Paula Findlen Department of History Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2024 [email protected]
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Ingenuous Investigators”: Antonio Vallisneri’S Correspondents and The
Ivano Dal Prete Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America Columbia University Fellows Seminar October 24, 2012 “Ingenuous Investigators”: Antonio Vallisneri’s Correspondents and the Making of Natural Knowledge in 18 th -century Italy 1. History of Science in the Postmodern Age In the last two centuries, science has been regarded as the most important agent of change and progress in our society. The narrative of how and why it came to be such a commanding force contributed powerfully to this perception. The rise of modern science has long been portrayed as the triumph of human reason over superstition and authority; its history, a gallery adorned with the images of heroes like Copernicus, Galileo or Darwin who upheld self-evident facts against the prejudices of their times; experimental results and the laws of nature, the only objective “truths” that human beings could attain and agree upon. This narrative still largely informs popular views of the scientific enterprise; yet, the image of science as a disinterested pursuit of truth has come increasingly under question during the last decades, to the point that mistrust of science as a source of objectivie knowledge is considered a defining feature of postmodernity. The history of science as an 1 academic discipline has long participated in this trend,1 but it was not until the 1980s that it ceased to identify with the development of ideas and theories, as formulated by the most illustrious scientists. In their influential 1985 book Leviathan and the Air Pump , Steven Shapin and Simon -
Talking Science at the University of Padua in the Age of Antonio Vallisneri
Feingold run04.tex V1 - 07/20/2009 4:10pm Page 117 Talking Science at the University of Padua in the Age of Antonio Vallisneri Brendan Dooley Even for an accomplished scholar like Antonio Vallisneri, it was no simple matter to declaim extemporaneously in Latin before a public possibly demanding the best from a setting where Vesalius and Fabricius had once changed medical education forever in the West. Therefore successful completion of the inaugural lecture was a cause for celebration, so he wrote to the Tuscan grand ducal librarian Antonio Magliabechi in 1700: ‘Today is a holy day for me, since I made my solemn entrance into the university favoured by the applause of all the learned, the podesta` [of Padua] and the captain of the city’. The difficulty of the task was underscored by the special requirements of this setting: ‘I was able to speak for a whole hour with total clarity of memory and self-possession, such that I was myself surprised at my weak nature rendered so daring on this magnificently terrible occasion’. He recalled the unfortunate case of a law professor who failed at the same task ‘and died of woe a few days later’.1 But his work was far from done; and already as the school year began, he considered the daunting task before him: ‘I find the job particularly difficult, moreover, having to learn so many lessons by heart, which arrive at the number of eighty or more’2 As first professor of practical medicine, he was supposed to deliver a given number of lessons over portions of the period between September and June when classes were in session; and following a well-established custom, he walked into class each time without notes. -
Ulisse Aldrovandi and Antonio Vallisneri: the Italian Contribution to Knowledge of Neuropterous Insects Between the 16Th and the Early 18Th Centuries*
Ann. Mus. civ. St. nat. Ferrara Vol. 8 2005 [2007] pp.9-26 ISSN 1127-4476 Ulisse Aldrovandi and Antonio Vallisneri: the Italian contribution to knowledge of Neuropterous Insects between the 16th and the early 18th centuries* Rinaldo Nicoli Aldini 1, 2 1) Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Facolta di Agraria, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E milia Parmense 84,1-29100 Piacenza (Italy); 2) Scienze degli Alimenti, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena del Ia Facolta di Agraria, Alma Mater Studiorum, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 1-47023 Cesena (Italy). e-mail: rinaldo.nicoli@unicatUt The oldest evidence of neuropterous insects in Italian scientific literature dates back at least to the 15th-16th centuries and regards antlions. Documents concerning antiions and green lacewings are present in the outstanding corpus of watercolour illustrations of insects built up in the 16th cen tury by the great naturalist from Bologna, Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605), and then reproduced in his work De animalibus insectis (1602). His illustrations of some adult antlions and a green lace wing are among the earliest to be found in printed works. Between the 16th and the early 18th cen turies, other Italian authors mention or deal with lacewings, mainly the outstanding scientist from Reggio, Antonio Vallisneri (1661-1730), who published bionomical and behavioural observations on anti ions and green lacewings; he was the first to publish the life cycle of an antlion and to describe and illustrate the stalked eggs of green lacewings. Key words - entomology, neuropterology, history, Italy, anti ions, green lacewings, early authors. -
Pdf Version [3055K]
Vol. 8 | Fall 2013 Moving Localities Journal of History of Science and Technology ISSN 1646-7752 www.johost.eu Cover Front cover of Colloquies on the simples (Goa, 1563) (BNP) Journal of History of Science and Technology Vol.8, Fall 2013 ISSN 1646-7752 www.johost.eu Published by Interuniversity Centre for the History of Science and Technology CIUHCT – www.ciuhct.com Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences and Technology New University of Lisbon Institute of Social Sciences ICS - University of Lisbon www.ics.ul.pt Interdisciplinary Centre for History, Cultures and Society CIDEHUS - University of Évora www.cidehus.uevora.pt Centre of Studies of History and Philosophy of Science CEHFCi - University of Évora www.cehfci.org Design / webdesign Carlos Francisco [email protected] Editorial Board Chief editor Ana Carneiro (CIUHCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology - New University of Lisbon) Book Review Editor Marta Macedo (CIUHCT, Faculty of Sciences - University of Lisbon) Editorial Board Maria Paula Diogo (Faculty of Sciences and Technology - New University of Lisbon) Henrique Leitão, (Faculty of Sciences - University of Lisbon) Ana Cardoso de Matos (University of Évora) Ana Simões (Faculty of Sciences - University of Lisbon) Tiago Saraiva (Institute of Social Sciences - University of Lisbon) Fátima Nunes (University of Évora) Palmira Fontes Costa (Faculty of Sciences and Technology - New University of Lisbon) Elvira Callapez (CIUHCT) Luís Miguel Carolino (CIUHCT) Advisory Board Cristiana Bastos (University of Lisbon) -
Sara Green Editor Perspectives from Scientists and Philosophers
History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Sara Green Editor Philosophy of Systems Biology Perspectives from Scientists and Philosophers History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Editors Charles T. Wolfe, Ghent University, Belgium Philippe Huneman, IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A.C. Reydon, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Editorial Board Marshall Abrams (University of Alabama at Birmingham) Andre Ariew (Missouri) Minus van Baalen (UPMC, Paris) Domenico Bertoloni Meli (Indiana) Richard Burian (Virginia Tech) Pietro Corsi (EHESS, Paris) François Duchesneau (Université de Montréal) John Dupré (Exeter) Paul Farber (Oregon State) Lisa Gannett (Saint Mary’s University, Halifax) Andy Gardner (Oxford) Paul Griffi ths (Sydney) Jean Gayon (IHPST, Paris) Guido Giglioni (Warburg Institute, London) Thomas Heams (INRA, AgroParisTech, Paris) James Lennox (Pittsburgh) Annick Lesne (CNRS, UPMC, Paris) Tim Lewens (Cambridge) Edouard Machery (Pittsburgh) Alexandre Métraux (Archives Poincaré, Nancy) Hans Metz (Leiden) Roberta Millstein (Davis) Staffan Müller-Wille (Exeter) Dominic Murphy (Sydney) François Munoz (Université Montpellier 2) Stuart Newman (New York Medical College) Frederik Nijhout (Duke) Samir Okasha (Bristol) Susan Oyama (CUNY) Kevin Padian (Berkeley) David Queller (Washington University, St Louis) Stéphane Schmitt (SPHERE, CNRS, Paris) Phillip Sloan (Notre Dame) Jacqueline Sullivan (Western University, London, ON) Giuseppe Testa (IFOM-IEA, Milano) J. Scott Turner (Syracuse) Denis -
One Morning in *******1701 Antonio Vallisneri, First Professor Of
1 The University of Padua and the Learned Journal in the Early Eighteenth Century L'université de Padoue et les journaux savants au début du XVIIIe siècle. - Les leçons de médecine et d'histoire naturelle d’Antonio Vallisneri à l'université de Padoue constituent une source significative pour étudier l'usage des journaux savants dans l'enseignement universitaire au début du XVIIIe siècle. En effet, Vallisneri cite très souvent les journaux et il lui arrive de construire des leçons presqu'entières à partir d'extraits d'articles. Dans ce chapitre, on tentera de dégager la signification de cette utilisation pour l'histoire des journaux savants mais aussi celle des universités. One morning in 1701 Antonio Vallisneri, First Professor of Practical Medicine at the University of Padua, delivered his lecture on diseases of the head to the usual packed audience. As was his custom, he paid as little attention as possible to the official text upon which the lesson was to be based according to the university statutes and the course description as stated in the yearly rotulo or class schedule. In fact, on this particular day he entirely ignored the first Fen, entitled De Febribus, of Avicenna’s Liber Canonis, preferring instead to devote the lesson to recent cases and theories. And in explaining a case of headache caused by worms, he told the story of a young woman who had been resting by a field in a prone position when a worm crawled into her ear and remained there for several weeks—a condition to which the doctors thereupon applied their most ingenious methods. -
Galileo's Microscope Test
Galileo's microscope Test This is the Test material for verifying the contents of the History and Explore sections of the web application. Texts prepared by the Institute and Museum of the History of Science in Florence. Why a test? The structured test consists of 40 multiple-choice questions designed to verify the main content of the application. Galileo's microscope was created for the purpose of furnishing, in an attractive but strictly scientific way, a great body of information on microscopy in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. To reinforce the educational effect, it has been deemed useful to provide a tool of evaluation to be used by teachers, or of self-evaluation for others. For each question, reference is made to the section in which the answer can be found, allowing users the chance to verify the content. Standard timing for the answers is generally 1 minute for each multiple-choice question (34) and 30 seconds for each true/false question (6). The whole test should thus be completed within 37 minutes. 2 1. During what period was the microscope invented? a) □ In the late 15 th – early 16 th century. b) □ Around the middle of the 16 th century. c) □ In the late 16 th – early 17 th century . d) □ Around the middle of the 17 th century. Reference: HISTORY section – The compound microscope. 2. During what period was the “Galilean” microscope constructed (IMSS inv. 3429)? a) □ First half of the 17 th century. b) □ Second half of the 17 th century . c) □ First half of the 18 th century. -
Ulisse Aldrovandi and Antonio Vallisneri: the Italian Contribution to Knowledge of Neuropterous Insects Between the 16Th and the Early 18Th Centuries*
Ann. Mus. civ. St. nat. Ferrara Vol. 8 2005 [2007] pp. 9-26 ISSN 1127-4476 Ulisse Aldrovandi and Antonio Vallisneri: the Italian contribution to knowledge of Neuropterous Insects between the 16th and the early 18th centuries* Rinaldo Nicoli Aldini 1· 2 1) lstituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Facolta di Agraria, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E milia Parmense 84, 1-29100 Piacenza (Italy); 2) Scienze degli Alimenti, Polo Scientifico-Didattico di Cesena del la Facolta di Agraria, Alma Mater Studiorum, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 1-47023 Cesena (Italy), e-mail: [email protected] The oldest evidence of neuropterous insects in Italian scientific literature dates back at least to the 15th-16th centuries and regards antlions. Documents concerning antlions and green lacewings are present in the outstanding corpus of watercolour illustrations of insects built up in the 16th cen tury by the great naturalist from Bologna, Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605), and then reproduced in his work De animalibus insectis (1602). His illustrations of some adult antlions and a green lace wing are among the earliest to be found in printed works. Between the 16th and the early 18th cen turies, other Italian authors mention or deal with lacewings, mainly the outstanding scientist from Reggio, Antonio Vallisneri (1661-1730), who published bionomical and behavioural observations on antlions and green lacewings; he was the first to publish the life cycle of an antlion and to describe and illustrate the stalked eggs of green lacewings. Key words - entomology, neuropterology, history, Italy, antlions, green lacewings, early authors. -
Galileo's Cosmological View from the Sidereus Nuncius
FRANCO GIUDICE GALILEO’S COSMOLOGICAL VIEW FROM THE SIDEREUS NUNCIUS TO LETTERS ON SUNSPOTS ESTRATTO da GALILÆANA STUDIES IN RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MODERN SCIENCE Anno XI - 2014 Leo S. Olschki Editore Firenze GALILÆANAGALILÆANA JouStudiesrnal o f inG aRenaissancelilean Studies and Early Modern Science Galilæana approfondisce lo studio di tutti gli aspetti connessi alla figu- ra, aAsll’o indicatedpera, alle abycq uitsis iznewioni subtitlescientifi c–h eStudiese alla finor tRenaissanceuna di Galil eando G Earlyalilei. ModernPromoss Sciencea dal M u–s theeo G objectivealileo, e` pofub Galilaeanablicata sott ois gtoli apublishuspici d studieselle Un ionver stheita` lifedi F andiren zworke, Pa ofdo Galileo,va, Pisa easD wellomu ass Gresearchalilæan anot, e hdirectlya una p pertainingeriodicita` a tonn Galiuale-. leo, Gbutali lwhichæana hneverthelessa una signif ifocusescativa a ponpe relatedndice – figuresGalilæ aandna o themesn-line – fromsul s itheto earlyweb dmodernel Mus eperiod.o Galil Galilaeanaeo (www.m isu ssponsoredeogalileo.i tby/ga thelila eMuseoana.htm Galileol). Olt rande ag isli publishedindici cum uannuallylativi de lunderla rivis tthea, G auspicesalilæana ofon the-lin eUniversitypubblica laofd Florence,ocumenta ztheio- Universityne integrat iofva Padua,(testi m theano Universityscritti e a softa mPisa,pa, andtesti thedig iDomustali e m Galilaeana.ateriale icon o- grafAnico )indexcitata ofne allgli pastartic oissuesli a s taofm Galilaeanapa e indica, tincludinga con il si mthebo tableslo of con- tents of the articles published, lists of the accompanying source material and documentation (manuscripts and printed works, iconographic material), and links to digitalized copies of the material in this archive, may be accessed at theGa lwebsiteilæana sofea rtheche sMuseointo a lGalileol of the awww.museogalileo.it/galilaeana.htmlspects concerning the figure, work, scientific findings and fortunes of Galileo Galilei. -
Medicinay Seguridaddel Trabajo
2014 Med Segur Trab (Internet) 2014; Suplemento Extraordinario n.º 2: 79-87 MEDICINA y SEGURIDAD del trabajo Some interesting facts about the life and work of Bernardino Ramazzini, as an Epilogue Algunas curiosidades sobre la vida y obra de Bernardino Ramazzini, a modo de Epílogo Jorge Veiga de Cabo Head of Divulgation, Research and Services Area National School of Occupational Medicine Carlos III Institute of Health. Madrid. Spain Correspondencia Jorge Veiga de Cabo Jefe de Área de Divulgación, Investigación y Servicios Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo Instituto de Salud Carlos III C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3 28029 Madrid - España [email protected] Abstract In commemoration of the III Centenary of the death of Ramazzini, it is intended to provide a global view about some peculiarities, many of them better known than others, related to facts as his date of birth, date of death, the inspiration moment that led him to write Diseases of Workers including its main Spanish translations and his complementary work titled The health of Princes, among others. Key Words: Bernardino Rammazzini, Teatrise, Dissertation, Artisans, Diseases, Occupational Health. About the Diseases of Workers (De Morbis artificum diatriba). Resumen Con motivo de la conmemoración del III Centenario de la muerte de Ramazzini, se pretende dar una visión general sobre algunas curiosidades, algunas más conocidas que otras, sobre determinados aspectos relacionados con su fecha de nacimiento y fallecimiento, el momento de inspiración para escribir el Tratado de las enfermedades de los artesanos y sus principales traducciones al español, así como de su obra complementaria titulada Del Cuidado de la salud de los príncipes, entre otras. -
Peter Distelzweig Benjamin Goldberg Evan R. Ragland Editors Early Modern Medicine and Natural Philosophy History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences
History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Peter Distelzweig Benjamin Goldberg Evan R. Ragland Editors Early Modern Medicine and Natural Philosophy History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Volume 14 Editors Charles T. Wolfe, Ghent University, Belgium Philippe Huneman, IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A.C. Reydon, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Editorial Board Marshall Abrams (University of Alabama at Birmingham) Andre Ariew (Missouri) Minus van Baalen (UPMC, Paris) Domenico Bertoloni Meli (Indiana) Richard Burian (Virginia Tech) Pietro Corsi (EHESS, Paris) François Duchesneau (Université de Montréal) John Dupré (Exeter) Paul Farber (Oregon State) Lisa Gannett (Saint Mary’s University, Halifax) Andy Gardner (Oxford) Paul Griffi ths (Sydney) Jean Gayon (IHPST, Paris) Guido Giglioni (Warburg Institute, London) Thomas Heams (INRA, AgroParisTech, Paris) James Lennox (Pittsburgh) Annick Lesne (CNRS, UPMC, Paris) Tim Lewens (Cambridge) Edouard Machery (Pittsburgh) Alexandre Métraux (Archives Poincaré, Nancy) Hans Metz (Leiden) Roberta Millstein (Davis) Staffan Müller-Wille (Exeter) Dominic Murphy (Sydney) François Munoz (Université Montpellier 2) Stuart Newman (New York Medical College) Frederik Nijhout (Duke) Samir Okasha (Bristol) Susan Oyama (CUNY) Kevin Padian (Berkeley) David Queller (Washington University, St Louis) Stéphane Schmitt (SPHERE, CNRS, Paris) Phillip Sloan (Notre Dame) Jacqueline Sullivan (Western University, London, ON) Giuseppe Testa (IFOM-IEA, Milano) J. Scott Turner (Syracuse) Denis Walsh (Toronto) Marcel Weber (Geneva) More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8916 Peter Distelzweig • Benjamin Goldberg Evan R. Ragland Editors Early Modern Medicine and Natural Philosophy Editors Peter Distelzweig Benjamin Goldberg Department of Philosophy Department of Humanities University of St. Thomas and Cultural Studies St. -
The Science and Myth of Galileo
The Science and Myth of Galileo International Conference between the 17th and 19th Centuries in Europe Florence, Museo Galileo 29-31 January 2020 International Conference Florence, Museo Galileo 29-31 January 2020 The The circulation of Galileo’s name and ideas was not limited to the philosophical and scientific circles of the day, as was the case for other VENUE CONTACT figures who played a role in the birth of modern science. His work had Laura Manetti Science a much vaster impact and contributed to discussion and controversies in both the religious and political spheres. Immediately after his death Museo Galileo Museo Galileo in 1642, but above all from the middle of the 18th century to the end Piazza dei Giudici 1 [email protected] of the 19th century, Galileo’s condemnation by the Inquisition (on 22 Florence and Myth June 1633) and his forced abjuration fostered the construction of the Sara Trovalusci myth of the Tuscan scientist as a symbol of the freedom to conduct www.museogalileo.it Università di Siena scientific research in the pursuit of truth without restriction by religious [email protected] or political powers. of Galileo This vast field of study remains in large part unexplored. The aim of between the the international conference is to examine some of the most important th th themes linked to the Tuscan scientist and his complex legacy, a legacy 17 and 19 that has profoundly marked the continent and makes Galileo one of the Centuries defining figures of the European identity even today. in Europe The conference marks the conclusion of a three-year PRIN Project (Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale) conducted by five research Free admission until capacity is reached groups based in five Italian universities (Siena, Bergamo, Cagliari, Catania, and Roma III) and funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research.