DOCSLIB.ORG

Design of Grey Water Treatment Units

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Design of Grey Water Treatment Units International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | May-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Design of Grey Water Treatment Units M.Seenirajan1, S.Sasikumar2, Erlin Antony3 1,2Asssociate Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Excel Engineering College, Komarapalayam , 3PG Environmental Engineering Student Excel Engineering College, Komarapalayam -----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: One way to conserve water is to find a safe way area is concentrated in a region such as flats, apartments to use it more than once. Grey water recycling is now or residential colonies, it is easy to collect the domestic accepted as sustainable solution to the general increase of waste water and to treat this for re-use. Meeting different the fresh water demand. Grey water refers to water that has needs with appropriate water quality may prove to be already been used in some way but which can be reused or economically more beneficial and at the same time reduce recycled in order to conserve fresh water. It is considered the needs for new supplies at a high margin (Halalsheh, relatively simple to treat grey water to make it safe for 2008). As per new building rules also, it is strict that each public use because of lower levels of contaminants. apartment should have a waste water treatment so that the water expelled to municipal waste after treatment In this paper we have taken into consideration the system can be reduced. So it will be reliable as well as possibilities of treating the grey water from our college sustainable technique to treat the domestic wastewater canteen and ladies hostel of the college. The process of and to reuse it for non potable purposes. In this chapter implementation included collection of waste water, sources, characteristics and various treatment methods of excluding black water, from college canteen and ladies grey water are discussed. hostel of the college. Various treatment units like storage tank, screen chamber, skimming tank, sedimentation tank, 1.1 GREY WATER COMPOSITION trickling filter, secondary clarifier and chlorination tank Grey water is the waste water generated in the bath were designed. room, laundry and kitchen. Grey water is therefore the component of domestic waste water, which has not This study highlights the conservation of fresh water in originated from the toilet or urinal. the campus, taking into consideration the increase in Grey water from bathrooms demand for fresh water. A partial break down of wastage of fresh water is expected to be accomplished through this Water used in hand washing and bathing generates paper around 50-60% of total grey water and is considered to be the least contaminated type of grey water. Common chemical contaminants include soap, shampoo, hair dye, Key words: Grey water, fresh water and black water toothpaste and cleaning products. It also has some faecal 1. INTRODUCTION contamination (and the associated bacteria and viruses) through body washing. Water pollution in many developing regions causes serious problems. The increase in population and Grey water from cloth washing the improvement of people’s daily life in these areas result Water used in cloth washing generates around 25- not only in an increase in volume of waste water, but also 35% of total grey water. Waste water from cloth washing in a change of waste water composition. Water varies in quality from wash water to rinse water to second conservation and reuse are becoming increasingly rinse water. Grey water generated due to cloth washing important as we now face serious problem including can have faecal contamination with the associated reduced ground water and surface water levels, droughts pathogens and parasites such as bacteria. and changing climatic pattern. Over 50% of the water demand from domestic and industrial applications could Grey water from kitchen be met by water of lower quality than fully treated water Kitchen grey water contributes about 10% of the including applications such as process water, toilet total grey water in volume. It is contaminated with food flushing etc. Substituting the quality water for non potable particles, oils, fats and other wastes. It readily promotes purposes to preserve high quality water resources is and supports the growth of micro-organisms. Kitchen grey highly efficient and practical, especially in arid region and water also contains chemical pollutants such as detergents developing countries. In most of cities since the housing © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4243 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | May-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 and cleaning agents which are alkaline in nature and 2.1 Physical Characteristics of Grey Water contains various chemicals. Therefore kitchen waste water may not be well suited for reuse in all types of grey water Temperature systems. Grey water makes up to about 60-70% of Grey water temperature is often higher than that of domestic waste water volume. In terms of basic water the water supply and varies within a range of 18-30ºC. quality parameters, it is considered to be comparable to These rather high temperatures are attributed to the use low or medium grade waste water. As compared to of warm water for personal hygiene and discharge of domestic waste water, grey water tends to contain fewer cooking water. These temperatures are not critical for solids and is less turbid than all domestic waste water. The biological treatment processes (aerobic and anaerobic concentration of organics is somewhat similar to domestic digestion occurs within a range o 15-50ºC, with an optimal waste water. Their chemical nature is quite different. range of 25-35ºC). On the other hand, higher temperatures Soaps and detergents are often alkaline, so the pH of grey can cause increased bacterial growth and decreased CaCOз water is normally within the range of 6-8. Unlike waste solubility, causing precipitation in storage tanks or piping waters that contain higher concentrations of N, P and K, systems. only minor qualities of nutrients have been detected in grey water samples. Grey water composition varies widely Suspended solids from house hold, depending on personal habits of the Food, oil and soil particles from kitchen sinks, or residents and the products used in home. hair and fibres from laundry can lead to higher solids 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF GREY WATER content in grey water. These particles and colloids can cause turbidity in the water and may even result in The characteristics of domestic grey water are physical clogging of pipes, pumps and filter used in influenced by several factors, primary influences are treatment processes. Especially non-biodegradable fibres plumbing fixtures and appliances present as well as their from clothing (polyester, nylon, and polyethylene), frequency of use. Additionally the characteristics of powdered detergents and soaps, as well as colloids are the residing family in terms of number of family members, age main reasons of physical clogging. Suspended solids levels and mobility are important as in the overall socio concentrations in grey water range from 50-300 mg/L, but economic status of the family. Grey water contain can be as high as 1500mg/L. The highest concentrations of considerable amount of BOD, COD, turbidity, chlorides and suspended solids are typically found in kitchen and suspended solids. Biological oxygen demand of grey water laundry grey water. Suspended solids concentrations equals or may exceed that of black water. This is primarily strongly depend on the amount of water used. because of food waste and grease from the kitchen waste. Observations in Nepal, Malaysia, Israel, Vietnam and the Due to kitchen sink lows, total suspended solids may equal united states revealed average suspended solids loads of to those found in toilet water and will far exceed toilet 10-30 g/p/d, contributing to 25-30% of the total daily flows when garbage disposal is used. Grey water also suspended solids loads in domestic waste water, including contains a mixture of chemicals used in a variety of toilet waste water (Ledin et al., 2001). household products resulting in a complex chemical composition. The addition of household chemicals can also 2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Grey water change the bulk chemical characteristics of the water such The chemical parameters of relevance are hydro as pH, suspended solids, biological oxygen demand and chemical parameters such as pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity. Grey water comprises about 60% of typical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), biological and household waste water flow. The physical, chemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD, COD), nutrient microbial characteristics of grey water vary based upon content(nitrogen, phosphorus), and problematic the sources connected to the collection system, household substances such as heavy metals, disinfectants, bleach, composition as well as household chemical usage of the surfactants or organic pollutants in detergents. Certain residents (Eriksson et al., 2002). According to different studies reported the presence of personal care products, studies, grey water makes up on average more than half of medicines, hazardous organic pollutants etc in grey water the BOD load, up to two thirds of the total phosphorous (Erikson et al., 2002). load (where phosphate containing detergents are used) and one fourth of the total suspended solids load. This pH and alkalinity clearly reveals the importance of including grey water in The pH indicates whether a liquid is acidic or basic. For sanitation programmes. Focusing only on black water will easier treatment and to avoid negative impacts on soil and not meet the objective of providing adequate sanitation plants when reused, grey water should show a pH in the and reducing public health risks and environmental range of 6.5 - 8.4. The pH value of grey water, which degradation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grey Water Reuse for Agricultural Purposes in the Jordan Valley: Household Survey Results in Deir Alla
    Water 2012, 4, 580-596; doi:10.3390/w4030580 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Article Grey Water Reuse for Agricultural Purposes in the Jordan Valley: Household Survey Results in Deir Alla Othman A. Al-Mashaqbeh 1,*, Ayoup M. Ghrair 1 and Sharon B. Megdal 2 1 Royal Scientific Society, Knowledge, Amman-al Jubaiha 11941, Jordan; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; E-Mail:[email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +962-6-5344701; Fax: +962-6-5344806. Received: 19 June 2012; in revised form: 19 July 2012 / Accepted: 20 July 2012 / Published: 6 August 2012 Abstract: Installation of decentralized grey water treatment systems in small rural communities contributes to a more sustainable water supply. In order to gauge community attitudes about collection and use of grey water, a door-to-door survey in the farming community of Deir Alla, Jordan was conducted by Royal Scientific Society interviewers. Outcomes of a detailed survey, designed specifically for this project, offer insights on people’s views on general water and wastewater issues, as well as their motivation, practices and concerns related to using grey water treatment for a portion of their household wastewater and reuse of the treated grey water for irrigation. A total of 47 respondents from different socio-economic background, aged over 18 years, from this community in the Jordan valley took part in the survey. The level of formal education of the respondents was low, and most of households’ incomes were below the poverty line in Jordan.
    [Show full text]
  • Reuse of Domestic Greywater for the Irrigation of Food Crops
    Reuse of Domestic Greywater for the Irrigation of Food Crops Sara Finley Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University August 2008 Thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Science degree © Sara Finley, 2008 I Abstract As global water resources decline, reuse of domestic greywater for the irrigation of home gardens is quickly becoming widespread in many parts of the world. However, the sanitary implications of reusing greywater to water edible crops remain uncertain. This study examined the benefits and risks associated with domestic greywater reuse for the purposes of vegetable garden irrigation. Untreated (settled only) and treated (settling and slow sand filtration) greywater collected from a family home was analyzed for basic water quality parameters, over a period of eight weeks. During that time, both greywaters were used to irrigate individually potted plots of lettuce, carrots and peppers in a greenhouse. Tap water was used as control. Upon maturity, plants were harvested and the edible portions tested for fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, common indicators for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Heavy metals were not detected in the greywater, but both fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were present in high levels, averaging 4 x 10 5/100mL and 2 x 10 3/100mL of greywater, respectively. Despite these high counts, no significant difference in contamination levels was observed between crops irrigated with tap water, untreated and treated greywaters. Fecal coliform levels were highest in carrots and fecal streptococcus levels highest on lettuce leaves. However, contamination levels for all crops were low and do not represent a significant health risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Grey Water Systems
    Wednesday Water Workshops Grey Water Systems Grey Water Systems • Drought & Mandatory Water Waste Restrictions • Greg Mahoney, City of Davis Chief Building Official • EcoAssistant—Leslie Crenna & Chrissy Backman • Grow Water—Rodger Sargent & Chris Lopez • Nexus eWater—Bob Hitchner • Questions California Drought • September 2: City Council calls Stage 3 water shortage, enacts water restrictions • Water Board Emergency regulations: 28% reduction – June 2015—February 2016 compared to 2013 • June 2015: 32% reduction Mandatory Water Waste Restrictions • Outdoor watering only 3 days a week* – Odd numbered addresses: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday – Even numbered addresses: Wednesday, Friday and Sunday – No outdoor watering on Monday • No watering between 9am –6pm* – Hose with a shut off nozzle OK – Handheld container OK • No watering during and within 48 hours of rain *properly operating drip and soaker hoses are exempt Mandatory Water Waste Restrictions • No excessive water flow or runoff onto pavement, gutters or ditches from irrigation • No washing off paved surfaces unless necessary for sanitation or safety – Hand held bucket – Hose with shut‐off nozzle – Cleaning machine that recycles water – Low volume/high pressure water broom • Property owners must fix leaks immediately or within 72 hours of notification by the City. • Fountains and water features must have recirculating water Wednesday Water Workshops The City of Davis is hosting a series of water conservation workshops that will be held at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesday evenings at the Veteran’s Memorial Center in the Game Room. Each workshop will feature local subject matter experts. May 6: Rain Water Retention May 20: Lawn Conversion June 10: Irrigation Systems, Controllers & Watering Schedules June 24: Plant Selection & Drought Tolerant Landscaping July 15: Grey Water Systems July 29: Large Scale Impacts of Drought August 5: Taking Care of Trees in a Drought The City of Davis does not recommend, sponsor or otherwise promote any of the businesses that participate in these workshops.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix-I-Water-Constituents
    Appendix I. Soil and Greywater Constituents of Interest1 This section briefly discusses the constituents in greywater that could harm plants and soil. We list the recommended levels of the constituent, and the potential damages a plant can incur from the constituent. Readers generally familiar with soil and plants sciences may skip to the next section without loss of continuity. Soil pH: Soil pH measures the soil's acidity and affects the availability of plant nutrients, microbial processes, and plant growth. Most plants grow best in a soil pH of between 6 and 7, and the majority do best in the middle of this range. Soluble salts: Excessively high salinity (measured in soil as soluble salts) can negatively affect plants in two ways. First, plants can be harmed by toxicity of a particular ion, like sodium. Second, the salts can cause water stress by interfering with a plant’s ability to absorb water. Horticultural plants have a range of tolerances to soluble salts. The level of salts in the soil considered “generally safe” for most plants is less than 2.0 millimhos per centimetre (mmhos/cm). Levels between 2.0 and 4.0 mmhos/cm are considered a “slight to moderate risk”, depending on the salt tolerance levels of the plants. Anything above 4 mmhos/cm is a “severe” risk to most plants. Boron: Boron is essential for plant growth at very low concentrations. However, it quickly becomes toxic if present in higher concentrations. Boron toxicity symptoms manifest first as stunted growth, and then necrosis on margins of older leaves. Generally safe levels of boron in soil are between 0.1 and 1 ppm, with between 1-5ppm in the “slight to moderate” risk range.
    [Show full text]
  • Residential Greywater Irrigation Systems in California
    DRAFT: Residential Greywater Irrigation Systems in California. Greywater Action Residential Greywater Irrigation Systems in California: An Evaluation of Soil and Water Quality, User Satisfaction, and Installation Costs Greywater Action in collaboration with City of Santa Rosa and Ecology Action of Santa Cruz 1 Residential Greywater Irrigation Systems in California: An Evaluation of Soil and Water Quality, User Satisfaction, and Installation Costs November, 2012, revised September 2013 Authors: Laura Allen*1 (Greywater Action) Sherry Bryan (Ecology Action of Santa Cruz) Cleo Woelfle-Erskine (Greywater Action) Contributors: Neeraja Havaligi (PhD Candidate, Akamai University, USA; Climate Change Adaptation Expert at UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre Expert Roster) Susie Murray (Utilities Department, City of Santa Rosa) Greywater Action www.greywateraction.org A project of the Ecology Center 2530 San Pablo Avenue Berkeley, CA 94702 Comments: Please send questions, comments and suggestions to Laura Allen ([email protected]). Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution- Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. 1 *Corresponding author. Email [email protected] Acknowledgments We thank the following people for their technical support, time, and expertise on this study including, Rachel Abramson (City of Santa Rosa), Nik Bertulis (DIG Cooperative), Christina Bertea (Greywater Action), Zachary Burt (UC Berkeley), the Ecology Center, Mike Galloway (Soil Control Laboratory), Richard Harris (EBMUD), Tara Hui (Greywater Action), Natalie Kilmer, Cliff Low (Perry Laboratory), Kara Nelson (UC Berkeley), Walter Norosky (City of Santa Rosa), Ann Northrup (Merritt College Horticulture Department), Stephen Norwick (Sonoma State University), Sharada Prasad (UC Berkeley), Peter Ralph (UC Davis), Isha Ray (UC Berkeley), Kristine Tjung (UC Berkeley), and Gwendolyn von Klan (UC Berkeley). We also thank all the greywater system owners for participating in the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson B1 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SANITATION
    EMW ATER E -LEARNING COURSE PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION LESSON A1: C HARACTERISTIC , A NALYTIC AND SAMPLING OF WASTEWATER Lesson B1 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SANITATION Authors: Holger Gulyas Deepak Raj Gajurel Ralf Otterpohl Institute of Wastewater Management Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg, Germany Revised by Dr. Yavuz Özoguz data-quest Suchi & Berg GmbH Keywords Anaerobic digestion, Bio-gas, Black water, Brown water, Composting/Vermicomposting, Composting/dehydrating toilet, Ecological sanitation, Grey water, Rottebehaelter, Sorting toilet, Vacuum toilet, Yellow water, EMW ATER E -LEARNING COURSE PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION LESSON A1: C HARACTERISTIC , A NALYTIC AND SAMPLING OF WASTEWATER Table of content 1. Material flows in domestic wastewater....................................................................4 1.1 Different sources..................................................................................................4 1.2 Characteristics of different streams...................................................................4 1.3 Yellow water as fertilizer .....................................................................................6 1.4 Brown water as soil conditioner.........................................................................8 2. Conventional sanitation systems and their limitations..........................................9 3. Conventional decentralised sanitation systems – benefits and limitations.......12 4. Resource Management Sanitation .........................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • State of Georgia, Gray Water Recycling System Guidelines
    Georgia Gray Water Recycling Systems Guidelines In accordance with Appendix C ‘Gray Water Recycling Systems’ of the 2009 amendments to the 2006 International Plumbing Code 2009 1 Georgia Gray Water Recycling Systems Guidelines PREFACE The Georgia Gray Water Recycling Systems Guidelines are intended to assist all parties involved in the design, construction, inspection and maintenance of gray water recycle systems and to help successfully comply with Appendix C-‘Gray Water Recycling Systems’ of the 2009 Georgia Amendments to the 2006 International Plumbing Code (IPC). The parties mentioned above include owners, building officials, design professionals and contractors. This consensus document is the product of the parties listed below: Guideline Committee Members: Frances Carpenter, Chairperson Bill Guinade Max Rietschier Marvin Richards Bill Morris Tom Carty Ernest U. Earn Bob Freeman David Freedman Philip T. McCreanor, Ph.D Randy Starr Eddie Van Giesen Chris Kumnick Shawn Hatley Ryan Meres Frank Henning Gregory Jeffers Nicole Nichols The Guidelines Committee wishes to take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to Chris Kumnick and those individuals who donated their time and effort to the development and production of this document. Disclaimer and Notice: While the information presented in these guidelines is believed to be correct, the parties involved assume no responsibility for its accuracy or for the opinions expressed herein. The material presented in this publication is not considered “Code” and should only be used for reference and guidance in complying with the requirements of Appendix C ‘Gray Water Recycling Systems.’ All gray water recycling systems shall comply with the Georgia State Minimum Standard 2 Plumbing Code (2006 IPC with Georgia Amendments) and all other applicable State Minimum Standard Codes for construction.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolving Roles of Blue, Green, and Gray Water in Agriculture
    , Issue 165 December 2018 Evolving Roles of Blue, Green, and Gray Water in Agriculture A publication of the Universities Council on Water Resources with support from Southern Illinois University Carbondale JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY WATER RESEARCH & EDUCATION Universities Council on Water Resources 1231 Lincoln Drive, Mail Code 4526 Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 Telephone: (618) 536-7571 www.ucowr.org CO-EDITORS Karl W.J. Williard Jackie F. Crim Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Carbondale, Illinois 62901 [email protected] [email protected] ISSUE EDITORS Paula L.S. Rees Marie-Françoise Hatte Assistant Dean for Diversity Interim Director College of Engineering Water Resources Research Center University of Massachusetts University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 Amherst, MA 01003 [email protected] [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS Kofi Akamani Natalie Carroll Prem B. Parajuli Policy and Human Dimensions Education Engineering and Modeling Southern Illinois University Purdue University Mississippi State University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] M.S. Srinivasan Kevin Wagner Jonathan Yoder Hydrology Water Quality and Watershed Management Natural Resource Economics National Institute of Water and Texas A&M University Washington State University Atmospheric Research, New Zealand [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] TECHNICAL EDITORS Elaine Groninger Shelly Williard Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Carbondale, Illinois 62901 [email protected] [email protected] ISSN 1936-7031 Cover photo: Irrigation, Credit: Doug Parker Back cover photo: Summertime in Snowbird, Credit: Snowbird Inside back cover photo: Aerial Tram, Credit: Snowbird Subscription Information: The Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education is published by the Universities Council on Water Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Greywater Use for Toilet Flushing in San Francisco
    Hatano, Liu 1 Ryan Hatano and Ronald Liu ESM 121: Water Management Professor Sam. Solis June 4, 2015 Analysis of greywater use for toilet flushing in San Francisco University of California, Davis Hatano, Liu 2 Abstract As human population continues to grow rapidly, demand for water quantity and quality is experienced worldwide. Recent technology has explored the idea of utilizing graywater as opposed to the low flush toilets in common households. Our objective is to determine if the cost-benefit-analysis proves that upgrading to toilets utilizing graywater will reduce money and water consumption. We expect our results to demonstrate significant water and cost savings when comparing the low flush toilet to toilets utilizing graywater. Graywater is defined as wastewater created from human-induced activities such as showering, bathing, washing dishes, etc. The interesting aspect of using graywater for toilet flushing is due to it containing a minimal amount of human waste. Toilets water is purely mechanical in nature, as the water physically moves waste through the sewer. As such, this water does not need to be clean. Graywater toilets use water from showering or dish washing for flushing. Currently, low flush toilets use 1.8 gallons of pure water per flush. A typical efficient home could generate about 25,000 gallons of graywater per year. This equates to at least 15,000 flushes per year or 4,250 “free” flushes per person in a household of four. This paper investigates the monetary saving of switching to graywater for the entire city of San Francisco. The water savings of every household switching to a graywater toilet are compared to the costs of implementing such a plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Rainwater Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse (PDF)
    Rainwater Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse (CMHC Canada Mortgage and Housing Cor ... Page 1 of 4 Technical series 03-100 Rainwater Harvesting and Grey Water Reuse Introduction Many countries, including some regions in Canada, have a limited amount of water that can be economically delivered to residences as potable water. Limiting factors may be regional, seasonal, remote or urban. They may also relate to the ambient quality of available water and the technology available to treat the water. To help meet water demand, rainwater harvesting and grey water practices are commonly used in several European countries, as well as some others, whereas they are less frequently employed in North America and effectively prohibited by regulation or custom. To better understand current practices in North America and elsewhere, the Canadian Water and Wastewater Association (CWWA), on behalf of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), undertook to review practices involving water reuse in residential and other buildings. This included looking at regulations and standards governing non-potable water. Methodology CWWA distributed a questionnaire to all Canadian provincial and territorial drinking water and plumbing regulators, to the same regulators in all U.S. state and federal jurisdictions and to a wide range of CWWA contacts in other countries. The Association received a total of 48 responses: 6 from Canadian jurisdictions; 8 from U.S. jurisdictions; and 34 from other contacts. Responses came from regulatory bodies, water utilities and water districts. CWWA also researched information using Internet; met with several European suppliers of harvesting equipment and town engineers in Belgium, where harvesting is required by state law; and spoke with officials of France’s Ministry of Health.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Guide to Class 2 Sewage Treatment Systems (Leaching Pit)
    A Practical guide to class 2 sewage system (leaching pit) A Practical Guide to Class 2 Sewage Treatment Systems (Leaching Pit) Access Hatch Swale to take away drainage 150 mm (6”) Inlet Open jointed 500 mm material (24”) Impermeable 900 mm (3’) soil High Groundwater Table/Bedrock Revised: March 17, 2016 TBDHU.COM Leaching Pits Class 2 Sewage Treatment and Dispersal Systems Leaching pits are used to treat and disperse grey water sewage only. They are not to be used to dispose of toilet water. Grey water sewage comes from plumbing fixtures like sinks, showers or laundry machines. Because they treat and disperse sewage, they must be inspected an approved under the Ontario Building Code by the Thunder Bay District Health Unit. This method of waste water treatment and dispersal is only recommended if there is no pressurized water supply and the daily volume of grey water is small. Under the Ontario Building Code, a leaching pit can only be used if the daily flow of grey water is less than 1000 litres per day. Location Minimum distances must be followed - 15m (50 feet) from any lake, pond, river, stream or any other water course - 15m (50 feet) from any dug well, sand point well, spring or other source of potable water These distances are minimums and may have to be increased if the soil conditions are not ideal. The area should be elevated and well drained. Low laying areas are subject to excessive run off which will overload the pit and saturate the soils. This could result in poor treatment and increases the possibility of ground water contamination.
    [Show full text]
  • Greywater Filtration Systems for a Sustainable Water Culture
    Greywater Filtration systems For a sustainable water culture Dr. Ayoup M. Ghrair 20.11.2011- Amman Clean Technology applications in Energy, water and environment workshop Our Research Team DEFINITIONS Greywater is the wastewater collected from household activities except toilet wastewater or except toilet & kitchen wastewater Greywater Treatment Systems: These are systems used to treat domestic greywater in order to be suitable for restricted irrigation of home gardens. (treated to a standard satisfactory for intended reuse). Restricted irrigation: is irrigation of all types of crops with treated greywater except vegetables and plants including edible parts that can get in direct contact with irrigation water wither these parts are eaten raw or cooked. Introduction and back ground: • Jordan is located in an arid to semi arid area and is one of the top water scarce countries in the world. • Grey water represents 50-70 % of the domestic wastewater (grey water is a sustainable source of water ). • Agriculture is the major consumer of water in Jordan, where about 64% of water demand goes for agricultural uses. • Improvement of grey water and utilize it for agricultural application rationally are essentials. Grey water filtration systems can help you save 35% to 40% on your annual water bill, and while saving money, you will also help save the environment and provide a better future for our children. "UNESCO has predicted that by 2020 water shortage will be a serious worldwide problem.” The Grey Water Recycling System is a must for anyone who cares about the environment to replenish the water shortage and reduces environmental pollution as well as waste water production.
    [Show full text]