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Armenian Presidential ELECTION Sept. 1996
104th CONGRESS Printed for the use of the 2nd Session Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Armenian Presidential election September 22, 1996 A Report Prepared by the Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (OSCE) The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki process, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. Since then, its membership has expanded to 55, reflecting the breakup of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. (The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, has been suspended since 1992, leaving the number of countries fully participating at 54.) As of January 1, 1995, the formal name of the Helsinki process was changed to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The OSCE is engaged in standard setting in fields including military security, economic and envi- ronmental cooperation, and human rights and humanitarian concerns. In addition, it undertakes a variety of preventive diplomacy initiatives designed to prevent, manage and resolve conflict within and among the participating States. The OSCE has its main office in Vienna, Austria, where weekly meetings of permanent represen- tatives are held. In addition, specialized seminars and meetings are convened in various locations and periodic consultations among Senior Officials, Ministers and Heads of State or Government are held. ABOUT THE COMMISSION (CSCE) The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the Helsinki Commission, is a U.S. -
QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY of the STATE of QATAR ______TABLE of CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1
CASE CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION AND TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND BAHRAIN (QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY OF THE STATE OF QATAR _____________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1. Qatar's Case and Structure of Qatar's Reply Section 2. Deficiencies in Bahrain's Written Pleadings Section 3. Bahrain's Continuing Violations of the Status Quo PART II - THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER II - THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF QATAR Section 1. The Overall Geographical Context Section 2. The Emergence of the Al-Thani as a Political Force in Qatar Section 3. Relations between the Al-Thani and Nasir bin Mubarak Section 4. The 1913 and 1914 Conventions Section 5. The 1916 Treaty Section 6. Al-Thani Authority throughout the Peninsula of Qatar was consolidated long before the 1930s Section 7. The Map Evidence CHAPTER III - THE EXTENT OF THE TERRITORY OF BAHRAIN Section 1. Bahrain from 1783 to 1868 Section 2. Bahrain after 1868 PART III - THE HAWAR ISLANDS AND OTHER TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS CHAPTER IV - THE HAWAR ISLANDS Section 1. Introduction: The Territorial Integrity of Qatar and Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 2. Proximity and Qatar's Title to the Hawar Islands Section 3. The Extensive Map Evidence supporting Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 4. The Lack of Evidence for Bahrain's Claim to have exercised Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands from the 18th Century to the Present Day Section 5. The Bahrain and Qatar Oil Concession Negotiations between 1925 and 1939 and the Events Leading to the Reversal of British Recognition of Hawar as part of Qatar Section 6. -
Senang in Jakarta Azië-Correspondent Step Vaessen
MEDIA Toen ze acht jaar geleden begon als correspondent in Jakarta, was het nog vrij rustig in haar werkgebied. Maar de conflicten, bomaanslagen en natuurrampen rijgen zich de laatste jaren aaneen. Journaalcorrespondent Step Vaessen (40): “Ondanks die onrust is het hier als thuis gaan voelen.” Senang in Jakarta Zelfs tegen middernacht is het boven op het dak Azië-correspondent Step Vaessen Zvan de Deutsche Bank in hartje Jakarta nog broeie- rig warm. Azië-correspondent Step Vaessen staat op een gevaarlijk wankele koffer om goed in beeld te komen voor de kijkers van het achtuurjournaal. Diep beneden haar raast het nog altijd drukke ver- keer van een van de snelst groeiende steden van de wereld. Het mozaïek van bewegende lichtjes vormt het levendige decor van het kruisgesprek dat ze gaat voeren met Sacha de Boer over de kwestie West-Papoea. Aan Vaessen de taak om in een paar minuten deze ingewikkelde ver-van-ons-bedshow Guntur Primagotama/IMAJI uit de doeken te doen. Er is slechts ruimte voor drie vragen en drie heldere antwoorden. foto’s De afgelopen dagen is ze druk doende geweest het onderwerp rond te krijgen. Een gesprek met de Indonesische minister van Buitenlandse Zaken heeft Stef Verhoeven ze al eerder deze week opgenomen omdat de minis- tekst ter vandaag in het buitenland zit, daarna volgde een 86 01 2006 01 2006 87 MEDIA oriënterend gesprek met vertegenwoordigers van de er de verwoestende aardbeving in Pakistan. Soms onafhankelijkheidsbeweging, een geïmproviseerde bel ik mijn moeder in Simpelveld als ik terug ben persconferentie en veelvuldig nachtelijk overleg van een reis. -
Republicans' Mexican-American Presidential Candidate: Mitt Romney?
Republicans’ Mexican-American Presidential Candidate: Mitt Romney? By Ted J. Chiappari and Angelo A. Paparelli* Four years ago, one of the challenges to President Barack Obama’s Constitutional eligibility for the presidency as a “natural born Citizen” was based on his ostensible dual citizenship at birth and the divided loyalties1 that can result from multiple citizenships. More recently, Mitt Romney’s Mexican heritage made it into the news because of Newt Gingrich’s claim that Romney was “anti- immigrant.”2 Reports of Mitt Romney’s eligibility for Mexican citizenship appeared around the same time.3 With the suspension of Rick Santorum’s presidential campaign and Newt Gingrich’s concession that Mitt Romney will probably be the Republican Party’s 2012 candidate, Romney and Obama are beginning in earnest to highlight their differences. Since both candidates are facing the potential liability of having a father born abroad (George Romney in Mexico and Barack Obama Sr. in Kenya) from whom eligibility for dual citizenship may flow, it is unlikely that either candidate will wish to highlight his opponent’s transnational ties. If they did, as unlikely as it may be, a brief reflection on the issue could result in a new appreciation of the intricacies of the U.S. citizenship laws. In the wake of the last presidential election, we explored the complexities of U.S. citizenship law in connection with the candidacies of both Senator John McCain – born in the Panama Canal Zone – and then President-Elect Obama.4 Given Mitt Romney’s birth in Detroit, no one is questioning that he is a “natural born Citizen” eligible to be President pursuant to Article II of the 1 Competing loyalties have long been a concern in policy and legal arguments against dual citizenship. -
Legal Status of the Virgin Islands Divorces
LEGAL STATUS OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS DIVORCES By VimN D. CALLoWAY, JR.* L Introduction In recent months it has become increasingly popular among United States citizens seeking divorces to forsake the time-honored trek to Reno, and head instead for the outlying territory of the Virgin Islands. This change in direction of the so called "divorce trade" is due to the comparative ease with which one can obtain a divorce decree and the attractions of the Islands. For those who can afford the trip, it is thought that two birds can be killed with one stone, so to speak: a divorce obtained and a restful vacation enjoyed. By provision of Congress, the Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands was set up to enact legislation applicable to the Virgin Islands as a whole,' the District Court of the Virgin Islands being given jurisdiction of all cases of divorce and annulment of mar- 2 riage. The current divorce law was enacted by the eighth Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands on December 18, 1944; approved December 29, 1944, by the acting Governor; and went into effect on January 28, 1945. The law gives as grounds3 for either party to obtain a legal separation, or to have their marriage contract dis- solved, at the plantiff's option, for: adultery, cruelty, impotency, desertion for one year, habitual drunkenness for one year, convic- 4 tion of a felony, insanity, and incompatibility of temperament. If the marriage was not celebrated in the district of the suit, before commencing action, the plaintiff must have been an inhabi- tant for a six-week period; such period being declared "Sufficient to give the court jurisdiction without regard to the place where the marriage was performed or the cause of action arose."'5 When the dissolution judgment has become final, and after the expiration of * 2nd year law student, Duke University; A.B. -
Losing Control: Freedom of the Press in Asia
Dedication In memory of Sander Thoenes, 7 November 1968 to 21 September 1999, and all other journalists who have died in pursuit of the truth. Sander, the Indonesia-based correspondent for the Financial Times of London was murdered because he was a journalist while on assignment in East Timor. Losing CONTROL Freedom of the Press in Asia • Louise Williams and Roland Rich (editors) G Australian ~ National ~ University E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Losing control : freedom of the press in Asia / edited by Louise Williams and Roland Rich. ISBN: 9781925021431 (paperback) 9781925021448 (ebook) Subjects: Freedom of the press--Asia. Government and the press--Asia. Journalism--Asia. Online journalism--Asia Other Authors/Contributors: Williams, Louise, 1961- editor. Rich, Roland Y., editor. Dewey Number: 323.445095 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed by Griffin Press First published by Asia Pacific Press, 2000. This edition © 2013 ANU E Press Losing I CONTENTS Contributors VII Preface Press freedom in Asia: an uneven terrain -Amanda Doronila XI Censors At work, censors out of work- Louise Williams 1 Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, laos, Mongolia A few rays of light- Roland Rich 16 China State power versus the Internet- Willy Wo-Lap Lam 37 Hong Kong A handover of freedom?- Chris Yeung 58 Indonesia Dancing in the dark- Andreas Harsono 7 4 Japan The warmth of the herd- Walter Hamilton 93 Malaysia In the grip of the government- Kean Wong 115 North Korea A black chapter- Krzysztof Darewicz 138 Philippines Free as a mocking bird- Sheila S. -
The US Federal Framework and American Samoa
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BOTHELL Constitutional Ambiguity as Policy: The U.S. Federal Framework and American Samoa Kerry L Francis 6/9/2014 A Capstone project presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Policy Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, UWB. Acknowledgements I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to Professor Camille Walsh for her helpful guidance and indispensable insight in the writing of this paper; and to Professor Johanna Crane, whose comments greatly factored in the paper’s final outcome. Also, I must acknowledge Professors Alan Wood, Bruce Kochis, Daniel Goldhaber, Daniel Jacoby, Keith Nitta, Nives Dolšak, and Shauna Carlisle, whose instruction imparted in me in each their own way, something beyond the learning of the course and program curriculum in the classroom. And finally—to Jennifer—whose steady encouragement, counsel and friendship since those sunny years in high school, bumped and pushed me along to this moment. i For Noah. ii Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter I – the Policy Problem…………………………………………………………………….2 Chapter II – Literature Review……………………………………………………………….........9 Chapter III – Methodology……………………………………………………………………….21 Discussion of Methods…………………………………………………………………...23 Chapter IV – Results and Discussion..............................................................................................26 South Pacific Preludes……………………………………………………………………31 The Deeds of Cession and the Early Phase of -
Congressional Record-Senate. March 31
, 3550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 31, amending the interstate-commerce law-to the Committee on In- PETITIONS AND ME.MORIA.LS, terstate and Foreign Commerce. - · l\Ir.,HANSBROUGH. I presentresolutions adopted a.ta. meet Also, resolution of the San Diego (Cal.) Chamber of Commerce, ing of citizens of South Minnewaukon Township, in the county for the passage of House bill No. 7097, providing for a reorganfaa of Ramsey, N. Dak., declaring in favor og the Boers in South- ~ tion of the consular service-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Africa, against a tariff as to Puerto Rico, against the ship-subsidy By Mr. NORTON of Ohio: Petition of E. B. Hubbard and other bill, and against the war in the Philippines. I ask that the reso druggists of Tiffin, Ohio, for the repeal of the stamp tax on medi lutions, which can not be sent to any particnlar committee, be cines, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. printed in th~ RECORD . • Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 7798, for the relief of There being no objection, the resolutions were ordered to lie on Dentpn Whipf?-to the Co~mittee on Military Affairs. the table and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Also, resolution of the Ohio Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents urging the passage of House bill No. 6252, relating to the SOUTH MrnNEWAUK.AN TOWNSHIP, N. DAK., March 19, 1900. collection of tax on fire-insurance policies-to the Committee on To the Senators and Rep1·esentative of North Dakota in Congress: Tile residents of Sou th Minnewaukan Township in mass meeting assembled. -
Realpolitik and Resistance - the Birth Pangs of Timor Loro Sa’E
Lund University Master’s Thesis Department of Sociology May 2001 Master’s Programme in East and Supervisor: Gudmund Jannisa Southeast Asian Studies Realpolitik and Resistance - The Birth Pangs of Timor Loro Sa’e - “Peace? Why would we want peace? If the vote is for independence we’ll just kill; kill everybody” Filomeno Orai, Leader of the FPDK ( pro-Jakarta) militia, East Timor, September 1999. Joel Andersson 1 Lund University Master Programme of East and Southeast Asian Studies Masters Thesis Department of Sociology Autumn 2000 Supervisor: Gudmund Jannisa, Kristianstad University Realpolitik and Resistance- The Birth Pangs of Timor Loro Sa’e by Joel Andersson Abstract During the turbulent times surrounding the independence of East Timor the writer of this thesis was working in Jakarta with the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees. It was in this position the writer got the idea to study the transformation of East Timor from an occupied territory within the Republic of Indonesia to an independent state, and what the main reasons were for this change to take place. The thesis starts off by explaining East Timor’s historic setting. The thesis continues by looking into the actions and policies of the big political actors such as United States of America, Australian and the UN. This is followed by a close look on the role of the East Timorese people in general and some of the leaders such as Xanana Gusmao and Jose Ramos Horta in particular. When examining the relationship between the international communities, the independence movement and its leaders the writer uses theories developed by Ron Eyerman and Andrew Jamison in their study “Social Movements – a Cognitive Approach”. -
A Hand-Book on the Annexation of Hawaii
A HAND-BOOK ....ON THE.... ANNEXATION OF HAWAII BY "" LORRIN A. THURS|TjQK nWvF; If;IMJ • 1. Shall Hawaii Be Annexed? . / . 1 ' 2. Arguments in Favor of Annexation i . 3 3. A Brief Description of Hawaii, its People, Govern- ment, Laws, Commerce, Finances, Educational System and Resources . .20 4. Twenty Objections to Annexation and Replies . thereto . .27 5. A Digest of the Official Opinions of American Presidents, Secretaries of State, Ministers, and Military and Naval Officers concerning the Annexation or Control of Hawaii . -47 6. President Harrison’s Message to the Senate Ad- . vocating Annexation . -49 7. President McKinley’s Message to the Senate Ad- vocating Annexation . -50 8. Report of Secretary Sherman to President McKinley Advocating Annexation . -59 9. A Digest of the Acts of Congress and of Hawaii concerning American Control or Annexation of Hawaii .........74 10. Text of the Hawaiian Annexation Treaties of 1854, 1893, and 1897; and of the Reciprocity and - Pearl Harbor Treaties of 1875 and 1887 . -77 be no near to and passing as States. and a there Station. numbered to failed, the Fernandez, coast United Supply coal the between only and Juan to which the connecting and American there, islands is water, belongs line the Hawaii wood, Callao, near station small black so Honolulu, the which near are naval of heavyfurnish of a within and any the can on, west on Pacific by Gallapagos, miles establish or the which to of spot depended 1867there Hawaii. in portion is be surrounded one it. thousanda the spacebut spot of madeavailable is part Island, now the that cannot a was 1. -
751-100-055, Issue 9, in Its Entirety
......·.·.·.·.·········;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.;.:.:.:.:·:·:····;-;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.:.;.:-:·:·:·:·:·:··························································· .·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.•.•••··· ······.·.·.·.·.·.·······································:·:·:·:·:·:;;;:;:.:;:;:;;;;;:;:;·;·;·;·;·;·;·;·;·:·:·:·:·:·:.;.;.;.;.;.;.;•......... ·•·.·.·. Bellcore Practice Bellcore BR 751·100·055 Issue 1 0, August 1995 @Bell Cornrnunication Research COMMON LANGUAGE® STATE, PROVINCE, TERRITORY, COUNTRY AND UNIQUE CODES CONTENTS PAGE 1. PURPOSE.............................................................................................. 3 2. SCOPE ................................................................................................. 3 3. REASON FOR ISSUE............................................................................ 3 4. GENERAL . ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. 4 5. STATE CODE....................................................................................... 4 6. UNIQUE LOCATIONS: PLACE AND STATE CODES 6 Tables A. States of the United States (US) Codes................................................... 8 United States Outlying and Pacific Ocean Territories Codes .................. 9 States of Mexico (MX) Codes ................................................................. 10 Provinces and Territories of Canada (CN) Codes................................... 11 Unique Locations Codes . .. ... ... ............. ... .. .. ..... ....... ........... -
3. Oil in Kazakhstan: History and Literature ______57
Sorbello, Paolo (2021) Industrial relations in Kazakhstan’s oil sector (1991- 2019). PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/82271/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Industrial Relations in Kazakhstan’s Oil Sector (1991-2019) Paolo Sorbello MA Russian, Central and East European Studies; MA International Relations; MA International and Diplomatic Studies This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD within the University of Glasgow School of Social and Political Sciences College of Social Sciences University of Glasgow January 2021 1 “I declare that, except where explicit reference is made to the contribution of others, that this dissertation is the result of my own work and has not been submitted for any other degree at the University of Glasgow or any other institution.” Printed Name: PAOLO SORBELLO Signature: _________________________ 2 Abstract The objective of this thesis is to determine the extent to which the influence of transnational corporations into Kazakhstan’s authoritarian law-making and labour practices has had an effect on worker disenfranchisement.