, generally known as Peccei-Quinn symmetry. arXiv:hep-ph/0110050v1 3 Oct 2001 Dirac Medal Lecture 2001 Presented at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy July 3, 2001 ∗Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE–AC03–76SF00515. I would like to begin by thanking the ICTP for this honor, which I greatly appreci- ate receiving. To Miguel Virasoro and to the rest of the selection committee I want to express my sincere gratitude. I am greatly honored to be invited to join the company of the distinguished physicists who have received this award in the past. I also want to thank my collaborators on the work cited in this award, Steve Weinberg and my co-recipient Howard Georgi on the unification of the couplings [1] and Roberto Peccei, with whom I did the work I will talk about today [2]. He was not included in this award as it was principally focused on the other work, on Grand Unified Theories. I know that Jogesh Pati, the third co-winner this year,has talked on that topic, not only in his Dirac lecture [3] but also in his lectures for the Particle Physics school [4].