Integrating Geo-Information Models with Participatory Approaches Applications in Land Use Analysis
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Integrating Geo-information Models with Participatory Approaches Applications in Land Use Analysis Uday Bhaskar Nidumolu Promoters: Prof. Dr. A.K. Skidmore Professor of Vegetation and Agricultural Land Use Survey International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede and Wageningen University, The Netherlands Prof. Dr. Ir. H. van Keulen Professor, Plant Research International / Group Plant Production Systems Wageningen University, The Netherlands Co-promoter: Dr. C.A.J.M. de Bie Associate Professor Department of Natural Resources International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands Examining Committee: Prof. Dr. A. K. Bregt, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Prof. Dr. A. Veldkamp, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, INCOIS, India Prof. Dr. Ir. J.D. Van der Ploeg, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Integrating Geo-information Models with Participatory Approaches Applications in Land Use Analysis Uday Bhaskar Nidumolu Thesis To fulfil the requirements for the degree of Doctor on the authority of the Rector Magnificus of Wageningen University, Prof. Dr. Ir. L. Speelman, to be publicly defended on Thursday, December 2, 2004 at 15:00 hrs in the auditorium at ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands ISBN: 90-8504-138-4 ITC Dissertation Number: 117 International Institute for Geo-information Science & Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands © 2004 Uday Bhaskar Nidumolu Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................... vii Samenvatting........................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements................................................................................................ xi 1 General Introduction....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Setting of the current study .................................................................. 1 1.2 Objective of the study............................................................................ 3 1.3 Thesis Outline......................................................................................... 3 References .............................................................................................. 5 2 Review of a Land Use Planning Programme through the Soft Systems Methodology..................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 10 2.2 IMSD ....................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM)........................................................ 14 2.3.1 Hard versus Soft Systems....................................................... 14 2.4 The SSM Review of IMSD..................................................................... 15 2.4.1 Stages 1 and 2: The Problem Expression and Rich Pictures...................................................................................... 16 2.4.2 Stage 3: The Root Definition................................................... 18 2.4.3 Stage 4: Conceptual Model.................................................... 18 2.4.4 Stage 5: Comparison of Stage 4 with Stage 2 ....................... 19 2.4.5 Stage 6: Definition of Feasible Desirable Changes.............. 21 2.4.6 Stage 7: Action to Solve the Problem Situation ................... 22 2.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 25 References ............................................................................................... 27 3 Enhancement of Area-specific Land Use Objectives for Land Development ................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 36 3.2 Study area ............................................................................................... 38 3.3 Data.......................................................................................................... 40 3.3.1 Map data................................................................................... 40 3.3.2 Field data .................................................................................. 42 3.4 Method .................................................................................................... 42 3.4.1 Analysis .................................................................................... 43 3.5 Validation of results .............................................................................. 45 3.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 52 References ............................................................................................... 53 i 4 Identifying Options to Improve Irrigated Rice Cropping Systems through Comparative Performance Analysis ............................................. 57 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 58 4.2 Study Objective ...................................................................................... 59 4.3 Study Area .............................................................................................. 59 4.4 Study Method......................................................................................... 61 4.4.1 Comparative Performance Analysis (CPA) ......................... 61 4.4.2 Field data collection ................................................................ 61 4.5 Descriptive statistics.............................................................................. 63 4.5.1 Soils ........................................................................................... 64 4.5.2 Rice variety............................................................................... 65 4.5.3 Land preparation (ploughing and puddling)...................... 66 4.5.4 Seed Rate................................................................................... 66 4.5.5 Transplanting days (with reference to January 1, 2002)..... 66 4.5.6 Fertiliser application ............................................................... 66 4.5.7 Weeding.................................................................................... 67 4.5.8 Pests and diseases.................................................................... 67 4.5.9 Water shortage......................................................................... 67 4.5.10 Date of harvesting (length of growing season) ................... 68 4.6 Multiple Regression............................................................................... 68 4.7 Yield gaps and yield constraints.......................................................... 71 4.8 Discussion and Conclusions................................................................. 71 References ............................................................................................... 73 5 Integrating Multiple Goal Linear Programming and Stakeholder Communication Matrix to generate Land Use options............................. 77 5.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 79 5.2 Study area ............................................................................................... 81 5.3 Method .................................................................................................... 83 5.3.1 The MGLP model for Pitlam Mandal ................................... 83 5.3.2 SCM development................................................................... 87 5.4 Analysing the MGLP model and the Stakeholder Communication Matrix......................................................................... 91 5.5 Discussion and Conclusions................................................................. 91 References ............................................................................................... 93 6 Fuzzy Modelling of Farmers’ Knowledge for Land Suitability Classification .................................................................................................... 103 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 104 6.2 Fuzzy modelling .................................................................................... 105 6.3 The case study area................................................................................ 108 ii 6.3.1 Background .............................................................................. 108 6.3.2 Geography and agricultural practices .................................. 109 6.3.3 Farmers’ knowledge of land suitability................................ 110 6.4 FK-based fuzzy modelling of land suitability.................................... 112 6.4.1 Generation of fuzzy factor maps ........................................... 113 6.4.2 Generation of land suitability maps...................................... 117 6.4.3 Evaluation of land suitability maps ...................................... 118 6.5 Results ..................................................................................................... 119