1 Updated Through January 27, 2016 NOTE: the FOLLOWING IS an UNOFFICIAL COMPILATION of FEDERAL REGULATIONS PREPARED in the SOUTH

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 Updated Through January 27, 2016 NOTE: the FOLLOWING IS an UNOFFICIAL COMPILATION of FEDERAL REGULATIONS PREPARED in the SOUTH Updated through January 27, 2016 NOTE: THE FOLLOWING IS AN UNOFFICIAL COMPILATION OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS PREPARED IN THE SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE FOR THE INFORMATION AND CONVENIENCE OF INTERESTED PERSONS. IT DOES NOT INCLUDE CHANGES TO THESE REGULATIONS THAT MAY HAVE OCCURRED AFTER THE DATE INDICATED ABOVE. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 50 CFR Part 622 PART 622--FISHERIES OF THE CARIBBEAN, GULF OF MEXICO, AND SOUTH ATLANTIC TABLE OF CONTENTS Subpart A--General Provisions.................................. 8 § 622.1 Purpose and scope. ................................... 8 § 622.2 Definitions and acronyms ............................ 10 § 622.3 Relation to other laws and regulations .............. 20 § 622.4 Permits and fees--general ........................... 21 § 622.5 Recordkeeping and reporting--general ................ 25 § 622.6 Vessel identification ............................... 27 § 622.7 Fishing years ....................................... 28 § 622.8 Quotas--general ..................................... 29 § 622.9 Prohibited gear and methods--general ................ 30 § 622.10 Landing fish intact--general ....................... 31 § 622.11 Bag and possession limits--general applicability ... 32 § 622.12 Annual catch limits (ACLs) and accountability measures (AMs) for Caribbean island management areas/Caribbean EEZ ... 32 § 622.13 Prohibitions--general .............................. 35 § 622.14 [Reserved] ......................................... 38 § 622.15 Notice regarding area closures to protect corals ... 38 § 622.16 Notice regarding South Atlantic special management zones (SMZs) ................................................ 38 § 622.17 Notice regarding seasonal/area closures to protect Gulf reef fish .............................................. 39 Subpart B--Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico.......... 39 § 622.20 Permits and endorsements ........................... 39 § 622.21 Individual fishing quota (IFQ) program for Gulf red snapper. .................................................... 43 § 622.22 Individual fishing quota (IFQ) program for Gulf groupers and tilefishes. .................................... 56 §§ 622.23-622.24 [Reserved] ................................. 70 § 622.25 Exemptions for Gulf groundfish trawling ............ 70 1 § 622.26 Recordkeeping and reporting ........................ 70 § 622.27 At-sea observer coverage ........................... 72 § 622.28 Vessel monitoring systems (VMSs) ................... 73 § 622.29 Conservation measures for protected resources ...... 76 § 622.30 Required fishing gear .............................. 77 § 622.31 Buoy gear identification ........................... 77 § 622.32 Prohibited gear and methods ........................ 77 § 622.33 Prohibited species ................................. 78 § 622.34 Seasonal and area closures designed to protect Gulf reef fish ................................................... 78 § 622.35 Gear restricted areas .............................. 81 § 622.36 Seasonal harvest limitations ....................... 84 § 622.37 Size limits ........................................ 84 § 622.38 Bag and possession limits .......................... 85 § 622.39 Quotas ............................................. 86 § 622.40 Restrictions on sale/purchase ...................... 89 § 622.41 Annual catch limits (ACLs), annual catch targets (ACTs), and accountability measures (AMs) ................... 90 § 622.42 Adjustment of management measures .................. 99 § 622.43 Commercial trip limits ............................. 99 Subpart C--Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico.............. 100 § 622.50 Permits, permit moratorium, and endorsements ...... 100 § 622.51 Recordkeeping and reporting ....................... 101 § 622.52 At-sea observer coverage .......................... 102 § 622.53 Bycatch reduction device (BRD) requirements ....... 102 § 622.54 Prohibited gear and methods ....................... 105 § 622.55 Closed areas ...................................... 106 § 622.56 Size limits ....................................... 111 § 622.57 [Removed and Reserved] ............................ 111 § 622.58 Annual catch limits (ACLs), annual catch targets (ACTs), and accountability measures (AMs) .................. 112 § 622.59 Prevention of gear conflicts ...................... 112 § 622.60 Adjustment of management measures ................. 112 Subpart D--Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico....... 113 § 622.70 Permits ........................................... 113 § 622.71 Recordkeeping and reporting ....................... 115 § 622.72 Prohibited gear and methods ....................... 115 § 622.73 Prohibited species ................................ 115 § 622.74 Area closures to protect Gulf corals .............. 115 § 622.75 Harvest limitations ............................... 118 § 622.76 Restrictions on sale/purchase ..................... 119 § 622.77 Adjustment of management measures ................. 119 Subpart E--Red Drum Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico............ 120 § 622.90 Permits ........................................... 120 § 622.91 Recordkeeping and reporting ....................... 120 § 622.92 Prohibited species ................................ 120 § 622.93 Adjustment of management measures. ................ 120 2 Subparts F-H [Reserved]...................................... 121 Subpart I--Snapper-Grouper Fishery of the South Atlantic Region ............................................................. 121 § 622.170 Permits and endorsements ......................... 121 § 622.171 South Atlantic snapper-grouper limited access .... 126 § 622.172 Wreckfish individual transferable quota (ITQ) system ........................................................... 127 §§ 622.173-622.175 [Reserved] .............................. 130 § 622.176 Recordkeeping and reporting ...................... 130 § 622.177 Gear identification .............................. 133 § 622.178 At-sea observer coverage ......................... 134 § 622.179 Conservation measures for protected resources .... 135 § 622.180 Prohibited gear and methods ...................... 136 § 622.181 Prohibited and limited-harvest species ........... 136 § 622.182 Gear-restricted areas ............................ 137 § 622.183 Area and seasonal closures ....................... 143 § 622.184 Seasonal harvest limitations ..................... 146 § 622.185 Size limits ...................................... 147 § 622.186 Landing fish intact .............................. 148 § 622.187 Bag and possession limits ........................ 148 § 622.188 Required gear, authorized gear, and unauthorized gear ........................................................... 150 § 622.189 Restrictions and requirements for sea bass pots .. 152 § 622.190 Quotas ........................................... 154 § 622.191 Commercial trip limits ........................... 157 § 622.192 Restrictions on sale/purchase .................... 159 § 622.193 Annual catch limits (ACLs), annual catch targets (ACTs), and accountability measures (AMs) .................. 161 § 622.194 Adjustment of management measures ................ 182 Subpart J--Shrimp Fishery of the South Atlantic Region....... 183 § 622.200 Permits .......................................... 183 § 622.201 South Atlantic rock shrimp limited access ........ 184 § 622.202 [Reserved] ....................................... 185 § 622.203 Recordkeeping and reporting ...................... 185 § 622.204 At-sea observer coverage ......................... 185 § 622.205 Vessel monitoring systems (VMSs) ................. 186 § 622.206 Area and seasonal closures ....................... 187 § 622.207 Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) requirements ...... 188 § 622.208 Minimum mesh size applicable to rock shrimp off Georgia and Florida ........................................ 191 § 622.209 Restrictions on sale/purchase .................... 191 § 622.210 Adjustment of management measures ................ 192 Subpart K--Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live/Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region.................................... 192 § 622.220 Permits .......................................... 192 § 622.221 Recordkeeping and reporting ...................... 194 § 622.222 Prohibited gear and methods ...................... 194 3 § 622.223 Prohibited species ............................... 194 § 622.224 Area closures to protect South Atlantic corals ... 195 § 622.225 Harvest limitations .............................. 216 § 622.226 Restrictions on sale/purchase .................... 217 § 622.227 Adjustment of management measures ................ 218 Subpart L--Golden Crab Fishery of the South Atlantic Region.. 218 § 622.240 Permits .......................................... 218 § 622.241 South Atlantic golden crab controlled access ..... 219 § 622.242 Recordkeeping and reporting ...................... 221 § 622.243 Gear identification .............................. 221 § 622.244 At-sea observer coverage ......................... 221 § 622.245 Prohibited species ............................... 222 § 622.246 Area closures .................................... 223 § 622.247 Landing golden crab intact ....................... 223 § 622.248 Authorized gear .................................. 223 § 622.249 Gear restrictions and requirements ............... 223 § 622.250 Restrictions on sale/purchase
Recommended publications
  • Parting with Plastics Reducing Disposable Plastic in Our Operations
    MARCH 2017 A publication of the Association of Zoos & Aquariums Parting with Plastics Reducing Disposable Plastic in Our Operations GREEN PURCHASING AND INVESTING SUSTAINABILITY SPARKS BY THE NUMBERS Adopting Green Purchasing ENGAGEMENT, CREATIVITY AND ACTION Climate Change and Investing Strategies Sustainability Programs Engage Staff and Going Green in 2015 Interns and Volunteers March 2017 Features 20 24 30 Parting with Plastics: Green Purchasing Sustainability Sparks Reducing Disposable and Investing Engagement, Creativity Plastic in Our Operations Association of Zoos and and Action Disposable plastics are Aquariums-accredited What do team building, everywhere and can have facilities tie reduced cost savings and urban devastating impacts on purchasing of carbon- gardening have in common? wildlife. Since mass production producing electricity They are all outcomes of started in 1950, plastics have to concerns about sustainability programs and permeated our world at a global warming and the initiatives at Association frenetic pace with roughly 300 acidification of oceans. of Zoos and Aquariums- million tons manufactured Others are making accredited facilities that have worldwide in 2013. packaging changes to successfully engaged staff, reduce their contributions BY WANDA EVANS interns and volunteers. to landfills and to address BY EMILY BRYANT the dangers to wildlife that are posed by improperly discarded plastic. BY TOM PRICE March 2017 | www.aza.org 1 7 16 60 Member View Departments 7 Conservation Spotlight 11 Reintroduction 15 By the
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Marine Demersal Fishes Captured by the Pair Trawl Fisheries in Southern (RJ-SC) Brazil
    Biota Neotropica 19(1): e20170432, 2019 www.scielo.br/bn ISSN 1676-0611 (online edition) Inventory Checklist of marine demersal fishes captured by the pair trawl fisheries in Southern (RJ-SC) Brazil Matheus Marcos Rotundo1,2,3,4 , Evandro Severino-Rodrigues2, Walter Barrella4,5, Miguel Petrere Jun- ior3 & Milena Ramires4,5 1Universidade Santa Cecilia, Acervo Zoológico, R. Oswaldo Cruz, 266, CEP11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil 2Instituto de Pesca, Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Pesca, Santos, SP, Brasil 3Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Uso de Recursos Renováveis, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Santa Cecília, Programa de Pós-Graduação de Auditoria Ambiental, R. Oswaldo Cruz, 266, CEP11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil 5Universidade Santa Cecília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos, R. Oswaldo Cruz, 266, CEP11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil *Corresponding author: Matheus Marcos Rotundo: [email protected] ROTUNDO, M.M., SEVERINO-RODRIGUES, E., BARRELLA, W., PETRERE JUNIOR, M., RAMIRES, M. Checklist of marine demersal fishes captured by the pair trawl fisheries in Southern (RJ-SC) Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 19(1): e20170432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0432 Abstract: Demersal fishery resources are abundant on continental shelves, on the tropical and subtropical coasts, making up a significant part of the marine environment. Marine demersal fishery resources are captured by various fishing methods, often unsustainably, which has led to the depletion of their stocks. In order to inventory the marine demersal ichthyofauna on the Southern Brazilian coast, as well as their conservation status and distribution, this study analyzed the composition and frequency of occurrence of fish captured by pair trawling in 117 fishery fleet landings based in the State of São Paulo between 2005 and 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Sedar50-Rd30
    Stock Complexes for Fisheries Management in the Gulf of Mexico Nicholas A. Farmer, Richard P. Malinowski, Mary F. McGovern, and Peter J. Rubec SEDAR50-RD30 22 July 2016 Marine and Coastal Fisheries Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science ISSN: (Print) 1942-5120 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/umcf20 Stock Complexes for Fisheries Management in the Gulf of Mexico Nicholas A. Farmer, Richard P. Malinowski, Mary F. McGovern & Peter J. Rubec To cite this article: Nicholas A. Farmer, Richard P. Malinowski, Mary F. McGovern & Peter J. Rubec (2016) Stock Complexes for Fisheries Management in the Gulf of Mexico, Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 8:1, 177-201, DOI: 10.1080/19425120.2015.1024359 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2015.1024359 Published with license by the American Fisheries Society© Nicholas A. Farmer, Richard P. Malinowski, Mary F. McGovern, and Peter J. Rubec Published online: 26 May 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 379 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=umcf20 Download by: [216.215.241.165] Date: 22 July 2016, At: 08:08 Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 8:177–201, 2016 Published with license by the American Fisheries Society ISSN: 1942-5120 online DOI: 10.1080/19425120.2015.1024359 SPECIAL SECTION: SPATIAL ANALYSIS, MAPPING, AND MANAGEMENT OF MARINE FISHERIES Stock Complexes for Fisheries Management in the Gulf of Mexico Nicholas A. Farmer* and Richard P.
    [Show full text]
  • Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Summer 2016 Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes Christi Linardich Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Environmental Health and Protection Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Linardich, Christi. "Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes" (2016). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/hydh-jp82 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOTSPOTS, EXTINCTION RISK AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF GREATER CARIBBEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO MARINE BONY SHOREFISHES by Christi Linardich B.A. December 2006, Florida Gulf Coast University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2016 Approved by: Kent E. Carpenter (Advisor) Beth Polidoro (Member) Holly Gaff (Member) ABSTRACT HOTSPOTS, EXTINCTION RISK AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF GREATER CARIBBEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO MARINE BONY SHOREFISHES Christi Linardich Old Dominion University, 2016 Advisor: Dr. Kent E. Carpenter Understanding the status of species is important for allocation of resources to redress biodiversity loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Andrew David Dorka Cobián Rojas Felicia Drummond Alain García Rodríguez
    CUBA’S MESOPHOTIC CORAL REEFS Fish Photo Identification Guide ANDREW DAVID DORKA COBIÁN ROJAS FELICIA DRUMMOND ALAIN GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ Edited by: John K. Reed Stephanie Farrington CUBA’S MESOPHOTIC CORAL REEFS Fish Photo Identification Guide ANDREW DAVID DORKA COBIÁN ROJAS FELICIA DRUMMOND ALAIN GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ Edited by: John K. Reed Stephanie Farrington ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research under award number NA14OAR4320260 to the Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research and Technology (CIOERT) at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute-Florida Atlantic University (HBOI-FAU), and by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory under award number NA150AR4320064 to the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the University of Miami. This expedition was conducted in support of the Joint Statement between the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba on Cooperation on Environmental Protection (November 24, 2015) and the Memorandum of Understanding between the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. National Park Service, and Cuba’s National Center for Protected Areas. We give special thanks to Carlos Díaz Maza (Director of the National Center of Protected Areas) and Ulises Fernández Gomez (International Relations Officer, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment; CITMA) for assistance in securing the necessary permits to conduct the expedition and for their tremendous hospitality and logistical support in Cuba. We thank the Captain and crew of the University of Miami R/V F.G. Walton Smith and ROV operators Lance Horn and Jason White, University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW-CIOERT), Undersea Vehicle Program for their excellent work at sea during the expedition.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology • Number 90
    SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 90 Geology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III Clayton E. Ray and David J. Bohaska EDITORS ISSUED MAY 112001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, D.C. 2001 ABSTRACT Ray, Clayton E., and David J. Bohaska, editors. Geology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, number 90, 365 pages, 127 figures, 45 plates, 32 tables, 2001.—This volume on the geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine is the third of four to be dedicated to the late Remington Kellogg. It includes a prodromus and six papers on nonmammalian vertebrate paleontology. The prodromus con­ tinues the historical theme of the introductions to volumes I and II, reviewing and resuscitat­ ing additional early reports of Atlantic Coastal Plain fossils. Harry L. Fierstine identifies five species of the billfish family Istiophoridae from some 500 bones collected in the Yorktown Formation. These include the only record of Makairapurdyi Fierstine, the first fossil record of the genus Tetrapturus, specifically T. albidus Poey, the second fossil record of Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder) and Makaira indica (Cuvier), and the first fossil record of/. platypterus, M. indica, M. nigricans Lacepede, and T. albidus from fossil deposits bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Robert W. Purdy and five coauthors identify 104 taxa from 52 families of cartilaginous and bony fishes from the Pungo River and Yorktown formations. The 10 teleosts and 44 selachians from the Pungo River Formation indicate correlation with the Burdigalian and Langhian stages. The 37 cartilaginous and 40 bony fishes, mostly from the Sunken Meadow member of the Yorktown Formation, are compatible with assignment to the early Pliocene planktonic foraminiferal zones N18 or N19.
    [Show full text]
  • Date: 1/9/2017 Question: Botulism Is an Uncommon Disorder Caused By
    6728 Old McLean Village Drive, McLean, VA 22101 Tel: 571.488.6000 Fax: 703.556.8729 www.clintox.org Date: 1/9/2017 Question: Botulism is an uncommon disorder caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. Seven subtypes of botulinum toxin exist (subtypes A, B, C, D, E, F and G). Which subtypes have been noted to cause human disease and which ones have been reported to cause infant botulism specifically in the United States? Answer: According to the cited reference “Only subtypes A, B, E and F cause disease in humans, and almost all cases of infant botulism in the United States are caused by subtypes A and B. Botulinum-like toxins E and F are produced by Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum and are only rarely implicated in infant botulism” (Rosow RK and Strober JB. Infant botulism: Review and clinical update. 2015 Pediatr Neurol 52: 487-492) Date: 1/10/2017 Question: A variety of clinical forms of botulism have been recognized. These include wound botulism, food borne botulism, and infant botulism. What is the most common form of botulism reported in the United States? Answer: According to the cited reference, “In the United States, infant botulism is by far the most common form [of botulism], constituting approximately 65% of reported botulism cases per year. Outside the United States, infant botulism is less common.” (Rosow RK and Strober JB. Infant botulism: Review and clinical update. 2015 Pediatr Neurol 52: 487-492) Date: 1/11/2017 Question: Which foodborne pathogen accounts for approximately 20 percent of bacterial meningitis in individuals older than 60 years of age and has been associated with unpasteurized milk and soft cheese ingestion? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive rod, is a foodborne pathogen with a tropism for the central nervous system.
    [Show full text]
  • CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
    FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Ecology of Western Indian Ocean Reef Sponges
    Chemical ecology of Western Indian Ocean reef sponges A dissertation by Stephanie Helber Bremen, August 2016 Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften der Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in der Zeit von März 2013 bis August 2016 am Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie (ZMT) in Bremen angefertigt. Finanziert wurde Arbeit von der Leibniz Gemeinschaft (SAW-2013-ZMT-4). Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Claudio Richter (Erstgutachter) Prof. Dr. Peter Schupp (Zweitgutachter) Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Matthias Wolff Dr. Sven Rohde Weitere Mitglieder des Prüfungsausschusses: Claudia Pogoreutz (Doktorandin) Natalie Prinz (Studentin) Datum des Promotionskolloquiums: 29. September 2016 © 2016 Stephanie Helber Für meine Mama SUMMARY Sponges are among the dominant benthic organisms on coral reefs, representing important spatial competitors for reef-building corals. Coral reefs have experienced drastic declines in coral cover and corresponding increases in the abundance of other spatial competitors, such as macroalgae, corallimorpharians and sponges, due to a combination of global and local stressors. The ability of sponges to chemically defend themselves against predators, microbes and other competitors may partially explain their high abundance on reefs worldwide. Nonetheless, studies investigating sponge abundance and chemical ecology are rare, particularly in the Western Indian Ocean, which is considered a hotspot of coral and sponge biodiversity. Thus, this thesis is the first study that provides insights into the chemical ecology of sponges from the Western Indian Ocean. The thesis consists of a general introduction, three chapters investigating in detail different aspects of chemical defence mechanisms in sponges from Zanzibar and a general discussion. In Chapter 1 I assessed the benthic community composition of the reef at Bawe, an island on Zanzibar’s West Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico
    United States Department of Agriculture Guide to the Forest Service Ecological Systems International Institute of Tropical Forestry of Puerto Rico General Technical Report IITF-GTR-35 June 2009 Gary L. Miller and Ariel E. Lugo The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Gary L. Miller is a professor, University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804-3299.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of Marine Ornamental Fishes with Reference to Production Systems, Feeding and Nutrition
    ' -~~... --- Culture of Marine Ornamental Fishes with reference to Production Systems, Feeding and Nutrition G. Gopakumar Regional Cen re of Central Marine Fisheries Research Instiwte, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India Cora] reefs support o,rer 4000 species of fish, During the past few years the Omrra] Marine about 800 species of reef building corals and a Fisheries Research Institute has in ensified its great number of 0 her invertebrates and sponges. research ,on breeding, seed production and culture' The omiUllen al animals are the highest value technologies for marine ornamental fishes. One of added product that can be harvested from a coral the milestones in this progr-amme .is the recent reef. TJle annual global marine ornamental trade success in the hatchery production technology of is estima oed at US $ 200 - 330 million_ Unlike downfish. Ano her significant achievement is in freshwa er Ornamentai species wher~ over 90% of the seed production of sea horse. Expe.rimenta1 the species are produced in [anns, almost the success was also obt ained on the brood stock entire ornamental species in the trade are collected development and larval rearing of five species of from the coral reefs and adjacent habitats. Hence damselfishes. the long t.erm sustain ability of the industry is a Production Systems controversial aspect. The damaging techniques such as the use of sodium cyanide are non-selective Hatchery Production of Clownfish methods used to ca:pture Ush and it adversely Clownfishes continue to be the most de­ am ,cts the health of the fish and also kills tJl.e non­ manded marine tropical fish and the technologies target organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Bahama Grand Port Project Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization Survey Report
    Grand Bahama Grand Port Project Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization Survey Report Submitted to: Submitted by: Applied Technology and Management CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. 2047 Vista Parkway, Suite 101 8502 SW Kansas Avenue West Palm Beach, Florida 33411 Stuart, Florida 34997 Telephone: 561-659-0041 Telephone: 772-219-3000 Grand Bahama Grand Port Project Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization Survey Report DOCUMENT NO. CSA-ATM-FL-19-81038-3433-01-REP-01-VER02 Version Date Description Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by: 01 10/11/19 Initial draft for review E. Hodel D. Snyder E. Hodel 02 10/15/19 Draft E. Hodel R. Cady E. Hodel The electronic PDF version of this document is the Controlled Master Copy at all times. A printed copy is considered to be uncontrolled and it is the holder’s responsibility to ensure that they have the current version. Controlled copies are available upon request from the Document Production Department. Table of Contents Page List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................................... iv List of Photos ..................................................................................................................................... v List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]