Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News

PHILADELPHIA MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY NEWS

December, 2016 Volume 124, Number 10

President’s Message Upcoming Programs by Deb Craig, President by Doug Klieger

Hello Fellow PMS Members, December 8 No Program The cooler temperatures and Holiday season are up- December 11 Annual holiday event, Great American on us! May you, and all those you hold dear, enjoy a Pub, Conshohocken, PA wonderful Thanksgiving celebration. With the holiday January 12 A highly rated video, Dr. Robert Bowell, “Tsumeb: A Mineralogical Paradise!” season comes the anticipated countdown to our major February 9 “The uses and misuses of MINDAT.ORG annual PMS events. as a mineral tool.” Doug K and John R. will demon- We look forward to our December 11th Holiday Party strate this tool live using Cathedral Village’s internet at The Great American Pub in Conshohocken. This event connection. Commentary from Karenne Snow. replaces our PMS December membership meeting. That evening we will enjoy a mineral Pollyanna—all you have to do is bring a mineral gift in order to choose one. For Secretary’s Desk by Nancy Stephanos, Secretary the moderate cost of $40, we will enjoy a fine dinner buffet, a lecture by Ron Sloto about the Grace Mine and a night of fellowship with our rockhound friends—please join us! GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING The Philadelphia Mineralogical Society, a Pennsylvania We are planning the annual PMS Swap and Sell in Nonprofit Corporation held a general membership January 21, 2017 at Cathedral Village and our Annual meeting on Thursday, October 13, 2016 at Cathedral PMS Show and Sale the last weekend of March 25-26, Village, Philadelphia, PA. A total of 35 members were 2017 at LuLu Temple. We need every member’s help present. with these activities and we ask you to plan on helping (Continued on page 4) with, or attending, these important PMS annual mile- stones. The upcoming mineral Shows and PMS Field Trips listed in our newsletters allow us to continually foster INSIDE THIS ISSUE our mutual interests. Please feel free to suggest any mineralogical activities to the PMS Membership whenever PMS 2016 dues, Club News, PMS Officers, 2 we mingle, all suggestions are welcome. Field trips 3

I certainly look forward to seeing you all at our holi- Academy of Natural Sciences Mineral Exhibit 4 day party in December. Please enjoy the beginning of Safety Matters - The Trouble with Research 5 this beautiful Holiday season. Junior Activities—Children Need Not Apply 5 Merry Christmas, Franklin Institute—Jurassic World 6 Happy Hanukkah, Calendar of Events,- Swap and Sell 7 Happy New Year! Loose Heads and Avoiding Solder Lines 8 Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News: December, 2016 Page 2

Club News Some folks have signed up to exhibit at the March show and some folks are taking flyers around for publicity - 2017 is the 125th anniversary of the Philadelphia Miner- Board meeting The next Board Meeting alogical Society, the second oldest continuously meeting will be held on January 15, 2017. at 3:00 club in the nation, so show volunteers get one free t-shirt. pm. The location is at Lee and Marilyn Tori’s house. Additional shirts will be available for sale. When we start Members are invited to attend. Please contact Deb Craig signing up volunteers in January, you will be asked for day if you plan on attending. and times you are available, two kinds of contact information and your -t shirt size. All important information! 2017 Membership dues/Life Membership Member’s Open Houses Just a friendly reminder, membership dues for the 2017 calendar year are due starting on January 1st. The Socie- So far, nothing is planned for December except for our ty has approved a new class of membership, a lifetime new social tradition of a Sunday Holiday Party. This is the membership in the amount of $250. If you are interested time for encouraging a member or two to think about in becoming a lifetime member of the Society, please hosting a member open house. It's been a few years since contact Chris Duerr. we've done this. Please contact Karenne with a proposed date and time of your Open House and let members know Start Planning for the Show what refreshments they can help provide. In between your holiday activities, we on the show com- (Continued on page 3) mittee would like you to think about and plan an exhibit for our annual show on March 25 and 26. Bill Prince is having surgery and will not be at our pre show meetings PHILADELPHIA MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY to take sign ups for the exhibits. So, please call or email 2017 DUES him with your questions about doing a mineral display. In January and February, Karenne will have sign up Adult and Family Membership $20.00 sheets available. Remember, you will also be eligible for Senior Membership (>60 years) 15.00 our 2017 volunteer t-shirt!. Contact Bill Prince by phone Student/Junior Membership 5.00 at 215-674-0738 or email at [email protected] if (valid student I.D. required) you at are considering entering an exhibit. Sign up soon as space is limited . For membership information, please contact: Chris Duerr, 480 S. 2nd Ave., Phoenixville, PA 19460

THE PHILADELPHIA MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY — OFFICERS and DIRECTORS

President: Deb Craig Field Trip Committee: 267-334-3110 /[email protected] Karenne Snow Vice President: Chris Duerr 609 353-4101/[email protected] 610-637-2549/[email protected] Bill Shinn Secretary: Nancy Stephanos 610-299-0626/[email protected] 215-330-0527/[email protected] Norm Fronk Treasurer: John Rateike 215-872-9449/[email protected] 215 576-0741/[email protected] Webmaster: Joel Sloane Show Chair: Karenne Snow www.philamineralsociety.org 609 353-4101/[email protected] Membership: Chris Duerr Program Chair: Doug Klieger 610-637-2549/[email protected] 610-644-2492/[email protected] Newsletter Editor: Scott Peters 610-715-3693/[email protected]

The Philadelphia Mineralogical Society is a member of the Eastern Federation of Mineralogical and Lapidary Societies and the American Federation of Mineralogical Socie- ties, and has been recognized by the I.R.S. as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization incorporated in the state of Pennsylvania. The purposes of the Philadelphia Mineralogical Society are the study of the science of Mineralogy and its related subjects; to bring into a close relationship students, amateurs, professionals and others interested in Miner- alogy; to provide a common meeting ground where such may be freely discussed; and to promote in general the study and progress of Mineralogy. These purposes are ac- complished through general meetings, an annual show, field trips, presentations and displays. The Philadelphia Mineralogical Society meets on the 2nd Thursday of each month (with the exception of July and August) at 7:00p.m. at Cathedral Village 600 E. Cathedral Road, Philadelphia, PA 19128 . Visitors are always welcome to attend general meetings.. Anyone interested in joining the club may talk to any officer about the dues and membership requirements. Website: www.philamineralsociety.org Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News: December, 2016 Page 3 In The Field (Continued from page 2) Karenne Snow, Field Trips Holiday Party

For the Holiday Party, we are all invited to bring a Polly- Field Trip Report - Coatesville anna. What is it? It is a wrapped gift, with no name on the outside. Do please put your name on the INSIDE of Bill Shinn led the September field trip to the the wrapping, so the person who gets it knows who to Coatesville pegmatite. Five people enjoyed the per- thank. Those who bring something, draw numbers to fect weather and had a good time collecting. Speci- know the order in which to choose one of the gifts. You mens of mica crystal books, white quartz, blue bring something - you get something. The gifts are to be quartz, and clear smoky quartz were all collected. earth science related items: minerals, books, collecting Guess we'll have to go again next year to look for materials... There is no specified dollar amount; we try that beryl! for reasonable and interesting. See you December 11th! Field Trip Report - Bay Front Beach Get Well "Nothing for the display case!" Our thoughts and prayers are with Bill Prince as he re- covers from surgery. But we all (John, Marilyn, Matt, and I) had a good and fun time collecting at Bay Front Park in Maryland. Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News It was Matt's second field trip and he found one of The Deadline for the newsletter is the twentieth of each the prize cow shark teeth! Marilyn and John got 92 month prior to publication date (i.e. Feb. 20 for March more small teeth for their jam jar, along with a 1" mako issue). Submissions and exchange bulletins should be and 1" sand tiger and 6 decent tiger shark teeth. I emailed to the editor, in 11 point, Calibri font. No issue picked up a number of clay pieces with shell imprints is normally published during July or August. Non- until I finally found a good tooth beach. commercial reprint permission is hereby granted unless The super moon did impact the tides this time - low otherwise reserved so long as: (1) The Editor of the Phil- was very low so scanning the sand was easier. But those adelphia Mineralogical Society News grants written, re- huge teeth still eluded us! Next time... print permission (2) The article is reproduced in its en- tirety, (3) the author of the article is credited, and (4) the source the Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News is credited. Please inform the editor of any information that you would like included in this section of the newsletter including but not limited to: birthdays, anniver- saries, illnesses and members’ news.

Fossils collected by Karenne Snow

Bay Front Park, MD

An example of a Cow Shark tooth Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News: December, 2016 Page 4

(Continued from page 1) Mentioned upcoming shows *see newsletter for list Meeting Notice Called for members to attend Holiday Party Formal notice of the meeting was given in the Septem- ber newsletter and PMS Website. The next member Officers Reports – The following Officers’ reports were meeting will be Thursday, 11/10/16 at 7:00 pm made on the function of the club: Call to Order and Introduction Karenne Snow – Annual Show and Field Trip Chairper- Deb Craig, President called the meeting to Order: 7:40 son PM Show: Circulated a color chart for T-shirts for show Officers Reports – The following Officers’ reports were volunteers. The members chose 3 colors. Sapphire made on the function of the club: blue, Cherry and Kiwi. Show chair will make the final Deb Craig, President determination. Welcomed all and one new member Field Trips: Made announcement regarding club dues  Friday, 11/18/16, Calvert Cliffs, MD lead by John Encouraged members to participate in our educational Schmidhauser. John spoke on what to expect to efforts with Schuylkill center find & appropriate apparel for wet collecting. He Mentioned upcoming shows; see newsletter for list also brought a fine display of shark teeth he has Announced Holiday Party; Sunday, 12/11/16, 5-9 pm collected over the years at this site. at the Great American Pub on Fayette St., Conshohock-  Academy of Natural Sciences - exhibit “Treasures en. Cost $40 per person. Payments can be made to from the Mineral Vault” begins 11/5/16 Opening John at the meeting or by mail. November 5th. Field trip to Easton, PA: If you plan to participate, call  Yale University – Chris suggested possible trip to Karenne to confirm. Yale’s Peabody Museum of Natural History to view Tonight’s Program: their mineral & fossil exhibits Speaker: Lee McIlvaine Tonight’s Program Topic: Collecting UV Minerals in Greenland, lll Speaker: Dr. Wayne Geller Member Show & Tell Topic: “Using Newer Techniques in Search of Samuel Karen Stauffer shared collecting at Neshaminy Creek G. Gordon’s PA Footprints” for blue quartz and brought specimens from her trip. Contact Dr. Geller for info at [email protected] Adjournment Adjournment There being no further business, the meeting was ad- There being no further business, the meeting was ad- journed at 9:05 p.m. journed at 9:20 p.m.

GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING The Philadelphia Mineralogical Society, a Pennsylvania Treasures From the Mineral Vault Nonprofit Corporation held a general membership meeting on Thursday, November 10, 2016 at Cathedral The Academy of Natural Scienc- Village, Philadelphia, PA. A total of 28 members were es has got a lot of stuff. Sometimes, present. it’s a long wait to see some of it. Meeting Notice This yearlong exhibit, opening Sat- Formal notice of the meeting was given in the October urday, draws on the thousands of newsletter and PMS Website specimens dating to the earliest There will a Holiday Party on 12/11/16, instead of the days of the institution in 1812, and December Member Meeting. some items haven’t been put on The next member meeting will be Thursday, 1/12/17 public display in decades. While being dazzled by four at 7:00 pm. large cases featuring different varieties of quartz, cal- Call to Order and Introduction cite, fluorite, and feldspar, visitors can learn why some Deb Craig, President - called the meeting to order: minerals are shaped like cubes and others like prisms, 7:40 PM why some sparkle and others come in varied colors, Called for approval of minutes of previous meeting and most important: the difference between a rock and Nancy read the minutes from meeting held 10/13/16. a mineral. Deb called for a show of hands to approve minutes. 28 Through November 2017, Academy of Natural Sci- yeas, 0 nays. So moved ences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, 215-299- Date of Calvert Cliffs field trip is Friday, 11/18/2016 1000, ansp.org . Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News: December, 2016 Page 5 Safety Matters The Trouble With Research Consider checking out electrical circuits and chords. Re- by Ellery Borow, Chair pair or replace as needed. All cords should be Underwriters Laboratory (UL) rated and exterior cords should be water- proof. Be safe and try to keep from leaving decorative lights on when one is away from home. Ornamentation should be I have a bone to pick with research. fireproof and kept away from small children and pets. Care- Take coffee and caffeine for example. At one time re- fully monitor the use of candles and keep them away from search seemed to indicate it was bad for us. Later, addi- combustible materials. tional research indicated it may be good for us (or at There are dozens and dozens of additional safety consid- least not quite as bad as previously thought.). Now I'm erations to mind during this busy season of holidays. This hearing that it is once again bad for us (or bad in some gist of this article is however, to get one thinking safety. instances). Well, what is one supposed to do? Sure, have a lot of fun this time of year, but be safe in the Research has for quite some time indicated that, process. Great, accident free holidays give one more time to during our long season of holidays around this time of enjoy the things we like to do best - such as lapidary work, year, there are more accidents in one's home, more and planning digs and field trips, and trimming specimens, health related issues, more traffic accidents, and so on. and enjoying shows, and collecting fossils, and... There is an old joke about the fact that most traffic ac- Please be safe and keep your family and friends safe. cidents happen within a few miles from home. As the You don't really have to move several miles away to be safe. joke goes, the solution to the traffic accident problem is Have a great and safe season of holidays. to simply move several miles away. Anyway, research once indicated this time of year was more problematic Reprinted with permission from A.F.M.S Vol. 68 No. 2. for accidents, not it seems to indicate that such is not December, 2014 January, 2015. the case. What is one to believe? No matter what research indicates, I'm a firm believ- er in, no matter what, if any, holidays one celebrates Having Fun: Junior Activities this time of year, it behooves one to stop, think, and act to insure ones safety. by Jim Brace -Thompson, Jrs. Program Chair

It is perhaps a good idea this time of year, especially with many folks planning more family related activities, to perform some safety checks around the home. Con- Children Need Not Apply?? sider changing the batteries in those smoke or carbon dioxide detectors; have fireplaces, furnaces, chimneys, Within the past few weeks, I’ve had three experiences heat pumps, and wood stoves serviced; have your vehi- that can only be characterized as disturbing for anyone cle checked for the upcoming winter driving season; with an interest in mentoring kids and encouraging them establish and practice a family evacuation plan in case in our hobby. The first was reading a club bulletin publi- of emergency. cizing an upcoming field trip and extolling all the great With food playing a big part in many festivities this stuff that would be found—only to conclude with the time of year, consider making sure foods are thawed, notice: “no children allowed.” The second was a trip to washed, prepared and cooked per instructions on the an honest-to-goodness mom-and-pop rock shop while package. Don't leave cooking food unattended. Quick- visiting relatives in another state. Emblazoned on the ly refrigerate leftovers. Use designated drivers when door was a notice that absolutely no kids under 8 were advisable. And, for the smokers among us, ensure all allowed inside, and even kids 8 to 16 had to be accompa- smoking materials are completely extinguished and nied by an adult. The store turned out to be closed that check for embers in furniture and trash containers. day so I couldn’t learn the reason behind these re- Trimming a tree or putting up decorations? There strictions, but it wouldn’t have mattered had they been are a great many one, two or three step stools out open. My wife Nancy said that with a sign like that, she there that offer no hand hold protection. Consider a wouldn’t have gone in even if they were offering a fire step stool that offers grab bars for balance. We are not sale at 90% off. Finally, in a newsletter article announcing all well trained and graceful ballet dancers. In my case, an upcoming club trip, the notice was made, think graceful as a baby elephant seal, waddling across “Unattended children will be sold as slaves.” This last example was, no doubt, tongue-in-cheek to underscore the a beach - not a pretty sight believe me. (Continued on page 6) Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News: December, 2016 Page 6

At the Franklin Institute (Continued from page 5) need for parental supervision, but still, even if in jest, it Jurassic World: The Exhibition exudes an attitude toward and about kids that is less than welcoming. In the past, I’ve heard of clubs that Now Open Through April 23, 2017 Get closer to dinosaurs than didn’t want to use our AFMS/FRA Badge Program be- ever before in Jurassic World: The Exhibition! Based on one of the cause they didn’t want kids mucking about in the club biggest blockbusters in cinema history, the Exhibition immerses workshop or underfoot at club meetings. audiences of all ages in scenes inspired by the beloved film. Now, I don’t know if this can be characterized as a trend, the park that was only a promise comes to life…right before your but spotting three examples in under two months has eyes. made it especially noticeable. The fabled Golden Age of Travel to Isla Nublar as a VIP guest and explore Jurassic World. rockhounding is long gone, and we might be said to Stare in wonder at a towering Brachiosaurus; come face-to-face have regressed to a Bronze or even an Iron Age. Our with a Velociraptor; and get a rare up-close look at the most vi- privilege to collect on public (and even private) lands is cious dinosaur of them all, Tyrannosaurus rex. under constant assault and restriction, interest in joining social groups (in-person as opposed to on-line) is Created in close collaboration with renowned paleontologist dwindling, it proves harder and harder to recruit new Jack Horner, the Exhibition is infused with interactive educational members and officers to lead us, and into this environ- elements—drawn from the real-world science of dinosaur DNA ment, folks are actively dissuading interest by the up- that allowed Jurassic World to come to life. Visitors of all ages can and-coming generation? What’s wrong with this pic- now learn all about these incredible prehistoric creatures. ture? Before I was even in school, I’d be out on my belly picking fossils from our driveway gravel. My parents said it was a wonder they never drove me over. Given my personality, some (including Nancy) might have paid them to do so, but far from it, they encouraged my interest, signing me up for field trips sponsored by the Illinois Geological Survey, taking me to my first rock show, and more. In 4H, when I saw there were no units on rocks, our leader signed me up for their “Do Your Own Thing” program, which I turned into a fossil unit, crafting a booklet about fossils to go along with my small collection and getting my first blue ribbon ata County Fair. In church, our preacher engaged me in a discussion about how, viewed metaphorically rather than literally, the Seven Days of Creation could be seen as an early version of the Geological Time Scale. And in school, a teacher allowed me to do my research project on what killed the dinosaurs rather than on Chaucer like everyone else. (My conclusion: little green men from Mars. Even then, I wasn’t a very good research- er….) In short, at numerous junctures and in numerous contexts, people took an interest in my interest and encouraged me along. And these weren’t even rock people. Shame on us if we can’t take such an interest in a like-minded soul just starting out in the hobby we love and just trying to have fun! Reprinted with permission from A.F.M.S Vol. 68 No. 2. December, 2014 January, 2015.

Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News: December, 2016 Page 7

At the Franklin Institute Upcoming Events Jurassic World: The Exhibition December 11: 41st Annual Micromount Symposium sponsored by the Leidy Micromount Society. Northminster Presbyteri- 8: No PMS General Meeting an Church, 140 Trenton Rd; Fairless Hills, PA. 10: Timonium Gem, Mineral, & Fossil Show – Holi- Now Open Through April 23, 2017 Get closer to dinosaurs than day Inn Timonium: Timonium, Maryland ONE DAY ONLY 18-19: 53rd Annual GLMS/MC Gem, Mineral and Fos- ever before in Jurassic World: The Exhibition! Based on one of the Saturday, 10am-4pm sil Show sponsored by the Gem, Lapidary & Mineral Socie- biggest blockbusters in cinema history, the Exhibition immerses ty of Montgomery Co. MD. Montgomery Co. Fairgrounds, audiences of all ages in scenes inspired by the beloved film. Now, 11: PMS Holiday Party at the Great American Pub, 16 Chestnut St; Gaithersburg, MD. the park that was only a promise comes to life…right before your Conshohocken, PA 24-26: Annual Catawba Valley Gem & Mineral Show eyes. January sponsored by the Catawba Valley Gem & Mineral Club. Travel to Isla Nublar as a VIP guest and explore Jurassic World. 12: PMS General Meeting, Cathedral Village 7pm. A Hickory Metro Convention Center, 1960 13th Ave Dr SE; Stare in wonder at a towering Brachiosaurus; come face-to-face highly rated video, Dr. Robert Bowell, “Tsumeb: A Min- Hickory, NC 28602. with a Velociraptor; and get a rare up-close look at the most vi- eralogical Paradise!” 25-26: Philadelphia Mineral Treasures And Fossil Fair cious dinosaur of them all, Tyrannosaurus rex. 21: PMS Swap and Sell at Cathedral Village 9am - Show, LuLu Temple: 5140 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, Created in close collaboration with renowned paleontologist 2pm. See information below PA 19462. March 25, 10:00 am– 5:00 pm, March 26, 10:00 Jack Horner, the Exhibition is infused with interactive educational February am – 4:00 pm Sponsored by the Philadelphia Mineralogical elements—drawn from the real-world science of dinosaur DNA Society and the Delaware Valley Paleontological Society. 9: PMS General Meeting The uses and misuses of that allowed Jurassic World to come to life. Visitors of all ages can Admission - Adults $5.00 – Kids under 12, $1.00. Uni- MINDAT.ORG as a mineral tool.” Doug K and John R. now learn all about these incredible prehistoric creatures. formed Scouts Free. will demonstrate this tool live using Cathedral Village’s internet connection. Commentary from Karenne Snow. 25-26: 48th Annual Rock & Mineral Club Show sponsored by the Che-Hanna Rock & Mineral Club. NEW LOCA- March TION: Wysox Volunteer Fire Co. Social Hall, 111 Lake Rd., 4 – 5: 54th Annual Earth Science Gem & Mineral Wysox, PA Show sponsored by the Delaware Mineralogical Socie- 25-26: CVMC 2017 Show sponsored by the Connecti- ty. NEWLOCATION: University of Delaware, Wilmington cutValley Mineral Club. Hadley Farms Meeting House, Rt. Campus, 2800 Penn Ave (Rt. 52), Wilmington, DE 9, 41 Russell St; Hadley, MA. May 3rd Annual PHILADELPHIA INTERCLUB 13: Annual Earth Science Show & Sale sponsored by MINERAL AND FOSSIL the Rock & Mineral Club of Lower Bucks Co. PA. Christ SWAP AND SELL United Methodist Church, 501 Wistar Rd; Fairless Hills, PA. Presented by The Philadelphia Mineralogical Society

Date: January 21, 2017 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Place: Cathedral Village, 600 E. Cathedral Road, Philadelphia, PA 19128 FREE ADMISSION TO THE PUBLIC To swap or sell, you must be a member of a local mineral club and reserve your table by January 7, 2017. Contact John Rateike for details and reservations email [email protected] Phone 215-576-0741 Dealers/Swappers may set up at 8:00 a.m. One table limit; $10/table; $15/table for walk-ins. Mail a check payable to: Philadelphia Mineralogical Society (PMS) and send to: John Rateike, 337 Cricket Avenue, Glen- side, PA 19038

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Email ______Philadelphia Mineralogical Society News Scott L. Peters, Esq. 1432 Sunny Hill Lane Havertown, PA 19083-2922

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LOOSE HEADS

Flying off the handle is never good, particularly if it's a hammer head. The traditional way to tighten a loose hammer head is a bit of work with wedges, but if the head is basically secure, there's a fast and easy way to tighten a loose head for about 50 cents - superglue. Simply put a couple drops in from the handle side, let it set up, and then a few drops from the top side. Be sure to get the thin super glue, not gel. It penetrates better. Packages of two superglues are usually available at the 99 cent store. Note that this is only a safe practice if the hammer head is just a little loose but is basically secured onto the handle. Glu- ing is not a fix for a hammer head that has come off the handle or is at risk of coming off.

AVOIDING SOLDER LINES

After finishing a soldered joint on say a bezel, have you ever seen it reappear after you've soldered the bezel to a base plate? What's happening is that every time you heat a soldered piece to the temperature where solder flows, the liquid solder seeps a little more into the surrounding metal. This leaves a small furrow where the solder had been sanded off flush at the joint. To get rid of the furrow, you have to re-sand the joint area down to the bottom of the furrow. To avoid this when I have another soldering operation to follow, I try to leave a little extra solder on my joints. For instance, when trimming off excess base plate from around a bezel, I leave a paper thickness of excess plate material whenever possible until I'm done with all soldering. Of course, this isn't always possible as when a soldering operation will prevent you from gain- ing access to an area for final sanding and polishing. Coating the finished solder joint with ochre seems to help a bit but is not a complete solution.

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