. c.w t t t Ic?ooo;;-~s~~:-4, .. Report No: I . -- . ~...J,:_....,. :, • 2000f-058 --:.to01) .---· . • • Hayle Historical Assessment • Cornwall • ,.• Inventory • . I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cornwall Archaeological Unit • • • • •,, • • • • Appendix 3: Inventory of archaeological sites and • historic structures (Figs 14,15a-h & 16a-h) • This is an inventory of the 694 archaeological sites and historic structures identified during the Hayle Historical Assessment. It should be read in conjunction with the main report • text (bound as a separate document). Inventory items are cross-referred to in the main text • (particularly in Section 7, Surviving historic components) . As well as providing a brief description of each item, together with its PRN and NGR, the • inventory records whether it is scheduled or listed and, if so, provides its SM or LB number. 1bis allows cross-referencing with English Heritage's SM records and LB • descriptions, which contain additional information about these items . • The numbered items in Appendix 3 correspond to sites plotted in Figures 15 a-h (standing historic structures) or Figures 16a-h (demolished buried and artefact sites), which are • located at the back of the inventory. • • Abbreviations used in the inventory • C Century (eg C19 = 19th century) • Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council The Cornish Copper Company (also known in the 19th century as Sandys • Came and Vivian) • rno Cornwall Record Office HIP Hosken, Trevithick and Polkinghorne Ltd., millers, general grocers and • distributors, successors in Hayle to both J. H. Trevithick and Sons and William • Hosken and Sons. LB Listed Building • NGR National Grid Reference (eg SW55733683) • os Ordnance Survey • PRN Primary Record Number (in Cornwall and Scilly SMR) • RAF Royal Air Force SM Scheduled Monument • SMR. Cornwall and Scilly Sites and Monuments Record (housed at CAU) • [20] Cross-reference in main report to inventory item listed in Appendix 3 and • depicted in Figures 15a-h and 16a-h • • • • • • 1 • • • • 1 HAYLE, 5 FOUNDRY HILL (Fig 15b) • SCHOOL • SW55733683 PRN: 138970 LB: 11 Listed building (No. 12/173). School for foundry workers' children. 1838, enlarged mid-late C19. Built for Henry Harvey. Symmetrical 2 storey 3 window front to road, glazing bar sashes. Entrance on left return • (later C19 entrance at first floor level with porch). Granite and killas rubble with granite dressings, slatehanging to walls of rear wing. Hipped slurried scantle slate roof with wide eaves and ventilator holes • drilled into the soffits. Cast-iron ogee-section gutters. Large rectangular schoolroom each floor, school master's accommodation in rear wing. Harvey's continued to support the school financially until 1903, • when the new Education Act came into force. Now subdivided and used as a house. (List description; The Book of Hayle, C. Noall, 1984, 129) • 2 • HAYLE, 7 FOUNDRY HILL (Fig 15b) HOUSE • SW55733685 PRN: 138971 LB: 11 • Listed building (No. 12/91). House. 1842-77. Two storeys, 3 bay entrance front (right return), two bay road front. Hipped roof. Stuccoed walls and grouted scantle slate roof. Brick chimneys, over left-hand side wall and over cross walls and gable end to rear wing. Cast-iron ogee-gutters. Glazing bar sashes. The garden • (to roadside) is given over to car parking, and the front wall has been largely removed to allow access . • (List description). 3 • HAYLE, TREVITHICKS STORES, FOUNDRY LANE (Fig 15d) • STOREHOUSE SW55723711 PRN: 138972 LB: 11 • Listed building (No. 10/171). Now occupied as a garage and workshop by Ford Spares, Hayle. Built as part of the extension of the foundry in 1843-5 (when Foundry Lane and its large boundary walls were built. • Identified as a store on the plan of the Foundry of 1864 (GRH 148/1, CRO DOH 214/3/2). The structure is rectangular in plan, aligned roughly NW-SE, and is of rubble masonry under a hipped asbestos slate roof . Details include dressed granite quoins and a series of seven arches to the front at ground level. Of these, • five are in-filled and two are open with wooden doors. A series of window openings at first floor level is irregular in size and pattern, suggesting alterations in the past. The northern end of the building has a • similar in-filled brick arch to those in the roadside elevation. The rear wall of the structure appears at one time to have continued to the north, but it is now truncated and represented by a ragged edge of un­ • bonded masonry • 4 HAYLE, FOUNDRY LANE (Fig 15d) • WALL • SW55723703 PRN: 138976 LB: 11 Listed building (No. 10/1 000 1). Walls and structures associated with former iron foundry dating to circa • early C19. Built for Harvey and Co. Grouted rubble with granite and brick dressings. Included within the walled complex and the listing are arched doorways, and vaulted chambers/tunnels into the hillside. (See • list description) . 5 • HAYLE, FOUNDRY LANE (Fig 15d) • PATTERN SHOP SW55733713 PRN: 138977 LB: 11 • Listed building (No. 10/172). Pattern shop for the iron foundry built in the 1840s for Harvey and Co. lt is a large hip-roofed structure, constructed of killas and elvan rubble masonry with granite quoins and brick • detailing to some openings. The roof is covered in corrugated asbestos sheets, and at the southern end these have failed leaving the building open to the elements. The remains of possibly earlier structures are • attached at the north end . • • 3 • • • 6 • HAYLE, FOUNDRY LANE (Fig 15d) WAGON SHED • SW55723712 PRN: 138979 LB: 11 • Listed building (No. 10/172). Abutting the pattern shop on the foundry lane side is a wagon shed that also shares the former's corrugated asbestos roof. Constructed of rubble masonry the elevation facing the road • is open-fronted with the roof supported on octagonal wooden pillars, forming a series of bays where the carts were once stored. These openings are now closed by wooden doors that are a later addition and of modem design. Inside there is an upper floor supported by wooden joists. South end is a curved granite • wall. • 7 HAYLE, FOUNDRY LANE (Figs 15d/16d} • RESERVOIR • SW55753710 PRN: 138982 A reservoir was built between 1842 and 1853 (map evidence), which presumably supplied the boilers of • the engine working the Boring Mill constructed 1839-40 and other steam engines on the Foundry site. This area is now occupied by abandoned vehicles and debris, and it is assumed that the reservoir was in-filled • after the Foundry closed in 1903. The most substantial remains of the reservoir today are on the east, where the massive granite retaining wall defines the structure as it abuts Bookers with natural rock butting • the pattern stores [5] (built on quarried out land). 8 • HAYLE, FOUNDRY LANE (Figs 15d/16d} • BORING MILL SW55783709 PRN: 139873 LB: 11 • Listed building (No. 10/10001). The south wall of the boring mill survives with one massive buttress representing the beginning of the eastern elevation, as does the stub of the rear wall. 1839-40. The walls • are of rubble masonry with ashlar granite blocks in the quoins and openings. The floor space of the original building is now tarmac and in use as a car park. This building was the second Boring Mill on the •• Foundry site, and replaced the earlier water-powered Boring Mill in the Hammer Mill complex. Here large cylinders (up to 144 inches) were bored to finished size (Harvey's Foundry, Hayle, Cornwall: An • Archaeological Assessment, John R. Smith, 1999, CAU). 9 • HAYLE, FOUNDRY BARN (Fig 15d) • BOILER HOUSE SW55793708 PRN: 138984 LB: 11 • Listed building (No. 10/10001). Engine and Boiler House. This structure forms the northern end of the • building known as the Foundry Barn. Originally this was part of the Boring mill and former Erecting Shop, and should be interpreted as part of that structure. 1839-40, although there were already buildings here in 1816 (erecting sheds?). Construction is of masonry with dressed granite quoins. There is a fine arched • window to the front of the Engine House, another arch at ground level giving access to the boiler house and inside clear evidence of the flywheel position, supporting cross beam for the Bob, and the flue of the • boiler house leading to an external chimney stack, of which the base survives at the rear. The floor above the boiler house may have provided office space; there are line-shafts to convey power from the engine on • the upper floors. The power from the beam engine was transmitted from here directly to the Boring mill and via line-shafts to lathes, drills, and milling machines throughout the works. The engine would appear •• to have been larger than was necessarily required for this purpose, and it is assumed that it formed a Foundry showpiece to be shown to potential customers. • • • • • 4 • • • • • 10 HAYLE, FOUNDRY BARN (Fig 15d) • GRANARY • SW55793706 PRN: 138974 LB: 11 Listed building (No. 10/10001 ). Impressive for its height and typical late C18 or early C19 industrial design it is of rubble construction with dressed granite quoins and brick detailing to door and window designs. The • building is now unroofed and internal timber floors have collapsed and been removed. At ground level there are two arched openings that lead into vaulted chambers, whose function is unclear. The structure • appears from map evidence to date from circa 1825 (but possibly with an earlier core). The upper floors were used to store provender (oats, hay, and straw) for the Foundry horse teams, and there is access • from the Farm Yard and Stables at the rear. Line-shafts on the upper floors probably provided power for sack hoists. (Harvey's Foundry, Hayle, Cornwall: An Archaeological Assessment, John R Smith, 1999, CAU). The Trelissick estate was leased and farmed by Harvey's early C19 in addition to their own small • farmlands (E.