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1 International Workshop Baggage and Belonging: Military Collections and the British Empire Conveners Henrietta Lidchi

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1 International Workshop Baggage and Belonging: Military Collections and the British Empire Conveners Henrietta Lidchi International Workshop Baggage and Belonging: Military Collections and the British Empire Conveners Henrietta Lidchi (National Museum of World Cultures, Leiden) Biography Prior to working in the Netherlands Henrietta worked at the British Museum and at National Museums Scotland. Her research includes Native American art and material culture looking at collections histories and museum practices of collecting and display, as well as contemporary artistic practices. Since 2017 she has been Principal Investigator on the project Baggage and Belonging: Military Collections and the British Empire (1750-1900) at National Museums Scotland (AH/P006752/1). Her publications include: Surviving Desires: Making and Selling Jewellery in the American Southwest (British Museum/University of Oklahoma Press); Visual Currencies (National Museums Scotland Press); Imagining the Arctic (British Museum/University of Washington Press) and the forthcoming book, co-edited with Stuart Allan Dividing the Spoils: Perspectives on military collections and the British Empire (Manchester University Press). Stuart Allan (National Museums Scotland) Biography Stuart Allan is Keeper of Scottish History & Archaeology at National Museums Scotland. His specialism is in the material and organisational culture of the British Army, and his research focusses on the Scottish military tradition in its wider cultural contexts. He is author of Commando Country (2007), and co-author of Common Cause: Commonwealth Scots and the Great War (2014), and The Thin Red Line: War, Empire and Visions of Scotland (2004). He is currently co- investigator for the Arts and Humanities Research Council project Baggage and Belonging: military collections and the British Empire, 1750-1900 (AH/P006752/1). Nicole Hartwell (National Museums Scotland) Biography Nicole Hartwell is Postdoctoral Researcher at National Museums Scotland working on the Arts and Humanities Research Council project Baggage and Belonging: Military Collections and the British Empire, 1750-1900 (AH/P006752/1). She completed her doctorate at the University of Oxford which examined how non-European military cultures were perceived in Britain during the nineteenth century. Her research interests include the material culture of conflict; the collecting practices of the British armed forces; the development of military museums; and the military, cultural and intellectual history of the British Empire, c. 1750-1900. Her most recent publication is: ‘A Repository of Virtue? The United Service Museum, Collecting, and the Professionalization of the British Armed Forces, 1829–1864’, Journal of the History of Collections, 31:1, March 2019, pp. 77–91. She is also Managing Editor for the Journal of Military Ethics. 1 Abstracts and Speaker Biographies Keynote Spoils of War Edward Spiers (University of Leeds) Biography Edward Spiers is an emeritus professor at the University of Leeds. His 19 books include Haldane: An Army Reformer (1980), The Army and Society, 1815-1914 (1980), Radical General: Sir George de Lacy Evans, 1787-1870 (1983); The Late Victorian Army, 1868-1902 (1992), The Victorian Soldier in Africa (2004), and The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 1854-1902 (2006). He edited Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised (1998) and co-edited A Military History of Scotland (2012), which received the Saltire Prize and Templer Medal. He has also edited Letters from Ladysmith: Eyewitness Accounts from the South African War (2010) and Letters from Kimberley: Eyewitness Accounts from the South African War (2013), and written Letters from Mafeking: Eyewitness Accounts from the Longest Siege of the South African War (2019). Military and political governance Changing Expectations: How military ethics training and education have evolved over the last 200 years David Whetham (Defence Studies Department, King’s College London) Abstract This paper will look at the way the subject of military ethics has been conceived of, understood, and taught in the British military from the 19th century to today. It will focus on the way expected values and standards of behaviour were understood as implicit rather than explicit for much of this period, and how this has changed more recently in response to the changing character of war, but more importantly, due to the changes in demographics and societal expectations. Professional Military Ethics Education is now take seriously by military institutions and organisations around the world, and includes both traditional virtues-based approaches combined with judgmental training, as well as development (for some) of ethical reasoning skills and their application to novel situations and environments. the paper will also touch on whether the current balance between training and education in this area is appropriate for the challenges of the 21st century. Biography David Whetham is Professor of Ethics and the Military Profession in the Defence Studies Department of King’s College London. He is the Director of the King’s Centre for Military Ethics and delivers or coordinates the military ethics component of courses for between two and three thousand British and international officers a year at the UK’s Joint Services Command and Staff College. David supports military ethics education in many different countries and has held Visiting Fellowships at the Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership, US Naval Academy Annapolis, the Centre for Defence Leadership and Ethics at the Australian Defence College in Canberra and at the University of Glasgow. He was a Mid Career Fellow at the British Academy in 2017-18 and is currently a Visiting Professorial Fellow at the University of New South Wales. Publications include 1 Ethics, Law and Military Operations (Palgrave, 2010), Just Wars and Moral Victories (Brill, 2009) and with Andrea Ellner & Paul Robinson (Eds), When Soldiers Say No: Selective Conscientious Objection in the Modern Military (Ashgate: 2014). David is the Vice President of the European Chapter of the International Society for Military Ethics (Euro ISME). Looting and the Royal Netherlands East Indies (NEI) Army Pauljac Verhoeven (Museum Bronbeek) Abstract The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, since the demise of the East India Company in 1795, the army of the Colonial State, was continually active to establish & control the colonial empire of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the East (& West). I investigate the institutional looting of the NEI army. What was looted, what is the legitimization of the colonial state, where did the loot end up. In several cases the colonial state has decided to restitute (part of) the looted objects. I do deal with individual looting by soldiers of the NEI army, plenty of examples are available in several of the colonial collections in the Netherlands & Indonesia. The collecting of objects by the combination of army and civil service in the NEI from an institutional point of view is based on several insights. I will show that some of these insights are illustrated in the 19th century exhibitions of museum Bronbeek. The colonial government and the ministry of colonies in combination with the royal house of Orange worked together to place the looted objects (including human remains) mainly in the NEI itself, the museum of the Bataviaasch Genootschap in Batavia (Museum National), in some cases in several institutions in the Netherlands and abroad. The colonial government considered restitution from an early age, I will point to some of these moments. I will end with the conclusions of the negotiations in 1949 during the Round Table Conference on the handing over of the sovereignty to the newly established United States of Indonesia. Biography Pauljac Verhoeven (1964) studied art history & archaeology at the university of Leiden, the Netherlands. From 1991 he works in collection management: first in the national museum of ethnology in Leiden and since 1997 in the Royal Home for Retired Military Personnel & Museum Bronbeek in Arnhem. In 2004 he became director of the museum at Bronbeek. Bronbeek museum is the national museum for the colonial history of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. My main personal interest is the transfer of military technology from West to East and vice versa, within the colonial networks. I am currently working on a new permanent exhibition. The focus of the research is mainly the actions of the colonial government and the consequences of those actions for society. A special field of interest is the ongoing decolonization of the Netherlands. Caribbean military history and imperialism: The West India Regiment and the Africa campaigns of the 19th century Staci-Mari Dehaney (Jamaica Military Museum) Abstract “The colonial, of whatever society, is a product of revolution; and that revolution takes place in the mind” - V.S NAIPAUL, 1972 The West India Regiment was raised in the Caribbean in 1795 as a black regiment commanded by British Officers. They were armed with the task of military duty to the British Empire and her 1 interests and exploits throughout the period of colonial expansionism in the 18th and 19th centuries. The West India Regiment served in every war in West Africa in which the British were engaged. They were in the Ashanti Wars in Ghana in 1823-4 and the later campaigns. In 1825, a recruiting company was formed in Sierra Leone and was stationed at Bunce Island for a time, enlisting local people. Up to twelve West India Regiments existed, some serving in Jamaica. By 1818, after the French revolution, the numbers were reduced to six Regiments. In 1840, the Royal African
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