SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels were ranges from 4.25 mg/L to 5.81 mg/L. The DO levels at most of the sampling station were under Class II of NWQS. The high level of DO indicated that the river water is well aerated and healthy (Figure 6-27).

Figure 6-27 : Dissolved Oxygen Level for River Water Quality

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) at all the sampling stations were recorded less than 2 mg/L which fall under Class II of the NWQS.

Chemical Oxygen Demand

The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were range from 8 mg/L to 17 mg/L. The results at all sampling station were fall under Class II of the NWQS as shown in Figure 6-28.

Figure 6-28: Chemical Oxygen Demand Level for River Water Quality

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Total Dissolved Solids

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels were ranged between 35 mg/L to 60 mg/L as shown in Figure 6-29.

Figure 6-29: Total Dissolved Solid Level for River Water Quality

Total Suspended Solid (TSS)

The TSS levels were ranges from 6 mg/L – 30 mg/L as shown in Figure 6-30. The results at all sampling station were fall under Class I and Class II of the NWQS.

Figure 6-30: Total Suspended Solid Level for River Water Quality

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Ammoniacal Nitrogen

Ammoniacal Nitrogen was ranges from 0.1 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L as shown in Figure 6-31. All readings fall under Class I to Class III of NWQS.

Figure 6-31: Ammonical Nitrogen Level for River Water Quality

Nitrite and Nitrate

The readings for nitrate at all the sampling stations were less than 0.1 mg/L. The nitrate levels were ranges from 0.3 mg/L to 2.4 mg/L as shown in Figure 6-32.

Figure 6-32: Nitrate Level for River Water Quality

6-45 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

Potassium

The potassium levels for most sampling stations ranged from 1.11 mg/L to 3.25 mg/Las shown in Figure 6-33.

Figure 6-33: Potassium Level for River Water Quality

Faceal Coliform

The faceal coliform were ranges from 50 MPN/100 mL to 1060 MPN/100 mL. The presence of faecal coliform in aquatic environments may indicate that the water has been contaminated with the faecal material of humans or other animals or direct discharge of waste from mammals, birds and agricultural and storm runoff. The highest faecal coliform is at S3 (Figure 6-34).

Figure 6-34: Faecal Coliform Level for River Water Quality

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Oil and Grease

Oil & grease were below than 1 mg/L at all of the sampling stations.

Heavy Metals

Most of the heavy metals readings for river water samples were below the detection limits except for the slight detection of Chromium Trivalent, Total Iron, Manganese, and Boron as discuss further below:

 Chromium Trivalent Chromium was mostly below than 0.01mg/L in all of the collected river water samples except for S1.

 Manganese The manganese levels were ranges from 0.01 mg/L to 0.33 mg/L as shown in Figure 6-35.

Figure 6-35: Manganese Level for River Water Quality

 Boron Boron level were ranged from 0.008 mg/L to 0.029 mg/L which as shown in Figure 6-36.

Figure 6-36: Boron Level for River Water Quality

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 Total Iron The total iron were ranges from 0.5 mg/L to 2.26 mg/L as shown in Figure 6-37

Figure 6-37: Total Iron Level for River Water Quality

Water Quality Index (WQI)

Overall the water quality index was ranges from Class I to Class II. The summary of Water Quality Index (WQI) for each of sampling stations is shown in Table 6-14 below.

Table 6-14: Water Quality Index (WQI) Sampling Station WQI Class S1 94.2 I S2 91.5 II S3 93.9 I S4 93.2 I S5 93.8 I S6 86.6 II S7 94.6 I

6-48 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

6.12 FLORA

6.12.1 Study Methodology

The objective of this survey is to obtain the qualitative aspect of the botanical composition of the forest island. The survey is conducted by erecting five (5) 100 m lines transect make up of rapia strings. Any plant species including trees and non-trees (i.e. palms, shrubs, herbs, & climbers/creepers) and lower plants (ferns and fern-allies) that touches the strings will be recorded as presence. A further three (3) plots of 10 m x 10 m is erected to supplement the transect data. Line transects and plots are erected in strategic location to obtain a representative picture on the botanical composition of the forest island.

Where possible, all plant species is identified to the species level. Failing that it will be identified to at least the genus level using the taxonomical system currently used. All plant species is then grouped under their taxonomical family and listed alphabetically within the family members. Where identification cannot be made in the field, parts of the plants (i.e. the leaves, flowers, fruits and sometimes barks) are collected using plastic bags. Further identification process is conducted with the aid of relevant books or published articles on the flora of Peninsular Malaysia. If needed, reference is made to the herbarium collection of the University of Malaya or assistance sought from local plant taxonomists.

6.12.2 Floral Composition

The proposed project site is comprised of two ‘types’ of vegetated area. The first, which is much smaller in size of about only 10% of the total proposed project site then the second one, is a tall secondary forest (Plate 6-8). The original forest has been previously logged many years ago. What remains is trees with small diameter (less than 15cm) interspersed with shorter tree saplings, suitable for use as ‘kayu jaras’ (Plate 6-9). The tree crowns are small that allows abundance of sunlight to penetrate until the forest floor. At the fringe of the secondary forest, where there is direct sunlight, fern thickets thrive well (Plate 6-10).

Where there is wide opening in the forest cover, light-loving species such as the Amomum spp (Plate 6-11) took the opportunity to grow and provide foods for herbivors such as the deer and elephants. This secondary forest forms the best available wildlife habitat in the area despite its small size.

6-49 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

Plate 6-8: The secondary forest found in the proposed project site.

Plate 6-9: The forest floor is dominated by tree.

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Plate 6-10: The fern thickets, locally known as resam (Dicranopteris linearis)

Plate 6-11: Species from the ginger family, Amomum spp (tepus)

Sandwich between the secondary forest and the palm oil plantations, lies the greater part of the proposed project site. It is a highly degraded ‘belukar’ or bushy vegetation. It is dominated by shrub, fern-thickets and tall grasses such as the ‘mempiang’ as seen in the fore ground. (Plate 6-12).

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Plate 6-12: Bushy landscapes locally known as ‘belukar’.

Vegetation heights hardly exceed 4 m and are dominated by shrubby vegetation (Plate 6- 13 and Plate 6-14). Generally, the area prevails as a savanna type landscape where the shorter bush is widely interspersed by taller tree species (Plate 6-15). Many but smaller patches of barren soil, totally exposed without any vegetation cover can be found in abundant (Plate 6-16).

Plate 6-13: Shrub species, Trema orientalis (Menarong)

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Plate 6-14: Mallotus paniculatus (Balik Angin), a pioneering species of open areas.

Plate 6-15: Pulai (Alstonia angustiloba)

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Plate 6-16: Barren, exposed soil is quite prevalent in the proposed project site

A total of 116 plant species (including trees, palms, shrubs, herbs, climbers, creepers and ferns and fern allies) in 49 families was recorded during the survey (Table 6-16). This represents a mere 1.4% of the 8,500 species of vascular plants recorded for Peninsular Malaysia. Many of the species recorded are either common or found in abundance elsewhere in the country.

The presence of many pioneering species is also quite conspicuous especially near edges and canopy openings – an indication of disturbed environment. Examples are Trema orientalis, Mallotus paniculatus, Dycranopteris linearis and Macaranga gigantea Plate 6-17). All of these species are also common in wasteland and roadsides.Two of the species, Diospyros argentea (Bedil Lalat) and Eugeissona tristis (Bertam) is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

Plate 6-17: Mahang gajah (Macaranga gigantea)

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Table 6-15 List of flora species found at the proposed project area

NO FAMILY SPECIES VERNACULAR NAME 1. Alangiaceae Alangium ebenaceum Mentulang Daun 2. Anacardiaceae Campnosperma auriculatum Terentang Daun Besar 3. Annonaceae Monocarpia marginalis Mempisang 4. Apocynaceae Alstonia angustiloba Pulai 5. Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Pulai 6. Apocynaceae Dyera costulata Jelutong 7. Araliaceae Arthrophyllum sp. Susun Dahan 8. Blechnaceae Stenochlaena palustris Paku Miding 9. Burseraceae Canarium littorale Kedondong Bulan 10. Burseraceae Canarium patentinervium Kedondong 11. Burseraceae Dacryodes rostrata Kembayau 12. Burseraceae Santiria apiculata Kedondong 13. Burseraceae Santiria sp. Kedondong 14. Burseraceae Santiria tomentosa Kedondong 15. Burseraceae Triomma malaccensis - 16. Commelinaceae Amischotolype sp. - 17. Compositae Chromolaena odorata Malialam 18. Compositae Mikania cordata Selaput Tunggul 19. Connaraceae Agelaea borneensis Akar Kankacang 20. Cyperaceae Cyperus digitatus Rumput Tiga Segi 21. Dilleniaceae Acrotrema costatum Tutup Bumi Hutan 22. Dipterocarpaceace Anisoptera costata Mersawa Kesat 23. Dipterocarpaceace Anisoptera laevis Mersawa Durian 24. Dipterocarpaceace Dipterocarpus crinitus Keruing Mempelas 25. Dipterocarpaceace Dipterocarpus sublamellatus Keruing 26. Dipterocarpaceace Shorea parvifolia Meranti Sarang Punai 27. Dipterocarpaceace Shorea pauciflora Meranti Nemesu 28. Dipterocarpaceace Shorea sp. Meranti pa’ang? 29. Ebenaceae Diospyros argentea Kayu Arang; Bedil Lalat [endemic] 30. Euphorbiaceae Agrostistachys longifolia Jenjulong 31. Euphorbiaceae Aidia densiflora Menterbang 32. Euphorbiaceae Aporusa benthamiana Sebasah 33. Euphorbiaceae Breynia reclinata Hujan Panas 34. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga bancana Mahang Merah 35. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga gigantea Mahang Gajah 36. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga hypoleuca Mahang Putih 37. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga javanicus Mahang 38. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus macrostachyus Balik Angin Besar 39. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus paniculatus Balik Angin Kecil 40. Euphorbiaceae Neoscortechinia kingie Perupoh Jantan 41. Euphorbiaceae Pimelodendron sp. - 42. Fagaceae Castanopsis schefferiana Terentang 43. Fagaceae Lithocarpus lucidus Mempening 44. Fagaceae Lithocarpus rassa Rasa 45. Fagaceae Lithocarpus wallichianus Mempening 46. Fagaceae Quercus argentata Mempening 47. Flacourtiaceae Scaphocalyx spathacea - 48. Gleicheniaceae Dycranopteris linearis Resam 49. Gnetaceae Gnetum cuspidum Asam Anyang 50. Graminae Schizostachyum sp. Buluh 51. Guttiferae Garcinia urophylla Kandis 52. Guttiferae Mesua ferrea Penaga Lilin 53. Hypoxidaceae Molineria latifolia Lemba 54. Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthes icosandra Pagar Anak 55. Lecythidaceae Barringtonia macrostachya Putat 56. Leguminosae Archidendron bubalinum Kerdas 57. Leguminosae Callerya atropurpurea Tulang Daing 58. Leguminosae Dialium platysepalum Keranji 59. Leguminosae Entada spiralis Sintok 60. Leguminosae Intsia Palembanica Merbau 61. Leguminosae Koompassia malaccensis Kempas 62. Leguminosae Mimosa pudica Semalu 63. Leguminosae Sindora coriacea Sepetir Licin 64. Loganiaceae Fragraea racemosa Mempulih; Setebal 65. Maranthaceae Donax grandis Bemban 66. Melastomataceae Clidemia hirta Senduduk Bulu 67. Melastomataceae Lijndenia laurina Nipis Kulit 68. Melastomataceae Melastoma malabathricum Senduduk 69. Melastomataceae Oxyspora bullata Senduduk Gajah 70. Melastomataceae Pternandra echinata Sial Menahun 71. Meliaceae Sandoricum sp. Sentul 72. Menispermaceae Coscinium fenestratum Akar Kunyit 73. Moraceae Artocarpus elasticus Terap Nasi 74. Moraceae Ficus sp. Ara 75. Moraceae Streblus elongatus Tempinis 76. Myristicaceae Knema patentinervia Penarahan 77. Myristicaceae Knema scortechinii Penarahan Arang 78. Myristicaceae Myristica sp. Pala Hutan 79. Myrtaceae Rhodamnia cinerea Mempoyan 80. Myrtaceae Syzygium polyanthum Serai Kayu 81. Ochnaceae Campylospernum serratum Mata Ketam 82. Olacaceae Ochanostachys amentacea Petaling 83. Palmae Caryota mitis Dudur 84. Palmae Eleiodoxa conferta Kelubi 85. Palmae Eugeissona tristis Bertam [endemic] 86. Palmae Licuala longipes Palas 87. Palmae Plectocomiopsis sp. Rotan 88. Pandanaceae Pandanus sp. Mengkuang Besar 89. Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum eurhynchum - 90. Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia lanceolata Tetumpang

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NO FAMILY SPECIES VERNACULAR NAME 91. Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia longifolia Sakat 92. Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia piloselloides Duit-Duit 93. Rubiaceae Chasalia chartacea Jarum-Jarum; Buah Beras 94. Rubiaceae Diplospora malaccensis - 95. Rubiaceae Hedyotis philippinensis Lidah Jin 96. Rubiaceae Porterandia anisophylla Tinjau Belukar 97. Rubiaceae Timonius wallichianus Tulang-Tulang Jantan 98. Rubiaceae Urophyllum glabrum Melukut 99. Sapindaceae Pometia pinnata Kasai 100. Sapotaceae Palaquium gutta Nyatoh Taban Merah 101. Schzaeaceae Lygodium salicifolium Ribu-Ribu Gajah 102. Smilacaceae Smilax setosa Akar Banar 103. Sterculiaceae Heritiera simplicifolia Mengkulang 104. Sterculiaceae Scaphium macropodum Kembang Semangkok Jantung 105. Sterculiaceae Sterculia coccinea Cempaka Janggi 106. Tiliaceae Microcos fibrocarpa Cenderai Asam 107. Ulmaceae Gironniera nervosa Hampas Tebu 108. Ulmaceae Gironniera parvifolia Kasap 109. Ulmaceae Trema cannabina Mengkirai 110. Ulmaceae Trema orientalis Menarong 111. Verbenaceae Clerodendrum nutans Pepanggil Hutan 112. Verbenaceae Peronema canescens Sungkai 113. Verbenaceae Vitex pinnata Leban 114. Verbenaceae Vitex vestita Halban 115. Zingiberaceae Amomum spp. Tepus 116. Zingiberaceae Globba patens Meroyan Beruk

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6.13 FAUNA

6.13.1 Study Methodology

Intensive surveys were made at two (2) locations at the proposed project area for the trapping site, placement of mist-nets, harp trap and wire-mesh traps. Nets and traps were deployed at strategic places to catch the potential species. Surveys on foot were also made by following existing forest trails both during daylight and night time.

In addition to the intensive survey made within the project area, an extensive survey was made on vehicle along existing earth tracks surrounding the project area. As the name suggest, extensive surveys are made to sample as large as possible of the entire project area and its surrounding. A total of about 28 km of earth tracks was traversed for the extensive survey on two (2) consecutive days. At nights spotlights powered from a four- wheeler truck were used.

The presence of the vertebrate species in the project area was made based on direct and indirect evidences. Direct evidence was obtained using the following methods:

o Direct Visual Observation: Direct visual observations were made either with unaided eyes or aided with a pair of binoculars. Direct visual observation is made during extensive and intensive surveys. This method is suitable for birds especially the airborne ones and diurnal mammals. o Wire mesh trapping: Baited wire mesh traps were used to capture small mammals such as rats and squirrels. Palm oil fruits and bananas were used as baits. A total of 2 trapping nights was conducted. In each trapping night 30 baited wire mesh traps were placed at strategic locations (2039’5” N, 10305’20” E and 2039’26.2” N, 10304’56.9” E). o Mist-Netting: Nylon mist-nets (2.4 x 9m with 11/16” diamond mesh) were used to capture birds as well as bats. Five bird mist-nets and bat mist-nets were set at each trapping site giving a total of 10 nettings in 2 netting nights for the birds and bats respectively. Nets were hanged across strategic potential paths of bats near streams and forest trails in the same location of the wire mesh trap above. The nets for birds were manned from dawn to dusk while the nets for bats from dusk until mid-night. o Harp Traps: A Harp trap was set across trails and over streams to catch low-flying bats. The trap was deployed from dusk until dawn for two consecutive nights at each trapping site, resulting in 2 harp trapping nights.

Indirect evidence in the field is based on the following observations: o Eggs, larval or pupa stage o Faecal pellets, faeces or dung o Foot prints or hoof prints o Aural observations especially birds and certain calling mammals. o Feeding traces or sites o Bedding sites o Nests o Wallowing pools or sites o Well-worn trails / animal paths o Odour or scent for certain animals. o Carcass – careful interpretation needed.

Indirect evidence is also obtained through the following methods: o Interviews with locals. o Interviews with the officials from the wildlife department (PERHILITAN) and rangers from the Jabatan Renjer Rompin. o Literature reviews.

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6.13.2 Fauna Composition

6.13.2.1 Saltlicks

There are no sign of saltlicks observed during the surveys within the forest island or its immediate surroundings. Upon checking with the topographic map of the area and interviews with officers from the wildlife department confirmed the non-existent of such saltlicks.

6.13.2.2 Mamalian Fauna

A total of 55 mammalian species is present or expected to be present within the proposed project area and surrounding (Table 6-16). This represents about 17.6% of the 313 mammal species found in Peninsular Malaysia. Out of the 55 species found or expected to be found in the general proposed project area, 5 species are among the large mammals defined as those species having average adult weight 20 kg or more (Morrison et. al., 2007).

Only one of the Malaysian big 5 i.e. the tapirs may be present in the proposed project area. The other big mammals are pigs (Plate 6-18), leopards, and the deer species.

Plate 6-18: A Hoof print of the wild pigs is easily observed in the Proposed Project Site

Several small cat (Plate 6-19) and civet (Plate 6-20) species are presence as indicated by their faecal pellets. This photo was taken in one of the vehicular tracks that traverses the central part of the proposed project area.

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Plate 6-19: A typical cat faecal pellet of the smaller cat species found in the open portion of the Proposed Project Site

Plate 6-20: Recent faecal pellets of the civets found in exposed sandy terrain in the Proposed Project Site

As usual, typical of the Malaysian fauna, majority of the mammalian species are among the small and medium sized mammals, define as those having average adult weight of 1 kg or less and between 1-7 kg respectively. Thirty-two small mammals’ species are expected to be present. Of this, 18 species are bats, 5 species of squirrels and 5 species of rats and moles. The remainder species are the medium-sized mammals comprising of the primates, civets, mongoose, small cats, small artiodactyls and porcupines. Plate 6-21 shows the common short- nosed bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) netted in the area.

6-59 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

Plate 6-21: Fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) caught in the mist nets

As of 2007 and based on the taxonomy used in Wilson & Reeder (2005), 33 species of mammals are said to be exclusively found i.e. endemic in Malaysia. None of the mammal species found or expected to be found in the project area is endemic.

In terms of legal protection accorded by the Wildlife Act 2010, 15 or 24% of the mammalian species found or expected to be found in and around the proposed project area is ‘Totally Protected” species- listed under Schedule Two. Among this are the big mammals, pangolins, coucang, gibbons, bear, mustalids, mongoose, cats, squirrels and porcupines. Another 6 species are assigned as ‘Protected’ under Schedule One of the law. The Sixth Schedule listed 10 mammals’ species for aboriginie’s consumption of which 3 are present in the project area – the pigs, lesser mousedeer, and the Malayan porcupines.

In terms of global conservation status, all except one of the mammal species found or expected to be found in and around the proposed project area have been evaluated by The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Version 2016-3. None are categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). 3 species are categorised as Endangered (EN) which includes the pangolins, gibbons, and tapirs; 4 species assigned as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) including bat and the small cats; 4 species are ‘Near Threatened (NT), 50 species are accorded the “Least Concern” (LC) category and none for “Data Deficient” (DD) category and one (1) species, the Mueller’s rat is “Not Evaluated” as yet (NE).

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Table 6-16: List of Mammal species found or expected to be found in and around the proposed project area LEGAL IUCN NO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PROTECTION STATUS* FAMILY: MANIDAE PANGOLIN 1 Manis javanica Sunda Pangolin TP EN FAMILY: TALPIDAE MOLES 2 Suncus murinus House Shrew LC FAMILY: TUPAIIDAE TREESHREWS 3 Tupaia glis Common Treeshrew P LC FAMILY: PTEROPODIDAE FRUIT BATS 4 Cynopterus brachyotis Forest Short-Nosed Fruit Bat LC 5 Cynopterus sphinx Greater Short-Nosed Fruit Bat LC 6 Cynopterus horsfieldi Horsfield's Fruit Bat LC 7 Greater Long-Tongued Nectar LC Macroglossus sobrinus Bat FAMILY: NYCTERIDAE HOLLOW-FACED BATS 8 Megaderma spasma Lesser False-Vampire LC FAMILY: RHINOPOLIDAE HORSESHOE BATS 9 Rhinolophus trifoliatus Trefoil Horseshoe Bat LC 10 Rhinolophus sedulous Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat LC 11 Rhinolophus acuminatus Acuminate Horseshoe Bat LC 12 Rhinolophus affinis Intermediate Horseshoe Bat LC 13 Hipposideros bicolor Bicoloured Roundleaf Bat LC 14 Hipposideros armiger Great Roundleaf Bat LC 15 Coelops robinsoni Malaysian Tailless Roundleaf VU Bat FAMILY: VESPERTILIONIDAE COMMON BATS 16 Myotis horsfieldii Horsfield's Myotis LC 17 Glischropus tylopus Thick-Thumbed Pipistrelle LC 18 Tylonycteris robustula Greater Bamboo Bat LC 19 Tylonycteris pachypus Lesser Bamboo Bat LC 20 Kerivoula papillosa Papillose Woolly Bat LC 21 Chaerephon johorensis Johore Wrinkle-Lipped Bat NT FAMILY: LORISIDAE SLOW LORIS 22 Nycticebus coucang Sunda Slow Loris TP LC FAMILY: CERCOPITHECIDAE MONKEYS 23 Macaca fascicularis Long-Tailed Macaque P NT FAMILY: HYLOBATIDAE GIBBONS 24 Symphalangus syndactylus Siamang TP EN FAMILY: MUSTELIDAE MARTENS, WEASELS, BADGERS & OTTERS 25 Mustela nudipes Malay Weasel TP LC 26 Aonyx cinerea Oriental Small-Clawed Otter NT

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LEGAL IUCN NO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PROTECTION STATUS* 27 Viverra zibetha Large Indian Civet TP LC 28 Viverra tangalunga Malay Civet P LC 29 Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet P LC 30 Paradoxurus hermaphrodites Common Palm Civet P LC 31 Paguma larvata Masked Palm Civet TP LC FAMILY: HERPESTIDAE MONGOOSES 32 Herpestes brachyurus Short-Tailed Mongoose TP LC FAMILY: FELIDAE CATS 33 Panthera pardus Leopard TP VU 34 Neofelis nebulosa Clouded Leopard TP VU 35 Pardofelis marmorata Marbled Cat TP VU 36 Catopuma temminckii Asian Golden Cat TP NT 37 Prionailurus planiceps Flat-Headed Cat TP VU 38 Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Cat TP LC FAMILY: TAPIRIDAE TAPIRS 39 Tapirus indicus Asian Tapir TP EN FAMILY: SUIDAE PIGS 40 Sus scrofa Eurasian Wild Pig P/AC LC FAMILY: TRAGULIDAE MOUSEDEER 41 Tragulus kanchil Lesser Mousedeer P/AC LC 42 Tragulus napu Greater Mousedeer P LC FAMILY: CERVIDAE DEER 43 Muntiacus muntjak Red Muntjac P LC FAMILY: SCIURIDAE SQUIRRELS 44 Callosciurus notatus Plantain Squirrel LC 45 Callosciurus caniceps Grey-Bellied Squirrel LC 46 Sundasciurus hippurus Horse-Tailed Squirrel LC 47 Lariscus insignis Three-Striped Ground Squirrel LC 48 Rhinosciurus laticaudatus Shrew-Faced Ground Squirrel LC FAMILY: MURIDAE RATS 49 Rattus tiomanicus Malaysian Wood Rate LC 50 Rattus annandalei Annandale's Rat LC 51 Rattus muelleri Mueller’s Rat NE 52 Berylmys bowersi Bowers's Rat LC 53 Sundamys muelleri Muller's Rat LC 54 Leopoldamys sabanus Long-Tailed Giant Rat LC FAMILY: HYSTRICIDAE PORCUPINES 55 Hystrix brachyura Malayan Porcupine P/AC LC Note*: AC = Aborigine Consumption; P = “Protected”; TP = “Totally Protected”; EN = “Endangered”; VU = “Vulnerable”; NT = “Near Threatened” and LC = “Least Concern”, NE = “Not Evaluated”.

6-62 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

6.13.2.3 Avian Fauna

A total of 124 wild bird species is present or expected to be present in and around the proposed project area (Table 6-17). This represents approximately 19.3% of the 644 avian species found in Peninsular Malaysia. Just like the mammals, birdlife is most diverse in the lowland forest (Well, 1976 and Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993). The latter reported that more than 260 species are lowland bird community. But due to habitat fragmentation and developments encroaching until the forest edges, open country birds now venture and dwell in the open areas of lowland forest. Some of the species are not strictly lowland birds but can be found in sub-montane and montane forest and even the coastal zones.

Birds in Malaysia can be divided into 3 groups’ base on their residency status – Resident, Migrant/Vagrant and Introduced. Resident birds are defined as the indigenous species known or presumed to breed within the Peninsula. Migrant/Vagrant species are migratory birds, present during a restricted period of the year either on passage or for longer period, but they do not breed in the Peninsula.

The presence of vagrants is scarcer and more irregular. Introduced species are species existing in a self-perpetuating feral state, known or confidently assumed to have been artificially assisted in extending beyond their original indigenous range. They are non- migratory. Based on this grouping, 114 or 91.9% of the bird’s species found or expected to be found in the proposed project area are absolute residents; 14 (11.3%) species each are either migrants or residents.

Based on their frequency of occurrence, bird community in Peninsular Malaysia is divided into 4 categories – Abundance, common, uncommon and rare. In the project area, only 3 (2.4%) species are considered present in abundance; 91 (73.4%) species are common; 30 species or 24.2% are uncommon and no species is in the rare category.

Peninsular Malaysia has 4 endemic bird species. There are no endemic species present or expected to be present in the proposed project area.

In terms of legal protection accorded by the Wildlife Act 2010, 114 or 91.9% of the avian species found or expected to be found in the proposed project area are ‘Totally Protected” species- listed under Schedule Two. It includes almost all the families of birds found there. Another 6 species or 4.8% are assigned as ‘Protected’ under Schedule One of the laws. 8 species were not given any legal protection, and these are mostly the game birds. The Sixth Schedule listed 2 bird species for aborigine’s consumption of which none is detected in the project area.

In terms of IUCN global conservation status, there are no birds found or expected to be found in the proposed project area that are placed in the higher risk categories of Critically Endangered (CR). One species, the Straw-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) was transferred from the ‘Vulnerable’ category to the Endangered (EN). Another species, the Large Green Pigeon (Treron capellei) is classified as ‘Vulnerable’. 20 species (16.1%) are classified as ‘Near Threatened’ (NT).

6-63 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

Table 6-17: List of bird species found or expected to be found in and around the proposed project area RESIDENT LEGAL NO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME OCC IUCN STATUS PROTETCTION FAMILY: ACCPITRIDAE KITES, HAWKS, EAGLES, VULTURES 1 Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite R TP 2 Icthyophaga ichtyaetus Grey-headed Fish Eagle R U TP NT 3 Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent-Eagle R C TP 4 Spizaetus cirrhatus Changeable Hawk-Eagle R C TP FAMILY: FALCONIDAE FALCONS 5 Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon R & M U TP FAMILY: PHASIANIDAE QUAILS, PARTRIDGES, PHEASANTS 6 Rollulus rouloul Crested Wood-Partridge R C TP NT 7 Gallus gallus Red Junglefowl R C - FAMILY: RALLIDAE 8 Amourornis phoennicurus* White-Breasted Waterhen R&M A - - FAMILY: COLUMBIDAE PIGEONS, DOVES 9 Treron olax Little Green Pigeon R C - 10 Treron vernans* Pink-necked Pigeon R C - 11 Treron capellei Large Green Pigeon R U TP VU 12 Ptilinopus jambu Jambu Fruit-Dove R U TP NT 13 Streptopelia chinensis* Spotted Dove R C - 14 Geopelia striata* Peaceful Dove R C - FAMILY: CUCULIDAE CUCKOOS 15 Cuculus vagans Moustached Hawk-Cuckoo R C TP NT 16 Cuculus saturatus Oriental Cuckoo R & M C TP 17 Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus Violet Cuckoo R & M C TP 18 Chrysococcyx minutillus Malayan Bronze Cuckoo R C TP 19 Surniculus lugubris Drongo Cuckoo R & M C TP 20 Phaenicophaeus tristis* Green-billed Malkoha R C TP 21 Phaenicophaeus javanicus Red-billed Malkoha R U TP 22 Phaenicophaeus curvirostris* Chestnust-breasted Malkoha R C TP 23 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal R C TP 24 Centropus bengalensis* Lesser Coucal R C TP FAMILY: TYTONIDAE OWLS 25 Tyto alba Barn Owl R C TP 26 Otus bakkamoena Collared Scops-Owl R C TP 27 Bubo sumatranus Barred Eagle-Owl R C TP 28 Ketupa ketupu Buffy Fish- Owl R C TP FAMILY: CAPRIMULGIDAE NIGHTJARS 29 Eurostopodus temminckii Malaysian-eared Nightjar R C TP 30 Caprimulgus macrurus* Large-tailed Nightjar R C TP FAMILY: APODIDAE SWIFTS 31 Collocalia esculenta White-bellied Swiftlet R C P 32 Rhaphidura leucopygialis Silver-rumped Swift R C TP 33 Apus affinis* House Swift R C TP FAMILY: HEMIPROCNIDAE TREESWIFTS 34 Hemiprocne longipennis Grey-rumped Treeswift R C TP 35 Hemiprocne comata Whiskered Treeswift R C TP FAMILY ALCEDINIDAE KINGFISHERS 36 Alcedo meninting Blue-eared Kingfisher R U TP 37 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher R& M C TP 38 Ceyx erithacus Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher R & M C TP 39 Halcyon capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher R C TP 40 Todiramphus chloris * Collared Kingfisher R & M C TP FAMILY: MEROPIDAE BEE-EATERS 41 Merops viridis Blue-throated Bee-eater R C TP 42 Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee-eater R C TP FAMILY: CORACIIDAE ROLLERS 43 Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird R & M C TP FAMILY: BUCEROTIDAE HORNBILLS 44 Anthracoceros albirostris Pied Hornbill R C TP 45 Buceros rhinoceros Rhinoceros Hornbill R C TP NT FAMILY: CAPITONIDAE BARBETS 46 Megalaima mystacophanos Red-throated Barbet R C TP NT 47 Megalaima henricii Yellow-crowned Barbet R C TP NT 48 Megalaima australis Blue-eared Barbet R C TP 49 Megalaima haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet R C TP FAMILY: PICIDAE WOODPECKERS 50 Picus vittatus Laced Woodpecker R C TP 51 Picus puniceus Crimson-winged Woodpecker R C TP 52 Gecinulus viridis Bamboo Woodpecker R U TP 53 Picoides canicapillus Grey-capped Woodpecker R U TP FAMILY: EURYLAIMIDAE BROADBILLS 54 Eurylaimus javanicus Banded Broadbill R C TP 55 Eurylaimus ochromalus Black-and-yellow Broadbill R C TP NT 56 Calyptomena viridis Green Broadbill R C TP NT FAMILY: PITTIDAE PITTAS 57 Pitta guajana Banded Pitta R U TP FAMILY: HIRUNDINIDAE SWALLOWS 58 Hirundo tahitica * Pasific Swallow R C TP FAMILY: CAMPEPHAGIDAE CUCKOO-SHRIKES 59 Hemipus picatus Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike R C TP 60 Coracina striata Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike R U TP 61 Coracina fimbriata Lesser Cuckoo-shrike R U TP 62 Pericrocotus flammeus Scarlet Minivet R C TP FAMILY: CHLOROPSEIDAE IORAS, LEAFBIRDS 63 Aegithina viridissima * Green Iora R C TP NT 64 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora R C TP FAMILY: PCYNONOTIDAE BULBULS 65 Pycnonotus zeylanicus Straw-headed Bulbul R C TP EN 66 Pycnonotus atriceps Black-headed Bulbul R C TP 67 Pycnonotus cyaniventris Grey-bellied Bulbul R C TP NT 68 Pycnonotus eutilotus Puff-backed Bulbul R U TP NT

6-64 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

RESIDENT LEGAL NO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME OCC IUCN STATUS PROTETCTION 69 Pycnonotus finlaysoni Stripe-throated Bulbul R C TP 70 Pycnonotus brunneus* Red-eyed Bulbul R C TP 71 Pycnonotus erythropthalmos Spectacled Bulbul R U TP 72 Pycnonotus goaivier * Yellow-vented Bulbul R C 73 Criniger ochraceus Ochraceous Bulbul R C TP 74 Criniger bres Grey-cheeked Bulbul R C TP FAMILY: DICRURIDAE DRONGOS 75 Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo R C TP 76 Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Racket-tailed Drongo R C TP FAMILY: ORIOLIDAE OLD WORLD ORIOLES 77 Oriolus chinensis* Black-naped Oriole R & M C TP 78 Irena puella Asian Fairy-bluebird R C TP FAMILY: CORVIDAE JAYS, MAGPIE,CROWS 79 Corvus splendens * House Crow R C TP FAMILY: TIMALIIDAE BABBLERS 80 Pellorneum capistratum Black-capped Babbler R U TP 81 Trichastoma malaccense Short-tailed Babbler R C TP 82 Trichastoma rostratum White-chested Babbler R U TP NT 83 Trichastoma abbotti Abbott's Babbler R C TP 84 Malacopteron magnirostre Moustached Babbler R C TP 85 Malacopteron affine Sooty-capped Babbler R C TP NT 86 Malacopteron cinereum* Scaly-crowned Babbler R C TP 87 Malacopteron magnum Rufous-crowned Babbler R C TP NT 88 Stachyris poliocephala Grey-headed Babbler R U TP 89 Stachyris maculata Chestnut-rumped Babbler R C TP NT 90 Macronous gularis Striped Tit-Babbler R C TP 91 Alcippe brunneicauda Brown Fulvetta R C TP NT 92 Yuhina zantholeuca White-bellied Yuhina R U TP 93 Eupetes macrocerus Malaysian Rail-Babbler R U TP 94 Copsychus saularis * Magpie Robin R C P 95 Copsychus malabaricus White-rumped Shama R C P 96 Copsychus pyrropygus Rufous-tailed Shama R U TP 97 Enicurus ruficapillus Chestnut-naped Forktail R U TP NT 98 Myiophoneus caeruleus Blue Whistling Thrush R U TP FAMILY: SYLVIIDAE OLD WORLD BABBLERS 99 Orthotomus sutorius* Common Tailorbird R C TP 100 Orthotomus atrogularis Dark-necked Tailorbird R C TP 101 Orthotomus sepium Ashy-Tailorbird R C TP 102 Prinia rufescens Rufescent Prinia R C TP FAMILY: MUSCICAPIDAE OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS 103 Rhinomias umbratalis Grey-chested Flycather R U TP NT 104 Cyornis tickelliae Tickell's Blue Flycatcher R C TP 105 Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed Flycatcher R C TP FAMILY: RHIPIDURIDAE FANTAILS 106 Rhipidura perlata Spotted Fantail R U TP 107 Rhipidura javanica* Pied Fantail R C TP FAMILY: MONARCHIDAE MONARCHS 108 Hypothymis azurea Black-naped Monarch R C TP 109 Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise-Flycatcher R & M C TP FAMILY: STURNIDAE STARLINGS, MYNAS 110 Aplonis panayensis* Philippine Glossy Starling R A - 111 Acridotheres tristis ** Common Myna R A - FAMILY: NECTARINIIDAE SUNBIRDS, SPIDERHUNTERS 112 Anthreptes simplex Plain Sunbird R U TP 113 Anthreptes malaccensis Brown-throated Sunbird R C TP 114 Hypogramma hyporammicum Purple-naped Sunbird R U TP 115 Aethopyga mystacalis Scarlet Sunbird R U TP 116 Arachnothera longirostra * Little Spiderhunter R C TP FAMILY: DICAEIDAE FLOWERPECKERS 117 Prionochilus maculatus * Yellow-breasted Flowepecker R U TP 118 Prionochilus percussus Crimsom-breasted Flowerpecker R C TP 119 Dicaeum trigonostigma* Orange-bellied Flowerpecker R C TP 120 Dicaeum cruentatum Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker R C TP FAMILY: PLOCEIDAE SPARROWS, WEAVERS 121 Passer montanus * Eurasian Tree-Sparrow R A - 122 Ploceus philippinus* Baya Weaver R C P FAMILY: ESTRILDIDAE PARROTFINCHES, MUNIAS 123 Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia R U P 124 Lonchura leucogastra* White-bellied Munia R U P

Asterisk (*) refers to the presence of species through direct evidence (visual observations/trapped) or through indirect evidence R = Resident; M = Migrant; OCC FREQ = Occurrence Frequency; A = Abundance C = Common; U = Uncommon; AC = Aborigine Consumption; P = “Protected”; TP = “Totally Protected”; VU = “Vulnerable”; NT = “Near Threatened”.

6-65 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR

6.13.2.4 Reptilian

A total of 10 snake species is present or expected to be present in and around the proposed project area (Table 6-18). This represents about 6.3% of the 160 snake species found in Peninsular Malaysia.

Out of this, 5 species are given legal protection as a ‘Protected’ species under the Wildlife Act 2010. None are accorded the ‘Totally Protected’ category. In terms of IUCN conservation category, no snakes in the proposed project area are considered Critically Endangered (CR) or Endangered (EN). Only a single species, the king cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah) is assigned the Vulnerable (VU) status. One species are accorded ‘Least concern’ (LC) and the remainder 8 species of snake in the project area is yet to be evaluated (NE).

Table 6-18: List of Reptile species (snakes, monitor lizards & tortoises) found or expected to be found in and around the proposed project area LEGAL IUCN NO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PROTECTION STATUS FAMILY: TYPHLOPIDAE BLIND SNAKES 1 Ramphotyphlops braminus Common Blind / Flowerpot Snake NE FAMILY: BOIDAE PHYTONS 2 Python reticulatus Reticulated Python NE FAMILY: VIPERIDAE VIPERS 3 Calloselasma rhodostoma Malayan Pit Viper NE FAMILY: ELAPIDAE ELAPID SNAKES 4 Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra P VU 5 Naja kaouthia Monocellate Cobra P LC 6 Bungaris fasciatus Banded Krait P NE FAMILY: COLUBRIDAE COLUBRID SNAKES 7 Rhabdophis subminiatus Red-necked keelback P NE 8 Rhadinophis prasina Green Tree Racer NE Lycodon capucinus (Lycodon 9 Common Wolf / House Snake NE aulicus) 10 Boiga multomaculata Many-spotted Cat Snake P NE FAMILY: VARANIDAE MONITOR LIZARDS 11 Varanus rudicollis Rough-Necked Monitor Lizard TP NE 12 Varanus salvator * Water Monitor Lizard P LC FAMILY: TESTUDINIDAE TORTOISE 13 Manouria emys Asian Giant Tortoise P EN 14 Heosemys spinosa Spiny Hill Turtle - -

Note: * refers to the presence of species through direct evidence (visual observations). P = “Protected”; TP = “Totally Protected”; EN = “Endangered”; VU = “Vulnerable”; and LC = “Least Concern”; NE = Not Evaluated.

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6.13.2.5 Amphibians

A total of 15 species of anurans in 6 families is present or expected to present in and around the project area (Table 6-19). This represents about 14.3% of the 105 frogs and toads fauna recorded in Peninsular Malaysia. None of the species were accorded any legal protection. At the global level, no species in the project area is “Critically Endangered” (CR) or “Vulnerable” (VU). Two species is assigned as “Near Threatened” (NT) while the majority of the species (13 out of 15) were assigned the “Least Concern” conservation status.

The Malaysian anuran fauna has a very high endemicity. 88 out of 105 species are endemic in one way or another. Thus, it is not surprising that 84% or 16 species of frogs and toads found or expected to be found in and around the project area is endemic.

Table 6-19: List of Anuran species found or expected to be found in and around the proposed project area LEGAL IUCN NO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PROTECTION STATUS FAMILY: BUFONIDAE TOADS 1 Phrynoidis aspera River toad, Asian Giant Toad, LC 2 Duttaphrynus melanostictus * Common Sunda Toad LC 3 Ingerophrynus parvus Dwarf/Lesser Stream Toad LC FAMILY: TRUE FROGS DICROGLOSSIDAE 4 Limnonectes blythii Blyth's river frog, Giant Asian NT/e river frog, 5 Limnonectes malesianus Peat swamp frog NT/e 6 Occidozyga martensii Marten's oriental frog LC/e FAMILY: MEGOPHRYIDAE LITTER FROGS 7 Leptobrachium hendricksoni Spotted litter frog LC/e 8 Leptolalax heteropus Variable Litterfrog LC/e FAMILY: MICROHYLIDAE NARROW-MOUTHED FROGS Berdmore's narrow-mouthed 9 Microhyla berdmorei LC/e frog 10 Microhyla mantheyi Manthey's narrow-mouthed frog LC/e 11 Microhyla heymonsi Dark sided chorus frog LC/e

12 Phrynella pulchra Malacca frog LC/e

FAMILY: RANIDAE TRUE FROG

13 Hylarana picturata Spotted stream frog LC/e 14 Hylarana labialis White-lipped frog LC/e FAMILY: RHACOPHORIDAE AFRO-ASIAN TREE FROGS Common tree frog, Four-lined 15 Polypedates leucomystax * LC/e tree frog

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6.13.3 Central Forest Spine

The Central Forest Spine (CFS) project was first conceptualized in 2005 under the 1st National Physical Plan (NPP) (DTCP, 2005 & 2009). The project was later approved by GEF, UNDP and EPU in August 2012 and finally implemented in early 2014. The primary implementing partners are the Ministry of Natural Resource & Environment and Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, whilst PERHILITAN, TPCD, FRIM, JAKOA, state governments and NGOs like MyCAT, MNS and WWF are the secondary partners.

The main elements of CFS are: Maintaining and Increasing Forested Area; Sustainable Forest Management Practices; Forest Connectivity and Forest Rehabilitation. The project envisaged to link up 4 major forest complexes in Peninsular Malaysia as listed below with a network of ecological or green corridors to create one contiguous, forested wildlife sanctuary.

Project Site

Figure 6-38: Central Forest Spine

The proposed project area lies adjacent or near to Sector 4 of the Endau-Rompin CFSs (Figure 6-38) which is 20 – 25 km away radius from the project boundary.

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6.14 SOCIO ECONOMIC

The project site is in the State of Pahang which shares borders with Kelantan and Terengganu to the north, Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan to the west and Johor to the South.

Pahang is an economically important state and its main activities are services, manufacturing and agricultural sectors. As part of East Coast Economic Region (ECER) it is a key region for the manufacturing sector. The state has attracted local and foreign investment in the mineral (iron ore, gold, tin and bauxite) sector. Large-scale development projects have resulted in the clearing of land for oil palm and rubber plantations and the resettling of several hundred thousand people in new villages under the federal agencies and institutions like FELDA, FELCRA and RISDA.

6.14.1 Social and Economic Profile of State of Pahang and The Districts

The social and economic environment of the project site has utilized data from two plans: 1. Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pahang (RSNPhg) 2002-2020, and 2. Rancangan Tempatan Daerah (RTD) Rompin 2002-2015.

As for the statistics on population, both the plans have different figures as the base population for the purpose of calculating the population size is different. The RSNPhg 2002-2020 provides figures for all the districts of Pahang whereas the RTD Rompin 2002- 2015 provides figures for only Rompin district and its mukims.

For the purpose of this project which covers part of the mukim Keratong of Rompin district, the RTD Rompin figures will be used. Rompin District is a district located in the southeastern corner of Pahang. It is under the administration of the Majlis Daerah Rompin and covers an area of 5,296 km (524,704.84 hectares).

6.14.2 Demographic Profile of State of Pahang and the Districts

According to RSN Pahang 2002-2020, Pahang’s population was 1,408,092 and by 2020 it is projected to increase to 1,815,130 with average annual population growth (AGR) at 1.73% in the 2000-2020 period.1 Pahang is divided into 11 administrative districts. Kuantan, the capital city is projected to have the largest population (37.1%). The district with the lowest population is Cameron Highlands where the population is 31,808 persons.

A comparison of the AGR by districts in Table 6-20 shows that 5 (five) districts showed a growth rate whereas and 6 (six) districts had a negative growth rate. The districts of Kuantan, Bera, Pekan have been projected to grow at above 5% per annum in the 2010- 2020 period whereas there are 6 (six) districts (Bentong, Cameron Highlands, Jerantut, Lipis, and Raub) which were projected to have a negative growth rate. (Figure 6-39).

The distribution of population of the districts in year 2020 in the state shows that 37.1% of the population will be in Kuantan followed by Bera, Pekan and Temerloh which contain a little less than 26% of the total population. The remaining districts had less than 5% share of the population.

1 Department of Statistics, Malaysia and Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pahang 2002-2020

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Table 6-20: Pahang - Population Size By Districts, 2000- 2020 Population Population Population Annual Districts 2010+ 2015 2020* 2020* Growth Rate (Estimated) Percentage (AGR) 2010-2020 Bera 94,105 128,100 157,763 5.30% 8.7% Bentong 114,397 105,600 101,171 -0.85% 5.6% Cameron Highlands 34,510 41,700 31,808 1.8% -5.27% Jerantut 88,035 96,500 91,083 -1.51% 5.0% Kuantan 427,515 517,300 672,787 5.40% 37.1% Lipis 74,581 94,700 80,412 -3.22% 4.4% Maran 111,056 117,600 138,097 3.27% 7.6% Pekan 103,839 120,400 155,075 5.19% 8.5% Raub 91,731 99,900 89,008 -2.28% 4.9% Rompin 109,599 122,800 137,379 2.27% 7.6% Temerloh 158,724 178,700 160,547 -2.21% 8.8% PAHANG 1,408,092 1,623,200 1,815,130 100.0% -2.12% Source: _+ Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims, 2010, Department of Statistics, Kuala Lumpur and *Projected figures RSN Pahang 2002-2020

Source: _+ Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims, 2010, Department of Statistics, Kuala Lumpur and *Projected figures RSN Pahang 2002-2020 Figure 6-39: Pahang - Population Size By Districts, 2000, 2015 & 2020

6.14.3 Population of Rompin District

Rompin District is under the administration of the Majlis Daerah Rompin and covers an area of 5,296 km2. The district’s population in year 2020 (projected) is 137,379 persons and it is 7.6% of the state’s population. According to RSN Pahang, the population of Rompin district was 109,599 persons in the census year of 2010. It increased to 122,800 persons in 2015 at an estimated AGR of 2.3% in the 2000-2015.

Using the growth rate of 2.27% from RSN Pahang, the estimated population of Rompin district in 2018 is 131,360 persons and it is projected to increase to 137,379 persons in 2020.

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In terms of the sex structure, the male population was larger in proportion (55.6%) compared to the female population (44.4%). In terms of the age structure, 65.3% of the populations were from the economically active age-group of 15-64 years. The populations that were dependent on the 15-64 years age-group were 28.7% from 0-14 years age- group and 6.0% from the senior age-group of above 65 years of age.

6.14.4 Population of Mukims of Rompin District

Administratively, the district of Rompin is sub-divided into 5 mukim which is Mukim Endau, Mukim Keratong, Mukim Pontian, Mukim Kuala Rompin and Mukim Tioman (Figure 6-40).

Figure 6-40: Mukims of District Rompin, Pahang

The project site is in Mukim Keratong which is in Rompin District. Table 6-21 shows the population of the 5 mukims in Rompin district. The population is projected using an AGR of 2.7% which is the AGR of Rompin district.

The concentration of population within Rompin District is in Mukim Keratong (59.8%) followed by Mukim Kuala Rompin (17.4%) and Mukim Endau (11.3%). Tioman has the lowest percentage of population. In terms of area (km2), Keratong has the largest area (3,216 km2.) and a density of 24 persons per km2 (Figure 6-41).

Table 6-21: Rompin District-Population Size And Density By Mukim 2018 No Mukim Area Population % Density (km2) 2018 Persons/km2 1 Endau 821 14,843 11.3 18 2 Keratong 3,216 78,553 59.8 24 3 Pontian 283 11,034 8.4 39 4 Kuala Rompin 790 22,856 17.4 29 5 Tioman 137 4,074 3.1 30 TOTAL 5,296 131,360 100.0 25 Source: 1. Projected figures using an annual growth rate of 2.27%. 2. Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pahang 2002-2020

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Source: Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pahang 2002-2020 Figure 6-41: Rompin District – Population Size By Mukim 2018

The economy of Rompin is dependent on the sectors of tourism and agriculture (Oil palm, vegetable growing and padi). According to the SWOT analysis in RTD Rompin, one of the strengths is the agriculture sector due to the presence of the FELDA areas and this has to be fully exploited. The construction of a Research Centre such as Malaysia Palm Oil Board in Keratong is seen as a good step towards the progress of the agriculture sector in the study area. One of the main socio-economic problems in Rompin is the low rate of population growth and a problem of out-migration

6.14.5 Socio -Economic Profile of Keratong Timur

In RTD Rompin 2005-2015, the District of Rompin has been zoned into several development blocks (Blok Perancangan) based on existing landuse, the mukim and physical characteristics (river, roads, land lot boundary). It is further divided into Blok Perancangan Kecil (BPK) based on several criteria which have been considered to establish detailed control zones within the Rancangan Tempatan area.

In RTD Rompin, Mukim Keratong has been divided into Keratong Barat and Keratong Timur. The project site is in Keratong Timur which is zoned as Blok Perancangan (BP) 2 and specifically covers BPK 2.6, BPK 2.7 and BPK 2.8 (Table 6-22).

Table 6-22: Keratong Timur - Area, Landuse And Settlements Blok Area Blok Area Perancangan (hec) Perancangan (hec.) Landuse Mukim Settlements (BP) Kecil (BPK) BPK 2.1 1,358.23 BPK 2.2 538.18 Bandar BP 2 Forest Part of Muadzam Keratong 134,075 Agriculture Keratong BPK 2.3 434.64 Shah, Timur Housing Perantau Commercial BPK 2.4 446.67 Damai, Industry Chanis, BPK 2.5 337.56 Cenderawasih, BPK 2.6 928.61 Pewira Jaya dan BPK 2.7 64,642.23 Selancar BPK 2.8 65,388.88 Source: RTD Rompin, 2002-2015 Table 1.2.2

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As seen in Table 6-22, the landuse in Keratong Timur is forest, agriculture (mainly oil palm), housing, commercial and industry. The project site and its surrounding do not have any major towns and has small settlements such as Selancar which are FELDA settlements, Perwira Jaya.

6.14.5.1 Population of Keratong Timur

The population of Keratong Timur was 34,962 persons in 2005 and increased to 39,132 persons in year 2015. Its growth rate of population was 0.68% in the 2005-2010 periods and 1.59% in the 2010-2015 periods. Using an AGR of the 2010-2015 periods, the population of Keratong Timur has been projected to 41,030 persons in the year 2018 (Figure 6-42).

Figure 6-42: Population of Keratong Timur 2005 - 2018

It has a dominance of males with a sex ratio of 122. The total number of households is 22,981 with an average family size of 5 persons per household. The number of living quarters is 26,220 units.

In terms of racial composition for Rompin District as shown in Table 6-23, the Bumiputra population forms 88.9% Chinese 2.5%, Indians 1.1%, others 0.4% and Non-Malaysians 8.1%. (Figure 6-43).

Table 6-23: Rompin District- Racial Composition By Mukim 2010 Non- Mukim Population Bumiputra Chinese Indians Others Malaysian Endau 12414 11708 924 27 48 706 Keratong 65666 58886 393 918 316 6780 Pontian 9270 8913 104 33 7 357 Rompin 19058 18304 1215 92 32 754 Tioman 3440 3168 72 12 9 272 Rompin District 109848 100979 2708 1082 412 8869 Source: Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims, 2010, Department of Statistics, Kuala Lumpur

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Figure 6-43: Rompin District: Racial Composition

The age structure of Rompin district shows a dominance of 15-64 years age group (65%). The young (0-14 years) are 31.3% and the senior age group is 3.7% (Table 6-24).

Table 6-24: Rompin District- Age Structure By Mukim 2010 Age- Groups (years) Total Mukim 0-14 15-64 Above 65 Population Endau 3915 7890 609 12414 Keratong 19443 44088 2135 65666 Pontian 2964 5897 409 9270 Rompin 7185 11146 727 19058 Tioman 918 2390 132 3440 Rompin District 34425 71411 4012 109848 Source: Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims, 2010, Department of Statistics, Kuala Lumpur

6.14.5.2 Primary Survey Data Details and Analysis of Study Area

The immediate surrounding of the proposed project site confined within a radius of 5 km (Zone of Impact) is composed of forest (terrestrial forest) and oil palm tree plantations. There are no sensitive receptors within the radius of 3 km. The project site is a forest area which has already experienced previous logging and has undergrowth, shrubs and some existing trees.

Based on the existing land use, there are 4 Felda settlements (Felda Selancar 5, Felda Selancar 4, Felda Selancar 2 and Felda Selancar 9) to the south-west. These are located within 3 km to 5 km from the project site. The other land uses are social and public services, institutional facilities, one factory and Felda workers quarters. (Table 6-25). Selancar 2 has the largest population with 360 families with a large number of facilities whereas Selancar 4, Selancar 5 and Selancar 9 settlers share most of the facilities. (Plate 6-22 and Plate 6-23).

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Table 6-25:Sensitive Receptors In Study Area Distance from Settlements Social Facilities Industrial Project Site Facility Rumah Pekerja, Ladang (i) Tadika Kemas Kilang Sawit 3 km to 4 km Selancar 9 (ii) Pusat Internet Selancar (2A) Felda Selancar 5 (i) Masjid Wahidatul, (ii) Klinik Desa, (iii) Dewan Orang Ramai Selancar 4 & 5 (iv) Tapak Pelupusan Sampah, Selancar 5

Taman Selancar Makmur Surau, Felda Selancar 4 4 km to 5 km Perumahan Kakitangan Balai Raya, Felda Selancar 4 FGV, Selancar 4 dan 5 and 5 Taman Selancar Indah Dewan Semai Bakti,Selancar 2 Felda Selancar 2 Klinik Desa, Selancar 2 Masjid Al-Muhajirin Pejabat dan Wisma JKKR Sek. Keb. LKTP Sek. Agama

Plate 6-22: Display Board Selancar 2 Plate 6-23: Signage Showing Landfill Direction at Selancar 2

6.14.6 Approach and Methodology of Study

The study gathered primary information through:

(i) A Dialogue session with major stakeholders, (ii) A Public Forum and (iii) Socio-economic Survey.

6-75 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR i. Dialogue with key stakeholders

There is a need to educate the public through stakeholders’ engagement on the impact of any development; in this case it is the development of an oil palm plantation. Though the proposed site is within a larger area of oil palm plantations under FELDA, there is still a need to engage with the stakeholders. Thus, the study focuses on human participation by collective action.

At an initial stage during our 1st visit on 17th of June 2019, the study team met up with some key stakeholders who were able to brief on the overall situation (social, economic and environmental situation) of the study area.

The team had a dialogue session with Mohamad bin Yatimi (Ahli Majlis Rompin); Yusnizam bin Yunus (Persatuan Pemuda) and Mohamad Azmizam (AJK Alam Sekitar)(Plate 6-24 ).

Plate 6-24: Yusnizam bin Yunus (left) and Mohamad bin Yatimi (right)

They provided us with some insights of the area:

• Basic information of the area and discussing the main problems of the Felda settlers in terms of their socio-economic and financial standing. • No employment opportunities in the area and most of the economically productive population have flocked to nearby towns in search of employment. • The exodus of youth out of the area has led to many old people in the FELDA settlements. • FELDA has tried to attract the 2nd generation of FELDA settlers not to leave the study area by constructing of 400 houses (Plate 6-25) priced at RM93,000.00 but the response was very poor in terms of those who were willing to buy the houses.

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Plate 6-25: Perumahan Generasi Baharu FELDA

Besides, the social facilities as listed in Table 6-25, there were Pusat Kesihatan Perwira Jaya with 2 doctors and an ambulance to serve the Felda Selancar community as well. There is also bus transport from Selancar to Segamat and from Selancar to Kuantan. The main road is Jalan Perwira (Federal road) and the Selancar settlements are 17 km from the main road.

ii Public Forum: Focus Group Discussion

With the help of the Ahli Majlis of Rompin, Mohamad bin Yatimi we organized a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on the 26th of June 2019 (Plate 6-26). The attendees of the Forum were mainly FELDA settlers from Selancar 2, Selancar 4, Selancar 5 and Selancar 9 and the Ahli Jawatankuasa (AJK) of the settlements who were the main stakeholders.

Based on this FGD, most of the participants highlighted that project proponent need to put up signs to inform the local population and general public before any activity is carried out for safety reasons. Since a common road will be used for the lorries plying to and fro from the development site, there must be signs of caution and safety. It was proposed that the local people should be made aware of the schedule of lorries using the common road.

Plate 6-26: Participants Attended FGD Session

6-77 SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR iii Socio-Economic and Social Impact Survey

The technique employed to obtain details (such as the community profile, existing problems, perceived impacts and proposed mitigation actions) structure survey forms were distributed during the Forum which was organized in the community hall in Selancar 2.

The number of settlers living in Felda Selancar settlements is a total of 634. There was a total of 45 respondents (mainly Felda settlers) within 4 km to 5 km radius. Structured questionnaires and FGD report for the survey is attached in Appendix G.

The residential questionnaire covers 6 sections. • Section A – Demographic Profile (respondent’s gender, educational level, household size and age-group) • Section B – Social and Economic Profile (employment type and household income) • Section C – Social and Economic Problems • Section D - Knowledge and Acceptance of Proposed Site • Section E - Perception and Potential Impacts of Logging and Site Clearance Activities • Section F - Mitigation Proposals

Findings from this survey are as below:

A. Demographic Profile of Residential Respondents i. Household/Family Size

The general family size of the respondents was very low. It was 3 persons per household compared to Mukim Keratong and Rompin district which had an average of 5 persons per household. ii. Gender of Respondents

Though most of the FELDA settlers are males those who responded were a mix of males and females. There were more male respondents (64.4%) and 35.6% female respondents. iii. Level of Education

The level of education of respondents in the study area was low. A large proportion of the respondents interviewed had attained a secondary level of education (71%) and 22% had primary (Figure 6-44).

There were 5% who had college education and 2% who had not attained any education. In general, this may not be the case as those interviewed were mostly the FELDA settlers who were mainly above the age of 50 years.

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Figure 6-44: Level of Education of Respondents vi. Age Structure

Table 6-26 and Figure 6-45 depict the age structure of all the household members of respondents in the study area. In the case of Mukim Keratong there were 3.3% in the above 65 years and 29.6% in the 0-14 years age group. Table 6 shows that in total, 43.8% of the respondents were above 50 years of age and only 8.3% were in the age group of 0-9 years.

Table 6-26: Age Structure of Respondents Age-Group Male Female Total 0-9 Years 6.3% 10.3% 8.3% 10-20 Years 14.3% 14.1% 14.2% 20-30 Years 14.3% 15.4% 14.8% 30-40 Years 12.7% 15.4% 14.0% 40-50 Years 3.2% 6.4% 4.8% 50-60 Years 25.4% 30.8% 28.1% 60-70 Years 19.0% 6.4% 12.7% >70 Years 4.8% 1.3% 3.0%

Figure 6-45: Age Structure of Respondents

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B. Economic and Social Profile of Respondents

i. Employment Type

In total, there were 63.4% who respondents were FELDA settlers (Figure 6-46) with a higher number of them being female respondents (Table 6-27). There were 11.1% of respondents who were engaged in businesses and the self- employed were respondents engaged in small-scale provision shops and motor mechanic shops. There were also some respondents who sold petrol by the roadside. There was a large percentage who did not respond to the section on employment.

Table 6-27: Type of Employment of Respondents Employment % of Respondents Type Total Male Female FELDA Settler 63.4% 58.1% 68.8% Plantation Workers 4.7% 3.2% 6.3% Self-employed 6.4% 6.5% 6.3% Business 11.1% 9.7% 12.5% No Response 14.4% 22.6% 6.3%

Figure 6-46 : Type of Employment of Respondents ii Household Income of Respondents

Generally, the household income is not very accurate and unreliable as most of the respondents are not willing to reveal. As seen in Table 6-28, a large majority of respondents (86.6%) had a monthly household income of less than RM2,000. Most of them revealed their net income and not the total income. It is a known fact that many of the FELDA settlers expend more than they can afford thus they have monthly loans to settle. None of the respondents revealed an income above RM4,000.00.

Table 6-28: Household Income of Respondents Income Percentage >RM1000 44.4% RM1001-RM2000 42.2% RM2001-RM3000 8.9% RM3001-RM4000 2.2% RM4001-RM5000 2.2% >RM5000 0.1%

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C. Existing Socio-Economic Problems

More than half of the respondents reported that there were no employment opportunities in the area and that was the reason where 44.4% complained about out-migration of youngsters. The other problems reported were entry of foreign workers, social problems with youth and poverty (Table 6-29).

Table 6-29: Socio-Economic Problems of Respondents % of Socio-Economic Problems Respondents No employment opportunities 53.3% Poverty 31.1% Out-migration of youngsters 44.4% Entry of foreign Workers 33.3% Social problems with youth 33.3% Garbage problems 11.1%

D. Level of Awareness and Acceptance of Proposed Development

The level of awareness of the proposed site for oil palm plantation showed 28.9% were aware and had some knowledge of the proposed development. There was a larger percentage (44.4%) of those who were aware. There were also 26.7% who were fence sitters and had no answer to the question. Refer to Table 6-30.

Table 6-30: Level of Awareness of Respondents % of Level of Awareness Respondents No knowledge or Awareness about Proposed development 28.9% Aware and heard about Proposed development 44.4% No Answer to the Question 26.7%

E. Acceptance on the Implementation of the Proposed Development

Overall, 46.7% respondents agreed on the proposed development and 22.2% disagreed (Table 6-31). The remaining of 31.1% did not answer the question.

Table 6-31: Level of Acceptance /Agreement % of Level of Acceptance /Agreement Respondents Level of Acceptance /Agreement of Proposed Development 46.7% Non-acceptance/Disagreement of Proposed Development 22.2% No answer to the Question 31.1%

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F. Positive and Negative Impacts of the Proposed Development

The respondents highlighted both negative and positive impacts in the survey form as in Table 6-32.

Table 6-32: Perceived Impacts By Respondents

Positive & Negative Impacts % of Respondents

POSITIVE IMPACTS 1 Work opportunities 50.6% 2 Advantage to Economy 45.1% NEGATIVE IMPACTS 1 Air pollution 34.7% 2 Heavy vehicular traffic 50.4% 3 Road damage 78.1% 4 Impact on health 38.1% 5 Inconvenience 40.1% 6 Threat of foreign workers 38.3% 7 Other Impacts 9.0%

The positive consequences of conversion of forest land to productive land by the development of oil palm plantation are as below:

a. Employment opportunities for local population

Half (50.6%) of the respondents recorded that logging and site clearance will create jobs for the local population. This will have a positive effect on youths who are migrating to nearby towns and states for search of jobs. Such an activity will alleviate poverty2 which is currently a problem expressed by 31.1% of the respondents in the section on socio-economic problems faced by the respondents.

b. Advantage to State Economy The response from 45.1% of the respondents showed that activities of logging and site clearance were monetary advantage to the state economy. Experience shows that aggressive government land-expansion schemes such as Federal Land Development Agency (FELDA) in Peninsular Malaysia3 added to the state’s budget.

2 Arif and Tengku Mohd Ariff 2011, ‘The case study on the Malaysian palm oil. Paper prepared for the UNCTAD/ESCAP Regional Workshop on Commodity Export Diversification and Poverty Reduction in South and South-East Asia, Bangkok, 3–5 April 3 Arif and Tengku Mohd Ariff 2001; Dompok 2010 Dompok, B.G. 2010 Launching on the use of palm biodiesel by Sime Darby Vehicles. Speech, Carey Island, Selangor, 24 March.

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The negative impacts by respondents are as follows where road damage is the most consent by most of them (Figure 6-47).

Figure 6-47: Perceived Impacts By Respondents

1. Air pollution – More than three-thirds of the respondents expressed air pollution to increase with the activities of logging and site clearing. This is a perceived impact as in reality; the settlers stay at more than 3 km. from the proposed project site. 2. Heavy vehicular traffic – The response to heavy vehicular traffic was high (50.4%). The fear of respondents is in terms of safety as these vehicles used for logging and site clearance pass the settlements. 3. Road damage – the largest percentage of respondents (78.1%) felt road damage as a negative impact. This is related to the heavy vehicular traffic and if measures are taken to mitigate the movement of the heavy vehicles, the impact can be reduced. 4. Impact on health – the negative impact on health was another concern as 38.1% felt that it could have some impact. The type of health problems will also not be stated. 5. Inconvenience – 40% of the respondents’ felt that the activities of logging and site clearing will cause inconvenience to the residents in the area. 6. Threat of foreign workers – 38.3% feared about the inflow of foreign workers into the areas during the activities. 7. Other Impacts- there were just a few of the respondents who responded activities are a threat to wildlife and and destruction of ecosystem

Most of the negative impacts listed above are temporary in nature and it will be minimizing with mitigating measures, also when the activities cease the impact will not exist.

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