Phialemonium Limoniforme Fungal Planet Description Sheets 253

252 Persoonia – Volume 34, 2015

Phialemonium limoniforme Fungal Planet description sheets 253

Fungal Planet 365 – 10 June 2015 Phialemonium limoniforme Giraldo & Deanna A. Sutton, sp. nov.

Etymology. Referring to conidial shape, resembling a lemon. Typus. USA, Louisiana, Baton Rouge, isolated from human head, Feb. 2014, D.A. Sutton (holotype CBS H-22020, cultures ex-type CBS 139049 Classification — Cephalothecaceae, Sordariales, Sordario = FMR 13627 = UTHSCSA DI14-259; ITS sequence GenBank LN614728, mycetes. LSU sequence GenBank LN614729, MycoBank MB810995). Mycelium consisting of septate, hyaline, smooth- and thin- Notes — The genus Phialemonium (Cephalothecaceae, Sor walled hyphae, 1.5–2 µm diam. Conidiophores absent or dariales) was established by Gams & McGinnis (1983) and was poorly differentiated, consisting of single phialides, arising recently reviewed by Perdomo et al. (2013). Currently Phialemo orthotropically from vegetative hyphae. Phialides lateral and nium contains six species apart from P. limoniforme, which are terminal, sometimes with a sympodial proliferation, ampul- commonly isolated from environmental sources, and with less liform or flask-shaped, 10–15 µm long, 2.5–3 µm wide at the frequency from human samples (Rivero et al. 2009, Perdomo swollen basal part, tapering toward the apex in a narrow long et al. 2011, Guarro 2012). Although clearly phylogenetically neck, with a distinct periclinal thickening at the conidiogenous distant from the other species of the genus, P. limoniforme locus and occasionally with an inconspicuous cylindrical col- (TreeBASE ID 16814) morphologically resembles P. globosum, larette, hyaline, thick- and smooth-walled. Conidia unicellular, P. inflatum and the asexual morph of Cephalotheca sulfurea, limoniform, 3–4 × 2–2.5 µm, with conspicuous connectives at by the production of conidial chains with connectives, and both ends, hyaline, smooth- and thick-walled, arranged in long phialides that are more or less inflated at the base (Perdomo chains. Adelophialides, chlamydospores and sexual morph et al. 2013). However, in contrast with the former species, not observed. P. globosum has globose to subglobose conidia, cylindrical Culture characteristics — Colonies on OA reaching 35–36 phialides with a slightly swollen base and adelophialides; P. in- mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, yellowish white (4A2) (Kornerup flatum produces smooth or finely roughened conidia (4–5 × 2–3 & Wanscher 1978), flat, floccose. On PCA attaining 48–50 µm), larger phialides (up to 19 µm long) and no growth at 35 °C; mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, yellowish white (2A2), flat, dusty and finally, the asexual morph of C. sulfurea has ovoid conidia. with uncoloured exudate drops. On PDA reaching 46–48 mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, white (1A1), radially folded, woolly. Optimum growth temperature 25–30 °C, restricted at 37 °C, no growth at 40 °C

Cephalotheca foveolata NBRC 100905 T (HE610473, HE610370) 98 Cephalotheca foveolata UTHSC 08-2766 (FR691995, HE610363) 91

94 Phialemonium obovatum CBS 730.97 (HE610471, HE610368) 78 Phialemonium obovatum CBS 279.76 T (FR691997, HE610365)

T 94 Phialemonium atrogriseum CBS 604.67 (HE610470, HE610367) 100 Phialemonium atrogriseum CBS 306.85 (HE610466, HE610366)

Phialemonium limoniforme sp. nov. FMR 13627 T Phialemonium globosum CBS 131713 T (HE610461, HE610358)

Phialemonium inflatum NBRC 31965 (HE610474, HE610371) 79 Phialemonium inflatum CBS 259.39 T (HE610464, HE610364) Cephalotheca sulfurea CBS 135.34 (HE610462, HE610372)

Lecythophora lignicola CBS 267.33 T (FR691986, HE610335) Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on partial sequences of Lecythophora luteoviridis CBS 206.38 T (FR691987, HE610333) ITS and LSU regions from reference and type strains of Phia lemonium species. The alignment included 905 bp and was 0.02 performed with Clustal W and MUSCLE applications. Tamura- Nei with Gamma distribution was used as the best nucleotide substitution model in ML analysis. Both the alignment and tree were constructed under MEGA v. 5.05 (Tamura et al. 2011). Lecythophora lignicola and L. luteoviridis (Coniochaetaceae, Coniochaetales) were used as outgroup taxa. The new species is highlighted in bold face. Bootstrap support values above Colour illustrations. USA, Louisiana, Baton Rouge, University Lakes T (photo: Amy L. Grooters). Colony on PCA after 14 d at 25 °C, simple conidio 70 % are shown at the nodes. Ex-type strain. Accession phores with conidia arranged in chains, phialides and conidia. Scale bars = numbers of D1/D2 and ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank 10 µm. database are in parentheses.

Alejandra Giraldo, Josepa Gené & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected] Deanna A. Sutton, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]