Hmh Social Studies in Partnership with Kids
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HMH SOCIAL STUDIES KIDS DISCOVER THE WORLD AROUND US IN PARTNERSHIP WITH KIDS TEACHER’S GUIDE GK SAMPLE DISCOVER HMH SOCIAL STUDIES KIDS DISCOVER THE WORLD AROUND US IN PARTNERSHIP WITH KIDS DISCOVER HMH Kids Discover Social Studies © 2018 asks students to discover their world with can’t-put-it-down content that captivates with awe-inspiring photography, illustrations and interesting facts. Built for Teachers’ varying schedules, this flexible next-generation social studies series has print and digital options to foster students’ curiosity and cultivate their analytical skills for success in college, career, and civic life. Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 ii HMH Kids Discover Social Studies Program Components Bear Flag Republic Contents 2 8 9 14 15 l There shall be firm d Everyone argues every once in a while. something that had been building up and coincided with the beginning of California MEXICAN According to LESS THAN A you could fit into a wagon or carry onto a governor Pío Pico the treaty, the and universal peace month after the Pushes and Pulls ship. What would make you do it? The Pull l FUR HATS WERE Mexican-American War Think about the last time you had an building up. The buildup is the backstory. and other western territories, but the Annexation! and his brother, Californios fighting stopped What would make you decide to leave your What would have made the pioneers of all the rage back argument. Chances are you were arguing The same process may take place between backstory began decades earlier…. General Andrés would give up between the United States in California, it East. They were in It’s one thing to declare that California is part Pico, helped their weapons stopped every- home, your neighborhood, your state – the early 19th century decide to head for demand, and supply about one thing, but the argument was nations. In 1846, Mexico and the United of the United States. It’s another thing for arrange the and promise of America and the where. The date everything familiar – knowing you would California? Why did they travel thousands was short. People really about something else altogether, States went to war. The results of that war other countries – particularly Mexico – to surrender of not to fight Mexican Republic, and was February 2, never return? Or to be an immigrant, of miles by ship or make the difficult over- were willing to pay California. The against the U.S. 1848. The place a high price to own 1824 1836 NOVEMBER 1845 DECEMBER 1845 accept this and act accordingly. Acceptance two sides met again. They between their respective was Guadalupe someone who comes from one country land journey with little information and one. Where did the took another six months and many battles. at Campo de would also Hidalgo, a town to live in another? What would make you few hard facts about their unknown furs come from? The the present-day cate with settlers r WHEN MEXICO l JAMES. K. POLK, Polk offered to pay r PROBLEMS recognize that Tex- U.S. government Cahuenga near agree to obey where the Mexican l countries, territories, cities, decide to travel thousands of miles on destination? Some were pushed to make West, of course. states of Texas, in the northern became indepen- president of the Mexico $40 million between the U.S. as was indepen- leaders became COMMANDER ordered John C. the Los Angeles the laws of the government had Mountain men and New Mexico, and area? There were dent, United States U.S., wanted to for California, New and Mexico got dent. No wonder even more upset. Sloat named Frémont and River. There, they U.S. In return, towns and people, without fled toward the land or sea to an unknown place? No the journey by circumstances at home. trappers had the California com- no telephones. citizens in Texas keep expanding the Mexico, and Arizona, worse. In 1845, Robert F. Stockton Archibald Gillespie, discussed what the Californios end of the war. restaurants along the way. No motels. Some were pulled by the lure of California strength, courage, bined. Find Mexico No telegrams. No automatically country. He had but Mexico refused Texas citizens voted (left) to replace him. a U.S. marine, to would be called would enjoy the exception of places or persons. The event was and love of adven- City, the capital, on e-mails. Messages became Mexican added Texas. Now to sell. As a result, to join the U.S. And Stockton made the lead them. The the Treaty of same rights as the signing of No rest stops. Only the food and clothes and other destinations in the West. ture to push west in the map. Now had to be delivered citizens. Problems he wanted to add tensions between the U.S. voted to Bear Flaggers – group set out to Cahuenga. (A U.S. citizens. the Treaty of the 1820s looking imagine what it by horseback or between Texas and California. In the two countries annex, or add, Tex- as the California take control of treaty is a written When both —Text from the Treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo. r MORMON BELIEFS for fur-bearing was like to travel wagon. No wonder Mexico developed Mexico. No wonder November 1845, continued to grow. as. On December rebels were called other California agreement be- sides signed The Mexican- were very different animals. These u MEXICO WON ITS – a form of govern- from Mexico City to it was difficult to right away. The these leaders were 29, Texas became – part of the U.S. cities, including tween groups the agreement, of Guadalupe Hidalgo American War The Push from the beliefs early frontier people independence from ment in which the northern border control what went problem was that upset. The prob- the 28th state. Army. Stockton Los Angeles. or nations.) the conquest of was over. of most Americans, created overland Spain in 1821. people elect their of California. How on in the parts of Mexican leaders lems led to war, and Mexico refused to California was d IT WAS CALLED price of flour rose especially Protes- trails that later were Three years later, it leaders. Mexico could people in the the country far still thought of in 1836, Texas won complete. the Panic of 1837. sky-high. As times tants in the 1800s. widened to fit became a republic was bigger than capital communi- from the capital. Texas as part of its independence. ON AUGUST 13, The date Banks closed. grew worse in Non-Mormons groups of wagons Frémont and was January Crops failed. the East, the were suspicious called wagon trains. Gillespie captured 13, 1847. Factories shut possibilities of the and fearful. To 1845 MAY 1846 Los Angeles. Soon down. People lost West looked better escape prejudice, after, Stockton their jobs, and the and better. Mormons in New d IN 1845, claimed the Rio declared, “Califor- York looked to the r IT WAS ALL geographical Mexican and U.S. Grande River nia is entirely free West, where they over the news. wonders, and a leaders disagreed was the border. from Mexican could create com- Pamphlets about healthy climate. about the border The Mexican dominion [rule].” munities of their the new frontier Some stories between Texas government But the victory did own. One place were everywhere. were true. and Mexico. The claimed it was not last long. When they settled was Later came letters Some were United States the Nueces River. some Californios San Bernardino, from friends and exaggerated. rebelled against California. family members All attracted u IN SPRING OF Mexico had set. In the soldiers, the u GOLD! IT WAS Polk announced the movement of who had moved people to 1846, tensions April, Mexican soldiers retreated d AS PART OF THE d AS PEOPLE Young adults from They also moved discovered in discovery, a rush to people, tens of west. They all told the West. between the United troops attacked and followed treaty, the United immigrated to large families to the frontier, land California in California began. It thousands, all in stories of riches States and Mexico them. On May 13, Gillespie back to States paid Mexico the United States, moved out of the beyond the settled January 1848. After was called the Gold search of their and adventure, of Arkansas River came to a head. In 1846, the United San Pedro, a ran- $15 million. The cities in the East family home to parts of the U.S. President James Rush, a huge fortune. unclaimed land, of March of that year, States declared war cho outside Los U.S. also agreed to became more and smaller cities away U.S. soldiers on Mexico. And so Angeles. There, protect the rights of more crowded. from the coast. l IN THE EARLY crossed the Nueces began the Mexican- they met another Mexican citizens 1800s, California River, the border American War. group of U.S. sol- living in the United was part of Mexi- diers. The two States territory and Disputed groups returned to co, which declared area allow them to Los Angeles to fight its independence Texas become citizens. from Spain in again. After several The United States 1821 and abol- battles, including would also honor Mexico Rio ished slavery. Grande those led by Gener- the property rights Gulf Nueces of al Stephen Watts u HEN THE REATY Learning this, River W T made up one-third With this treaty, of Mexican citizens. many enslaved Mexico Kearny, the Califor- of Guadalupe of the northern half President Polk’s African Americans nios lost.