Manicaland Province WASH Sector Rapid Assessment Report

Complied by the Provincial Water and Sanitation Subcommittee

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Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge the support received during the conduct of these assessments in the 6 districts and all support received from district civil protection committees and district water and sanitation subcommittee members who participated in the process. Thank you to Mercy Corps and Oxfam for availing vehicles to support the movement of the PWSSC members into the districts. Thank you World Vision for the vehicle support in .

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MANICALAND PROVINCE WATER AND SANITATION ASSESSMENT REPORT

Introduction

The Manicaland Provincial water and sanitation subcommittee (PWSSC) commissioned rapid multi- stakeholder assessments for 6 districts made up of three teams. In the planning meeting it was agreed that district was going to be covered by two teams because of the difficulty in access for some of the areas, within the district. The other districts would then have each 1 team from the province to collaborate with the district civil protection and district water and sanitation subcommittees. However, the plan did not work as desired given that the assessments were commissioned on a Friday through the weekend. The assessments were partially constrained by lack of resources to meet government workers’ travel and subsistence allowances. So the assessment was commissioned with 3 teams on the first day and the Chimanimani team failing to leave because of transport challenges and ended up joining the team. The other team left heading for and the same team covered Makoni, and Mutasa districts. The Chipinge team also covered in two days.

Background

Zimbabwe was affected by the weather system named , on 14 March 2019, which was associated with a lot of destruction and damage of infrastructure along the eastern districts of the country. The Meteorological Service Department of raised an alert of Cyclone Idai, indicating that four provinces in Zimbabwe namely Manicaland, which was the entry point of the cyclone, , Mashonaland East and Mashonaland Central were likely to be affected by the cyclone. The impact of the cyclone was devastating as it left a trail of destructions, since it was associated with mud slides from mountains and rolling bolders, killing approximately 359 and 347 people reported missing. The strong winds and heavy rains in Chimanimani and Chipinge districts resulted in flash floods, destruction of infrastructure including houses, bridges, schools and utility lines and subsequent deaths of people. The affected population is in need of humanitarian assistance and protection from the bad weather and social ills. Sweeping away of communities like in Ngangu, Machongwe and Koppa, which were totally immersed in water and families were completely devastated. Rivers overflew bursting their banks sweeping away people, livestock and other household belongings, thus leaving survivors in great shock, stranded and homeless. The

3 numbers of the dead and missing is expected to continue to increase as some of the areas that were previously not accessible are becoming accessible and more discoveries being made.

On March 16th, Manicaland Province requested support to respond in three districts (Chipinge, Chimanimani and Mutare), which had raised alarm at that time. On the evening of March 16th, President , declared a state of disaster as more information on the disaster continued to trickle. The estimated affected population in the province is 55,167 households translating to 275,835 people, with 29,000 and 21,000 households reported affected in Chimanimani and Chipinge, respectively.

Purpose of the Assessments The main objectives of the assessments were to: i. meet with key district informants (CPC) and DWSSC to discuss the extent of the damage as a result of cyclone Idai to water and sanitation facilities. ii. establish and verify the extent of the damages on the ground of a few selected points based on the information submitted. iii. identify gaps, priorities for the WASH sector response strategy. iv. recommend short-term, mid-term and long-term response, mitigation and preparedness strategies.

Methodology The rapid assessments were conducted by three teams from the Provincial water and sanitation subcommittee in collaboration with DWSSC and development partners in the districts. A tool developed by E-SAG was recommended for data collection, but on its application in the field the teams partial used it. This was due to the fact that it was difficult to use it to collect data related to the cyclone as it spoke mainly to diseases. Key informants: The main approach used for the study was meeting with key informants first at the district level, who are the District Civil Protection Committee (DCPC) and the District Water and Sanitation Subcommittees (DWSSC), which were active receiving information on the destructions and coordinating the response in the different districts. Purposeful sampling and snowballing: This was then done in consultations with the local structures for wards and villages that were visited. This was informed by the statistics received on extent of the problem. Case studies were also used to understand the problem better, from individual narratives and experience.

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Findings

This photo is from Bemhiwa Primary School in Mutare which was not spared by the Cyclone as it lost a 1 x 10 toilet block leaving the school without adequate sanitary facilities for the learners. Boys have 4 squatholes left at their disposal for use whilst the girls have 15 squatholes.

Figure 1: Bemhiwa Primary School toilet block which collapsed due to cyclone Idai (Mutare)

General comments

❖ More water (55) and sanitation facilities were damaged in Chimanimani District more than other districts

❖ The team noted that some sites included on the lists were part of the districts rolling plans and where not necessarily damaged by the cyclone.

❖ Some of the water points included on the list were reported as non-functional prior to the Cyclone.

❖ The workmanship on latrine construction and substandard material for example some were built with unburnt bricks, without cement and were also not roofed.

❖ also contributed to the large number of structures that gave in to the cyclone. Due to inaccessibility some of the most hard hit areas of Chimanimani, data collection on household latrines is still under way.

❖ The initial emphasis on data collection was focusing on institutions and centres where displaced people are housed.

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❖ Mutasa and Makoni did not report any damage on water infrastructure although Mutasa recommended Jombe Clinic for consideration as the tank serving the institution was leaking and needed replacement.

Figure 2 showing one of a household latrine that collapsed as a result of cyclone and this household was child headed as parents were reported to be residing South Africa.

Figure 2: Household latrine that collapsed

Below are some of the houses that were drowned by Marovanyati dam and families are housed at Gombe Business Centre and in an AGRITEX house. These places did not have sanitation facilities and households were using neighbours facilities.

Figure 3: Structures that were immersed in Marovanyati Dam in Buhera

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Sanitary facilities Water Supplies Total Population District Ward affected Households latrines Name of institution Institutions Latrines Boreholes Deepwells PWS Springs Chimanimani 2 29 000 1 0 3 5 4 Mutambara Flooded & cracked 5 8 7 Bayabumba Primary School cracked 5 8 3 1 1x 8 squathole & 1x2 10 Chikukwa Primary School staff toilet 4 1 Mukombiwani High School 2x10 squathole 11 1 12 Charleswood Primary School 2x10 squathole 0 2 13 Manase Primary School 1x10 squathole 0 2 Kushinga Primary School 2x10 squathole Kushinga Secondary School 2x10 squathole 14 0 0 15 Chimanimani High School 5x10squathole 1 2 Ngangu Primary School 1x10 squathole 16 Dzingire Primary School 2x10 squathole 0 4 17 5 6 18 3 19 0 20 4 21 2 4 3 22 Vhimba Primary School 2x8 squathole 0 3 3 Hlabiso Primary School 3x8 squathole 23 Ndieme Primary School 1x10 squathole 2 2 26 Kwirire Primary School Toilet collapsed

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Nyahode Primary School Toilet collapsed TOTAL 230 44 14 19 Chipinge 1 21 000 40 3

2 60 3 70 3

4 33 1 5 25 1 15

6 120

7 40 8 150 15

9 900 20 10 0

11 5

12 60 13 80

14 733 15 33

16 50

17 7 1 18 19 20 50 6 21 60 22 55 23

2601 15 50 Chipinge Urban 33 000 16 Buhera 1 1 575 17

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2 75

3 1 4 29

5 20 6 80

8 10

9 15 10 15

11 15 12 45 0

13 25 2

14 12 15 50

17 60 18 25

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20 15 21

22 70 23 20

24 25 55 26 27 78 12 28 20 30 55 31 25 32 25 33 97 2

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953 5 12 Mutare Rural 3 1397 3

4 135 6 1

9 71 10 140

11 15

12 40 17 52

19 11 20 22

21 91

22 399 1 24 228 25 16 28 74 29 81 36 39 1417 1 1 Mutare Urban 15 80 17 Makoni 5 10 Chiduku Pimary School 1 x 2 squats Zvimbe Primary School 1 x 2 squats Sharara Primary School 1 x 2 squats Mavhunzi Primary School 1 x 2 squats Chitenderano Primary School 1 x 2 squats Bandanyenze Primary School 1 x 10 squats 6 5 7 8

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19 15 25 2 34 7 47 18 Mutasa 375

10 4 11 13

15 3 16 2

17 2 18 3 19 22 1 20 4 Sub total 53 1 GRAND TOTAL 5071 248 65 26 21 50 ESTIMATED COST (US$) 1,521,300 744,000 65,000 26,000 105,000 25,000

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Recommendations

❖ Chimanimani DWSSC should expeditiously complete household sanitation assessments.

❖ Further interrogation of the data received from the District level is required to be done by PWSSC, DWSSC and development partners.

❖ Capacitation (vehicles, fuel, office equipment and financial resources) of the PWSSC and DWSSC to collect data and verify some of the information through visits is required.

Conclusion

Although the teams managed to undertake the rapid assessments, the information obtained was inadequate particularly for the hardest hit Chimanimani district due to inaccessibility of some of the areas and some of key informants were still in shock or were busy trying to locate their missing relatives or colleagues. It was evident that districts were inflating figures in anticipation of support as corroborated by the field visits that were made by PWSSC and development partners. Missing critical information on some water and sanitation damages by location and extent of the damages was evident thus more support is needed to help teams clean the available data by undertaken thorough field assessments.

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