Baseline Assessment for Istanbul Province

Home , Aksaray, Aksaray (Istanbul Metro), Atakent, Burdur, Edirne Province, Esenler

BASELINE ASSESSMENT IN İSTANBUL PROVINCE Analysis Report

May-July 2019 The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.

IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

The maps are for illustration purposes only. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the International Organization for Migration.

For further information, please contact: MPM Turkey Email: [email protected], Website: migration.iom.int/ europe

Publisher: International Organization for Migration, Birlik Mahallesi Şehit Kurbani Akboğa Sokak, Çankaya/Ankara, Tel.: +90 (312) 454 30 00, Fax: +90 (312) 496 14 95, Email: [email protected], Website: https://turkey.iom.int/

Cover photo: Syrians in İstanbul, Turkey (© shutterstock 2017)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 4,781 interviews were conducted between 24 May and 19 July 2019. MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

CONTENT

List of Abbreviations

Introduction • REGION 1 • REGION 7 Arnavutköy Adalar Başakşehir Ataşehir Key Findings Çatalca Kadıköy Silivri Üsküdar

Background • REGION2 • REGION 8 Beylikdüzü Beykoz Büyükçekmece Çekmeköy Esenyurt Sarıyer Methodology Şile • REGION 3 Avcılar • REGION 9 Bahçelievler Sancaktepe Coverage Bakırköy Sultanbeyli Küçükçekmece Ümraniye

• REGION 4 • REGION 10 İstanbul Province Eyüpsultan Bağcılar Gaziosmanpaşa Esenler Sultangazi Güngören

DTM and MPM in Turkey • REGION 5 • REGION 11 Beşiktaş Bayrampaşa Beyoğlu Zeytinburnu Kağıthane Key Definitions • REGION 12 Şişli Fatih • REGION 6 Kartal Maltepe Pendik Tuzla

BASELINE 2

MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

BASELINE 1

1 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CSO Civil Society Organizations DGMM Directorate General of Migration Management DTM Displacement Tracking Matrix EU European Union GoT Government of the Republic of Turkey IOM International Organization for Migration IP International Protection KII Key Informant Interview LFIP Law on Foreigners and International Protection MPM Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Programme SASF1 Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation SSC2 Social Service Centres STASA South Turkestan Assistance and Solidarity Association TCG Turkish Coast Guard TP Temporary Protection TÜİK Turkish Statistical Institute

1. Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundations (SASF) are organizations established under the administration of the governorships. SASFs aim to assist people in need, including asylum-seekers and refugees, and provide them with cash assistance, non-food items and assistance for education. There are 40 SASFs operating in İstanbul. 2. Social Service Centres (SSC) are organizations that operate under the Provincial Directorates of the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Services. SSCs are responsible for identifying people in need and providing them with protective, preventive and supportive services. There are 17 SSCs operating in İstanbul.

2 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

INTRODUCTION

At present, Turkey hosts more than 4 million foreign team gathers official data on migrant presence, at nationals in its territory. The country’s central provincial and sub-provincial level, in coordination geopolitical location on the Eastern Mediterranean Sea with the DGMM. Baseline 2 focuses on collecting data Route, and its proximity to countries suffering internal on migrant presence directly from the field. During crises (e.g., Iraq, Syrian Arab Republic, Afghanistan) has this phase, the MPM team gathers data through Key placed Turkey under sustained migratory pressure. Informant1 Interview (KII) methodology, where Key To gain valuable insight into their presence, flows, Informants include both mukhtars2 and other local locations, intentions and vulnerabilities of refugees authorities in mahalles (urban) and villages (rural). and migrants living in Turkey, the International Similarly, Baseline 2 data collection also focuses on Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Migrant Presence migrant presence, but it does so at mahalle and village Monitoring Programme (MPM), part of the global levels. The results of both phases are then compared to Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), conducted identify differences which the MPM team then analyses an MPM Baseline Assessment. This Baseline tracks for further insights. For example, the Baseline provides migrant presence in Turkey and creates a database valuable insight on tracking changes in migrant mobility that enables the Government of Turkey (GoT), and identifying migrant figured per category, including humanitarian aid organizations and other migration- estimated numbers of irregular migrants. related stakeholders to understand and address the IOM’s MPM Programme, including this Baseline, is scale and complexity of the current migration flows coordinated jointly with the Directorate General to, through and within Turkey as well as the profile of of Migration Management (DGMM), the lead refugees and migrants present in the country. national agency charged with managing migration The current round of the Baseline Assessment took issues in Turkey. The methodology and operational place in İstanbul between May and July 2019, with the implementation of the MPM Programme activities engagement of 12 team leaders and 24 enumerators. are based on IOM’s DTM model which seeks to In line with the established methodology, the data improve the information management capacity and collection for Baseline Assessment consists of two aims to ensure that information and data on migrant/ phases: Baseline 1 and Baseline 2. Baseline 1 is the refugee presence are collected and corroborated in initial phase of the Baseline, during which the MPM accordance with the applicable procedures.3

1. In order to be considered a ‘key informant,’ it is essential that the respondent has good knowledge and awareness of the migrants’ population in his/her area (province, sub-province or mahalle/village 2. Mukhtars are, in the Turkish administrative system, responsible for administering the smallest administrative units which are mahalles/villages. 3. Turkey Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Situation Report, July 2019, IOM

3 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

KEY FINDINGS

Across the 39 sub-provinces of İstanbul covered by this study, Baseline 2 data suggested a presence of 1,660,395 migrants, while Baseline 1 data pointed to a total of 1,020,358. The findings below discuss the reasons for the discrepancy of 640,037 individuals found between the two datasets at the province level.

• This round of Baseline 2 found that Syrian, Afghan, Uzbek, Turkmen and Pakistani foreign nationals constitute the largest—“top five,” nationality groups in İstanbul province.

• Compared to the December 2018 Baseline 2 findings, there are now 249,760 more migrants in İstanbul. Reportedly, according to key informants and field observations, the most dramatic increase was among Uzbek and Pakistani nationals; nevertheless, the increase has been recorded across all nationalities.

• Baseline 2 findings suggest the presence of 127,163 Afghans in İstanbul province, as the mass arrival of Afghans, which started in 2018, continues. As such, Afghan presence has increased in all sub-provinces of İstanbul. • There is also a considerable rise in the number of Pakistani foreign nationals. Often, Pakistani migrants in İstanbul are young males who enter the country as irregular migrants.

• Due to a considerable increase in their numbers, Uzbek foreign nationals now constitute the third largest migrant group in İstanbul. Visa exemption in Turkey facilitates their entry into the country. However, another reason for the increase is the recent lifting of the Uzbek national travel restrictions on women aged 18–35 years. As such, there has been a significant increase in the number of Uzbek women coming to Turkey. Nevertheless, the majority of Uzbek foreign nationals coming to Turkey are still young males between 20 and 30 y.o..

• Baseline 2 findings suggest that 963,536 Syrians are present in İstanbul province, while Baseline 1 recorded a total of 601,320. Mukhtars, SASFs and SSCs noted that Syrians registered in other provinces (e.g. Gaziantep, Hatay, Şanlıurfa, Mardin and Tekirdağ) continue to come to İstanbul province.

• According to interviews with key informants, the number of job opportunities continues to be the main reason attracting foreign nationals to İstanbul.

4 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

• Foreign nationals tend to move to İstanbul because it is home to the largest foreign nationals population in Turkey, with a wide network of aid organizations and activities that provide assistance to those in need.

• The presence of already established migrant networks facilitates integration of new arrivals into the local community.

• Istanbul continues to be a transit point for people intending to continue their journey to Europe, many of which engage with smugglers to cross the border Primarily these are individuals of Afghan, Pakistani and the Syrian foreign nationals.

5 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BACKGROUND

For several years Turkey has been under high migratory pressure, due to its geopolitical location on the route from the Middle East to Europe, and the continuing crises in its neighbouring countries (e.g. Syrian Arab Syrian 90.8% Republic and Iraq). Top 4 Afghan 4.2% Nationalities Iraqi 3.5% With the Syrian crisis entering its ninth year, the Iranian 1.0% unprecedented scale of destruction inside the Syrian Other 0.4% Arab Republic’s borders forces millions of its people into continued displacement both inside and outside the country. Turkey, which shares its longest land border with the Syrian Arab Republic (approx. 822 Figure 1. Breakdown of top 4 nationality km), currently hosts nearly 3.6 million Syrians under approximately 6,500 km, Turkey plays a key role as a 1 temporary protection (TP) across all provinces . Of transit country for the migrants heading towards EU these, only 87,280 (approx. 2 per cent) reside in the countries. In 2016, approximately 390,432 refugees 11 camps located across southeast Turkey, while the and migrants, majority of them Syrian, crossed to EU remaining 97.6 per cent live in urban, peri-urban and countries by sea and land (with Greece as the first rural settings, with the majority spread across the country of arrival).5 Another 186,768 refugee and border provinces, such as Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Hatay migrant crossings to Europe were documented in 2017 and Kilis, as well as larger provinces, including İstanbul, and 144,166 in 2018 and as of July 2019, 51,887. In 2 İzmir and Bursa. addition, statistics of the Turkish Coast Guard (TCG) estimate that approx. 91,611 irregular migrants were stopped in their attempts to cross to Greece in 2015, 4 Million with another 37,130 in 2016, 21,937 in 2017, 26,678 in Migrant and Refugee 2018 and as of July 2019 18,365.6 TCG reported 4,985 Population in Turkey incidents between January 2015 and July 2019 with 648 as of July 2019 fatalities recorded at sea.7 According to the DGMM, 1,449,420 irregular migrants were recorded between January 2005 and July 2019.8 However, the numbers of irregular migrants have been increasing, especially In addition to the Syrians, Turkey hosts more than in the recent years. In comparison to the 2015 figures 300,000 asylum applicants and refugees of different (146,485), there is an increase of 19 per cent in the nationalities, including Iraqis, Afghans, Iranians and number of irregular migrants in 2016 (174,466), 20 3 migrants from a many African nations. Another per cent in 2017 (175,752) and 83 per cent in 2018 migrant category in Turkey includes migrants with (268,003).9 When the 2019 figures are considered, the residence permit (based on work, education and number of irregular migrants apprehended as of July 4 humanitarian aid) counting around 850,000. In total, has reached 187,802. In addition, as of July 2019, 4,919 through existing systems, there are more than 4 migrant smugglers have been apprehended across million refugees and migrants of different categories Turkey.10 recorded in the country. As such, the number of both newly arrived migrants With the length of maritime boundaries at and refugees into Turkey as well as those already in 1. Turkey Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Situation Report, July 2019, IOM 2. Turkey Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Situation Report, July 2019, IOM 3. Turkey Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Situation Report, July 2019, IOM 4. Turkey Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Situation Report, July 2019, IOM 5. IOM Migration Website 6. Turkish Coast Guard Statistics 7. Turkish Coast Guard Statistics 8. Directorate General of Migration Management 9. Directorate General of Migration Management 10.Turkey Migrants’ Presence Monitoring Quarterly Report, December 2018, IOM

6 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

the country, continue to be significant in terms of both humanitarian context as well as longer-term policies.

7 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

CUSTOMIZED METHODOLOGY IN İSTANBUL

Baseline 1, the initial phase of MPM’s Baseline The 12 Regions are as follows: Assessment, was conducted in all 39 sub-provinces of İstanbul in May 2019. Following, Baseline 2 took place Name of Region Name of Sub- provinces between May and July 2019 in all 39 sub-provinces and 963 mahalle, known as mahalles1, of İstanbul with the Region 1 Arnavutköy engagement of 12 team leaders and 24 enumerators. Başakşehir Çatalca Given the large population and vast urban area of Silivri İstanbul province, efficiency of the fieldwork was Region 2 Beylikdüzü facilitated by dividing the province into 12 Regions, each Büyükçekmece consisting of one to four sub-provinces. These Regions Esenyurt were formed based on two factors: Region 3 Avcılar 1. Proximity of one sub-province to another (i.e. Bahçelievler neighbouring sub-provinces were grouped Bakırköy together); and Küçükçekmece 2. The size of the migrant population in each Region 4 Eyüpsultan sub-province. Gaziosmanpaşa Sultangazi Region 5 Beşiktaş Each Region was assigned 1 team leader and 2 to 3 Beyoğlu enumerators, each of whom had previous experience Kağıthane and strong interest in the field of migration and has lived Şişli in the Region they were assigned to for an extended Region 6 Kartal period of time. Furthermore, a triple verification method Maltepe was developed for the Baseline Assessment in İstanbul Pendik with the aim of increasing accuracy, reliability and Tuzla corroboration of the collected data. In each mahalle, KIIs Region 7 Adalar primarily focused on mukhtars, who are, in the Turkish Ataşehir administrative system, responsible for administering these smallest of administrative units. Nevertheless, Kadıköy KIIs were also conducted with other key informants, in Üsküdar line with the triple verification method which dictates Region 8 Beykoz that data be collected from and cross-referenced by Çekmeköy at least three sources. Importantly, key informants Sarıyer were selected among the community members with Şile demonstrated knowledge and awareness of the migrant population in the relevant neighbourhood. As such, Region 9 Sancaktepe the key informants included local administrative units, Sultanbeyli SASFs, SSCs, Sub-provincial Directorates of National Ümraniye Education, school principals, representative of Civil Region 10 Bağcılar Society Organisations (CSOs), social workers, migrant Esenler community leaders, opinion leaders, religious leaders, Güngören and traders/shop owners. In addition, data on the total Region 11 Bayrampaşa number and nationality of foreign students was received from Sub-provincial Directorates of National Education Zeytinburnu in each sub-province and was compared with the data Region 12 Fatih collected from the key informants. Figure 2. Region and sub-provinces 1. The smallest administrative units in Turkey.

8 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

that enable the MPM team to determine each key KIIs were generally conducted in the offices of informants’s reliability and knowledge on the migrant mukhtars, who are considered to be primary sources situation in their area. During the face-to-face for the purposes of this Baseline Assessment. interview, the MPM team also explains the objective and scope of the Baseline Assessment and obtains the The KIIs are pre-planned so that the MPM team key informants’s consent to the interview. can obtain more accurate information. In addition, the questionnaire also includes several questions METHODOLOGY DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX The data is organized per province/sub-province and The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a system shows the so-called ‘top five’ nationalities among the to track and monitor the displacement and population migrants present per area. All other nationalities are mobility. It is designed to regularly and systematically grouped under the ‘other’ category. capture, process and disseminate information to provide a better understanding of the movements and During Baseline 2, the MPM team gathered data on evolving needs of displaced populations, whether on migrant presence directly from the field by conducting site or en route. KIIs in each recorded location. Unlike Baseline 1, Baseline 2 data is gathered at mahalle/village level to BASELINE ASSESSMENT ensure the necessary granularity available for analysis. In addition, Baseline 2 focused on gathering data on The Baseline Assessment consists of two phases: all migrant nationalities but does not inquire about Baseline 1 and Baseline 2. During Baseline 1, the MPM the status of the migrants. Regarding the timing of team gathered official data, recorded by DGMM and migrants’ arrival to Turkey, the data distinguishes other government agencies, on migrant presence between ‘2015 and before’ and ‘2016 and after’. across all 12 Regions1 of İstanbul province. The data is broken down according to five categories: During the analysis phase, Baseline 1 and Baseline - TP status holders, 2 datasets are compared for further insights. In this - International Protection (IP) status holders, assessment, provincial, sub-provincial and mahalle/ - Residence permit holders, village units with local authorities are taken into - Irregular migrants.2 account as administrative division units.

1. For the purposes of data collection and management, the MPM team divided Istanbul province into 12 Regions, each consisting of one to four sub- provinces, depending on the sub-province proximity to one another and the size of migrant population per sub-province. Please see other sections for more details. 2. Please see ‘Key Definitions’ section for further clarification on a specific status.

9 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

COVERAGE

Baseline 2 phase of the Baseline Assessment on in Turkey, giving an overall coverage of 1.9 per cent. migrants’ presence in İstanbul was conducted Baseline 2 engaged a total of 12 team leaders and 24 between May and July 2019. Baseline 2 assessed all 961 enumerators, whose main task was to conduct KIIs. mahalles in İstanbul, out of a total of 50,4511 mahalles As such, the MPM team interviewed 961 mukhtars and approximately 3,651 other key informants between May and July 2019.

Out of total 50,451 mahalles across Turkey, the Baseline Assessment data was collected for:

961 39 1 12 Team Leaders, Mahalles Sub-provinces Province 24 Enumerators

Map 1. Field work zones and migrant presence density map

1. According to the public records, published by the GoT. 10 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

İSTANBUL PROVINCE

Syrian Arab Afghanistan Islamic Republic Egypt Republic Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Pakistan Iraq Azerbaijan of Iran China

Figure 4. Top 10 foreign nationalities according to Baseline 2 findings

Baseline 2 findings suggest that 1,660,395 migrants According to Baseline 2 results, 43 per cent of the are present in İstanbul province, while Baseline 1 data migrants in İstanbul came to the province in 2016 and recorded a total of 1,020,358 migrants. As such, when after, while the remaining 57 per cent arrived in 2015 compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during and before. Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 640,037 more migrants in the Region. Baseline 1 data suggests that Syrian, Turkmen, Iraqi, Afghan and Iranian foreign nationals are the “top five” Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of nationalities with the highest presence (in descending migrants in İstanbul province as is evident from both order) in İstanbul, whereas Baseline 2 findings indicate Baseline 1 (601,320) and Baseline 2 (963,536) datasets. that Syrian, Afghan, Uzbek, Turkmen and Pakistani Accordingly, Syrians account for 58.9 per cent of the foreign nationals constitute the largest migrant groups. total migrant population recorded during Baseline 1 and 58 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2.

Population : 15,067,724 B1 1,020,358 1,660,395 B2 Area km2 : 5,461 Figure 3. Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures Mahalle : 961

Figure 6. General Information on Istanbul

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 601,320 58.9% 58.0% 963,536 Republic Republic 67,268 6.6% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 7.7% 127,163

35,952 3.5% Iraq Uzbekistan 5.1% 84,930

32,888 3.2% Afghanistan Turkmenistan 4.6% 76,618

282,930 27.7% Other Other 24.6% 408,148

Figure 7. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Istanbul

Syrian Arab Republic 58.6% 41.4% Iraq 23.2% 76.8% Afghanistan 9.8% 90.2% Georgia 78.5% 21.5% Iran 15.1% 84.9%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 5. Arrival date breakdown of baseline 2 top 5 nationalities for İstanbul

11 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ISTANBUL BASELINE ASSESSMENT MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE Migrants Nationalities - Phase 5 (June 2019)

Migrants Nationalities Syria

0 2 4 8 Afghanistan ´ Uzbakistan + Turkmenistan Kilometers Other

12 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ISTANBUL BASELINE ASSESSMENT MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE Migrants Nationalities - Phase 5 (June 2019)

Migrants Nationalities Syria

0 2 4 8 Afghanistan ´ Uzbakistan + Turkmenistan Kilometers Other

13 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ISTANBUL BASELINE ASSESSMENT MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE Phase 5 (June 2019) presence and difference with Phase1 (December 2018)

Migrant Presence P5 (IND) Difference between P5 and P1 (IND)

9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , , - - , , , 5 ,5 0 ,0 0 0 1 -6 - 2 6 3 - , , , -1 - 9 9 - - 1 2 5 0 0 0 9 9 1 1 - 1 - - 1 2 3 8 4 0 0 1 ´ 1 1 - - - 2 ,4 - 0 Kilometers 4 6 5 ,5 0 0 1 1 1 , - 2 ,5 5 ,5 0 0 0 1 6 2 ,0 ,0 ,0 1 5 0 0 - 1 2 © OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA

Map 3. Migrant presence in Istanbu

14 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ISTANBUL BASELINE ASSESSMENT MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE Phase 5 (June 2019) presence and difference with Phase1 (December 2018)

Migrant Presence P5 (IND) Difference between P5 and P1 (IND)

15 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

16 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

<10,000 10,001 - 25,000 25,001 - 50,000 50,001 - 100,000 >100,000

Map 4. İstanbul

17 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 1

18 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 1 Arnavutköy, Başakşehir, Çatalca, Silivri Baseline 2 findings suggest that 166,759 migrants and Baseline 2 (114,770) datasets. Accordingly, Syrians are present in Region 1 of İstanbul province, which account for 70 per cent of the total migrant population includes Arnavutköy, Başakşehir, Çatalca and Silivri recorded in Region 1 during Baseline 1 and 68.8 per sub-provinces, while Baseline 1 data recorded a total cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. of 78,562 migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveal According to Baseline 2 results, 58.6 per cent of the a discrepancy of 88,197 more migrants in the Region. migrants in Region 1 came to the Region in 2016 and after, while the remaining 41.4 per cent arrived in 2015 Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants and before. in Region 1 as is evident from both Baseline 1 (55,035)

B1 B2

78,562 166,759

Figure 8. Region 1 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 5. Region 1

19 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ARNAVUTKÖY SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 19,942 94.5% 83.9% 44,244 Republic Republic 151 0.7% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 6.4% 3,355

88 0.4% Iraq Pakistan 4.2% 2,203

54 0.3% Afghanistan Turkmenistan 1.2% 613

861 0.1% Other Other 4.4% 2,333 Figure 9. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Arnavutköy 21,096 52,748 Figure 10. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Arnavutköy Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Esenyurt sub-provinces of İstanbul due to low rent Baseline 2 findings suggest that 52,748 migrants are prices and job opportunities in various areas, including present in Arnavutköy sub-province, while Baseline construction, local factories, recycling, textiles, 1 data recorded a total of 21,096 migrants. As such, agriculture and animal husbandry in the sub-province. when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected During Baseline 2 in Arnavutköy sub-province, key during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 31,652 more informants interviewed about Afghan and Pakistani migrants in the sub-province. foreign nationals, reported that their presence had increased over the past two years. It was stated Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of that most are present in the sub-province without migrants in Arnavutköy sub-province as is evident registration and prefer the sub-province due to from both Baseline 1 (19,942) and Baseline 2 (44,244) its location far from the city centre, rural structure datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 94.5 per and scattered settlements. As mentioned by many cent total migrant population recorded in the sub- informants, Arnavutköy sub-province is a transit point, province during Baseline 1 and 83.9 per cent of that especially for Afghan and Pakistani foreign nationals; recorded during Baseline 2. those who save enough money attempt to cross to Europe through Edirne province. Some key informants According to Baseline 2 results, 56.1 per cent of the noted the presence of refugee houses where smugglers migrants in Arnavutköy came to the sub-province assemble irregular migrants before transporting them in 2016 and after, while the remaining 43.9 per cent into Europe. arrived in 2015 and before. Interviews held with mukhtars and SASF in the sub- Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province province suggested that İstanbul Airport, located within the boundaries of the sub-province and According to the information obtained through became operational in April 2019, greatly affected the interviews conducted with mahalle mukhtars, migrant mobility in the sub-province. The preference Provincial Directorate of National Education, SSC, of the mahalles in close proximity to the airport as SASF, the Municipality and Migrant Health Centres, a major part of the migrant presence in Arnavutköy sub- Population : 270,549 province constitutes of Syrian nationals. Many of the 2 newcomers have relatives in the sub-province, which Area km : 506,5 is the most important factor leading to an increase Mahalle : 38 in their population. Additionally, Arnavutköy sub- province has seen an influx of Syrians from Bağcılar, Figure 11. General Information on Arnavutköy Fatih, Zeytinburnu, Küçükçekmece, Sultangazi and

20 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 6. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Arnavutköy residence by the people working at the airport and therefore the increasing rent prices have forced migrants living in these mahalles to move to other mahalles in the sub-province. It was also stated that the Nepalese foreign nationals who were reported to be working in the construction of the airport during the Baseline 2 carried out in the sub-province in October- December 2018 period are no longer present in the sub-province.

Syrian Arab Republic 49.5% 50.5% Afghanistan 4.5% 95.5% Pakistan 7.5% 92.5% Turkmenistan 18.3% 81.7% Egypt 24.7% 75.3%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 12. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Arnavutköy

21 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BAŞAKŞEHİR SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 32,705 61.2% 61.8% 66,234 Republic Republic 3,196 6.0% Iraq Egypt 4.4% 4,745 Iraq 2,987 5.6% Egypt 3.7% 4,017

1,626 3.0% Libya Saudi Arabia 3.5% 3,736

12,924 24.2% Other Other 26.6% 28,471 Figure 13. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Başakşehir 53,438 107,203 Figure 14. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Başakşehir Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets migrants due to its cosmopolitan structure and its Baseline 2 findings suggest that 107,203 migrants are low rents due to ongoing urbanization; this allows present in Başakşehir sub-province, while Baseline 1 people from many backgrounds to come together. data recorded a total of 53,438 migrants. As such, Many of the migrants attract other migrants to certain when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected mahalles for settlement due to family relations and during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 53,765 more friends. Information obtained through interviews with migrants in the sub-province. SSC, SASF, the Municipality, District Governorship, District Police Directorate, CSOs active in the sub- Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants province, mukhtars and other key informants indicates in Başakşehir sub-province as is evident from both that there has been an increase in the population of Baseline 1 (32,705) and Baseline 2 (66,234) datasets. Syrian, Saudi, Russian, Uzbek, Iranian, Iraqi, Egyptian, Accordingly, Syrians account for 61.2 per cent of the Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Libyan, Yemeni, Palestinian, Afghan total migrant population recorded in the sub-province and Chinese foreign nationals; an influx of migrants during Baseline 1 and 61.8 per cent of that recorded from the sub-provinces of Küçükçekmece, Esenyurt, during Baseline 2. Arnavutköy, Güngören, Bağcılar, Esenler, Sultangazi and Fatih to Başakşehir was also recorded. Arabs According to Baseline 2 results, 59 per cent of the prefer Başakşehir sub-province due to a large Arab migrants in Başakşehir came to the sub-province in community in the sub-province and the availability to 2016 and after, while the remaining 41 per cent arrived import and export goods through various networks. in 2015 and before. Key informants stated that there are migrants moving from Başakşehir sub-province to Avcılar and Bakırköy Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province sub-provinces as well as those moving from Esenyurt sub-province to Başakşehir although a few in number. It is noted that Başakşehir sub-province is one of the Similarly, there is also a migrant flow from Başakşehir multi-cultural sub-provinces and is home to many to Esenyurt sub-province. migrants. Reportedly, Başakşehir is preferred by the

Population : 427,835

Area km2 : 104,3

Mahalle : 10

Figure 15. General Information on Başakşehir

22 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 7. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Başakşehir

Syrian Arab Republic 38.2% 61.8% Egypt 44.3% 55.7% Iraq 58.9% 41.1% Saudi Arabia 56.7% 43.3% Kuwait 69.7% 30.3%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after

Figure 16. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Başakşehir

23 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ÇATALCA SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 336 52.3% 43.0% 419 Republic Republic 56 8.7% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 22.0% 214

10 1.6% Iraq Turkmenistan 8.6% 84

9 1.4% Afghanistan Uzbekistan 7.2% 70

231 36.0% Other Other 19.2% 187 Figure 17. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Çatalca 642 974 Figure 18. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Çatalca Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages

Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets 2015 and before.

Baseline 2 findings suggest that 974 migrants are Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province present in Çatalca sub-province, while Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 642 migrants. As such, when Baseline 2 findings suggest that Çatalca sub-province compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during is home to the third smallest migrant population and Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 332 more migrants to one of the smallest local inhabitants in İstanbul. in the sub-province. The sub-province is located far from the city centre and primarily consists of rural agricultural areas; it Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants therefore has limited job opportunities, which make in Çatalca as is evident from both Baseline 1 (336) and it an unattractive sub-province for foreign nationals. Baseline 2 (419) datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account Syrian and Afghan foreign nationals who were found for 52.3 per cent of the total migrant population to constitute more than half of the total migrant recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1 and 43 population in the sub-province work in agriculture and per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. animal husbandry or reside in the sub-province due to low rent prices, which allows them to commute to According to Baseline 2 results, 79.8 per cent of the Silivri, Büyükçekmece and Arnavutköy sub-provinces migrants in Çatalca came to the sub-province in 2016 on a daily basis to work as casual labourers. and after, while the remaining 20.2 per cent arrived in

Population : 72,966

Area km2 : 1,115.5

Mahalle : 39

Figure 19. General Information on Çatalca

24 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 8. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Çatalca

Syrian Arab Republic 22.7% 77.3% Afghanistan 2.3% 97.7% Turkmenistan 29.8% 70.2% Uzbekistan 37.1% 62.9% Azerbaijan 58.8% 41.2%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 20. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Çatalca

25 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

SİLİVRİ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 2,052 60.6% 66.4% 3,873 Republic Republic 134 4.0% Turkmenistan China 15.0% 875

41 1.2% Afghanistan Afghanistan 4.0% 233 Islamic Republic 35 1.0% of Iran Uzbekistan 2.0% 118 1,124 33.2% Other Other 12.6% 735 Figure 21. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Silivri 3,386 5,834 Figure 22. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Silivri Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets and diverse economic activities. Mukhtars, SASF, the Baseline 2 findings suggest that 5,834 migrants are Municipality and local CSOs who were interviewed present in Silivri sub-province, while Baseline 1 data reported that the migrants can find jobs in various recorded a total of 3,386 migrants. As such, when areas like factories, constructions, textile mills, compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during restaurants, domestic sector or agriculture and animal Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 2,448 more migrants husbandry. Silivri is also a holiday destination with an in the sub-province. increased population and economic activity during the summer, which leads to a seasonal increase in migrant Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of presence in the sub-province. In addition, it was also migrants in Silivri sub-province is evident from both reported that there are migrants coming from the Baseline 1 (2,052) and Baseline 2 (3,873) datasets. neighbouring sub-provinces on a daily basis to work Accordingly, Syrians account for 60.6 per cent of the as casual labourers. total migrant population recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1 and 66.4 per cent of that recorded The largest migrant group in the sub-province after during Baseline 2. Syrian are Chinese foreign nationals coming from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Silivri According to Baseline 2 results, 72.6 per cent of the sub-province is home to the largest Chinese foreign migrants in Silivri came to the sub-province in 2016 nationals after Zeytinburnu, Küçükçekmece, Fatih and and after, while the remaining 27.4 per cent arrived in Basaksehir sub-provinces; most are now settled in 2015 and before. Selimpasa mahalle of the sub-province. Recently, there has been an influx of migrants from Zeytinburnu and Küçükçekmece to Silivri due to financial difficulties. Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Accordingly, it was noted that the Uyghur population in the sub-province, who have a strong connection Although Silivri sub-province is similar to Çatalca sub- and solidarity through an association they established, province in terms of its location far from the city centre is increasing. and large rural areas, it is home to a larger migrant population due to its more extensive residential areas Population : 187,621 Area km2 : 860,5

Mahalle : 35

Figure 23. General Information on Silivri

26 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 9. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Silivri

Syrian Arab Republic 27.4% 72.6% China 47.4% 52.6% Afghanistan 0% 100% Uzbekistan 22.9% 77.1% Turkmenistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 24. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Silivri

27 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 2

28 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 2 Beylikdüzü, Büyükçekmece, Esenyurt Baseline 2 findings suggest that 248,220 migrants and Baseline 2 (140,517) datasets. Accordingly, are present in Region 2 of İstanbul province, which Syrians account for 50.4 per cent of the total migrant includes Beylikdüzü, Büyükçekmece and Esenyurt population recorded in Region 2 during Baseline 1 and sub-provinces, while Baseline 1 data recorded a total 56.6 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. of 150,626 migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveal According to Baseline 2 results, 41.1 per cent of the a discrepancy of 97,594 more migrants in the Region. migrants in Region 2 came to the Region in 2016 and after, while the remaining 58.9 per cent arrived in 2015 Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants and before. in Region 2 as is evident from both Baseline 1 (75,975)

B1 B2

150,626 248,220

Figure 25. Region 2 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 10. Region 2

29 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BEYLİKDÜZÜ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 5,221 26.7% Afghanistan 37.2% 8,302 Republic Syrian Arab 4,795 24.5% Republic Afghanistan 24.0% 5,354 1,478 7.6% Iraq Turkmenistan 5.1% 1,136 Islamic Republic Islamic Republic 1,198 6.1% 5.0% 1,115 of Iran of Iran 6,872 35.1% Other Other 28.7% 6,398 Figure 26. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beylikdüzü 19,564 22,305 Figure 27. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beylikdüzü Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Baseline 2 suggests that there are 22,305 migrants According to Baseline 2 results, 76.8 per cent of the present in Beylikdüzü sub-province, while Baseline 1 migrants in Beylikdüzü came to the sub-province in data recorded a total of 19,564 migrants. As such, 2016 and after while the remaining 23.2 per cent came Baseline 2 findings, when compared to those from to the sub-province in 2015 and before. Baseline 1, reveal a discrepancy of 2,741 more migrants in the sub-province. Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province

Afghans constituted the largest migrant group with in The mukhtars, SSC and SASF staff who were Beylikdüzü sub-province as is evident from Baseline interviewed during Baseline 2 conducted in Beylikdüzü 1 datasets (5,221). Accordingly, Afghan nationals sub-province stated that the Syrian population in the make up 26.7 per cent of the migrant population sub-province has remained unchanged during the registered in the sub-province. However, as is evident previous few months, while there has been an increase from Baseline 2 datasets, Syrian nationals constitute in the number of Afghan foreign nationals. The the largest migrant group in the sub-province (8,302) increasing presence of the Afghan foreign nationals and there are only 5,354 Afghans in the sub-province. is part of an ongoing trend across İstanbul. The job Accordingly, Syrians make up 37.2 per cent of the opportunities in Beylikdüzü Organized Industrial Zone migrant population recorded in Baseline 2, while also makes Beylikdüzü sub-province one of the most Afghan foreign nationals account for 24 per cent of attractive sub-provinces for Afghan foreign nationals. this population.

Population : 331,525

Area km2 : 11,16

Mahalle : 10

Figure 28. General Information on Beylikdüzü

30 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 11. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beylikdüzü

Syrian Arab Republic 27.7% 72.3% Afghanistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 64.8% 35.2% Islamic Republic of Iran 39.9% 60.1% Iraq 23.2% 76.8%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 29. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beylikdüzü

31 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BÜYÜKÇEKMECE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 3,486 40.8% 42.7% 5,005 Republic Republic Islamic Republic 675 7.9% Turkmenistan 11.5% 1,351 of Iran 643 7.5% Afghanistan Afghanistan 11.2% 1,309

566 6.6% Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 8.8% 1,029

3,176 37.2% Other Other 25.8% 3,016 Figure 30. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Büyükçekmece 8,546 11,710 Figure 31. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Büyükçekmece Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Baseline 2 findings suggest that 11,710 migrants are present in Büyükçekmece sub-province, while Baseline According to the information obtained through 1 data recorded a total of 8,546 migrants. As such, the interviews with the mukhtars, SASF and SSC in when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected Büyükçekmece sub-province, the migrant profile during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 3,164 more in the sub-province consists of migrants working in migrants in the sub-province. domestic services employed be families of high income level. Key informants also emphasized that the migrant Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of population increases in summer, similar to Silivri sub- migrants in Büyükçekmece sub-province as is evident province, due to its location on the coast of Marmara from both Baseline 1 (3,486) and Baseline 2 (5,005) Sea. As such, this round of Baseline 2 revealed a higher datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 40.8 per migrant presence in the sub-province compared to cent of the total migrant population recorded in the that in October-December 2018 period. It was also sub-province during Baseline 1 and 42.7 per cent of stated that the migrant presence remains at a low level that recorded during Baseline 2. except for summer, since the housing options mostly include villas with high rent prices and summer houses According to Baseline 2 results, 63 per cent of the and the job opportunities are fewer than those in other migrants in Büyükçekmece came to the sub-province sub-provinces. In addition to this, it was reported that in 2016 and after, while 37 per cent arrived in 2015 there has been an increase in the number of Turkmen and before. and Uzbek foreign nationals in the sub-province due to the need for more workforce for domestic services at high-rise apartment buildings and villas.

Population : 247,736

Area km2 : 181.5

Mahalle : 24

Figure 32. General Information on Büyükçekmece

32 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 12. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Büyükçekmece

Syrian Arab Republic 45.5% 54.5% Turkmenistan 55.1% 44.9% Afghanistan 15.6% 84.4% Uzbekistan 39.8% 60.2% Islamic Republic of Iran 71.6% 28.4% 100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 33. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Büyükçekmece

33 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ESENYURT SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 67,694 55.3% 59.4% 127,210 Republic Republic Islamic Republic Islamic Republic 7,482 6.1% 4.0% 8,669 of Iran of Iran 6,668 5.4% Turkmenistan Egypt 4.0% 8,575

6,290 5.1% Iraq Iraq 3.9% 8,452

34,382 28.1% Other Other 28.6% 61,299 Figure 34. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Esenyurt 122,516 214,205 Figure 35. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Esenyurt Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets per cent of Iranians, 39 per cent of Egyptians, 21.5 per Baseline 2 findings suggest that 214,205 migrants are cent of Iraqis, 38 per cent of Saudis, 23.5 per cent of present in Esenyurt sub-province, while Baseline 1 Libyans, 46.1 per cent of Yemeni and 66.7 per cent of data recorded a total of 122,516 migrants. As such, Qataris. In other words, the is the sub-province where when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected the highest presence of all these nationalities has been during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 91,689 more recorded. migrants in the sub-province. Mukhtars across the sub-province stated that Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of Esenyurt sub-province is preferred by migrants of migrants in Esenyurt sub-province as is evident from different nationalities due to its location far from both Baseline 1 (67,694) and Baseline 2 (127,210) the city centre as well as being an area in which datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 55.3 per settlement has just started and offering low cost cent of the total migrant population recorded in the housing options and job opportunities for migrants of sub-province during Baseline 1 and 59.4 per cent of different nationalities. The information obtained from that recorded during Baseline 2. the opinion leaders, SSC and SASF in the sub-province indicates that there has been a massive migrant flow According to Baseline 2 results, 36.1 per cent of the in the last 2 years from different sub-provinces of migrants in Esenyurt came to the sub-province in İstanbul and other provinces of Turkey to Esenyurt. 2016 and after, while 63.9 per cent arrived in 2015 The information obtained through the interviews with and before. the key informants across the sub-province and the field observations carried out by MPM team suggest that there was a decrease in the migrant presence Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province in the sub-province in the first half of 2019. A drop in the figure for Syrians living in Bağlarçeşme, Fatih, Esenyurt sub-province, where migrants of more than 90 Üçevler, Talatpaşa and Yeşilkent mahalles, which are nationalities were recorded to be living, is home to the especially populated by a large number of Syrians, was largest migrant population in İstanbul province. Over the years, the migrant population in the sub-province Population : 891,120 has increased in parallel with the social network that 2 the migrant populations of different nationalities Area km : 57.0 coming to the sub-province established. Regarding the Mahalle : 43 largest migrant groups in the sub-province based on Baseline 2 datasets, 13.2 per cent of all the Syrians in Figure 36. General Information on Esenyurt İstanbul live in Esenyurt sub-province, followed by 30.7

34 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 13. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Esenyurt recorded in comparison to the results from Baseline Syrian families aim to become less visible by moving to 2 conducted in October-December 2018 period. The mahalles where Syrian population is less visible while mukhtars interviewed in these mahalles reported some others prefer moving to neighbouring sub- that the main reason behind this lies in the recently provinces such as Başakşehir, Arnavutköy and Esenler. escalating tension between the local people and Syrians Additionally, some key informants argued that there and the conflicts arising from the cultural differences. are some Syrians leaving the sub-province due to the In parallel to this, it was also stated that some of the decreasing assistance provided to them.

Syrian Arab Republic 90.2% 9.8% Islamic Republic of Iran 45.6% 54.4% Egypt 17.4% 82.6% Iraq 23.5% 76.5% Afghanistan 38.5% 61.8%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 37. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Esenyurt

35 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 3

36 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 3 Avcılar, Bahçelievler, Bakırköy, Küçükçekmece Baseline 2 findings suggest that 168,857 migrants are and Baseline 2 (110,189) datasets. Accordingly, present in Region 3 of İstanbul province, which includes Syrians account for 58.5 per cent of the total migrant Avcılar, Bahçelievler, Bakırköy and Küçükçekmece population recorded in Region 3 during Baseline 1 and sub-provinces, while Baseline 1 data recorded a total 65.3 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. of 162,082 migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveal According to Baseline 2 results, 32.6 per cent of a discrepancy of 6,775 more migrants in the Region. migrants in Region 3 came to the Region in 2016 and after, while 67.4 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants in Region 3 as is evident from both Baseline 1 (94,825)

B1 B2

162,082 168,857

Figure 38. Region 3 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 14. Region 3

37 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

AVCILAR SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 25,479 55.9% 62.1% 30,021 Republic Republic 5,952 13.0% Turkmenistan Iraq 10.0% 4,482

4,561 10.0% Iraq Turkmenistan 7.1% 3,453 Islamic Republic 812 1.8% 2.4% 1,178 of Iran Uzbekistan 8,811 19.3% Other Other 18.3% 8,829 Figure 39. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Avcılar 45,615 48,323 Figure 40. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Avcılar Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets countrymen in these mahalles and the low cost of rents Baseline 2 suggests that 48,323 migrants are present in are the main reasons behind this situation. Baseline 1 Avcılar sub-province, while Baseline 1 data recorded a datasets suggest an increase in the number of Turkmen total of 45,615 migrants. As such, when compared to foreign nationals registered in the sub-province and Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveal a Baseline 2 reveals that these people accommodate in discrepancy of 2,708 less migrants in the sub-province. the houses they are employed at in sub-provinces such as Bakırköy and Kadıköy where income level of people Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of is higher, even if they are registered in Avcılar. migrants in Avcılar sub-province as is evident from both The managers of housing estates and real estate agents Baseline 1 (25,479) and Baseline 2 (30,021) datasets. who were interviewed reported that Iraqi, Kuwaiti, Accordingly, Syrians account for 55.9 per cent of the Qatari and Saudi Arabian foreign nationals buy houses total migrant population recorded in the sub-province in Denizköşkler and Ambarlı mahalles located by during Baseline 1 and 62.1 per cent of that recorded the seaside and spend their summer in Avcılar sub- during Baseline 2. province.

According to Baseline 2 results, 37 per cent of the The mukhtars interviewed often stated that the Syrian migrants in Avcılar came to the sub-province in 2016 and Iraqi foreign nationals with low income levels and after, while 63 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. are not accepted by the residents of the apartment buildings; therefore, there are frequent changes in the residences between mahalles. It was reported that Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province these people continue to come to the sub-province on a regular basis, although they occasionally have Baseline 2 in Avcılar sub-province found that half of problems with the host community, since the rents the migrant population in the sub-province reside are affordable, considering the social conditions of the in Yeşilkent and Tahtakale mahalles. The District sub-province, and there is no problem with finding a Governorship, Municipality and SASF interviewed job in the sub-province. reported that the informal relationship networks of foreign nationals based the relations with fellow Population : 435,625 Area km2 : 42.0

Mahalle : 10

Figure 41. General Information on Avcılar

38 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 15. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Avcılar

Syrian Arab Republic 99.6% 0.4% Iraq 0% 100% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Other 0% 100% Uzbekistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 42. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Avcılar

39 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BAHÇELİEVLER SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 22,255 49.9% 65.6% 29,899 Republic Republic 5,599 12.6% Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 5.6% 2,558

4,890 11.0% Egypt Iraq 3.3% 1,487

1,508 3.4% Iraq Georgia 3.1% 1,415

10,309 23.1% Other Other 22.5% 10,244 Figure 43. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bahçelievler 44,561 45,603 Figure 44. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bahçelievler Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets especially those registered in Gaziantep, Mardin and Baseline 2 findings suggest that 45,603 migrants are Hatay provinces came to İstanbul to settle in the sub- present in Bahçelievler sub-province, while Baseline province. It was also reported that their movement 1 data recorded a total of 44,561 migrants. As such, to the sub-province has continued in recent months. when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected It was found that the sub-province is preferred since during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 1,042 more the textile mills in Doğu Industrial Zone and mahalles migrants in the sub-province. offer employment to foreign nationals and the house rents are low. Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants in Bahçelievler sub-province as is evident from both Baseline 1 datasets indicate a significant increase in Baseline 1 (22,255) and Baseline 2 (29,899) datasets. the number of registered Turkmen foreign nationals Accordingly, Syrians account for 49.9 per cent of the in Bahçelievler as it happens in Avcılar sub-province. total migrant population recorded in the sub-province It was found by Baseline 2 that most of these people during Baseline 1 and 65.6 per cent of that recorded accommodate in the houses they work at in sub- during Baseline 2. provinces such as Bakırköy and Kadıköy where people with high income level live. According to Baseline 2 results, 36.7 per cent of the migrants in Bahçelievler came to the sub-province in The mahalle mukhtars and shopkeepers who were 2016 and after, while 63.3 per cent arrived in 2015 interviewed reported that the presence of Iraqis has and before. increased steadily during the previous six months. The reason behind this was their intention to create Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province a community, along with the Egyptian nationals, who had also been coming to the sub-province in increasing In the interview with SASF, the staff noted that the numbers. The Iraqi and Egyptian foreign national assistance provided to Syrians was in the process of presence recorded in Şirinevler and Hürriyet mahalles re-evaluation and some of it was suspended, based on supports this opinion. the changing needs of the families. This was referred to as the reason behind the recently decreasing Syrian Population : 594,053 population in the sub-province. An interview with SSC 2 and the Municipality revealed that many Syrian nationals Area km : 16.7 Mahalle : 11

Figure 45. General Information on Bahçelievler

40 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 16. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bahçelievler

Syrian Arab Republic 80.5% 19.5% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Iraq 12.7% 87.3% Georgia 79.5% 20.5% Afghanistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 46. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bahçelievler

41 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BAKIRKÖY SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 2,475 Turkmenistan 2,699 29.1% Republic 33.2% Islamic Republic 1,100 12.9% of Iran Uzbekistan 15.5% 1,261 Islamic Republic 1,036 12.2% Turkmenistan 10.1% 820 of Iran Syrian Arab 487 5.7% Iraq 9.7% 790 Republic 3,406 40.1% Other Other 31.5% 2,560 Figure 47. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bakırköy 8,504 8,130 Figure 48. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bakırköy Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages

Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province

Baseline 2 findings suggest that 8,130 migrants are Baseline 2 findings suggest that Bakırköy is the sub- present in Bakırköy sub-province, while Baseline 1 province with the smallest migrant population in Region data recorded a total of 8,504 migrants. As such, when 3. Mukhtars and other key informants stated that the compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during residents of the sub-province are mostly people with Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 374 less migrants in high socioeconomic status, and they are not open to the sub-province. new arrivals from the outside. Fieldwork revealed that the migrant profile in Bakırköy sub-province is also According to Baseline 1 dataset, Syrian nationals different from the other sub-provinces in the Region. constitute the largest group of migrants in Bakırköy sub- SASF staff interviewed reported that the number of province (2,475 individuals). This figure accounts for Syrian nationals with low income levels decreased due 29.1 per cent of the total migrant population recorded to high rents in the sub-province and the selective in the sub-province during Baseline 1. However, attitude of landlords towards the migrants. It was according to Baseline 2 results, Turkmen constitute stated that the Iranian and Libyan foreign nationals in the largest migrant group (2,699 individuals), while the sub-province have companies and real properties only 790 are Syrian nationals. This figure accounts for in Turkey, therefore have high economic status with 33.2 per cent of the total migrant population recorded better living standards. The managers of housing in the sub-province during Baseline 2. estates and mukhtars who were interviewed reported that Turkmen and Uzbek foreign nationals are Regarding migrant arrival, Baseline 2 found that 58.6 employed as domestic workers in almost any luxury per cent of the migrants in Bakırköy came to the sub- villas and housing estates and that most of them have province in 2016 and after, while 41.4 per cent arrived come from sub-provinces such as Zeytinburnu, Avcılar, in 2015 and before. Esenyurt and Bahçelievler to Bakırköy.

Population : 220,668

Area km2 : 29.2

Mahalle : 15

Figure 49. General Information on Bakırköy

42 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 17. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bakırköy

Turkmenistan 31.2% 68.8% Uzbekistan 20.6% 79.4% Islamic Republic of Iran 18.9% 81.1% Syrian Arab Republic 86.7% 13.3% Iraq 5.3% 94.7%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 50. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bakırköy

43 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 44,616 70.4% 74.1% 49,479 Republic Republic 3,794 6.0% Turkmenistan China 7.6% 5,059 Azerbaijan 1,925 3.0% Turkmenistan 3.7% 2,469 Islamic Republic 1,480 2.3% Afghanistan 2.6% 1,728 of Iran 11,587 18.3% Other Other 12.1% 8,066 Figure 51. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Küçükçekmece

63,402 66,801 Figure 52. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Küçükçekmece Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets nationals prefer the sub-province since it is located in Baseline 2 findings suggest that 66,801 migrants are close proximity to the industrial zone, which offers many present in Küçükçekmece sub-province, while Baseline job opportunities for those living in Küçükçekmece. 1 data recorded a total of 63,402 migrants. As such, The low cost of house rents was also a reason behind when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected the preference. It was stated that the Syrian nationals during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 3,399 more in the sub-province have integrated into the life with migrants in the sub-province. the host community due to the similarities in culture and language, as a result of which their population in Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants the sub-province has increased much faster. It was also in Küçükçekmece sub-province as is evident from both reported that they have created a wide shopkeeper Baseline 1 (44,616) and Baseline 2 (49,479) datasets. network by setting up their own shops. Accordingly, Syrians account for 70.4 per cent of the Baseline 2 findings suggest that Küçükçekmece sub- total migrant population recorded in the sub-province province is home to the second largest Chinese during Baseline 1 and 74.1 per cent of that recorded community, most of whom come from the Xinjiang during Baseline 2. Uyghur Autonomus Region of China, after Zeytinburnu sub-province. East Turkistan Association of Immigrants According to Baseline 2 results, 23.5 per cent of the staff and the shopkeepers who were interviewed migrants in Küçükçekmece came to the sub-province reported that the presence of Uyghurs, who escaped in 2016 and after, while 76.5 per cent arrived in 2015 from China due to the pressures on them, is increasing. and before. It was recorded that their population is higher than the Syrians especially in Sefaköy town which includes Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Fevzi Çakmak, Kemalpaşa, Sultanmurat and Tevfikbey mahalles. The key informant interviewed in the Information obtained through the fieldwork conducted Association stated that there is a correlation between by MPM field staff in Küçükçekmece sub-province the increasing presence in an area and the amount of suggests that four out of five foreign nationals, who financial donations to such associations. were found to be living in Turkey, are Syrians. The key informants interviewed reported that the Syrian Population : 770,317 Area km2 : 37.8

Mahalle : 21

Figure 53. General Information on Küçükçekmece

44 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 18. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Küçükçekmece

Syrian Arab Republic 93.3% 6.7% China 39.5% 60.5% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Afghanistan 0% 100% Uzbekistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 54. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Küçükçekmece

45 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 4

46 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 4 Eyüpsultan, Gaziosmanpaşa, Sultangazi Baseline 2 findings suggest that 164,408 migrants and Baseline 2 (121,429) datasets. Accordingly, are present in Region 4 of İstanbul province, which Syrians account for 84.1 per cent of the total migrant includes Eyüpsultan, Gaziosmanpaşa and Sultangazi population recorded in Region 4 during Baseline 1 and sub-provinces, while Baseline 1 data recorded a total 73.9 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. of 88,168 migrants. When compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of According to Baseline 2 results, 49.2 per cent of the 76,240 more migrants in the Region. migrants in Region 4 came to the Region in 2016 and after, while the remaining 50.8 per cent arrived in 2015 Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants and before. in Region 4 as is evident from both Baseline 1 (74,190)

B1 B2

88,168 164,408

Figure 55. Region 4 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 19. Region 4

47 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

EYÜPSULTAN SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 11,109 68.3% 70.8% 20,736 Republic Republic 617 3.8% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 6.9% 2,021

488 3.0% Iraq Pakistan 5.5% 1,610 Islamic Republic 219 1.3% 3.5% 1,019 of Iran Uzbekistan 3,833 23.6% Other Other 13.3% 3,888 Figure 56. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Eyüpsultan 16,266 29,274 Figure 57. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Eyüpsultan Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets where people with high income level live and which is Baseline 2 findings suggest that 29,274 migrants are composed of housing estates, the migrant profile is of present in Eyüpsultan sub-province, while Baseline 1 the people coming from Western or Gulf countries. data recorded a total of 16,266 migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected A major part of the discrepancy of 13,008 migrants during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 13,008 more between the datasets of Baseline 1 and Baseline migrants in the sub-province. 2 is constituted by the Syrian and Afghan nationals. Mukhtars, SASF manager and SSC officials who Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants were interviewed stated that the migrants prefer in Eyüpsultan sub-province as is evident from both the sub-province due to transport facilities, the low Baseline 1 (11,109) and Baseline 2 (20,736) datasets. socioeconomic status of the local people, affordability Accordingly, Syrians account for 68.3 per cent of the of the cost of rents, the helpful attitude of the local total migrant population recorded in the sub-province people towards the migrants and the abundance of during Baseline 1 and 70.8 per cent of that recorded the job opportunities. It was also reported that there during Baseline 2. have been migrants coming to the sub-province after the removal of shanties in Eskihabipler mahalle in According to Baseline 2 results, 45 per cent of the Sultangazi sub-province. migrants in Eyüpsultan came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, while 55 per cent arrived in 2015 and The information obtained through the interviews before. conducted with mukhtars suggests that Afghan and Pakistani nationals work in collecting paper and scrap, construction sector, bakeries in Mimar Sinan mahalle Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province and animal husbandry in the mahalles such as Ağaçlı, Akpınar and Işıklar which are located in the rural part Baseline 2 in Eyüpsultan sub-province reveals that of the sub-province. Accordingly, it was stated that demographic structures, cultures and socioeconomic their presence in the sub-province is increasing. statuses differ from a mahalle to another due to the large area the sub-province covers. These differences Population : 383,909 between mahalles also determines the migrant profile 2 in each mahalle. As such, Syrian and Afghan foreign Area km : 242.0 nationals who work in agriculture and animal husbandry Mahalle : 28 live in the rural areas located to the north of the sub- province, while there are various nationalities living Figure 58. General Information on Eyüpsultan in central mahalles. In the mahalles such as Göktürk

48 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 20. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Eyüpsultan

Syrian Arab Republic 59.2% 40.8% Afghanistan 8.8% 91.2% Pakistan 18.0% 82.0% Uzbekistan 77.6% 22.4% Azerbaijan 97.0% 3.0%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 59. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Eyüpsultan

49 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

GAZİOSMANPAŞA SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 21,319 78.2% 72.4% 37,362 Republic Republic 2,230 8.2% Azerbaijan Pakistan 7.1% 3,665

639 2.3% Turkmenistan Azerbaijan 6.5% 3,377

437 1.6% Libya Afghanistan 6.3% 3,231

2,627 9.6% Other Other 7.7% 3,978 Figure 60. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Gaziosmanpaşa 27,252 51,613 Figure 61. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Gaziosmanpaşa Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages

Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets conducted with the mukhtars and shopkeepers Baseline 2 findings suggest that 51,613 migrants are suggests that transport facilities, affordable rent present in Gaziosmanpaşa sub-province, while Baseline prices, job opportunities and similarity with the host 1 data recorded a total of 27,252 migrants. As such, community in terms of income levels gave rise to the when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected high Syrian population in the sub-province. Baseline 2 during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 24,361 more findings suggest that two out of every three foreign migrants in the sub-province. nationals present in the sub-province are of Syrian origin, which proves the abovementioned information. Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants in Gaziosmanpaşa sub-province as is evident It was found through the fieldwork carried out that all from both Baseline 1 (21,319) and Baseline 2 (37,362) the Pakistani and Afghan foreign nationals, who were datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 78.2 per recorded as the largest migrant communities after the cent of the total migrant population recorded in the Syrians in the sub-province, came to Gaziosmanpaşa sub-province during Baseline 1 and 72.4 per cent of in 2016 and after. During the interviews conducted that recorded during Baseline 2. with SASF and SSC, it was stated that the Pakistani and Afghan foreign nationals live mostly in Karadeniz According to Baseline 2 results, 36.3 per cent of the mahalle, which has borders with both Sultangazi and migrants in Gaziosmanpaşa came to the sub-province Esenler. It was reported that Afghan and Pakistani in 2016 and after, while 63.7 per cent arrived in 2015 foreign nationals work in the bakeries in the mahalle and before. while also accommodating in them. In addition to these, reportedly, they are mostly collecting paper and Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province scrap and their population is also increasing.

The information obtained through the interviews

Population : 487,046

Area km2 : 11.7

Mahalle : 16

Figure 62. General Information on Gaziosmanpaşa

50 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 21. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Gaziosmanpaşa

Syrian Arab Republic 71.8% 28.2% Pakistan 0% 100% Azerbaijan 98.3% 1.7% Afghanistan 0% 100% Other 100% 0%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 63. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Gaziosmanpaşa

51 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

SULTANGAZİ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 41,762 93.5% 75.8% 63,331 Republic Republic 788 1.8% Azerbaijan Pakistan 11.9% 9,969

432 1.0% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 8.4% 7,019

142 0.3% Bulgaria Uzbekistan 0.7% 565

1,526 3.4% Other Other 3.2% 2,637 Figure 64. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sultangazi 44,650 83,521 Figure 65. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sultangazi Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Baseline 2 findings suggest that 83,521 migrants are present in Sultangazi sub-province, while Baseline 1 The SASF and SSC representatives in Sultangazi sub- data recorded a total of 44,650 migrants. As such, province who were interviewed stated that the largest when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected migrant group in the sub-province is constituted by during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 38,871 more the Syrian nationals, which is, reportedly, caused by migrants in the sub-province. the strong social networks they have in the sub- province, the abundance of residential areas and job Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of opportunities, the low socioeconomic status of the migrants in Sultangazi sub-province as is evident from residents of mahalles and the welcoming attitude both Baseline 1 (41,762) and Baseline 2 (63,331) of the local people. In addition, according to the datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 93.5 per information received from the mukhtars, Sultangazi cent of the total migrant population recorded in the province continues to be home to migrants from sub-province during Baseline 1 and 75.8 per cent that neighbouring sub-provinces such as Gaziosmanpaşa, recorded during Baseline 2. Eyüpsultan, Esenler and Başakşehir; therefore, migrant presence in the sub-province is increasing. According to Baseline 2 results, 58,5 per cent of the The interviews conducted with the mahalle mukhtars migrants in Sultangazi came to the sub-province in and shopkeepers revealed that Pakistani and Afghan 2016 and after, while 41,5 per cent arrived in 2015 foreign nationals, who constitute the highest migrant and before. presence after Syrian nationals, came to the sub- province in 2016 and after. The reasons why Pakistani and Afghan foreign nationals preferred the sub- province were the same with those referred to for Syrian nationals.

Population : 523,765

Area km2 : 36.0

Mahalle : 15

Figure 66. General Information on Sultangazi

52 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 22. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sultangazi

Syrian Arab Republic 51.8% 48.2% Turkmenistan 2.3% 97.7% Azerbaijan 1.1% 98.9% Afghanistan 86.7% 13.3% Uzbekistan 50.8% 49.2%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 67. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sultangazi

53 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 5

54 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 5 Beşiktaş, Beyoğlu, Kağıthane, Şişli Baseline 2 findings suggest that 155,139 migrants are (38,547) and Baseline 2 (82,280) datasets. Accordingly, present in Region 5 of İstanbul province, which includes Syrian nationals account for 48.5 per cent of the total Beşiktaş, Beyoğlu, Kağıthane and Şişli sub-provinces, migrant population recorded in the Region 5 during while Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 79,552 Baseline 1 and 53 per cent of that recorded during migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the Baseline 2. data collected during Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 75,587 more migrants in the Region. According to Baseline 2 results, 45 per cent of the migrants in Region 5 came to the Region in 2016 and Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of after, while 55 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. migrants in Region 5 as is evident from both Baseline 1

B1 B2

79,552 155,139

Figure 68. Region 5 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 23. Region 5

55 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BEŞİKTAŞ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 613 1,587 8.2% Republic Turkmenistan 28.5% 568 7.6% Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 13.5% 750 Syrian Arab 525 7.0% Azerbaijan 11.4% 637 Republic Islamic Republic 381 5.1% Azerbaijan 7.6% 421 of Iran 5,365 72.0% Other Other 39.1% 2,176 Figure 69. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beşiktaş 7,452 5,571 Figure 70. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beşiktaş Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Baseline 2 findings suggest that 5,571 migrants are Baseline 2 carried out in Beşiktaş sub-province suggests present in Beşiktaş sub-province, while Baseline 1 data that the sub-province has the lowest migrant presence recorded a total of 7,452 migrants. As such, when in İstanbul. The key informants who were interviewed compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during stated that this is caused by the socioeconomic status Baseline 2 reveal 1,881 fewer migrants in the sub- of the people living in the sub-province, although it province. is one of the centres for service and entertainment sectors, tourist and historic destinations in an attractive According to Baseline 1 dataset, Syrian nationals location in İstanbul. The main factor contributing to the constituted the largest group of migrants in Beşiktaş migrant settlement in many sub-provinces in İstanbul sub-province (613 individuals). This figure accounts is ethnicity/national togetherness, while in Beşiktaş for 8.2 per cent of the total migrant population the factor determining the migrant settlement is high recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1. income level in the sub-province. House rents were However, according to Baseline 2 results, Turkmen dramatically higher, across the sub-province, than the foreign nationals constitute the largest migrant group average prices in İstanbul, which allows the residence (1,587 individuals), while only 637 are Syrian. Turkmen of migrants only with sufficient income level. foreign nationals account for 28.5 per cent of the total migrant population recorded in the sub-province The fieldwork conducted revealed that the increase during Baseline 2. in numbers of Turkmen and Uzbek foreign nationals recorded in Baseline 2, compared to Baseline 1, was Regarding migrant arrival, Baseline 2 found that 44.4 directly caused by an increase in live-in domestic per cent of the migrants in Beşiktaş came to the sub- workers. Key informants confirmed that Turkmens province in 2016 and after, while 55.6 per cent arrived and Uzbeks, who are preferred for domestic services, in 2015 and before. came from the neighbouring sub-provinces such as Kağıthane and Beyoğlu. Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province

Population : 181,074

Area km2 : 11.0

Mahalle : 23

Figure 71. General Information on Beşiktaş

56 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 24. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beşiktaş

Turkmenistan 55.7% 44.3% Uzbekistan 42.9% 57.1% Syrian Arab Republic 53.1% 46.9% Azerbaijan 70.1% 29.9% Afghanistan 63.7% 36.3%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 72. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beşiktaş

57 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BEYOĞLU SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 12,929 64.5% 58.3% 39,298 Republic Republic 1,046 5.2% Turkmenistan Nigeria 7.3% 4,906 Islamic Republic 920 4.6% Uzbekistan of Iran 6.2% 4,153 314 1.6% Iraq Afghanistan 5.9% 3,947

4,823 24.1% Other Other 22.4% 15,059 Figure 73. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beyoğlu 20,032 67,363 Figure 74. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beyoğlu Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Şişli and Beyoğlu sub-provinces, has significantly Baseline 2 findings suggest that 67,363 migrants are increased over the preceding six months in Beyoğlu present in Beyoğlu sub-province, while Baseline 1 sub-province. These three mahalles were reported recorded a total of 20,032 migrants. As such, when to be home to migrants coming from other mahalles compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during of Beyoğlu as well as those coming from the other Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 47,331 more two neighbouring sub-provinces. Key informants who migrants in the sub-province. were interviewed also stated that this mahalle allows the migrants to move freely since it has borders with Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of the neighbouring sub-provinces. In addition, it was migrants in Beyoğlu sub-province as is evident from reported that this mahalle is preferred by Syrians who both Baseline 1 (12,929) and Baseline 2 (39,298). desire to maintain their relationship with the fellow Accordingly, Syrians account for 64.5 per cent of the countrymen living in Fatih sub-province. This is same total migrant population recorded in the sub-province for the Mongol foreign nationals who desire to live during Baseline 1 and 58.3 per cent of that recorded close to their fellow countrymen living in Kağıthane during Baseline 2. and for the migrants of African origin who desire to live close to their fellow countrymen living in According to Baseline 2 results, 44.3 per cent of the Şişli. It was also stated that the migrants in the sub- migrants in Beyoğlu came to the sub-province in 2016 province maintain their contact with the neighbouring and after, while 55.7 per cent arrived in 2015 and sub-provinces thanks to the transport facilities. The before. fieldwork carried out reveals that the higher number of Nigerian nationals according to Baseline 2 datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province as opposed to that recorded in Baseline 1 datasets, is due to the proximity of the sub-province to Şişli During interviews conducted with the mukhtars and and its churches and associations. An increase in the SASF staff, it was stated that the migrant presence in presence of Uzbek and Turkmen foreign nationals was Fetihtepe, Örnektepe and Piyalepaşa mahalles, which due to cultural and linguistic similarities. are located at the intersection point of Kağıthane, Population : 230,526

Area km2 : 8.76

Mahalle : 45

Figure 75. General Information on Beyoğlu

58 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 25. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beyoğlu

Syrian Arab Republic 65.2% 34.8% Nigeria 50.9% 49.1% Uzbekistan 42.9% 57.1% Afghanistan 34.2% 65.8% Turkmenistan 29.1% 70.9%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 76. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beyoğlu

59 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

KAĞITHANE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 17,619 63.9% 58.4% 36,640 Republic Republic 3,214 11.7% Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 9.0% 5,620

720 2.6% Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 6.5% 4,105 Islamic Republic 709 2.6% 4.3% 2,680 of Iran Afghanistan 5,315 19.3% Other Other 21.8% 13,660 Figure 77. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Kağıthane 27,577 62,705 Figure 78. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Kağıthane Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Baseline 2 findings suggest that 62,705 migrants are present in Kağıthane sub-province, while Baseline 1 Information obtained from key informants in the recorded a total of 27,577 migrants. As such, when sub-province suggests that the migrant network compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during in the sub-province, the relationships with fellow Baseline 2 reveal a discrepancy of 35,128 more countrymen and the demand for unskilled and cheap migrants in the sub-province. labour in the sub-province are the reasons behind the discrepancy between the Baseline 1 and Baseline Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants 2 data. Mukhtars who were interviewed stated that in Kağıthane sub-province as is evident from both the populations of Turkmen, Uzbek, Azerbaijani and Baseline 1 (17,619) and Baseline 2 (36,640) datasets. Mongol foreign nationals have been increasing due an Accordingly, Syrians account for 63.9 per cent of the established migrant network in the sub-province. It total migrant population recorded in the sub-province was also reported that Turkmen and Uzbek nationals during Baseline 1 and 58.4 per cent of that recorded are constantly migrating to Beyoğlu and Beşiktaş sub- during Baseline 2. provinces. Interviews conducted with key informants revealed According to Baseline 2, 51.3 per cent of the migrants that the population of Azerbaijani foreign nationals is in Kağıthane came to the sub-province in 2016 and increasing in Yeşilce and Sultan Selim mahalles, while after 2016, while 48.7 per cent arrived in 2015 and the presence of Mongol and Afghan foreign nationals before. are increasing in Gürsel, Çağlayan and Hürriyet mahalles. Key informants stated that there are some quarrels between the two migrant groups because of the competition in the labour market.

Population : 437,026

Area km2 : 16.0

Mahalle : 19

Figure 79. General Information on Kağıthane

60 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 26. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Kağıthane

Syrian Arab Republic 48.2% 51.8% Turkmenistan 54.3% 45.7% Azerbaijan 59.0% 41.0% Afghanistan 33.2% 66.8% Uzbekistan 48.2% 51.8%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 80. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Kağıthane

61 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ŞİŞLİ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 7,386 30.2% 29.3% 5,705 Republic Republic 2,948 12.0% Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 9.6% 1,863 Islamic Republic 2,194 9.0% Nigeria 9.1% 1,784 of Iran 1,015 4.1% Iraq Mongolia 8.4% 1,643

10,948 44.7% Other Other 43.6% 8,505 Figure 81. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Şişli 24,491 19,500 Figure 82. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Şişli Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province

Baseline 2 findings suggests that 19,500 migrants are It was observed through the fieldwork conducted that present in Şişli sub-province, while Baseline 1 datasets the presence of Nigerian, Cameroonian, Senegalese recorded 24,491 migrants present in the sub-province. and Ugandan foreign nationals has increased due to the Baseline 2 findings reveal that there are 4,991 fewer social centres, stores and service sector businesses (e.g. migrants in the sub-province compared to what was cargo, wedding venues, hair styling saloons, internet recorded in Baseline 1 datasets. café, small restaurants) in the sub-province, catering specifically to the interests of these communities. In Syrian nationals constitute the largest migrant group addition, Nigerian foreign nationals have their own in Şişli sub-province as is evident from both Baseline associations and churches in the area. 1 (7,386) and Baseline 2 (5,705). Accordingly, Syrian nationals account for 30.2 per cent of the registered During interviews conducted with the mahalle migrant population according to Baseline 1 findings, mukhtars, it was reported that most of the migrants while they account for 29.3 per cent of the migrant living in 19 Mayıs, Mecidiyeköy, Gülbahar and Eskişehir presence according to Baseline 2 findings. mahalles came to the sub-province in 2015 and before and have settled. It was also stated that the increase Baseline 2 findings suggest that 27 per cent of the in the Turkmen foreign national population is similar migrants in Şişli sub-province came to the sub-province to that in Beyoğlu and Beşiktaş sub-provinces, both of in 2016 and after, while 73 per cent of them arrived in which resulted from the close-knit migrant community 2015 and before. there.

Population : 274,289

Area km2 : 35.0

Mahalle : 25

Figure 83. General Information on Şişli

62 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 27. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Şişli

Syrian Arab Republic 83.5% 16.5% Turkmenistan 43.0% 57.0% Nigeria 91.1% 8.9% Mongolia 64.4% 35.6% Iraq 78.7% 21.3%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 84. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Şişli

63 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 6

64 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 6 Kartal, Maltepe, Pendik, Tuzla Baseline 2 findings suggest that 55,673 migrants are individuals) and Baseline 2 (21,672 individuals). present in Region 6 which covers Kartal, Maltepe, According to Baseline 1 findings, Syrians account for Pendik and Tuzla sub-provinces of İstanbul, while 43.8 per cent of the registered migrant population Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 30,792 migrants. in the Region, while Baseline 2 findings indicate a Baseline 2 findings then reveals that there are 24,881 contribution of 38.9 per cent to the migrant presence. more migrants in the Region, compared to what Baseline 1 recorded. Baseline 2 findings suggest that 60 per cent of the migrants in Region 6 came to the Region in 2016 and Syrian nationals constitute the largest migrant group after, while 39.8 per cent of them arrived in 2015 and in Region 6 as is evident from both Baseline 1 (13,485 before.

B1 B2

30,792 55,673

Figure 85. Region 6 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 28. Region 6

65 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

KARTAL SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 1,802 33.3% 26.5% 2,457 Republic Republic 801 14.8% Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 23.7% 2,200 Islamic Republic 228 4.2% Afghanistan 15.7% 1,459 of Iran 136 2.5% Iraq Turkmenistan 9.4% 876

2,451 45.2% Other Other 24.6% 2,279 Figure 86. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Kartal 5,418 9,271 Figure 87. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Kartal Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets of Uzbek foreign nationals living in the sub-province Baseline 2 findings suggest that 9,271 migrants are has increased and that they come together with the present in Kartal sub-province, while Baseline 1 data Turkmen foreign nationals to be employed in domestic recorded a total of 5,418 migrants. As such, when services such as cleaning and caretaking, and also in compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during cafés and restaurants as cooks and waiters. The Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 3,853 more shopkeepers across the sub-province reported that migrants in the sub-province. Turkmen and Uzbek foreign nationals are often more welcome than other nationalities and are preferred Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of by the employers. This is due to their reputation for migrants in Kartal sub-province as is evident from both being hardworking and their willingness to accept Baseline 1 (1,802) and Baseline 2 (2,457) datasets. lower pay. Uzbek nationals work in the entertainment Accordingly, Syrians account for 33.3 per cent of the businesses, which are widespread in the sub-province total migrant population recorded in the sub-province and some of them come from Maltepe and Pendik to during Baseline 1 and 26.5 per cent of that recorded work in such places. during Baseline 2. It was observed that the Afghan presence in Kartal is According to Baseline 2, 72.2 per cent of the migrants mainly due to paper warehouses and job opportunities in Kartal came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, in construction sector. However, mukhtars in the while 27.8 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. mahalles undergoing urban transformation reported that construction works had largely been paused due Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province to economic problems in the construction sector; as such many Afghan foreign nationals are moving to the According to information provided by key informants European side of İstanbul to find employment. during Baseline 2 in Kartal sub-province, there has been a decrease in the Syrian population in the sub- Finally, another migrant group with a considerable province over the last few months due to integration presence in Kartal sub-province is the South Koreans. issues into the local communities. It was reported that those Syrian who moved resettled in Pendik and Population : 461,155 Sultanbeyli sub-provinces, which are home to larger 2 Syrian groups. Syrians who maintain their residence Area km : 38.5 in the sub-province mostly prefer the mahalles which Mahalle : 20 are far from the coastline with more affordable rents. Figure 88. General Information on Kartal Key informants interviewed stated that the presence

66 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Baseline 2 datasets recorded the largest South Korean presence in Kartal sub-province, the majority of whom have settled in Karlıktepe mahalle, where there is a church in it. Notably, their community is known for the missionary activities.

Map 29. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Kartal

Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Uzbekistan 0% 100% Afghanistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Islamic Republic 0% 100% of Iran 100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 89. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Kartal

67 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

MALTEPE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 2,148 25.9% Republic Uzbekistan 26.6% 4,170 Syrian Arab 2,093 25.3% Turkmenistan 19.6% 3,065 Republic Islamic Republic 333 4.0% Afghanistan 15.1% 2,371 of Iran 86 1.0% Iraq Turkmenistan 14.6% 2,285

3,628 43.8% Other Other 24.0% 3,764 Figure 90. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Maltepe 8,288 15,655 Figure 91. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Maltepe Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Kartal sub-province.

Baseline 2 findings suggest that 15,665 migrants are An increase was observed in the population of Uzbek present in Maltepe sub-province, while Baseline 1 foreign nationals. According to the statements of key datasets recorded a total of 8,288 migrants present informants Kadıköy–Üsküdar–Maltepe–Kartal line in the sub-province. As such, when compared to stands out as an important employment area for Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveals Turkmen foreign nationals and Maltepe and Kartal sub- a discrepancy of 7,367 more migrants in the sub- provinces are preferred due to affordable house rents. province. Real estate agents who were interviewed stated that most of the furnished houses are rented by Uzbek and According to Baseline 1 findings, Syrian nationals Turkmen foreign nationals, with several households (2,148) constitute the largest migrant group living in occupying a single dwelling. During fieldwork, agencies Maltepe sub-province. This figure for Syrian nationals established to support these communities in mahalles account for 25.9 per cent of the total registered migrant such as Altayçeşme and Maltepe were encountered population in the sub-province. However, Baseline 2 and it was also reported that these agencies provide datasets suggest that Uzbek foreign nationals (4,170 employees for domestic work and caretaking of individuals) constitute the largest migrant group in the elderly and children in Maltepe mahalle and its the sub-province, while only 3,065 of them are Syrian surrounding area. The information obtained from the nationals. This figure accounts for 26.6 per cent of the luxury housing estates located in the sub-province migrant presence which was recorded in Baseline 2 revealed that many migrants are employed in such datasets. housing estates, either as live-in or daily domestic help.

Baseline 2 findings suggest that 79.9 per cent of the the visibility and mobility of Afghans was observed due migrants living in Maltepe sub-province came to the to the overall increase in Afghan presence in İstanbul sub-province in 2016 and after, while 20.1 per cent of as well as the paper warehouses located in Maltepe, them arrived in 2015 and before. similar to the situation in Kartal sub-province.

Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Population : 497.034

2 Baseline 2 conducted in Maltepe sub-province revealed Area km : 50.0 that the Syrian nationals leave the sub-province to Mahalle : 18 move to other sub-provinces such as Sultanbeyli and Pendik, which is similar to what had taken place in Figure 92. General Information on Maltepe

68 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 30. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Maltepe

Uzbekistan 0% 100% Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Afghanistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Azerbaijan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 93. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Maltepe

69 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

PENDİK SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 6,578 55.7% 51.3% 11,334 Republic Republic 988 8.4% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 14.5% 3,201

501 4.2% Azerbaijan Uzbekistan 10.4% 2,298 Russian 299 2.5% Tajikistan 6.7% 1,482 Federation 3,439 29.1% Other Other 17.2% 3,794 Figure 94. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Pendik 11,805 22,109 Figure 95. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Pendik Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets ‘shantytowns’ located by the D-100 road and the job Baseline 2 findings suggest that 22,109 migrants are opportunities in the factories and textile mills. It was present in Pendik sub-province, while Baseline 1 data also reported that there has been an influx of Syrians recorded a total of 11,805 migrants. As such, when from Kartal, Maltepe and Tuzla to the sub-province compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during and that there are some Syrian families moving from Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 10,304 more Pendik to Sultanbeyli. Similar to what is ongoing across migrants living in the sub-province. the Region, Afghan presence has increased owing to the paper warehouses which recently opened in Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of Pendik sub-province. Many key informants interviewed migrants in Pendik sub-province as is evident from both noted that presence of Afghan foreign nationals, who Baseline 1 (6,578) and Baseline 2 (11,334) datasets. often also reside in paper warehouses and basements Accordingly, Syrians account for 55.7 per cent of the in large groups, has increased considerably. total migrant population recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1 and 51.3 per cent of that recorded Another migrant group found to have a high presence during Baseline 2. in the sub-province is Tajik foreign nationals. Baseline 2 datasets recorded the highest Tajik foreign national According to Baseline 2 results, 47.9 per cent of the presence in Pendik sub-province. Mukhtars interviewed migrants in Pendik came to the sub-province in 2016 in the mahalles where this group resides reported that and after, while 52.1 per cent arrived in 2015 and their population is increasing daily, and they establish before. associations while also having good communication and relationship with the local community. Another Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province interesting piece of information shared by the key informants was that there are ongoing attempts to Baseline 2 carried out in Pendik sub-province transform Pendik into a centre for catching mussels; revealed an increase in the migrant presence in the therefore, the number of Pakistani foreign nationals, sub-province over the last few months. During the who do this job for the lowest wage, has increased. interviews conducted with the key informants on this, the reasons behind this increase were referred Population : 693,599 to as the large area that the sub-province covers, the Area km2 : 190.0

Mahalle : 36

Figure 96. General Information on Pendik

70 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 31. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Pendik

Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Afghanistan 0% 100% Uzbekistan 0% 100% Tajikistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 97. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Pendik

71 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

TUZLA SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 2,957 56.0% 55.8% 4,816 Republic Republic 3,313 5.9% Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 15.6% 1,349

151 2.9% Islamic Republic Afghanistan 8.6% 746 of Iran 55 1.0% Iraq Turkmenistan 5.8% 502

1,805 34.2% Other Other 14.2% 1,225 Figure 98. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Tuzla 5,281 8,638 Figure 99. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Tuzla Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets opportunities in the sub-province and its surrounding area. The reasons for the relatively high migrant Baseline 2 datasets suggest that 8,638 migrants presence in Tuzla are its proximity to Kocaeli, which is are present in Tuzla sub-province, while Baseline 1 one of the most important industrial cities in Turkey, recorded a total of 5,281 migrants in the sub-province. and job opportunities in the shipyards, marinas and As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data factories. According to statements of mukhtars, collected during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of another feature of Tuzla attracting migrants is the 3,357 more migrants in the sub-province. affordable house rents in the mahalles located on the upper part of D-100 Road in the sub-province. Syrian nationals constitute the largest migrant group in Tuzla sub-province, as is seen from Baseline 1 Another point noted by the key informants is the datasets (2,957) and Baseline 2 datasets (4,816). As migrant mobility between Tuzla sub-province and such, according to Baseline 1 findings, Syrian nationals Ümraniye and Pendik sub-provinces of İstanbul, and account for 56 per cent of the migrants who were Çayırova and Gebze sub-provinces of Kocaeli. It included in the study, while they account for 55.8 per was stated that the migrants move between these cent of the migrant presence included in the study, as areas whenever they change jobs. Key informants Baseline 2 datasets suggest. interviewed also stated that the migrants, who cannot find houses to rent because of the expropriation in Baseline 2 findings suggest that 43 per cent of the Mescit, Şifa and Orhan mahalles in the sub-province, migrants living in Tuzla sub-province came to the sub- have started to reside in factories, mills and industrial province in 2016 and after, while 56.7 per cent of them zones where they are employed. Apart from this, arrived in 2015 and before. Syrians mostly work in bakeries, markets, and barber and tobacco shops that they opened themselves, Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province while Afghan foreign nationals are largely employed in labour intensive jobs such as construction and paper Migrants prefer Tuzla sub-province, located on the collection. eastern border of İstanbul, mainly because of the job Population : 255,468

Area km2 : 123.0

Mahalle : 17

Figure 100. General Information on Tuzla

72 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 32. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Tuzla

Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Uzbekistan 0% 100% Afghanistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Uzbekistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 101. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Tuzla

73 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 7

74 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 7 Adalar, Ataşehir, Kadıköy, Üsküdar Baseline 2 findings suggest that 57,165 migrants are migrant population in the sub-province. However, as is present in Region 7, which covers Adalar, Ataşehir, evident from Baseline 2, Uzbeks constitute the largest Kadıköy and Üsküdar sub-provinces in İstanbul, migrant group in the Region with 14,525 people. As while Baseline 1 datasets recorded a total of 28,139 such, Uzbek nationals account for 25.4 per cent of migrants in the Region. As such, when compared to the migrant population recorded in Baseline 2, while Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveals Turkmens account for 17.5 per cent of this population. a discrepancy of 29,026 more migrants in the Region. Baseline 2 findings suggest that 63.1 per cent of the Turkmen foreign nationals constitute the largest migrant migrants in Region 7 came to the Region in 2016 and group in the Region with 5,571 people, as is evident after, while 36.9 per cent of them arrived in 2015 and from Baseline 1. According to Baseline 1 datasets, this before. figure makes up 19.8 per cent of the total registered

B1 B2

28,139 57,165

Figure 102. Region 7 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 33. Region 7

75 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ADALAR SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 122 Afghanistan 185 62.9% Republic 19.7% 23 11.9% Turkmenistan Georgia 18.6% 175 Islamic Republic Syrian Arab 6 3.1% 15.4% 145 of Iran Republic 2 1.0% Iraq Turkmenistan 14.9% 140

41 21.1% Other Other 31.5% 296 Figure 103. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Adalar 194 941 Figure 104. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Adalar Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets the migrant population in the Region according to a Baseline 2 during summer months were higher than Baseline 2 findings suggest that 941 migrants are the one conducted in the period between October present in Adalar sub-province, while Baseline 1 data and December 2018. recorded a total of 194 migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during The discrepancy of 747 individuals found between Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 747 more migrants Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 can be explained due to in the sub-province. population fluctuation between offseason and the summer months. For example, Georgian foreign According to Baseline 1, Syrian nationals constitute nationals were not present in the data of Baseline 1, but the largest group of migrants in Ataşehir sub-province Baseline 2 dataset counted 175 of them. Information (122 individuals). This figure accounts for 62.9 per obtained from the meetings with mukhtars and local cent of the total migrant population recorded in the traders demonstrated that Turkish citizens spending sub-province during Baseline 1. However, according to winters in other sub-provinces of İstanbul had a Baseline 2 results, Afghan foreign nationals constitute tendency to bring their migrant domestic workers the largest migrant group (185 individuals), while only to Adalar where they resided during the summer. 145 are Syrian nationals according to the data. As In comparison to Baseline 1 dataset, there was a such, Afghan foreign nationals account for 19.7 per margin of 184 individuals in Baseline 2, according cent the total migrant population recorded in the sub- to which Afghan nationals counted as the largest province during Baseline 2, while Syrians account for population of migrants in Adalar. According to the 15.4 per cent. information gathered from horse carriages in the sub-province, tourists in Adalar have an increasing According to Baseline 2, 73.4 per cent of the migrants interest in sightseeing with phaetons, especially in the in Adalar came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, summer season which in turn increased the demand while 26.6 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. for personnel to take care of the horses; according to data, Afghans supplied the greatest part of that Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province A meeting with mahalle mukhtars, SASF and small Population : 16,119 traders in Adalar sub-province revealed that job 2 opportunities increased steadily as many tourists Area km : 10.9 were attracted to the Region as a touristic hub during Mahalle : 5 summer months. In relation to that, many migrants from different sub-provinces of İstanbul tended to Figure 105. General Information on Adalar leave for Adalar to seek work there. Consequently,

76 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 34. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Adalar demand. Finally, it was observed by the MPM team that the majority of the tourist population in the sub-province was composed of individuals from Arab countries. Syrian nationals were also hired as greeting staff and waiters in the restaurants to serve tourists.

Afghanistan 0% 100% Georgia 0% 100% Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Uzbekistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 106. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Adalar

77 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ATAŞEHİR SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

1,588 22.9% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 26.5% 4,550 Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 1,361 19.6% 19.6% 3,377 Republic Republic Islamic Republic 563 8.1% Uzbekistan 18.3% 3,149 of Iran 82 1.2% Iraq Turkmenistan 13.8% 2,380

3,348 48.2% Other Other 21.7% 3,733 Figure 107. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Ataşehir 6,942 17,189 Figure 108. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Ataşehir Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets 1 resulted from an increase in demand for the sub- Baseline 2 findings suggest that 17,189 migrants are province in the last year. According to data collected present in Ataşehir sub-province, while Baseline 1 from local source persons and mukhtars, what caused recorded a total of 6,942 migrants. As such, when that demand were job opportunities in factories in compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Ferhatpaşa and Yeni Çamlıca mahalle and nearly 150 Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 10,247 fewer recycling depots in Ferhatpaşa, Yeni Sahra, Mustafa migrants in the sub-province. Kemal, Barbaros, Örnek, Yeni Çamlıca, Kayışdağı, Mevlana and İnönü mahalle. Many foreign national According to Baseline 1, Turkmen foreign nationals workers in warehouses came from Afghanistan, constitute the largest group of migrants in Ataşehir Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic, and most of sub-province (1,588 individuals). This figure accounts them stayed in the warehouses where they worked. It for 22.9 per cent of the total migrant population is for that reason that Atasehir has recently become recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1. the sub-province attracting Afghan, Pakistani and However, according to Baseline 2 results, Afghan Syrian foreign nationals. Interviews with recycling plant foreign nationals constitute the largest migrant group owners, local businessmen and opinion leaders found (4,550 individuals), while only 2,380 are Turkmen that newly arrived migrants mostly chose to dwell nationals according to the data. As such, Afghans in the eastern part of the sub-province. Factories account for 26.5 per cent the total migrant population in Ferhatpaşa and Yeni Çamlıca mahalle increased recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 2, while employment opportunities for migrants. But this Turkmens account for 13.8 per cent. accordingly led to an increase in the population of unregistered migrants from Afghanistan and Pakistan. According to Baseline 2 results, 71 per cent of the Finally, so many abandoned houses due to urban migrants in Ataşehir came to the sub-province in 2016 transformation projects reduced rental costs in the and after, while 29 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. Region to make it much more affordable for many migrants from the Syrian Arab Republic, Uzbekistan Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province and Turkmenistan. Baseline 2 indicated that Afghan foreign nationals constituted the largest migrant group in Atasehir Population : 416,318 Sub-province. The main reason that the number of 2 Afghan migrants in Baseline 2 was higher than Baseline Area km : 25.8 Mahalle : 17

Figure 109. General Information on Ataşehir

78 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 35. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Ataşehir

Afghanistan 2.9% 97.1% Syrian Arab Republic 85.4% 14.6% Uzbekistan 5.4% 94.6% Turkmenistan 5.5% 94.5% Pakistan 2.7% 97.3%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after

Figure 110. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Ataşehir

79 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

KADIKÖY SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

2,721 25.5% Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 39.7% 8,960

702 6.6% Georgia Turkmenistan 26.5% 5,970 Islamic Republic 603 5.7% Afghanistan 9.2% 2,083 of Iran Syrian Arab 513 4.8% Azerbaijan 5.9% 1,324 Republic 6,131 57.5% Other Other 18.7% 4,229 Figure 111. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Kadıköy

10,670 22,566 Figure 112. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Kadıköy Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets settlement patterns in the sub-province were under Baseline 2 findings suggest that 22,566 migrants are scrutiny, assessed migrants with low income levels present in Kadıköy sub-province, while Baseline 1 data seemed to have settled in abandoned houses for urban recorded a total of 10,670 migrants. As such, when transformation plans in mahalles such as Dumlupınar, compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Fikirtepe, Eğitim and Hasanpaşa. On the other hand, Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 11,896 more migrants with higher income levels and those who are migrants in the sub-province. employed as live-in caregiver for the sick, elderly and children were largely recorded in mahalles with better According to Baseline 1, Turkmen foreign nationals and high-cost housing such as Erenköy, Fenerbahçe, constitute the largest group of migrants in Ataşehir Caddebostan, Suadiye and Kozyatağı. sub-province (2,721 individuals). This figure accounts for 25.5 per cent of the total migrant population The observation was that the presence of migrants recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1. from Uzbek and Turkmen foreign nationals continued However, according to Baseline 2 results, Uzbek to increase as job opportunities varied in Kadıköy. In foreign nationals constitute the largest migrant group addition, that migrants wasted not too much time to (8,960 individuals), while only 5,970 are Turkmen find and exchange jobs equally made the sub-province foreign nationals according to the data. As such, attractive for many migrants. Likewise, the Afghan Uzbek foreign nationals account for 39.7 per cent the population in Kadıköy was also observed to have been total migrant population recorded in the sub-province increasing for some time, which according to some during Baseline 2, while Turkmens account for 26.5 opinion leaders, owed largely to the opportunities per cent. created by approximately 30 recycling depots in Fikirtepe, Hasanpaşa and Göztepe sub-provinces. According to Baseline 2, 52.4 per cent of the migrants Owners of these recycling warehouses accepted that in Kadıköy came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, it was mostly Afghan foreign nationals employed and while 47.6 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. sheltered in such depots. In addition, the lack of urban renewal projects resulted in a reduction of rents in the Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province In the interviews conducted with mukhtars, SASF, Population : 458,638 imams, small traders and postmen in the Sub-province, 2 it was emphasized that Kadıköy was multicultural Area km : 25.2 sub-province. Although migrant visibility could be Mahalle : 21 said high especially in the central parts of the sub- province, it was reported that restaurants and cafes Figure 113. General Information on Kadıköy hired migrants generally as cheap labour. When the

80 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 36. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Kadıköy

Region and added to the number of derelict houses. For that reason, these parts of Kadıköy became much advantageous for many migrants who wished to stay in affordable housing.

Uzbekistan 40.5% 59.5% Turkmenistan 49.8% 50.2% Afghanistan 31.0% 69.0% Syrian Arab Republic 62.2% 37.8% Uzbekistan 40.9% 59.1%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 114. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Kadıköy

81 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ÜSKÜDAR SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 2,958 28.6% Republic Afghanistan 31.5% 5,195 Syrian Arab 1,242 12.0% Turkmenistan 24.3% 4,008 Republic 351 3.4% Afghanistan Uzbekistan 14.1% 2,326 Islamic Republic 286 2.8% of Iran Turkmenistan 9.1% 1,499 5,496 53.2% Other Other 20.9% 3,441 Figure 115. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Üsküdar 10,333 16,469 Figure 116. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Üsküdar Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets from African countries to get religious education Baseline 2 findings suggest that 16,469 migrants are resided in these dormitories helped multiculturality in present in Üsküdar sub-province, while Baseline 1 data Üsküdar. recorded a total of 10,333 migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during The main reason for the discrepancy between Baseline Baseline 2 shows 6,136 more migrants living in the 1 and Baseline 2 datasets is likely due to an increase sub-province. in numbers of Afghan foreign nationals in the sub- province. In the interviews with mukhtars, opinion According to Baseline 1, Syrian nationals constitute leaders and local businesspeople, it was stated that the largest group of migrants in Üsküdar sub-province Afghans, as the largest migrant community in the sub- (2,958 individuals). This figure accounts for 28.6 per province according to Baseline 2, liked the place because cent of the total migrant population recorded in the of the labour market in the Küçüksu mahalle. It was sub-province during Baseline 1. However, according to also understood that the Afghans circulated actively Baseline 2 results, Afghan foreign nationals constitute in the large Küçüksu area, comprising of the sub- the largest migrant group (5,195 individuals), while provinces of Beykoz Yenimahalle, Ümraniye Hekimbaşı only 4,008 are Syrian nationals according to the data. and Üsküdar Küçüksu. According to the information As such, Afghans account for 31.5 per cent of the obtained from the interviews; Afghan migrants began total migrant population recorded in the sub-province to have difficulties in job hunting in the Küçüksu area during Baseline 2, while Syrians account for 24.3 per due to a recent contraction in the construction sector cent. in İstanbul and the suspension of urban transformation projects. For this reason, migrants happened to flow According to Baseline 2, 68.7 per cent of the migrants to the Ferhatpaşa mahalle in Ataşehir and Çengelköy in Üsküdar came to the sub-province in 2016 and mahalle in Üsküdar as far as the Asian side of İstanbul after, while 31.3 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. was concerned. In addition, the Afghans whose actual route of migration was Europe also came to Küçüksu Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province area, a centre for irregular migrants. As a result of the interviews conducted with SASF, NGOs, Red Crescent and humanitarian organizations Population : 529,145 in Üsküdar Sub-province, It was understood that 2 migrants preferred Üsküdar sub-province because Area km : 36.0 various foundations and NGOs provided students Mahalle : 33 with scholarship and dormitory and supported poor and needy people with provision, money and voluntary Figure 117. General Information on for Üsküdar health services. The fact in particular that migrants

82 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 37. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Üsküdar

Afghanistan 1.3% 98.7% Syrian Arab Republic 52.1% 47.9% Uzbekistan 28.6% 71.4% Turkmenistan 40.3% 59.7% Azerbaijan 74.0.% 26.0%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 118. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Üsküdar

83 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 8

84 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 8 Beykoz, Çekmeköy, Sarıyer, Şile Baseline 2 findings suggest that 32,765 migrants are (6,385) and Baseline 2 (10,608) datasets. Accordingly, present in Region 8 of İstanbul province, which includes Syrians account for 31.9 per cent of the total migrant Beykoz, Çekmeköy, Sarıyer and Şile sub-provinces, population recorded in the Region during Baseline 1 while Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 20,020 and 32.4 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy According to Baseline 2, 45.2 per cent of the migrants of 12,745 more migrants in the Region. in Region 8 came to the Region in 2016 and after, while 54.8 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants in Region 8 as is evident from both Baseline 1

B1 B2

20,020 32,765

Figure 119. Region 8 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 38. Region 8

85 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BEYKOZ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab 2,141 5,835 44.5% Republic Afghanistan 38.0% Syrian Arab 788 16.4% Afghanistan 28.8% 4,416 Republic 564 11.7% Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 14.8% 2,277 Islamic Republic 71 1.5% Uzbekistan 6.2% 958 of Iran 1,250 26.0% Other Other 12.1% 1,852 Figure 120. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beykoz 4,814 15,338 Figure 121. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beykoz Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets population mentioned during Baseline 2 resided in these three mahalle. Baseline 2 findings suggest that 15,338 migrants are present in Beykoz sub-province, while Baseline 1 data According to Yenimahalle mukhtar interviewed, recorded a total of 4,814 migrants. As such, when Yenimahalle sub-province experienced an upsurge compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during in Afghan foreign nationals due to well-established Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 10,524 more Afghan community in Beykoz mahalle (Üsküdar- migrants in the sub-province. Beykoz sub-province border separated from Küçüksu Creek and Küçüksu mahalle), so Yenimahalle became According to Baseline 1 dataset, Syrian nationals the centre of the people of Afghanistan, especially on constitute the largest group of migrants in Beykoz the Anatolian side. The main gathering and residence sub-province (2,141 individuals). This figure accounts places for the migrants of Afghanistan on the for 44.5 per cent of the total migrant population Anatolian side were the Küçüksu locality consisting of recorded in the sub-province during Baseline 1. Beykoz Yenimahalle, Üsküdar Küçüksu and Ümraniye However, according to Baseline 2 results, Afghan Hekimbaşı mahalle. During the interviews with traders foreign nationals constitute the largest migrant group of Afghanistan, it was informed that the young Afghans (5,835 individuals), while only 4,416 are Syrian nationals continued their migration into Turkey out of security according to the data. As such, Afghans account for 38 concerns and desires to save and send money back to per cent of total migrant population recorded in the their hometowns. sub-province during Baseline 2, while Syrians account for 28.8 per cent. Syrians, also representing a significant portion of the migrant community in Beykoz sub-province, According to Baseline 2, 39.6 per cent of the migrants predominantly reside in Tokatköy mahalle due to low in Beykoz came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, housing costs and mahalle’s proximity to workplaces. while 60.4 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. In fact, since 2012, the locals in Tokatköy mahalle refashioned their stables and garages into rooms, if not Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province According to the interviews conducted with SASF, Population : 246,700 SSC, Municipality and Sub-province National 2 Education Directorate, migrant population in Beykoz Area km : 239.0 sub-province concentrated in Yenimahalle, Acarlar Mahalle : 45 and Tokatköy mahalle, as the majority of remaining areas in the sub-province were rural in character. As Figure 122. General Information on Beykoz such, approximately 75 per cent of the total migrant

86 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 39. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beykoz houses, in order to rent them to Syrian migrants settled in the mahalle.

According to the data collected during Baseline 2, there was an increase in the number of Turkmens foreign national, which constituted the third most populous group of migrants. In the interviews conducted with site’s administration, it was stated that Uzbek and Turkmen foreign nationals in Acarlar mahalle worked primarily as live-in domestic workers.

Afghanistan 64.6% 35.4% Syrian Arab Republic 55.8% 44.2% Turkmenistan 58.2% 41.8% Uzbekistan 59.8% 40.2% Georgia 73.4% 26.6%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 123. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beykoz

87 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ÇEKMEKÖY SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 1,973 41.1% 58.3% 3,067 Republic Republic 778 16.2% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 13.1% 687

134 2.8% Afghanistan Uzbekistan 12.5% 656 Islamic Republic 126 2.6% 12.0% 632 of Iran Turkmenistan 1,788 37.3% Other Other 4.1% 215 Figure 124. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Çekmeköy 4,799 5,257 Figure 125. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Çekmeköy Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets According to Baseline 2, 53 per cent of the migrants in Çekmeköy came to the sub-province in 2016 and Baseline 2 findings suggest that 5,257 migrants are after, while 47 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. present in Çekmeköy sub-province, while Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 4,799 migrants. As such, when Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 458 more migrants According to the interviews conducted with SASF, in the sub-province. Mukhtars and postmen in the sub-province, the number of foreign nationals coming to settle or Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of work in Çekmeköy witnessed a tremendous increase migrants in Çekmeköy sub-province as is evident from owing largely to an increase in the construction work. both Baseline 1 (1,973) and Baseline 2 (3,067) datasets. Migrants settled in the area because of transportation Accordingly, Syrians account for 41.1 per cent of the facilities, neighbouring Sancaktepe and Ümraniye sub- total migrant population recorded in the sub-province provinces and the cheap rentals. Nevertheless, it was during Baseline 1 and 58.3 per cent of that recorded also pointed out that the overall migrant population is during Baseline 2. not high because job opportunities were limited.

Population : 251,937

Area km2 : 148.0

Mahalle : 21

Figure 126. General Information on Çekmeköy

88 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 40. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Çekmeköy

Syrian Arab Republic 52.6% 47.4% Afghanistan 29.1% 70.9% Uzbekistan 45.4% 54.6% Turkmenistan 50.5% 49.5% Pakistan 0% 100%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 127. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Çekmeköy

89 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

SARIYER SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 1,987 20.3% 24.5% 2,771 Republic Republic 1,405 14.3% Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 19.5% 2,206 Islamic Republic 871 8.9% Uzbekistan of Iran 16.7% 1,883 536 5.5% Azerbaijan Afghanistan 4.4% 494

5,004 51.0% Other Other 35.0% 3,953 Figure 128. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sarıyer 9,803 11,307 Figure 129. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sarıyer Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province According to interviews conducted with mukhtars and Baseline 2 findings suggest that 11,307 migrants the SSC, migrant profile in the sub-province differed in are present in Sarıyer sub-province, while Baseline terms of nationalities and income levels from those 1 data recorded a total of 9,803 migrants. As such, in other sub-provinces of İstanbul. Postmen and site when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected administrators observed that a significant portion during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 1,504 more of the migrant profile in the sub-province consisted migrants in the sub-province. of people from western countries who work in executive positions in international companies as well Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of as migrants working as cleaners, carers or teachers. migrants in Sarıyer sub-province as is evident from Therefore, migrants, except for Syrians, concentrated both Baseline 1 (1,987) and Baseline 2 (2,771) datasets. in mahalle luxury housing complexes and villas such Accordingly, Syrians account for 20.3 per cent of the as Zekeriyaköy, Demirciköy, Maslak, Ayazağa and total migrant population recorded in the sub-province Tarabya. Information from mukhtars and other local during Baseline 1 and 24.5 per cent of that recorded sources confirmed that most of the houses in these during Baseline 2. mahalle had migrants from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Georgia and Russia. Mukhtars and other local sources According to Baseline 2, 48.5 per cent of the migrants confirmed that the majority of households in these in Sarıyer came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, mahalle are Turkmen, Uzbek, Georgian and Russian while 51.5 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. foreign nationals employed in the domestic service sector.

Population : 342,503

Area km2 : 179.9

Mahalle : 38

Figure 130. General Information on Sarıyer

90 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 41. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sarıyer

Syrian Arab Republic 61.7% 38.3% Turkmenistan 45.2% 54.8% Uzbekistan 49.3% 50.7% Afghanistan 30.4% 69.6% Azerbaijan 45.9% 54.1%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 131. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sarıyer

91 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ŞİLE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 284 47.0% 51.4% 444 Republic Republic 29 4.8% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 21.8% 188

9 1.5% Iraq Turkmenistan 12.9% 111

6 1.0% Afghanistan Uzbekistan 11.7% 101

276 45.7% Other Other 2.2% 19 Figure 132. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Şile 604 863 Figure 133. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Şile Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets the least migration flows among all 39 sub-provinces according to Baseline 2 data. this is because 79 per Baseline 2 findings suggest that 863 migrants are cent of the sub-province consists forests, which makes present in Şile sub-province, while Baseline 1 data it a difficult sub-province, in which to settle. In addition, recorded a total of 604 migrants. As such, when the sub-province is located far from the centre and compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during economic activities are limited. Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 259 more migrants in the sub-province. During interviews with SASF, the staff noted that two different economic activities could be mentioned in Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of Şile. The first was agriculture and animal husbandry, migrants in Şile sub-province as is evident from while the other was the hospitality sector, such as both Baseline 1 (284) and Baseline 2 (444) datasets. restaurants and hotels visited by local and foreign Accordingly, Syrians account for 47 per cent of the tourists coming to the sub-province during the summer total migrant population recorded in the sub-province season. During the tourist season, it was observed during Baseline 1 and 51.4 per cent of that recorded that Uzbek and Turkmen foreign nationals worked in during Baseline 2. almost every enterprise in the central mahalle. On the other hand, mukhtars in rural areas stated that they According to Baseline 2, 52.4 per cent of the migrants wanted migrants to stay in their mahalle as they were in Şile came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, very useful for agriculture and animal husbandry. In while 47.6 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. addition, restaurant owners who were able to employ more workers at low cost were also satisfied with the Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province migrants. However, Baseline 2 indicated that there was no presence of migrants in 30 out of 62 mahalles of Şile, the sub-province with the second smallest resident Şile. population in İstanbul, is also the sub-province with

Population : 36,516

Area km2 : 755.0

Mahalle : 62

Figure 134. General Information on Şile

92 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 42. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Şile

Syrian Arab Republic 53.8% 46.2% Afghanistan 31.4% 68.6% Turkmenistan 51.4% 48.6% Uzbekistan 51.5% 48.5% Azerbaijan 50.0% 50.0%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 135. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Şile

93 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 9

94 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 9 Sancaktepe, Sultanbeyli, Ümraniye Baseline 2 findings suggest that 77,795 migrants are (51,018) and Baseline 2 (65,856) datasets. Accordingly, present in Region 9 of İstanbul province, which covers Syrians account for 79.8 per cent of the total migrant Sancaktepe, Sultanbeyli and Ümraniye sub-provinces, population recorded in the sub-province during while Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 63,943 Baseline 1 and 84.7 per cent of that recorded during migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the Baseline 2. data collected during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 13,852 more migrants in the Region. According to Baseline 2, 32.2 per cent of the migrants in Region 9 came to the Region in 2016 and after, Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of while 67.8 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. migrants in Region 9 as is evident from both Baseline 1

B1 B2

63,943 77,795

Figure 136. Region 9 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 43. Region 9

95 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

SANCAKTEPE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 13,159 81.9% 85.6% 16,445 Republic Republic 702 4.4% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 4.6% 885

229 1.4% Azerbaijan Turkmenistan 4.0% 764

224 1.4% Afghanistan Iraq 2.0% 390

1,758 10.9% Other Other 3.8% 735 Figure 137. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sancaktepe 16,072 19,219 Figure 138. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sancaktepe Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets high. The common feature of mahalle populated by Syrians was that they were close to Sultanbeyli sub- Baseline 2 findings suggest that 19,219 migrants are province where many Syrian nationals reside given the present in Sancaktepe sub-province, while Baseline convenience of shopping in Syrian markets and the 1 data recorded a total of 16,072 migrants. As such, religious-cultural similarities with the locals. when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 3,147 more During interviews with the key informants, it was migrants in the sub-province. stated that the presence of Afghan nationals in the Meclis mahalle was intense and their population was Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants increasing as the migrants preferred the sub-province in Sancaktepe sub-province as is evident from both because of the social network formed by their previous Baseline 1 (13,159) and Baseline 2 (16,445) datasets. relatives or friends. In addition, there were old houses Accordingly, Syrians account for 81.9 per cent of the allocated to Afghan foreign nationals in this mahalle total migrant population recorded in the sub-province and the landlords received rent per person from during Baseline 1 and 85.6 per cent of that recorded the inhabitants. It was stated that the migrants from during Baseline 2. Afghan, Turkmen and Uzbek foreign nationals who worked on animal farms in the Paşaköy mahalle far According to Baseline 2, 43.9 per cent of the migrants from the sub-province centre and where there were in Sancaktepe came to the sub-province in 2016 and agricultural lands, complained and were dismissed due after, while 56,1 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. to lack of work permits. As such, there was no longer the presence of migrants in this mahalle. Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province It was stated by the representatives of the municipality, According to mukhtars, SASF and the SSC local people and craftsmen that foreign nationals from representatives, Osmangazi, Veysel Karani and Akpınar Sultanbeyli, Ümraniye, Pendik, Tuzla and Kartal Sub- mahalle had the highest number of migrants. At the provinces settled in Sancaktepe mostly after 2016. same time, Syrian migrants in these mahalle were also Population : 414,143

Area km2 : 62.4

Mahalle : 19

Figure 139. General Information on Sancaktepe

96 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 44. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sancaktepe

Syrian Arab Republic 60.3% 39.7% Afghanistan 25.4% 74.6% Turkmenistan 26.2% 73.8% Iraq 30.8% 69.2% Uzbekistan 65.0% 35.0%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 140. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sancaktepe

97 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

SULTANBEYLİ SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 21,566 95.7% 94.6% 30,200 Republic Republic 185 0.8% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 1.8% 590

58 0.3% Afghanistan Iraq 0.7% 220

57 0.3% Iraq Pakistan 0.6% 180

671 3.0% Other Other 2.3% 734 Figure 141. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sultanbeyli 22,537 31,924 Figure 142. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sultanbeyli Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets wide aid activities in the sub-province. In addition, it Baseline 2 findings suggest that 31,924 migrants are is stated that Syrian nationals in the sub-province live present in Sultanbeyli sub-province, while Baseline in crowded families, have religious similarities with the 1 data recorded a total of 22,537 migrants When host communities and receive economic and social compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during assistance from associations and foundations in the Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 9,387 more sub-province. During interviews with SASF and SSC, migrants in the sub-province. representatives noted that Sultanbeyli was preferred by Syrian people because of its socioeconomic and Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants cultural structure. In the field study, both migrant in Sultanbeyli sub-province as is evident from both mobility among the mahalle and a Syrian migrant Baseline 1 (21,566) and Baseline 2 (30,200) datasets. flow from sub-provinces such as Tuzla, Pendik and Accordingly, Syrians account for 95.7 per cent of the Sancaktepe were noted. It is observed that Afghan total migrant population recorded in the sub-province foreign nationals living in the sub-province come during Baseline 1 and 94.6 per cent of that recorded from Ümraniye Hekimbaşı, Beykoz Yenimahalle and during Baseline 2. Üsküdar Küçüksu mahalle. In addition, it is observed that the migration of migrants still continues towards According to Baseline 2, 31.9 per cent of the migrants Sultanbeyli which has the highest migrant presence in Sultanbeyli came to the sub-province in 2016 and among the sub-provinces on the Anatolian side. after, while 68.1 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. Apart from the Syrian nationals, the other migrant Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province communities registered in the sub-province are Afghan, In the field study, it was found that despite the small Iraqi and Chinese Uyghur foreign nationals. During surface area of Sultanbeyli sub-province, there were the interviews with key informants, it was stated that migrant presence in all mahalle (15) and people from Chinese Uyghurs in Adil neighbourhood increased 37 different nationalities lived in the sub-province. gradually due to the social bond that they established According to interviews with mukhtars and craftsmen, within their community in the sub-province. the main reason why Syrians preferred the sub- province was because of the social ties with relatives Population : 327,798 and friends settled there, good integration with the 2 locals, affordable lifestyle in the sub-province, and the Area km : 29.1 Mahalle : 15

Figure 143. General Information on Sultanbeyli

98 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 45. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sultanbeyli

Syrian Arab Republic 69.9% 30.1% Afghanistan 53.2% 46.8% Iraq 56.4% 43.6% Pakistan 18.9% 81.1% China 13.2% 86.8%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 144. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sultanbeyli

99 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ÜMRANİYE SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 16,293 64.3% 72.1% 19,211 Republic Republic 3,655 14.4% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 10.4% 2,784

342 1.3% Afghanistan Turkmenistan 9.7% 2,590 Islamic Republic 250 1.0% of Iran Uzbekistan 4.8% 1,286 4,794 18.9% Other Other 2.9% 781 Figure 145. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Ümraniye 25,334 26,652 Figure 146. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Ümraniye Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets Afghan foreign nationals has increased recently, as Baseline 2 findings suggest that 26,652 migrants are can be confirmed when compared with the findings present in Ümraniye sub-province, while Baseline of previous Baseline Assessment phase in Istanbul 1 data recorded a total of 25,334 migrants When province. Data collected during Baseline 2 supports compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during this information. Furthermore, key informants noted Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 1,318 more that the ongoing urban transformation in some migrants in the sub-province. mahalle of the sub-province has an increasing effect on migrant population. This is especially true in mahalle Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants with construction sites, where Syrian and Afghan men in Ümraniye sub-province as is evident from both are reported to be working. Baseline 1 (16,293) and Baseline 2 (19,211) datasets. In interviews with mukhtars, craftsmen and the Accordingly, Syrians account for 64.3 per cent of the Municipality, it was stated that the migrant population total migrant population recorded in the sub-province in the sub-province has been increasing due to during Baseline 1 and 72.1 per cent of that recorded the low rent prices in the mahalle where there during Baseline 2. was no urban transformation and benefit given to migrants by municipality, charitable organizations According to Baseline 2, 24.2 per cent of the migrants and philanthropist. The reason for the increase in in Ümraniye came to the sub-province in 2016 and the number of Afghan foreign nationals in the sub- after, while 75.8 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. province is shown as labour market located at the intersection point of Beykoz Yenimahalle, Üsküdar Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province Küçüksu and Ümraniye Hekimbaşı mahalle. It has been During SASF and SSC interviews, the representatives observed that the density of Afghan foreign nationals suggested that the presence of Syrian nationals in in Hekimbaşı mahalle has recently started to shift the sub-province has not changed much recently; towards other and surrounding sub-provinces. however, the presence of Turkmen, Uzbek and

Population : 690,193

Area km2 : 45.0

Mahalle : 37

Figure 147. General Information on Ümraniye

100 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 46. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Ümraniye

Syrian Arab Republic 89.4% 10.6% Afghanistan 53.6% 46.4% Turkmenistan 21.7% 78.3% Uzbekistan 51.3% 48.7% Georgia 100% 0%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 148. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Ümraniye

101 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 10

102 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 10 Bağcılar, Esenler, Güngören Baseline 2 findings suggest that 214,916 migrants are 1 (103,044) and Baseline 2 (158,435) datasets. present in Region 10 of İstanbul which covers Bağcılar, Accordingly, Syrians account for 82.9 per cent of Esenler, Güngören sub-provinces, while Baseline 1 the total migrant population recorded in the Region recorded a total of 124,341 migrants. As such, when during Baseline 1 and 73.7 per cent of that recorded compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during during Baseline 2. Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 90,575 more migrants in the Region. According to Baseline 2 results, 21.7 per cent of the migrants in Region 10 came to the Region in 2016 and Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of after, while 78.3 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. migrants in Region 10 as is evident from both Baseline

B1 B2

124,341 214,916

Figure 149. Region 10 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 47. Region 10

103 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BAĞCILAR SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 52,509 84.2% 74.1% 79,305 Republic Republic 1,388 2.2% Iraq Georgia 4.1% 4,408

1,098 1.8% Egypt Afghanistan 4.1% 4,362

1,021 1.6% Turkmenistan Azerbaijan 3.4% 3,629

6,365 10.2% Other Other 14.3% 15,351 Figure 150. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bağcılar 62,381 107,055 Figure 151. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bağcılar Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets especially in 15 Temmuz, Demirkapı and Hürriyet, and Baseline 2 findings suggest that 107,055 migrants are that the general population increased with the arrival present in Bağcılar sub-province, while Baseline 1 data of these migrants. The high number of dwellings and recorded a total of 62,381 migrants. As such, when cheap rents as well as the employment opportunities compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during in the textile and industrial sites in the sub-province, Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 44,674 more are factors that increase the presence of migrants in migrants in the sub-province. Bağcılar. For this reason, while determining a significant diversity of nationalities in the sub-province, it is Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of learned that the largest migrant community of Syrians migrants in Bağcılar sub-province as is evident from began to settle in Bağcılar since the first years of the both Baseline 1 (52,509) and Baseline 2 (79,305) Syrian conflict. datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 84.2 per cent of the total migrant population recorded in the In the field study, a structure with low income sub-province during Baseline 1 and 74.1 per cent of level, significant conservatism and solidarity in social that recorded during Baseline 2. environment was observed in the mahalle of July 15, Demirkapı and Hürriyet, which migrants preferred the According to Baseline 2, 19 per cent of the migrants most. According to mukhtars in the mahalle, sheltered in Bağcılar came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, sites (such as Batışehir, Atakent and Bakırkent) located while 81 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. within the borders of Göztepe and Güneşli mahalle are preferred by Iranian, Iraqi and Libyan foreign nationals Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province with high income level. Bağcılar Municipality officials In the meetings held with the mukhtars and craftsmen stated that after income level of Syrians increased, in Bağcılar, it was stated that Syrian nationals were they moved from Bağcılar to Basaksehir. concentrated in all mahalle of the sub-province,

Population : 734,369

Area km2 : 22.0

Mahalle : 22

Figure 152. General Information on Bağcılar

104 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 48. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bağcılar

Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Georgia 33.2% 66.7% Afghanistan 30.2% 69.8% Azerbaijan 67.2% 32.8% Uzbekistan 4.4% 95.6%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 153. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bağcılar

105 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ESENLER SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 35,499 89.8% 76.5% 58,342 Republic Republic 636 1.6% Turkmenistan Pakistan 7.9% 6,017

476 1.2% Iraq Afghanistan 7.2% 5,500

409 1.0% Azerbaijan Uzbekistan 2.0% 1,554

2,524 6.4% Other Other 6.3% 4,815 Figure 154. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Esenler

39,544 76,228 Figure 155. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Esenler Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets agents, the recent migration flow from sub-provinces Baseline 2 findings suggest that 76,228 migrants are such as Bağcılar and Esenyurt has led to a significant present in Esenler sub-province, while Baseline 1 data increase in the number of migrants in Esenler. It is recorded a total of 39,544 migrants. As such, when stated that Syrian citizens can easily find jobs and be compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during preferred by employers because of working for low Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 36,684 more wages in textile workshops in the sub-province. migrants in the sub-province. In the interviews with tradesmen, it was emphasized Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of that not only Syrian citizens but also people of migrants in Esenler sub-province as is evident from different nationalities worked in the large employment both Baseline 1 (35,499) and Baseline 2 (58,342) areas in the sub-province. The mukhtar of the Yavuz datasets. Accordingly, Syrians account for 89.8 per Selim mahalle stated that there were many Afghan and cent of the total migrant population recorded in the Pakistani nationals who resided in the mahalle for a sub-province during Baseline 1 and 76.5 per cent of short time due to the location of the Büyük İstanbul Bus that recorded during Baseline 2. Station. Afghan and Pakistani foreign nationals generally enter Turkey through Ağrı and Van provinces and take According to Baseline 2, 22.6 per cent of the migrants buses to İstanbul. In addition, Esenler is located close in Esenler came to the sub-province in 2016 and after, to Zeytinburnu and Sultangazi sub-provinces, with the while 77.4 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. most populous migrant communities in Afghan and Pakistani foreign nationals. According to local sources, Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province this is one of the reasons for the growing presence According to the information obtained during the of these two nationalities in Esenler. The presence of interviews with the municipality, SSC and the mukhtars Bangladeshi foreign nationals in Fatih, Menderes and in Esenler, the main reason for the high migrant presence Danube mahalle in Esenler sub-province is explained in the sub-province was its the geographical location by strong migrant networks. and local labour market. In addition, according to the statements of the mahalle mukhtars and real estate Population : 444,561

Area km2 : 52.3

Mahalle : 16

Figure 156. General Information on Esenler

106 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 49. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Esenler

Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Pakistan 0% 100% Afghanistan 0% 100% Uzbekistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 5.6% 94.4%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 157. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Esenler

107 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

GÜNGÖREN SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 15,036 67.1% 65.7% 20,788 Republic Republic 1,652 7.4% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 5.6% 1,770

890 4.0% Iraq Turkmenistan 5.3% 1,673

517 2.3% Afghanistan Georgia 5.1% 1,628

4,321 19.3% Other Other 18.3% 5,774 Figure 158. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Güngören 22,416 31,633 Figure 159. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Güngören Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets people of Turkmen and Georgian foreign nationals The Baseline 2 findings suggest that 31,633 migrants were mostly residing in these three mahalle, interviews are present in Güngören sub-province, while Baseline with mukhtars revealed that this intersection was a 1 recorded a total of 22,416 migrants. As such, when gathering point for access to textile workshops and compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during industrial zones. In the interviews conducted with Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 9,217 more craftsmen in Güneştepe and Maraşal Çakmak mahalle, migrants in the sub-province. it was stated that foreign nationals employed in daily work in garment workshops in Soğanlı Street were Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants selected by intermediary persons and transported to in Güngören sub-province as is evident from both their workplaces with shuttles. Other sub-province Baseline 1 (15,036) and Baseline 2 (20,788) datasets. mukhtars stated that the sub-province offers low-cost Accordingly, Syrians account for 67.1 per cent of the housing opportunities for people with low income total migrant population recorded in the sub-province levels as well as various job opportunities. during Baseline 1 and 65.7 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. On the Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Street, which is within the borders of Güneştepe mahalle, it is observed that According to Baseline 2, 28.6 per cent of the migrants there are restaurants, buffets, bijouterie and telephone in Güngören came to the sub-province in 2016 and shops belonging to Syrian citizens. In the interviews after, while 71.4 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. with the source persons, it was stated that the women of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Georgia do daily Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province housekeeping and nursing, while the men work in During interviews with SASF representatives, Syrians construction and porters. In addition, it is informed were noted to be the largest migrant group in the that some Turkmenistan women are working as sub-province, concentrated in Güneştepe, Maraşal Russian and English teachers in kindergartens. Çakmak and Merkez mahalle. 50 per cent of the Syrian population in the Maraşal Çakmak mahalle consists of Syrian Turkmen. While it was determined that the Population : 289,331

Area km2 : 7.2

Mahalle : 11

Figure 160. General Information on Güngören

108 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 50. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Güngören

Syrian Arab Republic 100% 0% Afghanistan 0% 100% Turkmenistan 0% 100% Georgia 22.2% 77.8% Uzbekistan 22.2% 77.8%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 161. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Güngören

109 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 11

110 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 11 Bayrampaşa, Zeytinburnu Baseline 2 findings suggest that 100,539 migrants are (34,693) and Baseline 2 (43,523) datasets. Accordingly, present in the Region 11 of İstanbul province, which Syrians account for 50.2 per cent of the total migrant covers Bayrampaşa and Zeytinburnu sub-provinces, population recorded in the Region during Baseline 1 while Baseline 1 data recorded a total of 69,088 and 43.3 per cent of that recorded during Baseline 2. migrants. As such, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy According to Baseline 2 results, 43.8 per cent of the of 31,451 more migrants living in the Region. migrants in the Region 11 came to the Region in 2016 and after, while 56.2 per cent arrived in 2015 or before. Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants in the Region 11 as is evident from both Baseline 1

B1 B2

69,088 100,539

Figure 162. Region 11 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 51. Region 11

111 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

BAYRAMPAŞA SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 10,299 61.5% 54.6% 19,020 Republic Republic 1,296 7.7% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 10.5% 3,655

405 2.4% Iraq Pakistan 9.3% 3,240

180 1.1% Islamic Republic Uzbekistan 7.6% 2,634 of Iran 4,558 27.2% Other Other 18.1% 6,291 Figure 163. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bayrampaşa 16,738 34,840 Figure 164. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bayrampaşa Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets took buses from this province directly to İstanbul. In Baseline 2 findings suggest that 34,840 migrants are addition, because of the central location of the sub- present in Bayrampaşa sub-province, while Baseline province, closeness to İstanbul’s historical peninsula 1 data recorded a total of 16,738 migrants. As such, and surrounding sub-provinces such as Esenler, when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected Sultangazi, Gaziosmanpaşa, Eyüpsultan, Fatih and during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 18,102 more Zeytinburnu, which had a high migrant population, migrants living in the sub-province. Bayrampaşa was preferred by different migrant communities who came to İstanbul in recent years. Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants However, the presence of people who came from in Bayrampaşa sub-province as is evident from both Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Albania and North Baseline 1 (10,299) and Baseline 2 (19,020) datasets. Macedonia years ago, previously as migrants, but later Accordingly, Syrians account for 61.5 per cent of the Turkish citizens, made Bayrampaşa different from total migrant population recorded in the sub-province other sub-provinces. During interviews in the sub- during Baseline 1 and 54.6 per cent of that recorded province, it was observed that the houses were not during Baseline 2. to be rented by owners to the migrants coming to the sub-province recently. This led to the concentration of According to Baseline 2 results, 44.6 per cent of the migrant presence in certain mahalle, as found in this migrants in Bayrampaşa came to the sub-province in Baseline 2. It was determined that half of the total 2016 and after, while 55.4 per cent arrived in 2015 migrant population, especially Syrian, Afghan, Pakistani and before. and Uzbek foreign nationals, resided in Muratpaşa, Orta and Vatan mahalle. Since house rents are more Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province affordable, Afghans and Pakistanis are able to live in Bayrampaşa sub-province was one of the first points crowded group accommodations, industrial sites are that migrants who come to İstanbul by bus because concentrated and Migrant Health Centre is located of the Grand İstanbul Bus Station. Due to the fact in Vatan mahalle, there is a high migrant presence in that the Greater İstanbul Bus Station is located in the these mahalles. sub-province, it was observed that there were a large number of Afghan and Pakistani foreign nationals who Population : 271,073 resided in the sub-province for a short time. Afghan 2 and Pakistani foreign nationals generally entered Area km : 7.0 Turkey through Agri and Van provinces, and then Mahalle : 11

Figure 165. General Information on Bayrampaşa

112 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 52. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bayrampaşa

Syrian Arab Republic 71.5% 28.5% Afghanistan 15.4% 84.6% Pakistan 52.8% 47.2% Uzbekistan 6.9% 93.1% Turkmenistan 14.2% 85.8%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 166. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bayrampaşa

113 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

ZEYTİNBURNU SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 24,394 46.6% Republic Republic 37.3% 24,503 10,874 20.8% Afghanistan Afghanistan 32.5% 21,363

33,92751 7.5% Turkmenistan China 10.3% 6,736

844 1.6% Iraq Uzbekistan 6.0% 3,952

12,311 23.5% Other Other 13.9% 9,145 Figure 167. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Zeytinburnu 52,350 65,699 Figure 168. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Zeytinburnu Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets settlement point for these two migrant communities Baseline 2 findings suggest that 65,699 migrants are in İstanbul. However, recently, due to reasons such present in Zeytinburnu sub-province, while Baseline as the overpopulation of migrants and the increase 1 data recorded a total of 52,350 migrants. As such, in rent costs, Afghan and Chinese Uyghur foreign when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected nationals started to move to other sub-provinces. during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 13,349 more For example, in the Baseline 2, although there was a migrants in the sub-province. significant increase in the Afghan population in İstanbul compared to October–December 2018 period, there Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of migrants was a limited increase in Zeytinburnu. This confirmed in Zeytinburnu sub-province as is evident from both the information received from associations and Baseline 1 (24,394) and Baseline 2 (24,503) datasets. other source persons and showed that the Afghans Accordingly, Syrians account for 46.6 per cent of the who come to İstanbul are scattered in different sub- total migrant population recorded in the sub-province provinces from Zeytinburnu. Likewise, according during Baseline 1 and 37.3 per cent of that recorded to the information obtained from opinion leaders during Baseline 2. and associations, Uyghurs also left Zeytinburnu for settlement in Küçükçekmece and Silivri sub-provinces. According to Baseline 2, 43.3 per cent of the migrants in Zeytinburnu came to the sub-province in 2016 and The main reasons for the intense migrant presence in after, while 56.7 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. Zeytinburnu sub-province were the central location of the sub-province, proximity to other sub-provinces Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province where there was a large number of migrants such as Within the scope of the Baseline 2, all the associations Fatih and job opportunities in the leather and textile formed by mahalle mukhtars, SSC, SASF and migrant manufacturing sectors. Information from source communities interviewed in Zeytinburnu pointed persons indicated that migrants from almost every out the high presence of migrants from Afghanistan nationality in the sub-province worked informally in and China foreign nationals in the sub-province. leather and textile workshops. According to baseline 2 data, the identification of the largest Afghan and Uyghur communities from Xinjiang Population : 284,935 Uyghur Autonomous Region of China in Zeytinburnu 2 supported the information obtained from the Area km : 12.0 source persons. During interviews with associations Mahalle : 13 established by migrant groups, it was learned that Zeytinburnu sub-province was the main destination and Figure 169. General Information on Zeytinburnu

114 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 53. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Zeytinburnu

Syrian Arab Republic 56.7% 43.3% Afghanistan 35.3% 64.7% China 100% 0% Uzbekistan 23.5% 76.5% Turkmenistan 93.3.% 6.7%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 170. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Zeytinburnu

115 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019 REGION 12

116 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

REGION 12 Fatih Baseline 2 findings suggest that 182,440 migrants are Baseline 1 (47,212) and Baseline 2 (80,920) datasets. present in the Region 12 of İstanbul province, which Accordingly, Syrians account for 44.6 per cent of the covers only the Fatih sub-province, while Baseline 1 total migrant population recorded in the sub-province data recorded a total of 105,757 migrants. As such, during Baseline 1 and 44.4 per cent of that recorded when compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during in Baseline 2. during Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 76,683 more migrants in Fatih. According to Baseline 2 results, 50.6 per cent of the migrants in Fatih came to the sub-province in 2016 Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of and after, while 49 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. migrants in Fatih sub-province as is evident from both

B1 B2

105,757 182,440

Figure 171. Region 12 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures

Map 54. Region 12

117 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

FATİH SUB-PROVINCE

B1 B2

Syrian Arab Syrian Arab 47,212 44.6% 44.4% 80,920 Republic Republic 9,355 8.8% Iraq Uzbekistan 9.7% 17,656

6,075 5.7% Turkmenistan Afghanistan 7.2% 13,185

3,999 3.8% Egypt Iraq 3.9% 7,124

39,116 37.0% Other Other 34.8% 63,555 Figure 172. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Fatih 105,757 182,440 Figure 173. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Fatih Legend: Baseline 1 Baseline 2 Percentages Comparison of Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 Datasets people continued to live in the sub-province, some Baseline 2 findings suggest that 182,440 migrants are of them moved to other sub-provinces such as present in Fatih sub-province, while Baseline 1 data Başakşehir, Esenyurt and Bağcılar. Syrians who left recorded a total of 105,757 migrants. As such, when their registered provinces preferred to stay in the sub- compared to Baseline 1, the data collected during province due to different reasons that varied according Baseline 2 reveals a discrepancy of 76,683 more to their socioeconomic level. In other words, people migrants in Fatih. from lower income groups settled in the sub-province because of the activities organized for the poor and Syrian nationals constitute the largest group of needy migrants in the sub-province by NGOs and migrants in Fatih sub-province as is evident from n both institutions through which they received education Baseline 1 (47,212) and Baseline 2 (80,920) datasets. and health services. On the other hand, people with Accordingly, Syrians account for 44.6 per cent of the high socioeconomic level rented houses and shops in total migrant population recorded in the sub-province the sub-province thanks to its economic potential. during Baseline 1 and 44.4 per cent of that recorded during in Baseline 2. During Baseline 2, migrants and refugees of more than 80 foreign nationals were identified in the Fatih sub- According to Baseline 2 results, 50.6 per cent of the province. The main reasons for the dense migrant migrants in Fatih came to the sub-province in 2016 and presence in Fatih sub-province were the suitability after, while 49.4 per cent arrived in 2015 and before. of the sub-province for migrant mobility and job opportunities. Due to its location on the historical peninsula, the touristic structure of the sub-province Key Findings on Migrant Presence in the Sub-province and the large number of hotels and businesses offered When comparing Baseline 1 and Baseline 2 data in long- and short-term employment opportunities to Fatih sub-province, there was an overall increase in foreigners. Especially for tourists from the Middle the presence of migrants, especially Syrian nationals. East, migrants whose native language was Arabic were According to information received from local employed in the service sector. Foreign nationals of resource persons and agencies in the sub-province, Syrian nationals kept coming to Fatih sub-province Population : 436,539 from other sub-provinces of Turkey, especially sub- 2 provinces located close to the borders with the Area km : 15.6 Syrian Arab Republic. Due to the long-established Mahalle : 57 Syrian community in the sub-province, the existing communication network made it the first choice Figure 174. General Information on Fatih for Syrians coming to İstanbul. While some of these

118 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 55. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Fatih

Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Afghanistan were also preferred by employers as they are known for their hard work and willingness to accept lower pay. In addition to these nationalities, local informants stated that the number of Bangladeshi foreign nationals has recently grown in number and thus increased its share in the labour market in the sub-province. They also stated that migrants from African countries increased the competition in the market because they adapted to flexible working hours and difficult working conditions.

Syrian Arab Republic 52.0% 48.0% Uzbekistan 73.2% 26.8% Afghanistan 2.3% 97.7% Iraq 79.9% 20.1% Turkmenistan 92.5% 7.5%

100 50 0 50 100

in 2015 or before in 2016 or after Figure 175. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Fatih

119 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

DTM AND MIGRANT PRESENCE MONITORING IN TURKEY

The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is IOM’s operating in 25 Provinces since October 2018 information management system, used to track and and has to date completed four FMS and three monitor population displacement. Composed of Baseline Assessments2 in 24 of the provinces.3 This a variety of tools and processes, the DTM regularly has been made possible with the ongoing support captures and processes multi-layered data and from PRM and other donors and has allowed the disseminates a wide array of information products that Programme to reach an estimated to be present 77 facilitate a better understanding of the evolving needs per cent of the refugee and migrant population in of a displaced population, be it on-site or en route. Turkey. In total, MPM’s network counts 21,667 key informants (predominantly mukhtars)4 for the Baseline To better understand and subsequently address the Assessments; the Programme has also engaged with scale and complexity of the current migration flows 12,691 migrants through direct interviews over the to and through Turkey as well as the stock of refugees four rounds of the surveys.5 The results of the surveys, and migrants present in the country, IOM has been Baseline Assessments and compilations are available at 1 successfully applying its DTM toolbox to the Turkish MPM’s website: migration.iom.int/Europe. context since 2016 through MPM. Notably, MPM focuses on monitoring movement and presence of MPM in Turkey is supported by its global network migrants in Turkey. The Programme was established of DTM technical field experts numbering over 200 in Turkey in 2016, after which IOM signed an exclusive staff in total, covering over 68 countries worldwide. Letter of Understanding (LoU) with DGMM in March In addition, the Regional DTM Team, based in IOM’s 2017 to carry out migration data collection in Turkey. Regional Office in Vienna, and a Global DTM Support IOM’s LoU with the GoT allows for access to DGMM’s Team based in Geneva work closely with MPM team in migrant databases at the provincial and sub-provincial Ankara. Composed of experts with various technical levels. This setting gives grounds for a holistic, dynamic and operational backgrounds including Data Analysis, and comparative approach to gathering collecting and Geographic Information Systems, and field data analyzing data on refugees and migrants. collection operations, they extend support to MPM IOM’s MPM Turkey Programme has been Programme in Turkey, by providing guidance, training and quality control.6

1. DTM is a system which regularly captures, processes and disseminates multi-layered information on the mobility, locations, vulnerabilities and needs of refugees and migrants within the country. DTM components are explained further on http://www.globaldtm.info/global/ and the DTM Info sheet

2. This includes one Baseline Assessment conducted in İstanbul.

3. Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Hatay, Van, Mersin, Konya, Çorum, Eskişehir, İzmir, Kocaeli, Edirne, Samsun, Bursa, Bilecik, Burdur, Kırkareli, Çanakkale, Sakarya, Aydin, Aksaray, Isparta, Ağrı, Trabzon, Yalova, Kahramanmaraş.

4. Heads of the smallest administrative units in Turkey who are the main key informants for MPM Baseline Assessment.

5. The produced reports concerning the results of surveys can be found at migration.iom.int/Europe.

6. https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_work/DOE/humanitarian_emergencies/IOM-DTM-Infosheet.pdf

120 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

KEY DEFINITIONS Temporary Protection (TP): Protection status granted within the definition outlined in Article I of the to foreigners, who were forced to leave their countries Convention, originating from a non-European country. and are unable to return to the countries they left and arrived at or crossed our borders in masses to Subsidiary Protection: If unable to qualify for the status seek urgent and temporary protection and whose of either refugee or conditional refugee, a person can international protection requests cannot be taken be awarded the status of subsidiary protection under under individual assessment.7 This type of protection certain criteria as outlined in LFIP. This status may also is provided by the GoT largely to Syrian nationals, but be applied to stateless persons. also includes refugees from Syrian Arab Republic and stateless persons, entering Turkey as a result of the Residence Permit: As envisioned under LFIP, IP and TP Syrian crisis, namely after 28 April 2011. status holders are exempt from obtaining residency permits. International Protection (IP): Turkey is a party to both the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees and Work Permit: TIt's regulated by the Ministry of Labour, the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees; Social Services and Family with the positive opinion of however, the country’s Instrument of Accession to DGMM in accordance with article 6 of the International the Convention maintains the “geographical limitation” Labor Law 6735, based on the international labor of the Convention’s application to European asylum policy. seekers. Nevertheless, LFIP8 recognizes three types Irregular Migration: Although there is currently no clear of individual international protection status: refugee, or universally accepted definition, irregular migration conditional refugee, and subsidiary protection. generally refers to movement taking place outside the Migrant: An umbrella term, not defined under “regulatory norms of the sending, transit and receiving 12 international law, reflecting the common laycountries.” understanding of a person who moves away from ‘Top Five’ Nationalities: The five nationalities are the his or her place of usual residence, whether within a five foreign nationalities with the highest number of country or across an international border, temporarily representatives per province. This data is gathered or permanently, and for a variety of reasons. The term at provincial level by MPM during Baseline 1 and includes a number of well-defined legal categories 2. However, MPM also gathers data on all other of people, such as migrant workers; persons whose nationalities present in each province during Baseline 2 particular types of movements are legally-defined, such as smuggled migrants; as well as those whose status or means of movement are not specifically defined under international law, such as international students.9

Refugee: Conceived under the LFIP, this is a Turkish legal concept. To gain the status of a refugee, the person must fall within the definition outlined in Article I of the Convention, originating from a European country.10

Conditional Refugee: Conceived under the LFIP, this is a Turkish legal concept. To gain the status of a conditional refugee, the person must fall11 7. Temporary Protection Regulation, Part One, Article 3.

8. Adopted in April 2013 and came into effect a year later.

9. At the international level, no universally accepted definition for “migrant” exists. The present definition was developed by IOM for its own purposes and it is not meant to imply or create any new legal category. International Organization for Migration, Glossary on migration, IML Series No. 34, 2019. 10. Law on Foreigners and International Protection, Part Three, Section One, Article 61.

11. Law on Foreigners and International Protection, Part Three, Section One, Article 61.

12. Source: IOM https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms#Irregular-migration 121 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

TABLE OF FIGURES

Table of Figures Figure 1. Breakdown of top 4 nationality 6 Figure 2. Region and sub-provinces 8 Figure 3. Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 11 Figure 5. Arrival date breakdown of baseline 2 top 5 nationalities for İstanbul 11 Figure 4. Top 10 foreign nationalities according to Baseline 2 findings 11 Figure 6. General Information on Istanbul 11 Figure 7. Region 1 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 15 Figure 8. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Arnavutköy 16 Figure 9. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Arnavutköy 16 Figure 10. General Information on Arnavutköy 16 Figure 11. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Arnavutköy 17 Figure 12. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Başakşehir 18 Figure 13. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Başakşehir 18 Figure 14. General Information on Başakşehir 18 Figure 15. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Başakşehir 19 Figure 16. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Çatalca 20 Figure 17. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Çatalca 20 Figure 18. General Information on Çatalca 20 Figure 19. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Çatalca 21 Figure 20. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Silivri 22 Figure 21. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Silivri 22 Figure 22. General Information on Silivri 22 Figure 23. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Silivri 23 Figure 24. Region 2 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 25 Figure 25. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beylikdüzü 26 Figure 26. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beylikdüzü 26 Figure 27. General Information on Beylikdüzü 26 Figure 28. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beylikdüzü 27 Figure 29. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Büyükçekmece 28 Figure 30. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Büyükçekmece 28 Figure 31. General Information on Büyükçekmece 28 Figure 32. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Büyükçekmece 29 Figure 33. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Esenyurt 30 Figure 34. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Esenyurt 30 Figure 35. General Information on Esenyurt 30 Figure 36. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Esenyurt 31 Figure 37. Region 3 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 33 Figure 38. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Avcılar 34 Figure 39. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Avcılar 34 Figure 40. General Information on Avcılar 34 Figure 41. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Avcılar 35 Figure 42. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bahçelievler 36 Figure 43. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bahçelievler 36 Figure 44. General Information on Bahçelievler 36 Figure 45. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bahçelievler 37 Figure 46. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bakırköy 38 Figure 47. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bakırköy 38 Figure 48. General Information on Bakırköy 38 Figure 49. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bakırköy 39

122 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Figure 50. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Küçükçekmece 40 Figure 51. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Küçükçekmece 40 Figure 52. General Information on Küçükçekmece 40 Figure 53. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Küçükçekmece 41 Figure 54. Region 4 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 43 Figure 55. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Eyüpsultan 44 Figure 56. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Eyüpsultan 44 Figure 57. General Information on Eyüpsultan 44 Figure 58. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Eyüpsultan 45 Figure 59. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Gaziosmanpaşa 46 Figure 60. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Gaziosmanpaşa 46 Figure 61. General Information on Gaziosmanpaşa 46 Figure 62. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Gaziosmanpaşa 47 Figure 63. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sultangazi 48 Figure 64. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sultangazi 48 Figure 65. General Information on Sultangazi 48 Figure 66. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sultangazi 49 Figure 67. Region 5 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 51 Figure 68. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beşiktaş 52 Figure 69. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beşiktaş 52 Figure 70. General Information on Beşiktaş 52 Figure 71. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beşiktaş 53 Figure 72. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beyoğlu 54 Figure 73. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beyoğlu 54 Figure 74. General Information on Beyoğlu 54 Figure 75. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beyoğlu 55 Figure 76. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Kağıthane 56 Figure 77. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Kağıthane 56 Figure 78. General Information on Kağıthane 56 Figure 79. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Kağıthane 57 Figure 80. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Şişli 58 Figure 81. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Şişli 58 Figure 82. General Information on Şişli 58 Figure 83. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Şişli 59 Figure 84. Region 6 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 61 Figure 85. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Kartal 62 Figure 86. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Kartal 62 Figure 87. General Information on Kartal 62 Figure 88. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Kartal 63 Figure 89. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Maltepe 64 Figure 90. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Maltepe 64 Figure 91. General Information on Maltepe 64 Figure 92. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Maltepe 65 Figure 93. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Pendik 66 Figure 94. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Pendik 66 Figure 95. General Information on Pendik 66 Figure 96. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Pendik 67 Figure 97. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Tuzla 68 Figure 98. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Tuzla 68 Figure 99. General Information on Tuzla 68 Figure 100. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Tuzla 69 Figure 101. Region 7 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 71

123 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Figure 102. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Adalar 72 Figure 103. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Adalar 72 Figure 104. General Information on Adalar 72 Figure 105. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Adalar 73 Figure 106. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Ataşehir 74 Figure 107. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Ataşehir 74 Figure 108. General Information on Ataşehir 74 Figure 109. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Ataşehir 75 Figure 110. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Kadıköy 76 Figure 111. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Kadıköy 76 Figure 112. General Information on Kadıköy 76 Figure 113. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Kadıköy 77 Figure 114. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Üsküdar 78 Figure 115. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Üsküdar 78 Figure 116. General Information on for Üsküdar 78 Figure 117. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Üsküdar 79 Figure 118. Region 8 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 81 Figure 119. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Beykoz 82 Figure 120. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Beykoz 82 Figure 121. General Information on Beykoz 82 Figure 122. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Beykoz 83 Figure 123. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Çekmeköy 84 Figure 124. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Çekmeköy 84 Figure 125. General Information on Çekmeköy 84 Figure 126. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Çekmeköy 85 Figure 127. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sarıyer 86 Figure 128. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sarıyer 86 Figure 129. General Information on Sarıyer 86 Figure 130. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sarıyer 87 Figure 131. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Şile 88 Figure 132. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Şile 88 Figure 133. General Information on Şile 88 Figure 134. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Şile 89 Figure 135. Region 9 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 91 Figure 136. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sancaktepe 92 Figure 137. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sancaktepe 92 Figure 138. General Information on Sancaktepe 92 Figure 139. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sancaktepe 93 Figure 140. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Sultanbeyli 94 Figure 141. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Sultanbeyli 94 Figure 142. General Information on Sultanbeyli 94 Figure 143. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Sultanbeyli 95 Figure 144. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Ümraniye 96 Figure 145. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Ümraniye 96 Figure 146. General Information on Ümraniye 96 Figure 147. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Ümraniye 97 Figure 148. Region 10 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 99 Figure 149. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bağcılar 100 Figure 150. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bağcılar 100 Figure 151. General Information on Bağcılar 100 Figure 152. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bağcılar 101 Figure 153. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Esenler 102

124 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Figure 154. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Esenler 102 Figure 155. General Information on Esenler 102 Figure 156. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Esenler 103 Figure 157. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Güngören 104 Figure 158. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Güngören 104 Figure 159. General Information on Güngören 104 Figure 160. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Güngören 105 Figure 161. Region 11 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 107 Figure 162. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Bayrampaşa 108 Figure 163. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Bayrampaşa 108 Figure 164. General Information on Bayrampaşa 108 Figure 165. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Bayrampaşa 109 Figure 166. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Zeytinburnu 110 Figure 167. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Zeytinburnu 110 Figure 168. General Information on Zeytinburnu 110 Figure 169. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Zeytinburnu 111 Figure 170. Region 12 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 113 Figure 171. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Fatih 114 Figure 172. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures for Fatih 114 Figure 173. General Information on Fatih 114 Figure 174. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities for Fatih 115 Figure 175. Nationality Breakdown of Baseline 1 & 2 Figures and Percentages for Van 123 Figure 176. Baseline 1 & 2 Total Presence Figures 123 Figure 177. General Information on Arnavutköy 123 Figure 178. Arrival Date Breakdown of Baseline 2 Top 5 Nationalities 124 Figure 179. Region 1 Baseline 1 & 2 total presence figures 126

125 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

TABLE OF MAPS

Contents Map 1. Field work zones 10 Map 2. İstanbul 13 Map 3. Region 1 15 Map 4. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Arnavutköy 17 Map 5. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Başakşehir 19 Map 6. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Çatalca 21 Map 7. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Silivri 23 Map 8. Region 2 25 Map 9. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beylikdüzü 27 Map 10. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Büyükçekmece 29 Map 11. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Esenyurt 31 Map 12. Region 3 33 Map 13. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Avcılar 35 Map 14. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bahçelievler 37 Map 15. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bakırköy 39 Map 16. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Küçükçekmece 41 Map 17. Region 4 43 Map 18. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Eyüpsultan 45 Map 19. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Gaziosmanpaşa 47 Map 20. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sultangazi 49 Map 21. Region 5 51 Map 22. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beşiktaş 53 Map 23. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beyoğlu 55 Map 24. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Kağıthane 57 Map 25. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Şişli 59 Map 26. Region 6 61 Map 27. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Kartal 63 Map 28. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Maltepe 65 Map 29. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Pendik 67 Map 30. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Tuzla 69 Map 31. Region 7 71 Map 32. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Adalar 73

126 MIGRANTS’ PRESENCE MONITORING IN ISTANBUL PROVINCE BASELINE ASSESSMENT ROUND II MAY- JULY 2019

Map 33. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Ataşehir 75 Map 34. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Kadıköy 77 Map 35. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Üsküdar 79 Map 36. Region 8 81 Map 37. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Beykoz 83 Map 38. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Çekmeköy 85 Map 39. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sarıyer 87 Map 40. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Şile 89 Map 41. Region 9 91 Map 42. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sancaktepe 93 Map 43. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Sultanbeyli 95 Map 44. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Ümraniye 97 Map 45. Region 10 99 Map 46. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bağcılar 101 Map 47. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Esenler 103 Map 48. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Güngören 105 Map 49. Region 11 107 Map 50. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Bayrampaşa 109 Map 51. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Zeytinburnu 111 Map 52. Region 12 113 Map 53. Density Map Showing Baseline 2 Density in Mahalles of Fatih 115

127