The Virger – Autumn 2018
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English Monks Suppression of the Monasteries
ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES by GEOFFREY BAS KER VILLE M.A. (I) JONA THAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON FIRST PUBLISHED I937 JONATHAN CAPE LTD. JO BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON AND 91 WELLINGTON STREET WEST, TORONTO PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE CITY OF OXFORD AT THE ALDEN PRESS PAPER MADE BY JOHN DICKINSON & CO. LTD. BOUND BY A. W. BAIN & CO. LTD. CONTENTS PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 9 I MONASTIC DUTIES AND ACTIVITIES I 9 II LAY INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 45 III ECCLESIASTICAL INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 72 IV PRECEDENTS FOR SUPPRESSION I 308- I 534 96 V THE ROYAL VISITATION OF THE MONASTERIES 1535 120 VI SUPPRESSION OF THE SMALLER MONASTERIES AND THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536-1537 144 VII FROM THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE TO THE FINAL SUPPRESSION 153 7- I 540 169 VIII NUNS 205 IX THE FRIARS 2 2 7 X THE FATE OF THE DISPOSSESSED RELIGIOUS 246 EPILOGUE 273 APPENDIX 293 INDEX 301 5 PREFACE THE four hundredth anniversary of the suppression of the English monasteries would seem a fit occasion on which to attempt a summary of the latest views on a thorny subject. This book cannot be expected to please everybody, and it makes no attempt to conciliate those who prefer sentiment to truth, or who allow their reading of historical events to be distorted by present-day controversies, whether ecclesiastical or political. In that respect it tries to live up to the dictum of Samuel Butler that 'he excels most who hits the golden mean most exactly in the middle'. -
Medieval Cartularies of Great Britain: Amendments and Additions to the Dams Catalogue
MEDIEVAL CARTULARIES OF GREAT BRITAIN: AMENDMENTS AND ADDITIONS TO THE DAMS CATALOGUE Introduction Dr God+ Davis' Medieval Cartulari4s of Great Britain: a Short Catalogue (Longmans, 1958) has proved to be an invaluable resource for medieval historians. However, it is nearly forty years since its publication, and inevitably it is no longer completely up-to-date. Since 1958 a number of cartularies have been published, either as full editions or in calendar form. Others have been moved to different repositories. Some of those cartularies which Davis described as lost have fortunately since been rediscovered, and a very few new ones have come to light since the publication of the original catalogue. This short list seeks to remedy some of these problems, providing a list of these changes. The distinction drawn in Davis between ecclesiastical and secular cartularies has been preserved and where possible Davis' order has also been kept. Each cartulary's reference number in Davis, where this exists, is also given. Those other monastic books which Davis describes as too numerous to include have not been mentioned, unless they had already appeared in the original catalogue. Where no cartulary exists, collections of charters of a monastic house edited after 1958 have been included. There will, of course, be developments of which I am unaware, and I would be most grateful for any additional information which could be made known in a subsequent issue of this Bulletin. For a current project relating to Scottish cartularies see Monastic Research Bulletin 1 (1995), p. 11. Much of the information here has been gathered hmpublished and typescript library and repository catalogues. -
Winchester Stone by Dr John Parker (PDF)
Winchester Stone by John Parker ©2016 Dr John Parker studied geology at Birmingham and Cambridge universities. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London. For over 30 years he worked as an exploration geologist for Shell around the world. He has lived in Winchester since 1987. On retirement he trained to be a Cathedral guide. The Building of Winchester Cathedral – model in the Musée de la Tapisserie, Bayeux 1 Contents Introduction page 3 Geological background 5 Summary of the stratigraphic succession 8 Building in Winchester Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods 11 Early medieval period (1066-1350) 12 Later medieval period (1350-1525) 18 16th to 18th century 23 19th to 21st century 24 Principal stone types 28 Chalk, clunch and flint 29 Oolite 30 Quarr 31 Caen 33 Purbeck 34 Beer 35 Upper Greensand 36 Portland 38 Other stones 40 Weldon 40 Chilmark 41 Doulting 41 French limestones 42 Coade Stone 42 Decorative stones, paving and monuments 43 Tournai Marble 43 Ledger stones and paving 44 Alabaster 45 Jerusalem stone 45 Choice of stone 46 Quarries 47 A personal postscript 48 Bibliography and References 50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Photographs and diagrams are by the author, unless otherwise indicated 2 Introduction Winchester lies in an area virtually devoid of building stone. The city is on the southern edge of the South Downs, a pronounced upland area extending from Salisbury Plain in the west to Beachy Head in the east (Figs. 1 & 2). The bedrock of the Downs is the Upper Cretaceous Chalk (Fig. 3), a soft friable limestone unsuited for major building work, despite forming impressive cliffs along the Sussex coast to the east of Brighton. -
Katharine Esdaile Papers: Finding Aid
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8x63sn4 No online items Katharine Esdaile Papers: Finding Aid Finding aid prepared by John Houlton, Marilyn Olsen, Catherine Wehrey, and Diann Benti. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2191 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org © November 2016 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Katharine Esdaile Papers: Finding mssEsdaile 1 Aid Overview of the Collection Title: Katharine Esdaile Papers Dates (inclusive): 1845-1961 Bulk dates: 1900-1950 Collection Number: mssEsdaile Collector: Esdaile, Katharine Ada, 1881-1950 Extent: 101 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org Abstract: This collection contains the papers of English art historian Katharine Ada Esdaile (1881-1950). Much of the collection relates to her research of British monumental sculpture. Notably the collection includes more than 600 chiefly pre-World War II visitor booklets and pamphlets produced locally by British churches and approximately 3500 photographs taken or collected by Esdaile of sculpture, often funerary monuments in English churches. Language: English. Access Open to qualified researchers by prior application through the Reader Services Department. For more information, contact Reader Services. Publication Rights The Huntington Library does not require that researchers request permission to quote from or publish images of this material, nor does it charge fees for such activities. The responsibility for identifying the copyright holder, if there is one, and obtaining necessary permissions rests with the researcher. -
The Heads of Religious Houses England and Wales –
Cambridge University Press 0521802717 - The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales, 1216-1377 Edited by Professor David M. Smith and Vera C. M. London Frontmatter More information The Heads of Religious Houses England and Wales – This book is the long-awaited continuation of The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales –, edited by David Knowles, C. N. L. Brooke, and Vera London, which itself is now reissued with substantial addenda by Professor Brooke. This present volume continues the lists from to . In this period further record sources have been provided by episcopal registers, governmental enrol- ments, court records, and so on. Full references are given for establishing the dates and outline of the career of each abbot or prior, abbess or prioress, when known, although the information varies considerably from the richly documented lists of the great Benedictine houses to the small cells where perhaps only a single name or date may be recorded in a chance archival survival. The lists are arranged by order: the Benedictine houses (independent, depen- dencies, and alien priories); the Cluniacs; the Grandmontines; the Cistercians; the Carthusians; the Augustinian canons; the Premonstratensians; the Gilbertine order; the Trinitarian houses; the Bonhommes; and the nuns. An introduction dis- cusses the nature, use, and history of the lists and examines critically the sources on which they are based. . is Professor and Director of the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, University of York. . is co-editor, with David Knowles and Christopher Brooke, of The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales – (). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521802717 - The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales, 1216-1377 Edited by Professor David M. -
Site (Alphabetically)
Sites which are free to visit for corporate members Site (alphabetically) County 1066 Battle of Hastings, Abbey and Battlefield East Sussex Abbotsbury Abbey Remains Dorset Acton Burnell Castle Shropshire Aldborough Roman Site North Yorkshire Alexander Keiller Museum Wiltshire Ambleside Roman Fort Cumbria Apsley House London Arthur's Stone Herefordshire Ashby de la Zouch Castle Leicestershire Auckland Castle Deer House Durham Audley End House and Gardens Essex Avebury Wiltshire Aydon Castle Northumberland Baconsthorpe Castle Norfolk Ballowall Barrow Cornwall Banks East Turret Cumbria Bant's Carn Burial Chamber and Halangy Isles of Scilly Barnard Castle Durham Bayard's Cove Fort Devon Bayham Old Abbey Kent Beeston Castle Cheshire Belas Knap Long Barrow Gloucestershire Belsay Hall, Castle and Gardens Northumberland Benwell Roman Temple and Vallum Crossing Tyne and Wear Berkhamsted Castle Hertfordshire Berney Arms Windmill Hertfordshire Berry Pomeroy Castle Devon Berwick-upon-Tweed Castle, Barracks and Main Guard Northumberland Binham Market Cross Norfolk Binham Priory Norfolk Birdoswald Roman Fort Cumbria Bishop Waltham Palace Hampshire Black Carts Turret Northumberland Black Middens Bastle House Northumberland Blackbury Camp Devon Blakeney Guildhall Norfolk Bolingbroke Castle Lincolnshire Bolsover Castle Derbyshire Bolsover Cundy House Derbyshire Boscobel House and The Royal Oak Shropshire Bow Bridge Cumbria Bowes Castle Durham Boxgrove Priory West Sussex Bradford-on-Avon Tithe Barn Wiltshire Bramber Castle West Sussex Bratton Camp and -
Site (Alphabetically)
Sites which are FREE TO VISIT for Corporate Members Opening times vary, pre-booking may be required, please check English Heritage website for details. Site (alphabetically) County 1066 Battle of Hastings, Abbey and Battlefield East Sussex Abbotsbury Abbey Remains Dorset Acton Burnell Castle Shropshire Aldborough Roman Site North Yorkshire Alexander Keiller Museum Wiltshire Ambleside Roman Fort Cumbria Appuldurcombe House Isle of Wight Apsley House London Arthur's Stone Herefordshire Ashby de la Zouch Castle Leicestershire Auckland Castle Deer House Durham Audley End House and Gardens Essex Avebury Wiltshire Aydon Castle Northumberland Baconsthorpe Castle Norfolk Ballowall Barrow Cornwall Banks East Turret Cumbria Bant's Carn Burial Chamber and Halangy Isles of Scilly Barnard Castle Durham d's Cove Fort Devon Bayham Old Abbey Kent Beeston Castle Cheshire Belas Knap Long Barrow Gloucestershire Belsay Hall, Castle and Gardens Northumberland Benwell Roman Temple and Vallum Crossing Tyne and Wear Berkhamsted Castle Hertfordshire Berney Arms Windmill Hertfordshire Berry Pomeroy Castle Devon Berwick-upon-Tweed Castle, Barracks and Main Guard Northumberland Binham Market Cross Norfolk Binham Priory Norfolk Birdoswald Roman Fort Cumbria Bishop Waltham Palace Hampshire Black Carts Turret Northumberland Black Middens Bastle House Northumberland Blackbury Camp Devon Blackfriars, Gloucester Gloucestershire Blakeney Guildhall Norfolk Bolingbroke Castle Lincolnshire Bolsover Castle Derbyshire Bolsover Cundy House Derbyshire 1 Boscobel House and The -
WAS Library May 2018
WAS No. Author Published by Year 1 About books . Berkeley M W.A.S. 1903 4 Reproductions from illustrated Manuscripts Brit Mus 1910 5 Les Religions de la prehistoire, l'age paleolithique Mainage Th Paris 1921 6 Ancient Biblical Chronograms . Black WH Chrono Inst 1865 7 Les Legendes haliographiques Delehaye H Soc des Bollandistes 1927 8 Les Origines de Culte des Martyrs Delehaye H Soc des Bollandistes 1912 9 Les Passions des Martyrs et les Genres Litteraires Delehaye H Soc des Bollandistes 1921 10 English Church Fittings, Furniture and Accessories Cox JC Batsford 1923 11 a Christian Iconography or the history of Christan Art Vol. 1 Didron AN Geo Bell 1886 11 b Christian Iconography or the history of Christan Art Vol. 2 Didron AN Geo Bell 1891 Ecclesiology; a collection of the chief contents of the Gentleman's 12 Gomme GL (ed) Elliot Stock 1894 Magazine 1731 - 1868 13 English Liturgical Colours Hope W & Atchley E S P C K 1918 14 Ecclesiastical Art in Germany during the Middle Ages Lubke W Thos C Jack 1877 15 Origins of Christian Church Art Strzygowski J Clarendon Press 1923 Essai sur le symbolisme de la cloche dans ses rapports et ses 16 Anon Henri Oudin 1859 harmonies avec la religion. Sketches of Continental Ecclesiology or church notes in Belgium 17 Webb B Joseph Masters 1848 Germany & Italy 18 Is Symbolism suited to the Spirit of the Age ? White W Thomas Bosworth 1854 20 Monumental Brasses of Warwickshire Badger EW Cornish Bros 1895 21 Gravestones in Midland churchyards Blake J E H Birmingham Arch Soc 1925-26 Companion to the principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture 22 Bloxam M H Geo Bell 1882 23 Roodscreens & Rood lofts. -
Site (Alphabetically)
Sites which are free to visit for corporate members Site (alphabetically) County 1066 Battle of Hastings, Abbey and Battlefield East Sussex Abbotsbury Abbey Remains Dorset Acton Burnell Castle Shropshire Aldborough Roman Site North Yorkshire Alexander Keiller Museum Wiltshire Ambleside Roman Fort Cumbria Apsley House London Arthur's Stone Herefordshire Ashby de la Zouch Castle Leicestershire Auckland Castle Deer House Durham Audley End House and Gardens Essex Avebury Wiltshire Aydon Castle Northumberland Baconsthorpe Castle Norfolk Ballowall Barrow Cornwall Banks East Turret Cumbria Bant's Carn Burial Chamber and Halangy Isles of Scilly Barnard Castle Durham Bayard's Cove Fort Devon Bayham Old Abbey Kent Beeston Castle Cheshire Belas Knap Long Barrow Gloucestershire Belsay Hall, Castle and Gardens Northumberland Benwell Roman Temple and Vallum Crossing Tyne and Wear Berkhamsted Castle Hertfordshire Berney Arms Windmill Hertfordshire Berry Pomeroy Castle Devon Berwick-upon-Tweed Castle, Barracks and Main Guard Northumberland Binham Market Cross Norfolk Binham Priory Norfolk Birdoswald Roman Fort Cumbria Bishop Waltham Palace Hampshire Black Carts Turret Northumberland Black Middens Bastle House Northumberland Blackbury Camp Devon Blakeney Guildhall Norfolk Bolingbroke Castle Lincolnshire Bolsover Castle Derbyshire Bolsover Cundy House Derbyshire Boscobel House and The Royal Oak Shropshire Bow Bridge Cumbria Bowes Castle Durham Boxgrove Priory West Sussex Bradford-on-Avon Tithe Barn Wiltshire Bramber Castle West Sussex Bratton Camp and -
EH Sites by County.Xlsx
Sites which are FREE TO VISIT for Corporate Members Opening times vary, pre-booking may be required, please check English Heritage website for details. Site County (alphabetically) Bushmead Priory Bedfordshire De Grey Mausoleum Bedfordshire Houghton House Bedfordshire Wrest Park Bedfordshire Donnington Castle Berkshire Temple Church Bristol Duxford Chapel Cambridgeshire Isleham Priory Church Cambridgeshire Beeston Castle Cheshire Chester Roman Amphitheatre Cheshire Sandbach Crosses Cheshire Ballowall Barrow Cornwall Carn Euny Ancient Village Cornwall Chysauster Ancient Village Cornwall Dupath Well Cornwall Halliggye Fogou Cornwall Hurlers Stone Circles Cornwall King Doniert's Stone Cornwall Launceston Castle Cornwall Pendennis Castle Cornwall Penhallam Manor Cornwall Restormel Castle Cornwall St Breock Downs Monolith Cornwall St Catherine's Castle Cornwall St Mawes Castle Cornwall Tintagel Castle Cornwall Tregiffian Burial Chamber Cornwall Trethevy Quoit Cornwall Ambleside Roman Fort Cumbria Banks East Turret Cumbria Birdoswald Roman Fort Cumbria Bow Bridge Cumbria Brough Castle Cumbria Brougham Castle Cumbria Carlisle Castle Cumbria Castlerigg Stone Circle Cumbria Clifton Hall Cumbria Countess Pillar Cumbria Furness Abbey Cumbria Hardknott Roman Fort Cumbria Hare Hill Cumbria Harrows Scar Milecastle And Wall Cumbria King Arthur's Round Table Cumbria Lanercost Priory Cumbria Leahill Turret and Piper Sike Turret Cumbria Mayburgh Henge Cumbria Penrith Castle Cumbria Piel Castle Cumbria Pike Hill Signal Tower Cumbria Poltross Burn Milecastle -
List of Plates and Illustrations
LIST OF PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. VOL. I. PLATE PAGE [I.] Beacon badge of Belknap family . .1 (a) (b) (c) [II., III.] Plans, etc., of the Sanctuary at Westminster . .39 (a) (b), 43 (c) [IV.] Lesnes abbey, Kent, plan and elevation . .44 (o) (b), 49 (c) [V.] Plan of rock-chambers at Wetheral, Cumberland . 85 (a) (&), 95 (c) Supposed Arabic numerals on a stone found in Holborn . 149 (a) (6), 165 (c) [VI.] St. Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, view of the crypt . 151 (a) (b), 168 (c) [VII.] „ „ „ Plan of the same, and font . 151 (a) (6), 168 (c) [VIII.] „ „ „ South view of the church . 151 (a) (6), 168 (c) Greek inscription on an altar of Bacchus . 155 (a) (b), 173 (c) Runic or clog almanack ..... 168 (a), 183 (6), 202* (c) Plan of a Roman camp at Castleshaw, near Saddleworth, Yorks 215 (a), 216 (6), 236 (c) Plan of earthworks on Castle Hill, Almondbury, Yorks . 221 (a), 222 (&), 242 (c) Drawing and inscription on a rock at Shawk quarries, Rose Castle, Cumberland ..... 227 (a), 228 (6), 248 (c) [IX.] Stamped Roman brick from the Gaer, near Brecon; Roman monument or altar called Maen-y-Morinnion, near Brecon ; Celtic cross-shaft at Llandevailag, Brecknockshire . 294 (a) (6), 315 (c) [X.] Round tower at Ardmore, Ireland .... 305 (a), 307 (b), 329 (c) Roman altar found at Brough-on-Sands, Cumberland . 308 (a), 310 (6), 332 (c) [XI.] Greek inscription found in the isle of Tasso . 333 (a), 336 (b), 358 (c) [XII.] Charter of Odo, bishop of Bayeux .... 336 (a), 337 (6), 361 (c) VOL. -
The 1536 Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries: Same Suppression, Different Century
The 1536 Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries: Same Suppression, Different Century By Raminder K. Saini Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Honours Program in History University of British Columbia, Okanagan 2010 Faculty Supervisor: Dr. Ben Nilson, Department of History Author‘s Signature: _______________________ Date: _______________ Supervisor‘s Signature: _______________________ Date: _______________ Honours Chair‘s Signature: _______________________ Date: _______________ i © Raminder Kaur Saini 2010 ii Abstract A case study of the priories of Boxgrove, Folkestone and Horsham shows how the 1536 closures under Henry VIII were not vindictive and followed from precedent. His closures were neither more substantial than the suppression of the alien priories during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, nor significantly different from Wolsey‘s closures in the 1520s. During periods of war with France, monarchs from Edward I to Henry V confiscated alien priories and made use of their revenues, eventually suppressing all aliens by 1414. Wolsey too closed several monasteries, with permission from the Pope, and redirected their revenues towards funding colleges. Tied into these closures was an aspect of reform, which was the grounds for Henry VIII‘s closures. The priories under evaluation began as alien priories, escaped the suppression of aliens in 1414, and were dissolved in 1536. Henry‘s suppressions were less an attack on monasteries for financial benefits though, and more an exercise or continuation of previous suppression policies. Ultimately, the main difference between Henry‘s closures and those of previous ones was scale alone. iii Acknowledgements I would like to extend a special thank you to my advisor and mentor Dr.