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MIDCC Macrophyte Inventory Danube / Corridor and Catchment Partner Report Serbia and Montenegro 2003

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Macrophytes, River Corridor, Land Use, Habitats: A multifunctional study in the Danube Catchment based on a GIS – approach

Preliminary Partner Report 2003 Serbia and Montenegro

R. IGIĆ, D. VUKOV, P. BOŽA, G. ANAČKOV

Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro

2003. Igić, Vukov, Boža, Anačkov MIDCC Macrophyte Inventory Danube / Corridor and Catchment Partner Report Serbia and Montenegro 2003 Macrophyte Inventory Danube / Corridor and Catchment – MIDCC

PRELIMINARY PARTNER REPORT SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO Results of 2003

Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science and Mathematics University of Novi Sad Prof. dr Ružica Igić Novi Sad, 29th April 2004.

Team: Prof. Dr Ružica Igić M. Sc. Dragana Vukov Prof. Dr Pal Boža M. Sc. Goran Anačkov

CONTENTS

8.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

8.2 PHYSICAL HABITAT SETTINGS

8.2.1 DANUBE 8.2.2 JEGRIČKA 8.2.3 OBEDSKA BARA

8.3 SPECIES COMPOSITION

8.4 SPECIES DISTRIBUTION

8.4.1 DANUBE 8.4.2 JEGRIČKA 8.4.3 OBEDSKA BARA

8.5 RELATIVE PLANT MASS

8.5.1 DANUBE 8.5.2 JEGRIČKA 8.5.3 OBEDSKA BARA

8.6 AVERAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES

8.6.1 DANUBE 8.6.2 JEGRIČKA 8.6.3 OBEDSKA BARA

8.7 OVERVIEW ON SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION

8.8 COMPARATIVE ASPECTS

8.9 SPECIEAL ASPECTS OF THE SURVEY

8.10 DOCUMENTATION

8.10.1 SPECIES LIST 8.10.2 VOUCHER SAMPLES 8.10.3 MAPS, PICTURES AND GIS DATA DANUBE 8.10.4 MAPS, PICTURES AND GIS DATA JEGRIČKA 8.10.5 MAPS, PICTURES AND GIS DATA OBEDSKA BARA

APPENDIX A - RAWDATA

2003. Igić, Vukov, Boža, Anačkov MIDCC Macrophyte Inventory Danube / Corridor and Catchment Partner Report Serbia and Montenegro 2003

8.1 General description

The course of the Danube River in Serbia is about 588 km. In the longer part of its corridor in former

Yugoslavia, the Danube is wide lowland river with characteristic riverine forests on its banks. When entering the Đertap gorge the nature of the river changes. The construction of Đerdap I power plant caused severe changes in the hydrological regime and the ecological characteristics of the upstream portion of Danube: the water level is 19-32m higher at the Power House and Dam, and water flow is generally slower. Because of that, the reach of the Danube River 250 km upstream of the Dam, which is placed on the river km 943, is called Đerdap I run of the river reservoir.

These new conditions enabled the extensive growth of aquatic vegetation. As one of the most noticeable ecological and biological manifestations of changes in the reservoir is the appearance of the aquatic macrophyte vegetation. They are a reliable indicators of the speed of sedimentation through: the dimension of the eutrophization; basic characteristic of the benthos type; general indicator of the water flow velocity; intensity of succession or changes of the habitat in littoral zone (Stevanović,

2002). Until now, there were only few attempts of aquatic macrophytes investigation in the Danube

River main channel, and these investigations were limited only on few stretches of the River.

Field campaign in 2003 was conducted in the following reaches of the Danube River: river km

1410-1359; river km 1146-990, and in the Jegrička River and Obedska Bara. In the Danube River, aquatic macrophytes were surveyed both in the main channel and in the backwaters with direct connection to the main channel of the River. Study site was divided into several subareas according to the general characteristics of the area on the banks, as folows:

Sub area 12: Danube, left riverside, between river km 1410 and 1359, including backwaters,

Sub area 17: Danube, left riverside, between river km 1146 and 1100, incuding backwaters,

Subarea 18: Danube, left riverside, between river km 1099 and 1076, including backwaters,

Sub area 27: Danube, right riverside, between river km 1146 and 1076, including backwaters,

Sub area 28: Danube, right riverside, between river km 1075 and 1039

Sub area 29: Danube, right riverside, between river km 1038 and 999

Sub area 30: Danube, right riverside, between river km 998 and 990

2003. Igić, Vukov, Boža, Anačkov MIDCC Macrophyte Inventory Danube / Corridor and Catchment Partner Report Serbia and Montenegro 2003 Sub area 19: Jegrička River, part between villages Despotovo and Temerin, and between Gospođinci

and Tisa River

Obtained data reflect the current condition of the aquatic vegetation, and form the base for further monitoring.

8.2 Physical habitat settings

8.2.1 Danube

8.2.1.1 Sub area 12

Along 50 river km, between rkm 1410 and 1359, bank was mainly sandy (44%), as well as littoral zone (58%). Water velocity was medium (58%). Land along the bank was under the riverine forest (68%). Water transparency was between 40 and 70 cm. Along investigated reach, only one town Apatin is placed, with developed industry, and few weekend settlements.

8.2.1.2 Sub area 17

Sub area 17 is placed on the left side of the River between river km 1146 and 1100. It is 47 river km long. Flat slopes of fine inorganic matter is the main type of bank structure (87.23%). Only present type of sediment in littoral zone is fine inorganic matter. Water velocity is medium, while water transparency varies between 50 and 105 cm. Riverine forests cover the bank along the most of the investigated river km (63.83%). In the sub area 12 there is the village Ivanovo and the town of Kovin, but they are not placed on the bank of the main channel.

8.2.1.3 Sub area 18

Flat slopes of fine inorganic matter were the dominant type of bank structure between river km 1099 and 1076. The same matter dominates in littoral zone inhabited by aquatic macrophytes. Water velocity was medium, and transparency varies between 65 and 120 cm. Riverine forests are dominant landuse type. In sub area 18 there are two villages, Dubovac and Stara Palanka. The end of the sub area 18 is the mouth of the Nera river, which is the national border with Republic of Romania.

8.2.1.4 Sub area 27

In sub area 27, aquatic macrophytes in 71 river kilometers placed between rkm 1146 and 1076, were surveyed. Flat slopes built of fine inorganic matter were the dominat type of bank structure (81.69%), fine inorganic matter was also the most often sediment type (97.18%). Water velocity was medium, and transparency varied between 50 and 95 cm. In most of the cases riverine forests covered the river bank (64.79%). On the right riverside between rkm 1146 and 1076, villages Vinča, Ritopek, Grocka, Orešac, Jugovo, Kostolac and Ram are placed. Town of Smederevo has big influence on the water quality with its population and industry.

2003. Igić, Vukov, Boža, Anačkov MIDCC Macrophyte Inventory Danube / Corridor and Catchment Partner Report Serbia and Montenegro 2003 8.2.1.5 Sub area 28

Downstream of river kilometer 1076, main type of bank structure is rock (mainly large stones of natural rock – 94.59%). Fine inorganic matter made the sediment in littoral zone (78.38%). Water velocity is medium, and transparancy varies between 80 and 120 cm. Different kinds of plantations cover the bank (86.49%). Town Veliko Gradište and villages Požeženo, Vinci, Usje, and Radoševac are placed along the bank of this part of the river.

8.2.1.6 Sub area 29

Sub area 29 is called «Mali Đerdap». It is placed between river km 1038 and 999. Bank is mainly made of natural rock (57.5%) or gravel (42.5%), substrate in litoral zone is gravel mixed with fine inorganic matter. Water velocity is medium, and transparency varies between 50 and 135 cm. Bank of this part of the Danube River is covered with riverine forests. «Mali Đerdap» starts downstream of the town of Golubac. Along the riverside there are villages Dedina, Brnjica, and Dobra. Few small mounain rivers and streams flow into Danube in this section (Brnjička reka, Mala and Velika Orlava, Čezava, Turski potok, Slanski potok, Dobranska reka, Medvednica, Kožica, Bosmanski potok, and Boljetinska reka).

8.2.1.7 Sub area 30

Sub area 30 is the Đerdap lake, during the field campaign in 2003 only eight river kilometers were surveyed, and in 2004 investigations will be continued. Between river km 998 and 990 bank of the river was made of the stones used for the imbankment. Sediment in littoral zone was fine inorganic matter. Water velocity could be described as slow, and transparency varied between 90 and 130 cm. Along four river kilometers, bank is under riverine forests. The end of the investigated area is at the town of Donji Milanovac.

8.2.2. Sub area 19: Jegrička River

During the field work in 2003, two parts of the river were surveyed. One part is between villages Despotovo and Temerin, and the other one is between Gospođinci and the mouth in river Tisa. Steep slopes of fine, inorganic matter build the banks of the river. Sediment in the littoral zone is also made of fine inorganic matter. Water velocity is slow, and transparency varies between 40 and 80 cm. Surrounding land is under crops.

8.2.3 Sub area 20: Obedska bara

Obedska bara used to be a side arm of the Sava River, but now it is cut off, and it is overgrown with reed and other helophytic plants. The only part of the Obedska bara with open water is Krstonošića okno, where the aquatic macrophytes were surveyed. Flat slopes of fine inorganic matter build the bank, and sediment in littoral zone is made of the same substance. Water is stagnant, transparency varies between 85 and 100 cm. Surrounding land is under the riverine forests.

2003. Igić, Vukov, Boža, Anačkov 8.3 Species composition

During the field work in 2003, 69 plant species were recorded. Among them 62 were found in the Danube River, 40 in Jegrička River, and 25 in Obedska Bara (Tab. 1)..

Tab. 1: Species composition Species list Danube Jegrička Obedska Bara Abbrevation Main channel Backwaters 1. Alisma gramineum Lej. Ali gra 2. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Ali pla 3. Butomus umbellatus L. But umb 4. Carex pseudocyperus L. Car pse 5. Carex vulpina L. Car vul 6. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Cer dem 7. Ceratophyllum submersum L. Cer sub 8. Cyperus glomeratus L. Cyp glo 9. Cyperus longus L. Cyp lon 10. Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link. Cyp mic 11. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Ech cru 12. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & Schultes Sci pal 13. Elodea canadensis Michx. Elo can 14. Epilobium hirsutum L. Epi hir 15. Equisetum palustre L. Equ pal 16. Glyceria maxima (Hartman) Holomberg Gly max 17. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Hyd mor 18. Iris pseudacorus L. Iri pse 19. Juncus compressus Jacq. Jun com 20. Lemna gibba L. Lem gib 21. Lemna minor L. Lem min 22. Lemna trisulca L. Lem tri 23. Limosella aquatica L. Lim aqu 24. Lycopus europaeus L. Lyc eur 25. Lysimachia nummularia L. Lys num 26. Lythrum salicaria L. Lyt sal 27. Mentha aquatica L. Men aqu 28. Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench Myo aqu 29. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Myr spi 30. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Myr ver 31. Najas marina L. Naj mar 32. Najas minor All. Naj min 33. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. Nup lut 34. Nymphaea alba L. Nym alb 35. Nymphoides peltata (Gmelin) Kuntze Nym pel 36. Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poiret in Lam. Oen aqu 37. Paspalum paspaloides (Micx.) Scribner Pas pas 38. Phalaris arundinacea L. Pha aru 39. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Phr aus 40. Polygonum amphibium L. Pol amp 41. Polygonum hydropiper L. Pol hyd 42. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Pol lap 43. Potamogeton crispus L. Pot cri 44. Potamogeton gramineus L. Pot gra 45. Potamogeton lucens L. Pot luc 46. Potamogeton natans L. Pot nat 47. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Pot pec 48. Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Pot per 49. Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser Ror amp 50. Rumex hydrolapathum Hudson Rum hyd 51. Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Sag sag 52. Salvinia natans (L.) All. Sal nat 53. Scirpus lacustris L. Sci lac 54. Scirpus maritimus L. Bol mar 55. Scirpus triqueter L. Sci tri 56. Solanum dulcamara L. Sol dul 57. Solidago virgaurea L. Sol vir 58. Sparganium emersum Rehmann Spa eme 59. Sparganium erectum L. Spa ere 60. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden Spi pol 61. Stratiotes aloides L. Str alo 62. Thelypteris palustris Schott The pal 63. Trapa natans L. Tra nat 64. Typha angustifolia L. Typ ang 65. Typha latifolia L. Typ lat 66. Typha laxmannii Lepechin Typ lax 67. Urtica kioviensis Rogow. Urt kio 68. Utricularia vulgaris L. Utr vul 69. Vallisneria spiralis L. Val spi

In the main channel of the Danube river 49 species were recorded, while in backwaters the number of recorded species is 57. Alisma gramineum, Epilobium hirsutum, Equisetum palustre, Lemna gibba, and Nymphaea alba were recorded in the main channel, but not in the backwaters Carex vulpina, Juncus compressus, Limosella aquatica, Lysimachia nummularia, Mentha aquatica, Myosoton aquaticum, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Nymphoides peltata, Oenanthe aquatica, Paspalum paspaloides, Polygonum hydropiper, Sparganium erectum, and Typha laxmanii were recorded in backwaters, but were not found in the main channel. Species characteristic for the investigated part of the Jegrička River are Polygonum lapathifolium, and Sparganium emersum. Species recorded only in Obedska Bara are Lemna trisulca, and Utricularia vulgaris.

8.4 Species distribution

8.4.1 Danube River

8.4.1.1 Subarea 12

8.4.1.1.1 Main Channel

Between river km 1409 and 1359, 50 units were surveyed, all of them with length of one river km (Fig. 1). Among 22 recorded species, helophytes have the widest range of distribution, but their estimated plant mass was, in most of cases, low (rare to occasional).

8.4.1.1.1.1 Hydrophytes

Among recorded species there are only three hydrophytes. They are located only in one (Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), or in three (Trapa natans) river km.

1410 1400 1390 1380 1370 DTD 1361

Hydrophytes Cer dem Hyd mor Tra nat Amphyphytes But umb Iri pse Pol amp Ror amp Rum hyd Helophytes Car pse Cyp glo Cyp long Cyp mic Ech cru Equ pal Gly max Lyc eur Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Sci pal Typ ang Urt kio

Fig. 1: Species distribution in the main channel, rkm 1409-1359, left riverside

8.4.1.1.1.2 Amphiphytes

Polygonum amphibium and Roripa amphibia are amhiphytes present in almost all of surveyed river kilometers. They are estimated to be rare to occasional in most of the cases, but in few survey units they appear frequently. Other recorded amphiphytes are found rarely, and only in few river kilometers.

8.4.1.1.1.3 Helophytes

Carex pseudocyperus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Phalaris arundinacea have the widest distribution, and in some river kilometers they are frequent. Other recorded species have heterogeneous distribution.

8.4.1.1.2 Backwaters

Eight side arms are directly connected with the main channel between river km 1409 and 1359. Each of them were were divided into survey units of various length. The total number of recorded species is 30 (Fig. 2).

8.4.1.1.2.1 Hydrophytes

Eight hydrophytes were recorded in backwaters. In two side arms that open in the main channel at the rkm 1378.5 there is no record of any hydrophytic species. In other side arms these plants appear to be rare and quite heterogeneously distributed.

8.4.1.1.2.2 Amphiphytes

Amphiphytes are present in all of the surveyed side arms. Polygonum hydropiper, P. amphibium and Roripa amphibia are present in almost all of surveyed units, with medium level of estimated plant mass.

8.4.1.1.2.3 Helophytes

Among 15 recorded helopytes, only Echinochloa crus-galli is present in all surveyed backwaters, although the other species have more or less wide distribution and are frequent in survey units were they occure.

8.4.1.2 Subarea 17

8.4.1.2.1 Main Channel

Between river km 1146 and 1100, on the left riverside, 31 aquatic plant species were recoded, among them 14 hydrophytes, six amphiphytes, and eleven helophytes. Generally, hydrophytes have the widest distribution, and have the highest values of estimated plant mass (Fig. 3).

8.4.1.2.1 Hydrophytes

Appearance and estimated plant mass of hydrophytes increase in downstream direction. Among recorded plants, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton gramineus, P. lucens, and P. pectinatus are present in almost all surveyed units, and they appear frequently or abundantly. Occurance of other hydrophytes increase in downstream direction.

Danube - backwaters rkm1410-1359 Author:Dragana Vukov Side arms and oxbows directly connected with main channel v2.2, www.midcc.at Document ID:4_02_2_22_58_51, Survey Code:381_8_12 (c) 2001-2003, Exler

1404,5 1398 1394 1385,5 1378,5 1375,5 1370,5 1361,5

Hydrophytes Cer dem Elo can Hyd mor Myr spi Naj mar Pot cri Pot gra Tra nat Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Iri pse Lys num Pol amp Pol hyd Ror amp Helophytes Cer pse Cyp glo Cyp lon Cyp mic Ech cru Lim aqu Lyc eur Lyt sal Myo aqu Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci pal Sta pal Urt kio

Fig. 2: Species distribution in backwaters, rkm 1409-1359, left riverside

8.4.1.2.2 Amphiphytes

Butomus umbellatus and Roripa amphibia are homogeneously distributed, but they occur rarely. Other recorded amphiphytes are with heterogeneous distribution pattern.

8.4.1.2.3 Helophytes

Echinochloa crus-galii is the helophyte with widest distribution. Other recorded species are localized only on few river km along the bank.

1146 1140 1130 1120 1110 1100

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Spi pol Tra nat Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Iri pse Pol amp Ror amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Ech cru Equ pal Lyc eur Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Sol dul Typ ang

Fig. 3: Species distribution in the main channel, rkm 1146 - 1100, left riverside

8.4.1.2.2 Backwaters

Five side arms were investigated in sub area 17. In each side arm aquatic macrophytes were surveyed in units of different length. Total number of 38 plant species was recorded, among them 15 hydrophytes, nine amphiphytes, and 14 helophytes. All of them have heterogeneous distribution pattern. Values of estimated plant mass are mainly low, except hydrophytes, which appear to be quite abundant in some survey units (Fig. 4).

1136,5 1131,5 1118,5 1108,5 1106,5

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Hyd mor Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Pot cri Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Iri pse Men aqu Oen aqu Pol amp Ror amp Sag sag Spa ere Helophytes Car pse Cyp glo Ech cru Jun com Lyt sal Myo aqu Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sol dul Sol vir Sol vir Typ ang Urt kio

Fig. 4: Species distribution in backwaters, rkm 1146 - 1100, left riverside

8.4.1.2.2.1 Hydrophytes

Ceratophyllum demersum and Spirodela polyrrhiza have the widest distribution, they are present in almost all surveyed units. Other species are widely distributed in some side arms. There they occur frequently, or even abundantly.

8.4.1.2.2.2 Amphiphytes

All of nine recorded amphiphytic species have discontinuated distrubution and very low values of estimated plant mass, so their occurance could be defined as rare or occasional. None of them is present in all surveyed side arms.

8.4.1.2.2.3 Helophytes

Echinochloa crus-galli, Phragmites australis, and Typha angustifolia were recorded in all investigated side arms. Carex pseudocyperus and Echinochloa crus-galli are frequent in few survey units. Other helophytes have heterogeneous distribution pattern and low estimated plant mass.

8.4.1.3 Subarea 18

8.4.1.3.1 Main Channel Between river km 1099 and 1076, on the left riverside, 29 plant species were recorded. Six of them are helophytes, three are amphiphytes, while 20 belong to the hydrophytes. Generally, hydrophytes have the widest distribution, and have the highest values of estimated plant mass (Fig. 5).

8.4.1.3.1.1 Hydrophytes

Ceratophyllum demersum was found in all of surveyed river kilometers, where it appears frequently or abundantly. Potamogeton gramineus, P. pectinatus, P. lucens, P. perfoliatus, Najas marina and Spirodela polyrrhiza have very wide distribution and frequent occurance. Most of other hydrophytes create large populations in river kilometers where they occure.

8.4.1.3.1.2 Amphiphytes

Butomus umbellatus, Iris pseudacorus, and Sagittaria sagittifolia occur rarely and have discontinual distribution in investigated reach of the river.

8.4.1.3.3 Helophytes

Phragmites australis was found in most of surveyed river kilometers, where it occurs rarely, and in few survey units it is frequent. Similar occurance have Echinochloa crus-galli and Typha angustifolia.

8.4.1.3.2 Backwaters

In backwaters surveyed between river kilometers 1099 and 1076, 44 plant species were recorded. Among them 19 are hydrophytes, six are amphiphytes, and 19 are helophytes. According to the values of estimated plant mass, hydrophytes dominated. Most of them, generally, have homogeneous distribution pattern (Fig. 6). Danube, rkm 1099-1076 Author:Dragana Vukov Dubovacka ada - the mouth of Nera v2.2,river www.midcc.at Document ID:4_02_2_22_29_33, Survey(c) 2001-2003,Code:381_8_18 Exler

1099 1090 1080 1076

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Hyd mor Lem gib Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Naj min Nup lut Nym alb Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Amphiphytes But umb Iri pse Sag sag Helophytes Ech cru Lyt sal Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Typ ang

Fig. 5: Species distribution in main channel, rkm 1099 - 1076, left riverside

8.4.1.3.2.1 Hydrophytes

Trapa natans, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Spirodela polyrrhiza are present in almost all survey units. Myriophyllum spicatum, M. verticillatum, Nuphar lutea, Nymphoides peltata, Potamogeton lucens, and Vallisneria spiralis were not recorded in all of three surveyed side arms, unlike the other hydrophytes. In one survey unit (side arm Dubovačka ada, rkm 1098), hydrophytes were not recorded.

8.4.1.3.2.2 Amphiphytes

In backwaters that enter the Danube River between river km 1099 and 1076, amphiphytes could be considered as rare or occasional, except Iris pseudacorus, which occur frequently in some survey units. In the first side arm, with opening downstream of rkm 1098, all of recorded amphiphytic plants are present, while in the other two there are three or two species found.

8.4.1.3.2.3 Helophytes

Number of recorded helophytes is equal with recorded number of amphiphytes, but only Echinochloa crus-galli, Phragmites australis, and Typha angustifolia are distributed widely. These three species, in some survey units, are quite abundant.

8.4.1.4 Sub area 27

8.4.1.4.1 Main Channel

On the right riverside, between river km 1146 and 1076, 37 species were found. Among them, there are 18 hydrophytes, six amphiphytes, and 13 helophytes. Most of recorded hydrophytes are widely distributed, and with high values of estimated plant mass (Fig. 7).

8.4.1.4.1.1 Hydrophytes

Ceratophyllum demersum, six Potamogeton species, and Spirodela polyrrhiza are widely distributed hydrophytes, with high values of estimated plant mass. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Myriophyllum spicatum, Nuphar lutea, Salvinia natans, and Vallisneria spiralis are found in only few river kilometers.

8.4.1.4.1.2 Amphiphytes

Butomus umbellatus and Sagittaria sagittifolia are widely distributed and sometimes frequent amphiphytes. Other species that belong to this group are with low range of distribution, and with low estimations of plant mass.

8.4.1.4.1.3 Helophytes

All of recorded helophytes have very heterogeneous distribution pattern, and low estimated plant mass. Only Phalaris arundinacea, Rumex hydrolapathum, and Typha angustifolia appear frequently in some river kilometers.

1098 1091 1083

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Hyd mor Myr spi Myr ver Naj mar Naj min Nup lut Nym pel Pot cri Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Val spi Amphiphytes But umb Iri pse Oen aqu Pol amp Ror amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Car vul Cyp glo Cyp lon Ech cru Gly max Lyt sal Pas pas Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Sci tri Sol dul Sol vir Typ ang Typ lat Typ lax Urt kio

Fig. 6: Species distribution in backwaters, rkm 1099 - 1076, left riverside

1146 1140 1130 1120 1110 1100 1090 1080 1076

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Hyd mor Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Nup lut Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Val spi Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Iri pse Pol amp Ror amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Cyp glo Ech cru Equ pal Gly max Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Sci tri Sol dul Typ ang

Fig. 7: Species distribution in the main channel, rkm 1146 – 1076, right riverside

8.4.1.4.2 Backwaters

In four surveyed side arms, opening in Danube River between river km 1146 and 1076, 35 plant species were recorded: 18 hydrophytes, four amphiphytes, and 13 helophytes. Hydrophytes are widest distributed, and with high estimations of plant mass (Fig.8).

8.4.1.4.2.1 Hydrophytes

Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton lucens, P. pectinatus, P. perfoliatus, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Trapa natans and Vallisneria spiralis were found in all surveyed side arms. Ceratophyllum demersum and Spirodela polyrrhiza were also recorded in all survey units. Other species ocurr frequently, too, but only in few survey units.

8.4.1.4.2.2 Amphiphytes

None of recorded amphiphytes was found in all surveyed side arms. In small side arm downstream of river km 1083 amphiphytes were not found. In these backwaters amphiphytes occur rarely.

8.4.1.4.2.3 Helophytes

Phragmites australis is present in all surveyed backwaters. Helophytes have low values of estimated plant mass. Greatest diversity of helophytes was recorded in Ada Čibuklija side arm (with opening in to main channel downstream of rkm 1083 I)

Danube, backwaters rkm1146-1076 Author:Dragana Vukov Side arms and oxbows directly connected with the main channelv2.2, www.midcc.at Document ID:4_02_2_23_2_91, Survey Code:381_8_28 (c) 2001-2003, Exler

1131,5 1095 1083 I

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Lem min Myr spi Myr ver Nup lut Nym pel Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Val spi Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Ror amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Cyp glo Cyp lon Ech cru Iri pse Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Sci lac Sci pal Sci tri Sol dul Typ ang

Fig. 8: Species distribution in backwaters, rkm 1146 – 1076, right riverside

8.4.1.5 Sub area 28

8.4.1.5.1 Main channel

Right riverside of the main channel between river kilometer 1075 and 1039 is marked as sub area 28, there are no backwaters directly connected with the main channel. Among 27 recorded species, there are 14 hydrophytes, four amphiphytes, and nine helophytes (Fig. 9). Hydrophytes are the most abundant, and the widest distributed elements of aquatic vegetation in surveyed area.

8.4.1.5.1.1 Hydrophytes

Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton species were found in almost all of surveyed river kilometers. Estimated plant mass of recorded hydrophytes is quite high, and that is the main characteristic of aquatic vegetation between river km 1075-1039.

8.4.1.5.1.2 Amphiphytes

All of four recorded species have heterogeneous distribution pattern. Their pmlant mass estimations are low, so they could be deffined as rare in the surveyed reach of the river.

8.4.1.5.1.3 Helophytes

Helophytes are rare in sub area 28. Nine of them were found, and only in few species were frequent in some of surveyed river km.

8.4.1.6 Sub area 29

Sub area 29 covers the reach of the Danube River between river km 1038 and 999. It is called the «Mali Đerdap» gorge. Due to its geomorphologic characteristics, there are no backwaters directly conneced to the main channel of the river. Domination of hydrophytes is the main characteristic of aquatic vegetation in surveyed part of the river. Among 22 recorded species, there are 13 hydrophytes, seven helophytes, and two amphiphytes (Fig. 10).

8.4.1.6.1 Main Channel

8.4.1.6.1.1 Hydrophytes

Potamogeton natans, P. pectinatus, and Spirodela polyrrhiza are present in almost all of surveyed river kilometers. Like the rest of the hydrophytes, they mostly have high values of estimated plant mass. 8.4.1.6.1.2 Amphiphytes

Butomus umbellatus was found in most of surveyed river kilometers, with low plant mass estimations. Sagittaria sagittifolia was found only in four survey units, and its plant mass estimations are low (1-rare).

8.4.1.6.1.3 Helophytes

All of recorded helophytes are rare, and with heterogeneous distribution pattern, recorded only in few survey units.

8.4.1.7 Sub area 30

8.4.1.7.1 Main Channel

First eight kilometers of Đerdap lake are sub area 30. Only 12 species were found there: 10 hydrophytes, one helophyte, and one amphiphyte.

8.4.1.7.1.1 Hydrophytes

Spirodela polyrrhiza was recorded in all survey units. Potamogeton gramineus, P. pectinatus, and P. perfoliatus were also found in almost all river kilometers.

8.4.1.7.1.2 Amphiphytes

Butomus umbellatus was the only amphiphytic species found. It was recorded only in two survey units.

8.4.1.7.1.3 Helophytes

The only helophyte, Phragmites australis, was recorded only in one survey unit.

8.4.1.8 Sub area 19: Jegrička River

In Jegrička River 40 aquatic species were recorded: 15 hydrophytes, five amphiphytes, and 20 helophytes.

8.4.1.8.1 Hydrophytes

Ceratophyllum demersum has the most homogeneous distribution pattern among hydrophytes recorded in Jegrička river. It is most abundant downstream of village Gospođinci. Abundance of Najas marina is highest downstream of Žabalj, Nymphaea alba has the highest plant mass estimations few survey units upstream, and downstream of Gospođinci, and Trapa natans is most abundant hydrophyte in more than half of survey units downstream of Sirig (Fig. 12).

8.4.1.8.2 Amphiphytes

Five recorded amphiphytes have quite heterogeneous distribution pattern and rare occurance.

8.4.1.8.3 Helophytes

Helophytes dominate in aquatic vegetation of Jegrička River. Phragmites australis is present in almost all surveyed reaches of the river. It has also the highest values of estimated plant mass. Other recorded species have more or less discontinuated distribution along the banks of the river.

1075 1070 1060 1050 1038

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Lem min Myr spi Nup lut Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Spi pol Tra nat Val spi Amphiphytes Ali gra But umb Pol amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Ech cru Iri pse Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Typ ang

Fig. 9: Species distribution in main channel, rkm 1075 – 1039, right riverside

1038 1030 1020 1010 999

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Myr spi Nym pel Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Spi pol Tra nat Amphiphytes But umb Sag sag Helophytes Ech cru Iri pse Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Sol vir Typ ang

Fig. 10: Species distribution in main channel, rkm 1038-999, right riverside

998 991

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Myr spi Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Spi pol Amphiphytes But umb Helophytes Phr aus

Fig. 11: Species distribution in main channel, rkm 998-990, right riverside

8.4.1.8 Sub area 20: Krstonošića Okno (Obedska Bara)

Krstonošića Okno is the only remain part of Obedska Bara with open water during the whole year. It is surrounded with large areas under reed. During the 2003, 25 species were recorded there: nine hydrophytes, four amphiphytes, and 12 helophytes (Fig. 13).

8.4.1.8.1 Hydrophytes

Hydrophytes have homogeneous distribution pattern in Krstonošića Okno. Stratiotes aloides is the most abundant species, which is present in all survey units with the same plant mass estimate.

8.4.1.8.2 Amphiphytes

Four recorded amphiphytes are present in all surveyed units, but with low estimates of plant mass.

8.4.1.8.3 Helophytes

Almost all helophytes have homogeneous distribution pattern. Phragmites australis is the most abundant, and it is present in all survey units with the same plant mass estimate.

Despotovo Ravno Selo Zmajevo Sirig Gospodjinci Zabalj

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Hyd mor Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Naj min Nym alb Nym pel Pot cri Pot gra Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Val spi Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Lys num Spa eme Spa ere Helophytes Bol mar Car pse Cyp glo Ech cru Epi hir Gly max Iri pse Lyc eur Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Pol hyd Pol lap Rum hyd Sci lac Sol dul The pal Typ ang Typ lat Typ lax

Fig. 12: Species distribution in Jegrička River

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Hyd mor Lem tri Nym alb Sal nat Spi pol Str alo Utr vul Amphiphytes Ali pla Oen aqu Ror amp Spa ere Helophytes Ech cru Gly max Lyt sal Phr aus Pol amp Pol hyd Rum hyd Sci lac Sol dul The pal Typ ang Urt kio

Fig. 13: Species distribution in Krstonošića Okno (Obedska Bara)

8.5 Relative Plant Mass

8.5.1 Danube River

8.5.1.1 Sub area 12

8.5.1.1.1 Main Channel

In the main channel of the Danube River, relative plant mass of the amphiphytes exceeded that of the other plants. The dominating species was Roripa amphibia (RPM 53.41%), it is followed by Polygonum amphibium (RPM 43.26%) and Rumex hydrolapathum (RPM 1.83%). The residual value presents the accumulated RPM values of all other amhiphytes and hydrophytes that produce less than 1% of Relative Plant Mass, and in this case this accumulated value is 1.5% (Fig. 14).

Fig. 14: Danube, Main Channel, left riverside, rkm 1409-1359

8.5.1.1.2 Backwaters

In backwaters with opening to the main channel between river km 1409 and 1359, amphiphytes dominate. The highest RPM was recorded for Polygonum hydropiper (46.69%), it is followed by Roripa amphibia (RPM 21.52%) and Polygonum amphibium (RPM 14.06%). Trapa natans is dominant hydrophyte (RPM 6.18%), followed by Myriophyllum spicatum (RPM 6.07%) and Ceratophyllum demersum (2.97%). The residual aquatic plants reach RPM values up to 2.52% (Fig. 15).

Fig. 15: Danube, Backwaters, left riverside, rkm 1409-1359 8.5.1.2 Sub area 17

8.5.1.2.1 Main Channel

Hydrophytes dominate in main channel between river km 1146 and 1100. Among them, Potamogeton pectinatus has the highest RPM value (29.43%), it is followed by Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 17.87%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 14.18%), Potamogeton gramineus (14.07%), Spirodela polyrrhiza (3.79%), Elodea canadensis (RPM 3.69%), Potamogeton crispus (RPM 1.59%), and Potamogeton natans (RPM1.08%). Butomus umbellatus (RPM 2.72%) and Roripa amphibia (RPM 1.70%) are the only amphiphytes with RPM values higher than 1%. Nine residual species have cumulative RPM of 1.9% (Fig. 16).

Fig. 16: Danube, Main Channel, left riverside, rkm 1146-1100

8.5.1.2.2 Backwaters

With the RPM value of 28.81% Ceratophyllum demersum exceeds all other aquatic macrophytes in backwaters between river km 1146 and 1100. It is followed by Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 15.75%), Trapa natans (RPM 12.74%), Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 12.32%), Elodea canadensis (RPM 8.18%), Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 6.07%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 4.00%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (3.22%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 2.00%), and Potamogeton crispus (RPM 1.72%). Roripa amphibia (RPM 1.05%) and Iris pseudacorus (RPM 1.05%) are the only amphiphytes with RPM value higher than 1%. Other twelve residual species have cumulative RPM value of 3.09% (Fig. 17).

Fig. 17: Danube, Backwaters, left riverside, rkm 1146-1100

8.5.1.3 Sub area 18

8.5.1.3.1 Main Channel

Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 18.59%) dominates in the main channel of the Danube River between rkm 1099 and 1076 (left riverside). It is followed by Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 14.90%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 13.18%), Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 9.81%), Najas marina (RPM 9.79%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 8.76%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 7.50%), Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 6.52%), Potamogeton crispus (RPM 3.33%), Trapa natans (RPM 2.20%), Elodea canadensis (RPM 2.03%), and Potamogeton natans (RPM 1.03%). Other eleven species have RPM value under 1%, and their cumulative RPM is 2.35% (Fig. 18).

Fig. 18: Danube, Main Channel, left riverside, rkm 1099-1076

8.5.1.3.2 Bacwaters

Trapa natans (RPM 13.94%) is aquatic macrophyte with highest RPM value, recorded in backwaters. It is followed by Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 13.01%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 10.72%), Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 10.06%), Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 9.74%), Najas marina (RPM 8.53%), Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 6.41%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 6.36%), Elodea canadensis (RPM 5.74%), Myriophyllum verticillatum (RPM 5.45%), Iris pseudacorus (RPM 3.19%), and Nuphar lutea (RPM 2.58%). Other 13 species have RPM value under 1%, and their cumulative RPM is 4.27% (Fig. 19).

Fig. 19: Danube, Backwaters, left riverside, rkm 1099-1076

8.5.1.4 Sub area 27

8.5.1.4.1 Main Channel

Potamogeton lucens (RPM 20.67%) is dominant aquatic species between river km 1146 and 1076, on the right riverside (Fig. 20). It is followed by Potamogeton natans (RPM 14.09%), Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 13.75%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 9.45%), Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 9.37%), Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 7.84%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 5.42%), Potamogeton crispus (RPM 2.88%), Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 2.28%) and Najas marina (RPM 1.28%). Among amphiphytes, Butomus umbellatus (RPM 6.37%) has the highest RPM value, it is followed by Sagittaria sagittifolia (RPM 3.04%). Other 12 species have RPM value under 1%, and their cumulative RPM is 3.61%.

Fig. 20: Danube, Main Channel, right riverside, rkm 1146-1076

8.5.1.4.2 Backwaters

Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 18.56%) dominated in backwaters between river km 1146 and 1076, on the right riverside (Fig. 21). It was followed by Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 15.23%), Potamogeton natans (RPM 12.46%), Trapa natans (RPM 11.00%), Myriophyllum verticillatum (RPM 8.35%), Vallisneria spiralis (RPM 8.00%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 7.59%), Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 5.00%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 4.37%), Elodea canadensis (RPM 3.71%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 2.07%), and Potamogeton crispus (RPM 1.42%). Other 10 species have RPM value under 1%, and their cumulative RPM is 2.25%.

Fig. 21: Danube, Backwaters, right riverside, rkm 1046-1076

8.5.1.5 Sub area 28

8.5.1.5.1 Main Channel

In the main channel of the Danube River between river km 1075 and 1039, Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 17.41%) was dominant plant species. It was followed by Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 16.99%), Potamogeton natans (RPM 16.04%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 12.25%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 10.14%), Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 6.97%), Trapa natans (RPM 6.12%), Potamogeton crispus (RPM 5.19%), Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 3.78%), and Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 1.85%). Among recorded amphiphytes, the presence of Butomus umbellatus (RPM 1.58%) and Sagittaria sagittifolia (RPM 1.14%) was significant. Other six recorded species had RPM value under 1%, the cumulative RPM of these residual species was 0.57% (Fig. 22).

Fig. 22: Danube, Main Channel, right riverside, rkm 1075-1039

8.5.1.6 Sub area 29

8.5.1.6.1 Main Channel

Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 28.99%) dominated in sub area 29 (Fig. 23). It was followed by Potamogeton natans (RPM 13.48%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 12.29%), Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 10.75%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 9.95%), Elodea canadensis (RPM 8.00%), Trapa natans (RPM 4.30%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 4.13%), Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 3.62%), and Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 2.14%). Other five recorded species had RPM value under 1%, the cumulative RPM of these residual species was 2.36%.

Fig. 23: Danube, Main Channel, right riverside, rkm 1038-999 8.5.1.7 Sub area 30

8.5.1.7.1 Main Channel

In first eight kilometers of Đerdap lake, Potamogeton pectinatus (RPM 32.73%) was dominant species (Fig. 24). It was followed by Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 21.82%), Potamogeton perfoliatus (RPM 14.21%), Potamogeton lucens (RPM 12.89%), Potamogeton natans (RPM 9.75%), Spirodela polyrrhiza (RPM 3.64%), Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 2.81%), and Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 1.32%). Other three recorded species had RPM value under 1%, the cumulative RPM of these residual species was 0.83%.

Fig. 24: Danube, Main Channel, right riverside, rkm 998-990

8.5.2 Sub area 19 – Jegrička

In reaches of the Jegrička River surveyed during the 2003, dominant plant species was Trapa natans (RPM 25.23%), followed by Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 23.64%), Nymphaea alba (RPM 13.56%), Najas marina (RPM 8.49%), Salvinia natans (RPM 6.98%), Myriophyllum spicatum (RPM 6.36%), Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (RPM 4.76%), Potamogeton gramineus (RPM 3.67%), Nymphoides peltata (RPM 3.25%), and Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 1.58%). Other ten recorded species had RPM value under 1%, the cumulative RPM of these residual species was 2.57% (Fig. 25).

Fig. 25: Jegrička River 8.5.3 Sub area 20 – Obedska Bara

Among hydrophytes and amphiphytes recorded in Obedska Bara, Stratiotes aloides was dominant (RPM 41.28%). It was followed by Nymphaea alba (RPM 13.58%), Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (RPM 10.55%), Ceratophyllum demersum (RPM 8.31%), Salvinia natans (RPM 7.48%), Lemna trisulca (RPM 5.62%), Utricularia vulgaris (RPM 5.62%), and Ceratophyllum submersum (RPM 5.61%). Other five recorded species had RPM value under 1%, the cumulative RPM of these residual species was 1.95% (Fig. 26).

Fig. 26: Obedska Bara

8.6 Average Distribution of Species

8.6.1 Danube

8.6.1.1 Sub area 12

8.6.1.1 Main Channel

Rorippa amphibia was the broadest distributed plant species between river km 1410 and 1359, recorded in almost all river kilometers (d near 1), although the value of its Plant Mass Estimate (PME) was low in river kilometers where it occurred (MMO-white bars) and in respect to the whole length of the surveyed reach of the river (MMT-black bars). Polygonum amphibium was found in less than half of surveyed units. In river kilometers where it occured, the plant mass estimates were above two (occasional), but in respect to the whole length of investigated reach, this species was rare (Fig. 27). Plant mass estimates recorded for Rumex hydrolapathum were low, but this species was present in almost quarter of surveyed area. Other recorded species were with narow distribution, and located only on few spots along the left bank between river kilometer 1410 and 1359.

Cer dem

Hyd mor

Tra nat

But umb

Iri pse

Pol amp

Ror amp

Rum hyd

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 27: Average Distribution of Species in the main channel, sub area 12

8.6.1.2 Backwaters

Polygonum hydropyper had the broadest range of distribution, it was found in more than a half of surveyed units in backwaters between river km 1410 and 1359. The value of its Mean Mass Index of occurrence (MMO) was near the value of the Mean Mass Index calculated for the total length of investigated area (MMT), so its distribution pattern could be defined as homogeneous, although its plant mass estimates had value between 2 and 3, and its occurrence is between occasional and frequent. Rorippa amphibia was also recorded in more than a half of surveyed units. Its occurrence in survey units where it was found was defined as occasional, while in respect to the total length of surveyed area it occurred rarely or occasionally. Polygonum amphibium was recorded in quarter of investigated area. There is also noticeable difference between its MMO (2

Danube - backwaters rkm1410-1359 Author:Dragana Vukov Side arms and oxbows directly connected with main channel v2.2, www.midcc.at Document ID:4_04_29_15_58_15, Survey Code:381_8_12 (c) 2001-2003, Exler

Cer dem

Elo can

Hyd mor

Myr spi

Naj mar

Pot cri

Pot gra

Tra nat

Ali pla

But umb

Iri pse

Lys num

Pol amp

Pol hyd

Ror amp

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 28: Average Distribution of Species in Backwaters, sub area 12

8.6.1.2 Sub area 17

8.6.1.2.1 Main Channel

Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton pectinatus have the broadest distribution in the main channel of the Danube River between river km 1146 and 1100, on the left riverside (Fig. 29). Values of MMO and MMT calculated for Potamogeton pectinatus are between 3 and 4, so this species could be defined as abundant in sub area 17. According to the Mean Mass Indices, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton lucens, and Potamogeton perfoliatus, are frequent both in respect to the whole length of the surveyed area and to the length of survey units where these species have been found. They are present in more than half of surveyed river kilometers, as well as Spirodela polyrrhiza, Butomus umbellatus, and Rorippa amphibia, although their occurrence is occasional. Elodea canadensis, Ceratophyllum submersum, Najas marina, Potamogeton crispus and Potamogeton natans have heterogeneous distribution pattern. Other recorded species are rare or occasional in sub area 17, recorded in less than a half of surveyed river kilometers.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Lem min

Myr spi

Naj mar

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Spi pol

Tra nat

Ali pla

But umb

Iri pse

Pol amp

Ror amp

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 29: Average Distribution of Species in the main channel, sub area 17

8.6.1.2.2 Backwaters

Ceratophyllum demersum, Spirodela polyrrhiza and Elodea canadensis were recorded in more than half of surveyed units in backwaters of sub area 17. Other species found in backwaters between river km 1146 and 1100 are present in less than half of survey units. While Ceratophyllum demersum is more or less homogeneously distributed, other recorded species are located on few survey units, where they are, like for example Trapa natans, quite frequent (Fig. 30).

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Hyd mor

Lem min

Myr spi

Naj mar

Pot cri

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Sal nat

Spi pol

Tra nat

Ali pla

But umb

Iri pse

Men aqu

Oen aqu

Pol amp

Ror amp

Sag sag

Spa ere

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 30: Average Distribution of Species in backwaters, sub area 17

8.6.1.3 Sub area 18

8.6.1.3.1 Main Channel

Ceratophyllum demersum was abundant in all survey units between river km 1099 and 1076 (Fig. 31). Najas marina, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton perfoliatus, and Spirodela polyrrhiza were found in more than half of surveyed river kilometers. Ceratophyllum demersum also had - according to the equal values of MMT and MMO – a homogeneous distribution pattern. Other recorded species had more or less heterogeneous distribution pattern.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Hyd mor

Lem gib

Lem min

Myr spi

Naj mar

Naj min

Nup lut

Nym alb

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Sal nat

Spi pol

Tra nat

But umb

Iri pse

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 31: Average Distribution of Species in the Main Channel, sub area 18 8.6.1.3.2 Backwaters

Ceratophyllum demersum, Ceratophyllum submersum, Najas marina, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Spirodella polyrrhiza, Trapa natans, and Iris pseudacorus, were found in more than a half of surveyed units in backwaters between river km 1099 and 1076. Only Spirodela polyrrhiza and Trapa natans have more or less heterogeneous distribution pattern, unlike all other recorded species (Fig. 32).

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Hyd mor

Myr spi

Myr ver

Naj mar

Naj min

Nup lut

Nym pel

Pot cri

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Sal nat

Spi pol

Tra nat

Val spi

But umb

Iri pse

Oen aqu

Pol amp

Ror amp

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 32: Average Distribution of Species in backwaters, sub area 18

8.6.1.4 Sub area 27

8.6.1.4.1 Main Channel

Spirodela polyrrhiza was found in almost all survey units between river km 1146 and 1076 on the right riverside. Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton perfoliatus, and Buttomus umbellatus were recorded in more than half surveyed river kilometers (Fig. 33).

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Hyd mor

Lem min

Myr spi

Naj mar

Nup lut

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Sal nat

Spi pol

Tra nat

Val spi

Ali pla

But umb

Iri pse

Pol amp

Ror amp

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 33: Average Distribution of Species in the Main Channel, sub area 27 8.6.1.4.2 Backwaters

Ceratophyllum demersum and Spirodela polyrrhiza are distributed in all surveyed units in backwaters between river kilometer 1146 and 1076 (Fig. 34). Trapa natans and Vallisneria spiralis were found in more than a half of survey units. Quite narrow distribution presented with different values of MMT and MMO, was found with Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton lucens, and Potamogeton pectinatus. Other recorded species had low values of estimated plant mass and they were located only on few places in surveyed backwaters.

Danube, backwaters rkm1146-1076 Author:Dragana Vukov Side arms and oxbows directly connected with the main channelv2.2, www.midcc.at Document ID:4_04_29_16_12_83, Survey Code:381_8_28 (c) 2001-2003, Exler

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Lem min

Myr spi

Myr ver

Nup lut

Nym pel

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Sal nat

Spi pol

Tra nat

Val spi

Ali pla

But umb

Ror amp

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 34: Average Distribution of Species in backwaters, sub area 27 8.6.1.5 Sub area 28

8.6.1.5.1 Main Channel

Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton pectinatus, and Potamogeton perfoliatus, were found in almost all surveyed river kilometers in sub area 28 (Fig. 35). Ceratophyllum submersum, Potamogeton lucens, Spirodela polyrrhiza, and Trapa natans were recorded in more than a half of survey units. Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Potamogeton pectinatus are abundant species with homogeneous distribution pattern. Potamogeton gramineus and Potamogeton lucens are abundant in survey units where they occur, but in respect to the whole length of the sub area 28, these species are frequent. Other species found between river km 1075 and 1039 had low values of estimated plant mass and heterogeneous distribution pattern.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Lem min

Myr spi

Nup lut

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Spi pol

Tra nat

Val spi

Ali gra

But umb

Pol amp

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 35: Average Distribution of Species in the Main Channel, sub area 28

8.6.1.5 Sub area 29

8.6.1.6 Main Channel

Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton pectinatus, and Spirodela polyrrhiza were found in almost all survey units between river km 1038 and 999 (Fig. 36). Ceratophyllum submersum, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton perfoliatus, and Buttomus umbellatus are species present in more than a half of survey units. Potamogeton pectinatus is abundant species with the broadest and most homogeneous distribution pattern. Trapa natans was the species with the most heterogeneous distribution, it was abundant in survey units where it occurred, but in respect to the whole length of sub area 29, it was occasional. Similar situation was found with Elodea canadensis, in survey unit where it was found, this species was abundant, but viewing the whole sub area it was frequent.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Elo can

Myr spi

Nym pel

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Spi pol

Tra nat

But umb

Sag sag

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 36: Average Distribution of Species in the Main Channel, sub area 29

8.6.1.6 Sub area 30

8.6.1.6.1 Main Channel

Spirodela polyrrhiza occurred occasionally, and it was recorded in all surveyed river kilometers of the Đerdap Lake. Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton lucens, and Potamogeton pectinatus were found in more than half of survey units (Fig. 37). Other recorded species were localized only on few places along area 30.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Myr spi

Pot cri

Pot nat

Pot gra

Pot luc

Pot pec

Pot per

Spi pol

But umb

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 37: Average Distribution of Species in the Main Channel, sub area 30

8.6.2 Jegrička River – Sub area 19

Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, and Trapa natans were found in more than half of survey units in Jegrička River (Fig. 38). The most of the recorded species are more or less heterogeneously distributed.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Hyd mor

Lem min

Myr spi

Naj mar

Naj min

Nym alb

Nym pel

Pot cri

Pot gra

Sal nat

Spi pol

Tra nat

Val spi

Ali pla

But umb

Lys num

Spa eme

Spa ere

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 38: Average Distribution of Species in the Jegrička RiverMain Channel, sub area 19

8.6.3 Obedska Bara – Sub area 20

All species recorded in Obedska bara have homogeneous distribution, they were present in all survey units (Fig. 39). Stratiotes aloides was very abundant, it was followed by Nymphaea alba and Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (both abundant). Ceratophyllum demersum, Ceratophyllum submersum, Lemna trisulca, Salvinia natans, and Utricularia vulgaris were frequent. Other species had the lowest values of estimated plant mass, they were rare.

Cer dem

Cer sub

Hyd mor

Lem tri

Nym alb

Sal nat

Spi pol

Str alo

Utr vul

Ali pla

Oen aqu

Ror amp

Spa ere

1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 39: Average Distribution of Species in the Jegrička RiverMain Channel, sub area 20

8.7 Overview on species composition and distribution

During the field campaign in 2003, 49 plant species were recorded in the main channel of the Danube River (Tab. 1). In the upper part of the Danube in Serbia, between river km 1409 and 1359, there are 22 plant species recorded. Among them, three were hydrophytes, five amphiphytes and 14 helophytes. Along 50 surveyed kilometers, the widest distributed plant was Rorippa amphibia, which was not recorded only in four survey units (Fig. 1). In backwaters with the direct connection to the main channel between river km 1409 and 1359, helophytes and amphiphytes dominated, too. Polygonum hydropiper, P. amphibium, Rorpa amphibia and Echinochloa crus-galli were recorded in almost all survey units (Fig. 2). Along 70 river kilometers (1146-1076; sub areas 17 and 18) on the left riverside and 156 river kilometers (1146-990; sub areas 27, 28, 29, 30) on the right riverside, in the lower part of the main channel 43 plant species were recorded. Among them, 37 were on the left riverside (20 hydrophytes, six amphiphytes, eleven helophytes), and 40 on the right riverside (19 hydrophytes, seven amphiphytes, 14 helophytes). Lemna gibba, Najas minor and Nymphaea alba were found only in sub areas 17 and 18 (Fig. 40), while Nymphoides peltata, Vallisneria spiralis, Alisma gramineum, Cyperus glomeratus, Glyceria maxima, Scirpus triqueter and Solidago virgaurea were recorded only in the surveyed river kilometers on the right riverside (Fig. 41). Potamogeton pectinatus was the widest distributed species on the left riverside, it was not found only in four survey units. It was followed by Ceratophyllum demersum, which was not recorded in five river kilometers. Generally, hydrophytes dominated in sub areas 17 and 18, and among them Potamogeton species were quite abundant and widely distributed. Spirodela polyrhiza was found in most of surveyed units on the right riverside between river kilometers 1146 and 990 (it was not recorded in 18 river km). Potamogeton pectinatus was the most abundant species. It was recorded in 136 river kilometers, and often with high values of estimated plant mass. Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton species were also widely distributed in surveyed area. Wide distribution of hydrophytes and relatively high values of their plant mass estimates are the main consequence of the slowed water flow caused by “Đerdap I” Power Plant Dam, which is placed between river km 943 and 942, but its influence on the water flow velocity could be recorded some 150 kilometers upstream turning that part of the river in to run of the river reservoir. Backwaters directly connected to the main channel of the Danube River occur in sub areas 17 and 18 (river km 1146-1076, left riverside) and in sub area 27 (river km 1146-1076, right riverside). Generally in all surveyed backwaters Ceratophyllum demersum and Spirodela polyrhiza were with the widest distribution. In backwaters in sub area 27, species like Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Trapa natans and Vallisneria spiralis were also widely distributed (Fig. 4; Fig. 6; Fig. 8) In the Jegrička River, Ceratophyllum demersum was the widest distributed hydrophyte, and Phragmites australis was helophyte present in most survey units. Most of other species were homogeneously distributed in some parts of the river (Fig. 12). Krstonošića Okno is the only part of Obedska Bara, which is supplied with water during whole year. In this, relatively small area all of recorded species were found in all of survey units. Highest plant mass estimations in all survey units were recorded for Stratiotes aloides and Phragmites australis (Fig. 13). Danube-main channel Author:Dragana Vukov Sub areas 17 and 18 v2.2, www.midcc.at Document ID:4_02_8_22_37_14,(c) 2001-2003, Survey Code:381_8_17Exler

17 18

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Hyd mor Lem gyb Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Naj min Nup lut Nym alb Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Amphiphytes Ali pla But umb Iri pse Pol amp Ror amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Ech cru Equ pal Lyc eur Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Sol dul Typ ang

Fig. 40: Species distribution in sub areas 17 and 18 Danube-main channel Author:Dragana Vukov Sub areas 27, 28, 29, 30 v2.2, www.midcc.at Document ID:4_02_8_22_39_42, Survey Code:381_8_27 (c) 2001-2003, Exler

27 28 29 30

Hydrophytes Cer dem Cer sub Elo can Hyd mor Lem min Myr spi Naj mar Nym pel Nup lut Pot cri Pot flu Pot gra Pot luc Pot pec Pot per Sal nat Spi pol Tra nat Val spi Amphiphytes Ali gra Ali pla But umb Iri pse Pol amp Ror amp Sag sag Helophytes Car pse Cyp glo Ech cru Equ pal Gly max Lyt sal Pha aru Phr aus Rum hyd Sci lac Sci tri Sol dul Sol vir Typ ang

Fig. 41: Species distribution in sub areas 27, 28, 29, 30 8.9 Special aspects of the survey

During the summer of 2003, weather conditions were quite specific. Average temperatures were higher than in last few decades. Average level of precipitation was low. These arid conditions resulted in low water level in Danube River, and in Obedska Bara and Jegrička River. Low water level caused characteristic composition and quantitative relations among aquatic macrophytes. Aquatic vegetation in the upper part of the Danube River (river km 1409 and 1359; sub area 12) was under great influence of these specific conditions. Records of the species like Limosella aquatica, Cyperus glomeratus, Cyperus longus and Cyperus michelianus in this area are the result of the low water level. Water level in the lower part of the area surveyed during the 2003 (downstream of the river km 1146) was controlled on the «Đerdap I» dam, so generally it was not drasticaly lower than usual. Water level variation in this area has high daily amplitudes. 8.10 Documentation

8.10.1 Species list

Species list Danube Jegrička Obedska Bara Abbrevation Main channel Backwaters 1. Alisma gramineum Lej. Ali gra 2. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Ali pla 3. Butomus umbellatus L. But umb 4. Carex pseudocyperus L. Car pse 5. Carex vulpina L. Car vul 6. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Cer dem 7. Ceratophyllum submersum L. Cer sub 8. Cyperus glomeratus L. Cyp glo 9. Cyperus longus L. Cyp lon 10. Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link. Cyp mic 11. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Ech cru 12. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & Schultes Sci pal 13. Elodea canadensis Michx. Elo can 14. Epilobium hirsutum L. Epi hir 15. Equisetum palustre L. Equ pal 16. Glyceria maxima (Hartman) Holomberg Gly max 17. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Hyd mor 18. Iris pseuacorus L. Iri pse 19. Juncus compressus Jacq. Jun com 20. Lemna gibba L. Lem gib 21. Lemna minor L. Lem min 22. Lemna trisulca L. Lem tri 23. Limosella aquatica L. Lim aqu 24. Lycopus europaeus L. Lyc eur 25. Lysimachia nummularia L. Lys num 26. Lythrum salicaria L. Lyt sal 27. Mentha aquatica L. Men aqu 28. Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench Myo aqu 29. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Myr spi 30. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Myr ver 31. Najas marina L. Naj mar 32. Najas minor All. Naj min 33. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. Nup lut 34. Nymphaea alba L. Nym alb 35. Nymphoides peltata (Gmelin) Kuntze Nym pel 36. Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poiret in Lam. Oen aqu 37. Paspalum paspaloides (Micx.) Scribner Pas pas 38. Phalaris arundinacea L. Pha aru 39. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Phr aus 40. Polygonum amphibium L. Pol amp 41. Polygonum hydropiper L. Pol hyd 42. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Pol lap 43. Potamogeton crispus L. Pot cri 44. Potamogeton gramineus L. Pot gra 45. Potamogeton lucens L. Pot luc 46. Potamogeton natans L. Pot nat 47. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Pot pec 48. Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Pot per 49. Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser Ror amp 50. Rumex hydrolapathum Hudson Rum hyd 51. Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Sag sag 52. Salvinia natans (L.) All. Sal nat 53. Scirpus lacustris L. Sci lac 54. Scirpus maritimus L. Bol mar 55. Scirpus triqueter L. Sci tri 56. Solanum dulcamara L. Sol dul 57. Solidago virgaurea L. Sol vir 58. Sparganium emersum Rehmann Spa eme 59. Sparganium erectum L. Spa ere 60. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden Spi pol 61. Stratiotes aloides L. Str alo 62. Thelypteris palustris Schott The pal 63. Trapa natans L. Tra nat 64. Typha angustifolia L. Typ ang 65. Typha latifolia L. Typ lat 66. Typha laxmannii Lepechin Typ lax 67. Urtica kioviensis Rogow. Urt kio 68. Utricularia vulgaris L. Utr vul 69. Vallisneria spiralis L. Val spi

8.10.2 Voucher samples Species Locality A H

1. Alisma gramineum Lej. Danube, rkm 1069 + + 2. Cyperus glomeratus L. Mišvoldski oxbow + + 3. Cyperus longus L. Ada Čibuklija + + 4. Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link. Mišvoldski oxbow + + 5. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & Schultes Ada Čibuklija + + 6. Epilobium hirsutum L. Jegrička + + 7. Lemna gibba L. Danube, rkm 1075 + + 8. Limosella aquatica L. Mišvoldski oxbow + + 9. Najas marina L. Danube, rkm 1078 + + 10. Najas minor All. Danube, rkm 1078 + + 11. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibith. & Sm. Danube, rkm 1039 + + 12. Nymphaea alba L. Danube, rkm 1085 + + 13. Nymphoides peltata (Gmelin) Kuntze Dubovačka Ada + + 14. Paspalum paspaloides (Micx.) Scribner Dubovačka Ada + + 15. Polygonum hydropiper L. Jegrička River + + 16. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Jegrička River + + 17. Potamogeton natans L. Danube, rkm 1069 + + 18. Scirpus triqueter L. Ada Čibuklija + + 19. Stratiotes aloides L. Obedska Bara + + 20. Thelypteris palustris Schott Obedska Bara + + 21. Trapa natans L. Danube, rkm 1109 + + 22. Typha laxmannii Lepechin Dubovačka Ada + +

8.10.3 Maps, pictures, and GIS data Danube

8.10.3.1 Sub area 12

8.10.3.1.1 River km 1409 - 1398

Fig. 42 Survey units between river km 1409 and 1389

Picture 1: River km 1400, bank structure

8.10.3.1.2 River km 1397-1388

Fig. 43: Survey units between river km 1397-1388

Picture 2: Low water level, river km 1397-1388

8.10.3.1.3 River km 1388-1375

Fig. 44: Survey units between river km 1388-1375

Picture 3: Croatian side of the Danube 8.10.3.1.4 River km 1377-1355

Fig. 45: Survey units between river km 1375-1355

Picture 5: The bank downstream of Picture 4: Bogojevo bridges Bogojevo 8.10.3.1. Backwaters in sub area 12

Fig.46: Overview of backwaters between river km 1409 and 1359

Picture 6: Misvoldski Dunavac I

Picture 7: Misvoldski Dunavac II

Picture 8: Side arm at river km 1385,5

Picture 8: Oxbow at river km 1378,5

Picture 9: Staklarski Dunavac

Picture 10: Stari Dunav

Picture 11: Golić side arm 8.10.3.2 Sub area 17

8.10.3.2.1 River km 1146-1136

Fig. 47: Survey units between river km 1146 and 1136

Picture 12: Flooded forest, river km 1143

Picture 13: Ferry «Mećava», river km 1145

8.10.3.2.2 River km 1136-1128

Fig. 48: Survey units between river km 1136-1128

Picture 14: River km 1133

8.10.3.2.3 River km 1127-1118

Fig. 49: Survey units between river km 1127-1118

Picture 15: River km 1119

8.10.3.2.4 River km 1116-1108

Fig. 50: Survey units between river km 1116-1106

Picture 16: Bridges at river km 1112

8.10.3.2.5 River km 1109-1100

Fig. 51: Survey units between river km 1109-1100

Picture 17: River km 1106

8.10.3.3 Sub area 18

8.10.3.3.1 River km 1099-1089

Fig. 52: Survey units between river km 1099-1089

Picture 18: River km 1091 8.10.3.3.2 River km 1089-1079

Fig. 53: Survey units between river km 1089-1079

Picture 19: Embankment near Dubovac village, river km 1088

Picture 20: This used to be riverine forest, river km 1088

Picture 21: River km 1086

Picture 22: Deliblato Sands, river km 1084

8.10.3.3.3 River km 1079-1075

Fig. 54: Survey units between river km 1079-1075

Picture 22: River km 1077

Picture 23: River km 1076

Picture 24: overview on river km 1075 and DTD canal

Picture 25: The mouth of the Nera River, river km 1075

8.10.3.4 Sub area 27

8.10.3.4.1 River km 1146-1136

Fig. 55: Survey units between river km 1146-1136

Picture 26: River km 1137

8.10.3.4.2 River km 1136-1128

Fig. 56: Survey units between river km 1136-1128

Picture 27: River km 1133

8.10.3.4.3 River km 1127-1118

Fig. 57: Survey units between river km 1127-1118

Picture 28: River km 1118

8.10.3.4.4 River km 1118-1109

Fig. 58: Survey units between river km 1118-1109

Picture 29: Smederevo fortress, river km1117

8.10.3.4.5 River km 1109-1100

Fig. 59: Survey units between river km 1109-1100

Picture 30: The mouth of Morava River. river km 1105

8.10.3.4.6 River km 1099-1089

Fig. 60: Survey units between river km 1099-1089

Picture 31: The mouth of Mlava River. river km 1091

8.10.3.4.6 River km 1089-1082

Fig. 61: Survey units between river km 1089-1082

Picture 32: River km 1085

8.10.3.4.7 River km 1080-1075

Fig. 62: Survey units between river km 1080-1075

Picture 32: River km 1079

Picture 33: Town of Ram, river km 1078

8.10.3.5 Backwaters, river km 1146-1075

Fig. 63: Overview of backwaters between river km1146 and 1074

Picture 34: Ada Ivanovo

Picture 35: Ada Đoka

Picture 36: Gročanska Ada

Picture 37: Smederevska Ada

Picture 38: The enterance in to Kovinski Dunavac (Ponjavica)

Picture 39: Dubovačka ada

Picture 40: Dubovačka ada

Picture 41: Dubovačka ada

Picture 42: Ada Žilovo

Picture 43: Ada Čibuklija

Picture 44: Ada Čibuklija

8.10.3.5 Sub area 28, river km 1074-1039

8.10.3.5.1 River km 1074-1064

Fig. 64: Survey unites, river km1074-1064

Picture 45: River km 1074

Picture 46: River km 1070

8.10.3.5.2 River km 1064-1053

Fig. 65: Survey unites, river km 1064-1054

Picture 46: River km 1062

8.10.3.5.3 River km 1053-1044

Fig. 66: Survey unites, river km 1053-1044

Picture 47: River km 1043

8.10.3.5.4 River km 1045-1038

Picture 48: River km 1039

Fig. 67: Survey unites, river km 1045-1038

8.10.3.6 Sub area 29

8.10.3.6.1 River km 1038-1026

Fig. 68: Survey unites, river km 1038-1026

Picture 49: Golubac Fortress, river km 1033

8.10.3.6.2 River km 1026-1015

Fig. 69: Survey unites, river km 1026-1015

Picture 50: River km 1020

8.10.3.6.3 River km 1015-1005

Fig. 70: Survey unites, river km 1015-1005

Picture 51: River km 1007

8.10.3.6.4 River km 1005-999

Fig. 71: Survey unites, river km 1005-999

Picture 52: The mouth of Boljetinska Picture 53: River km 1002 River, river km 1004

8.10.3.7 Sub area 30

8.10.3.7.1 River km 998-990

Fig. 72: Survey unites, river km 998-990

Picture 54: River km 991

Picture 55: The mouth of Zlatica River, river km 992

Picture 56: River km 990

8.10.3.8 Sub area 19 – Jegrička River

Fig. 73: Jegrička River, from Despotovo to Zmajevo

Fig. 74: Jegrička River, from Zmajevo to Temerin

Fig. 75: Jegrička River, from Temerin to Fishpond “Žabalj”

Fig. 76: Jegrička River, Fishpond “Žabalj”

Picture 57: Jegrička River Picture 60: Jegrička River

Picture 58: Jegrička River Picture 61: Jegrička River

Picture 59: Jegrička River Picture 62: Jegrička River

8.10.3.9 Sub area 20 – Obedska Bara

Fig. 77: Obedska Bara

Picture 63: Obedska Bara Picture 65: Obedska Bara

Picture 64: Obedska Bara