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94366150006.Pdf Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana ISSN: 1405-3322 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Estrada-Ruiz, Emilio; Gasson, Peter Evidence of large Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene- early Miocene Santiago Formation, Azuero, Panama Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 72, no. 2, 00006, 2020, May-August Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a300719 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94366150006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 72 (2) / 2020 / 1 Evidence of large Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene–early Miocene Santiago Formation, Azuero, Panama Evidencia de árboles grandes de Anacardiaceae del Oligoceno-Mioceno temprano en la Formación Santiago, Azuero, Panamá Oris Rodríguez-Reyes1,2,*, Emilio Estrada-Ruiz3, Peter Gasson4 ABSTRACT 1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y ABSTRACT RESUMEN Tecnología, Departamento de Botánica, Uni- versidad de Panamá. Apartado 00017, 0824, Panama. We have poor knowledge of the Tenemos poco conocimiento de las floras que plants that inhabited Central 2 habitaron América Central durante el Ceno- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box America during the Cenozoic. One 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón Republic of Pan- zoico. Anacardiaceae es una de las familias ama, Panama. of the families with a rich fossil record worldwide, especially for the con un abundante registro fósil a nivel 3Departamento de Zoología, Laboratorio Oligocene and Miocene epochs is mundial, especialmente para el Oligoceno y de Ecología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Anacardiaceae. Llanodelacruzoxylon Mioceno. Llanodelacruzoxylon sandovalii Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, sandovalii gen. et sp. nov. is the first gen. et sp. nov. es el primer registro de una 11340, CDMX, Mexico. formal record of a fossil wood of madera fósil de Anacardiaceae encontrada Anacardiaceae found in Panama and 4 en Panamá y América Central hasta ahora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Sur- Central America to date. We col- rey TW93AB, United Kingdom. lected the fossil woods in the Oligo- Recolectamos las maderas fósiles en la *Corresponding author: (O. Rodrguez-Reyes) cene–Miocene Santiago Formation, Formación Santiago, Península de Azuero, [email protected] in the Azuero Peninsula, Panama. Panamá. Describimos e identificamos estos Among the samples collected we have especímenes como Anacardiaceae, usando described and identified this new caracteres anatómicos de la madera y fossil genus of Anacardiaceae, using extensas comparaciones de material fósil y wood anatomical characters and extensive comparisons with fossil and moderno. Estos dos especímenes comparten extant material. These two specimens características diagnósticas con maderas How to cite this article: share diagnostic features with several de Anacardiaceae, como son: vasos grandes Rodríguez-Reyes, O., Estrada-Ruiz, E., Anacardiaceae woods, such as: large (>200 µm), punteaduras vaso-radiales Gasson, P., 2020, Evidence of large vessels (>200 µm), simple vessel-ray simples y radios uniseriados con cristales Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene– pitting and rays mostly uniseriate grandes. La presencia de Anacardiaceae en early Miocene Santiago Formation, Azuero, with large crystals. The occurrence Panama: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica of these Anacardiaceae in Panama Panamá para el Oligoceno-Mioceno, ayuda Mexicana 72(2), A300719. http://dx.doi. by the Oligocene to Miocene adds a entender la historia biogeográfica de la org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a300719 to the understanding of the histor- familia y soporta la idea de América Cen- ical biogeography of the family and tral (incluyendo México) como un centro de supports Central America (including divergencia de Anacardiaceae. Mexico) being a divergence center of Manuscript received: April 26, 2019 the Anacardiaceae. Palabras clave: Anacarcadiaceae, Corrected manuscript received: July 20, 2019 Manuscript accepted: July 30, 2019 Oligoceno–Mioceno, Madera fósil, Keywords: Anacarcadiaceae, Formación Santiago, Panamá. Oligocene–Miocene, fossil wood, Peer Reviewing under the responsibility of Santiago Formation, Panama. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) arge Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene–early Miocene, Panama L http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a300719 Article A300719 2 / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 72 (2) / 2020 1. Introduction This new record is presented as additional evi- dence that Central America (including Mexico) Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae (Sapindales) was a divergence center of the Anacardiaceae. provide an excellent opportunity for investigating the biogeographic history of tropical diversifica- INTRODUCTION/MATERIALS AND METHODS tion and the relative importance of movement 2. Materials and methods and climatic adaptation in angiosperm evolution (Weeks et al., 2014). These families occur on every The two specimens reported herein were col- continent except Oceania and Antarctica and lected in the Veraguas province in Panama. STRI are major elements of temperate, seasonally dry 44038B is a large trunk collected on a private farm tropical forests and tropical wet forests (Gentry, in Llano de La Cruz (latitude 08° 09’ 4.7” N; lon- 1988; Pennington et al., 2010). Although these two gitude 80° 53’ 11.2” W) (Figure 1). families have approximately the same number of The preserved holotype fossil trunk is ~ 20 m species, the Anacardiaceae occupy a wider range in length and 80 cm in preserved diameter (Fig- of habitats (Weeks et al., 2014). ure 2A to 2C). The paratype STRI 45789, was Anacardiaceae/Burseraceae have a long collected in Boquerones, San Francisco (latitude evolutionary history. Xie et al. (2014) suggested 08° 13’ 46.4” N; longitude 80° 51’ 45.1” W). The the divergence occurred approximately 73 Ma, paratype has a size of approximately 9.3 cm in based on the oldest fossil record of Anacar- wide and 8.5 cm in length. diaceae (Estrada-Ruiz et al., 2010). The fossil record of Anacardiaceae is extensive worldwide (Stevens, 2001 onwards), with approximately 80 specimens associated with the family (e.g., Kruse, 1954; Wheeler and Manchester, 2002; Martínez- Cabrera and Cevallos-Ferriz, 2004; Gregory et al., 2009; Estrada-Ruiz et al., 2010; Pérez-Lara et al., 2017; Woodcock et al., 2017). The majority of these records are from South America and Asia (Weeks et al., 2014). There are only two reports of fossil Anacardia- ceae from Panama, both discovered in the Azuero Peninsula: Dracontomelon L. endocarps from the Eocene Tonosí Formation (Herrera et al., 2012) and one fossil wood that resembles Anacardia- ceae/Burseraceae from the Oligocene-Miocene Santiago Formation, found in the surrounds of the Ocú town (Jud and Dunham, 2017). Here we report the largest fossil trunk discov- ered in Panama and probably, Central America, to date. The wood has several features that support an affinity to the Anacardiaceae, although they are not found in any specific extant genus. Conse- quently, we erect a new fossil-genus and species of Figure 1 A) Map of Panama and the Azuero Peninsula, and B) It Anacardiaceae. shows the Holotype collection locality arge Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene–early Miocene, Panama L Article A300719 http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a300719 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 72 (2) / 2020 / 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Figure 2 The “big tree” and its original position in the field. A, Preserved length of the “big tree” (arrows). B, Logs split from the original preserved total tree length. Follow arrows to see continuity of the fossil extent. C, Preservation of the external part of the fossil wood. 2.1 GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT as part of the Oligocene to Miocene Santiago Formation, sometimes referred to as Macaracas STRI 44038 is the largest fossilized trunk found Formation that outcrops in the Macaracas Basin in Panama to date. The trunk is lying within lay- (Buchs et al., 2011). Kolarsky et al. (1995) reported ers of sandy mudrock and sedimentary breccia, samples of pollen, foraminifera, and nannofossils parallel to bedding. Fining upward sequences from the Macaracas Basin in central Azuero and indicate fluvial environments as the main deposi- concluded that they support a late Oligocene to tional system. STRI 45789, as all the others fossil early Miocene age, although the preservation of woods we have collected from this area, is found the specimens was poor. as a float specimen on cattle farms covered with The age of the Santiago Formation has not vegetation, as the most resistant ‘clasts’ from dif- been clearly determined due to its stratigraphic ferential weathering. This area has been mapped complexity, lack of good outcrops, and absence arge Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene–early Miocene, Panama L http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2020v72n2a300719 Article A300719 4 / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 72 (2) / 2020 of radiometric elements for dating. We are cur- 3. Results rently testing detrital zircons and studying the biostratigraphy. 3.1. SYSTEMATIC PALEOBOTANY 2.2 ACCESSION DATA, SPECIMEN PREPARATION,
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