part Some notable people1 in the court’sAppendix history Judges and Commission Members

Croatia Greece Vajić, Nina (F) from 1998 Maridakis, Georges (M) 1959–70 Evrigenis, Dimitris (M) 1975–86 Cyprus Valticos, Nicolas (M) 1986–98 Zekia, Mehmed (M) 1961–84 Rozakis, Christos (M) from 1998 (see introductory note) appendix Loizou, Andreas Nicolas (M) 1990–8 Loucaides, Loukis (M) 1998–2008 Hungary Nicolaou, George (M) from 2008 Baka, András B. (M) 1991–2008 Sajó, András (M) from 2008 Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia 1992, Czech Republic from 1993) Iceland Repík, Bohumil (M) 1992–3 (thereafter judge in Arnalds, Einar (M) 1959–67 respect of Slovakia) Sigurjónsson, Sigurgeir (M) 1967–71 Jungwiert, Karel (M) from 1993 Vilhjálmsson, Thór (M) 1971–98 Judges and Commission Members Jörundsson, Gaukur (M) 1998–2004 Denmark Thór Björgvinsson, Davíd (M) from 2004 Ross, Alf Niels Christian (M) 1959–71 Pedersen, Helga (F) 1971–80 Ireland Sørensen, Max (M) 1980–1 McGonigal, Richard (M) 1959–64 Gersing, Jørgen (M) 1982–8 Maguire, Conor Alexander (M) 1965–71 Foighel, Isi (M) 1989–98 O’Donoghue, Philip (M) 1971–80 Lorenzen, Peer (M) from 1998 Walsh, Brian (M) 1980–98 Hedigan, John (M) 1998–2007 Judges of the Court Austria Estonia Power, Ann (F) from 2008 Verdross, Alfred (M) 1959–77 Lõhmus, Uno (M) 1994–8 The following list includes judges serving on 10 October 2010. Matscher, Franz (M) 1977–98 Maruste, Rait (M) from 1998 (see introductory note) Italy On 22 June 2010 Angelika Nussberger was elected judge in Fuhrmann, Willi (M) 1998–2001 Balladore Pallieri, Giorgio (M) 1959–80 respect of Germany for a term of office starting on 1 January Steiner, Elisabeth (F) from 2001 Finland Russo, Carlo (M) 1981–98 2011. On 5 October 2010 Julia Laffranque was elected judge Pekkanen, Raimo (M) 1989–98 Conforti, Benedetto (M) 1998–2001 in respect of Estonia for a term of office starting on 1 January Azerbaijan Pellonpää, Matti (M) 1998–2006 Zagrebelsky, Vladimiro (M) 2001–10 2011. On 5 October 2010 Linos-Alexander Sicilianos was Hajiyev, Khanlar (M) from 2003 Hirvelä, Päivi (F) from 2007 Raimondi, Guido (M) from 2010 elected judge in respect of Greece for a term of office starting on 18 May 2011. (Ad hoc judges have not been included.) Belgium France Latvia Rolin, Henri (M) 1959–73 Cassin, René Samuel (M) 1959–76 Levits, Egils (M) 1995–2004 Ganshof van der Meersch, Walter (M) 1973–86 Teitgen, Pierre-Henri (M) 1976–80 Ziemele, Ineta (F) from 2005 De Meyer, Jan (M) 1986–98 Pettiti, Louis-Edmond (M) 1980–98 Albania Tulkens, Françoise (F) from 1998 Costa, Jean-Paul (M) from 1998 Liechtenstein Traja, Kristaq (M) 1998–2008 Macdonald, Ronald St. John (Canadian) (M) 1980–98 Bianku, Ledi (M) from 2008 Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Caflisch, Lucius (Swiss) (M) 1998–2006 Mijović, Ljiljana (F) from 2004 Ugrekhelidze, Mindia (M) 1999–2008 Villiger, Mark (Swiss) (M) from 2006 Andorra Tsotsoria, Nona (F) from 2008 Casadevall, Josep (M) from 1996 Bulgaria Lithuania Gotchev, Dimitar (M) 1992–8 Germany Kūris, Pranas (M) 1994–2004 Armenia Botoucharova, Snejana (F) 1998–2008 Mosler, Hermann (M) 1959–80 Jočienė, Danutė (F) from 2004 Gyulumyan, Alvina (F) from 2003 Kalaydjieva, Zdravka (F) from 2008 Bernhardt, Rudolf (M) 1981–98 Ress, Georg (M) 1998–2004 Jaeger, Renate (F) from 2004 (see introductory note)

208 209 The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights Judges and Commission Members

Luxembourg Portugal Palm, Elisabeth (F) 1988–2003 Belgium Rodenbourg, Eugène (M) 1959–75 Pinheiro Farinha, João de Deus (M) 1977–91 Fura, Elisabet (F) from 2003 Janssen-Pevtschin, Geneviève (F) 1954–66 Delvaux, Henri (M) 1976–7 Lopes Rocha, Manuel Antonio (M) 1991–8 Delahaye, Pedro O. Ch. (M) 1966–72 Liesch, Léon (M) 1977–85 Cabral Barreto, Ireneu (M) from 1998 Switzerland Custers, Jozef (M) 1972–8 Spielmann, Alphonse (M) 1985–98 Favre, Antoine (M) 1963–74 Melchior, Michel (M) 1978–84 Fischbach, Marc (M) 1998–2004 Romania Bindschedler-Robert, Denise (F) 1975–91 Vandenberghe, Hugo (M) 1984–90 Spielmann, Dean (M) from 2004 Voicu, Marin (M) 1996–8 Wildhaber, Luzius (M) 1991–2006 Geus, Jean-Claude (M) 1990–9 Bîrsan, Corneliu (M) from 1998 Malinverni, Giorgio (M) from 2007 Malta Bulgaria Cremona, John (M) 1965–92 Russia ‘The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’ Konstantinov, Emil (M) 1993–7 Mifsud Bonnici, Giuseppe (M) 1992–8 Toumanov, Vladimir (M) 1997–8 Tsatsa-Nikolovska, Margarita (F) 1998–2008 Arabadjiev, Alexander S. (M) 1997–9 Bonello, Giovanni (M) 1998–2010 Kovler, Anatoly (M) from 1999 Lazarova Trajkovska, Mirjana (F) from 2008 De Gaetano, Vincent Anthony (M) from 2010 Cyprus San Marino Turkey Triantafyllides, Michalakis Antoniou (M) 1963–89 Moldova Bigi, Federico (M) 1991–6 Arik, Kemel Fikret (M) 1959–65 Loucaides, Loukis (M) 1989–8 Panţîru, Tudor (M) 1996–2001 Ferrari Bravo, Luigi (Italian) (M) 1998–2001 Bilge, Suat (M) 1966–72 Pavlovschi, Stanislav (M) 2001–8 Mularoni, Antonella (F) 2001–8 Bozer, Ali (M) 1973–7 Czech Republic Poalelungi, Mihai (M) from 2008 Pardalos, Kristina (F) from 2009 Gölcüklü, Feyyaz (M) 1977–98 Mucha, Jiri (M) 1993–8 Türmen, Rıza (M) 1998–2008 Monaco Serbia Karakaş, Işıl (F) from 2008 Denmark Berro-Lefèvre, Isabelle (F) from 2006 (Serbia and Montenegro 2004–6, Serbia from 2006) Hansen, Ingeborg (F) 1954 Popović, Dragoljub (M) from 2005 Ukraine Sørensen, Max (M) 1954–73 Montenegro Butkevych, Volodymyr (M) 1996–2008 Nørgaard, Carl Aage (M) 1973–95 (Serbia and Montenegro 2004–6, Montenegro from 2006) Slovakia Yudkivska, Ganna (F) from 2010 Lorenzen, Peer (M) 1995–8 Vučinić, Nebojša (M) from 2008 (Czechoslovakia 1992, Slovakia from 1993) Repík, Bohumil (M) 1992–8 Estonia The Netherlands Strážnická, Viera (F) 1998–2004 McNair, Lord (Arnold Duncan) (M) 1959–66 Hion, Mai (F) 1996–9 Van Asbeck, Baron Frederik Mari (M) 1959–66 Šikuta, Ján (M) from 2004 Waldock, Sir Humphrey (M) 1966–74 Wiarda, Gerard J. (M) 1966–85 Fitzmaurice, Sir Gerald (M) 1974–80 Finland Donner, André (M) 1986–7 Slovenia Evans, Sir Vincent (M) 1980–90 Pellonpää, Matti Paavo (M) 1990–8 Martens, Sibrand Karel (M) 1988–96 Jambrek, Peter (M) 1993–8 Freeland, Sir John (M) 1991–8 Van Dijk, Petrus (M) 1996–8 Zupančič, Boštjan (M) from 1998 Bratza, Sir Nicolas (M) from 1998 France Thomassen, Wilhelmina (F) 1998–2004 Dupuy, Jean-René (M) 1974–81 Myjer, Egbert (M) from 2004 Spain Soyer, Jean-Claude (M) 1981–99 García de Enterría, Eduardo (M) 1978–86 Members of the Commission Norway Carrillo Salcedo, Juan Antonio (M) 1986–9 Germany Wold, Terje (M) 1959–72 Morenilla, José María (M) 1990–8 The Commission ceased to exist in 1999. Fuest, Irmgard (F) 1954–6 Ryssdal, Rolv (M) 1973–98 Pastor Ridruejo, José Antonio (M) 1998–2003 Süsterhenn, Adolf (M) 1954–73 Greve, Hanne Sophie (F) 1998–2004 Borrego Borrego, Francisco Javier (M) 2003–8 Andorra Frowein, Jochen A. (M) 1973–94 Jebens, Sverre Erik (M) from 2004 López Guerra, Luis (M) from 2008 Vila Amigó, Marc (M) 1996–9 Ress, Georg (M) 1994–8

Poland Sweden Austria (On 1 January 1957 the term of office of Mrs Fuest, Makarczyk, Jerzy (M) 1992–2002 Holmbäck, Åke Ernst (M) 1959–71 Ermacora, Felix (M) 1958–95 elected in respect of the Saar, came to an end following the Garlicki, Lech (M) from 2002 Petrén, Sture (M) 1971–6 Herndl, Kurt (M) 1995–8 political integration of the Saar into the Federal Republic Lagergren, Gunnar (M) 1977–88 of Germany. As a result of this integration the Saar ceased to be an Associate Member of the and thereby a High Contracting Party to the Convention.)

210 211 The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights Judges and Commission Members

Greece The Netherlands Turkey United Kingdom Eustathiades, Constantin Th. (M) 1954–70 Beaufort, Leo Josephus Cornelis (M) 1954–65 Akbay, Muvaffak (M) 1954–7 Waldock, Sir Humphrey (M) 1954–62 Tenekides, George (M) 1975–87 Gaay Fortman, Wilhelm Friedrich de (M) 1965–73 Erim, Nihat (M) 1957–63 Fawcett, Sir James (M) 1962–84 Rozakis, Christos (M) 1987–98 Polak, Carel H. (M) 1973–81 Balta, Tahsin Bekir (M) 1963–9 Anton, Sir Alexander Elder (M) 1984–5 Schermers, Henricus (M) 1981–96 Daver, Bülent (M) 1969–81 Hall, Sir Basil (M) 1985–93 Hungary Alkema, Evert (M) 1996–9 Gözübüyük, Seref (M) 1981–99 Bratza, Sir Nicolas (M) 1993–8 Bekes, Imre (M) 1993–9 Norway Iceland Berg, Paal (M) 1954–60 Jonasson, Herman (M) 1954–7 Castberg, Frede (M) 1960–70 Skarphédinsson, Fridjón (M) 1957–61 Opsahl, Torkel (M) 1970–84 Sigurjónsson, Sigurgeir (M) 1962–6 Thune, Gro Hillestad (F) 1984–99 Björnsson Lindal, Theódór (M) 1967–73 Jörundsson, Gaukur (M) 1974–98 Poland Nowicki, Marek A. (M) 1993–9 Ireland Black, William (M) 1954–6 Portugal Crosbie, James (M) 1956–61 Branco de Sampaio, Jorge Fernando (M) 1979–84 Maguire, Martin J. (M) 1961–2 Campinos, Jorge J. (M) 1984–90 Maguire, Conor A. (M) 1962–5 Almeida Ribeiro, Angelo Vidal (M) 1990–2 O’Donoghue, Philip (M) 1965–71 Cabral Barreto, Ireneu (M) 1993–8 Mangan, Kevin (M) 1971–5 Kiernan, Brendan J. (M) 1975–87 Romania Liddy, Jane (F) 1987–99 Birsan, Corneliu (M) 1995–8

Italy San Marino Dominedo, Francesco Maria (M) 1954–60 Reffi, Giordano Bruno (M) 1992–6 Sperduti, Giuseppe (M) 1960–92 Nicolini, Roberto (M) 1997–9 Conforti, Benedetto (M) 1993–8 Slovakia Liechtenstein Svaby, Daniel (M) 1993–9 Batliner, Gerard (M) 1983–90 Marxer, Benedikt (M) 1990–99 Slovenia Perenic, Anton (M) 1995–9 Lithuania Bieliunas, Egidijus (M) 1996–9 Spain Carrillo Salcedo, Juan Antonio (M) 1979–86 Luxembourg Martínez Ruiz, Luis Fernando (M) 1986–99 Faber, Paul (M) 1954–63 Welter, Felix Albert (M) 1963–75 Sweden Klecker, Nic (M) 1975–81 Petrén, Sture (M) 1954–69 Weitzel, Albert (M) 1981–99 Kellberg, Love (M) 1969–83 Danelius, Hans (M) 1983–99 Malta Busuttil, Edwin (M) 1967–99 Switzerland Trechsel, Stefan (M) 1975–99

212 213 Further Reading

Commentaries and Manuals on the Convention The Commissioner for Human Rights www.coe.int/commissioner The following recent commentaries and manuals in English are The Commissioner for Human Rights – an independent listed on the Internet pages of the Court’s library (‘Manuals on institution within the Council of Europe – is mandated to the Convention’) and may be found in well-stocked bookshops. promote the awareness of and respect for human rights. The Court takes no responsibility for their content nor does their Further Reading appearance on this list amount to an endorsement by the Court. Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Please refer to the library’s web pages for future updates. www.coe.int/t/dghl This Directorate General has overall responsibility for the The European Convention on Human Rights; R.C.A. White and development and implementation of the human rights and rule of C. Ovey, 5th edn. – Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, law standards of the Council of Europe, including the promotion 2010, ISBN 978-0-19954-338-0 of democracy through law, the operation of relevant treaties Law of the European Convention on Human Rights; D.J. Harris, and related monitoring mechanisms, and the development and M. O’Boyle, E. Bates and C. Buckley, 2nd edn. – Oxford, New implementation of activities in these fields. Publications and Other Resources Made Available Reforming the European Convention on Human Rights: A York, Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-406-90594-9 by the Court Work in Progress (2009), ISBN 978-92-871-6604-3 Prevention of Torture The Court’s Annual Report and the documents from its annual A Practitioner’s Guide to the European Convention on Human www.cpt.coe.int The Position of Aliens in Relation to the European Convention seminar (‘Dialogue between Judges’) are available on the Rights; K. Reid, 3rd edn. – London, Thomson/Sweet & Maxwell, The CPT (Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman on Human Rights (2007), ISBN 978-92-871-6098-0 Court’s Internet site (www.echr.coe.int). The Court’s official 2008, ISBN 978-1-84703-120-4 or Degrading Treatment or Punishment) visits places of detention in series Reports of Judgments and Decisions may be purchased Manual on Human Rights and the Environment: Principles European Human Rights Law: Text and Materials; M.W. Janis, order to assess how persons deprived of their liberty are treated. directly from the publisher (www.heymanns.com). The Registry Emerging from the Case-law of the European Court of Human R.S. Kay and A.W. Bradley, 3rd edn. – Oxford, New York, Oxford Protection of Social and Economic Rights publishes a monthly Information Note which summarizes Rights (2006), ISBN 978-92-871-5980-9 University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-927746-9 www.coe.int/socialcharter recently examined cases of interest. It is available on-line and a Short Guide to the European Convention on Human Rights Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human The European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR) monitors hard-copy version can be posted to subscribers. (3rd edn., 2005), ISBN 978-92-871-5670-9 Rights; P. van Dijk et al. (eds.), 4th edn. – Antwerp, Oxford, compliance with the European Social Charter. The on-line database HUDOC contains judgments, Intersentia, 2006, ISBN 90-5095-546-0 Combating Racism decisions, advisory opinions of the Court, reports of the Key Case-law Extracts: European Court of Human Rights www.coe.int/ecri European Commission of Human Rights, Resolutions of the (2004), ISBN 978-92-871-5055-4 Taking a Case to the European Court of Human Rights; The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance Committee of Ministers, over 1,000 translations of judgments P. Leach, 2nd edn. – Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, (ECRI) combats racism, xenophobia, antisemitism and into some 20 non-official languages as well as links to third- Human Rights Files 2005, ISBN 0-19-927528-9 intolerance in greater Europe. party Internet sites with further case-law translations. A paying Asylum and the European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Practice; J. Simor and B. Emmerson (eds.) – HUDOC DVD is updated three times a year. (no. 9, 2010), ISBN 978-92-871-6819-1 London, Sweet and Maxwell, 2000, ISBN 0-421-62540-6 Action against Trafficking in Human Beings The on-line database of the Court’s library enables users to www.coe.int/trafficking The Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human search for bibliographical references in a number of languages, European Human Rights: Taking a Case under the Convention; The Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings Rights (no. 19, 2008), ISBN 978-92-871-6373-8 either by case title or Convention Article (for example, L.J. Clements, N. Mole and A. Simmons, 2nd edn. – London, set up a Group of Experts (GRETA) and a Committee in charge CEDH-3 – please note that when searching by Article you must Social Security as a Human Right: The Protection Afforded by Sweet & Maxwell, 1999, ISBN 0-421-621605 of monitoring the implementation of that Convention. use the French denomination for ECHR, that is, CEDH). the European Convention on Human Rights (no. 23, 2007), Protection of National Minorities ISBN 978-92-871-6261-8 Some Council of Europe Bodies of Interest Publications by Council of Europe Publishing www.coe.int/minorities Freedom of Expression in Europe: Case-law Concerning Article Parliamentary Assembly An Advisory Committee – set up under the Framework The following recent publications relating to the Convention 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (no. 18, www.assembly.coe.int Convention for the Protection of National Minorities – makes may be ordered on-line from Council of Europe Publishing 2007), ISBN 978-92-871-6094-2 The members of the Parliamentary Assembly come from the recommendations for improving minority protection. (www.book.coe.int). national parliaments of the Council of Europe’s 47 member The Length of Civil and Criminal Proceedings in the Case-law Protection of Regional or Minority Languages States. The Assembly has been behind many of the Organization’s General books of the European Court of Human Rights (no. 16, 2007), ISBN www.coe.int/minlang major initiatives (the European Convention on Human Rights, The Council of Europe and Human Rights: An Introduction to 978-92-871-6266-3 A Committee of Independent Experts – set up under the for instance). Among other business, it elects the judges of the the European Convention on Human Rights (2010), ISBN 978- European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages – makes Environmental Protection and the European Convention on European Court of Human Rights and monitors how member 92-871-6836-8 recommendations for improvements in legislation, policy and practice. Human Rights (no. 21, 2005), ISBN 978-92-871-5698-3 States honour the commitments they enter into on becoming The Court in Facts and Figures: 1959-2009 (2010), ISBN 978- members of the Council of Europe. Venice Commission Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights: 92-871-6927-3 www.venice.coe.int Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion (no. 20, 2005), Execution of the Court’s Judgments The European Commission for Democracy through Law, better Human Rights and Criminal Procedure: The Case-law of the ISBN 978-92-871-5626-6 www.coe.int/execution known as the Venice Commission, is an advisory body on European Court of Human Rights (2009), ISBN 978-92-871- The Department for the Execution of Judgments of the European Introduction to the European Convention on Human Rights: constitutional matters. Initially conceived as a tool for emergency 6689-0 Court of Human Rights assists the Committee of Ministers in The Rights Guaranteed and the Protection Mechanism (no. 1, constitutional engineering, it has become an internationally its function of supervising the execution of these judgments by 2005), ISBN 978-92-871-5715-7 recognised independent legal think-tank. It now has 57 members member States. since States outside Europe are also allowed to join.

214 215 Sources, Credits Acknowledgements and Notice

Page 92: Extracts from a speech given by L. Wildhaber on the Picture Credits occasion of the opening of the Court’s judicial year, 21 January All images used in this publication are the copyright of Council 2005; full text published in Dialogue between Judges 2005, of Europe unless otherwise noted below. Council of Europe, 2005. Page 8: Schwarzkopf Stiftung (2008); 12: Roosevelt Stichting Pages 109–10: Extract from the foreword by H. Petzold to (photographer: Lex de Meester); 41B, 42 and 43: Stefan Œuvres d’Henri Rolin – Volume II: Henri Rolin et les droits de Sources, Credits, Acknowledgements and Notice Trechsel; 44: Chris Roodbeen and De Telegraaf; 54–5: Jesse l’homme, Les Amis d’Henri Rolin ASBL (eds.), Bruylant, 1999; van Muylwijck; 56–7: Noëlle Herrenschmidt; 60: Charles reproduced by kind permission of the author and the publisher. Demicoli; 63: Musée d’Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg Pages 112–3: Extracts from a speech given by R. Ryssdal on (photographer: Christof Weber); 77: Courtesy of the Albanian 29 April 1988 at the presentation of a Liber Amicorum to Post Office sh.a. and of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Gerard Wiarda, President of the Court, 1981–5; F. Matscher the Republic of Albania; courtesy of the government of the and H. Petzold (eds.), Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders Page 25: Extract from a speech given by Sir Humphrey Protecting Human Rights: The European Republic of Georgia; 81: Getty Images; 128: Editions A. Dimension. Studies in Honour of Gerard J. Wiarda, Carl of all works reproduced. If any acknowledgements have been Waldock on the occasion of the Brussels Exhibition, Pedone; 130: Council of Europe/Hermès International; 132: Heymanns, 1988. Stefan Trechsel; 149: Frantisek Zvardon; 150–1: Richard omitted, please contact Third Millennium Publishing. 3 September 1958; full speech published in the booklet Rogers Partnership and Atelier Claude Bucher Architects; 157: Fifth Anniversary of the Coming into Force of the European Page 128: Mélanges offerts à Polys Modinos – Problèmes des The Stockholm Institute of Public and International Law; 164: Sources Convention on Human Rights, Council of Europe, 1959. droits de l’homme et de l’unification européenne, Editions Solo Syndication; 165: Leiden University (photographer: Astrid Page 16: Extract from E. Metcalfe’s article ‘The Strange A. Pedone, 1968. Page 26: Extract from a speech given by M. de Boer-Buquicchio Koppers); 170: Stage 1; 172: Jos Collignon; 177: International Jurisprudence of Lord Hoffmann: Human Rights and the on 28 September 2009, in the context of the exhibition of the Page 144: Extract from a speech given by P. Modinos on Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP); 179 and 180–1: International Judge’, UCL Human Rights Review, 2009, original documents of the Statute of the Council of Europe and the occasion of the inauguration of the then Human Rights UNMIK Division of Public Information; 189: Wilhelmina Second Edition, reproduced by kind permission of the author the European Convention on Human Rights, on the occasion of Building, 28 September 1965; full speech published in the Thomassen; 195: Council of the European Union; 196: Yoshiko and the publisher. the 60th anniversary of the Council of Europe. booklet Inauguration of the Human Rights Building, Council Kusano and Monika Flückiger. Page 18: Extract from a presentation delivered by P. Carozza of Europe, 1965. Pages 28–9: Extracts from the Supplement to the Council of Acknowledgements on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Court and Europe News of August 1954 dedicated to the Inauguration of Page 145: Speech given by R. Cassin on the occasion of the The Editorial Board is indebted to European NAvigator (ENA) the opening of its judicial year, 30 January 2009; full speech the European Commission of Human Rights. inauguration of the then Human Rights Building, 28 September digital library, designed and developed by the Centre Virtuel de published in Dialogue between Judges 2009, Council of 1965, published in the booklet Inauguration of the Human la Connaissance sur l’Europe (www.ena.lu), for their precious Europe, 2009. Page 33: Extract from the foreword by P.-H. Teitgen to Rights Building, Council of Europe, 1965. La Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : assistance. Page 19 (bottom left): Extract from a presentation delivered commentaire article par article, L.E. Pettiti, E. Decaux and Page 169: Extracts from A Council for All Seasons – 50th The Editorial Board would also like to thank Stefan by P. Robinson on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the P.-H. Imbert (eds.), 1st edn., Economica, 1995. Anniversary of the Council of Europe, Ministry of Foreign Trechsel for the use of the images at pages 41–3 and 132, Court and the opening of its judicial year, 30 January 2009; full Affairs of Malta, 1999. Frantisek Zvardon (www.zvardon.com) for the use of the image speech published in Dialogue between Judges 2009, Council of Page 36: Extract from a speech given by Sir Humphrey at page 149, Christian Meyer for the use of the images at page Pages 174–5: Extract from Law in the Changing Europe. Liber Europe, 2009. Waldock on the occasion of the Brussels Exhibition, 153 and on the back cover (bottom left), and Patrick Müller for Amicorum Pranas Kūris, Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2008, 3 September 1958; full speech published in the booklet the use of the image at pages 160–1. Page 19 (top right): Extract from a speech given by Dame by kind permission of the author and the publisher. Fifth Anniversary of the Coming into Force of the European Finally, special thanks to Jos Collignon, Noëlle Rosalyn Higgins on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Convention on Human Rights, Council of Europe, 1959. Herrenschmidt, Chris Roodbeen and De Telegraaf for the Court and the opening of its judicial year, 30 January 2009; full Page 57: Extract from a speech given by L. Wildhaber on the use of their drawings or cartoons, and to the British Cartoon speech published in Dialogue between Judges 2009, Council of Archive (www.cartoons.ac.uk). Europe, 2009. occasion of the opening of the Court’s judicial year, 21 January 2005; full speech published in Dialogue between Judges 2005, Notice Page 20: Extract from a presentation delivered by V. Skouris Council of Europe, 2005. on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Court and All reference to Kosovo*, whether to the territory, institutions Page 72: Extract from a letter dated November 1983 addressed the opening of its judicial year, 30 January 2009; full speech or population, in this book shall be understood in full by a judge to the then President of the Court, Gerard Wiarda. compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution published in Dialogue between Judges 2009, Council of 1244 and without prejudice to the status of Kosovo. Europe, 2009. Pages 88–93: Chapter 5 is principally based on the Committee of Ministers’ Annual Report 2009 on the Supervision of the Page 22: Extract from a speech given by L. Benvenuti on the Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human occasion of the 10th anniversary of the entry into force of Rights, Council of Europe, 2010. the Convention, 18 September 1963; full speech published in the booklet Tenth Anniversary of the Entry into Force of the Page 91: Extract from the Declaration adopted at the European Convention on Human Rights, Council of Europe, High Level Conference on the Future of the Court, held in 1963. Interlaken, Switzerland, on 18 and 19 February 2010.

216 217 List of Subscribers

Jill Heine Dr Peter Leuprecht Signe Marie Stray Ryssdal Roland Herrmann Samuel Limosin Samford University Law Library Kevin Hesketh Javier Barcelona Llop Nikolaos Sansonetis Hüseyin Hezer Irinoula A. Loizou Manuel Hipólito Almeida dos Santos Flora Hinton Gavin Angus Macdonald William Schabas List of Subscribers Peter Hoopman Lydia Madero Martine Schlüter-Lapierre House of Representatives, Parliament of Giorgio Malinverni, Judge of the ECHR/ Christiane Schmaltz Malta Juge à la CEDH Professor Dr Rainer J Schweizer, University Pall Hreinsson Karl Marquardt of St Gallen Denis Huber H.T. Masmeyer Riccardo Sciaudone, Avvocato, Studio Professeur Ryuichi Ida, Faculté de droit, Jeremy McBride Legale Grimaldi e Associati, Bruxelles Université de Kyoto Christine Merkel, Chair, Steering Committee Scottish Government, Legal Directorate Indiana University Maurer School of Law for Culture, Council of Europe , Judge of the ECHR/Juge Institut suisse de droit comparé/Swiss Jan De Meyer à la CEDH M. Stapels-Wolfrat Le Blog de Maître Allegra Ireneu Cabral Barreto, Judge of the ECHR/ Dennis Edelen Institute of Comparative Law Susanna Mitton Kempees Institute for Human Rights, Åbo Akademi Jakob Th. Möller Bart Stapert Derek Antler Juge à la CEDH Embassy of the Federal Republic of University, Finland Professor John Warwick Montgomery PhD, Emmanuel Steger Professor Bruce P. Archibald Loïc Cadiet Germany INTES Družstvo pro výzkum Praha D.Théol, LL.D Elisabeth Steiner, Judge of the ECHR/Juge The Attorney General for Northern Ireland Ebru Çağlar Çakmak EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) Raluca Ivan Egbert Myjer, Judge of the ECHR/Juge à la à la CEDH Jelena Averinska A.I.L. Campbell Magistrate Dr Marse-Ann Farrugia Beata Jastrzebska CEDH Doina Straisteanu Professor Dr Peter J. Baauw Josep Casadevall, Judge of the ECHR/Juge Geneviève Frereux Oskars Jonans Mirjana Nadaždin Defterdarević Keijo Suomu Dr Rafael Ball à la CEDH Erik Fribergh Jackie Jones Michel Ngindu Supreme Administrative Court (Finland) Hans-Jürgen Bartsch Centre de Documentation et de Recherches Evelyne Friedel Judge Kathryn J. DuFour Law Library, Justice M.M. Nicolatos The Supreme Court of Hungary Dr Ed Bates, University of Southampton Européennes – Faculté Pluridisciplinaire Vincent A. De Gaetano, Judge of the The Catholic University of America Professor Dr J.F. Nijboer Romain Tinière, Professeur de droit public Florence Benoît-Rohmer de Bayonne ECHR/Juge à la CEDH Juristische Fakultät der Universität Michael and Margaret O’Boyle à la Faculté de droit de Grenoble, IDEDH Ellen Berends, Ambassador of the Gérard Cohen-Jonathan Piers Gardner Rostock Kaoru Obata Professor Christian Tomuschat, member, Netherlands to the Council of Europe at Consulate General of Japan at Strasbourg Nikolaos K. Gavalas Zdravka Kalaydjieva, Judge of the ECHR/ Simon Palmer Institut de Droit International Strasbourg R. Cook The General Register Office for Scotland Juge à la CEDH Dr Demetrius Papaphilippou Tribunal administratif de Strasbourg Bernard Favre R. Cornelisse Georgetown University Law Library Ingrid Kempees-Bosman Kristina Pardalos, Judge of the ECHR/Juge Tribunal Constitucional d’Andorra Rudolf Bernhardt Jean-Paul Costa, President of the ECHR/ J.H. Gerards Regina Kiener à la CEDH Baronne Françoise Tulkens, Judge of the Isabelle Berro-Lefèvre, Judge of the ECHR/ Président de la CEDH Professor Thomas Giegerich Sabine Klein-Guin Sophie Perruchon ECHR/Juge à la CEDH Juge à la CEDH Arthur Cox Guy S. Goodwin-Gill N.R. Koffeman LL.M Christophe Pettiti, Avocat The University of Akron School of Law The Danish Institute for Human Rights Regis de Gouttes, Premier Avocat Géneral Bibliothèque de droit des facultés Edo Korljan, Council of Europe Laurent Pettiti Library universitaires Saint-Louis, Bruxelles Davies, Gore, Lomax, solicitors Honoraire à la cour de cassation (France) Irena Kowalczyk-Kedziora Anne Philippides Susan Vaillant John Keith Bishop Geert Debersaques – Eerste Claudio Grossman David Krähenbühl Phoebus, Christos Clerides & Associates André Valençot Roeland Böcker voorzitter van de Raad voor Olivier Guillod Yannis Ktistakis LLC William Valk and Jennifer Griffith Elena Bodeva Vreemdelingenbetwistingen Alvina Gyulumyan, Judge of the ECHR/ JUDr. Michal Kučera Pasi Pölönen Hugo Vandenberghe, Honorary Senator M. Bohlken Dominique Dell’Acqua Juge à la CEDH Professor Dr Martin Kuijer Dr Jan Rademaker and Honorary Vice President of the Javier Borrego Borrego Olivier Dell’asino Yves Haeck Vilja Kutvonen Bertrand Ramcharan Belgian Senate Boston College Law Library Christian Deneve Dr Albrecht Haller Erick Landon, Avocat spécialiste de Professor Speedy Rice Mark Villiger, Judge of the ECHR/Juge à Christopher Brannan Brice Dickson Robert John Hamerslag propriété intellectuelle Diana Riochet la CEDH Sir Nicolas Bratza, Judge of the ECHR/ Dr Frank Chetcuti Dimech Harris Manchester College, Oxford Markus Lanter Ralph Roche Martin Weston Juge à la CEDH Sally Dollé Ruby Harrold-Claesson, Lawyer, President Rick Lawson Richard M. Rogers Alain Wijffels Joseph Britz Jean Duffar, Professeur de Facultés de of the Nordic Committee for Human Radica Lazareska-Gerovska, Government Allan Rosas, Judge of the Court of Justice Katrien G. Witteman Denise Brühl-Moser Droit, Paris Rights – NKMR Agent of the Republic of Macedonia of the European Union Willem-Jan van der Wolf, Wolf Legal Antonio Bultrini, Professeur de droit Florent Duplouy Harvard Law School Library Frédéric Lazaud Ruth Lilly Law Library, Indiana University Publishers international près l’Université de Lucy Dupong Heafey Law Library, Santa Clara Paul Lemmens School of Law Ineta Ziemele, Judge of the ECHR/Juge à Florence Monica Dyer University Dr.Techn/Dr.Ing Halvor Lervik Anders Ryssdal and Bettina Banoun la CEDH

218 219 Index

Bucher, Claude 4, 150 Daver, Bülent 213 Fawcett, Sir James 39, 41, 126, 126, 130, Budayeva and Others v. Russia 173 De Becker v. Belgium 44, 46, 48, 109, 134, 213 Buergenthal, Thomas 18, 115 192, 193 Felber, René 152 Bulgaria 54, 76, 173, 195, 208, 211 De Boer-Buquicchio, Maud 18, 26 Feldbrugge v. the Netherlands 59 Busuttil, Edwin 169, 212 De Gaetano, Vincent Anthony 210 Ferrari Bravo, Luigi 210 Index Butkevych, Volodymyr 37, 211 De Jong, Baljet and Van den Brink v. the Ferrari v. Italy 173 Netherlands 59 Finland 76, 139, 186, 209, 211 Cabral Barreto, Ireneu 86, 210, 212 De Meyer, Jan 37, 208 Fischbach, Marc 210 Caflisch, Lucius 209 De Puig, Lluís Maria 18 Fitzmaurice, Sir Gerald 108, 211 Çakıcı v. Turkey 173 De Salvia, Michele 128, 131, 135 Foighel, Isi 37, 209 Calmy-Rey, Micheline 196 De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp v. Belgium France 6, 20, 25, 40, 42–5, 68, 76, 108, Campinos, Jorge J. 212 194 109, 116, 124, 128, 139, 148, 152, Physical persons have been included Appleby and Others v. the United Berg, Paal 212 Carozza, Paolo 18, 19 Deković, Mehmed 180 173, 177, 194, 209, 211 in so far as they appear in the book up Kingdom 173 Berger, Vincent 49, 130, 185 Carrillo Salcedo, Juan Antonio 210, 212 Delahaye, Pedro O. Ch. 211 Freeland, Sir John 37, 211 to and including the lists of judges and Aprill, J. 142 Bernard, Henry 148 Casadevall, Josep 37, 86, 208 Delcourt v. Belgium 47, 59 Fribergh, Erik 58, 86, 128, 131, 199 Commission members. Authors mentioned Arabadjiev, Alexander S. 211 Bernhard, HRH Prince of the Case ‘relating to certain aspects of the laws Delvaux, Henri 210 Frowein, Jochen 40, 42, 211 only in bibliographical references have not Arik, Kemel Fikret 211 Netherlands 16 on the use of languages in education in Demicoli v. Malta 60, 60 Fuest, Irmgard 211 been included, unless their work has been Armenia 76, 156, 176, 208 Bernhardt, Rudolf 37, 49, 50, 114, 114, Belgium’ v. Belgium 48–9, 109 Demir and Baykara v. Turkey 173 Fuhrmann, Willi 208 cited. Names of institutions, institutes, Arnalds, Einar 209 115, 120, 208 Cassin, René 9, 13, 18, 27, 27, 39, 46–9, Demopoulos and Others v. Turkey 176 Fura, Elisabet 76, 86, 157, 187, 189, 211 non-governmental organizations and the Artico v. Italy 173, 184 Berro-Lefèvre, Isabelle 86, 203, 210 108–10, 108, 112, 113, 128, 142, 145, Denmark 25, 39, 68, 171, 189, 209, 211 like have not been included, unless they Assanidze v. Georgia 103, 173 Bianku, Ledi 86, 137, 208 192, 194, 209 Dicey, Albert Venn 25 Gaay Fortman, Wilhelm Friedrich de 212 were applicants in a cited case. Asselborn, Jean 8, 9 Bieliunas, Egidijus 212 Castberg, Frede 29, 212 Dieng, Adama 152 Galić v. the Netherlands 177 Countries other than the Council of Austria 16, 25, 33, 39, 44, 45, 47, 59, Bigi, Federico 210 Çavuşoğlu, Mevlüt 196 Dikme v. Turkey 57 Ganshof van der Meersch, Walter 50, Europe member States (whether former 76, 173, 204, 208, 211 Bijelić v. Montenegro and Serbia 204 Chahal v. the United Kingdom 202, 203 Dollé, Sally 127, 130, 135 113, 208 or current), regions and places have not Aybay, Rona 180 Bilge, Suat 211 Chinkin, Christine 178 Dominedo, Francesco Maria 212 García de Enterría, Eduardo 210 been included, unless a specific article has Azerbaijan 79, 127, 138, 176, 208 Binder, Nora 85 Churchill, Sir Winston 16, 21 Donner, André 210 Gardner, Piers 90 been devoted to one or more of them. Aziyevy v. Russia 173 Bindschedler-Robert, Denise 189, 211 Collignon, Jos 172 Doorson v. the Netherlands 60 Garlicki, Lech 86, 210 Entries in italics refer to cases brought Bîrsan, Corneliu 86, 210, 212 Confédération Française Démocratique Drzemczewski, Andrew 76 Georgia 35, 77, 103, 173, 176, 209 before the Court or the Commission. Page Bajrami v. Albania 137 Björnsson Lindal, Theódór 212 du Travail v. the European Dudgeon v. the United Kingdom 173 Georgia v. Russia 35, 176 numbers in bold refer to illustrations. Baka, András B. 37, 209 Black, William 212 Communities 42 Dupuy, René-Jean 40, 211 Germany 6, 25, 25, 28, 39, 59, 76, 90, Balić, Hasan 180 Bladet Tromsø and Stensaas v. Norway Conforti, Benedetto 209, 212 148, 155, 156, 173, 177, 199, 208, A. v. the United Kingdom 76 Balkenende, Jan Peter 12, 12 100 Costa, Jean-Paul 9, 9, 10, 12, 12, 13, 68, E. and Others v. the United Kingdom 173 209, 211 A. and Others v. the United Kingdom 184 Balladore Pallieri, Giorgio 9, 49, 50, Blagojević v. the Netherlands 177 75, 86, 116, 116, 173, 182, 196, 201, Eissen, Marc-André 8, 49, 113, 128, 128 Gersing, Jørgen 209 Aas, Nils 117 111–3, 111, 209 Blečić v. Croatia 176 209 Emonet and Others v. Switzerland 158 Geus, Jean-Claude 211 Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali v. the Balta, Tahsin Bekir 213 Bonello, Giovanni 61, 86, 210 Costello-Roberts v. the United Kingdom Engel and Others v. the Netherlands 59 Giacometti, Alberto 125 United Kingdom 30 Banković and Others v. Belgium and Borrego Borrego, Francisco Javier 210 173 Enrich Mas, Montserrat 49 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader 186, 187, 189 Adenauer, Konrad 28 Others 173, 176 Bosnia and Herzegovina 179–81, 208 Cremona, John 50, 112, 210 Erim, Nihat 213 Gölcüklü, Feyyaz 37, 211 Airey v. Ireland 46, 168, 173 Batliner, Gerard 212 Bosphorus Hava Yolları Turizm ve Croatia 79, 176, 209 Ermacora, Felix 40, 44, 211 Golder v. the United Kingdom 168, 173 Akbay, Muvaffak 213 Beatrix, HM Queen of the Netherlands Ticaret Anonim Şirketi (Bosphorus Crosbie, James 212 Estemirova, Natalia 166 Golsong, Heribert 128, 128, 130 Al-Adsani v. the United Kingdom 173 12 Airways) v. Ireland 173 Cruz Varas and Others v. Sweden 83 Estonia 102, 195, 208, 209, 211 Gotchev, Dimitar 37, 208 Al-Jedda v. the United Kingdom 177 Beaufort, Leo Josephus Cornelis 212 Botoucharova, Snejana 189, 208 Custers, Jozef 40, 41, 211 Eustathiades, Constantin Th. 212 Gözübüyük, Seref 213 Al-Skeini and Others v. the United Behrami and Behrami v. France 173, 177 Bouras, Alice 49 Custers and Others v. Denmark 68 Evans, Sir Vincent 211 Grădinar v. Moldova 173 Kingdom 68, 177 Bein, Siegfried 144 Bozano v. France 43, 44 Cyprus 35, 45, 61, 76, 173, 176, 209, Evans v. the United Kingdom 84, 170, Grasso, Giovanni 180 Albania 77, 137, 195, 208 Bekes, Imre 212 Bozer, Ali 211 211 173 Greece 20, 25, 40, 45, 52, 68, 76, 134, Ali and Ayşe Duran v. Turkey 173 Belgium 20, 25, 40, 42, 44, 46–9, 59, Brahms, Johannes 126 Cyprus v. Turkey 35, 176 Evrigenis, Dimitris 209 137, 173, 182, 208, 209, 212 Alkema, Evert 212 76, 109, 173, 176, 192, 193, 194, Bratza, Sir Nicolas 68, 86, 211, 213 Czech Republic 152, 152, 205, 209, 211 Greve, Hanne Sophie 189, 210 Allan v. the United Kingdom 173 208, 211 Britten, Benjamin 9 Czechoslovakia 176, 209, 210 F. v. Switzerland 173 Grotrian, Andrew 180 Almeida Ribeiro, Angelo Vidal 212 Benthem v. the Netherlands 59 Brüggemann and Scheuten v. Germany Faber, Paul 8, 28, 122, 122, 212 Gül v. Turkey 173 Andorra 208, 211 Benvenuti, Lodovico 22 173 Dalai Lama of Tibet (the 14th) 122 Favre, Antoine 211 Güleç v. Turkey 173 Anton, Sir Alexander Elder 213 Berg, Leif 5, 11, 11, 81 Bucher, Carl 155 Danelius, Hans 34, 40, 212 Fawcett, Beatrice 126 Gyulumyan, Alvina 86, 156, 187, 208

220 221 The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights Index

H. v. Norway 173 Jungwiert, Karel 37, 86, 209 Lithgow and Others v. the United Marxer, Benedikt 212 Opsahl, Torkel 40, 46, 212 Rauschning, Dietrich 180 Hajiyev, Khanlar 86, 139, 208 Kingdom 120 Masenko-Mavi, Viktor 180 Opuz v. Turkey 76, 172, 173 Raymond, Jean 125, 126 Hale, Baroness 188 Kalaydjieva, Zdravka 86, 208 Lithuania 76, 102, 115, 156, 157, 195, Mathew v. the Netherlands 68 Osman v. the United Kingdom 173 Refah Partisi (the Welfare Party) and Hall, Sir Basil 40, 213 Karakaş, Işıl 86, 211 209, 212 Matscher, Franz 37, 51, 131, 208 Others v. Turkey 173 Hallstein, Walter 25 Kellberg, Love 40, 212 Lõhmus, Uno 37, 209 Matthews v. the United Kingdom 173 Pafitis and Others v. Greece 173 Reffi, Giordano Bruno 212 Hammarberg, Thomas 13, 178, 196 Kelly and Others v. the United Kingdom Loizidou v. Turkey 184 Matznetter v. Austria 47 Pajić, Miodrag 180 Rekvényi v. Hungary 100, 101 Handyside v. the United Kingdom 170, 173 Loizou, Andreas Nicolas 37, 209 Maxwell-Fyfe, Sir David 28 Paladi v. Moldova 84 Religionsgemeinschaft der Zeugen 170, 171, 173, 184, 194 Kempees, Peter 5, 11, 58, 84, 93, 177, Lopes Rocha, Manuel Antonio 37, 210 Medvedyev and Others v. France 68 Palm, Elisabeth 37, 119, 189, 189, 211 Jehovas and Others v. Austria 204 Hansen, Ingeborg 211 180, 181 López Guerra, Luis 61, 86, 210 Melchior, Michel 211 Panţîru, Tudor 37, 210 Repík, Bohumil 37, 209, 210 Harutyunyan v. Armenia 156 Kershaw, Sir Anthony 135 López Ostra v. Spain 61 Metcalfe, Eric 16 Pardalos, Kristina 86, 210 Ress, Georg 209, 211 Havel, Václav 152, 152 Kerstens, Pieter Adriaan 16 Lorenzen, Peer 86, 209, 211 Mifsud Bonnici, Giuseppe 37, 210 Parizov v. ‘the former Yugoslav Republic Robinson, Mary 46, 189 Hedigan, John 209 Kiernan, Brendan 40, 212 Loucaides, Loukis 209, 211 Mijović, Ljiljana 86, 208 of Macedonia’ 159 Robinson, Patrick 19, 19 Herndl, Kurt 45, 211 Klecker, Nic 212 Luxembourg 8–10, 22, 25, 30, 49, 61–3, Mitterrand, François 152, 152 Pascal, Blaise 29 Rodenbourg, Eugène 210 Herrenschmidt, Noëlle 57 Konstantinov, Emil 211 112, 117, 122, 210, 212 Modinos, Polys 27, 28, 128, 128, 132, Pastor Ridruejo, José Antonio 210 Rodríguez Iglesias, Gil Carlos 198 Herrmann, Nicolas 23 Koskelo, Pauliine 186 134, 144 Pavlovschi, Stanislav 210 Rogers, Sir Richard 4, 148, 150, 150, Heydt, Jean-Marie 196 Koskenniemi, Martti 102 M.C. v. Bulgaria 173 Moldova 84, 173, 176, 195, 210 Pedersen, Helga 189, 209 153 Higgins, Dame Rosalyn 19, 19 Kosovo* 137, 177, 178, 179, 180 MacBride, Sean 47 Möller, Jacob 180 Pekkanen, Raimo 37, 209 Rolin, Henri 9, 39, 47, 109, 109, 110, Hion, Mai 211 Kostovski v. the Netherlands 59 McBride v. the United Kingdom 173 Monaco 76, 210 Pellegrin v. France 139 112, 113, 192–4, 208 Hirst v. the United Kingdom (no. 2) 173 Kovačić and Others v. Slovenia 176 McCann and Others v. the United Monnet, B. 142 Pellonpää, Matti 209, 211 Romania 76, 96, 97, 173, 195, 210, 212 Hirvelä, Päivi 86, 139, 209 Kovler, Anatoly 86, 210 Kingdom 173 Montenegro 204, 205, 210 Perenic, Anton 212 Rommel, Erwin 132 Holmbäck, Åke Ernst 210 Krüger, Hans Christian 35, 44, 44, 119, Macdonald, Ronald 37, 49, 209 Montesquieu, Charles de 28 Perrault, Dominique 148 Roodbeen, Chris 44 Hornsby v. Greece 168, 173 127, 130, 135, 135, 176 McFeeley and Others v. the United Morenilla, José María 37, 210 Petrén, Sture 29, 39, 124, 124, 134, 142, Roosevelt, Eleanor 13, 108 Hugh Jordan v. the United Kingdom 173 Kudła v. Poland 168, 173 Kingdom 42 Mortimer, John 5, 78 210, 212 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 12, 13 Hungary 100, 101, 176, 195, 209, 212 Kūris, Pranas 37, 209 McGonigal, Richard 209 Mosler, Hermann 49, 112, 114, 209 Pettiti, Louis-Edmond 37, 209 Roosevelt, Mrs Franklin D. Jr 12 Hunter, John 83 Kutscher, Hans 112 McMurtry, Stan 164 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 126 Petzold, Dorette 130 Ross, Alf Niels Christian 209 McNair, Lord 9, 46, 106, 106, 108, 113, Mucha, Jiri 211 Petzold, Herbert 37, 49, 110, 119, 128, Rozakis, Christos 68, 86, 209, 212 Iceland 16, 25, 33, 49, 209, 212 L. v. Lithuania 156 145, 193, 194, 211 Mularoni, Antonella 189, 210 130, 131 Russia 16, 23, 35, 58, 75, 76, 96, 97, Ilaşcu and Others v. Moldova and Russia Laffranque, Julia 208 McNulty, Anthony 28, 39, 130, 132, Murphy v. Ireland 173 Picard, Michèle 180 102, 173, 175, 176, 194, 195, 210 173, 176 Lagergren, Gunnar 210 132, 134, 135 Myjer, Egbert 5, 10, 11, 60, 69, 86, 210 Piermont v. France 68 Russo, Carlo 37, 49, 209 Ireland 16, 20, 25, 27, 27, 35, 40, 46, Lala and Pelladoah v. the Netherlands 44 Maguire, Conor Alexander 209, 212 Pinheiro Farinha, João de Deus 210 Ryssdal, Rolv 49, 50, 100, 109, 110, 46, 48, 59, 61, 75, 76, 78, 80, 134, Lalumière, Catherine 117 Maguire, Martin J. 212 Netherlands, The 12, 12, 13, 16, 20, 25, Poalelungi, Mihai 86, 210 113–5, , 117–20, , , 131, 173, 184, 189, 193, 209, 212 113 117 120 Latvia 101, 102, 195, 209 Mahoney, Paul 37, 49, 114, 120, 128, 40, 44, 44, 45, 50, 59, 60, 68, 69, 76, Polak, Carel 40, 212 , 210 Ireland v. the United Kingdom 16, 35, 152 Lautsi v. Italy 76 131 40, 76, 134, 184 112, 173, 177, 184, 210, 212 Poland 79, 97, 173, 195, 210, 212 Lavenir, Solange 73 Italy 20, 25, 25, 43, 45, 76, 111, 132, Makarczyk, Jerzy 37, 210 Nicolaou, George 86, 209 Popović, Dragoljub 86, 203, 210 S.A. Dangeville v. France 173 157, 173, 184, 202, 209, 212 Lawless v. Ireland 27, 27, 46–8, 75, 78, Malinverni, Giorgio 5, 11, 86, 159, 211 Nicolini, Roberto 212 Popović, Vitomir 180 Saadi v. Italy 202, 203 193, 194 Malone v. the United Kingdom 76 Nivert, Marianne 188 Portugal 40, 43, 76, 79, 210, 212 Saar 211 Jacot-Guillarmod, Olivier 148 Lawson, Rick 10, 165, 173 Malta 45, 49, 52, 60, 61, 71, 76, 186, Nørgaard, Carl Aage 40, 126, 127, 127, Power, Ann 86, 209 Sajó, András 86, 101, 209 Jaeger, Renate 86, 199, 209 Layton, Lord 28 210, 212 130, 152, 173, 211 Prebensen, Søren 114, 120 Salduz v. Turkey 172, 173 Jagland, Thorbjørn 196 Lazarova Trajkovska, Mirjana 86, 159, Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey 76, Norway 20, 25, 76, 100, 117, 117, 134, Pretty v. the United Kingdom 168, 172, Sampaio, Jorge Fernando Branco de 40, Jalloh v. Germany 156, 168, 173 211 83, 173 173, 177, 210, 212 173 43, 212 Jambrek, Peter 37, 210 Le Corbusier, Charles Édouard 142 Mangan, Kevin 212 Nowak, Manfred 180 Procola v. Luxembourg 61–3 San Marino 76, 210, 212 Janssen-Pevtschin, Geneviève 28, 211 Lemmens, Paul 178 Manoilescu and Dobrescu v. Romania Nowicki, Marek Antoni 178, 179, 212 Protopapa v. Turkey 76 Saramati v. France, Germany and Jebens, Sverre Erik 86, 100, 210 Leuprecht, Peter 117 and Russia 173 Nussberger, Angelika 208 Norway 173, 177 Jočienė, Danutė 86, 157, 209 Levits, Egils 37, 209 Marchal, Léon 28 Raimondi, Guido 86, 209 Sawyer, Christopher 79 Jonasson, Herman 212 Leyla Şahin v. Turkey 173 Maridakis, Georges 209 O’Boyle, Michael 5, 11, 11, 46, 86, 115, Ramazanova and Others v. Azerbaijan Schalk and Kopf v. Austria 173 Jörundsson, Gaukur 209, 212 Liddy, Jane 45, 212 Markotić, Vlatko 180 116, 124, 127, 198, 201 138 Schermers, Henry 44, 212 Jowett, Lord 192 Liechtenstein 33, 49, 115, 136, 209, 212 Martens, Sibrand Karel 210 O’Connor, Sandra Day 186 Ramsahai and Others v. the Netherlands Schoepfer, Marie-Thérèse 135, 135 Juka, Želimir 180 Liesch, Léon 210 Martínez, Miguel Ángel 152, O’Donoghue, Philip 209, 212 173 Schubert, Franz 126 Juliana, HRH Princess of the Lincoln, Anthony 28 Martínez Ruiz, Luis Fernando 212 Öcalan v. Turkey 84, 84 Ramzy v. the Netherlands 76 Schuman, Robert 22, 22, 25 Netherlands 16 Lindén, Staffan 157 Maruste, Rait 86, 209 Oğur v. Turkey 173 Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia 173 Scicluna, Henry 48

222 223 The Conscience of Europe: 50 Years of the European Court of Human Rights

Scordino v. Italy (no. 1) 157 Tarschys, Daniel 152 Van Oosterwijck v. Belgium 42 Scozzari and Giunta v. Italy 157 Taştan v. Turkey 203 Vandenberghe, Hugo 211 Selmouni v. France 173 Teitgen, Pierre-Henri 28, 33, 128, 209 Varnava and Others v. Turkey 176 Serbia 204, 210 Tenekides, George 40, 212 Verdross, Alfred 208 Serbia and Montenegro 205, 210 Tennyson, Lord Alfred 190 Vila Amigó, Marc 211 Sforza, Carlo 25 The former King of Greece and Others v. Vilhjálmsson, Thór 37, 49, 209 Sharpe, Jonathan L. 5, 9, 11, 11, 26, 37, Greece 68 Vilho Eskelinen and Others v. Finland 49, 58, 75, 111, 120 ‘The former Yugoslav Republic of 139 Sharpe, Maria Rosa 49 Macedonia’ 159, 211 Villiger, Mark E. 5, 11, 86, 111, 116, Sicilianos, Linos-Alexander 208 Thomassen, Wilhelmina 189, 210 136, 144, 155, 209 Sigurjónsson, Sigurgeir 209, 212 Thór Björgvinsson, Davíd 86, 209 Visser, Willem Adriaan Johan 16 Šikuta, Ján 86, 210 Thune, Gro Hillestad 212 Vo v. France 171, 173 Skarphédinsson, Fridjón 212 Titiun, Patrick 109 Voicu, Marin 37, 210 Skouris, Vassilios 20, 20 Tocqueville, Charles Alexis de 195 Vučinić, Nebojša 86, 205, 210 Slivenko v. Latvia 101, 102 Tonarelli-Lacore, Paola 98 Slovakia 54, 76, 209, 210, 212 Toubon, Jacques 152 Waite and Kennedy v. Germany 173 Slovenia 54, 176, 210, 212 Toumanov, Vladimir 37, 210 Waldock, Sir Humphrey 25, 36, 36, 47, Smyth, John 48 Traja, Kristaq 208 110–3, 110, 124, 134, 211, 213 Soering v. the United Kingdom 76, 83 Trautmann, Catherine 152 Walsh, Brendan 46 Sørensen, Ellen 125 Trechsel, Stefan 40, 45, 122, 127, 127, 212 Walsh, Brian 209 Sørensen, Max 39, 125, 125, 134, 209, Triantafyllides, Michalakis Antoniou 211 Wehenkel, Antoine 8 211 Tsatsa-Nikolovska, Margarita 189, 211 Weitzel, Albert 212 Sotomayor, Sonia 187 Tsotsoria, Nona 86, 103, 187, 209 Wells, H.G. 5 Soyer, Jean-Claude 211 Tulkens, Françoise 68, 86, 188, 189, 208 Welter, Felix Albert 212 Spaak, Paul-Henri 21 Turkey 20, 25, 35, 45, 52, 57, 76, 83, Weston, Martin 79 Spain 61, 124, 210, 212 84, 96, 97, 167, 173, 176, 177, 184, Wiarda, Gerard 13, 49, 50, 69, 112–4, Sperduti, Giuseppe 212 203, 211, 213 112, 131, 131, 210 Spielmann, Alphonse 37, 210 Türmen, Rıza 211 Widmer-Schlumpf, Eveline 196 Spielmann, Dean 5, 11, 63, 86, 108, 210 Tyrer v. the United Kingdom 169, 171, Wildhaber, Luzius 37, 57, 92, 115, 115, Sporrong and Lönnroth v. Sweden 73 173, 184 116, 120, 130, 162, 173, 175, 189, Steck-Risch and Others v. Liechtenstein Tysiąc v. Poland 173 211 136 Willem-Alexander, HRH Prince of the Steiner, Elisabeth 86, 204, 208 Ugrekhelidze, Mindia 209 Netherlands 12 Stögmüller v. Austria 47 Ukraine 71, 96, 97, 195, 211 Winterwerp v. the Netherlands 59, 76 Strážnická, Viera 189, 210 Undén, Östen 124 Wold, Terje 47, 210 Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v. Germany 90 Ungers, Thomas 148 Sunday Times v. the United Kingdom United Communist Party of Turkey and X v. France 43, 44 (no. 1) 49, 194 Others v. Turkey 173 X v. the Netherlands 44 Sundberg, Jacob W.F. 125 United Kingdom 16, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, X and Y v. the Netherlands 59, 184 Süsterhenn, Adolf 29, 211 42, 45, 49, 54, 59, 61, 68, 76, 83, 84, Xenides-Arestis v. Turkey 176 Svaby, Daniel 212 116, 120, 134, 148, 170, 171, 173, Sweden 20, 25, 40, 73, 79, 83, 124, 157, 177, 184, 194, 202, 211, 213 Young, James and Webster v. the United 188, 189, 210, 212 Kingdom 76, 173 Swedish Engine Drivers’ Union v. Vajić, Nina 86, 187, 189, 209 Yudkivska, Ganna 86, 211 Sweden 157 Valticos, Nicolas 37, 209 Switzerland 43, 52, 115, 152, 155, 158, Van Asbeck, Baron Frederik Mari 210 Zagrebelsky, Vladimiro 209 173, 182, 189, 211, 212 Van Dijk, Petrus 37, 210 Zannier, Lamberto 178 Van Mechelen and Others v. the Zekia, Mehmed 209 Takhayeva and Others v. Russia 75, 173 Netherlands 60 Ziemele, Ineta 86, 103, 209 Talwar, Rajesh 178 Van Muylwijck, Jesse 55 Zupančič, Boštjan 86, 210

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