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Archived Content Contenu Archivé ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. COUNTERING THE TERRORIST THREAT IN CANADA: AN INTERIM REPORT Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence The Honourable Daniel Lang Chair The Honourable Grant Mitchell Deputy Chair 2015 Ce document est disponible en français This report and the committee’s proceedings are available online at: www.senate-senat.ca/secd.asp Hard copies of this document are available by contacting: The Senate Committees Directorate at (613) 990-0088 or by email at [email protected] DEDICATION THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE DEDICATES THIS REPORT IN HONOUR OF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM WARRANT OFFICER PATRICE VINCENT CORPORAL NATHAN CIRILLO 9/11 VICTIMS AND VICTIMS OF THE AIR INDIA FLIGHT 182 TERRORIST ATTACK WHICH OCCURRED 30 YEARS AGO ON JUNE 23, 1985 YOU WILL NEVER BE FORGOTTEN TABLE OF CONTENTS MEMBERS .............................................................................................................................................. i ORDER OF REFERENCE ..................................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. iii BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................ vi RADICALIZATION IN CANADA ............................................................................................................ 1 A. Context ....................................................................................................................................... 1 B. Where it happens ....................................................................................................................... 2 C. Why it happens........................................................................................................................... 4 D. How families are affected and what supports are available to them ......................................... 4 PREVENTION........................................................................................................................................ 7 A. Countering radicalization............................................................................................................ 7 B. Federal-provincial partnerships.................................................................................................. 7 C. Terrorism financing..................................................................................................................... 8 D. Terrorist glorification.................................................................................................................10 E. Public information .....................................................................................................................10 FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CANADA ..................................................................................................12 A. Foreign Funding........................................................................................................................12 B. Infiltration of Canadian organizations and events....................................................................13 PROSECUTIONS ................................................................................................................................14 DILIGENCE AND DETERRENCE .......................................................................................................17 A. Pre-engagement analysis.........................................................................................................17 B. Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation (SLAPP)........................................................18 LOOKING AHEAD ...............................................................................................................................19 A. Review and oversight ...............................................................................................................19 B. Research ..................................................................................................................................20 C. Emergency planning.................................................................................................................20 APPENDIX 1 – WITNESSES............................................................................................................22 MEMBERS The Honourable Daniel Lang, Chair The Honourable Grant Mitchell, Deputy Chair and The Honourable Lynn Beyak The Honourable Jean-Guy Dagenais The Honourable Joseph A. Day The Honourable Colin Kenny The Honourable Thanh Hai Ngo The Honourable Carolyn Stewart Olsen The Honourable Vernon White Ex-officio members of the Committee: The Honourable Senators Claude Carignan, P.C., (or Yonah Martin) and James S. Cowan (or Joan Fraser). Other Senators who participated in the work of the Committee: The Honourable Senators George Baker, P.C., Marie-P. Charette-Poulin**, Tobias C. Enverga, and Suzanne Fortin-Duplessis**. (** retired Senator) Senators’ Staff Naresh Raghubeer, Policy Advisor, Office of Senator Lang Kyle Johnston, Policy Advisor, Office of Senator Mitchell Committee Staff: Adam Thompson, Clerk of the Committee Josée Thérien, Clerk of the Committee Maritza Jean-Pierre, Administrative Assistant Holly Porteous, Analyst, Library of Parliament Christina Yeung, Analyst, Library of Parliament Wolfgang Koerner, Analyst, Library of Parliament Francine Pressault, Communications Officer Alida Rubwindi, Communications Officer i ORDER OF REFERENCE Extract from the Journals of the Senate, Thursday, June 19, 2014: The Honourable Senator Lang moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Housakos: That the Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence be authorized to study and report on security threats facing Canada, including but not limited to: (a) Cyber espionage; (b) Threats to critical infrastructure; (c) Terrorist recruitment and financing; (d) Terrorist operations and prosecutions; and That the Committee report to the Senate no later than December 31, 2015, and that it retain all powers necessary to publicize its findings until 90 days after the tabling of the final report. The question being put on the motion, it was adopted. Gary W. O’Brien Clerk of the Senate ii INTRODUCTION On June 19, 2014, the Senate authorized the Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence “to study and report on security threats facing Canada.” In its interim report, the Committee examines terrorist recruitment, operations, financing, prosecutions and other aspects of the security threats Canadians face. At a future time, the Committee will report on cyber espionage and threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure. The Standing Senate Committee has heard from many witnesses, among them some of the foremost experts on terrorism, radicalization and violent extremism, as well as many individuals with first-hand experience of radicalization in Canada. The Committee is deeply concerned about the threats Canadians face and the measures which will be required to address them. Since the start of this study, two members of the Canadian Armed Forces have fallen victims to terrorist acts. On October 20th, 2014, an extremist Islamist fundamentalist terrorist murdered Warrant Officer Patrice Vincent in St. Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec; two days later, another jihadist murdered, Corporal Nathan Cirillo of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regiment as he stood sentry duty at the National War Memorial in Ottawa, and then proceeded to storm through the front doors of Parliament, seeking to inflict murder and mayhem. During its hearings, the Committee learned 93 Canadians have been identified as seeking to join Islamist extremist groups like the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), al Qaeda, Boko Harem, and al Shabaab. Eighty radicalized Canadians have been identified as participating
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