Thoroughfare Plan Technical Report for the Caldwell County Urban Area

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Thoroughfare Plan Technical Report for the Caldwell County Urban Area North Carolina Department of Transportation Transportation Planning Branch Thoroughfare Plan Technical Report for the Caldwell County Urban Area 2005 Table of Contents Chapter Page I. Introduction & Executive Summary Overview 1-1 Summary of Recommendations 1-2 II. Recommended Thoroughfare Plan Intent of the Thoroughfare Plan 2-1 Thoroughfare Plan Recommendations 2-1 Major Thoroughfares 2-1 Recommended Major Thoroughfares on New Location 2-17 Minor Thoroughfares 2-20 Recommended Minor Thoroughfares on New Location 2-24 Purpose and Need for Funded Projects 2-26 Connelly Springs Road (SR 1001) – TIP R-3430 2-27 US 64/NC 18 – TIP R-2549 2-30 Pleasant Hill Road Extension – TIP U-3437 2-33 US 321 (Hickory Boulevard) – TIP U-4700 2-36 Smith’s Crossroads Interchange – TIP U-4435 2-39 Alternate Modes of Transportation 2-47 Public Transit 2-47 Greenway Administrative Process 2-47 Bicycle Routes 2-53 North Carolina Moving Ahead 2-54 Conversion of the Lenoir CBD to Two-Way Operation 2-54 III. Implementation of the Thoroughfare Plan State-Municipal Adoption of the Thoroughfare Plan 3-1 Methods Used to Protect the Adopted Transportation Plan 3-2 Future Street Line Ordinances 3-2 Subdivision Regulations 3-2 Collector Street Plan 3-5 Zoning Ordinances 3-5 Functional Designs 3-5 Roadway Corridor Official Maps 3-6 Dedication of Right-of-Way with Density or Development Rights Transfer 3-6 Advance Right-of-Way Acquisition 3-7 Development Reviews 3-7 Direct Construction 3-7 i Funding Sources 3-8 Local Programs 3-8 Local Capital Improvement Program 3-8 Federal Assistance 3-8 Impact Fees 3-8 Municipal Service Districts 3-8 Planned Unit Development (PUD) 3-9 Transportation Improvement Program 3-9 Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program (CMAQ) 3-10 Enhancement Program Fund 3-10 Industrial Access Funds 3-13 National Highway System Program (NHS) Funds 3-13 Powell Bill Funds 3-13 Small Urban Funds 3-13 The North Carolina Highway Trust Fund Law 3-14 Other Funding Programs Available 3-14 Contingency/Discretionary Funds 3-14 North Carolina-Moving Ahead 3-14 IV. Analysis of the Caldwell County Urban Area’s Roadway System Existing Travel Patterns 4-1 Capacity Analysis of the Existing System 4-1 Level of Service 4-2 Crash Statistics 4-5 Traffic Capacity Analysis 4-9 Capacity Deficiencies 4-9 Bridge Conditions 4-15 V. Population and Land Use Factors Affecting the Future Roadway System 5-1 Population 5-1 Economy and Employment 5-11 Land Use 5-19 VI. Environmental Concerns Municipal Parks and Recreation Sites (Public) 6-1 Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Sites 6-2 Surface Water Intake 6-2 High Quality Water Zone 6-2 Wetlands (NWI) 6-2 Groundwater Recharge/Discharge Areas 6-3 Trout Streams 6-3 Water Supply Watershed Critical Area 6-4 Water Supply Watershed Protected Area 6-4 Water Supply I (WS-I) 6-4 ii Water Supply Watershed Protected Area (Continued) Water Supply II (WS-II) 6-4 Water Supply III (WS-III) 6-4 Water Supply IV (WS-IV) 6-5 Water Supply V (WS-V) 6-5 Class B Waters 6-5 Class C Waters 6-5 Threatened and Endangered Species (Natural Heritage Sites) 6-5 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Sites (NPDES) 6-6 Water Distribution System – Water Treatment Plants 6-7 Air Quality Pollution Discharge Points 6-7 Historic Sites 6-7 National Historic Preservation Act 6-7 NC General Statute 121-12(a) 6-7 National Register for Historic Places 6-7 The State of North Carolina Historic Preservation Office Study List 6-8 Solid Waste Facilities 6-8 Hazardous Waste Facilities 6-9 Hazardous Substance Disposal Sites (Superfund) 6-9 Federally Owned Lands 6-9 Archaeology 6-9 Internet Website Resources 6-9 VII. Travel Demand Model Development The Study Area 7-1 The Base Year Network 7-1 Data Requirements 7-1 Traffic Counts 7-11 Socioeconomic Data and Projections 7-11 Dwelling Unit Projections 7-11 Employment Projections 7-12 Commercial Vehicles 7-12 Trip Generation 7-12 Cordon Station Travel 7-59 Through Trips 7-59 External-Internal Trips 7-59 Design Year External and Through Trips 7-59 Secondary Non-home Based Trip Development 7-61 Internal Data Summary (IDS) 7-61 Internal Trip Distribution 7-62 Trip Assignment 7-67 Model Calibration 7-71 Accuracy Checks 7-71 iii List of Tables Table 4-1 High Crash Locations in Caldwell County 4-5 Table 4-2 State System Bridges for the Caldwell County Urban Area 4-16 Table 5-1 Population Trends and Projections 5-2 Table 5-2 Average Persons Per Dwelling Unit 5-11 Table 5-3 Employment Stratification for the Caldwell County Urban Area (from IDS) 5-11 Table 5-4 Employment/Population Ratio by Industry for Caldwell County vs. NC 5-12 Table 5-5 Labor Statistics for Caldwell County 5-12 Table 5-6 Caldwell County’s Largest Employers 5-13 Table 7-1 Travel Data Summary 7-13 Table 7-2 Travel Model Input Variables 7-13 Table 7-3 Base Year Socio-economic Dwelling Unit Input Data 7-35 Table 7-4 Base Year Socio-economic Employment Input Data 7-41 Table 7-5 Design Year Socio-economic Dwelling Unit Input Data 7-47 Table 7-6 Design Year Socio-economic Employment Input Data 7-53 Table 7-7 Cordon Station Travel 7-60 Table 7-8 Friction Factor Report for the Caldwell County Urban Area 7-63 Table 7-9 Travel Curve Report – Percent of Trips Distributed 7-67 Table 7-10 Actual vs. Model Screenline Total 7-71 iv List of Graphs Graph 5-1 Population Trend of Study Area Municipalities 5-5 Graph 5-2 Population Trend of Caldwell County 5-7 Graph 5-3 Population Trend of North Carolina 5-9 Graph 5-4 Caldwell County Employment/Population Ratio by Industry 5-15 Graph 5-5 North Carolina Employment/Population Ratio by Industry 5-17 Graph 7-1 Caldwell County Persons per Dwelling Unit 7-14 Graph 7-2 Friction Factor By Purpose 7-65 Graph 7-3 Percent of Trips Distributed 7-69 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Geographic Location 1-7 Figure 2.1 Caldwell County Urban Area Mutually Adopted Thoroughfare Plan 2-3 Figure 2.2 Recommended Improvements Map 2-5 Figure 2.2a Recommended Improvements Map (Lenoir Area) 2-7 Figure 2.3 Smith’s Crossroads Interchange Preliminary Functional Design 2-43 Figure 2.4 Single Point Urban Interchange Photo with Traffic Pattern Schematic 2-45 Illustration Figure 2.5 Lenoir Greenway Map 2-51 Figure 3.1 Development Process for a New Road 3-3 Figure 3.2 Biennial STIP Update Process 3-11 Figure 4.1 Levels of Service 4-3 v Figure 4.2 High Frequency Crash Locations 4-7 Figure 4.3 Roadway Deficiencies 4-13 Figure 4.4 State System Bridge Map 4-17 Figure 5.1 Zone Map 5-3 Figure 5.2 Caldwell County Zoning Map 5-21 Figure 6.1 Caldwell Environmental Map 1 6-11 Figure 6.2 Caldwell Environmental Map 2 6-13 Figure 7.1 Zone Map 7-3 Figure 7.1a Zone Map with Roads Showing 7-5 Figure 7.2 Caldwell County Urban Area Transplan Network 7-7 Figure 7.3 Lenoir Area Inset Tranplan Network 7-9 Figure 7.4 Town of Cajah’s Mountain Traffic Count Location Map 7-15 Figure 7.5 Caldwell County Traffic Count Location Map 7-17 Figure 7.6 Town of Gamewell Traffic Count Location Map 7-19 Figure 7.7 Town of Granite Falls Traffic Count Location Map 7-21 Figure 7.8 Town of Hudson Traffic Count Location Map 7-23 Figure 7.9 City of Lenoir Traffic Count Location Map 7-25 Figure 7.10 Town of Sawmills Traffic Count Location Map 7-27 Figure 7.11 Caldwell County Urban Area Total Dwelling Units 7-29 Figure 7.12 Caldwell County Urban Area Dwelling Unit Projections 7-31 Figure 7.13 Caldwell County Urban Area Employment Projections 7-33 Figure 7.14 Screenline Map 7-73 vi Appendices A - Thoroughfare Planning Principles Benefits of Thoroughfare Planning A-1 Idealized Major Thoroughfare System A-1 Thoroughfare Classification Systems A-2 Urban Classification A-2 Major Thoroughfares A-2 Minor Thoroughfares A-2 Local Access Streets A-2 Rural Classification A-5 Rural Principal Arterial System A-5 Rural Minor Arterial System A-5 Rural Collector System A-5 Major Collector Roads A-5 Minor Collector Roads A-5 Rural Local Road System A-5 Objectives of Thoroughfare Planning A-11 Operational Efficiency A-11 System Efficiency A-13 Application of Thoroughfare Planning Principles A-13 Figure A-1 Ideal Small Urban Thoroughfare Plan A-3 Figure A-2 Rural Highway Network Functional Classification A-7 Figure A-3 Caldwell County Rural Functional Classification Map A-9 B - Thoroughfare Plan Street Tabulation Thoroughfare Plan Street Tabulation Index of Terms B-1 Thoroughfare Plan Street Tabulation B-3 C - Typical Cross Sections A Four Lanes Divided Freeway with Median C-1 B Seven Lanes with Curb and Gutter C-1 C Five Lanes with Curb and Gutter C-1 D Six Lanes Divided with Raised Median and Curb and Gutter C-2 E Four Lanes Divided with Raised Median and Curb and Gutter C-2 F Four Lanes Divided Boulevard with Grass Median C-2 G Four Lanes with Curb and Gutter C-2 H Three Lanes with Curb and Gutter C-2 I Two Lanes with Curb and Gutter and Parking on Both Sides C-2 J Two Lanes with Curb and Gutter and Parking on One Side C-2 vii K Two Lanes with Paved Shoulder C-2 L Six Lanes Divided Freeway with Grass Median C-3 M Eight Lanes Divided with Raised Median and Curb and Gutter C-3 N Five Lanes with Curb and Gutter Widened Curb Lanes C-3 O Two Lanes with Shoulder Section C-3 P Four Lanes with Raised Median, Curb and Gutter and Widened Curb Lanes C-3 General C-3 Figure C-1 Typical Thoroughfare Cross Sections C-5 D - Recommended Subdivision Ordinances Definitions D-1 Streets and Roads D-1 Rural Roads D-1 Urban Streets D-1 Specific Type Rural or Urban Streets D-2 Property D-2 Subdivision D-2 Roadway Design Standards D-3 Right of Way Widths D-3 Street Widths D-5 Geometric Characteristics D-5 Intersections D-9 Cul-de-sacs D-9 Alleys D-9 Permits for Connections to State Roads D-9 Offsets for Utility Poles D-9 Wheel Chair Ramps D-10 Horizontal Width on Bridge Deck D-10 Table D-1 Minimum Right-of-way Requirements D-4 Table D-2 Design Speeds D-6 Table D-3 Sight Distance D-6 Table D-4 Superelevation D-7 Table D-5 Maximum Vertical Grade D-7 E -Index for Secondary Road Names vs.
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