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Home , Achala Batholith, Cerro Toro, Cuyo Basin, North Patagonian Massif, Sierras Pampeanas, Taconic orogeny

Index

Note: Page numbers in bold type refer to Tables, those in italic type refer to illustrations, diagrams etc

Ab-An-Or diagram, Sierras Pampeanas 353 Appalachian-Ouachita orogenic belt 226 Acadian 77, 156, 228 Appalachians Acado-Baltic Province 68 Chepultepec interval 42 Acanthotoechia 64, 73 correlation with 5, 14, 57, 77 accretionary prisms 137 deformation 156 accretionary stages 3, 13, 70, 75, 226 internal basement massifs 15 Achala 184, 185, 338 mobile belts 219 Achalian orogeny 261,278 passive margin 16, 74 actinolite-tremolite 286 -drift transition 213 active margin Taconic orogeny 225 227 Famatina System 72, 222, 285 Appohimchi Subprovince 77 major element evidence 138 apron, volcaniclastic 128 advective transfer 223 Ar/Ar dating Aegiromena 65, 67, 70 analytical methods 267, 298 AFM diagram, Famatina plutons 288 collision 177 Afro-South American Realm 77 micas 273-275 aggradational environment 52 Sierra de Fiambalfi 308, 316 agnathans 65, 70 Sierras Pampeanas 147-149, 150-151,152-153, 154, Ahtiella Zone 64 155, 222, 261,268 Alabama-Oklahoma transform 18 spectra 274 Alcaparrosa Formation 24 Arbuckle Limestone 64 pillow-lavas 95 arc 228 algae 42, 90 arc splitting 178 , Precordillera 1, 11, 27 arc system, basin 127 Alsate Shale 93 Archaeorthis Zone 63 Altai Hinggan mobile belt 63 Arenig alumina saturation index diagram 352 Famatina and Central Andean basin 62 Amazonia 73, 77, 211 Precordillera 61 American Realm 62 Arequipa-Antofalla amphibole barometry, Sierra de Fiambalfi 303 and 211 -facies collision 76, 220, 251 Sierra de Fiambalfi 303-305, 313, 321 distinctness 6 Sierra de Pie de Palo 159, 160, 177 isotopic ages 73 Occidentalia 5 MORB signatures 212 supercontinent break-up 212 Sierra de Pie de Palo 160, 168, 172 Sierra de San Luis 236 geological map 298 spider diagram 187 geological provinces 86 anatexis Precordillera 1 E1 Pil6n 204, 207, 208, 210 Arica embayment 73,220 Famatina System 286 Artejia mega-continent 70 Olta 275 Asaphiscus 68 Sierra de Chepes 350 ash beds Sierras de Cdrdoba 228 intercalation 20, 27 Ancasti 297 Precordillera 107 Anchoramena 65 ash transport, direction 120 andalusite 241,242, 243 Asperezas Granite 351-352, 353, 362, 364 andalusite zone, Sierra de Chepes 349 aulacogens 15, 211 Andean cycle 2, 3 Avalonia terrane 73, 74, 76, 229 , geological map 252 see also andesite 92, 93, 96, 128 Avalonian faunas 49 Angaco belt 146 Anglesey 72 B. naris Zone 63, 66 Annamitella 73 Back Bay fauna 76 Anti-Atlas 66 back-arc environments Antirhynchonella fauna 76 262 130 Famatina System 72 Apheorthis 66 Lau basin 170, 171 aplogranite 198 Pie de Palo complex 146, 175, 178 Aporthophyla 64 Precordillera basement 144 Appalachian basin 231 Puna 127 Appalachian-Caledonide orogen 72 Quebrada Guayaupa-Lima 173 370 INDEX back-arc environments (continued) 63 Sierras de C6rdoba 214 Ordovician 14 spreading centres 172, 178 Precordillera 61, 63 back-arc protoliths, analyses 164-165 Brazil, cycles 3 Bahamas 20 Brazilian orogeny 73, 261 Balcarce Formation 111 break-up stages 3 Baltic Province 49, 57, 63, 64, 66 break-up 49, 52 Baltica, bentonites 86 breccias, hydroclastic 128 Baltica palaeocontinent 68 Brevard fault 226 barometry, GRIPS 307, 308 discrimination diagrams 287 Caborca 231 lavas 128, 172 Cacheuta sub-basin 146 MORB-type 46, 48, 160 Cadomian terrane 229 basement rocks calc-alkaline plutons 225, 226, 277, 290, 318 Sierra de Pie de Palo 87, 143, 159 calc-silicate rocks 313 Sierra de San Luis 236 calcarenites 92 basic/ultrabasic belts 229 calcretes 40, 90 basin closure 21 Caledonian orogeny 76, 77 basin subsidence 128 Calingasta 108 bedforms 39 Calmayo 198 Belen 211 , faunas 11 Be#ella 66 Camerella 64 Bemberg 241,327, 329 Campo Chico 77 K-bentonites 20, 21 Campylorthis 65 ages 110 Cafiani 228 Baltica 86 Cancafiiri Formation 67 comparative chart 120 Carlo del Oeste 77 comparative distribution 121 Carlo Grande Formation 77 dating 108 Capilla del Monte granite 184 Famatinean 121,229 Caradocian brachiopods 65 Fort Pefia 96 Precordillera and Central Andean basin 63 107, 115 Carap6 shear zone 185 localities 108, 109 carbonate facies, warm-water 71 Marathon 93, 96 carbonate rim, 20 mineralogy 111 carbonate sequences North America 121 Cambrian & Ordovician 14, 15, 35 Ordovician 7, 75 environmental reconstruction 23 Solitario 95 facies types 15 transects 110 Ordovician 20 whole-rock analyses 118-119 and rifting models 19, 219 see also meta-bentonites carbonate shoal complex 39 Big Bend 89 Carolina terrane 74, 75, 76, 226, 227, 229, 231 bioherms, distribution 98 cataclasis 160, 167 biostromes, San Juan Formation 43 catch-up system 41 zone, Sierra de Chepes 349 cathodo-luminescence images 269 bioturbation 43 Caucete Group Birmingham 18, 19, 41 age of 160, 177 Bishop Tuff 113 contact 146 bivalves 66 88 black shales 75, 90 quartzites 155, 169 Black Warrior Basin 18 Sierra de Pie de Palo 98 block-faulting 20, 25, 92, 98, 100, 253 Celtic Province, brachiopods 57, 59, 63, 64, 72 Blue Ridge 18, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231 Central Andean basin, biogeography 66-67 Bonnia-Olenellus chron 51 Central Batholithic Belt 3, 184 boudinage 240, 247 Central Newfoundland volcanic sequence 73, 78 brachiopods Cerro Aspero batholith 184, 338 affinity variation 65 Cerro Barboza 146, 159, 160 assemblage zones 61 Cerro Blanco granites 290 dispersion 59, 70 Cerro La Chilca 109 Famatina and Central Andean basin 62 Cerro La Silla 91, 109 faunas 57, 59 Cerros Largos 242, 243, 332, 333 49 Cerro Negro 313, 314, 315 Hirnantian 65 Cerro Pelado 41, 90, 195 INDEX 371

Cerro Potrerillo 109 continental reconstruction Cerro San Jorge 143, 146-147 Cambrian 227 Cerro Toro granite 288 Early Ordovician 26 Cerro Totora Formation 17, 18, 38, 41, 51 continental rise 49 Cerro Totora graben 19 , Laurentia 11 Cerro Valdivia 145, 155, 159, 160, 166 continental slope 49, 91, 96 Cerro Viejo 95, 109, 111, 114 contourites 46 Chafiic phase 3, 229 cooling, mid-Palaeozoic 313-314, 316-317 channel systems 128 cooling rates 312-313 Charlotte belt 226, 227, 231 coquinas 39 chemical index of alteration 131, 140 cordierite zone, Sierra de Chepes 349 Chepes 351,353, 362 cordieritite 197, 198, 207, 208 emplacement 365 Cordillera de la Costa 228 U-Pb dates 360 Cordillera Frontal 220 Chepes Porphyritic Granodiorite 351,353 Cordillera Oriental 66, 76 Chepultepec interval 42 Cordylodus cf. angulatus 43 chert beds 93 correlation chart, stratigraphic units 60 trench 1 Cow Head Group 63 Chilenia terrane 5, 52, 155, 177, 220, 278 crenulation 184, 245, 250, 306 chromite 163, 166, 178 Crepicephalus Zone 62 chromitites 183 cross bedding 42 chronostratigraphic chart 16 cross-stratification, herringbone 39, 40 Clarkeia fauna 50, 52, 70 Crossiskenidium 66, 73 clastic rocks crust palaeocurrents 285 isotopic signatures 207 Puna 129 partial melting 292 clastic wedge, oceanic crust in 15 crustal extension clasts Cambrian 14, 51, 52 basement 45 Ordovician 99 volcanic 92, 93 supersequence C 48 Clavohamulus hintzei 63 crustal recycling 140 clay mineralogy crustal shortening 120 bentonites 111 crustal subsidence 44 Fort Pefia 97 crustal thickening 210, 212, 222, 224, 227, 228 Cliftonia oxoplecoides 65 Sierra de San Luis 337 climate, Ordovician 20 Cruz de Carla 243, 332, 333 climate indicators, Precordillera migration 14 Cruz del Eje complex 275 clinopyroxenes, compositional plot 115 Cruziana 111 clitambonitids 66 Cumbres Calchaquies 222 collision dates, Precordillera terrane 6-7, 12, 75 cumulates collision and exchange model 70 Cerro Barboza 175, 178 Colohuincul complex 224, 225, 228 Cerro Valdivia 168, 175, 178 compositional layering 305, 310 Mogote Corralitos 173 compressional deformation 50 Pie de Palo complex 160, 167, 171 Conglomerado Cafiada Honda 245 Quebrada del Gato 175, 178 conglomerates Sierra de Fiambalfi 312 chert-pebble 48, 49 Cuparius 63, 69 46 Cushamen unit 225 mineral compositions 320 Cuyania terrane 3, 6, 36 Sierras Pampeanas 319 basement 44, 50, 220 wedged 24 carbonate platform 97 conjugate margins 17, 19, 59, 68, 213 collision 53, 155 Conlara Metamorphic Complex 236 components 87 conodont faunas 35, 43, 63 composite nature 147 in brachiopod zone calibration 61 drifting 253 contact metamorphism 306, 311,328 eastern margin 235, 253 continental arc systems 7, 131, 137, 139, 343, extent of 85 365 faunal exchange 68 continental bridges 14, 15 Grenvillean age 147 1, 211,212, 214, 219 as 'Llanoria' 87 magma generation 338 plate rotation 100 continental lithosphere 14 rifting 177, 178 continental margins, Atlantic-type 47, 52 Cuyania-Gondwana 156, 253 continental platform, carbonate 13 basin 146 372 INDEX dacite 92, 93, 128, 131, 174, 286 E1 Jaguelito-Nahuel Niyeu metapelites 225 Dagger Flat 92, 93, 98 E1 Morro pluton 335, 336 Dalmanella testudinaria 65 E1 Paso Group 98 Davidsville Group 66 E1 Pefi6n Grande 335 debris flows 85 E1 Pil6n complex Los Sombreros Formation 21 age 204, 222, 276 volcaniclastic 93 concordia plot 208 deformation, compressive 241,242, 245, 253 emplacement 207 Degamella 66 metamorphism 185 dehydration melting 336 193, 197 Deicke beds 121 183 depositional assemblages 38 El Quemada 178 descending slab, hydration of 292 El Realito 327, 328, 330 Destombesium 67 E1 Relincho Formation 90 detachment models 19 E1 Salado 335 detrital quartz 90 El Telarillo 335 Devil's River uplift 92, 94, 96 Empozada Formation 25, 91 diamictites 52, 70 end-member deposits 21 diatexite 187 end-run hypothesis 14, 25 diorite 328, 350 endemism disruption, post-docking 25 Arenig 72 distal slope 92 Caradoc 65 Dob's Linn 108 Eorhipidomella 67 dolomitization 40 Eostropheodonta hirnantensis 65 Dominica 96 erosional unconformities, high-angle 47 Don Braulio Formation 47, 52, 60, 65 eruptive plumes 112 Don Polo Formation 46 Espinal Formation 283 Douglas Lake 121 Estonia 63 Drabovia 65, 70 Euorthisina 66 Drabovinella 67 European Realm 65 Dreisbachian faunas 62 eustatic control 44, 51 drowning evaporites 17, 18, 38, 88, 90 carbonate bank 20, 22, 52, 75 extension, lithospheric 21, 24, 27 Cerro Pelado 90 San Juan Formation 43 ductile deformations, Sierra de Pie de Palo 147, 154, facies associations 38 155, 169, 177 facies variation ductile shear 184, 185, 212 Marathon/Solitario basin 97 Dunnage zone 76 marine volcano 94 dyke complex 170, 172 Faja Eruptiva de la Puna 73 dykes Faja milonitica a Arenilla 247 aplitic 315, 335 Famatina System 3, 5, 7, 21, 72 cross-cutting 241 age of 95 La Escalerilla granite 328, 330 basement 283-285 290 cross-sections 291 241,242, 250, 315 evolution 292, 293 Phyllite Group 236 geological map 284 rhyolite 329 granite geochemistry 289 Sierra de San Luis 328 petrogenesis 290 tonalitic 185 plutonic rocks 288-290, 365 review 283 213, 214, 251,277, 292 E-MORB 172 volcanism 286-288 Eastern Basement Complex 240, 243, 245-250 western margin 253 Eastern Cordillera 3, 7 Famatinean cycle 223, 235, 240 243, 251,283 Eastern Sierras Pampeanas 3, 5, 7, 220 Famatinean magmatic arc 7, 59, 70, 72, 213 Ediacaran fauna 74 active margin 228 Ehmania 68 ages 277 El Diquecito group 186, 187, 192, 197, 210 bentonites 12I E1 Estero Member 41 continental arc 343 E1 Gigante 228 crystallization age 361-363 E1 Hornito 335 early stage 182 E1 Horno Formation 76 in Iapetus 219 E1 Jaguelito terrane 225, 228 interpretation 364-365 INDEX 373

Famatinian orogeny 2, 3, 25, 122, 184 geochemistry accretion 277 bentonites 107, 115 continental collision 219, 261 Lower Turbidite System 134-135 deformation 223 Puna turbidites 131 evolution 227-229 Sierras de C6rdoba 188, 189 granitoids 327-332 Upper Turbidite System 136 map 221 Volcanosedimentary Succession 132-133 metamorphism 204 geochronology, Sierras Pampeanas 356-361 Ocloyic phase 327 geodynamic scenario, Sierras de C6rdoba 212 Pampean cycle 222 geotraverse 181,343 plutons 209 glaciation, Gondwana 14, 27, 47 Taconian equivalence 228-231 glauconite 93 Famatinolithus 66 global reconstruction 90 Famatinorthis 66, 73, 74 Glossopleura chron 51 fan deltas 50 fault overstepping 25 analyses 166 fault scarps 46, 47, 48, 99 Pie de Palo complex 173 174 faulting, syn-depositional 93, 97 Quebrado del Gato 174 faunal compositions 46, 49 Sierra de San Luis 327 faunal divergence 71 see also orthogneiss, paragneiss faunal exchange 70 Gogoella 66 faunal migration 67 Gondwana faunas, Cambrian 11, 14 docking of Precordillera 11, 155 feldspars, compositional plot 115 faunas 50 ferromanganese crusts 172 Florida basement 229 Ffynnonia 66, 73 foreland 1, 3, 7 fibrolite 190, 350 glaciation 14, 27, 47 fifth-order cycles 40 Pampean collision 212 Finnmarkian orogeny 74 pre-Andean margin 77 flat-slab subduction 183 proto-Pacific margin 1, 68 flat-slab zone, 1, 5 rotation 57 flexure, lithospheric 20 western margin 222, 278 flood basalts, Paranfi-Etendeka 3 see also Laurentia-Gondwana flooding surfaces 39, 43 Gondwanan Iapetus 57 Florida basement, Gondwana 229 Gondwanian cycle 2, 3 flute marks 128 graben filling 24 flysch 50, 52, 236 graben systems 19, 23, 49 foliation graded beds 41 Sierra de Chepes 348 grainstones 20, 42, 43 Sierra de Fiambalfi 301,307, 311 Grampian orogeny 74 Sierras de C6rdoba 184 Grand Pitch Formation 74 Yaconian 229 granites foreland, Gondwana 1 hypersolvus 338 Sierra de Fiambalfi 315 317 Puna 76 within-plate 3 Punta Negra 146 granitization 228 Fort Cassin Formation 63 granitoids Fort Pefia Formation 93, 96 classification 195 fossil hash 39 evolution 337 fossils, La Laja Formation 38 Famatinian 223, 327-332 framework minerals, turbidites 128 geochemistry 224, 289, 352-356 framework modes, turbidites 130 Los Llanos-Ulapes batholith 350-352 Franklin Mountains 94, 98 Mamil Choique 225 funeral ship scenario 59, 219 metaluminous 195-197, 202, 227 peraluminous 7, 183, 197-198, 204, 207, 213, 227, gabbro 276, 352 Sierra de Fiambal~t 308 post-orogenic 184, 223, 334-336 Tama 352 227 gabbro-norite 311, 312, 313, 315, 318 Sierra de San Luis 325, 330 Gander terrane 74, 75, 76 Sierras de C6rdoba 183 garnet, textures 190, 301-302, 303, 305 Sierras Pampeanas 343 Gasparillo 241,245, 327 syn-orogenic 332--334 gastropods 42, 90 tectonic fields 331,333 General Alvear sub-basin 146 Western Sierras Pampeanas 122, 223 374 INDEX granodiorite Huacoella Zone 63, 64 Famatina System 290 Hungioides 66 La Playa 207 hydrothermal activity, spreading ridges 172 Quebrada de Gato 174 Rio Salado 225 Sierra de Chepes 348 L victoriae lunatus zone 122 I-type source rocks 277 Sierra de San Luis 328 Sierras de C6rdoba 183, 195 6, 7, 12, 14 closure 76, 227 syn-kinematic 334 evolution 77, 219 granulite facies 183, 210, 240, 312 margins 57 graptolites 93, 97, 99, 285 gravity flows 98 obduction 100 greenschist facies opening 15, 73, 74, 225, 226 palaeogeography 25 Sierra de Fiambal/l 304, 307, 313 Sierra de Pie de Palo 159 width 108 Iapetus suture 226, 229 Sierra de San Luis 249, 250, 253 Grenville orogeny 73 ice-rafting 52 Grenvillian Idiostrophia 64 Cuyania 147 Illaenopsis 66 Famatina basement 285 Illaenus 73 granites 209 immobile elements 159, 172, 177 in-situ partial melting 312 Marathon/Solitario 92 Occidentalia 222 incompatible elements, enrichment in 184 Pb signatures 145 Incorthis 66, 67 Precordillera 12 Indian Bay terrane 78 San Rafael 44 intraclasts 42 Inversella (Reinversella) 64 Sierra de Pie de Palo 220 U-Pb dates 87, 161 Irish Northwestern terrane 73, 75 Western Sierras Pampeanas 3, 5, 6, 85 Iruyic event 229 greywackes, Rhenohercynian 131 Iruyica 222-223 Gualcamayo Formation 90, 108, 109, 111, 120 island arcs 20, 127, 144, 146 Isograptus caduceus 93 Guamanes Shear Zone 266, 275, 278 Guandacol isotopic data, Sierras de C6rdoba 185 bentonites 108, 122 carbonates 88 Jfichal 43, 44, 49, 108, 111,120 Formation 23, 38 Jan Mayen Ridge 26 hardgrounds 41 Juan XXIII granite 183 lithoclasts 90 Jujuyapis 66 thickness 47 sedimentary environment 43 tectonic phase 228 K-Ar ages unconformity 41 San Jorge 147 Gfiiraldes 198, 207, 208 Sierra de San Luis 251,333, 335 Guyana craton 76, 77 Sierras de C6rdoba 184, 187 K/Ca ratios 151 Hallograptus etheridgei 97 kaolinite 111 karstification 94 hardgrounds, Guandacot 41 Harker variation diagrams 354, 355 King Mountains 231 harzburgites 183 Kinnekulle beds 120 Hawke Bay event 41, 44, 51,226 kinzigites 195, 208 Hayesville fault 227 Kosov Province 65 heat-flow, lateral 49 kyanite 240, 250 heavy minerals 50, 52, 131 Hebridean 73 La Aguadita Formation 285, 293 Hesperonomia 64 La Bolsa 238 Heterorthis 67 La Calera group 186, 187 Hf-Th-Ta plot 171 La Cantera Formation 21, 47, 60, 94 HFS elements 139, 184 La Carolina 245, 250 high-Na plutons 195, 198, 207, 209, 213 geological map 239 highstands 39, 43 La Chilca block 23 Hirnantia fauna 70, 76 La Ci6naga 332, 333 H. sagittifera 65, 67 La Cienaguita 335 hornblende, Ar/Ar ages 149, 150-151, 154 La Cruz limestones 41 horst and graben structures 22-23, 48, 99 La Cumbre-Ascochinga 185, 195, 202 INDEX 375

La Escalerilla granite 236 leucosomes age 278, 332 El PilSn 193 chemistry 332 Sierra de Fiambalfi 301,302 dykes 328, 330 Sierra de San Luis 242 emplacement 242, 243, 330 Sierras de CSrdoba 184 margin 245, 249 L~vis Shale 63 La Estanzuela 186, 187, 197, 210 lherzolite 183 La Flecha Formation 40, 90 LIL elements 198 La Florida 241,242, 250 Limay Mahuida 85 La Fronda 198, 207, 208 limestones, deep-water 38, 41 La Invernada Formation 21 lineations, Sierra de Fiambalfi 307, 310 La Laja Formation 38, 88 lit-par-lit injection 302, 321 La Melada complex 247, 250 lithospheric loading 76 La Melada-La Gruta 238 lithostratigraphy, pre- 37 La Pampa 85, 143 Llano 88, 177 La Playa 198, 207 Llanoria concept 86 87 La Puntilla 305, 306, 311, 313, 318, Llanvirn brachiopods, Precordillera 61 321 Loma Ancha granite 185 La Represa 332, 333 Loma Colorada 223 La Rioja Los Alanices 335 Malanz/m Formation 262 Los Azules Formation 94, 109, 120 thrust belt 12, 111 Los Blanquitos block 22 La Silla Formation 41-42, 63, 90 Los Llanos-Ulapes batholith 290, 292, 344, La Tapera 332 350-352 La Totora pluton 335 crustal component 365 La/Sc v. Ti/Zr plot 139 major elements 354 La/Ta ratios 160, 166 QAP diagram 351 Lachlan Fold Belt 353 rare earth element spectra 356 lagoonal deposits 39 Rb v. Yb + Ta plot 356 laminites 90 trace elements 355 lamprophyre dykes 290 Los Ramblones 223 Las Aguaditas Formation 22, 23, 44, 60, 91 Los Sombreros Formation Las Aguilas Group 236, 249, 264, 277 continental slope 91 Las Chacras batholith 332, 334, 336, 337 debris flows 21 Las Chacritas section 44 fault scarp 48 Las Pirquitas thrust 147, 155, 160, 169 olistoliths 45, 89, 90, 99 Las Planchadas Formation 122, 287, 289 Los Tflneles Las Plantas Formation 21, 60 clasts 46 Las Trancas 223 metasediments 193 Las Vacas Formation 21 olistolith 41, 88, 89, 90 Las Verbenas 241,243, 327, 330 phyllites 210 Lau Basin 159, 170, 175, 176, 178 Rb-Sr data 204, 358 Laurentia 6 shear zone 185 brachiopods 63 Lower Turbidite System 128, 129 continental shelf 11 geochemistry 134-135 faunas 14, 49 lutites 285 Grenville belt 88 location 213 mafics microplate detachment 75 analyses 162 rifted margin 18, 19, 41, 73 arc environments 163 1, 5, 78 composition 167 wander path 57 crystallization age 19 Laurentia-Antarctica connection 219 MORB-type 24 Laurentia-Gondwana Pie de Palo complex 160, 172 collision 70, 76, 77, 219, 224, 261,277 magmas interactions, 75 cogenetic 362 rifting 74 water content 115 suture 177, 178 magmatic arcs 3, 136, 227 lavas, rhyolitic 73 magmatic development 113-114, 117 Leptella (Leptella) 64 magmatic differentiation 334 LepteIla (Petroria) 64, 69 magmatic evolution Leptellinae 63 Sierra de San Luis 336 155, 197, 198, 207, 208, Sierras de CSrdoba 209-210 290 magmatic flow 348 376 INDEX magmatic suites, isotope signatures 182 microptates 26, 59 magmatism microprobe analyses 191, 194, 204 1 mid-Iapetus ridge 18 Sierras Pampeanas 52 migmatisation 190, 228 major elements, Los Llanos-Ulapes batholith 354 Sierra de Fiambal/t 301 304 Malanzfin Formation 262 Sierra de San Luis 236, 240 Malvinas/Falkland Plateau 71,220 migmatites 160, 183, 193 Mamil Choique 225 Millbrig beds 120, 121 mantle, enriched 223 Mina Gonzalito, age 225 mantle doming 293 Mina Gonzalito Yaminu6 complex 225 mantle upwelling 292 mineralogy, K-bentonites 111 maps, regional 2 Miocene lavas, xenoliths 5 Marathon, bentonites 21 Mississippi Valley trough 18, 19 Marathon Formation 93 mobile elements 160 Marathon/Solitario region 85-86, 87, 92 Mogote Corralitos 161, 163, 172, 173 asymmetry 100 molasse sediments 52 basin evolution 97, 100 Molles Formation 66 Maravillas Formation 94 monazite 202, 203, 205, 266 marble, Pie de Palo 175, 178, 228 monazites margin deformation 14 dating 271-272, 312-313 marginal plateaux 51 Tera-Wasserburg plots 271 marine depositional environments 39 Monorthis 64, 66 mass transfer 223 Montoya Formation 95 mass-flow deposits 45, 47, 51 Monument Spring Member 93 mass-wasting deposits 25 183, 195, 198, 328, 335, 364 Maurice Ewing Bank 14 MORB signatures, amphibolites 212 Mediterranean faunas 71 130 mega-breccias 45, 51, 91 Ar/Ar dating 152-153, 154 Mejillones complex 211 mylonites Mendoza 253 carbonate rocks 85 Eastern Basement Complex 21,247, 248, 251 thrust-fold belt 12 La Escaleritla granite 332 M6rida Andes 76 Quebrada Gauyaupa-Lima 174 Merlinia 66 Riocito 249 Mermela Group 261 Sierra de Chepes 348, 349 Mesdn Group 210, 327 Sierra de Fiambalfi 313 meta-andesites 88 Sierra de Paganzo 289 meta-bentonites 85, 90, 99 Sierra de Pie de Palo 154, 155, 160, 169 see also bentonites Sierras de C6rdoba 185 meta-greywackes 285 Western Basement Complex 245 meta-rhyolites 88 myrmekitic texture 331,333, 350 meta-texites 184 Mytton Flags 66 metabasites, E1 Diquecito 192 metagabbro 167, 222 Ouachita belt 25 N-MORB signatures 171, 173, 183, 214 metamorphic complex, Sierra de Los Llanos 348 Nanorthis 66 metamorphic grade Narvfiez pluton 290 Pie de Palo complex 146, 159, 160 nautiloids 42, 90 Sierra de Fiambalfi 307 Nazca plate, flat-slab zone 1 Taconian 227 Negro Peinado Formation 285, 293 metamorphism Nemagraptus gracilis zone 99 carbonate platform 50 Neseuretus Fauna 66 and deformation 350 Newfoundland, trondhjemites 228 Sierras de C6rdoba 185 NEWMOD program 112 temperatures 306, 308, 312 Nikizanga block 163, 172 metasediments Niquivilia Zone 63, 64 Los Tfineles 193 Nogoli Metamorphic Complex 236 Sierras Pampeanas 210, 353, 356 norite 222 metasomatism 112 North America, carbonate rim 20 metavolcanic rocks 236 North America- interaction 219 mica-schists, Sierra de San Luis 327 North Atlantic Region 76 Micaschist Group 236, 241,253 North Patagonian Massif 220, 224, 225, 228 microcontinent models 15, 25 Nothorthis 63, 69 brachiopod evidence 59, 68, 72 Notorthisina 66 INDEX 377

Notus Ocean 77 Ouachita rift 18 Nuia 98 Ouachita trough 228 l~ufiorco pluton 290, 362 outer shelf deposits 93, 96 overstep, and rift drift completion 19

O. evae Zone 64 Oanduporella 67 P. elegans (P. suecicus) Zone 122 obduction, ocean crust 100, 214 P. serra Zone 65 Occidentalia terrane 5, 53, 70, 219, 220, 229 P-T conditions ocean closure 72, 212, 222 Rio de Susquia 193 oceanic crust, in clastic wedge 15 Sierra de Fiambal'~ 307, 311 312 oceanic currents 59, 70 Sierra de Paganzo 364 Ocloyic orogeny 11, 14, 21, 25, 27 Sierras de C6rdoba 193, 195, 210, 212 contractional 100 Pacatala 352 Precordillera collision 123 packstones 38, 39, 42 Sierra de Fiambalh 319 Paganzo basin 35 Sierras Pampeanas 327 Paganzo Group 327 Ocoee Group 46 paired rift margin hypothesis 68 Oe. evae Zone 108, 122 palaeo-biogeography 7, 44 Oepikoides 65 palaeocurrents 50, 128, 211 Ogof Hen Formation 64 clastic rocks 285 Oklahoma aulacogen 92 palaeogeographical hypotheses 58, 67 Oklahoma-Alabama transform 85 palaeogeographical models 67 Oldhamia 74, 222 palaeogeography, early Palaeozoic 89 Olenid biofacies 72 palaeolatitude, Carolina terrane 76 Oligorthis 64, 69 palaeomagnetism olistoliths 21, 25, 38, 41 Famatina 73 Dagger Flat Sandstone 92, 93 Precordillera 14 Los Sombreros Formation 45, 89, 90, 99 palaeosomes 190 Los Tuneles 41, 88, 89, 90 Paliella 285 Woods Hollow Formation 94 Pampa de Las Invernadas 245 olistostromes 91, 93 Pampean cycle 2, 3, 222, 235, 327 Olta 275, 349 181,210, 211,259 oncolites 39, 43 collisonal event 7 onlap 41, 48 extent 214 Onychopyge 66 metamorphism 210, 251,275-277 oolites 39, 42 pluton emplacement 318, 321 ophiolites Pampean terrane 57, 212, 251 Famatinean 19 terrane 21, 73 Pie de Palo 146, 178 PAMPRE Project 181 Sierras de C6rdoba 212 Pan-African cycle 285 western Precordillera 25 Pancanta 241,327 Ordovician geological map 328 outcrop map 12 Pangaea break-up 68 Precordillera docking 11, 12 Parabolina ( Neoparabolina) frequens 66 Oriskany Formation 77 Paradoxides 68, 74, 76 orogenic cycles 1 3 paragneiss, Sierra de Fiambalh 301 orogenic events 4 Paran~-Etendeka flood basalts 3 orogenic material, recycled 130 ParomaIomena polonica 65 Orthidiella 64 Paso del Rey 242, 250, 332, 333, 335 Orthidium 63 passive margins orthogneiss Appalachian 16 felsic 261 carbonate successions 15, 226 La Puntilla 305, 306, 31 l, 313 Cuyania 97 metaluminous 195, 209 destruction of 214 peraluminous 183 extension 24, 52 Sierra de Umango 220 major dement evidence 138 Ouachita embayment 18, 88 Ouachita embayment 19 detachment from 11, 15, 75, 177, 219 Pampean cycle 3, 211,213 oceanic crust 100 recycled sources 137 passive margins 14, 19 rifting 27, 51 reconstruction 99 trace element evidence 139 140 structure and sedimentation 85 plate 73 Ouachita fold belt, pyroclastic flows 85 Patagonian massifs 5 378 INDEX

Pb-isotopic signature pre-Famatinian cycle, Sierra de San Luis 238-240 Grenvillian 88, 145 Precambrian-Cambrian boundary 212 Laurentian crust 92 Precordillera Pb/Pb ages accretion 75 La Puntilla orthogneiss 305 Argentina 1 Pie de Palo complex 146, 163, 175 collision 123 Peacock index 353 docking 11, 12, 78, 143, 277 Peggy Ridge 175 drowning 20 185, 236, 241,242, 250, 334 East-West differences 16 peneplain, pre-Andean 147 evolutionary models 25, 27 Penobscot orogeny 74, 228 as exotic terrane 3, 5, 6, 11 pentamerids 63, 66 hypotheses 14 Perc6 76 location map 13 petrography, turbidites 129-131 origins 219 Phanerozoic cycles, table 3 separation 18, 20, 27, 78 phenocrysts 111, 112, 113 stratigraphic evidence 15 Phyllite Group 236, 241 structural units 36 structures 243-245 wander path 14, 25 phyllites width 16 Los Tfineles 210 prehnite 286 Sierra de San Luis 327 Pringles Metamorphic Complex 236, 277 phyllonites 185 Productorthis 64 Pichanas complex 275 proto-Andean margin, reconstruction 213 Pie de Palo complex 146, 160, 177 Protopeltura 66 suturing 178 provenance, discriminant plot 138 Piedmont zone 226, 227, 229, 231 proximal facies 285 piemontite 286 Pulchrilamina 98, 100 pillow-lavas pumpellyite 286 Alcaparrosa Formation 24, 46, 95 Puna rift-related 25, 49, 52, 99 clastic rocks 129, 223 planktonic stages, brachiopods 59 collision 25 Planolites 285 connection with Famatina System 73, 128 plants, lycophyte 77 magmatic arc 75, 127, 219 plate configuration 19-20, 100 magmatic rocks 3 plate interactions 52 Plateau 297, 318 plate rotation 100 128 platform area 37, 47 thrusting 224 platform successions 72 Turbidite Complex 128 Platillaenus 73 Puncoviscan ocean 212, 214 Platystrophia 64 Puncoviscana Formation 74, 75, 210, 211 Plectothyrella crassicosta 65 age 211 Plethopeltis obtusus 63 basement 318 Plicatolina 66 clastic sediments 213 Pliomeridius 66 equivalence 236, 251,275, 297 plutonic belts 3, 182 granitoids in 227 plutonic rocks, Famatina System 288-290 ichnofossils 222 plutons Puncoviscana Trough 259 calc-alkaline 225 Punta Negra 146, 155 fracture-controlled 223 Punta Negra Formation 50 Pocho Phyllites 193 pyroclastic flows polymetamorphism 182 Fort Pefia Formation 93, 97 Pomatotrema 64 Ouachita fold belt 85 Pon6n Trehue pyroxene 130 basement 146 carbonate platform 22, 98, 143 QAP diagram Formation 91 Famatina plutons 288 Lower Ordovician 90 Los Llanos-Ulapes batholith 351 in Precordillera 21 Sierra de San Luis 329 Portezuelo del Tontal Formation 46, 91, 92 quartz gabbro 328 post-collisional cycle 14 quartz grains Potomac orogeny 226 analyses 116, 117 Potrerillo Block 22, 223 optical measurements 114 Prague basin 66 Quebrada de Los Saltitos 108 Prantlina 66 Quebrada de Potrerillos 109 INDEX 379

Quebrada de Talacasto 109 rifting Quebrada Grande 161 asymmetric 19 Quebrada Guayaupa-Lima 173 back-arc 175, 176 Quebrada Las Piriquitas 175, 178 diachronous 15 Quebrada Las Plantas 109 evidence for 17 20, 27 Quebrada Nazareno 109 initiation 68, 97 Quebrado del Gato 163, 174, 176 intracontinental 41, 51 Quebrado del Molle 172 Rinconada Formation 49, 50 Quihnes 297 Rio Cachiri Group 77 Quilpo Formation 275 Rio Chico complex 225, 228 Quines 236, 243, 250 Rio Claro 241,245 Rio de La Cafiada Honda 250 Rio de la Carpa 242, 332, 333, 334 R1-R2 diagrams 331 Rio de la Plata 211,212, 251,259, 277, 285 radiometric dating, see also Ar/Ar, K/Ar, Pb-Pb, Rio de Suquia 185, 187, 197, 202 U/Pb Rio Doce Orogeny 3 rafting, brachiopod larvae 59 Rio Guzman Shear Zone 251,264, 278 Raleigh-Kiokee belt 226 Rio Quinto 245, 330 ramp facies 23, 41 Rio Salado 225 rare earth element spectra Rio San Juan 49 bentonites 117 Rio Sassito 47, 49 Los Llanos-Ulapes batholith 356 Rio Turbio, shear zone 247 Pie de Palo complex 167, 168, 169, 170, 174 Riocito, mylonites 249 Puna turbidites 136, 137 Rochambeau Bank 175 Ratones Granite 300, 313-317 Rodeo Viejo 335 Rb-K diagram 137 Rodriguez Tank Sandstone 93 Rb-Sr dating Rome (Waynesboro) Formation 18 Achaia batholith 184 Rosslare terrane 72 Bemberg 241,329 Rugostrophia 64 Cerro Toro granite 289 Chepes 359 Sacabamaspisjanvieri 65, 70 Colohuincul 224 Salopia 67 La Escaterilla granite 332 sample descriptions, Sierras Pampeanas Sierra de Pie de Palo 161, 163, 220 262-266 Sierra de San Luis 333, 335 San Agustin 198, 208, 213, 290 Sierras de C6rdoba 200-202, 204 San Carlos massif 195 Sierras Pampeanas 261,357-358, 358, 363, 364 San Isidro block 22 Realito 241 San Juan 88 receptaculids 42, 90 San Juan Formation 42-44, 73, 90 red-beds 17, 88 association 98 Redonia 66 volcanism 93 reef associations, San Juan Formation 42 43, 90 San Juan Limestone regional metamorphism 313 bentonites in 108, 109, 111 relaxation, post-collisionaI 24 brachiopods 57, 60, 64 Renca 335, 336, 338 top of 120 retro-arc environments 127 San Luis Formation 261,277 retrograde mineral growth 315, 317, 321 San Rafael 36, 98 reverse faulting 250 Grenvillean 44, 85, 222 Andean 1 San Rafael block 12 Laramide 297 Santa Cruz de la Sierra 352 Neogene 318 Santa Marta Massif 76 reworking, heavy minerals 131 Santa Rosa 195, 208, 236, 243, 250 rhyodacite 131,286 Santa Victoria Group 66 rhyolite Sassito Formation, section 22, 23 dykes 329 Sauk unconformity 94, 95, 121 Famatina System 286 Sc-Th-Zr/10 plot 139 Gondwanian cycle 3 Scandinavian Caledonides 74 Laurentian margin 92, 93, 97 schists, Pie de Palo complex 173-174 Puna arc 128 Schizophoria 67 rift facies, late Precambrian 74 Scoto-Appalachian Province 65 rift valleys 49 Scottish-Irish Caledonides 74 rift-drift succession 46 Sea of Japan 98 rift-drift transition 19, 27, 51, 213, 226 sea-floor spreading, onset of 19 rift-onset unconformities 49, 52 sea-level curve 45 380 INDEX sea-level fluctuations 20, 22 correlation 319 global 43 geological map 301 seamounts 172, 175 geological outline 300 section, block-faulting 24 metamorphism 314 sediment thickness 48, 49 Mid-Palaeozoic 313-315 sedimentary basins 64 migmatisation 301 sedimentary sequences, Precordillera 88 Ordovician 306-311 sedimentary units, overlapping relationships 12 P-T conditions 307, 311-312 sediments, Cambro-Ordovician 36 Precambrian 300 301 segmentation regional geology 318-319 Andean 12 sample location map 309, 316 fault-controlled 92, 97 structure and metamorphism 302, 306, Sepulturas Formation 66 317 sequence boundaries structure orientation 305, 310, 311 type-1 40, 41, 42 tectono-thermal events 317 type-2 40, 42 textures and structures 304 sequence stratigraphy 35 thermo-barometry 311 La Silla Formation 52 Sierra de Guayaguas 253 San Juan Formation 43 Sierra de La Huerta 253, 336 Zonda Formation 40 Sierra de la Invernada 108 sericite 249, 250 Sierra de la Macarena 68, 76 serpentinite Sierra de Los Llanos 251,343 Ouachita thrust belt 25, 100 analyses 346-347 Pie de Palo complex 160, 163 metamorphic complex 348 Sierras de C6rdoba 183 Sierra de Malanzfin 251,343 shales Sierra de Maz 229 black 228, 285 Sierra de Paganzo 285, 289, 365 graptolitic 24, 72 P-T conditions 364 phosphatic 93 Sierra de Paimfin 223, 285, 290 shallow shelf depositional environments 39 Sierra de Perijfi 76, 77 shear zones Sierra de Pie de Palo 6, 7, 85, 143 Rio Turbio 247 basement rocks 87, 98, 143, 159, 161 Sierras de C6rdoba 184-185 ductile deformations 147 Sierras Pampeanas 261,278 geological map 145, 161 ultramafics in 227 Grenvillian 220 Shimanto belt 212 map 160 Shin Brook Formation 66, 73, 74, 76 marble 175, 178, 228 shortening, collisional 21 ophiolites 146 shoshonitic lavas 175, 178, 290 Rb-Sr dating 161, 163, 220 SHRIMP U-Pb analyses 6, 181,202, 204, 205, 266, Sierra de Quilmes 318 329, 361 Sierra de San Luis 7, 223, 235 Shumardia 66 block diagram 238, 246 Sierra Chica 185 crustal thickening 337 Sierra Chica de Zonda 38, 49, 88, 177 early intrusions 241 Sierra de Ancasti 222, 229, 253, 261,318 evolution 255 Sierra de Chepes 251,275, 278, 336, 343 Famatinian cycle 251-255 anatexis 350 geological map 237, 265, 326 andalusite zone 349 granitoids 325 biotite zone 349 K-At ages 251 cordierite zone 349 magmatic evolution 336 geological map 263 metamorphism 327 granites 344 post-Famatinian magmatism 243-251 granodiorite 348 pre-Famatinian cycle 238-240, 251 section 348 profile 244, 254 Tuani Granite 352 QAP diagram 329 Sierra de Copacabana 285 regional metamorphism 250~51 Sierra de E1 Gigante 253 San Luis Formation 261 Sierra de Famatina 3, 60 Sierra de Talacasto 95, 96 biogeography 65-66 Sierra de Ulapes 343 Sierra de Fiambalfi 7, 222, 229, 290, 297 Sierra de Umango 5, 220 amphibole barometry 303 Sierra de Valle F6rtil 156, 229, 253, 336 block movement 314-315, 319 Sierra de Villicum 49, 88, 177, 228 Cambrian 301-306 Sierra Grande de C6rdoba 348 Carboniferous 315-317 Sierra Norte de Cdrdoba 262, 277 INDEX 381

Sierras de C6rdoba 181,251 spreading ridges age histogram 210 hydrothermal activity 172 back-arc environments 214 Quebradas del Quemado 169 concordia plots 206 remnants of 14 detrital pattern 275 and submarine volcanism 24 event sequence 183 Sr/Sr ratios 207, 361 geochronology 209 starved-basin sediments 72 geological map 182, 186, 264 staurolite 240, 250 Harker diagrams 196 storm reworking 42 isochron plots 207 stratigraphic column 91 KAr data 187 stratigraphic section 17 lithology 182-184 stratigraphy magmatic evolution 209 210 post-collision 21 ophiolites 212 Puna basin 128 P-Tconditions 193, 195 stromatolites 40, 90, 175, 178 Tasa Cuna Formation 261 stromatoporoids 42, 90, 98 tectonothermal evolution 209-210 subduction 52, 59, 73, 75, 122 volcanic arc 222 Early Cambrian 213 Sierras Pampeanas 1, 3, 7, 12 Famatinian 213, 214, 251,277, 292, 344 analytical methods 266-267 metamorphism 227 Ar-Ar dating 147-149, 222 subduction zone 160, 177 basement 36, 143, 159, 253, 261 subsidence Central Batholithic Belt 184 controls on 17, 19, 41 depositional ages 275 plate configuration 20 evolution 220, 228 Puna basin 128 geochronology 356-361 thermal 52, 72 geological map 260, 344, 345 subsidence analysis 19, 20 granitoids 343 supersequences 37 38 intrusives 262 A 38-41 magmatism 21, 52, 212 B 41-44 metamorphism 261 C 44-49 metasediments 210 D 49-50 orogenic events 276 supra-subduction !75 sample descriptions 262-266 supracrustal rocks, foreland 5 shearing 261 Suri Formation 66, 73 southern 259 syn-collisional arc 228 tectonic province 297, 325 syn-collisional cycle 14 tectono-thermal events 318 syn-collisional suture 229 Th-Pb dating 267 syn-rift successions 18 U-Pb dates 267 Syntrophia 63, 69 ultramafics 261 systems tracts zircon ages 270 highstands 39, 43 sillimanite shelf-margin 43 fibrolitic 241,242, 243, 333 transgressive 39, 43 Sierra de Fiambal~ 305, 306 siltstone association 39, 88 Skenidioides 66 Taconian orogeny slope apron 91 Appalachians 225-227 slope sediments 41 continental collision 27, 219, 220, 228 slumped beds 41 deformation 156 Sm Nd analyses metamorphic regime 223 Colohuincul 224 origin of 11, 25 Sierra de Fiambal~ 312 terrane accretion 74, 76, 122 Sierra de Los Llanos 359 Taconian-Famatinian belts, fit 229, 230 Sierras de C6rdoba 203, 208 Taffia 64 Sierras Pampeanas 363, 364 Talacasto 73, 108, 111 Soldano Member 41 Talacasto Formation 50 219 Tama Gabbro 352, 353, 362, 363, 365 South Atlantic, opening 3 Tamboreo 241,327, 328, 329 Southern Iapetus 57 Tamengo Formation 211 reconstruction 69 Tandilia 111 Southern Proto-Atlantic 57 Tasa Cuna Formation 261 space photographs 87, 89 Tastil 228 sponge spicules 41, 42, 89, 90 tectofacies sub-divisions 14 382 INDEX tectonic discrimination trachyandesite 93, 286 major elements 137-138 trachyte 92, 93 trace elements 138-139 transfer faults 15 tectonic discrimination diagram 117 transform faults 18, 85, 100, 219 tectonic events 44 transgression, post-rifting 17, 19 tectonic evolution, Cambrian 211-212 transpressive collision 229, 245 tectonic fields, granitoids 331, 333 transtensional separation 98, 227 tectonic overprinting 127 Trapiche Formation 21, 25, 47, 60 tectonic reworking 16 Treiorwerth Formation 64 tectonic settings, major element evidence 138 trilobites tectonic tracer model 11, 25 agnostid 41, 89 tectono-sedimentary environments 47 cladistic analysis 65 tectono-sedimentary evolution 51 correlation 57, 62 tectonothermal evolution, Sierras de C6rdoba 209-210 cyclopygid 66 tempestites 39, 41, 43 deep-water 43 tephra 112 Laurentian 14, 35 Tepuel basin 71 Olenellid 19, 38 Tera-Wasserburg plots 271, 273 Tremadoc 66, 285 terrane accretion 76 trondhjemite- 183, 185, 198, 207, terrane hypothesis 11 208 terrane limits 13 trondhjemites, Newfoundland 228 terrane map 144 Tuani Granite 352, 353 terranes, Laurentian 1 Tucavaca Group 211 Tethyan Realm 71 tufts, lapilli 128 Texas Plateau 59, 70, 71,235 turbidites 45, 50, 89, 91 Texas promontory 19, 71 framework minerals 128 Texas transform 85 geochemistry 131 Th-Pb dating Pampean 210, 285 analytical methods 266 petrography 129-131 monazites 271-272 provenance 127, 131 137 Sierras Pampeanas 267 sample descriptions 128 129 Th/U v. age plots 272 weathering 131, 137 thermal doming 19 TWEEQU program 185 thermal gradient 350 thermo-barometry 182, 308 third-order cycles 38, 39, 40, 42 U. austrodentatus Zone 108, 109 thrombolite mounds 40, 42, 90 U-Pb dates thrust-fold belt, Precordillera 12 analytical methods 266, 298 thrusting Arequipa-Antofalla craton 220 eastern Precordillera 21 Bemberg tonalite 329 Potomac orogeny 226 bentonites 85, 109 Puna 224 Chepes Granodiorite 360, 361, 362 Sierra de Pie de Palo 147, 155, 177 Eastern Basement Complex 240 Sierras de C6rdoba 185 granites 6 Tilacaric orogeny 75 Grenvillean 87, 161 TiO2 v. Fe/Mg diagram 192 igneous zircons 273 Tioga Bentonite 77 La Escalerilla granite 243 Tissintia 65, 67 monazites 271-272 Titicaca Group 71 Narvfiez 290 Tofua arc 175, 176 Pie de Palo complex 146, 163 tonalites t54, 195, 222, 241 Sierra de Fiambal/t 299, 300, 302, 312, 316 chemistry 329-330 Sierra de San Luis 241 Famatinian cycle 251,327 Sierras de C6rdoba 184, 198, 199, 202 Las Verbenas 243 Sierras Pampeanas 267, 359 Toquima-Table Head Realm xenoliths 5, 144 brachiopods 57, 62, 64, 65, 71 ultrabasics, Sierras de C6rdoba 183 passive margin 72 ultramafics 160, 162, 163 Tourmakeady Limestone 63, 64, 66, 73 in shear zones 227 130, 197 unconformity, Sauk 94, 95, 121 trace elements underplating 213 immobile 131 underthrusting 212 Los Llanos-Ulapes batholith 355 unrelated margin hypothesis 67 68 tectonic discrimination 138-139 Upper Turbidite System 128, 129 trace fossils 211 geochemistry 136 INDEX 383

Venezuelan basin 77 wedges, volcaniclastic 72 Virgiliana orogeny 229 Western Basement Complex 241,243 Virorco-Las Aguilas 229, 236, 247 western basin 37 Volcancito Formation 66, 285, 293 Western Iapetus, closure 71 volcanic aprons 96, 128 Western Sierras Pampeanas volcanic arcs 20, 68, 72 assimilation 293 Famatina System 286 Espinal Formation 283 Puna basin 127, 131,223 granitoids 122 volcanic glass Grenvillean 3, 5, 12 Fort Pefia 96 limit of Occidentalia 220 phenocrysts 113 Sierra de E1 Gigante block 253 turbidites 130 subduction and magmatism 100 volcanic islands 68, 72 whole-rock analyses, K-bentonites 118-119 volcanic vents Wilson Cycle 70 locations 117 Woods Hollow Shale 93, 94, 97, 99 marine 94 volcaniclasts 92, 93, 122, 128, 285 X-ray diffraction patterns 112 volcanism xenoliths acid 293 Grenvillean 36, 144, 220 arc type 20 Miocene lavas 5 explosive 117 Famatina System 286-288 Marathon 93 Y-Sr/Y diagram 197 Precordillera 111 Volcanosedimentary Succession zircon, Puna turbidites 130, 131 geochemistry 132--133 zircon ages Puna basin 128, 129 comparison with monazite ages 272-273 Devonian 50 wackestones 41, 42, 43 Famatinian system 95 wander path Grenvillean 5 Laurentia 57, 76 meta-bentonites 85 Precordillera 14 Sierras Pampeanas 270 water content, magmas 115, 334 zircons, cathodoquminescence images 269 water temperature, and brachiopod dispersion 59 Zonda Formation 40, 90 weathering, turbidites 131, 137, 140 Zondarella communis 98, 100 websterite 183 Zr/Sc v. Th/Sc plot 137