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Les Habitats Riverains Du Sud De La Jamésie, Québec

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Les Habitats Riverains Du Sud De La Jamésie, Québec Document generated on 10/02/2021 8:14 a.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Les habitats riverains du sud de la Jamésie, Québec Riparian Habitats in the Southern Part of the James Bay Territory, Québec Flusshabitate in der südlichen Jamésie, Québec Pierre Grondin and Jacques Ouzilleau Volume 37, Number 3, 1983 Article abstract Aspect of shorelines is generally related to superficial deposits, water level URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032522ar fluctuations and exposure to wave action. In the southern part of the James DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/032522ar Bay Territory, nine types of riparian habitats are described at the margin of rivers and lakes. This study presents a global view of their morphology, See table of contents vegetation and spatial relative importance. Main hydroseres are defined from 28 vegetation associations recognized in the territory. Some groups are related to only one shore type, while others are well distributed and belong to several Publisher(s) habitats. Riparian habitats potentials for fauna are also evaluated from field observations and a literature review. One practical aspect of this work is the Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal presentation of a photo-interpretation key of nine types of riparian habitats. With the aid of this key and field observations, cartography of these units ISSN become feasible and it is possible to determine the area covered by each type of habitat within a given territory. A regional synthesis is also presented by 0705-7199 (print) using representativity of each riparian habitat type. Field-tested, this 1492-143X (digital) classification of habitats could be transposed to any territory with comparable biophysical characteristics. Explore this journal Cite this article Grondin, P. & Ouzilleau, J. (1983). Les habitats riverains du sud de la Jamésie, Québec. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 37(3), 253–277. https://doi.org/10.7202/032522ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1983 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1983, vol. XXXVII, n° 3, p. 253-277, 14 fig., 9 tabl. dont 1 h.t. LES HABITATS RIVERAINS DU SUD DE LA JAMÉSIE, QUÉBEC Pierre GRONDIN et Jacques OUZILLEAU, Le Groupe Dryade, 642, boul. Saint-Cyrille ouest, Québec, Québec G1S 1S8. RÉSUMÉ Selon la nature des dépôts, ABSTRACT Riparian habitats in the ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Flusshabitate in l'amplitude des fluctuations d'eau an­ southern part of the James Bay Territory der sùdlichen Jamésie, Québec. Je nach nuelles et les conditions d'exposition, Québec. Aspect of shorelines is generally der Natur der Ablagerungen, der Ausdeh- l'aspect des rives se modifie. Ainsi, dans related to superficial deposits, water le­ nung der jâhrlichen Wasserspiegelvaria- la partie sud de la Jamésie, neuf «types vel fluctuations and exposure to wave ac­ tion und der Aussetzung zur Wellentà- d'habitats riverains» ont pu être mis en tion. In the southern part of the James tigkeit, veràndert sich das Aussehen der évidence en bordure des lacs et des ri­ Bay Territory, nine types of riparian habi­ Kùstenlinie. So konnten im sùdlichen vières. Cette étude donne un aperçu glo­ tats are described at the margin of rivers Teil der Jamésie neun verschiedene Ha- bal de leur morphologie, de leur végéta­ and lakes. This study presents a global bitatstypen gezeigt werden, die an Ufern tion et de leur importance relative dans view of their morphology, vegetation and von Seen und Flùssen liegen. Dièse le paysage. Elle insiste sur les principa­ spatial relative importance. Main hydro- Forschungsarbeit gibt eine allgemeine les hydrosères formées à partir des 28 seres are defined from 28 vegetation as­ Auffassung ihrer Morphologie, ihrer groupements végétaux recensés sur le sociations recognized in the territory. Vegetation und ihrer verhaltnismàssigen territoire. Certains groupements s'asso­ Some groups are related to only one Wichtigkeit in der Landschaft. Die Haup- cient à un seul type de rive alors que shore type, while others are well distribu­ thydroseren wurden aus den 28 Pflan- d'autres, très répandus, en occupent ted and belong to several habitats. Ripa­ zenverbindungen, die im Gebiet erkannt plusieurs. Un potentiel faunique approxi­ rian habitats potentials for fauna are also wurden, definiert. Gewisse Gruppier- matif, déterminé à partir des observa­ evaluated from field observations and a ungen sind mit einem bestimmten tions faites sur le terrain et de la docu­ literature review. One practical aspect of Ufertyp verbunden, wàhrend andere, mentation existante, accompagne éga­ this work is the presentation of a photo- sehr verbreitete, verschiedene Kùstenty- lement la description de chaque habitat interpretation key of nine types of ripa­ pen bewohnen. Ein annàherndes BiId riverain. Cette étude présente aussi un rian habitats. With the aid of this key and der Fauna, aus direkten Beobachtungen côté pratique puisqu'elle fournit une clé field observations, cartography of these im Forschungsgebiet und der gegebenen d'identification permettant de reconnaî­ units become feasible and it is possible Dokumentation stammend, ist ebenso tre par photo-interprétation les neuf ty­ to determine the area covered by each von einer Beschreibung der einzelnen pes d'habitats riverains retenus. À l'aide type of habitat within a given territory. A Uferhabitate begleitet. Dièse Forschung­ de cette clé et de contrôles terrestres, la regional synthesis is also presented by sarbeit hat auch eine praktische Seite, cartographie de ces unités devient réali­ using representativity of each riparian denn sie gibt einen Schlùssel zur Bestim- sable, offrant ainsi la possibilité de habitat type. Field-tested, this classifica­ mung der neun erkannten Kùstenhabitats quantifier l'espace occupé par ces mi­ tion of habitats could be transposed to Typen, durch Photointerpretation. Mit lieux dans un territoire donné. Une syn­ any territory with comparable biophysi­ Hilfe dieses Schlùssels, und Erdkontrol- thèse régionale peut par la suite être dé­ cal characteristics. len, wird die Kartographie dieser Ein- gagée sur la base de la représentativité heiten ausfùhrbar, und ergibt die de chaque type d'habitat riverain. Utili­ Môglichkeit zur Quantifikation des sée dans la partie sud de la Jamésie, Raumes, den dièse Milieux in einem cette classification pourrait être transpo­ gegebenen Territorium einnehmen. sée dans toute autre région dont les ca­ Eine régionale Synthèse kann danach ractéristiques biophysiques sont compa­ noch auf Grund der Verteilung jedes rables. Kùstenhabitat Types bestimmt werden. Hauptsàchlich im sùdlichen Teil der Jamésie benutzt, làsst sich dièse Klassi- fikation dann auch auf andere Regionen mit àhnlichen biophysischen Karakter- istiken ùbertragen. 254 P. GRONDIN et J. OUZILLEAU INTRODUCTION qu'au nord du lac Lucie. Les sections aval des rivières Rupert, Broadback et Nottaway constituent l'essentiel L'habitat riverain se définit comme la zone de transi­ du réseau hydrographique de ce secteur. La topogra­ tion entre le milieu aquatique et le milieu terrestre. phie d'ensemble demeure légèrement ondulée et une Submergé lors des crues printanières, il est pratique­ importante couverture meuble repose sur l'assise ro­ ment exondé lors de l'étiage d'été. Il occupe habituel­ cheuse. Ces dépôts comprennent un till grossier et du lement un espace linéaire sur les rebords des lacs ou matériel fluvio-glaciaire issus de la dernière déglacia­ des rivières, et sa largeur excède rarement 10 m dans le tion, un till argileux mis en place lors des récurrences sud de la Jamésie. Bien que cet habitat ne représente de Cochrane et de Rupert, des argiles varvées sédimen- qu'une portion minime de l'ensemble du territoire, il of­ tées dans les eaux profondes du lac Ojibway et diffé­ fre une diversité écologique du plus haut intérêt. En ef­ rents faciès de dépôts marins associés aux milieux va­ fet, sa configuration, loin d'être uniforme, change riés de sédimentation pendant l'épisode tyrrellien constamment au gré des conditions du milieu. La (HARDY, 1977). composition et la largeur des bandes de végétation s'ajustent en conséquence et varient d'un site à l'autre. Les hautes terres s'étendent vers l'est au-delà de À son tour, la faune apprécie certains habitats riverains 250 m d'altitude, et leur relief est ondulé ou moutonné. plus que d'autres. Au printemps, le grand brochet Dans la zone côtoyant les basses terres, les dépôts profite des herbaçaies inondées pour frayer, alors qu'un limono-argileux du lac Ojibway abondent dans les dé­ peu plus tard plusieurs espèces de canards et autres oi­ pressions. C'est là que l'on retrouve plusieurs grands seaux y nichent ou s'y nourrissent. Durant toute la sai­ lacs peu profonds, alimentés par d'importants tributai­ son de croissance, l'orignal fréquente de façon régu­ res et soumis à de fortes variations annuelles du niveau lière les zones herbacées. Par contre, les rives de blocs, d'eau. Ces fluctuations sont de l'ordre de 0,5 m pour les pauvres en ressources pour la faune, demeurent relati­ lacs Rocher, Poncheville et Kénonisca; de 1,5 m pour vement désertes. les lacs Evans, Dana, Du Tast et Giffard ; de 2 m pour les lacs Maicasagi, Chensagi et Waswanipi; et de 3,5 m Dans le sud de la Jamésie, quelques études seule­ ment ont été réalisées sur la végétation bordant les lacs pour les lacs Olga, Soscumica et Matagami (S.E.B.J., et les rivières. Elles furent effectuées par GAGNON et al. n.d.). Vers l'intérieur des terres, les dépôts glaciaires (1974) dans la partie aval de la rivière Eastmain, par deviennent omniprésents, sauf dans les vallées jon­ DURAND (1977) dans la région des rivières Nottaway, chées de dépôts fluvio-glaciaires.
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