Sorghums and Millets Information Center (Smic)

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SORGHUMS AND MILLETS INFORMATION CENTER (SMIC)

PROVISIONAL THESAURUS OF SORGHUM AND MILLET TERMINOLOGY

DONALD LEATHERDALE International Development Research Centre Ottawa, Canada

1978

INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS (ICRISAT) 1-11-256 Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016 {AP), India THESAURUS OF SORGHUM AND MILLET TERMINOLOGY

CONTENTS

Page Foreword (not in provisional edition} Introduction iii Section l Categorized and systematic presentation l A Sorghums, millets and related crops 3 B Botany 8 C Breeding and genetics 14 D Agronomy and cultivation 19 E Field and storage pests (including diseases} 30 F Products 40 G Utilization 45 H Economics 50

J Research and development 52 Section 2 Alphabetical presentation 53 References 303 -iii-

INTRODUCTION

The Sorghums and Millets Information Center (SMIC) is the third specialized centre, concerned with the collection and dissemination of information on a crop or a related group of crops, to have been established within the programs supported by the Con sultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) As with the Cassava Information Center, operating at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, and the International Grain Legume Information Centre, based at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, one of the prime obJectives of SMIC is the organization of the world-wide literature relating to its interests, which in this case are pearl millet and sorghums It is by no means sufficient to collect together in one library this scattered documentation it has to be made known and accessible to the world's researchers on these crops An essential step in the organization of such an information analysis and re trieval system is to decide upon the terms that will be used to describe the subJect content of the literature, and experience at CIAT and IITA has shown that this is well accomplished by using a controlled and structured vocabulary - a thesaurus - designed for its particular task A thesaurus of this type is used at both ends, so to speak, of the operation it is used by the indexer as a source of potential terms to be assigned to a document, and it is used at retrieval to lead the enquirer or information specialist not only to the specific terms of the query but to other terms that may be very relevant to the user's immediate interest Although SMIC's field of activity is at present limited to the sorghums and to pearl millet, I have taken a broader view of the millets in this thesaurus and included the cultivated millets in general and forage grasses that are phylogenetically close to them The intention is to makp the vocabulary ultimately useful to a wider spectrum of users, in much the same way as the Thesaurus on trop~caZ gra~n and forage legumes (Leatherdale, in press) (see References, page 303) covers a greater range of leguminous crops than was initially needed by IITA -iv-

The taxonomy and nomenclature of cultivated plants are subJects for perennial argument They are particularly contentious when one is dealing with those crops, such as the sorghums and millets, that have been in cultivation for hundreds or even thousands of years, and the problem has been well expressed by J R Harlan (1970)

"The conspicuous and exuberant variation in cultivated plants and their relatives has raised taxonomic problems that have never been solved nor adequately treated The methods of classical taxonomy seem to fail altogether and inevitably result in the establishment of dozens of epithets for races that are fully compatible when crossed One example among many is Snowden's treatment of Sorghum in which he naMed 52 species among the cultivated sorghums alone All of these 'species' are fully compatible when hybridized with one another 11

I hold that it would be of little service to the user of a thesaurus if he were to be misguided in this respect, and I have accordingly continued to follow a compromise path that has the merit of having been found workable Plants that are used in their wild state or have otherwise undergone no intentional genetic improvement are des cribed by their scientific names, common names for them are treated as synonyms On the other hand, those plants that have long been cultivated, and may therefore be assumed or known to have been im proved, may be indexed either under the scientific name or under a selected and therefore 'authorized' common name, the two terms being related to each other in the thesauric sense and not treated as synonyms In general, it will be found advantageous to index germplasm sources under the scientific name and crop information under the common name This thesaurus is presented in two sections In Section 1 Categorized and systematic presentation (pp 1 - 52), the total vocabulary is divided among nine subject headings and these give an indication of the subJect scope of the system This presentation is intended to give a broad view of the subJect, and may be helpful in indicating the location of a certain subJect area, but in general this section is a less effective tool than Section 2 for indexing or retri eva 1 -v-

The thesauric unit is the term, keyword or descriptor In Section 1, maJor or top descriptors appear to the left-hand side of the page and narrower or contained descriptors are listed below them and preceded by a hyphen (-) No detail is given in this section, except to show respective related terms, which are preceded by an asterisk (*) The following example indicates the term structures of Section 1

B BOTANY

PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES * GROWTH * HERBICIDES E - ABSCISINS

~ AUXINS * SYNTHETIC AUXINS E - INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID - GIBBERELLINS

Here, PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES is a maJor descriptor in category B (Botany) it has no broader or more generic term GROWTH and HERBICIDES are descriptors related to PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES (Related terms by and large fall within the same category as the descriptor to which they are related, but, when they do not, they are followed by a letter indicating the category to which they have been assigned ) ABSCISINS, AUXINS and GIBBERELLINS are narrower or more specific terms of PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES, and INDOLE-3- ACETIC ACID is a narrower term of AUXINS SYNTHETIC AUXINS is a descriptor related to AUXINS Section 2 Alphabetical presentation (pp 53-302) is the more important part of the thesaurus, for it displays the full array of relationships connected with each descriptor The descriptors, in upper case (capitals), and non-descriptors, in upper and lower case (small type), are given in a single alphabetical sequence The sequence is word-by-word, rather than letter-by-letter, with hyphens considered as spaces Words within parentheses and numerals are ignored unless they represent the only difference -vi-

between sequential entries Thus Plant diseases PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES Plant viruses PLANTAINS PLANTATIONS PLANTING (PLANTS) Pl anting (seed) PLANTS PLASTIDS

The usual thesauric conventions have been applied, with Broader Term, Narrower Term and Related Term indicated by BT, NT and RT, respectively The use of RT is equivalent in search terms to the instruction "See also" A descriptor is usually sufficiently defined by its term relationships, which place it semantically, but some descriptors and, exceptionally, non-descriptors are accompanied by a Scope Note (SN) when it has been felt that explanation or limitation was required in the context of this thesaurus The synonyms, quasi-synonyms or pseudo-synonyms that a descriptor re places in the system are indicated by UF C'Use for"), and the reciprocal statement USE is employed only with the non-descriptors A letter after each descriptor shows the category or categories in which the term is to be found in Section l The use of these symbols may better be understood by examining two examples a) MY COSES E Descriptor/Category letter SN Includes pathogens ~cope J!ote UF DISEASES (FUNGAL) FUNGAL DISEASES Use For these synonyms PLANT PATHOGENS } - (non-descriptors) BT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS } Broader Terms, more generic DISEASES AND PATHOGENS - than MYCOSES NT ASCOCHYTA SORGHINA DOWNY MILDEWS ERGOT Narrower Terms, more specific MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI - than MYCOSES RUSTS SPHACELIA SORGHI RT DETERIORATION FUNGI } Related Terms to MYCOSES -vii-

b) Fungal diseases Non-descriptor (synonym) USE MYCOSES USE this descriptor

In order to make the system more manageable, certain chains of hierarchical descriptors have been restricted The descriptors concerned are BACTERIOSES, MYCOSES, VIROSES, INJURIOUS INSECTS, INJURIOUS MITES, NEMATODES, WEEDS, FUNGICIDES, INSECTICIDES, ACARICIDES, NEMATICIDES and HERBICIDES, all of which occur in Category E, Field and storage pests (including diseases) If we were to include, for example, all the known fungal diseases of sorghum under MYCOSES, or all the known chemicals used to control them under FUNGICIDES, we would compile lists of formidable length There are workers who require that sort of information, so a compromise has been reached A tentative compilation of the most important organisms or pesticides has been given as narrower terms of the appropriate descriptors, and experience will tell what modification may be required For those users of this thesaurus whose detailed needs require the fuller treatment, it is recommended that they augment the present vocabulary with their complete listings The descriptors in the thesaurus reflect a considerable degree of pre-coordination, thus providing a higher degree of specificity for retrieval They are presented in natural word order, although often there may be a cross-reference from the in verted word order as an aid to indexers and others Physiology (animal) USE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology (human) USE HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Physiology (plant) USE PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

A thesaurus or other type of controlled vocabulary is an authority list of terms for use with a particular information system or network That list of terms will not remain static there will inevitably be additions to it as science and fashion change, deletions from it, and other changes The present issue is a provisional one, a list to be tested by use, and the Sorghums and ~illets Information Center at ICRISAT will welcome suggestions and comments that may be used to improve future editions -viii-

I am indebted to many people who have shared their specialized knowledge with me and thus greatly contributed to the compilation of this thesaurus Some of them, authors of some of the works I have cited, have done so unknowingly, others have been more aware of the fact, and have gone out of their way to provide me with answers to my questions The staff of ICRISAT responded with encouraging zeal, and I would like to take this opportunity of thanking Ors D J Andrews, J C Davies, J K Kanwar, B A Krantz, S V R Shetty, L J G van der Maesen and R J Williams, and particularly T C Jain whose arrangements and welcome I much appreciated My especial thanks go also to Hugh Doggett and Vangie Laing for their authoritative advice Grateful acknowledgement is made to Sir Otto Frankel and the Publications Committee of the International Biological Programme for permission to quote J R Harlan 1 s passage from IBP Handbook No 11, Genet~a resources ~n pZants For her patience and accuracy in typing from such a daunting draft, I am most grateful to Elizabeth Murray -1-

SECTION 1

CATEGORIZED AND SYSTEMATIC PRESENTATION -2- -3-

A SORGHUMS, MILLETS AND RELATED CROPS

PLANT GEOGRAPHY * ECOLOGY B * HISTORY - CENTRE OF ORIGIN

HISTORY * PLANT GEOGRAPHY * TRADITIONS G

PLANT EXPLORATION * PLANT INTRODUCTION C

TAXONOMY * NOMENCLATURE * !DENT! FI CATION - CHEMOTAXONOMY - NUMERICAL TAXONOMY

GRAMINEAE * CEREALS * GRASSES - GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE - SORGHUM - SORGHUM ALMUM * COLUMBUS GRASS - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM AETHIOPICUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ARUNDINACEUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM BREVICARINATUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM CASTANEUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ELLIOT!! - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM HEWISONII - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM LANCEOLATUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM MACROCHAETA - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM NILOTICUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PANICOIDES - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PUGIONIFOLIUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SOMALIENSE - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SUDANENSE * SUDAN GRASS - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM USAMBARENSE -4-

(GRAMINEAE) - (GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE) - (SORGHUM) - (SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM) - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VERTICILLIFLORUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VIRGATUM - SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VOGELIANUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR * CULTIVATED SORGHUMS - SORGHUM BICOLOR ANKOLIB - SORGHUM BICOLOR ATERRIMUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR BASUTORUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR BICOLOR * SORGHUM SACCHARATUM * SUGARY SORGHUMS - SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM * HEGARI * KAFIRS - SORGHUM BICOLOR CAUDATUM * FETERITAS - SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR CONSPICUUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR CORIACEUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA * BROOM CORN - SORGHUM BICOLOR DRUM~ONDII * CHICKEN CORN - SORGHUM BICOLOR DULCICAULE - SORGHUM BICOLOR DURRA * DURRAS - SORGHUM BICOLOR ELEGANS - SORGHUM BICOLOR EXSERTUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR GAMBICUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR GUINEENSE * GUINEA CORN - SORGHUM BICOLOR MARGARITIFERUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR MELALEUCUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR MELLITUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR MEMBRANACEUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR MILIIFORME - SORGHUM BICOLOR NERVOSUM * KAOLIANGS - SORGHUM BICOLOR NIGRICANS - SORGHUM BICOLOR NITENS - SORGHUM BICOLOR NOTABILE - SORGHUM BICOLOR RIGIDUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR ROXBURGH!! * SHALLU - SORGHUM BICOLOR SIMULANS - SORGHUM BICOLOR SPLENDIDUM - SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBGLABRESCENS * MILOS -5-

( GRAMINEAE) - (GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE) - (SORGHUM) - SORGHUM HALEPENSE - SORGHUM HALEPENSE CONTROVERSUM - SORGHUM HALEPENSE HALEPENSE * JOHNSON GRASS - SORGHUM HALEPENSE MILIACEUM - SORGHUM PROPINQUUM - GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE - ELEUSINE - ELEUSINE CORACANA * FINGER MILLET - ERAGROSTIS - ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA * TEFF - GRAMINEAE-MAYDEAE - COIX - COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI - GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE - BRACHIARIA - BRACHIARIA RAMOSA * BROWN TOP MILLET - DIGITARIA - DIGITARIA EXILIS - ECH INOCHLOA - ECHINOCHLOA COLONA * SHAMA MILLET - ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA * JAPANESE MILLET - ECHINOCHLOA PYRAMIDALIS - ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA - PANICUM - PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM * UMBRELLA GRASS - PANICUM ITALICUM * AWA - PANICUM MAXIMUM * GUINEA GRASS - PANICUM MILIACEU~ * COMMON MILLET - PANICUM MILIARE * LITTLE MILLET - PANICUM PURPUREUM * PARA GRASS - PANICUM STAGNINUM - PANICUM TEXANUM - PANICUM VIRGATUM * SWITCH GRASS - PASPALUM - PASPALUM CONJUGATUM * HILO GRASS - PASPALUM DILATATUM * DALLIS GRASS - PASPALUM NOTATUM * BAHIA GRASS - PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM * KODO MILLET - PENNISETUM - PENNISETUM ADOENSE - PENNISETUM CENTROIDES -6-

( GRAMINEAE) - (GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE) - (PENNISETUM) - PENNISETUM CLANDESTINUM * KIKUYU GRASS - PENNISETUM GYMNOTHRIX - PENNISETUM PURPUREUM * NAPIER GRASS - PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES * PEARL MILLET - PENNISETUM UNISETUM * NATAL GRASS - PENNISETUM VERSICOLOR - PENNISETUM VIOLACEA - SETARIA - SETARIA ITALICA * FOXTAIL MILLET

CEREALS * GRAMINEAE - CULTIVATED SORGHUMS * SORGHUM BICOLOR - BROOM CORN * SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA - CAUDATUM - CHICKEN CORN * SORGHUM BICOLOR DRUMMOND!! - DURRAS * SORGHUM BICOLOR DURRA - FETERITAS * SORGHUM BICOLOR CAUDATUM - GUINEA CORN * SORGHUM BICOLOR GUINEENSE - HEGARI * SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM - KAFIRS * SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM - KAOLIANGS * SORGHUM BICOLOR NERVOSUM - MILOS * SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBGLABRESCENS - SHALLU * SORGHUM BICOLOR ROXBURGH!! - SHATTERCANE - SORGO - SUGARY SORGHUMS * SORGHUM SACCHARATUM * SUGARS - GRAIN MILLETS - BROWN TOP MILLET * BRACHIARIA RAMOSA - COMMON MILLET * PANICUM MILIACEUM - FINGER MILLET * ELEUSINE CORACANA - FOXTAIL MILLET * SETARIA ITALICA - JAPANESE MILLET * ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA - KODO MILLET * PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM - LITTLE MILLET * PANICUM MILIARE - PEARL MILLET * PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES - SHAMA MILLET * ECHINOCHLOA COLONA - TEFF * ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA -7-

GRASSES * GRAMINEAE - FEED MILLETS - AWA * PANICUM ITALICUM - BAHIA GRASS * PASPALUM NOTATUM - DALLIS GRASS * PASPALUM DILATATUM - GUINEA GRASS * PANICUM MAXIMUM - HILO GRASS * PASPALUM CONJUGATUM - KIKUYU GRASS * PENNISETUM CLANDESTINUM - NAPIER GRASS * PENNISETUM PURPUREUM - NATAL GRASS * PENNISETUM UNISETUM - PARA GRASS * PANICUM PURPUREUM - SWITCH GRASS * PANICUM VIRGATUM - UMBRELLA GRASS * PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM - FEED SORGHUMS - COLUMBUS GRASS * SORGHUM ALMUM - JOHNSON GRASS * SORGHUM HALEPENSE HALEPENSE - SUDAN GRASS * SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SUDANENSE

MILLETS - FEED MILLETS (see above) - GRAIN MILLETS (see above)

SORGHUMS - CULTIVATED SORGHUMS (see above) - FEED SORGHUMS (see above)

COVER CROPS * LIVE MULCHES D * EROSION D * WEEDING D -8-

B BOTANY

PLANT ANATOMY * PLANT HABIT D - INFLORESCENCES * INFRUTESCENCES - PANICLES - SP I KE LETS - FLORETS - LEMMA - PALEA - STAMENS - JINTHERS * EMASCULATION C - POLLEN * GAMETES C * POLLEN TUBES * POLLINATION - PISTILS - OVARIES * PERICARP - OVULES * GAMETES C - MICROPYLES * POLLEN TUBES - STIGMA * POLLINATION - STYLE - GLUMES - PEDICELS - INFRUTESCENCES * INFLORESCENCES - GRAIN * HEADING * SEEDS - PERICARP * OVARIES - LEAVES * MESOPHYLL * TRANSPIRATION * PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA * PLUMULE * PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM - LEAF AREA INDEX * PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA - STOMATA * EPIDERMIS - ROOTS * PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM * RADICLE * RHIZOSPHERE * ROOTING - TEMPORARY ROOTS - PERMANENT ROOTS - ROOT HAIRS -9-

(PLANT ANATOMY) - STEMS * PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM - I NTERNODES - NODES - GROWTH RINGS - PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM * LEAVES * ROOTS * STEMS * VASCULAR TISSUES * TRANSLOCATION - SEEDS * CARYOPSIS * GRAIN * GERMINATION *SEED D - EMBRYO * SEEDLINGS - PLUMULE * COLEOPTILE - RADICLE * ROOTS - ENDOSPERM - TESTA

PLANT TISSUES - EPIDERMIS * STOMATA - CUTICLE - HAIRS - MERISTEMS * CELL-DIVISION c - VASCULAR TISSUES * PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM - PHLOEM - XYLEM

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY * PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES (see below) * PHENOLOGY - PLANT DEVELOPMENT * DEVELOPMENT STAGES (see below) * SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT D * PHOTOPERIOD D - GROWTH * MORPHOGENESIS * CELL-DIVISION c *PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES - MORPHOGENESIS * DIFFERENTIATION * GROWTH -10-

(PLANT PHYSIOLOGY) - (PLANT DEVELOPMENT) - MATURATION * FLOWERING * HEADING - PLANT REPRODUCTION * PLANT FERTILITY * STERILITY - GENERATIONAL STERILITY - MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY * EMASCULATION C * INCOMPATIBILITY C * BREEDING C * GERMINATION - SELF-FERTILITY * PROPAGATION D - ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION * CLONES C - APOMIXIS - POLLINATION * FERTILISATION * POLLEN * STIGMA * OPEN POLLINATION C * HAND POLLINATION * ISOLATION C * INCOMPATIBILITY C - SELF-POLLINATION * SELF-FERTILITY * SELFING C - FERTILISATION * POLLINATION - SELF-FERTILISATION * SELFS C - CLEISTOGAMY - TROPISMS

PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES * BIOCHEMISTRY * PLANT PHYSIOLOGY * NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS D - PHOTOSYNTHESIS * PLANT ASSIMILATION * PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA * PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS (see below) * METABOLISM - ANABOLISM - CATABOLISM * LIGHT ENERGY D * MESOPHYLL * CHLOROPLASTS C * OXYGEN D - CARBON FIXATION * CARBON DIOXIDE -11-

(PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES) - (PHOTOSYNTHESIS) - PHOTOP~OSPHORYLATION * ADP * ATP - PLANT ASSIMILATION * PHOTOSYNTHESIS * PROTEIN SYNTHESIS F - PLANT RESPIRATION - TRANSLOCATION * PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM * NUTRIENT UPTAKE D * SYSTE~IC PESTICIDES E - TRANSPIRATION * WATER REQUIREMENTS D

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES * PLANT DEVELOPMENT - GERMINATION * PLANT FERTILITY * SEEDS * STRIGOL E - GERMINABILITY * DORMANCY * SEED QUALITY D - EMERGENCE * SEEDLINGS * PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES E - SEEDLINGS * EMBRYO * EMERGENCE * SEEDLING DISEASES E - ROOTING * ROOTS - TILLERING - STEM ELONGATION - BRANCHING - BOOTING - FLOWERING * FLORETS * MATURATION - ANTHESIS - HEADING * MATURATION * GRAIN -12-

(DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES) - RIPENING

PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES * GROWTH * HERBICIDES E - AUXINS * SYNTHETIC AUXINS E - INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID - INDOLE-3-ACETONITRILE - CYTOKININS * CELL-DIVISION c * PROTEIN SYNTHESIS F - KINETIN - ZEATIN - GIBBERELLINS

PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS * PLANT PATHOLOGY E * ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS E * MINERAL DEFICIENCIES G * DISEASES AND PATHOGENS E

ENZYMES * CO-ENZYMES - ADP * PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION - ATP * MITOCHONDRIA C * TRANSFER RNA C * PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION - HYDROGENASE * HYDROGEN - LIPOXYGENASE * OXYGEN D * LIPO-PROTEIN F * PALATABILITY G - MALTASE * MALTOSE F - SUCRASE * SUCROSE F

PLANT PIGMENTS - PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS * PHOTOSYNTHESIS * THYLAKOIDS c -13-

(PLANT PIGMENTS) - (PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS) - CAROTENO IDS - CHLOROPHYLL A - CHLOROPHYLL B ~* CHLOROPHYLL

BIOCHEMISTRY * ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY G * HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY G * PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES * COMPOSITION F * TOXICITY G

ECOLOGY * PHENOLOGY * PLANT PHYSIOLOGY * CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS D * SOIL REQUIREMENTS D * WATER REQUIREMENTS D * PLANT GEOGRAPHY A * PLANT POPULATIONS D * RHIZOSPHERE * NITROGEN FIXATION D * SOIL POPULATIONS D * PESTS E - BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION * BIOLOGICAL CONTROL E * ALLELOPATHY - PARASITISM * PARASITIC INSECTS E * PARASITIC MITES E * PARASITIC PLANTS E -14-

C BREEDING AND GENETICS

CYTOLOGY * CYTOGENETICS * CHROMOSOMES * GENETICS * BREEDING - CELL STRUCTURE *ULTRASTRUCTURE - CELL WALLS * CELLULOSE - NUCLEUS * CELL-DIVISION - CHROMOSOMES * GENES * GENOMES * NUCLEOLUS * DNA * RNA - NUCLEOLUS * CHROMOSOMES - CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES - DICTYOSOMES * GOLGI APPARATUS - ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM * GOLGI APPARATUS * RIBOSOMES - MITOCHONDRIA * ATP B - PLASTIDS - CHROMOPLASTS - CHLOROPLASTS * PHOTOSYNTHESIS B * MESOPHYLL B - GRANA - STROMA - THYLAKOIDS * PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS B - LEUCOPLASTS - VACUOLES - GOLGI APPARATUS * DICTYOSOMES * ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - RIBOSOMES * PROTEINS F * RNA * ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - CELL DIVISION * GROWTH B * NUCLEUS * MERISTEMS B * CYTOKININS B - AMITOSIS - MEIOSIS - MITOSIS -15-

GENETICS * CYTOGENETICS * GENETIC TRANSFORMATION - GENETIC CODE * AMINO ACIDS F * NUCLEOTIDES * MESSENGER RNA * PROTEIN SYNTHESIS F * GENETIC ELEMENTS - EPISOMES - PLASMIDS * GAMETES * OVULES F * POLLEN B * ZYGOTES - HETEROZYGOTES - HOMOZYGOTES * GERMPLASM * GENETIC RESOURCES * BREEDING - GENES * ALLELES * CHROMOSOMES * CHROMOSOME MANIPULATION * GENOTYPES D * INHERITANCE - COMPLEMENTARY GENES * POLYGENES - DUPLICATE GENES * POLYMERIC GENES - LETHAL GENES - MAJOR GENES - MODIFYING GENES - POLYGENES * COMPLEMENTARY GENES - POLYMERIC GENES * DUPLICATE GENES - SUPERGENES

GENETIC RESOURCES * PLANT INTRODUCTION * GERMPLASM - GENE POOLS

NUCLEIC ACIDS - DNA * ADENINE * CYTOSINE * GUANINE * THYMINE * DEOXYRIBOSE F * CHROMOSOMES -16-

(NUCLEIC ACIDS)

- RNA * RIBOSE F * RIBOSOMES * CHROMOSOMES - MESSENGER RNA * GENETIC CODE * POLYPEPTIDES - TRANSFER RNA * AMINO AC IDS F * ATP B

PEPTIDES * AMINO ACIDS F * PROTEIN SYNTHESIS F - POLYPEPTIDES * MESSENGER RNA

PURINES * NUCLEOTIDES * SUGARS F * PYRIMIDINES - CYTOSINE * DNA - THYMINE * DNA * GENETIC CODE

- ADENINE * DNA - GUANINE * DNA

INHERITANCE * CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE * GENES * HEREDITY * BREEDING

- QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE

BREEDING * BREEDING METHODS (see below) * PLANT FERTILITY B * GENETICS * CYTOGENETICS * INHERITANCE * SEED D * CUL TI VARS

- BACKCROSSING * CROSSBREEDING -17-

(BREEDING) - HYBRIDIZING * CROSSBREEDING * HYBRIDS - INBREEDING * SELFING - SELFING * INBREEDING * SELF-POLLINATION B * SELFS - RECIPROCAL CROSSING - RANDOM MATING * OPEN POLLINATION - SEGREGATION - RECOMBINATION - MUTATION * MUTATION BREEDING * POLYPLOIDY - PLANT INTRODUCTION * PLANT EXPLORATION A * PLANT QUARANTINE E * GENETIC RESOURCES - SELECTION * ROGUING * EVALUATION J - BREEDING AIMS * BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL * PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL - HABIT IMPROVEMENT * PLANT HABIT D - YIELD INCREASE * YIELDS H * YIELD COMPONENTS H - NUTRIENT IMPROVEMENT * PROTEIN QUALITY F - HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE * DISEASE CONTROL E * PEST CONTROL E * DROUGHT D * TEMPERATURE D

BREEDING METHODS * BREEDING * IR RAD IA TI ON * PROGENY TESTING - CHROMOSOME MANIPULATION * GENES - CONVERGENT IMPROVEMENT -18-

(BREEDING METHODS) - EMASCULATION * MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY B * ANTHERS B - HETEROSIS * HYBRID VIGOUR * Fl HYBRIDS - INCOMPATIBILITY * MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY B * POLLINATION B - INTERSPECIFIC STERILITY - ISOLATION * POLLINATION B - MALE STERILITY - MUTATION BREEDING * f.'1UTATION * MUTAGENS - COLCHICINE - ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE - POL YPLOIDY * MUTATION

CUL TI VARS * BREEDING * ADAPTATION * VARIATION * HYBRIDS * HYBRIDIZING - Fl HYBRIDS * HETEROSIS * HYBRID VIGOUR * SPECIES - SUBSPECIES * CLONES * ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION B * PROPAGATION MATERIALS D * VARIETIES - RECOMMENDED VARIETIES -19-

D AGRONOMY AND CULTIVATION

AGRONOMY * AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS * CULTIVATION * MANAGEMENT PRACTICES * CULTIVATION SYSTEMS * ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS * AGRONOMY * GENOTYPES * PHENOTYPES - PLANT HABIT * PLANT ANATOMY B * HABIT IMPROVEMENT c - HEIGHT - ERECTNESS - TILLERING - PLANT WEATHERING * ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS - LODGING - HEAD CHARACTERS * HEADING B - SHATTERING - SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT * PLANT DEVELOPMENT B * SEASONS (see below)

LAND PREPARATION * CULTIVATION - CLEARING *SHIFTING CULTIVATION - SUBSOILING * CHISELS * DRAINAGE - TILLING * TILTH * NO-TILLAGE - PLOUGHING * CULTIVATORS * PLOUGHS * PHYSICAL METHODS E * DIGGING - DIGGING * DIGGING HOES * FORKS * SPADES * PLOUGHING -20-

(LAND PREPARATION) - (TILLING) - HARROWING * HARROWS - DISKING - RAKING * RAKES - PLACEMENT * FERTILIZERS - PELLETING * SEED TREATMENT E

CULTIVATION * AGRONOMY * CULTIVATION SYSTEMS (see below) * LAND PREPARATION * MANAGEMENT PRACTICES * MECHANIZATION J * HARVESTING - PROPAGATION * SOWING * PLANT REPRODUCTION B - MULTI PLICATION * SEED CROPS - PROPAGATION MATERIALS * CLONES c - SEED * SEEDS B * BREEDING c * SOWING * SEED-BORNE DISEASES E * SEED TRANSMISSION E - SEED CHARACTERS - SEED COLOUR - SEED HARDNESS - SEED QUALITY * GERMINABILITY B - GERMINATION TESTS * SEED VIABILITY - MOISTURE TESTS - PURITY ANALYSIS - SEED SIZE - SEED VIABILITY * GERMINATION TESTS * SEED STORAGE F - CERTIFIED SEED - SOWING * PROPAGATION * SOWING EQUIPMENT * SEEDBED * SPACING * SEED - SEEDING RATES - SOWING DEPTH - SPACING * PLANT POPULATIONS * SOWING * THINNING -21-

(CULTIVATION) - HOEING * MULCHING * WEEDING * HOES - MULCHING * HOEING - MULCHES - LIVE MULCHES * COVER CROPS A - STRAW MULCHES - DRY MULCHES - THINNING * SPACING - WEEDING * WEED CONTROL * HOEING * COVER CROPS A - CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS * ECOLOGY B * ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS * PHENOLOGY B * WATER REQUIREMENTS * PEDOCLIMATIC FACTORS - LIGHT * LIGHT EFFECTS * SHADE - LIGHT INTENSITY - LIGHT ENERGY * SOLAR RADIATION * PHOTOSYNTHESIS B - TEMPERATURE *HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE c - AIR TEMPERATURE - SOIL TEMPERATURE * SOIL REQUIREMENTS - NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS * PLANT NUTRITION * SOIL FERTILITY * PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES B - FERTILIZERS * PLACEMENT - PELLETING * FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS - LIME * CALCIUM - NITROGEN FERTILIZERS * NITROGEN - AMIDE FERTILIZERS - CALCIUM CYNAMIDE - UREA - AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS * MIXED FERTILIZERS * DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE * MONO-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE - AMMONIA SOLUTIONS - AMMONIUM ANHYDRIDE -22-

(CULTIVATION) - (NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS) - (FERTILIZERS) - (NITROGEN FERTILIZERS) - AMMONIUM CHLORIDE * CHLORINE - AMMONIUM SULPHATE * SULPHUR - MIXED FERTILIZERS * AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS * NITRATE FERTILIZERS - AMMONIUM NITRATE - AMMONIUM SULPHATE NITRATE * SULPHUR - CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE * CALCIUM - NITRATE FERTILIZERS * MIXED FERTILIZERS - CALCIUM NITRATE * CALCIUM - POTASSIUM NITRATE * POTASSIUM - SODIUM NITRATE * SODIUM - PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS * PHOSPHORUS - BASIC SLAG - DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE * AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS - DI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE * CALCIUM - MONO-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE * AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS - RHENANIAPHOSPHATE - SUPERPHOSPHATE - CALCIUM SUPERPHOSPHATE * CALCIUM - DOUBLE SUPERPHOSPHATE - TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE - POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS * POTASSIUM - POTASSIUM CHLORIDE * CHLORINE - POTASSIUM SULPHATE * SULPHUR - SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA * MAGNESIUM * SULPHUR - MANURES * HUMIFICATION * ORGANIC MATTER * NITROGEN * PHOSPHORUS * POTASSIUM - DUNG - GREEN MANURES * GREEN MANURING * ROTATIONAL CROPS - STUBBLE - SOIL REQUIREMENTS * PEDOCLIMATIC FACTORS * SOILS * SOIL TEMPERATURE -23-

(CULTIVATION) - (SOIL REQUIREMENTS) * WATER REQUIREMENTS * ECOLOGY B * ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS - DRAINAGE * SUB SO I LI NG * WATER MANAGEMENT - SOIL FERTILITY * NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS * FALLOW SYSTEMS * SOIL MICROBIOLOGY - COMPOSTING - GREEN MANURING * GREEN MANURES - SOIL IMPROVEMENT - SOIL MICROBIOLOGY * SOIL FERTILITY * SOIL TRANSMISSION E * ECOLOGY - SOIL FAUNA * SOIL POPULATIONS - SOIL FLORA * SOIL POPULATIONS * NITROGEN FIXATION - SOIL POROSITY - SOIL REACTIONS * SOIL CHEMISTRY * SOILS * SALINITY * pH - WATER REQUIREMENTS * WATER MANAGEMENT (see below) * RAINFALL - RAINFALL PATTERNS * SEASONS * CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS * SOIL REQUIREMENTS * ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS * TRANSPIRATION B * DROUGHT * ARID LAND *HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE c * l~ATER-LOGGING * WATER STRESS * ECOLOGY B

WATER MANAGEMENT * WATER REQUIREMENTS * DRAINAGE - IRRIGATION * IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT - BASIN IRRIGATION - FLOOD IRRIGATION - FURROW IRRIGATION - SPRAY IRRIGATION -24-

(WATER MANAGEMENT)

I - EROSION * RUN-OFF * COVER CROPS A - RUN-OFF * EROSION - WATER IMPOUNDING

SEASONS * SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT * RAINFALL PATTERNS - AUTUMN * KHARIF SEASON - SPRING * RABI SEASON - SUMMER - WINTER - DRY SEASON - WET SEASON - KHARIF SEASON * AUTUMN - RABI SEASON * SPRING

SOILS * SOIL REQUIREMENTS * SOIL CHEMISTRY - ALFISOLS - CLAYS - ENTISOLS * SILTS - INCEPTISOLS * SANDS - LOAMS - OXISOLS - SANDS * INCEPTISOLS - SILTS * ENTISOLS - VERTISOLS - ORGANIC MATTER * HUMIFICATION -25-

FARMING SYSTEMS - CULTIVATION SYSTEMS * CULTIVATION * MULCHING * MANAGEMENT PRACTICES * ECONOMICS H - FALLm~ SYSTEMS * SOIL FERTILITY - BUSH FALLOWING - CONTINUOUS CROPPING - DRY FARMING * ROTATIONAL CROPPING * ROTATIONAL CROPS - LEY FARMING * ROTATIONAL CROPPING - SEASONAL CROPPING - SHIFTING CULTIVATION * CLEARING - MIXED FARMING - CROPPING PATTERNS - MIXED CROPPING - MONOCULTURE - MULTIPLE CROPPING - RATOONING - SEQUENTIAL CROPPING - PHASED PLANTING - ROTATIONAL CROPPING * DRY FARMING * LEY FARMING * ROTATIONAL CROPS - UPLAND CROPPING

ROTATIONAL CROPS * GREEN MANURES - CEREALS - MAIZE - RICE - WHEAT - COTTON - GRAIN LEGUMES - BAMBARRA GROUNDNUTS - CHICK PEAS - COWPEAS - GROUNDNUTS - KIDNEY BEANS - LENTILS - SOYBEANS - OKRA -26-

(ROTATIONAL CROPS) - SAFFLOWER - SUNFLOWERS - SWEET POTATOES

HARVESTING * CULTIVATION * THRESHING F * HARVESTING EQUIPMENT - CUTTING - COMBINE HARVESTING * MECHANIZED HARVESTING - PASTURING - HAY-MAKING - ENSILING

FARM IMPLEMENTS - CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT - CHISELS * SUBSOILING - CULTIVATORS * HOES * PLOUGHING - FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS * FERTILIZERS - FORKS * DIGGING - HARROWS * HARROWING - HOES *CULTIVATORS * HOEING - DIGGING HOES * DIGGING - PLOUGHS * PLOUGHING - RAKES * RAKING - SOWING EQUIPMENT * SOWING - BROADCAST SEEDERS - SEED DRILLS - SPADES * DIGGING - HARVESTING EQUIPMENT * HARVESTING - HARVESTERS - MOWERS - REAPING KNIVES - SCYTHES - SICKLES -27-

{FARM IMPLEMENTS) - PLANT PROTECTION EQUIPMENT * PLANT PROTECTION E - IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT * IRRIGATION

PLANT NUTRITION * MACRONUTRIENTS * MICRONUTRIENTS * NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS * MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS - NUTRIENT UPTAKE * TRANSLOCATION B

MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS * MINERAL CONTENT F * PLANT NUTRITION * FEED CONSTITUENTS G * MINERAL DEFICIENCIES G - ALUMINIUM - BORON - CALCIUM * CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE * CALCIUM CYNAMIDE * CALCIUM NITRATE * CALCIUM SUPERPHOSPHATE * DI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE * LIME - CHLORINE * AMMONIUM CHLORIDE * POTASSIUM CHLORIDE - COPPER - IRON - MAGNESIUM * SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA - MANGANESE - MOLYBDENUM - NITROGEN * NITROGEN FERTILIZERS * MANURES * PROTEINS F - INORGANIC NITROGEN - SO IL NITROGEN * NITROGEN FIXATION -28-

(MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS) - OXYGEN * PHOTOSYNTHESIS B * LIPOXYGENASE B - PHOSPHORUS * PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS * MANURES - POTASSIUM * POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS * POTASSIUM NITRATE * MANURES - SODIUM * SODIUM NITRATE - SULPHUR * AMMONIUM SULPHATE * AMMONIUM SULPHATE NITRATE * POTASSIUM SULPHATE * SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA * AMINO ACIDS F - ZINC - TRACE ELEMENTS * MICRONUTRIENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS * CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS * SOIL REQUIREMENTS * WATER REQUIREMENTS * AGRONOMY * PLANT WEATHERING * AL TI TU DE * LATITUDE * ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS E - LIGHT EFFECTS * LIGHT * DAYLENGTH * PHOTOPERIOD * PLANT DEVELOPMENT B - MOISTURE EFFECTS * STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY F - TEMPERATURE EFFECTS - WIND EFFECTS -29-

STRESS FACTORS - pH - WATER STRESS

TIMING * AGE * SEQUENCE * SOWING -30-

E FIELD AND STORAGE PESTS (INCLUDING DISEASES)

PESTS * CROP LOSSES * YIELD LOSS H * DETERIORATION F * PEST CONTROL (see below) * HOST RANGE * ECOLOGY B - DISEASES AND PATHOGENS * ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS (see below) * PLANT PATHOLOGY * PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS B * INFECTION * EPIDEMIOLOGY * DISEASE TRANSMISSION - VIRUS TRANSMISSION * VECTORS * VIROSES - PERSISTENT VIRUSES - NONPERSISTENT VIRUSES - INSECT TRANS~ISSION * VECTORS * INJURIOUS INSECTS - NEMATODE TRANSMISSION * VECTORS * NEMATODES - SEED TRANSMISSION * SEED D * SEED-BORNE DISEASES - SOIL TRANSMISSION * SOIL-BORNE DISEASES * SOIL MICROBIOLOGY D * SEEDLING DISEASES * SEEDLINGS B * RACES * DISEASE CONTROL (see below) - BACTERIOSES - PSEUDOMONAS ALBOPRECIPITANS - PSEUDOMONAS ANDROPOGONI - PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE - XANTHOMONAS HOLCICOLA - MYCOPLASMOSES - MYCOSES * DETERIORATION F - ASCOCHYTA SORGHINA - CERCOSPORA SORGHI -31-

(PESTS) - (DISEASES AND PATHOGENS) - (MYCOSES) - CEREBELLA SORGHI-VULGARIS - CLAVICEPS SPP * ERGOT - COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA - CURVULARIA PENNISETI * GRAIN MOULDS * LEAF SPOT - DOWNY MILDEWS - SCLEROPHTHORA MACROSPORA - SCLEROSPORA GRAMINICOLA - SCLEROSPORA SORGHI - ERGOT * CLAVICEPS SPP * SPHACELIA SORGHI - GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI - GLOEOCERCOSPORA SORGHI - GRAIN MOULDS * CURVULARIA PENNISETI - HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM - LEAF SPOT * CURVULARIA PENNISETI - MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI - PERICONIA CIRCINATA - PIRICULARIA SETARIAE - PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS - RAMULISPORA SORGHI - RUSTS - PUCCINIA PENNISETI - PUCCINIA PURPUREA - PUCCINIA STENOTAPHRI - PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA INDICA - SEEDLING BLIGHT - SPHACELIA SORGHI * ERGOT - SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA * SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI - SPHACELOTHECA REILIANA - SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI * SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA - STALK ROT - TOLYPOSPORIUM EHRENBERGII - TOLYPOSPORIUM PENICILLARIAE - VIROSES * CHLOROSIS * VECTORS * VIRUS INHIBITION * VIRUS TRANSMISSION - MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS * MOSAICS - MAIZE STREAK DISEASE VIRUS - SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS * MOSAICS - NOXIOUS ANIMALS * STORED PRODUCTS PESTS - BIRDS - QUELEA QUELEA -32-

(PESTS) - (NOXIOUS ANIMALS) - INJURIOUS INSECTS * ENTOMOLOGY * INSECT CONTROL * INSECT TRANSMISSION * VECTORS - COLEOPTERA - CHAETOCNEMA MINUTA - HOLOTRICHIA SPP - MYLABRIS PUSTULATA - MYLLOCERUS SPP - ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR - ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS - PSALYDOLYTTA ATRICOLLIS - RHIZOPERTHA DOMINICA - SITOPHILUS ORYZAE - TANYMECUS INDICUS - TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM - TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM - TROGODERMA GRANARIUM - DERMAPTERA - DIPTERA - ANATRICHUS ERINACEUS - ATHERIGONA APPROXIMATA - ATHERIGONA INDICA - ATHERIGONA VARIA SOCCATA - CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA - GEROMYIA PENNISETI - STENODIPLOSIS PANIC! - HEMIPTERA - HETEROPTERA - BLISSUS LEUCOPTERUS - CALIDEA DREGII - CALOCORIS ANGUSTATUS - CREONTIADES SPP - DOLYCORIS INDICUS - DYSDERCUS SPP - LYGUS SPP - NEZARA VIRIDULA - HOMOPTERA - AGONOSCELIS VERSICOLOR - HETEROCOCCUS NIGERIENSIS - LONGIUNGUIS SACCHARI - PEREGRINUS MAIDIS - RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS - SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM - TRIONYMUS POLYPORUS -33-

(PESTS) - (NOXIOUS ANIMALS) - (INJURIOUS INSECTS) - ISOPTERA - LEP IDOPTERA - ACIGONA IGNEFUSALIS - AMSACTA SPP - BUSSEOLA FUSCA - CHILO PARTELLUS - CORCYRA CEPHALONICA - CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA - DIATRAEA CRAMBIDOIDES - ELDANA SACCHARINA - EUBLEMMA SILICULANA - HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA - HELIOTHIS ZEA - LAPHYGMA EXEMPTA - MARASMIA TRAPEZALIS - MASALIA SPP - MYTHIMNA SEPARATA - PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA - PROCERAS ARGYROLEPIDUS - SESAMIA CALAMISTIS - SESAMIA CRETICA - SESAMIA INFERENS - SITOTROGA CEREALELLA - SPODOPTERA EXEMPTA - SPODOPTERA EXIGUA - ORTHOPTERA - AIOLOPUS SIMULATRIX - CHROTOGONUS TRACHYPTERUS - COLEMANIA SPHENARIOIDES - LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA - NOMADACRIS SEPTEMFASCIATA - PATANGA SUCCINCTA - SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA - INJURIOUS MITES * ENTOMOLOGY * MITE CONTROL - ACARUS SIRO - OLIGONYCHUS INDICUS - TETRANYCHUS SPP - NEMATODES * NEMATODE CONTROL * NEMATODE TRANSMISSION - BELONOLAIMUS SPP - HETERODERA SPP - HOPLOLAIMUS SPP - MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ACRITA - MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA - TYLENCHUS SPP - RODENTS * RODENT CONTROL -34-

(PESTS) - WEEDS * WEED CONTROL * PARASITIC PLANTS * PARASITISM B - STRIGA * STRIGOL - STRIGA ASIATICA - STRIGA DENSIFLORA - STRIGA HERMONTHECA - STRIGA SENEGALENSIS

ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS * DEFICIENCIES G * DISEASES AND PATHOGENS * ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS D * PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS B - AIR POLLUTION - PESTICIDE EFFECTS * PESTICIDES - PHYTOTOXICITY

STORED PRODUCTS PESTS * NOXIOUS ANIMALS - ACARUS SIRO - ELDANA SACCHARINA - ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR - ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS - PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA - RHIZOPERTHA DOMINICA - SITOPHILUS ORYZAE - SITOTROGA CEREALELLA - TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM - TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM - TROGODERMA GRANARIUM -35-

PLANT PROTECTION * PLANT PROTECTION EQUIPMENT D - PEST CONTROL * INTEGRATED CONTROL * PEST CONTROL METHODS *HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE c * PESTICIDES * PESTS - DISEASE CONTROL * DISEASES AND PATHOGENS * PLANT PATHOLOGY * BIOLOGICAL CONTROL *HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE c - FUNGICIDES (see below) - VIRUS INHIBITION * VIROSES - ANTISERA * ANTIBODIES - INSECT CONTROL * INJURIOUS INSECTS * ENTOMOLOGY * BIOLOGICAL CONTROL - INSECTICIDES (see below) - MITE CONTROL * INJURIOUS MITES * ENTOMOLOGY * BIOLOGICAL CONTROL - ACARICIDES (see below) - NEMATODE CONTROL * NEMATODES - NEMATICIDES (see below) - RODENT CONTROL * RODENTS - RODENTICIDES - PEST CONTROL METHODS * PEST CONTROL - DUSTING - FUMIGATION - SPRAYING - SEED TREATMENT * PELLETING D - SOIL TREATMENT - PHYSICAL METHODS * PLOUGHING D * ROGUING c - PLANT QUARANTINE * PLANT INTRODUCTION c - WEED CONTROL * WEEDS * WEEDING D - HERBICIDES (see below) * PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES B - STRIGOL * STRIGA * GERMINATION B

ENTOMOLOGY * INJURIOUS INSECTS * INJURIOUS MITES * INSECT AGENTS * INSECT CONTROL * MITE CONTROL -36-

(ENTOMOLOGY) - INSECT BIOLOGY - INSECT BEHAVIOUR - INSECT BIONOMICS - INSECT POPULATIONS

PESTICIDES * PEST CONTROL * PESTICIDE EFFECTS * PESTICIDE RESIDUES * PESTICIDE TOLERANCES * PESTICIDE RESISTANCE - ACARICIDES - AMINOCARB - AZINPHOS-ETHYL - AZINPHOS-METHYL - BINAPACRYL - BROMOPHOS - CHLORBENSIDE - CHLORBICYCLEN - CHLORFENSON - CHLOROBENZILATE - COUMAPHOS - DEMETON-0 - DEMETON-0-METHYL - DIAZINON - DICHLORVOS - DICOFOL - DIMEFOX - DIMETHOATE - DINOCAP - DINOSAM - DISULFOTON - DNOC - ENDOSULFAN - ENDOTHION - FENCHLORPHOS - FENSON - FLUORBENSIDE - MALATHION - MECARBAM - MEVINPHOS - NALED - PARATHION - PHORATE - PHOSPHAMIDON -37-

(PESTICIDES) - (ACARICIDES) - SCHRADAN - TEPP - TETRASUL - THIOMETON - THIOQUINOX - FUNGICIDES - BENOMYL - BINAPACRYL - CAPTAN - CARBOXIN - CHLORANIL - CHLOROPICRIN - CYCLOHEXIMIDE - DICHLONE - DINOCAP - DNOC - DODINE - FENTIN - FERBAM - MANES - NABAM - THIOQUINOX - THIRAM - ZINEB - HERBICIDES * PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES B - ALLIDOCHLOR - ATRAZINE - BROMACIL - CHLORAZINE - CHLORBROMURON - CH LOROP I CR IN - CHLORPROPHAM - CYCLUROM - 2,4-D - DALAPON - DI-ALLATE - DICHLORPROP - DINOSAM - DIQUAT - DIURON - DNOC - ERBON - FENOPROP - FENURON -38-

(PESTICIDES) - {HERBICIDES) - IOXYNIL - IPAZINE - MALEIC HYDRAZIDE - MCPA - MONURON - NEBURON - PARAQUAT - PENTACHLOROPHENOL - PICLORAM - PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES * EMERGENCE B - PROPANIL - PROPAZINE - PROPHAM - SIMAZINE - SYNTHETIC AUXINS * AUXINS B - 2,4,5-T - TCA - TRIFLURALIN - INSECTICIDES - ALDRIN - AMINOCARB - AZINPHOS-ETHYL - AZINPHOS-METHYL - BHC * LINDANE - BROMOPHOS - BUTONATE - CAMPHECHLOR - CARBARYL - CHLORBICYCLEN - CHLORDANE - CHLOROPICRIN - COUMAPHOS - DDT - DEMETON-0 - DEMETON-0-METHYL - DIAZINON - DICHLORVOS - DIELDRIN - DIMEFOX - DIMETHOATE - DINOSAM - DISULFOTON - DNOC - ENDOSULFAN - ENDOTHION -39-

(PESTICIDES) - (INSECTICIDES) - ENDRIN - FENCHLORPHOS - HEPTACHLOR - LINDANE * BHC - MALATHION - MERCARBAM - MENAZON - METHOXYCHLOR - MEVINPHOS - NALED - NICOTINE - PARATHION - PHORATE - PHOSPHAMIDON - PYRETHRINS - ROTENONE - SCHRADAN - TEPP - THIOMETON - NEMATICIDES - CHLOROPICRIN - RODENTICIDES

- SYSTEMIC PESTICIDES * TRANSLOCATION B

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL * DISEASE CONTROL * INSECT CONTROL * MITE CONTROL * INTEGRATED CONTROL * BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION - INSECT AGENTS * ENTOMOLOGY - PARASITIC INSECTS * PARASITISM B - PARASITIC MITES * PARASITISM B - PREDACIOUS INSECTS - PREDACIOUS MITES -40-

F PRODUCTS

COMPOSITION *ANALYSIS * BIOCHEMISTRY B * NUTRITIVE VALUE G - ASH CONTENT - CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT - SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES - SUGARS - FRUCTOSE * SUCROSE - GLUCOSE * CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES *MALTOSE * SUCROSE - MALTOSE * GLUCOSE * MALTASE - RAFFINOSE - RIBOSE * RNA - STACHYOSE - SUCROSE * FRUCTOSE * GLUCOSE * SUCRASE - STARCH CONTENT * STARCHES G * GLUTEN - DRY MATTER - LIPID CONTENT * LIPO-PROTEIN * PROTEIN CONTENT * LIPOXYGENASE *OILS F - FATTY AC IDS - HEXADECENOIC ACID - LAURIC ACID - LINOLEIC ACID - LINOLENIC ACIDS - MYRISTIC ACID - OLEIC ACID - PALMITIC ACID - STEARIC ACID - PHOSPHOLI PIDS - WAXES - FIBRE CONTENT - CELLULOSE * CELL WALLS c -41-

(COMPOSITION) - HCN CONTENT * HCN * TOXICITY G - MINERAL CONTENT * MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS D - NITROGEN CONTENT - PROTEIN NITROGEN CONTENT * PROTEIN CONTENT - TOTAL NITROGEN - PHENOLIC CONTENT - TANNIN CONTENT - PROTEIN CONTENT * LIPO-PROTEIN * NSI * PDI * PROTEIN NITROGEN CONTENT * PROTEIN SYNTHESIS * AMINO ACIDS * CYTOKININS B * GENETIC CODE c * PEPTIDES c * PLANT ASSIMILATION B - PROTEINS * NITROGEN D * PROTEIN QUALITY * HIGH LYSINE CONTENT * NUTRIENT IMPROVEMENT c * RIBOSOMES c - ALBUMINS - GLOBULINS - GLUTELINS - PROLAMINES - AMINO ACIDS * GENETIC CODE c * PEPTIDES c * PROTEIN SYNTHESIS * SULPHUR D * TRANSFER RNA c - CYSTINE - ISOLEUCINE - LEUCINE - LYSINE * HIGH LYSINE CONTENT - METHIONINE - PHENYLALANINE - THREONINE - TRYPTOPHANE - TYROSINE - VALINE -42-

(COMPOS IT! ON) - VITAMIN CONTENT - ASCORBIC ACID - BIOTIN - CHOLINE - NICOTINIC ACID - PANTOTHENIC ACID - PYRIDOXINE - RIBOFLAVIN - THIAMIN - WATER CONTENT

PRODUCTS - FRESH PRODUCTS - FORAGE - PROCESSED PRODUCTS - FERMENTATION PRODUCTS - ALCOHOL - BEER * BREWING G *MALT - CITRIC ACID - LACTIC AC ID - MALT * BEER * BREWING G * MAL TING - FLOURS * DOUGHS G * FLOUR QUALITIES G * BAKED PRODUCTS G - GRITS - MEALS - OILS - SORGHUM OIL - SUGAR (see Section G) - SYRUP (see Section G) - PET FOODS - - BRUSHES * BROOM CORN A - WALLBOARDS (see Section G)

PROCESSING * MECHANIZATION J * NUTRIENT LOSS G * PROCESSING EQUIPMENT -43-

(PROCESSING) - THRESHING * THRESHERS - WINNOWING - GRAIN CLEANING - DEGERMINATION - GERM RECOVERY - CENTRIFUGING - DRYING * ORI ERS - CLARIFICATION - CONCENTRATING * EVAPORATORS - PREGELATINIZATION * EXTRUSION COOKERS - GELATINIZATION * EXTRUSION COOKERS - PEARLING - OIL EXTRACTION * OILS F - MILLING * MILLS - DRY MILLING - WET MI LU NG - STEEPING - STARCH-GLUTEN SEPARATION * GLUTEN - MALTING *MALT - PACKAGING

PROCESSING EQUIPMENT - EVAPORATORS * CONCENTRATING - EXTRUSION COOKERS * PREGELATINIZATION * GELATINIZATION -44-

(PROCESSING EQUIPMENT) - MILLS * MILLING - THRESHERS * THRESHING

STORAGE * DETERIORATION * MYCOSES E * PESTS E - MECHANICAL DAMAGE * DISTRIBUTION (see below) * STORAGE CONDITIONS - STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY * DRYING * MOISTURE EFFECTS D - STORAGE TEMPERATURE * STORAGE STRUCTURES * AERATION * VENTILATION - AIR FLOW * DRYING - SILOS - STORAGE BINS - STOREROOMS - WAREHOUSES - GRAIN STORAGE

- SEED STORAGE * SEED VIABILITY D - HOUSEHOLD STORAGE * HOME ECONOMICS G

DISTRIBUTION * HANDLING - CONVEYING * PACKAGING * STORAGE * MARKETING H

WASTES * PRODUCTIVITY H * WASTE UTILIZATION G - STUBBLE -45-

G UTILIZATION

USES * ECONOMIC ASPECTS H * ECONOMICS H * PACKAGING F * SOCIAL ASPECTS * WASTE UTILIZATION * FEEDS AND FEEDING * INDUSTRIALIZATION J * WASTES F - BREWING * BEER F

- FEEDS AND FEEDING * DOMESTIC ANIMALS * NUTRITION * WASTE UTILIZATION - FATTENING - FEED CONSTITUENTS * CAKES * CONCENTRATES * MEALS * MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS D - FEED MIXTURES - FEED SUPPLEMENTS - FINISHING - FODDERS * SILAGE * ENSILING D - HAY * HAY-MAKING D - FORAGE * PASTURING D * STUBBLE D - SILAGE * FODDERS - STRAW - FOOD PRODUCTS * t1EALS * NUTRITION - BAKED PRODUCTS * FLOURS - BISCUITS * DOUGHS - BREADS * DOUGHS - ENJERA - CHAPATHIS - MASA - CARAMEL - CEREAL FOODS - couscous - FURAH -46-

(USES) - (FOOD PRODUCTS) - (CEREAL FOODS) - PORRIDGES - - KALI - KOKO - NADIDA - TUWO - FLOURS * DOUGHS * FLOUR QUALITIES * BAKED PRODUCTS - FOOD ADDITIVES * FOOD BINDERS - FOOD BINDERS * FOOD ADDITIVES - OILS - SORGHUM OIL - POP SORGHUM - SUGAR * SUGARY SORGHUMS A * SYRUP - SYRUP * SUGAR - INDUSTRIAL USES * STARCHES - MODIFIED STARCHES - ADHESIVES * DEXTRINS - BUILDING STRAW * BUILDING INDUSTRY - DYES - INK THICKENERS - MINERAL REFINING - ALUMINIUM REFINING - ORNAMENTS - PAPERMAKING - PULP - TEXTILE SIZING - WALLBOARDS * BUILDING INDUSTRY - FUEL

NUTRITION * ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY * BIOCHEMISTRY B * HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY * BIOCHEMISTRY B * COOKING * COOKING QUALITY * BAKING QUALITY * HOME ECONOMICS - BAKING * BAKING QUALITY * COOKING QUALITY * FEEDS AND FEEDING * FOOD PRODUCTS -47-

(NUTRITION) - CALORIC VALUE * CALORIC DISTRIBUTION - DIETS * DIETARY PATTERNS * FEEDING PROGRAMS * DIETARY VALUE * NUTRITIVE VALUE - DIGESTIBILITY - FOOD ENERGY - PALATABILITY * FLAVOUR RETENTION * LIPOXYGENASE B - MALNUTRITION * HEALTH - NUTRIENT LOSS * NUTRITIVE VALUE * PROCESSING F - NUTRITIVE VALUE * COMPOSITION F * DIETARY VALUE * NUTRIENT LOSS - PER * PROTEIN CONTENT F * PROTEIN QUALITY F

HEALTH * MALNUTRITION - ANIMAL HEALTH * DEFICIENCY DISEASES - HUMAN HEALTH * DEFICIENCY DISEASES * HOME ECONOMICS * PUBLIC HEALTH * PESTICIDE TOLERANCES E

DEFICIENCY DISEASES * ANIMAL HEALTH *HUMAN HEALTH * DEFICIENCIES * ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS E - MINERAL DEFICIENCIES * CHLOROSIS E * MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS D * PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS B - PROTEIN DEFICIENCIES - VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES -48-

TOXICITY * TOXICOLOGY * ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY * HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY *HEALTH * DETOXIFICATION * HCN * HCN CONTENT F * HCN * CYANIDES * CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES * GLUCOSE F * BIOCHEMISTRY B

SOCIAL ASPECTS * HOME ECONOMICS * USES - CONSUMER PREFERENCES * TABOOS * RELIGION - TRADITIONS * HISTORY A

HOME ECONOMICS * COOKING * HOUSEHOLD STORAGE F * HUMAN HEALTH * SOCIAL ASPECTS

DOMESTIC ANIMALS * FEEDS AND FEEDING - BUFFALOES * MILK - CAMELS - CATTLE - BEEF CATTLE - DAIRY CATTLE * MILK - CALVES - GOATS - POULTRY * EGGS - CHICKENS - CHICKS - TURKEYS - SHEEP - LAMBS -49-

(DOMESTIC ANIMALS) - SWINE - PIGLETS -50-

H ECONOMICS

PRODUCT! VITY * PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL c * WASTES F * YIELDS * YIELD COMPONENTS * YIELD INCREASE c - GRAIN YIELD - SEED WEIGHT - YIELD LOSS * CROP LOSSES E - ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY

ECONOMICS * ECONOMIC ASPECTS * ECONOMIC FACTORS * PRODUCTION * MARKETING - PRODUCTION DATA * MARKETING *CULTIVATION SYSTEMS D - CAPITAL - COSTS * LABOUR - DEVELOPMENT COSTS * DEVELOPMENT J - LABOUR * COSTS - PRICES * PRICING - PRICE MAINTENANCE * PRICING POLICIES * SUBSIDIES - PRICE STABILIZATION - INCOME - CONSUMPTION * DEMAND

MARKETING * ECONOMICS * PRODUCTION * DISTRIBUTION F - CONTRACTUAL SELLING -51-

(MARKETING)

- OPEN MARKETING

- TRADE -52-

J RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

RESEARCH * EXPERIMENT DESIGN * EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES - EVALUATION * ROGUING c * SELECTION c - FIELD EXPERIMENTS - LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS - DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT * DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT COSTS H

- INDUSTRIALIZATION * ~ECHANIZATION * CULTIVATION D * PROCESSING F * WASTE UTILIZATION G

TRAINING * EDUCATION

INFORMATION SCIENCE - DOCUMENTATION - COMMUNICATION - INFORMATION SYSTEMS

INSTITUTIONS -53-

SECTION 2

ALPHABETICAL PRESENTATION -54- -55-

ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS E NT AIR POLLUTION PESTICIDE EFFECTS RT DEFICIENCIES DISEASES AND PATHOGENS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS Acar1c1de resistance USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE ACARICIDES E UF MITICIDES BT MITE CONTROL PESTICIDES NT AMINOCARB AZINPHOS-ETHYL AZINPHOS-METHYL BINAPACRYL BROMOPHOS CHLORBENSIDE CHLO RB ICY CL EN CHLORFENSON CHLOROBENZILATE COUMAPHOS DEMETON-0 DEMETON-0-METHYL DIAZINON DICHLORVOS DI CO FOL DIMEFOX DIMETHOATE DINOCAP DINOSAM DISULFOTON DNOC ENDOSULFAN ENDOTHION FENCHLORPHOS FEN SON FLUORBENS IDE MALATHION MERCARBAM -56-

(ACARICIDES) (NT) MEVINPHOS NALED PARATHION PH ORATE PHOSPHAMIDON SCHRADAN TEPP TETRAS UL THIOMETON THIOQUINOX Acarina USE INJURIOUS MITES Acarology USE ENTOMOLOGY ACARUS SIRO E UF FLOUR MITE GRAIN MITE BT INJURIOUS MITES STORED PRODUCTS PESTS Acceptab1l1ty (food) USE CONSUMER PREFERENCES Ac ha USE DIGITARIA EXILIS Ac1d1ty USE pH ACIGONA IGNEFUSALIS E UF CONIESTA IGNEFUSALIS DIATRAEA IGNEFUSALIS BT LEP IDOPTERA Acri c1 d USE BINAPACRYL Act1-d1one USE CYCLOHEXIMIDE -57-

ADAPTATION c RT CUL TI VARS Additives (food) USE FOOD ADDITIVES ADENINE c BT PURINES RT DNA Adenosine diphosphate USE ADP Adenosine triphosphate USE ATP

ADHESIVES G UF CEMENTS GLUES GUMS BT INDUSTRIAL USES RT DEXTRINS Adlay USE COIX LACHRY~A-JOBI ADP B UF ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE BT CO-ENZYMES RT PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION AERATION F NT AIR FLOW RT STORAGE STRUCTURES VENTILATION Afos USE MECARBAM African migratory locust USE LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA African mi 11 et SN Care is needed with this term. It has been used for Eleusine coracana and other millets, but more generally USE PEARL MILLET -58-

AGE D RT TIMING AGONOSCELIS VERSICOLOR E BT HOMOPTERA AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS D NT HEAD CHARACTERS PLANT HABIT PLANT WEATHERING SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT RT AGRONOMY GENOTYPES PHENOTYPES AGRONOMY D RT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS CULTIVATION ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AIOLOPUS SIMULATRIX E BT ORTH OPT ERA AIR FLOW F BT AERATION AIR POLLUTION E UF POLLUTION (AIR) BT ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS AIR TEMPERATURE D UF TEMPERATURE (AIR) BT TEMPERATURE Al USE ALUMINIUM ALBUMINS F BT PROTEINS ALCOHOL F BT FERMENTATION PRODUCTS -59-

ALDRIN E BT INSECTICIDES Aleppo grass USE JOHNSON GRASS

ALFI SOLS D UF GREY SOILS RED SOILS BT SOILS Al kal mi ty USE pH ALLELES C RT GENES ALLELOPATHY B SN Harmful effects of one plant on another through the production of chemicals that escape into the en vironment RT BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION ALLIDOCHLOR E UF CDAA BT HERBICIDES Alluvial soils USE ENTISOLS Alpha-linoleic acid USE LINOLEIC ACID ALTITUDE D UF ELEVATION RT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ALUMINIUM D UF Al ALUMINIUM BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS -60-

ALUMINIUM REFINING G UF ALUMINUM REFINING REFINING (ALUMINIUM) BT MINERAL REFINING Aluminum USE ALUMINIUM Aluminum refining USE ALUMINIUM REFINING American bollworm USE HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA AMIDE FERTILIZERS D BT NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NT CALCIUM CYNAMIDE UREA AMINO ACIDS F SN Includes analogues, modified amino acids and closely related compounds BT PROTEIN CONTENT NT CYSTINE ISOLEUCINE LEUCINE LYSINE METHIONINE PHENYLALANINE THREONINE TRYPTOPHANE TYROSINE VALINE RT GENETIC CODE PEPTIDES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS SULPHUR TRANSFER RNA AMINOCARB E UF MATACIL BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES -61-

AMITOSIS c BT CELL-DIVISION AMMONIA SOLUTIONS D BT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS AMMONIUM ANHYDRIDE D BT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS AMMONIUM CHLORIDE D BT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS RT CHLORINE AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS D BT NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NT AMMONIA SOLUTIONS AMMONIUM ANHYDRIDE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AMMONIUM SULPHATE RT DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE MIXED FERTILIZERS MONO-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM NIT RATE D BT MIXED FERTILIZERS AMMONIUM SULPHATE D UF SULPHATE OF AMMONIA BT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS RT SULPHUR AMMONIUM SULPHATE NITRATE D BT MIXED FERTILIZERS RT SULPHUR AMSACTA SPP E BT LEP I DO PT ERA ANABOLISM B BT METABOLISM ANALYSIS F UF ANALYTICAL METHODS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CHROMATOGRAPHY RT COMPOSITION -62-

Analytical methods USE ANALYSIS Anatomy (plant) USE PLANT ANATOMY

ANATRICHUS ERINACEUS E UF SORGHUM SHOOT FLY BT DIPTERA Andropogon sorghum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM AETHIOPICUM Andropogonaceae USE GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE Andropogoneae USE GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE Anemophily USE POLLINATION Aneurrn USE THIAMIN Angoumois grain moth USE SITOTROGA CEREALELLA Animal foodstuffs USE FEEDS AND FEEDING ANIMAL HEALTH G BT HEALTH RT DEFICIENCY DISEASES Animal nutrition USE NUTRITION ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY G SN Restrict to applications in relation to sorghums and millets UF PHYSIOLOGY (ANIMAL) RT BIOCHEMISTRY NUTRITION TOXICOLOGY -63-

Animals (domestic) USE DOMESTIC ANIMALS Annual sunflower USE HELIANTHUS SPP ANTHERS B BT STAMENS NT POLLEN RT EMASCULATION ANTHES IS B BT FLOWERING Anthracnose USE COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA ANTIBODIES E RT ANTISERA ANTI SERA E BT VIRUS INHIBITION RT ANTIBODIES Aphids USE HOMOPTERA Aphis graminum USE SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM Aphis ma1d1s USE RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS APOMIXIS B BT ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Arach1s hypogaea USE GROUNDNUTS Arasan USE THIRAM Arathane USE DINOCAP -64-

ARID LAND D RT DROUGHT Ari d1 ty USE DROUGHT Ari kel u USE KODO MILLET Asal1 disease USE ERGOT ASCOCHYTA SORGHINA E UF ROUGH LEAF SPOT BT MY COSES ASCORBIC ACID F UF VITAMIN C BT VITAMIN CONTENT ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION B BT PLANT REPRODUCTION NT APOMIXIS RT CLONES ASH CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION Assessment USE EVALUATION Ass1m1lat1on (plant) USE PLANT ASSIMILATION ATHERIGONA APPROXIMATA E BT DIPTERA ATHERIGONA INDICA E BT DIPTERA Ather1gona soccata USE ATHERIGONA VARIA SOCCATA -65-

ATHERIGONA VARIA SOCCATA E UF ATHERIGONA SOCCATA MILLET STEM MAGGOT FLY BT DI PT ERA ATP B UF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE BT CO-ENZYMES RT MITOCHONDRIA PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION TRANSFER RNA ATRAZINE E UF GESAPRIM PRIMATOL A BT HERBICIDES AUTUMN D UF FALL BT SEASONS RT KHARIF SEASON AUXINS B BT PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES NT INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDOLE-3-ACETONITRILE RT SYNTHETIC AUXINS Auxins (synthetic) USE SYNTHETIC AUXINS AWA A BT FEED MILLETS RT PANICUM ITALICUM AZINPHOS-ETHYL E UF ETHYL GUTH ION GUSATHION A BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES AZ INPHOS-METHYL E UF GUSAT~ION GUTH ION BT ACARICIDES INSECT! CIDES -66-

B USE BORON Baba la USE PEARL MILLET Baby beef USE CALVES BACKCROSSING c BT BREEDING RT CROSSBREEDING Bacterial diseases USE BACTERIOSES Bacterial leaf spot USE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE Bacterial leaf streak USE XANTHOMONAS HOLCICOLA Bacterial leaf stripe USE PSEUDOMONAS ANDROPOGONI BACTERIOSES E SN Includes pathogens Restrict NTs to important diseases or pathogens, and enter others under this des criptor UF BACTERIAL DISEASES DISEASES (BACTERIAL) BT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS NT PSEUDOMONAS ALBOPRECIPITANS PSEUDOMONAS ANDROPOGONI PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE XANTHOMONAS HOLCICOLA BAHIA GRASS A UF GRASS (BAHIA) BT FEED MILLETS RT PASPALUM NOTATUM -67-

BaJra USE PEARL MILLET BaJri USE PEARL MILLET BAKED PRODUCTS G BT FOOD PRODUCTS NT BISCUITS BREADS CHAPATHIS MASA RT FLOURS BAKING G BT COOKING RT BAKING QUALITY BAKING QUALITY G UF QUALITY (BAKING) BT FLOUR QUALITIES RT BAKING COOKING QUALITY BAMBARRA GROUNDNUTS D SN As rotational or 1ntercrop with sorghum or millet UF EARTH PEA JUGO BEAN VOANDEIA SUBTERRANEA BT GRAIN LEGUMES Bant1 USE PANICUM STAGNINUM Barns (storage) USE STOREROOMS Barnyard mi 11 et USE JAPANESE MILLET Barnyard millet (Japanese) USE JAPANESE MILLET -68-

Baron (Dow) USE ERBON

BASIC SLAG D BT PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS

BASIN IRRIGATION D BT IRRIGATION Bayer 31686 USE TH IOQU INOX Beans USE KIDNEY BEANS Bechna SN Care is needed with this term It has been used for Sorghum bicolor cernuum and some other plants, but more commonly USE PEARL MILLET

BEEF CATTLE G BT CATTLE BEER F BT FERMENTATION PRODUCTS RT BREWING MALT Beetles USE COLEOPTERA Behaviour (insect) USE INSECT BEHAVIOUR BELONOLAIMUS SPP E BT NEMATODES Bengal gram USE CHICK PEAS BENOMYL E BT FUNGICIDES -69-

Benzene hexachloride USE BHC Besna USE FINGER MILLET Bessna USE FINGER MILLET Bharti USE JAPANESE MILLET BHC E UF BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE GAMMEXANE HCH BT INSECTICIDES RT LINDANE Billion dollar grass USE JAPANESE MILLET BINAPACRYL E UF ACRICID ENDO SAN BT ACARICIDES FUNGICIDES Binders (food) USE FOOD BINDERS Bins (storage) USE STORAGE BINS BIOCHEMISTRY B UF CHEMISTRY RT ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY COMPOSITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TOXICITY BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION B UF COMPETITION (BIOLOGICAL) BT ECOLOGY NT PARASITISM RT ALLELOPATHY BIOLOGICAL CONTROL -70-

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL E UF CONTROL (BIOLOGICAL) NT INSECT AGENTS RT BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION DISEASE CONTROL INSECT CONTROL INTEGRATED CONTROL MITE CONTROL BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL c UF POTENTIAL (BIOLOGICAL) RT BREEDING AIMS Biology (insect) USE INSECT BIOLOGY Biology (mite) USE INSECT BIOLOGY Bionomics (insect) USE INSECT BIONOMICS Bionomics (mite) USE INSECT BIONOMICS BIOTIN F UF VITAMIN H BT VITAMIN CONTENT BIRDS E BT NOXIOUS ANIMALS NT QUELEA QUELEA BISCUITS G UF CRACKERS BT BAKED PRODUCTS RT DOUGHS Black-eyed bean USE COWPEAS Black soils USE VERTISOLS -71-

Black sorghum USE COLUMBUS GRASS Bladan USE TEPP Blast USE PIRICULARIA SETARIAE BLISSUS LEUCOPTERUS E UF CHINCH BUG BT HETEROPTERA Boards USE WALLBOARDS Boer millet USE FOXTAIL MILLET Boi 1mg USE CONCENTRATING BOOTING B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES BORON D UF B BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS Botani ca 1 keys USE IDENTIFICATION Botanical varieties USE VARIETIES BRACHIARIA A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT BRACHIARIA RAMOSA BRACHIARIA RAMOSA A UF PANICUM RAMOSUM BT BRACHIARIA RT BROWN TOP MILLET -72-

BRANCHING B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Bread (Eth1op1an) USE ENJERA BREADS G BT BAKED PRODUCTS NT ENJERA RT DOUGHS Breakfast cereals USE CEREAL FOODS BREEDING c UF GENETIC IMPROVEMENT PLANT BREEDING NT BACKCROSS ING BREEDING AIMS HYBRIDIZING INBREEDING MUTATION PLANT INTRODUCTION RANDOM MATING RECIPROCAL CROSSING RECOMBINATION SEGREGATION SELECTION SELFING RT BREEDING METHODS CUL TI VARS CYTOGENETICS GENETICS INHERITANCE PLANT FERTILITY SEED BREEDING AIMS c BT BREEDING NT HABIT IMPROVEMENT HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE NUTRIENT IMPROVEMENT YIELD INCREASE RT BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL -73-

BREEDING METHODS c NT CHROMOSOME MANIPULATION CONVERGENT IMPROVEMENT EMASCULATION HETEROSIS INCOMPATIBILITY INTERSPECIFIC STERILITY ISOLATION MALE STERILITY MUTATION BREEDING POLYPLOIDY RT BREEDING IRRADIATION PROGENY TESTING BREWING G BT USES RT BEER MALT BROADCAST SEEDERS D UF BROADCASTERS (SEED) SEEDERS (BROADCAST) BT SOWING EQUIPMENT Broadcasters (seed) USE BROADCAST SEEDERS BROMACIL E UF HYVAR BT HERBICIDES BROMOPHOS E BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES BROOM CORN A UF BROOMCORN CORN (BROOM) BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT BRUSHES SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA Broomcorn USE BROOM CORN -74-

Broomcorn millet USE COMMON MILLET Brooms USE BRUSHES

BROWN TOP MILLET A UF MILLET (BROWN TOP) POTHU MENERI BT GRAIN MILLETS RT BRACHIARIA RAMOSA

BRUSHES F UF BROOMS BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS RT BROOM CORN

BUFFALOES G BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS RT MILK Bug-k111 ers USE INSECTICIDES

BUILDING INDUSTRY G UF HOUSE BUILDING RT BUILDING STRAW WALLBOARDS BUILDING STRAW G UF STRAW (BUILDING) BT INDUSTRIAL USES RT BUILDING INDUSTRY Bulk ped1greerng USE SELECTION Bun storage USE STORAGE Bulking up USE MULTIPLICATION Bulrush m111 et USE PEARL MILLET -75-

Bultuc USE PEARL MILLET Burabusko USE COUSCOUS BUSH FALLOWING D SN Intensive fallow systems with bush as the fallow vegetation BT FALLOW SYSTEMS BUSSEOLA FUSCA E BT LEPIDOPTERA BUTONATE E BT INSECTICIDES Butterflies USE LEPIDOPTERA -76-

Ca USE CALCIUM

CAKES F SN For animal feeds, not bakery products BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS RT FEED CONSTITUENTS Calandra oryzae USE SITOPHILUS ORYZAE

CALCIUM D UF Ca BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE CALCIUM CYNAMIDE CALCIUM NITRATE CALCIUM SUPERPHOSPHATE DI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE LIME CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE D BT MIXED FERTILIZERS RT CALCIUM CALCIUM CYNAMIDE D BT AMIDE FERTILIZERS CALCIUM NITRATE D BT NITRATE FERTILIZERS RT CALCIUM CALCIUM SUPERPHOSPHATE D UF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME BT SUPERPHOSPHATE RT CALCIUM Calf USE CALVES CALI DEA DREG I I E BT HETEROPTERA CALOCORIS ANGUSTATUS E BT HETEROPTERA -77-

CALORIC DISTRIBUTION G RT CALORIC VALUE CALORIC VALUE G UF CALORIFIC VALUE BT NUTRITION RT CALORIC DISTRIBUTION Calories USE FOOD ENERGY Calorific value USE CALORIC VALUE CALVES G UF BABY BEEF CALF BT CATTLE Cambu USE PEARL MILLET CAMELS G BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS CAMPHECHLOR E UF TOXAPHENE BT INSECTICIDES Cane sugar USE SUCROSE CAPITAL H BT ECONOMICS CAPT AN E UF ORTHOCIDE 406 BT FUNGICIDES CARAMEL G BT FOOD PRODUCTS RT FOOD ADDITIVES -78-

CARBARYL E UF SEVIN BT INSECTICIDES

Carbathi in USE CARBOXIN CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION NT SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES STARCH CONTENT Carbohydrates (soluble) USE SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES

CARBON DIOXIDE B RT CARBON FIXATION

CARBON FIXATION B BT PHOTOSYNTHESIS RT CARBON DIOXIDE

CARBOXIN E UF CARBATH I IN BT FUNGICIDES CAROTENOIDS B BT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS Carthamus tinctorius USE SAFFLOWER CARYOPSIS B RT SEEDS CASSAVA D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF MANIOC BT ROTATIONAL CROPS Castration USE EMASCULATION -79-

CATABOLISM B UF KATABOLISM BT METABOLISM Cattail millet USE PEARL MILLET CATTLE G BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS NT BEEF CATTLE CALVES DAIRY CATTLE CAUDATUM A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS CDAA USE ALLIDOCHLOR CELL-DIVISION c UF NUCLEAR DIVISION BT CYTOLOGY NT AMITOSIS MEIOSIS MITOSIS RT CYTOKININS GROWTH MERI STEMS NUCLEUS CELL STRUCTURE c BT CYTOLOGY NT CELL WALLS CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES GOLGI APPARATUS NUCLEUS RIBOSOMES RT ULTRASTRUCTURE CELL WALLS c UF WALLS (CELL) BT CELL STRUCTURE RT CELLULOSE -80-

CELLULOSE F BT FIBRE CONTENT RT CELL WALLS Cements USE ADHESIVES Cenchrus catharticus USE PENNISETUM CENTROIDES CENTRE OF ORIGIN A UF ORIGIN (PLANT) PLANT ORIGIN BT PLANT GEOGRAPHY

CENTRIFUGING F BT PROCESSING

CERCOSPORA SORGHI E UF CERCOSPORIOSIS GREY LEAF SPOT BT MYCOSES Cercospori os is USE CERCOSPORA SORGHI

CEREAL FOODS G UF BREAKFAST CEREALS BT FOOD PRODUCTS NT COUSCOUS FU RAH PORRIDGES TUWO CEREALS A SN Sorghums, millets, or cereals grown as rotational or intercrops with sorghum or millet BT ROTATIONAL CROPS NT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS GRAIN MILLETS MAIZE RICE WHEAT RT GRAMINEAE -81-

Cerebella andropogonis USE CEREBELLA SORGHI-VULGARIS CEREBELLA SORGHI-VULGARIS E UF CEREBELLA ANDROPOGONIS FALSE SMUT SMUT (FALSE) BT MYCOSES CERTIFIED SEED D SN Commercial seed, meeting specified standards BT SEED CHAETOCNEMA MINUTA E UF FLEA BEETLE BT COLEOPTERA Channel millet USE ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA Channel sorghum USE ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA CHAPATHIS G BT BAKED PRODUCTS Characters (grain) USE SEED CHARACTERS Characters (seed) USE SEED CHARACTERS Charcoal rot USE MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI Chari USE FINGER MILLET Cheena USE COMMON MILLET Chemical analysis USE ANALYSIS -82-

Chemical composition USE COMPOSITION Chemical mutagens USE MUTAGENS Chemistry USE BIOCHEMISTRY

CHEMOTAXONOMY A BT TAXONOMY Chen a USE COMMON MILLET CHICK PEAS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF BENGAL GRAM CICER ARIETINUM GRAM (BENGAL) BT GRAIN LEGUMES CHICKEN CORN A UF CORN (CHICKEN) BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR DRUMMOND!! CHICKENS G UF FOWLS BT POULTRY CHICKS G BT POULTRY Chile saltpetre USE SODIUM NITRATE Chilean nitrate USE SODIUM NITRATE CHILO PARTELLUS E BT LEPIDOPTERA -83-

Chrnch bug USE BLISSUS LEUCOPTERUS CHISELS D UF PRAIRIE BUSTERS BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT SUBSOILING CHLORANIL E UF SPERGON BT FUNGICIDES CHLORAZINE E BT HERBICIDES CHLORBENSIDE E UF CHLORPARACIDE BT ACARICIDES CHLORBICYCLEN E BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES CHLORBROMURON E BT HERBICIDES Chlordan USE CHLORDANE CHLORDANE E UF CHLORDAN OCTACHLOR BT INSECTICIDES CHLORFENSON E UF OVEX OVOTRAN BT ACARICIDES CHLORINE D UF Cl BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT AMMONIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE -84-

CHLOROBENZILATE E UF ETHYL DICHLOROBENZILATE GEIGY 338 BT ACARICIDES Chlorophen USE PENTACHLOROPHENOL CHLOROPICRIN E UF LARVACIDE NITROCHLOROFORM PICFUME TRICHLORONITROMETHANE BT FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES INSECTICIDES NEMATIC IDES CHLOROPHYLL B RT CHLOROPHYLL A CHLOROPHYLL B CHLOROPHYLL A B BT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS RT CHLOROPHYLL CHLOROPHYLL B B BT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS RT CHLOROPHYLL CHLOROPLASTS c BT CHROMOPLASTS NT GRANA ST ROMA THYLAKOIDS RT MESOPHYLL PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHLOROSIS E RT MINERAL DEFICIENCIES VIROSES Chlorparac1de USE CHLORBENSIDE -85-

CHLORPROPHAM E UF CIPC BT HERBICIDES Choice of food USE CONSUMER PREFERENCES Chol am USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM Cholam mite USE OLIGONYCHUS INDICUS Cholam (yellow) USE DUR RAS CHOLINE F BT VITAMIN CONTENT Chondri osomes USE MITOCHONDRIA Chromatography USE ANALYSIS Chromatophores USE CHROMOPLASTS CHROMOPLASTS c UF CHROMATOPHORES BT PLASTIDS NT CHLOROPLASTS CHROMOSOME MANIPULATION c BT BREED ING METHODS RT GENES CHROMOSOMES c BT NUCLEUS RT CYTOGEN ET! CS DNA GENES GENOMES NUCLEOLUS RNA -86-

CHROTOGONUS TRACHYPTERUS E BT ORTHOPTERA C1 cer ari et mum USE CHICK PEAS C1cer lens USE LENTILS CIPC USE CHLORPROPHAM CITRIC ACID F BT FERMENTATION PRODUCTS Cl USE CHLORINE

CLARI FI CATION F BT PROCESSING Class1f1cat1on (plant) USE TAXONOMY CLAVICEPS SPP E SN Several species may be 1mpl1cated BT MYCOSES RT ERGOT CLAYS D BT SOILS Cleaning gram USE GRAIN CLEANING CLEARING D SN Clearing of forest, bush, or grass- land before cult1vat1on UF LAND CLEARING BT LAND PREPARATION RT SHIFTING CULTIVATION CLEISTOGAMY B SN Fert1l1sat1on w1th1n a closed floret BT SELF-FERTILISATION -87-

CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS D BT CULTIVATION NT LIGHT TEMPERATURE RT ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PEDOCLIMATIC FACTORS PH ENO LOGY WATER REQUIREMENTS CLONES c RT ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CUL TI VARS PROPAGATION MATERIALS CMU USE MONURON CO-ENZYMES B NT ADP ATP RT ENZYMES Co-Ral USE COUMAPHOS Code (genetic) USE GENETIC CODE COIX A BT GRAMINEAE-MAYDEAE NT COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI A UF ADLAY JOB'S TEARS BT COIX COLCHICINE c BT MUTAGENS Cold tolerance USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE -88-

COLEMANIA SPHENARIOIDES E BT ORTHOPTERA COLEOPTERA E UF BEETLES BT INJURIOUS INSECTS NT CHAETOCNEMA MINUTA HOLOTRICHIA SPP MYLABRIS PUSTULATA MYLLOCERUS SPP ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS PSALYDOLYTTA ATRICOLLIS RHIZOPERTHA DOMINICA SITOPHILUS ORYZAE TANYMECUS INDICUS TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM TRIBOLIUM CONFUSAM TROGODERMA GRANARIUM COLEOPTILE B RT PLUMULE COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA E UF ANTHRACNOSE COLLETOTRICHU~ ROT RED LEAF SPOT RED ROT RED STALK ROT BT MY COSES Colletotr1chum rot USE COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA Colour (seed) USE SEED COLOUR COLUMBUS GRASS A UF BLACK SORGHUM GRASS (COLUMBUS) SORGHUM (BLACK) BT FEED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM ALMUM -89-

COMBINE HARVESTING D BT HARVESTING RT MECHANIZED HARVESTING Commerce USE TRADE COMMON MILLET A UF CHEENA CH ENA BROOMCORN MILLET HOG MILLET IND IAN MILLET MAHA MENERI ME NERI MIJO COMUN MIL COMMUN MILLET (BROOMCORN) MILLET (COMMON) MILLET (HOG) MILLET (INDIAN) MILLET (PROSO) MILLET (RUSSIAN) PAN! VARAGU PROSO MILLET RISPENHIRSE RUSSIAN MILLET VARI BT GRAIN MILLETS RT PANICUM MILIACEUM COMMUl\lICATION J BT INFORMATION SCIENCE Competition (biological) USE BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION COMPLEMENTARY GENES C SN Genes which produce a combined effect distinct from their separate effects, "synergistic genes" BT GENES RT POLYGENES -90-

COMPOS IT ION F SN Chemical composition of sorghum or millet or their products UF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION NT ASH CONTENT CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT DRY MATTER FIBRE CONTENT HCN CONTENT LIPID CONTENT MINERAL CONTENT NITROGEN CONTENT PHENOLIC CONTENT PROTEIN CONTENT VITAMIN CONTENT WATER CONTENT RT ANALYSIS BIOCHEMISTRY NUTRITIVE VALUE COMPOSTING D BT SOIL FERTILITY CONCENTRATES G RT FEED CONSTITUENTS CONCENTRATING F UF BOILING EVAPORATING BT PROCESSING RT EVAPORATORS Confused flour beetle USE TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM Coniesta ignefusalis USE ACIGONA IGNEFUSALIS Conservation tillage USE NO-TILLAGE CONSUMER PREFERENCES G UF ACCEPTABILITY (FOOD) \ CHOICE OF FOOD FOOD CHOICE PREFERENCES (FOOD) BT SOCIAL ASPECTS RT TABOOS -91-

CONSUMPTION H SN Use for actual and potential markets of sorghum or millet products UF MARKET BT ECONOMICS RT DEMAND CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA E UF SORGHUM GALL MIDGE SORGHUM MIDGE BT DIPTERA CONTINUOUS CROPPING D SN The growing of crops in succession, without seasonal fallowing BT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS CONTRACTUAL SELLING H BT MARKETING Control (biological) USE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Control (eelworm) USE NEMATODE CONTROL Control (insect) USE INSECT CONTROL Control (integrated) USE INTEGRATED CONTROL Control (mite) USE MITE CONTROL Control (pest) USE PEST CONTROL Control (rodent) USE RODENT CONTROL Control methods (pest) USE PEST CONTROL METHODS -92-

Control methods (physical) USE PHYSICAL METHODS CONVERGENT IMPROVEMENT c UF IMPROVEMENT (CONVERGENT) BT BREEDING METHODS CONVEYING F BT HANDLING Cookers (extrusion) USE EXTRUSION COOKERS Cookers (gelatinizing) USE EXTRUSION COOKERS COOKING G SN Effects of cooking on nutr1t1ve value or palatab1l1ty, not ut1l1za- t1on recipes UF CUISINE NT BAKING RT COOKING QUALITY HOME ECONOMICS NUTRITION

COOKING QUALITY G UF QUALITY (COOKING) RT BAKING QUALITY COOKING

COPPER D UF Cu BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS Coracan USE FINGER MILLET CORCYRA CEPHALONICA E BT LEPIDOPTERA Corn (Br1t1sh usage) USE WHEAT -93-

Corn (broom) USE BROOM CORN Corn (chicken) USE CHICKEN CORN Corn (Guinea) USE GUINEA CORN Corn (kafir) USE KAFIRS Corn (N American usage) USE MAIZE Corn dwarf mosaic virus USE MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS Corn earworm USE HELIOTHIS ZEA Corn l anternfly USE PEREGRINUS MAIDIS Corn leaf aphid USE RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS Corn streak disease virus USE MAIZE STREAK DISEASE VIRUS

COSTS H UF PRODUCTION COSTS BT ECONOMICS NT DEVELOPMENT COSTS RT LABOUR COTTON D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet BT ROTATIONAL CROPS Cotton bollworm USE HELIOTHIS ZEA -94-

COUMAPHOS E UF CO-RAL MUSCATOX BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES COUSCOUS G SN Foods derived from steamed grain UF BURABUSKO BT CEREAL FOODS COVER CROPS A RT EROSION LIVE MULCHES WEEDING Covered smut USE SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI COWPEAS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF BLACK-EYED BEAN SOUTHERN PEA VIGNA SINENSIS BT GRAIN LEGUMES Cows USE DAIRY CATTLE CPBS USE FENSON Crackers USE BISCUITS CREONTIADES SPP E BT HETEROPTERA Crickets USE ORTHOPTERA CROP LOSSES E UF LOSS OF CROP RT PESTS YIELD LOSS -95-

CROPPING PATTERNS D UF PATTERNS (CROPPING) BT FARMING SYSTEMS NT MIXED CROPPING MONOCULTURE MULTIPLE CROPPING PHASED PLANTING ROTATIONAL CROPPING UPLAND CROPPING Cropping systems USE CULTIVATION SYSTEMS CROSSBREEDING c RT BACKCROSSING HYBRIDIZING Crossing (reciprocal) USE RECIPROCAL CROSSING

CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA E BT LEP IDOPTERA Cu USE COPPER Cuisine USE COOKING Culm length USE HEIGHT Cul ms USE STEMS CUL TI VARS c UF CULTIVATED VARIETIES LINES SELECTIONS VARIETIES (CULTIVATED) NT RECOMMENDED VARIETIES RT ADAPTATION BREEDING CLONES HYBRIDS SPECIES VARIATION -96-

CULTIVATED SORGHUMS A UF GRAIN SORGHUMS GREAT MILLET MILLET (GREAT) SORGHUMS (CULTIVATED) SORGHUMS (GRAIN) BT CEREALS SORGHUMS NT BROOM CORN CAUDATUM CHICKEN CORN DURRAS FETERITAS GUINEA CORN HEGARI KA FIRS KAOLIANGS MILOS SHALLU SHATTERCANE SOR GO RT SORGHUM BICOLOR Cultivated var1et1es USE CUL TI VARS

CUL TI VAT ION D UF CULTURAL PRACTICES CULTURE (PLANT) NT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS HOEING MULCHING NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PROPAGATION SOIL REQUIREME~TS SOWING SPACING THINNING WATER REQUIREMENTS WEEDING RT AGRONOMY CULTIVATION SYSTEMS HARVESTING LAND PREPARATION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES MECHANIZATION -97-

CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT D BT FARM IMPLEMENTS NT CHISELS CULTIVATORS FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS FORKS HARROWS HOES PLOUGHS RAKES SOWING EQUIPMENT SPADES

CULTIVATION SYSTEMS D UF CROPPING SYSTEMS BT FARMING SYSTEMS NT CONTINUOUS CROPPING DRY FARMING FALLm1 SYSTEMS LEY FARMING SEASONAL CROPPING SHIFTING CULTIVATION RT CULTIVATION ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES MULCHING CULTIVATORS D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT HOES PLOUGHING Cultural practices USE CULTIVATION Culture (plant) USE CULTIVATION Cumbu USE PEARL MILLET

CURVULARIA PENNISETI E UF EAR BLIGHT BT MYCOSES RT GRAIN MOULDS LEAF SPOT -98-

CUTICLE B BT EPIDERMIS

CUTTING D UF HAND-HARVESTING HARVESTING (HAND) PLUCKING BT HARVESTING

CYANIDES G RT HCN Cyanogenetic glycosides USE CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES G SN Restrict to occurrence in sorghums or millets except for information on decomposition or diminution UF CYANOGENETIC GLYCOSIDES GLYCOSIDES (CYANOGENIC) RT GLUCOSE HCN Cyclodan USE ENDOSULFAN

CYCLOHEXIMIDE E UF ACTI-DIONE BT FUNGICIDES CYCLURON E BT HERBICIDES Cygan insecticide USE DIMETHOATE Cynosurus coracanum USE ELEUSINE CORACANA CY STINE F BT AMINO AC IDS -99-

CYTOGENETICS c RT BREEDING CHROMOSOMES CYTOLOGY GENETICS CYTOKININS B BT PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES NT KIN ET IN ZEATIN RT CELL-DIVISION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CYTOLOGY c NT CELL-DIVISION CELL STRUCTURE RT CYTOGENETICS CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE c UF EXTRA-NUCLEAR INHERITANCE INHERITANCE (CYTOPLASMIC) INHERITANCE (EXTRA-NUCLEAR) INHERITANCE (NON-MENDELIAN) NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE RT INHERITANCE CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES c UF ORGANELLES BT CELL STRUCTURE NT DICTYOSOMES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM MITOCHONDRIA PLASTIDS VACUOLES CYTOSINE c BT PYRIMIDINES RT DNA -100-

2,4-D E UF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BT HERBICIDES Dagussa USE FINGER MILLET

DAIRY CATTLE G UF COWS MILK COWS BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS RT MILK

DALAPON E BT HERBICIDES

DALLIS GRASS A UF GRASS (DALLIS) BT FEED MILLETS RT PASPALUM DILATATUM Damage (mechanical) USE MECHANICAL DAMAGE

DAYLENGTH D RT LIGHT EFFECTS PHOTOPERIOD DCMU USE DIURON DDT E BT INSECTICIDES DDVP USE DICHLORVOS Decort1cat1on USE PEARLING DEFICIENCIES G NT MINERAL DEFICIENCIES PROTEIN DEFICIENCIES VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES RT ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS DEFICIENCY DISEASES -101-

DEFICIENCY DISEASES G UF DISEASES (DEFICIENCY) RT ANIMAL HEALTH DEFICIENCIES HUMAN HEALTH DEGERMINATION F SN Separation of germ from endosperm BT PROCESSING Dehull rng USE PEARLING DEMAND H RT CONSUMPTION DEMETON-0 E UF SYSTOX BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES DEMETON-0-METHYL E UF METHYL-DEMETON-0 BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Density (planting) USE SPACING Deoxyr1bonucle1c acid USE DNA DEOXYRIBOSE F RT DNA RIBOSE Depth (sowing) USE SOWING DEPTH DERMAPTERA E UF EARWIGS FOR FI CULA SPP BT INJURIOUS INSECTS -102-

Desert locust USE SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA Desoxyr1bosenucle1c acid USE DNA DETERIORATION F UF KEEPING QUALITIES SPOILAGE STORAB IL ITV NT MECHANICAL DAMAGE RT MY COSES PESTS STORAGE DETOXIFICATION G RT HCN TOXICITY DEVELOPMENT J UF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES POLICIES (DEVELOPMENT) WORK PLANS WORK PROGRAMS NT INDUSTRIALIZATION RT DEVELOPMENT COSTS DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH Development (plant) USE PLANT DEVELOPMENT Development (seasonal) USE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT COSTS H BT COSTS RT DEVELOPMENT Development policies USE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH J BT RESEARCH RT DEVELOPMENT -103-

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES B SN Of sorghums and millets NT BOOTING BRANCHING EMERGENCE FLOWERING GERMINATION HEADING RIPENING ROOTING SEEDLINGS STEM ELONGATION TILLERING RT PLANT DEVELOPMENT DEXTRINS G RT ADHESIVES Dextrose USE GLUCOSE Dhal (red) USE LENTILS DI-ALLATE E UF DIALLATE BT HERBICIDES DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE D BT PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS RT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS DI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE D BT PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS RT CALCIUM D1-Syston USE DISULFOTON Diallate USE DI-ALLATE DIATRAEA CRAMBIDOIDES E UF SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER BT LEP IDOPTERA -104-

Diatraea ignefusalis USE ACIGONA IGNEFUSALIS DIAZINON E BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Dibrom USE NALED

DICHLONE E UF PHYGON BT FUNGICIDES 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid USE 2,4-D Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate USE DICHLORVOS DICHLORPROP E UF 2,4-DP BT HERBICIDES DICHLORVOS E UF DDVP DICHLOROVINYL DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE VAPONA BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES DI CO FOL E UF KELTHANE BT ACARICIDES DICTYOSOMES C BT CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES RT GOLGI APPARATUS DIELDRIN E BT INSECTICIDES DIETARY PATTERNS G UF FEEDING REGIMES PATTERNS (DIETARY) REGIMES (FEEDING) RT DIETS FEEDING PROGRAMS -105-

DIETARY VALUE G NT DIGESTIBILITY FOOD ENERGY PALATABILITY RT DIETS NUTRITIVE VALUE DIETS G BT NUTRITION RT DIETARY PATTERNS DIETARY VALUE DIFFERENTIATION B SN Process of change in cells or tissues during development RT GROWTH MORPHOGENESIS DIGESTIBILITY G BT DIETARY VALUE DIGGING D UF FORKING SPADING BT TILLING RT DIGGING HOES FORKS SPADES PLOUGHING DIGGING HOES D UF HOES (DIGGING) BT HOES RT DIGGING DIGITARIA A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT DIGITARIA EXILIS DIGITARIA EXILIS A UF ACHA FIND! FON IO HUNGRY RICE RICE (HUNGRY) BT DIGITARIA -106-

D1mecron USE PHOSPHAMIDON DIMEFOX E UF HANANE PESTOX 14 TERRA-SYTAM BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES DIMETHOATE E UF CYGON INSECTICIDE ROGOR BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES

01 ni trocresol USE DNOC

DINOCAP E UF ARATHANE DNOPC KARATHANE MILDEX BT ACARICIDES FUNGICIDES DINOSAM E UF DNAP DNSAP BT ACARICIDES HERBICIDES INSECTICIDES D1och USE QUELEA QUELEA DIPTERA E UF FLIES FLY BT INJURIOUS INSECTS NT ANATRICHUS ERINACEUS ATHERIGONA APPROXIMATA ATHERIGONA INDICA ATHERIGONA VARIA SOCCATA CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA GEROMYIA PENNISETI STENODIPLOSIS PANIC! -107-

DIQUAT E BT HERBICIDES Disease carriers USE VECTORS DISEASE CONTROL E BT PEST CONTROL NT FUNG IC IDES VIRUS INHIBITION RT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL DISEASES AND PATHOGENS HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE PLANT PATHOLOGY Disease organisms USE DISEASES AND PATHOGENS Disease resistance USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE DISEASE TRANSMISSION E UF TRANSMISSION (DISEASE) NT INSECT TRANSMISSION NEMATODE TRANSMISSION SEED TRANSMISSION SOIL TRANSMISSION VIRUS TRANSMISSION RT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS Diseases (bacterial) USE BACTERIOSES Diseases (deficiency) USE DEFICIENCY DISEASES Diseases (fungal) USE MYCOSES Diseases (mycoplasmal) USE MYCOPLASMOSES Diseases (plant) USE DISEASES AND PATHOGENS -108-

Diseases (plant physiological) USE PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS Diseases (seed-borne) USE SEED-BORNE DISEASES Diseases (soil-borne) USE SOIL-BORNE DISEASES Diseases (virus) USE VIROSES

DISEASES AND PATHOGENS E UF DISEASE ORGANISMS DISEASES (PLANT) PATHOGENS PLANT DISEASES BT PESTS NT BACTERIOSES MYCOPLASMOSES MY COSES VIROSES RT ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE TRANSMISSION EPIDEMIOLOGY INFECTION PLANT PATHOLOGY PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS RACES SEEDLING DISEASES DISKING D BT HARROWING Disorders (plant phys1olog1cal) USE PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS Distance USE SPACING DISTRIBUTION F UF TRANSPORTATION RT HANDLING MARKETING PACKAGING STORAGE -109-

Distribution (natural) USE PLANT GEOGRAPHY Distributors (fertilizer) USE FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS DISULFOTON E UF DI-SYSTON DITH IOSYSTOX THIODEMETON BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Dithane D-14 USE NABAM Dithane M-22 USE MAN EB Dithane Z-78 USE ZIN EB Dithiosystox USE DISULFOTON DIURON E UF DCMU DMU KARMEX BT HERBICIDES DMDT USE METHOXYCHLOR DMU USE DIURON DNA c UF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID DESOXYRIBOSENUCLEIC ACID BT NUCLEIC ACIDS RT ADENINE CHROMOSOMES CYTOSirlE DEOXYRIBOSE GUANINE THYMINE -110-

DNAP USE DINOSAM DNC USE DNOC DNOC E UF DIN ITROCRESOL DNC BT ACARICIDES FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES INSECT! CIDES DNOPC USE DINOCAP DNSAP USE DINOSAM DOCUMENTATION J BT INFORMATION SCIENCE Dodecano1c acid USE LAURIC ACID DODINE E BT FUNGICIDES DOLYCORIS INDICUS E BT HETEROPTERA DOMESTIC ANIMALS G UF ANIMALS (DOMESTIC) FARM ANIMALS LIVESTOCK NT BUFFALOES CAMELS CATTLE GOATS POULTRY SHEEP SWINE RT FEEDS AND FEEDING -111-

DORMANCY B RT GERMINABILITY DOUBLE SUPERPHOSPHATE D BT SUPERPHOSPHATE DOUGHS G RT BISCUITS BREADS FLOURS Dougoup USE PEARL MILLET DOWNY MILDEWS E UF MI LDHJ (DOWNY) BT MYCOSES NT SCLEROPHTHORA MACROSPORA SCLEROSPORA GRAMINICOLA SCLEROSPORA SORGHI 2,4-DP USE DICHLORPROP DPA USE PROPANIL DRAINAGE D BT SOIL REQUIREMENTS RT SUBSOILING WATER MANAGEMENT Dressing (seed) USE SEED TREATMENT DRIERS F UF GRAIN-DRYING EQUIPMENT BT PROCESSING EQUIPMENT RT DRYING Ori lls (seed) USE SEED DRILLS -112-

DROUGHT D UF ARIDITY DRYNESS RT ARID LAND HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE WATER REQUIREMENTS Drought resistance USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE DRY FARMING D SN Cultivation of cereals in rotation with 1-2 years of fallow BT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS RT ROTATIONAL CROPPING DRY MATTER F BT COMPOSITION DRY MILLING F UF ROLLER MILLING BT MILLING DRY MULCHES D UF GRAVEL MULCHES MULCHES (DRY) MULCHES (GRAVEL) MULCHES (PLASTIC) MULCHES (SOIL) PLASTIC MULCHES SOIL MULCHES BT MULCHES DRY SEASON D BT SEASONS DRYING F BT PROCESSING RT DRIERS STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY STORAGE STRUCTURES Dryness USE DROUGHT -113-

DUNG D UF FARMYARD MANURE BT MANURES DUPLICATE GENES C SN Non-allelic genes of identical, non cumulative effect BT GENES RT POLYMERIC GENES Dura USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM AETHIOPICUM Dura stemborer USE SESAMIA CRETICA

DUR RAS A UF CHOLAM (YELLOW) YELLOW CHOLAM BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR DURRA DUSTING BT PEST CONTROL METHODS E Dybar USE FENURON DYES G BT INDUSTRIAL USES DYSDERCUS SPP E BT HETEROPTERA -114-

Ear blight USE CURVULARIA PENNISETI Earth pea USE BAMBARRA GROUNDNUTS Earwigs USE DERMAPTERA ECHINOCHLOA A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT ECHINOCHLOA COLONA ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA ECHINOCHLOA PYRAMIDALIS ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA ECHINOCHLOA COLONA A BT ECH IN OCH LOA RT SHAMA MILLET Echinochloa crus-galli USE ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA A UF ECHINOCHLOA GRUS-GALLI OPLISMENUS FRUMENTACEUS PANICUM GRUS-GALLI PANICUM GRUS-GALLI FRUMENTACEUM PANICUM FRUMENTACEUM BT ECH INOCHLOA RT JAPANESE MILLET ECHINOCHLOA PYRAMIDALIS A BT ECHINOCHLOA Echinochloa stagnina USE PANICUM STAGNINUM ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA A UF CHANNEL MILLET CHANNEL SORGHUM MILLET (CHANNEL) SORGHUM (CHANNEL) BT ECH INOCHLOA -115-

ECOLOGY B NT BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION RT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS PESTS PHENOLOGY PLANT GEOGRAPHY PLANT POPULATIONS RHIZOSPHERE SOIL MICROBIOLOGY SOIL REQUIREMENTS WATER REQUIREMENTS ECONOMIC ASPECTS H RT ECONOMICS USES ECONOMIC FACTORS H RT ECONOMICS ECONOMICS H NT CAPITAL CONSUMPTION COSTS INCOME LABOUR PRICES RT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ECONOMIC ASPECTS ECONOMIC FACTORS MARKETING PRODUCTION Economics (home) USE HOME ECONOMICS Edaphic requirements USE SOIL REQUIREMENTS EDUCATION J RT TRAINING Eel worms USE NEMATODES -116-

EGGS G RT POULTRY Egyptian wheat USE SHALLU Ekatin USE THIOMETON ELDANA SACCHARINA E BT LEP I DO PT ERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS Elephant grass USE NAPIER GRASS ELEUSINE A BT GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE NT ELEUSINE CORACANA Eleusine abyssinica USE ELEUSINE CORACANA ELEUSINE CORACANA A UF CYNOSURUS CORACANUM ELEUSINE ABYSSINICA BT ELEUSINE RT FINGER MILLET Elevation USE ALTITUDE Elongation (stem) USE STEM ELONGATION EMASCULATION c UF CASTRATION BT BREEDING METHODS RT ANTHERS MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY EMBRYO B UF SEED-GERM BT SEEDS NT PLUMULE RAD I CLE RT SEEDLINGS -117-

Embryology (plant) USE MORPHOGENESIS EMERGENCE B UF SEEDLING EMERGENCE BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES RT PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES SEEDLINGS EMS USE ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM c UF ERGASTOPLASM BT CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES RT GOLGI APPARATUS RIBOSOMES En dos an USE BINAPACRYL ENDOSPERM B BT SEEDS ENDOSULFAN E UF CYCLODAN THIODAN BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES EN DOTH ION E BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES ENDRIN E BT INSECTICIDES Eneie USE PEARL MILLET ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY H BT PRODUCTIVITY ENJERA G UF BREAD (ETHIOPIAN) ETHIOPIAN BREAD BT BREADS -118-

Ensilage USE SILAGE ENS I LING D BT HARVESTING RT SILAGE ENTISOLS D UF ALLUVIAL SOILS BT SOILS RT SILTS ENTOMOLOGY E UF ACAROLOGY NT INSECT BIOLOGY RT INJURIOUS INSECTS INJURIOUS MITES INSECT AGENTS INSECT CONTROL MITE CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS D NT LIGHT EFFECTS MOISTURE EFFECTS TEMPERATURE EFFECTS WIND EFFECTS RT ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS AGRONOMY ALTITUDE CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS LATITUDE PLANT WEATHERING SOIL REQUIREMENTS WATER REQUIREMENTS ENZYMES B NT HYDROGENASE LIPOXYGENASE MALTASE SUCRASE RT CO-ENZYMES EPIDEMIOLOGY E RT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS -119-

EPIDERMIS B BT PLANT TISSUES NT CUTICLE HAIRS RT STOMATA EPISOMES c BT GENETIC ELEMENTS Eradex USE THIOQUINOX ERB ON E UF BARON (DOW) BT HERBICIDES Ergastoplasm USE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ERGOT E UF ASAL! DISEASE SUGARY DISEASE BT MYCOSES RT CLAVICEPS SPP SPHACELIA SORGHI Eragrost1daceae USE GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE Eragrost1deae USE GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE ERAGROSTIS A BT GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE NT ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA A UF ERAGROSTIS TEF POA ABYSSINICA BT ERAGROSTIS RT TEFF Eragrost1s tef USE ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA -120-

ERECTNESS D BT PLANT HABIT Eri ophy1 ds USE INJURIOUS MITES EROSION D UF SO IL EROS ION BT WATER MANAGEMENT RT COVER CROPS RUN-OFF Eth1op1an bread USE ENJERA Ethyl d1chlorobenz1late USE CHLOROBENZILATE Ethyl guth1on USE AZINPHOS-ETHYL ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE c UF EMS BT MUTAGENS EUBLEMMA SILICULANA E BT LEPIDOPTERA EVALUATION J UF ASSESSMENT METHODS (SCREENING) SCREENING METHODS BT EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES RT ROGUING SELECTION Evaporating USE CONCENTRATING EVAPORATORS F BT PROCESSING EQUIPMENT RT CONCENTRATING EXPERIMENT DESIGN J RT RESEARCH -121-

Experimental methods USE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES J UF EXPERIMENTAL METHODS METHODS (EXPERIMENTAL) TECHNIQUES (EXPERIMENTAL) NT EVALUATION RT RESEARCH Experimentation USE RESEARCH Exploration (plant) USE PLANT EXPLORATION Exporting USE TRADE Extra-nuclear inheritance USE CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE Extraction (oil) USE OIL EXTRACTION EXTRUSION COOKERS F UF COOKERS (EXTRUSION) COOKERS (GELATINIZING) GELATINIZING COOKERS RT GELATINIZATION PREGELATINIZATION -122-

Fl HYBRIDS c BT HYBRIDS RT HETEROSIS HYBRID VIGOUR Fabric s1 zing USE TEXTILE SIZING Fall USE AUTUMN FALLOW SYSTEMS D SN Sequences of crop years and fallow years UF FALLOWING BT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS NT BUSH FALLOWING RT SOIL FERTILITY Fallowing USE FALLOW SYSTEMS False smut USE CEREBELLA SORGHI-VULGARIS Farm animals USE DOMESTIC ANIMALS FARM IMPLEMENTS D UF FARM TOOLS FIELD TOOLS IMPLEMENTS (FARM) TOOLS (FARM) NT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT HARVESTING EQUIPMENT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT PLANT PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Farm tools USE FARM IMPLEMENTS Farming (mixed) USE MIXED FARMING -123-

FARMING SYSTEMS D NT CROPPING PATTERNS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS MIXED FARMING Farmyard manure USE DUNG Fat content USE LIPID CONTENT FATTENING G BT FEEDS AND FEEDING FATTY ACIDS F BT LIP ID CONTENT NT HEXADECENOIC ACID LAURIC ACID LINOLEIC ACID LINOLENIC ACIDS MYRISTIC ACID OLEIC ACID PALMITIC ACID STEARIC ACID Fauna (soil) USE SOIL FAUNA Fe USE IRON FEED CONSTITUENTS G BT FEEDS AND FEEDING RT CAKES CONCENTRATES MEALS MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS FEED MILLETS A UF GRASS MILLETS MILLETS (FEED) MILLETS (GRASS) BT GRASSES MILLETS NT AWA BAHIA GRASS DALLIS GRASS -124-

(FEED MILLETS) (NT) GUINEA GRASS HILO GRASS KIKUYU GRASS NAPIER GRASS NATAL GRASS PARA GRASS SWITCH GRASS UMBRELLA GRASS

FEED MIXTURES G BT FEEDS AND FEEDING

FEED SORGHUMS A UF GRASS SORGHUMS SORGHUMS (FEED) SORGHUMS (GRASS) BT GRASSES SORGHUMS NT COLUMBUS GRASS JOHNSON GRASS SUDAN GRASS FEED SUPPLEMENTS G UF SUPPLEMENTS (FEED) BT FEEDS AND FEEDING FEEDING PROGRAMS G UF PROGRAMMES (FEEDING) RT DIETARY PATTERNS

Feeding regimes USE DIETARY PATTERNS FEEDS AND FEEDING G UF ANIMAL FOODSTUFFS FOODSTUFFS (ANIMAL) LIVESTOCK FEEDS STOCKFEEDS BT USES NT FATTEN ING FEED CONSTITUENTS FEED MIXTURES -125-

(FEEDS AND FEEDING) (NT) FEED SUPPLEMENTS FINISHING FODDERS FORAGE SILAGE STRAW RT DOMESTIC ANIMALS NUTRITION WASTE UTILIZATION

FENCHLORPHOS E UF KORLAN RONN EL TROLENE BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES FENO PROP E UF SILVEX 2,4,5-TP BT HERBICIDES

FEN SON E UF CPBS PCP BS BT ACARICIDES FENTIN E UF TRIPHENYLTIN BT FUNGICIDES

FE NU RON E UF DYBAR BT HERBICIDES FERBAM E BT FUNGICIDES FERMENTATION PRODUCTS F UF YEAST PRODUCTS BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS NT ALCOHOL BEER CITRIC ACID LACTIC ACID MALT -126-

FERTILISATION B SN The union of gametes in reproduction Avoid confusion with PLACEMENT of fertilizers BT PLANT REPRODUCTION NT SELF-FERTILISATION RT POLLINATION Fertility (plant) USE PLANT FERTILITY Fertility (soil) USE SOIL FERTILITY Fertilizer compounds USE MIXED FERTILIZERS FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS D SN Implements for field distribution of fertilizers UF DISTRIBUTORS (FERTILIZER) BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT FERTILIZERS Fertilizer placement USE PLACEMENT FERTILIZERS D BT NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS NT LIME NITROGEN FERTILIZERS PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS RT FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS PLACEMENT FETERITAS A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR CAUDATUM FIBRE CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION NT CELLULOSE -127-

FIELD EXPERIMENTS J UF FIELD RESEARCH METHODS FIELD TRIALS PLOT TESTS BT RESEARCH Field research methods USE FIELD EXPERIMENTS Field tools USE FARM IMPLEMENTS Field trials USE FIELD EXPERIMENTS Frnd1 USE DIGITARIA EXILIS FINGER MILLET A UF BESNA BESSNA CHARI CORACAN DAGUSSA INDIAN MILLET (SOUTH) KORA KAN KU RAK KAN MANDAL MIJO RAGI MILLET (FINGER) MILLET (SOUTH INDIAN) NACHNI NAGLI NJERA RAGHI RAGI RAGI MARUA RAJIKA RA PO KO RUKWEZA RUPOKO SOUTH INDIAN MILLET TALABUN TOCUSSO ZVIYO BT GRAIN MILLETS RT ELEUSINE CORACANA -128-

FIN I SH ING G BT FEEDS AND FEEDING Flavour USE PALATABILITY FLAVOUR RETENTION G BT FLOUR QUALITIES RT PALATABILITY Flea beetle USE CHAETOCNEMA MI~UTA Flies USE DIPTERA FLOOD IRRIGATION D BT IRRIGATION Flora (soil) USE SOIL FLORA FLORETS B UF FLOWERS BT SPIKELETS NT LEMMA PAL EA PISTIL STAMENS Flour mite USE ACARUS SIRO FLOUR QUALITIES G UF QUALITY (FLOUR) NT BAKING QUALITY FLAVOUR RETENTION RT FLOURS FLOURS F/G BT FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSED PRODUCTS RT BAKED PRODUCTS DOUGHS FLOUR QUALITIES -129-

FLOWERING B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES NT ANTHES IS RT FLORETS MATURATION Flowers USE FLORETS FLUORBENS IDE E UF FLUORPARACIDE FLUORSULPHACIDE BT ACARICIDES Fluorparacide USE FLUORBENSIDE Fluorsulphacide USE FLUORBENSIDE Fly USE DIPTERA FODDERS G BT FEEDS AND FEEDING NT HAY RT SILAGE Folklore USE TRADITIONS Fonio USE DIGITARIA EXILIS FOOD ADDITIVES G UF ADDITIVES (FOOD) GELS (FOOD) BT FOOD PRODUCTS RT CARAMEL FOOD BINDERS FOOD BINDERS G UF BINDERS (FOOD) THICKENERS (FOOD) BT FOOD PRODUCTS RT FOOD ADDITIVES -130-

Food choice USE CONSUMER PREFERENCES

FOOD ENERGY G UF CALORIES BT DIETARY VALUE Food-plant range USE HOST RANGE FOOD PRODUCTS G UF FOODS BT USES NT BAKED PRODUCTS CARAMEL CEREAL FOODS FLOURS FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD BINDERS OILS SUGAR SYRUP RT MEALS NUTRITION Food value USE NUTRITIVE VALUE Foods USE FOOD PRODUCTS Foods (forbidden) USE TABOOS Foodstuffs (animal) USE FEEDS AND FEEDING FORAGE G UF PASTURAGE BT FEEDS AND FEEDING FRESH PRODUCTS RT PASTURING STUBBLE Forbidden foods USE TABOOS -131-

Forficula spp USE DERMAPTERA Forking USE DIGGING FORKS D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT DIGGING Fowls USE CHICKENS FOXTAIL MILLET A UF BOER MILLET FRENCH MILLET GERMAN MILLET HUNGARIAN MILLET ITALIAN MILLET KANG KANGI KANGNI KAON RICE KONGONI KOR RA MILLET (BOER) MILLET (FOXTAIL) MILLET (FRENCH) MILLET (GERMAN) MILLET (HUNGARIAN) MILLET (ITALIAN) MILLET (SIBERIAN) MILLET DES OISEAUX NAVANE RALA RICE ( KAON) SIBERIAN MILLET TANAHAL TENAI BT GRAIN MILLETS RT SETARIA ITALICA French millet USE FOXTAIL MILLET -132-

FRESH PRODUCTS F UF UNPROCESSED PRODUCTS BT PRODUCTS NT FORAGE FriJoles USE KIDNEY BEANS Fructification USE HEADING

FRUCTOSE F UF LAEVULOSE BT SUGARS RT SUCROSE Fruits / USE GRAIN FUEL G BT USES FUMIGATION E BT PEST CONTROL METHODS Fungal diseases USE MYCOSES Fungicide resistance USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE FUNGICIDES E BT DISEASE CONTROL PESTICIDES NT BENOMYL BINAPACRYL CAPT AN CARBOXIN CHLORANIL CHLOROPICRIN CYCLOHEXIMIDE DICHLONE DINOCAP -133-

(FUNGICIDES) (NT) DNOC DODI NE FENTIN FERBAM MAN EB NABAM THIOQUINOX THI RAM ZIN EB FU RAH G SN Processed and spiced millet balls {W Africa) BT CEREAL FOODS 6-Furfuryl-aminopurine USE KINETIN FURROW IRRIGATION D BT IRRIGATION Fusar1um monil1forme USE GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI Fusarium stalk rot USE GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI -134-

Gall m1 tes USE INJURIOUS MITES GAMETES c RT GENETICS OVULES POLLEN ZYGOTES Gamma-1rrad1at1on USE IRRADIATION Gammexane USE BHC Geigy 338 USE CHLOROBENZILATE GELATINIZATION F BT PROCESSING RT EXTRUSION COOKERS Gelat1n1z1ng cookers USE EXTRUSION COOKERS Gels (food) USE FOOD ADDITIVES GENE POOLS c UF GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS BT GENETIC RESOURCES GENERATIONAL STERILITY B BT STERILITY GENES c BT GENETICS NT COMPLEMENTARY GENES DUPLICATE GENES LETHAL GENES MAJOR GENES MODIFYING GENES POLYGENES -135-

(GENES) (NT) POLYMERIC GENES SUPERGENES RT ALLELES CHROMOSOME MANIPULATION CHROMOSOMES GENOTYPES INHERITANCE GENETIC CODE c UF CODE (GENETIC) BT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION RT AMINO ACIDS MESSENGER RNA NUCLEOTIDES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS GENETIC ELEMENTS c NT EPISOMES PLASMIDS Genetic improvement USE BREEDING GENETIC RESOURCES c UF RESOURCES (GENETIC) NT GENE POOLS RT GERMPLASM PLANT INTRODUCTION GENETIC TRANSFORMATION c NT GENETIC CODE RT GENETICS GENETICS c NT GENES RT BREEDING CYTOGENETICS GAMETES GENETIC ELEMENTS GENETIC TRANSFORMATION GERMPLASM GENOMES c RT CHROMOSOMES -136-

GENOTYPES D RT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS GENES Geography {plant) USE PLANT GEOGRAPHY Germ plasm USE GERMPLASM GERM RECOVERY F BT PROCESSING German millet USE FOXTAIL MILLET GERMINABIL ITY B BT GERMINATION RT DORMANCY SEED QUALITY GERMINATION B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES NT GERMINAB IL ITV RT PLANT FERTILITY SEEDS STRIGOL GERMINATION TESTS D BT SEED QUALITY RT SEED VIABILITY GERMPLASM c UF GERM PLASM RT GENETIC RESOURCES GENETICS Germplasm collections USE GENE POOLS Gero USE PEARL MILLET GEROMYIA PENNISETI E BT DIPTERA -137-

Gesam11 USE PROPAZINE

Gesaprim USE ATRAZINE

Gesatop USE SIMAZINE GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI E UF FUSARIUM MONILIFORME FUSARIUM STALK ROT POKKAH BOENG TWISTED TOP BT MYCOSES GIBBERELL INS B BT PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES GLOBULINS F BT PROTEINS GLOEOCERCOSPORA SORGHI E UF ZONATE LEAF SPOT BT MYCOSES GLUCOSE F UF DEXTROSE BT SUGARS RT CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES MALTOSE SUCROSE

Glues USE ADHESIVES GLUMES B BT SP I KE LETS GLUTELINS F BT PROTEINS GLUTEN F RT STARCH CONTENT STARCH-GLUTEN SEPARATION -138-

Glycine max USE SOYBEANS Glycosides (cyanogenic) USE CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES

GOATS G BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS God owns USE WAREHOUSES GOLGI APPARATUS c UF GOLGI BODIES BT CELL STRUCTURE RT DICTYOSOMES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Golgi bodies USE GOLGI APPARATUS ' Gondul1 USE LITTLE MILLET Government departments USE INSTITUTIONS GRAIN B UF FRUITS BT INFRUCTESCENCES RT HEADING SEEDS Grain characters USE SEED CHARACTERS GRAIN CLEANING F UF CLEANING GRAIN BT PROCESS ING Grain-drying equipment USE DRIERS Grain hardness USE SEED HARDNESS -139-

GRAIN LEGUMES D SN As rotational or 1ntercrops with sorghum or millet UF LEGUMES (GRAIN) PULSES BT ROTATIONAL CROPS NT BAMBARRA GROUNDNUTS CHICK PEAS COWPEAS GROUNDNUTS KIDNEY BEANS LENTILS SOYBEANS GRAIN MILLETS A UF MILLETS (GRAIN) BT CEREALS MILLETS NT BROWN TOP MILLET COMMON MILLET FINGER MILLET FOXTAIL MILLET JAPANESE MILLET KODO MILLET LITTLE MILLET PEARL MILLET SHAMA MILLET TEFF Grain m1 te USE ACARUS SIRO GRAIN MOULDS E UF HEAD MOULDS MOLDS MOULDS (GRAIN) MOULDS (HEAD) BT MYCOSES RT CURVULARIA PENNISETI Gram s 11 os USE SILOS Grain smut USE SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI -140-

Gram sorghums USE CULTIVATED SORGHUMS GRAIN STORAGE F SN Storing grain for uses other than propagation UF STORAGE (GRAIN) BT STORAGE

GRAIN YIELD H UF SEED YIELD YIELD (GRAIN) YIELD (SEED) BT YIELDS NT SEED WEIGHT Gram (Bengal) USE CHICK PEAS

GRAMINEAE A NT GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE GRAMINEAE-MAYDEAE GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE RT CEREALS GRASSES GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE A UF ANDROPOGONACEAE ANDROPOGONEAE BT GRAMINEAE NT SORGHUM GRAMINEAE-ERAGROSTIDEAE A UF ERAGROSTIDACEAE ERAGROSTIDEAE BT GRAMINEAE NT ELEUSINE ERAGROSTIS GRAMINEAE-MAYDEAE A UF MAYDACEAE MAYDEAE BT GRAMINEAE NT COIX -141-

GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE A UF PANICACEAE PANICEAE BT GRAMINEAE NT BRACHIARIA DIGITARIA ECHINOCHLOA PAN I CUM PASPALUM PENNISETUM SET ARIA GRANA c BT CHLOROPLASTS Granaries USE STORAGE STRUCTURES Grass (Aleppo) USE JOHNSON GRASS Grass (Bahia) USE BAHIA GRASS Grass (billion dollar) USE JAPANESE MILLET Grass (Columbus) USE COLUMBUS GRASS Grass (Dallis) USE DALLIS GRASS Grass (elephant) USE NAPIER GRASS Grass (Guinea) USE GUINEA GRASS Grass (Hilo) USE HILO GRASS Grass (Johnson) USE JOHNSON GRASS -142-

Grass (Kikuyu) USE KIKUYU GRASS Grass (Napier) USE NAPIER GRASS Grass (Natal) USE NATAL GRASS Grass (Sudan) USE SUDAN GRASS Grass (switch) USE SWITCH GRASS Grass (umbrella) USE UMBRELLA GRASS Grass millets USE FEED MILLETS Grass sorghums USE FEED SORGHUMS GRASSES A NT FEED MILLETS FEED SORGHUMS RT GRAMINEAE Grasshoppers USE ORTHOPTERA Gravel mulches USE DRY MULCHES Great mi 11 et USE CULTIVATED SORGHUMS Green ear USE SCLEROSPORA GRAMINICOLA GREEN MANURES D BT MANURES NT STUBBLE RT GREEN MANURING ROTATIONAL CROPS -143-

GREEN MANURING D UF MANURING (GREEN) BT SOIL FERTILITY RT GREEN MANURES Green mulches USE LIVE MULCHES Green plant bug USE NEZARA VIRIDULA Green stink bug USE NEZARA VIRIDULA Green flies USE HOMOPTERA Gremi l offi cinel USE PEARL MILLET Grey leaf spot USE CERCOSPORA SORGHI Grey soils USE ALFISOLS GRITS F BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS GROUNDNUTS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF ARACHIS HYPOGAEA PEANUT BT GRAIN LEGUMES Growing seasons USE SEASONS GROWTH B UF GROWTH RATE BT PLANT DEVELOPMENT RT CELL-DIVISION DIFFERENTIATION MORPHOGENESIS PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES -144-

Growth-form USE PLANT HABIT Growth rate USE GROWTH Growth regulators USE PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES

GROWTH RINGS B BT NODES GUANINE c BT PURINES RT DNA GUINEA CORN A UF CORN (GUINEA) BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR GUINEENSE GUINEA GRASS A UF GRASS (GUINEA) BT FEED MILLETS RT PANICUM MAXIMUM Gums USE ADHESIVES Gusath1on USE AZINPHOS-METHYL Gusath1on A USE AZINPHOS-ETHYL Guth1on USE AZINPHOS-METHYL Gynoec1um USE PISTIL Gypsum boards USE WALLBOARDS -145-

Habit (plant) USE PLANT HABIT HABIT IMPROVEMENT c BT BREEDING AIMS RT PLANT HABIT

Habits (insect) USE INSECT BEHAVIOUR

HAIRS B BT EPIDERMIS

Hai rs (root) USE ROOT HAIRS

Hanane USE DIME FOX

Hand harvesting USE CUTTING

HAND POLLINATION B RT POLLINATION

Hand weeding USE WEEDING

HANDLING F NT CONVEYING RT DISTRIBUTION

Haraka USE KODO MILLET

Hardness (seed) USE SEED HARDNESS

Hari cot USE KIDNEY BEANS

Harik USE KODO MILLET -146-

HARROWING D UF SCARIFICATION (SOIL) SOIL SCARIFICATION BT TILLING NT DISKING RAKING RT HARROWS HARROWS D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT HARROWING HARVESTERS D BT HARVESTING EQUIPMENT HARVESTING D UF REAPING NT COMBINE HARVESTING CUTTING ENSILING HAY-MAKING PASTURING RT CULTIVATION HARVESTING EQUIPMENT THRESHING Harvesting (hand) USE CUTTING Harvesting (mechanized) USE MECHANIZED HARVESTING HARVESTING EQUIPMENT D BT FARM IMPLEMENTS NT HARVESTERS MO~IERS REAPING KNIVES RT HARVESTING Harvesting knives USE REAPING KNIVES HAY G BT FODDERS RT HAY-MAKING -147-

HAY-MAKING D BT HARVESTING RT HAY HCH USE BHC HCN G UF HYDROGEN CYAN IDE PRUSSIC ACID RT CYANIDES CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES DETOX I FI CATION HCN CONTENT HCN CONTENT F BT COMPOS IT ION RT HCN TOXICITY HEAD CHARACTERS D UF PANICLE CHARACTERS BT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS NT SHATTERING RT HEADirW Head moulds USE GRAIN MOULDS Head smut USE SPHACELOTHECA REILIANA HEADING B UF FRUCTIFICATION BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES RT GRAIN HEAD CHARACTERS MATURATION HEALTH G NT ANIMAL HEALTH HUMAN HEALTH RT MALNUTRITION TOXICOLOGY -148-

Heat USE TEMPERATURE Heen meneri USE LITTLE MILLET HEGARI A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM

HEIGHT D UF CULM LENGTH STEM LENGTH BT PLANT HABIT Hel1anthus spp USE SUNFLOWERS HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA E UF AMERICAN BOLLWORM BT LEPIDOPTERA HELIOTHIS ZEA E UF CORN EARWORM COTTON BOLLWORM TOMATO FRUITWORM BT LEP IDOPTERA HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM E UF NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT TRICHOMETASPHAERIA TURCICA BT MYCOSES HEMIPTERA E BT INJURIOUS INSECTS NT HETEROPTERA HOMO PT ERA HEPTACHLOR E BT INSECTICIDES HERBICIDES E UF WEEDKILLERS -149-

(HERBICIDES) BT PESTICIDES WEED CONTROL NT ALLIDOCHLOR ATRAZINE BROMACIL CHLORAZINE CHLORBROMURON CHLOROPICRIN CHLORPROPHAM CYCLURON 2,4-D DALAPON DI-ALLATE DICHLORPROP DINOSAM DIQUAT DIURON DNOC ERB ON FENOPROP FENURON IOXYNIL IPAZINE MALEIC HYDRAZIDE MCPA MONURON NEBURON PARAQUAT PENTACHLOROPHENOL PICLORAM PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES PROPANIL PROPAZINE PRO PHAM SIMAZINE SYNTHETIC AUXINS 2,4,5-T TCA TRIFLURALIN RT PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES Herb1c1des (pre-emergence) USE PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES -150-

HEREDITY c RT INHERITANCE Heritability USE INHERITANCE Heteroauxrn USE INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID HETEROCOCCUS NIGERIENSIS E BT HOMO PT ERA HETERODERA SPP E BT NEMATODES HETEROPTERA E BT HEMIPTERA NT BLISSUS LEUCOPTERUS CALI DEA DREGI I CALOCORIS ANGUSTATUS CREONTIADES SPP DOLYCORIS INDICUS DYSDERCUS SPP LYGUS SPP NEZARA VIRIDULA HETEROSIS c BT BREEDING METHODS RT Fl HYBRIDS HYBRID VIGOUR HETEROZY GOT ES c BT ZYGOTES Hexadecanoic acid USE PALMITIC ACID HEXADECENOIC ACID F BT FATTY ACIDS Hibiscus esculentus USE OKRA HIGH-LYSINE CONTENT F RT LYSINE PROTEIN QUAL ITV -151-

H1 gh-protern USE PROTEIN CONTENT HILO GRASS A UF GRASS (HILO) BT FEED MILLETS RT PASPALUM CONJUGATUM Histology (plant) USE PLANT TISSUES HISTORY A RT PLANT GEOGRAPHY TRADITIONS HOEING D BT CULTIVATION RT HOES MULCHING WEEDING HOES D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT NT DIGGING HOES RT CULTIVATORS HOEING Hoes (digging) USE DIGGING HOES Hog m111 et USE COMMON MILLET Hogs USE SWINE Hollow stem USE MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI HOLOTRICHIA SPP E BT COLEOPTERA HOME ECONOMICS G UF ECONOMICS (HOME) HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS -152-

(HOME ECONOMICS) RT COOKING HOUSEHOLD STORAGE HUMAN HEALTH SOCIAL ASPECTS

HOMOPTERA E UF APHIDS GREENFLIES MEALY BUGS PLANT LICE SCALE INSECTS BT HEM! PTERA NT AGONOSCELIS VERSICOLOR HETEROCOCCUS NIGERIENSIS LONGIUNGUIS SACCHARI PEREGRINUS MAIDIS RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM TRIONYMUS POLYPORUS HOMOZYGOTES c BT ZYGOTES Honeydew disease USE SPHACELIA SORGHI Hooks (reaping) USE SICKLES HOPLOLAIMUS SPP E BT NEMATODES Hormones {plant) USE PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE C SN Resistance of sorghums or millets to adverse factors or inJurious organisms UF COLD TOLERANCE DISEASE RESISTANCE DROUGHT RESISTANCE INSECT RESISTANCE OF PLANTS -153-

(HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE) (UF) MITE RESISTANCE OF PLANTS NEMATODE RESISTANCE OF PLANTS RESISTANCE (OF PLANTS TO INSECTS) RESISTANCE (OF PLANTS TO MITES) RESISTANCE (OF PLANTS TO NEMATODES) RESISTANCE (OF PLANTS TO PESTS) RESISTANCE (PLANT) TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE VARIETAL RESISTANCE BT BREEDING AIMS RT DISEASE CONTROL DROUGHT PEST CONTROL TEMPERATURE HOST RANGE E UF FOOD-PLANT RANGE HOST SPECTRUM RANGE (HOST-PLANT) RT PESTS Host spectrum USE HOST RANGE House bu11 ding USE BUILDING INDUSTRY Household economics USE HOME ECONOMICS HOUSEHOLD STORAGE F UF STORAGE (HOME) BT STORAGE RT HOME ECONOMICS

HUMAN HEALTH G BT HEALTH RT DEFICIENCY DISEASES HOME ECONOMICS PUBLIC HEAL TH Human nutrition USE NUTRITION -154-

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY G SN Restrict to applications in relation to sorghums and millets UF PHYSIOLOGY (HUMAN) RT BIOCHEMISTRY NUTRITION TOXICOLOGY

HUMIFICATION D RT MANURES ORGANIC MATTER Hungarian millet USE FOXTAIL MILLET Hungry rice USE DIGITARIA EXILIS HYBRID VIGOUR c UF VIGOR (HYBRID) RT Fl HYBRIDS HETEROSIS Hybridi sat10n USE HYBRIDIZING HYBRIDIZING c UF HYBRIDISATION BT BREEDING RT CROSSBREEDING HYBRIDS HYBRIDS c NT Fl HYBRIDS RT CUL TI VARS HYBRIDIZING HYDROGEN B RT HYDROGENASE Hydrogen cyanide USE HCN Hydrogen-ion concentration USE pH -155-

HYDROGENASE B BT ENZYMES RT HYDROGEN Hyvar USE BROMACIL -156-

!AA USE INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID IAN USE INDOLE-3-ACETONITRILE

IDENTIFICATION A UF BOTANICAL KEYS KEYS (BOTANICAL) PLANT IDENTIFICATION RT TAXONOMY Implements (farm) USE FARM IMPLEMENTS Importing USE TRADE Impoverishment (soil) USE SOIL IMPOVERISHMENT Improvement (convergent) USE CONVERGENT IMPROVEMENT INBREEDING c BT BREEDING RT SELFING INCEPTISOLS D BT SOILS RT SANDS INCOME H BT ECONOMICS INCOMPATIBILITY C SN Pollination failure within an otherwise freely interbreeding group UF POLLEN INCOMPATIBILITY BT BREEDING METHODS RT MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY POLLINATION Indian meal moth USE PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA -157-

Indian millet USE COMMON MILLET Indian millet (South) USE FINGER MILLET INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID B UF HETEROAUXIN IAA INDOLYLACETIC ACID BT AUXINS INDOLE-3-ACETONITRILE B UF IAN BT AUXINS Indolylacetic acid USE INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID Induced mutation USE MUTATION INDUSTRIAL USES G UF NON-FOOD PRODUCTS BT USES rn ADHESIVES DYES INK THICKENERS MINERAL REFINING PAPERMAKING ORNAMENTS TEXTILE SIZING

INDUSTRIALIZATION J BT DEVELOPMENT RT MECHANIZATION WASTE UTILIZATION INFECTION E RT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS Inferior palea USE LEMMA -158-

INFLORESCENCES B BT PLANT ANATOMY NT PANICLES PEDICELS SPIKELETS RT INFRUCTESCENCES

INFORMATION SCIENCE J NT COMMUNICATION DOCUMENT AT! ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS

INFORMATION SYSTEMS J BT INFORMATION SCIENCE

INFRUCTESCENCES B BT PLANT ANATOMY NT GRAIN RT INFLORESCENCES INHERITANCE c UF HERITABILITY NT QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE RT BREEDING CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE GENES HEREDITY Inheritance (cytoplasmic) USE CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE Inheritance (extra-nuclear) USE CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE Inheritance (non-mendelian) USE CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE Inheritance (polygenic) USE QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE Inheritance (quantitative) USE QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE -159-

INJURIOUS INSECTS E SN Restrict specific names to important insect pests, and enter all others under this descriptor or under the appropriate NT UF INSECT PESTS INSECTS (NOXIOUS) NT COLEOPTERA DERMAPTERA DIPTERA HEMIPTERA ISOPTERA LEP IDOPTERA ORTHOPTERA RT ENTOMOLOGY INSECT CONTROL INSECT TRANSMISSION VECTORS INJURIOUS MITES E UF ACARINA ERIOPHYIDS GALL MITES MITE PESTS MITES (NOXIOUS) RED SPIDER MITES SPIDER MITES TETRANYCHIDS BT NOXIOUS ANIMALS NT ACARUS SIRO OLIGONYCHUS INDICUS TETRANYCHUS SPP RT ENTOMOLOGY MITE CONTROL InJurious nematodes USE NEMATODES INK THICKENERS G UF THICKENERS (INK) BT INDUSTRIAL USES INORGANIC NITROGEN D BT NITROGEN -160-

INPC USE PROPHAM INSECT AGENTS E SN Arthropods used in b1olog1cal control BT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL NT PARASITIC INSECTS PARASITIC MITES PREDACIOUS INSECTS PREDACIOUS MITES RT ENTOMOLOGY

INSECT BEHAVIOUR E UF BEHAVIOUR (INSECT) HABITS (INSECT) BT INSECT BIOLOGY

INSECT BIO LOGY E UF BIOLOGY (INSECT) BIOLOGY (MITE) INSECT LIFE CYCLES LIFE CYCLES (INSECT) MITE BIO LOGY BT ENTOMOLOGY NT INSECT BEHAVIOUR INSECT BIONOMICS INSECT POPULATIONS INSECT BIONOMICS E UF BIONOMICS (INSECT) BIONOMICS (MITE) MITE BIONOMICS BT INSECT BIOLOGY INSECT CONTROL E UF CONTROL (INSECT) BT PEST CONTROL NT INSECTICIDES RT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ENTOMOLOGY INJURIOUS INSECTS Insect life cycles USE INSECT BIOLOGY -161-

Insect pests USE INJURIOUS INSECTS INSECT POPULATIONS E UF MITE POPULATIONS POPULATION DYNAMICS (INSECT) BT INSECT BIOLOGY Insect resistance of plants USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE INSECT TRANSMISSION E SN Transmission of pathogens by insects BT DISEASE TRANSMISSION RT INJURIOUS INSECTS VECTORS Insecticide resistance USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE

INSECTICIDES E UF BUG-KILLERS BT INSECT CONTROL PESTICIDES NT ALDRIN AMINOCARB AZINPHOS-ETHYL AZINPHOS-METHYL BHC BROMOPHOS BUTONATE CAMPHECHLOR CARBARYL CHLORB ICY CL EN CHLORDANE CHLOROPICRIN COUMAPHOS DDT DEMETON-0 DEMETON-0-METHYL DIAZINON DICHLORVOS DIELDRIN -162-

(INSECT! CIDES) (NT) DIMEFOX DIMETHOATE DINOSAM DISULFOTON DNOC ENDOSULFAN ENDOTHION ENDRIN FENCHLORPHOS HEPTACHLOR LINDANE MALATHION MECARBAM ME NAZ ON METHOXYCHLOR MEVINPHOS NA LED NICOTINE PARATHION PHORATE PHOSPHAMIDON PYRETHRINS ROT ENO NE SCHRADAN TEPP THIOMETON Insects (noxious) USE INJURIOUS INSECTS Insects (paras1t1c) USE PARASITIC INSECTS Insects (predac1ous) USE PREDACIOUS INSECTS Insects (predatory) USE PREDACIOUS INSECTS INSTITUTIONS J UF RESEARCH STATIONS GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS -163-

Insulating boards USE WALLBOARDS INTEGRATED CONTROL E UF CONTROL (INTEGRATED) MANAGEMENT (PEST) PEST MANAGEMENT RT PEST CONTROL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Intercropping USE MIXED CROPP ING Intercrops USE ROTATIONAL CROPS International trade USE TRADE INTERN ODES B BT STEMS Interplanting USE MIXED CROPP ING INTERSPECIFIC STERILITY c UF STERILITY (INTERSPECIFIC) BT BREEDING METHODS Intoxification USE TOXICITY Introduction (plant) USE PLANT INTRODUCTION Invertase USE SUCRASE IOXYNIL E BT HERB IC IDES I PAZ I NE E BT HERBICIDES -164-

Ipomoea batatas USE SWEET POTATOES IPPC USE PROPHAM

IRON D UF Fe BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS IRRADIATION C UF GAMMA-IRRADIATION RADIATION (GAMMA) RT BREEDING METHODS IRRIGATION D BT WATER MANAGEMENT NT BASIN IRRIGATION FLOOD IRRIGATION FURROW IRRIGATION SPRAY IRRIGATION RT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT D UF WATERING EQUIPMENT BT FARM IMPLEMENTS RT IRRIGATION ISOLATION C SN Protection of plants from unwanted pollination BT BREEDING METHODS RT POLLINATION ISOLEUCINE F BT AMINO ACIDS ISOPTERA E UF TERMITES BT INJURIOUS INSECTS !ta 1ian mi 11 et USE FOXTAIL MILLET -165-

Japanese barnyard millet USE JAPANESE MILLET

JAPANESE MILLET A UF BARNYARD MILLET BARNYARD MILLET (JAPANESE) BHARTI BILLION DOLLAR GRASS GRASS (BILLION DOLLAR) JAPANESE BARNYARD MILLET MILLET (BARNYARD) MILLET (JAPANESE) MILLET (JAPANESE BARNYARD) MILLET (SANWA) SAMA SANWA MILLET BT GRAIN MILLETS RT ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA Job 1 s tears USE COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI JOHNSON GRASS A UF ALEPPO GRASS GRASS (ALEPPO) GRASS (JOHNSON) BT FEED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM HALEPENSE HALEPENSE Jugo bean USE BAMBARRA GROUNDNUTS Jungle rice USE SHAMA MILLET -166-

K USE POTASSIUM Kaffirs USE KAFIRS Kafir corn USE KAFIRS Kafi rm USE PROLAMINES KAFIRS A UF CORN (KAFIR) KAFFIRS KAFIR CORN BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM KALI G SN Cracked grain cooked as porridge and dumpling BT PORRIDGES Kang USE FOXTAIL MILLET Kangi USE FOXTAIL MILLET Kangni USE FOXTAIL MILLET KAOLIANGS A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHU~ BICOLOR NERVOSUM Kaon rice USE FOXTAIL MILLET Karathane USE DINOCAP Karmex USE DIURON -167-

Karyokrnesis USE MITOSIS Katabolism USE CATABOLISM Keeping qualities USE DETERIORATION Kelthane USE DICOFOL Keys (botanical) USE IDENTIFICATION Khapra beetle USE TROGODERMA GRANARIUM KHARIF SEASON D BT SEASONS RT AUTUMN KIDNEY BEANS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF BEANS FRI JOLES HAR I COT PHASEOLUS VULGARIS BT GRAIN LEGUMES KIKUYU GRASS A UF GRASS (KIKUYU) BT FEED MILLETS RT PENNISETUM CLANDESTINUM KINETIN B UF 6-FURFURYL-AMINOPURINE BT CYTOKININS Knives (harvesting) USE REAPING KNIVES Knives (reaping) USE REAPING KNIVES -168-

Kodaka USE KODO MILLET KODO MILLET A UF ARIKELU HARAKA HARIK KODAKA KODRA MILLET KODU KOR DA MILLET (KODO) MILLET (KODRA) VARAGU BT GRAIN MILLETS RT PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM Kedra millet USE KODO MILLET Ko du USE KODO MILLET KOKO G SN Sorghum or millet gruel cooked with wet lumps of flour (W Africa) BT PORRIDGES Kongoni USE FOXTAIL MILLET Korakan USE FINGER MILLET Korda USE KODO MILLET Karlan USE FENCHLORPHOS Korra USE FOXTAIL MILLET Kurakkan USE FINGER t-1ILLET -169-

Labor USE LABOUR

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS J BT RESEARCH LABOUR H UF LABOUR MANPOWER WORKERS BT ECONOMICS RT COSTS LACTIC ACID F BT FERMENTATION PRODUCTS Lac to fl a vrn USE RIBOFLAVIN

Lady 1 s finger USE OKRA Laevulose USE FRUCTOSE LAMBS G BT SHEEP Land clearing USE CLEARING LAND PREPARATION D NT CLEARING PLACEMENT SUBSOILING TILLING RT CULTIVATION LAPHYGMA EXEMPTA E BT LEP IDOPTERA Laphygma ex1gua USE SPODOPTERA EXIGUA -170-

Larvac1de USE CHLOROPICRIN Later1t1c soils USE OX I SOLS LATITUDE D RT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LAURIC ACID F UF DODECANO IC AC ID BT FATTY ACIDS Leaf USE LEAVES LEAF AREA INDEX B BT LEAVES RT PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA Leaf blast USE PIRICULARIA SETARIAE LEAF SPOT E BT MY COSES RT CURVULARIA PENNISETI LEAVES B UF LEAF BT PLANT ANATOMY NT LEAF AREA INDEX STOMATA RT MESOPHYLL PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM PLUMULE Legumes (grain) USE GRAIN LEGUMES LEMMA B UF INFERIOR PALEA BT FLORETS -171-

Lens culinar1s USE LENTILS Lens esculenta USE LENTILS LENTILS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF CICER LENS DHAL (RED) LENS CULINARIS LENS ESCULENTA RED DHAL BT GRAIN LEGUMES LEPIDOPTERA E UF BUTTER FL! ES MOTHS BT INJURIOUS INSECTS NT ACIGONA IGNEFUSALIS AMSACTA SPP BUSSEOLA FUSCA CHILO PARTELLUS CORCYRA CEPHALONICA CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA DIATRAEA CRAMBIDOIDES ELDANA SACCHARINA EUBLEMMA SILICULANA HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA HEL IOTHIS ZEA LAPHYGMA EXEMPTA MARASMIA TRAPEZALIS MASALIA SPP MYTHIMNA SEPARATA PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA PROCERAS ARGYROLEPIDUS SESAMIA CALAMISTIS SE SAMIA CRETI CA SESAMIA INFERENS SITOTROGA CEREALELLA SPODOPTERA EXEMPTA SPODOPTERA EXIGUA -172-

Lesser armyworm USE SPODOPTERA EXIGUA Lesser grain borer USE RHIZOPERTHA DOMINICA LETHAL GENES C BT GENES LEUCINE F BT AMINO ACIDS LEUCOPLASTS C BT PLASTIDS LEY FARMING D SN Rotation of arable crops with two or more years of sown pasture BT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS RT ROTATIONAL CROPPING Life cycles (insect) USE INSECT BIOLOGY LIGHT D BT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS NT LIGHT ENERGY LIGHT INTENSITY RT LIGHT EFFECTS SHADE LIGHT EFFECTS D BT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS RT DAYLENGTH LIGHT LIGHT ENERGY D UF SOLAR ENERGY BT LIGHT RT PHOTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION LIGHT INTENSITY D BT LIGHT -173-

LIME D BT FERTILIZERS RT CALCIUM Limits (permitted) USE PESTICIDE TOLERANCES LIN DANE E BT INSECTICIDES RT BHC

L mes USE CULTIVARS LINOLEIC ACID F UF ALPHA-LINOLEIC ACID CIS-9,CIS-12-0CTADECADIENOIC ACID BT FATTY ACIDS LINOLENIC ACIDS F BT FATTY ACIDS LIPID CONTENT F UF FAT CONTENT OIL CONTENT BT COMPOSITION NT FA TTY AC IDS PHOSPHOLIP IDS WAXES RT LIPO-PROTEIN OILS LIPO-PROTEIN F RT LIPID CONTENT LIPOXYGENASE PROTEIN CONTENT Lipox1dase USE LIPOXYGENASE LIPOXYGENASE F UF LIPOXIDASE BT ENZYMES RT LIPO-PROTEIN OXYGEN PALATABILITY -174-

LITTLE MILLET A UF GONDULI HEEN MENERI MILLET (LITT LE) MILLET (SMALL) SAMA I SAMALU SAVE SAWAN SH EVAN SMALL MILLET BT GRAIN MILLETS RT PANICUM MILIARE LIVE MULCHES D UF GREEN MULCHES MULCHES (GREEN) MULCHES (LIVE) BT MULCHES RT COVER CROPS Livestock USE DOMESTIC ANIMALS Livestock feeds USE FEEDS AND FEEDING LOAMS D BT SOILS Locust (desert) USE SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA Locust (migratory) USE LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA Locust (red) USE NOMADACRIS SEPTEMFASCIATA LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA E UF AFRICAN MIGRATORY LOCUST LOCUST (MIGRATORY) MIGRATORY LOCUST BT ORTHOPTERA -175-

Locusts USE ORTHOPTERA LODGING D BT PLANT WEATHERING Long smut USE TOLYPOSPORIUM EHRENBERG!! LONGIUNGUIS SACCHARI E BT HOMO PT ERA Loose smut USE SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA Loss of crop USE CROP LOSSES Loss of nutrients USE NUTRIENT LOSS

Loss of y1 el d USE YIELD LOSS LYGUS SPP E BT HETEROPTERA LYSINE F BT AMINO ACIDS RT HIGH LYSINE CONTENT -176-

Machetes USE REAPING KNIVES

MACRONUTRIENTS D RT PLANT NUTRITION MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI E UF CHARCOAL ROT HOLLOW STEM RHIZOCTONIA BATATICOLA SCLEROTIUM BATATICOLA BT MYCOSES

MAGNESIUM D UF Mg BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA Maha meneri USE COMMON MILLET MAIZE D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF CORN (N American usage) BT CEREALS

MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS E UF CORN DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS MDMV BT VIROSES Maize lanternfly USE PEREGRINUS MAIDIS Maize leaf aphid USE RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS MAIZE STREAK DISEASE VIRUS E UF CORN STREAK DISEASE VIRUS STREAK DISEASE BT VIROSES MAJOR GENES c BT GENES -177-

MALATHION E UF MALATHON BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Malathon USE MALATHION MALE STERILITY c UF STERILITY (MALE) BT BREEDING METHODS MALEIC HYDRAZIDE E BT HERBICIDES MALNUTRITION G BT NUTRITION RT HEALTH MALT F BT FERMENTATION PRODUCTS RT BEER BREWING MALTING MALTASE F BT ENZYMES RT MALTOSE MALTING F BT PROCESSING RT MALT MALTOSE F BT SUGARS RT GLUCOSE MALTASE Management (pest) USE INTEGRATED CONTROL Management (water) USE WATER MANAGEMENT -178-

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES D RT AGRONOMY CULTIVATION CULTIVATION SYSTEMS Mandal USE FINGER MILLET MA NEB E UF DITHANE M-22 BT FUNGICIDES

MANGANESE D UF Mn BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS Manioc USE CASSAVA Manpower USE LABOUR

MANURES D BT NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS NT DUNG GREEN MANURES RT HUMIFICATION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM Manuring (green) USE GREEN ~ANURING MARASMIA TRAPEZALIS E BT LEP IDOPTERA Market USE CONSUMPTION MARKETING H UF SELLING NT CONTRACTUAL SELLING OPEN MARKETING TRADE RT DISTRIBUTION ECONOMICS PRODUCTION -179-

MASA G SN Baked sorghum-flour batter BT BAKED PRODUCTS MASALIA SPP E BT LEPIDOPTERA Matac1l USE AMINOCARB Mates1 USE PEARL MILLET Mating (uncontrolled) USE RANDOM MATING MATURATION B BT PLANT DEVELOPMENT RT FLOl~ERING HEADING Mawele USE PEARL MILLET Maydaceae USE GRAMINEAE-MAYDEAE Maydeae USE GRAMINEAE-MAYDEAE Mb USE MOLYBDENUM MCPA E UF 2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BT HERBICIDES MDMV USE MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS MEALS F SN Processed grain BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS RT FEED CONSTITUENTS FOOD PRODUCTS -180-

Mealy bugs USE HOMOPTERA MECARBAM E UF AFOS MURFOTOX PEST AN BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES MECHANICAL DAMAGE F UF DAMAGE (MECHANICAL) BT DETERIORATION

MECHANIZATION J RT CULTIVATION INDUSTRIALIZATION PROCESSING

MECHANIZED HARVESTING D UF HARVESTING (MECHANIZED) RT COMBINE HARVESTING MEIOSIS c UF REDUCTION DIVISION BT CELL-DIVISION MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ACRITA E BT NEMATODES MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA E BT NEMATODES ME NAZ ON E UF SAYFOS TRIAZINYL PHOSPHATE BT INSECTICIDES Meneri USE COMMON MILLET Merchant grain beetle USE ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR e -181-

MERI STEMS B BT PLANT TISSUES RT CELL-DIVISION MESOPHYLL B RT CHLOROPLASTS LEAVES MESSENGER RNA c UF MRNA BT RNA RT GENETIC CODE POLYPEPTIDES METABOLISM B NT ANABOLISM CATABOLISM RT PHOTOSYNTHESIS METHIONINE F BT AMINO ACIDS Methods ( experi men ta 1 ) USE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Methods (screening) USE EVALUATION Methoxy-DDT USE METHOXYCHLOR METHOXYCHLOR E UF DMDT METHOXY-DDT BT INSECTICIDES 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid USE MCPA Methyl-demeton-0 USE DEMETON-0-METHYL MEVINPHOS E UF PHOSDRIN BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES -182-

Mg USE MAGNESIUM Mice USE RODENTS Microbiology (soil) USE SOIL MICROBIOLOGY

MICRONUTRIENTS D RT PLANT NUTRITION TRACE ELEMENTS

MICROPYLES B BT OVULES RT POLLEN-TUBES Migratory locust USE LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA M1JO comun USE COMMON MILLET Mi JO ragi USE FINGER MILLET Mil a chandelles USE PEARL MILLET Mil chandelle USE PEARL MILLET Mil commun USE COMMON MILLET

Mil d 1 Egypte USE PEARL MILLET Mil gris USE PEARL MILLET Mil perle USE PEARL MILLET -183-

Mildew (downy) USE DOWNY MILDEWS M1ldex USE DINOCAP

MILK G RT BUFFALOES DAIRY CATILE Milk cows USE DAIRY CATTLE Millet (African) USE PEARL MILLET Millet (barnyard) USE JAPANESE MILLET M111 et ( boer) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Millet (broomcorn) USE COMMON MILLET Millet (brown top) USE BROWN TOP MILLET Millet (bulrush) USE PEARL MILLET M1 ll et ( catta 11) USE PEARL MILLET Millet (channel) USE ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA M111 et (common) USE COMMON MILLET M111 et (finger) USE FINGER MILLET Millet (foxtail) USE FOXTAIL MILLET -184-

M1 ll et (French) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Millet (German) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Millet (great) USE CULTIVATED SORGHUMS Millet (hog) USE COMMON MILLET Millet (Hungarian) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Millet (Indian) USE COMMON MILLET Millet (Italian) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Millet (Japanese) USE JAPANESE MILLET Millet (Japanese barnyard) USE JAPANESE MILLET Millet (Koda) USE KODO MILLET M1 ll et ( Kod ra) USE KODO MILLET Millet (little) USE LITTLE MILLET Millet (native) - Australia USE UMBRELLA GRASS Millet (pearl) USE PEARL MILLET M111 et (pro so) USE COMMON MILLET -185-

Millet (Russian) USE COMMON MILLET Millet (Sanwa) USE JAPANESE MILLET Mill et ( Shama) USE SHAMA MILLET Millet (Siberian) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Mill et (small ) USE LITTLE MILLET Millet (South Indian) USE FINGER MILLET Millet (spiked) USE PEARL MILLET Millet stem maggot fly USE ATHERIGONA SOCCATA Millet (Texas) USE PANICUM TEXANUM Millet des oiseaux USE FOXTAIL MILLET MILLETS A NT FEED MILLETS GRAIN MILLETS M1 ll ets (feed) USE FEED MILLETS Mi 11 ets (grain) USE GRAIN MILLETS Millets (grass) USE FEED MILLETS -186-

MILLING F UF GRINDING BT PROCESSING NT DRY MILLING WET MILLING RT MILLS MILLS F UF GRINDERS BT PROCESSING EQUIPMENT RT MILLING Milo disease USE PERICONIA CIRCINATA MILOS A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBGLABRESCENS MINERAL CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION RT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS MINERAL DEFICIENCIES G BT DEFICIENCIES RT CHLOROSIS MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS MINERAL REFINING G UF REFINING (MINERAL) BT INDUSTRIAL USES NT ALUMINIUM REFINING MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS D SN Elemental nutritional requirements of sorghums, millets, man and domestic anima 1s UF NUTRIENTS NT AL UMIN !UM BORON CALCIUM CHLORINE -187-

(MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS) (NT) COPPER IRON MAGNESIUM MANGANESE MOLYBDENUM NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM SODIUM SULPHUR TRACE ELEMENTS ZINC RT FEED CONSTITUENTS MINERAL CONTENT MINERAL DEFICIENCIES PLANT NUTRITION Mite biology USE INSECT BIOLOGY Mite bionomics USE INSECT BIONOMICS MITE CONTROL E UF CONTROL (MITE) BT PEST CONTROL NT ACARICIDES RT BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ENTOMOLOGY INJURIOUS MITES Mite pests USE INJURIOUS MITES Mite populations USE INSECT POPULATIONS Mite resistance of plants USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Mites (noxious) USE INJURIOUS MITES -188-

Mites (parasitic) USE PARASITIC MITES Mites (predacious) USE PREDACIOUS MITES Mites (predatory) USE PREDACIOUS MITES Miticides USE ACARICIDES MITOCHONDRIA c UF CHONDRIOSOMES BT CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES RT ATP MITOSIS c UF KARYOKINESIS BT CELL-DIVISION MIXED CROPPING D UF INTERCROPPING INTERPLANTING BT CROPPING PATTERNS MIXED FARMING D SN Integration of crop and livestock production, including growing fodder crops and returning manure to crop land UF FARMING (MIXED) BT FARMING SYSTEMS MIXED FERTILIZERS D UF FERTILIZER COMPOUNDS BT NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NT AMMONIUM NITRATE AMMONIUM SULPHATE NITRATE CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE RT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS NITRATE FERTILIZERS Mn USE MANGANESE -189-

MODIFIED STARCHES G BT STARCHES MODIFYING GENES c BT GENES Moisture USE WATER REQUIREMENTS MOISTURE EFFECTS D BT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS RT STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MOISTURE TESTS D BT SEED QUALITY Molds USE GRAIN MOULDS MOLYBDENUM D UF Mb BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS MONO-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE D BT PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS RT AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS MONOCULTURE D UF SOLE CROP BT CROPPING PATTERNS Monouron USE MONURON Monsoon season USE WET SEASON MONURON E UF CMU MONOURON BT HERBICIDES MORPHOGENESIS B UF EMBRYOLOGY (PLANT) PLANT EMBRYOLOGY BT PLANT DEVELOPMENT RT DIFFERENTIATION GROWTH -190-

MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY B BT STERILITY RT EMASCULATION INCOMPATIBIL ITV Morphology (plant) USE PLANT ANATOMY MOSAICS E RT MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS Moths USE LEPIDOPTERA Moulds (grain) USE GRAIN MOULDS Moulds (head) USE GRAIN MOULDS Mouse USE RODENTS MOWERS D BT HARVESTING EQUIPMENT mRNA USE MESSENGER RNA

MULCHES D BT MULCHING NT DRY MULCHES LIVE MULCHES STRAW MULCHES Mulches (dry) USE DRY MULCHES Mulches (gravel) USE DRY MULCHES Mulches (green) USE LIVE MULCHES -191-

Mulches (live) USE LIVE MULCHES Mulches (plastic) USE DRY MULCHES Mulches (soi 1) USE SOIL MULCHES Mulches (straw) USE STRAW MULCHES

MULCHING D BT CUL TI VAT ION NT MULCHES RT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS HOEING

MULTIPLE CROPPING D BT CROPPING PATTERNS NT RATOON ING SEQUENTIAL CROPPING MULTI PLICATION D SN Increasing seed of a desired selection UF BULKING UP BT PROPAGATION RT SEED CROPS Munga USE PEARL MILLET Murfotox USE MECARBAM Muriate of potash USE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE Muscatox USE COUMAPHOS MUTAGENS c UF CHEMICAL MUTAGENS NT COLCHICINE ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE RT MUTATION BREEDING -192-

MUTATION c UF INDUCED MUTATION BT BREEDING RT MUTATION BREEDING POLYPLOIDY MUTATION BREEDING c BT BREEDING METHODS RT MUTAGENS MUTATION Muti 1 USE PEARL MILLET Mycoplasmal diseases USE MYCOPLASMOSES MYCOPLASMOSES E UF DISEASES (MYCOPLASMAL) MYCOPLASMAL DISEASES BT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS MYCOSES E SN Includes pathogens Restrict NTs to important diseases or pathogens, and enter others under this des criptor UF DISEASES (FUNGAL) FUNGAL DISEASES BT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS NT ASCOCHYTA SORGHINA CERCOSPORA SORGHI CEREBELLA SORGHI-VULGARIS CLAVICEPS SPP COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA CURVULARIA PENNISETI DOWNY MILDEWS ERGOT GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI GLOEOCERCOSPORA SORGHI GRAIN MOULDS HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM LEAF SPOT -193-

(MYCOSES) (NT) MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI PERICONIA CIRCINATA PIRICULARIA SETARIAE PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS RAMULISPORA SORGHI RUSTS SEEDLING BLIGHT SPHACELIA SORGHI SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA SPHACELOTHECA REILIANA SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI STALK ROT TOLYPOSPORIUM EHRENBERG!! TOLYPOSPORIUM PENICILLARIAE RT DETERIORATION

MYLABRIS PUSTULATA E BT COLEOPTERA MYLLOCERUS SPP E BT COLEOPTERA MYRISTIC ACID F UF TETRADECANOIC ACID BT FATTY ACIDS MYTHIMNA SEPARATA E BT LEP IDOPTERA -194-

N USE NITROGEN Na USE SODIUM NABAM E UF DITHANE D-14 PARZATE BT FUNGICIDES Nachni USE FINGER MILLET NADIDA G SN Thin millet gruel BT PORRIDGES Nagli USE FINGER MILLET NALED E UF DIBROM BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Names {pl ant) USE NOMENCLATURE NAPIER GRASS A UF ELEPHANT GRASS GRASS (ELEPHANT) GRASS {NAPIER) BT FEED MILLETS RT PENNISETUM PURPUREUM NATAL GRASS A UF GRASS (NATAL) BT FEED MILLETS RT PENNISETUM UNISETUM Native millet - Australia USE UMBRELLA GRASS -195-

Natural distribution USE PLANT GEOGRAPHY Navane USE FOXTAIL MILLET NEBURON E BT HERBICIDES Necklaces USE ORNAMENTS Nematicide resistance USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE

NEMATIC IDES E UF NEMATOCIDES BT NEMATODE CONTROL PESTICIDES NT CHLOROPICRIN Nematocides USE NEMATICIDES NEMATODE CONTROL E UF CONTROL (EELWORM) BT PEST CONTROL NT NEMATICIDES RT NEMATODES Nematode resistance of plants USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE NEMATODE TRANSMISSION E SN Transmission of pathogens by eelworms BT DISEASE TRANSMISSION RT NEMATODES VECTORS NEMATODES E UF EELWORMS INJURIOUS NEMATODES BT NOXIOUS ANIMALS -196-

(NEMATODES) NT BELONOLAIMUS SPP HETERODERA SPP HOPLOLAIMUS SPP MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ACRITA MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA TYLENCHUS SPP RT NEMATODE CONTROL NEMATODE TRANSMISSION NEZARA VIRIDULA E UF GREEN PLANT BUG GREEN STINK BUG SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG BT HETEROPTERA N1 acin USE NICOTINIC ACID NICOTINE E BT INSECTICIDES NICOTINIC ACID F UF NIACIN BT VITAMIN CONTENT

NITRATE FERTILIZERS D BT NITROGEN FERTILIZERS NT CALCIUM NITRATE POTASSIUM NITRATE SODIUM NITRATE RT MIXED FERTILIZERS N1trochloroform USE CHLOROPICRIN NITROGEN D UF N BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS NT INORGANIC NITROGEN SOIL NITROGEN RT MANURES NITROGEN FERTILIZERS PROTEINS -197-

NITROGEN CONTENT F BT COMPOS IT ION NT PROTEIN NITROGEN CONTENT TOTAL NITROGEN NITROGEN FERTILIZERS D BT FERTILIZERS NT AMIDE FERTILIZERS AMMONIUM FERTILIZERS MIXED FERTILIZERS NITRATE FERTILIZERS RT NITROGEN NITROGEN FIXATION D RT RHIZOSPHERE SOIL FLORA SOIL NITROGEN Nitrogen solubility index USE NSI NJera USE FINGER MILLET NO-TILLAGE D UF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ZERO TILLAGE RT TILLING NODES B BT STEMS NT GROWTH RINGS NOMADACRIS SEPTEMFASCIATA E UF LOCUST (RED) RED LOCUST BT ORTHOPTERA NOMENCLATURE A UF NAMES (PLANT) PLANT NAMES RT TAXONOMY Non-food products USE INDUSTRIAL USES -198-

Non-mendelian inheritance USE CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE NONPERSISTENT VIRUSES E BT VIRUS TRANSMISSION Northern leaf blight USE HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM NOXIOUS ANIMALS E BT PESTS NT BIRDS INJURIOUS INSECTS INJURIOUS MITES NEMATODES RODENTS RT STORED PRODUCTS PESTS NSI F UF NITROGEN SOLUBILITY INDEX RT PROTEIN CONTENT Nuclear division USE CELL-DIVISION NUCLEIC ACIDS c NT DNA RNA NUCLEOLUS c BT NUCLEUS RT CHROMOSOMES NUCLEOTIDES c RT GENETIC CODE PURINES PYRIMIDINES SUGARS NUCLEUS c BT CELL STRUCTURE NT CHROMOSOMES NUCLEOLUS RT CELL-DIVISION -199-

NUMERICAL TAXONOMY A UF TAXONOMY (NUMERICAL) BT TAXONOMY NUTRIENT IMPROVEMENT c BT BREEDING AIMS RT PROTEIN QUALITY NUTRIENT LOSS G UF LOSS OF NUTRIENTS BT NUTRITION RT NUTRITIVE VALUE PROCESSING

NUTRIENT UPTAKE D UF UPTAKE (NUTRIENT) BT PLANT NUTRITION RT TRANSLOCATION Nutrients USE MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS NUTRITION G SN Of man and domestic animals in relation to sorghum or millet diets UF ANIMAL NUTRITION HUMAN NUTRITION NT CALORIC VALUE DIETS MALNUTRITION NUTRIENT LOSS NUTRITIVE VALUE RT ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY COOKING FEEDS AND FEEDING FOOD PRODUCTS HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Nutrition (plant) USE PLANT NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS D SN Of sorghums and millets BT CULTIVATION NT FERTILIZERS MANURES RT PLANT NUTRITION PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SOIL FERTILITY -200-

Nutritional value USE NUTRITIVE VALUE NUTRITIVE VALUE G UF FOOD VALUE NUTRITIONAL VALUE BT NUTRITION NT PER RT COMPOSITION DIETARY VALUE NUTRIENT LOSS -201-

0 USE OXYGEN Octachlor USE CHLORDANE cis-9,cis-12-0ctadecadienoic acid USE LINOLEIC ACID Octadecanoic acid USE STEARIC ACID cis-9-0ctadecenoic acid USE OLEIC ACID Oil content USE LIPID CONTENT

OIL EXTRACTION F UF EXTRACTION (OIL) BT PROCESSING RT OILS OILS F BT FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSED PRODUCTS NT SORGHUM OIL RT LIPID CONTENT OIL EXTRACTION OKRA D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS LADY Is FINGER BT ROTATIO~AL CROPS OLEIC ACID F UF CIS-9-0CTADECENOIC ACID BT FATTY ACIDS

OLIGONYCHUS INDICUS E UF CHOLAM MITE BT INJURIOUS MITES -202-

OMPA USE SCHRADAN

OPEN MARKETING H BT MARKET ING OPEN POLLINATION c RT POLLINATION RANDOM MATING Oplismenus frumentaceus USE ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA Organelles USE CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES ORGANIC MATTER D BT SOILS RT HUMIFICATION Organoleptic examination USE PALATABILITY Ori gin (pl ant) USE CENTRE OF ORIGIN

ORNAMENTS G UF NECKLACES ROSARIES BT INDUSTRIAL USES Orthocide 406 USE CAPTAN ORTHOPTERA E UF CRICKETS GRASSHOPPERS LOCUSTS BT INJURIOUS INSECTS NT AIOLOPUS SIMULATRIX CHROTOGONUS TRACHYPTERUS COLEMANIA SPHENARIOIDES LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA NOMADACRIS SEPTEMFASCIATA PATANGA SUCCINCTA SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA -203-

ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR E UF MERCHANT GRAIN BEETLE BT COlEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS E UF SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE BT COLEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS OVARIES B BT PISTIL NT OVULES RT PERI CARP Overhead irr1gat1on USE SPRAY IRRIGATION Ovex USE CHLORFENSON Ovotran USE CHLORFENSON OVULES B BT OVARIES NT MICROPYLES RT GAMETES OX I SOLS D UF LATERITIC SOILS BT SOILS OXYGEN D UF 0 BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIPOXYGENASE -204- p USE PHOSPHORUS

PACKAGING F BT PROCESSING RT DISTRIBUTION

PALATABILITY G UF FLAVOUR ORGANOLEPTIC EXAMINATION TASTE BT DIETARY VALUE RT FLAVOUR RETENTION LIPOXYGENASE

PALEA B UF SUPERIOR PALEA BT FLORETS PALMITIC ACID F UF HEXADECANOIC ACID BT FATTY ACIDS Pam varagu USE COMMON MILLET Panicaceae USE GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE Paniceae USE GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE Pan1cle characters USE HEAD CHARACTERS PAN I CL ES B BT INFLORESCENCES PAN I CUM A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM PANICUM ITALICUM PANICUM MAXIMUM PANICUM MILIACEUM PANICUM MILIARE PANICUM PURPUREUM PANICUM STAGNINUM PANICUM TEXANUM PANICUM VIRGATUM -205-

Pani cum burg1 i USE PANICUM STAGNINUM Pan1cum crus-gall1 USE ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA Pan1cum crus-gall1 frumentaceum USE ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM A UF PANICUM LAEVINODE PANICUM PROLIFERUM BT PANIC UM RT UMBRELLA GRASS Pan1cum frumentaceum USE ECHINOCHLOA FRUMENTACEA Pan1cum h1span1cum USE SETARIA ITALICA PANICUM ITALICUM A BT PAN I CUM RT AWA Pan1cum laev1node USE PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM PANICUM MAXIMUM A BT PAN I CUM RT GUINEA GRASS PANICUM MILIACEUM A BT PAN I CUM RT COMMON MILLET PANICUM MILIARE A UF PANICUM SUMATRENSE BT PAN I CUM RT LITTLE MILLET Pan1cum prol1ferum USE PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM -206-

Pan1cum purpurascens USE PANICUM PURPUREUM PANICUM PURPUREUM A UF PANICUM PURPURASCENS BT PAN I CUM RT PARA GRASS Pam cum ramosum USE BRACHIARIA RAMOSA PANICUM STAGNINUM A UF SANTI ECHINOCHLOA STAGNINA PANICUM BURGII BT PANIC UM Pan1cum sumatrense USE PANICUM MILIARE PANICUM TEXANUM A UF MILLET (TEXAS) TEXAS MILLET BT PANIC UM PANICUM VIRGATUM A BT PAN I CUM RT SWITCH GRASS PANTOTHENIC ACID F BT VITAMIN CONTENT PAPERMAKING G BT INDUSTRIAL USES NT PULP PARA GRASS A UF GRASS (PARA) BT FEED MILLETS RT PANICUM PURPUREUM PARAQUAT E BT HERBICIDES -207-

PARASITIC INSECTS E UF INSECTS (PARASITIC) BT INSECT AGENTS RT PARASITISM PARASITIC MITES E UF MITES (PARASITIC) BT INSECT AGENTS RT PARASITISM PARASITIC PLANTS E RT PARASITISM STRIGA PARASITISM B BT BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION RT PARASITIC INSECTS PARASITIC MITES PARASITIC PLANTS PARATHION E UF THIOPHOS BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Particle boards USE WALLBOARDS Parzate USE NABAM PAS PAL UM A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT PASPALUM CONJUGATUM PASPALUM DILATATUM PASPALUM NOTATUM PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM PASPALUM CONJUGATUM A BT PAS PAL UM RT HILO GRASS PASPALUM DILATATUM A BT PAS PAL UM RT DALLIS GRASS -208-

PASPALUM NOTATUM A BT PAS PAL UM RT BAHIA GRASS PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM A BT PAS PAL UM RT KODO MILLET Pasturage USE FORAGE PASTURING D BT HARVESTING RT FORAGE PATANGA SUCCINCTA E BT ORTHOPTERA Patentkali USE SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA Pathogens USE DISEASES AND PATHOGENS Pathology (plant) USE PLANT PATHOLOGY Patterns (cropping) USE CROPPING PATTERNS Patterns (dietary) USE DIETARY PATTERNS Patterns (rainfall) USE RAINFALL PATTERNS PCP USE PENTACHLOROPHENOL PCP BS USE FEN SON POI F UF PROTEIN DISPERSIBILITY INDEX RT PROTEIN CONTENT -209-

Peanut USE GROUNDNUTS PEARL MILLET A UF AFRICAN MILLET BAB ALA BAJ RA BAJ RI BECHNA BULRUSH MILLET BULTUC CAMBU CATTAIL MILLET CUMBU DOU GO UP ENELE GERO GREMIL OFFICINEL MATES I MAWELE MIL A CHANDELLES MIL CHANDELLE MIL D'EGYPTE MIL GRIS MIL PERLE MILLET (AFRICAN) MILLET (BULRUSH) MILLET (CATTAIL) MILLET (PEARL) MILLET (SPIKED) MUN GA MUTIL PETIT MIL SAJJALU SPIKED MILLET BT GRAIN MILLETS RT PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES PEARLED GRAIN F UF GRAIN (PEARLED) BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS

PEARLING F UF DECORTICATION DEHULLING BT PROCESSING -210-

PEDICELS B BT INFLORESCENCES Ped1gree1ng USE SELECTION PEDOCLIMATIC FACTORS D RT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS SOIL REQUIREMENTS PELLETING D UF SEED PELLETING BT PLACEMENT RT SEED TREATMENT PENNISETUM A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT PENNISETUM ADOENSE PENNISETUM CENTROIDES PENNISETUM CLANDESTINUM PENNISETUM GYMNOTHRIX PENNISETUM PURPUREUM PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES PENNISETUM UNISETUM PENNISETUM VERSICOLOR PENNISETUM VIOLACEUM PENNISETUM ADOENSE A BT PENNISETUM Penn1setum amer1canum USE PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES PENNISETUM CENTROIDES A UF CENCHRUS CATHARTICUS BT PENNISETUM PENNISETUM CLANDESTINUM A BT PENNISETUM RT KIKUYU GRASS Penn1setum glaucum USE PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES -211-

PENNISETUM GYMNOTHRIX A BT PENNISETUM PENNISETUM PURPUREUM A BT PENNISETUM RT NAPIER GRASS Penn1setum sp1catum USE PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES A UF PENNISETUM AMERICANUM PENNISETUM GLAUCUM PENNISETUM SPICATUM PENNISETUM TYPHOIDEUM BT PENNISETUM RT PEARL MILLET Penn1setum typho1deum USE PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES PENNISETUM UNISETUM A BT PENNISETUM RT NATAL GRASS PENNISETUM VERSICOLOR A BT PENNISETUM PENNISETUM VIOLACEUM A BT PENNISETUM PENTACHLOROPHENOL E UF CHLOROPHEN PCP SANTOBRITE BT HERBICIDES PEPTIDES c NT POLYPEPTIDES RT AMINO ACIDS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PER G UF PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO BT NUTRITIVE VALUE RT PROTEIN CONTENT PROTEIN QUALITY -212-

PEREGRINUS MAIDIS E UF CORN LANTERNFLY MAIZE LANTERNFLY BT HOMOPTERA PERI CARP B BT GRAIN RT OVARIES PERICONIA CIRCINATA E UF MILO DISEASE PERICONIA ROOT ROT BT MYCOSES Per1con1a root rot USE PERICONIA CIRCINATA PERMANENT ROOTS B BT ROOTS Permitted 11m1ts USE PESTICIDE TOLERANCES PERSISTENT VIRUSES E BT VIRUS TRANSMISSION PEST CONTROL E UF CONTROL (PEST) BT PLANT PROTECTION NT DISEASE CONTROL INSECT CONTROL MITE CONTROL NEMATODE CONTROL RODENT CONTROL RT HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE INTEGRATED CONTROL PEST CONTROL METHODS PESTICIDES PESTS PEST CONTROL METHODS E UF CONTROL METHODS (PEST) BT PLANT PROTECTION -213-

(PEST CONTROL METHODS) NT DUSTING FUMIGATION PHYSICAL METHODS PLANT QUARANTINE SEED TREATMENT SOIL TREATMENT SPRAYING RT PEST CONTROL Pest management USE INTEGRATED CONTROL Pestan USE MECARBAM PESTICIDE EFFECTS E BT ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS NT PHYTOTOXICITY RT PESTICIDES PESTICIDE RESIDUES E UF RESIDUES (PESTICIDE) RT PESTICIDES

PESTICIDE RESISTA~CE E SN Resistance of pest or disease organisms to pest1c1des UF ACARICIDE RESISTANCE FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE NEMATICIDE RESISTANCE RESISTANCE (OF PATHOGENS TO PESTICIDES) RESISTANCE (OF PESTS TO PESTICIDES) RESISTANCE (OF WEEDS TO HERBICIDES) RESISTANCE (PESTICIDE) RT PESTICIDES PESTICIDE TOLERANCES E SN Upper limits of residues or application rates prescribed by law for use of pesticides on grains, not the tolerance of organisms to pesticides, for which see PESTICIDE RESISTANCE -214-

(PESTICIDE TOLERANCES) UF LIMITS (PERMITTED) PERMITTED LIMITS STANDARDS OF IDENTITY RT PESTICIDES PUBLIC HEALTH

PESTICIDES E NT ACARICIDES FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES INSECTICIDES NEMATIC IDES RODENTICIDES SYSTEMIC PESTICIDES RT PEST CONTROL PESTICIDE EFFECTS PESTICIDE RESIDUES PESTICIDE RESISTANCE PESTICIDE TOLERANCES Pestox 14 USE DIMEFOX PESTS E SN Note that this descriptor embraces all inJurious organisms NT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS NOXIOUS ANIMALS WEEDS RT CROP LOSSES DETERIORATION ECOLOGY HOST RANGE PEST CONTRClL Pests of stored products USE STORED PRODUCTS PESTS PET FOODS F BT PROCESSED PRODUCTS Petit mil USE PEARL MILLET -215-

pH D UF ACIDITY ALKALINITY HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION RT SOIL REACTIONS STRESS FACTORS PHASED PLANTING D UF STAGGERED PLANTING BT CROPPING PATTERNS Phaseolus vulgar1s USE KIDNEY BEANS

PHENOLIC CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION NT TANNIN CONTENT PHENOLOGY B RT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS ECOLOGY PLANT PHYSIOLOGY PHENOTYPES D RT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS PHENYLALANINE F BT AMINO ACIDS PHLOEM B BT VASCULAR TISSUES Phoma terrestr1s USE PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS PHORATE E UF THI MET BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Phosdr1n USE MEVINPHOS PHOSPHAMIDON E UF DIMECRON BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES -216-

PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS D BT FERTILIZERS NT BASIC SLAG DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE MONO-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE RHENANIAPHOSPHATE SUPERPHOSPHATE RT PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHOLIPIDS F BT LIPID CONTENT PHOSPHORUS D UF P BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT MANURES PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS Phosphorylation (photosynthetic) USE PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION PHOTOPERIOD D RT DAYLENGTH PLANT DEVELOPMENT PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION B UF PHOSPHORYLATION (PHOTOSYNTHETIC) PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOSPHORYLATION BT PHOTOSYNTHESIS RT ADP ATP PHOTOSYNTHESIS B BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES NT CARBON FIXATION PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION RT CHLOROPLASTS LIGHT ENERGY ME SOP HY LL METABOLISM OXYGEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS PLANT ASSIMILATION -217-

PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA B RT LEAF AREA INDEX LEAVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthetic phosphorylation USE PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS B UF PIGMENTS (PHOTOSYNTHETIC) BT PLANT PIGMENTS NT CAROTENOIDS CHLOROPHYLL A CHLOROPHYLL B RT PHOTOSYNTHESIS THYLAKOIDS Phygon USE DICHLONE PHYSICAL METHODS E UF CONTROL METHODS (PHYSICAL) BT PEST CONTROL METHODS RT PLOUGHING ROGUING Physiological disorders (plant) USE PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS Physiological processes (plant) USE PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES Physiology (animal) USE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology (human) USE HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Physiology (plant) USE PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Phytogeography USE PLANT GEOGRAPHY Phytopathology USE PLANT PATHOLOGY -218-

PHYTOTOXI CITV E BT PESTICIDE EFFECTS Picfume USE CHLOROPICRIN PICLORAM E BT HERBICIDES PIGLETS G BT SWINE Pigments (photosynthetic) USE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS Pigments (plant) USE PLANT PIGMENTS Pigs USE SWINE Pink root USE PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS PIRICULARIA SETARIAE E UF BLAST LEAF BLAST BT MY COSES PISTIL B UF GYNOECIUM BT FLORETS NT OVARIES STIGMA STYLE PLACEMENT D UF FERTILIZER PLACEMENT BT LAND PREPARATION NT PELLETING RT FERTILIZERS PLANT ANATOMY B UF ANATOMY (PLANT) MORPHOLOGY (PLANT) PLANT MORPHOLOGY -219-

(PLANT ANATOMY) NT INFLORESCENCES INFRUCTESCENCES LEAVES PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM ROOTS SEEDS STEMS RT PLANT HABIT PLANT ASSIMILATION B UF ASSIMILATION (PLANT) BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES RT PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Plant breeding USE BREEDING Plant class1f1cat1on USE TAXONOMY

PLANT DEVELOPMENT B UF DEVELOPMENT (PLANT) BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGY NT GROWf H MATURATION MORPHOGENESIS RT DEVELOPMENT STAGES PHOTOPERIOD SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT Plant diseases USE DISEASES AND PATHOGENS Plant embryology USE MORPHOGENESIS PLANT EXPLORATION A UF EXPLORATION (PLANT) PLANT HUNTING RT PLANT INTRODUCTION -220-

PLANT FERTILITY B UF FERTILITY (PLANT) NT SELF-FERTILITY RT BREEDING GERMINATION PLANT REPRODUCTION STERILITY PLANT GEOGRAPHY A UF DISTRIBUTION (NATURAL) GEOGRAPHY (PLANT) NATURAL DISTRIBUTION PHYTOGEOGRAPHY NT CENTRE OF ORIGIN RT ECOLOGY HISTORY PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES B UF GROWTH REGULATORS HORMONES (PLA~T) PLANT HORMONES NT AUXINS CYTOKININS GIBBERELLINS RT GROWTH HERBICIDES PLANT HABIT D UF GROWTH-FORM HABIT (PLANT) BT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS NT ERECTNESS HEIGHT RT HABIT IMPROVEMENT PLANT ANATOMY Plant histology USE PLANT TISSUES Plant hormones USE PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES Pl ant hunting USE PLANT EXPLORATION -221-

Plant ident1f1cat1on USE IDENTIFICATION PLANT INTRODUCTION c UF INTRODUCTION (PLANT) BT BREEDING RT GENETIC RESOURCES PLANT EXPLORATION PLANT QUARANTINE Plant lice USE HOMOPTERA Plant morphology USE PLANT ANATOMY Plant movements USE TROPISMS Plant names USE NOMENCLATURE

PLANT NUTRITION D UF NUTRITION (PLANTS) NT NUTRIENT UPTAKE RT MACRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Pl ant or1 gin USE CENTRE OF ORIGIN PLANT PATHOLOGY E UF PATHOLOGY (PLANT) PHYTOPATHOLOGY RT DISEASE CONTROL DISEASES AND PATHOGENS PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS B UF DISEASES (PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL) DISORDERS (PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL) PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS (PLANT) -222-

(PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS) RT ABIOTIC DISEASE AGENTS PLANT PATHOLOGY MINERAL DEFICIENCIES DISEASES AND PATHOGENS PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES B UF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES (PLANT) NT PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANT ASSIMILATIO~ PLANT RESPIRATION TRANSLOCA TI ON TRANSPIRATION RT BIOCHEMISTRY NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PLANT PHYSIOLOGY PLANT PHYSIOLOGY B UF PHYSIOLOGY (PLANT) NT PLANT DEVELOPMENT PLANT REPRODUCTION TROPISMS RT BIOCHEMISTRY PHENOLOGY PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES PLANT PIGMENTS B UF PIGMENTS (PLANT) NT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS PLANT POPULATIONS D UF POPULATIONS (PLANT) RT ECOLOGY SPACING PLANT PROTECTION E UF PROTECTION (PLANT) NT PEST CONTROL PEST CONTROL METHODS WEED CONTROL RT PLANT PROTECTION EQUIPMENT PLANT PROTECTION EQUIPMENT D BT FARM IMPLEMENTS RT PLANT PROTECTION -223-

PLANT QUARANTINE E UF QUARANTINE (PLANT) BT PEST CONTROL METHODS RT PLANT INTRODUCTION PLANT REPRODUCTION B UF REPRODUCTION (PLANT) BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGY NT ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION FERTILISATION POLLINATION RT PLANT FERTILITY PROPAGATION PLANT RESPIRATION B UF RESPIRATION (PLANT) BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES Plant systematics USE TAXONOMY PLANT TISSUES B UF HISTOLOGY (PLANT) PLANT HISTOLOGY TISSUES (PLANT) NT EPIDERMIS MERI STEMS VASCULAR TISSUES PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM B UF VASCULAR SYSTEM (PLANT) BT PLANT ANATOMY RT LEAVES ROOTS STEMS TRANSLOCA TI ON VASCULAR TISSUES PLANT WEATHERING D UF WEATHERING (PLANT) BT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS NT LODGING RT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -224-

Planters (seed) USE SEED DRILLS Planting density USE SPACING Planting distance USE SPACING Planting (seed} USE SOWING PLASMIDS c BT GENETIC ELEMENTS Plastic mulches USE DRY MULCHES PLASTIDS c BT CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES NT CHROMDPLASTS LEUCOPLASTS PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA E UF INDIAN MEAL MOTH BT LEP IDOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS Plot tests USE FIELD EXPERIMENTS PLOUGHING D UF PLOWING BT TILLING RT CULTIVATORS DIGGING PHYSICAL METHODS PLOUGHS PLOUGHS D UF PLOWS BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT PLOUGHING -225-

Pl owing USE PLOUGHING Plows USE PLOUGHS Plucking USE PICKING PLUMULE B BT EMBRYO RT COLEOPTILE LEAVES Poa abyss i m ca USE ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA Poisoning USE TOXICITY Poisons (rat) USE RODENTICIDES Pokkah boeng USE GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI Policies (development) USE DEVELOPMENT Policies (pricing) USE PRICING POLICIES POLLEN B BT ANTHERS RT GAMETES POLLEN TUBES POLLINATION Pollen incompatibility USE INCOMPATIBILITY POLLEN TUBES B RT MICROPYLES POLLEN -226-

POLLINATION B UF ANEMOPHILY WIND POLLINATION BT PLANT REPRODUCTION NT SELF-POLLINATION RT FERTILISATION HAND POLLINATION INCOMPATIBILITY ISOLATION OPEN POLLINATION POLLEN STIGMA Pollution {air) USE AIR POLLUTION POLYGENES c BT GENES Ri COMPLEMENTARY GENES Polygenic inheritance USE QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE POLYMERIC GENES C SN Non-allelic genes of identical, cumulative effect BT GENES RT DUPLICATE GENES POLYPEPTIDES C BT PEPTIDES RT MESSENGER RNA POLYPLOIDY C BT BREEDING METHODS RT MUTATION POP SORGHUM G BT FOOD PRODUCTS Population dynamics (insect) USE INSECT POPULATIONS Populations {plant) USE PLANT POPULATIONS -227-

Porages USE PORRIDGES Porosity (soil) USE SO IL PO ROS ITV PORRIDGES G UF PO RAGES BT CEREAL FOODS NT KALI KOKO NADIDA Potash USE POTASSIUM Potash fertilizers USE POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS POTASSIUM D UF POTASH BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT MANURES POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS POTASSIUM NITRATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE D UF MURIATE OF POTASH BT POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS RT CHLORINE POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS D UF POTASH FERTILIZERS BT FERTILIZERS NT POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM SULPHATE SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA RT POTASSIUM POTASSIUM NITRATE D BT NITRATE FERTILIZERS RT POTASSIUM POTASSIUM SULPHATE D UF SULPHATE OF POTASH BT POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS RT SULPHUR -228-

Potential (biological} USE BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL Potential (productivitY,} USE PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL Pothu meneri USE BROWN TOP MILLET

POULTRY G BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS NT CHICKENS CHICKS TURKEYS RT EGGS Prairie busters USE CHISELS

PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES E UF HERBICIDES (PRE-EMERGENCE} BT HERBICIDES RT EMERGENCE Precipitation USE RAINFALL Predaceous insects USE PREDACIOUS INSECTS Predaceous mites USE PREDACIOUS MITES PREDACIOUS INSECTS E UF INSECTS (PREDACIOUS} INSECTS (PREDATORY} PREDACEOUS INSECTS PREDATORY INSECTS BT INSECT AGENTS PREDAC IOUS MITES E UF MITES (PREDACIOUS} MITES (PREDATORY} PREDACEOUS MITES PREDATORY MITES BT INSECT AGENTS -229-

Predatory insects USE PREDACIOUS INSECTS Predatory mites USE PREDACIOUS MITES Preferences (food) USE CONSUMER PREFERENCES

PREGELATINIZATION F BT PROCESSING RT EXTRUSION COOKERS PRICE MAINTENANCE H BT PRICES RT PRICING POLICIES PRICE STABILIZATION H UF STABILIZATION (PRICE) BT PRICES PRICES H SN Of sorghum and millet products and comparative data only BT ECONOMICS NT PRICE MAINTENANCE PRICE STABILIZATION RT PRICING PRICING H RT PRICES

PRICING POLICIES H UF POLICIES (PRICING} RT PRICE MAINTENANCE SUBSIDIES Primatol A USE ATRAZINE Primatol S USE SIMAZINE

PROCERAS ARGYROLEPIDUS E BT LEPIDOPTERA -230-

PROCESSED PRODUCTS F BT PRODUCTS NT BRUSHES FERMENTATION PRODUCTS FLOURS GRITS MEALS OILS PEARLED GRAIN PET FOODS SUGAR SYRUP WALLBOARDS PROCESSING F SN Processing of sorghum or millet products NT CENTRIFUGING CLARIFICATION CONCENTRATING DEGERMINATION DRYING GELATINIZATION GERM RECOVERY GRAIN CLEANING MALTING MILLING OIL EXTRACTION PACKAGING PEARLING PREGELATINIZATION STARCH-GLUTEN SEPARATION STEEPING THRESHING WINNOWING RT MECHANIZATION NUTRIENT LOSS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT PROCESSING EQUIPMENT F NT DRIERS EVAPORATORS EXTRUSION COOKERS MILLS THRESHERS RT PROCESSING -231-

Product applications USE USES PRODUCTION H NT PRODUCTION DATA RT ECONOMICS MARKETING Production costs USE COSTS PRODUCTION DATA H UF PRODUCTION STATISTICS BT PRODUCTION Production statistics USE PRODUCTION DATA PRODUCTIVITY H NT ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY RT PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL WASTES YIELDS PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL c UF POTENTIAL (PRODUCTIVITY) RT BREEDING AIMS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTS F SN Products of sorghums and millets NT FRESH PRODUCTS PROCESSED PRODUCTS Products (pests of stored) USE STORED PRODUCTS PESTS PROGENY TESTING c RT BREEDING METHODS Programmes (feeding) USE FEEDING PROGRAMS PROLAMINES F UF KAFIRIN BT PROTEINS -232-

PROPAGATION D BT CULTIVATION NT MULTI PLICATION PROPAGATION MATERIALS RT PLANT REPRODUCTION SOWING PROPAGATION MA.TERIALS D BT PRO PAGA TI ON NT SEED RT CLONES PROPANIL E UF DPA BT HERBICIDES PROPAZINE E UF GE SAM IL BT HERBICIDES PROP HAM E UF INPC IPPC BT HERBICIDES Prose millet USE COMMON MILLET Protection (plant) USE PLANT PROTECTION PROTEIN CONTENT F UF HIGH-PROTEIN BT COMPOS IT I ON NT AMINO ACIDS PROTEINS RT LI PO-PROTEIN NSI POI PROTEIN NITROGEN CONTENT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTEIN DEFICIENCIES G BT DEFICIENCIES -233-

Protein dispersibility index USE POI Protein efficiency ratio USE PER PROTEIN NITROGEN CONTENT F BT NITROGEN CONTENT RT PROTEIN CONTENT PROTEIN QUALITY F UF QUALITY (PROTEIN) RT HIGH LYSINE CONTENT NUTRIENT IMPROVEMENT PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS F RT AMINO ACIDS CYTOKININS GENETIC CODE PEPTIDES PLANT ASSIMILATION PROTEINS F BT PROTEIN CONTENT NT ALBUMINS GLOBULINS GLUTELINS PROLAMINES RT NITROGEN PROTEIN QUALITY RIBOSOMES Prussic acid USE HCN PSALYDOLYTTA ATRICOLLIS E BT COLEOPTERA PSEUDOMONAS ALBOPRECIPITANS E BT BACTERIOSES PSEUDOMONAS ANDROPOGONI E UF BACTERIAL LEAF STRIPE BT BACTERIOSES -234-

PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE E UF BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT BT BACTERIOSES PUBLIC HEALTH G RT HUMAN HEALTH PESTICIDE TOLERANCES PUCCINIA PENNISETI E BT RUSTS PUCCINIA PURPUREA E BT RUSTS PUCCINIA STENOTAPHRI E BT RUSTS PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA INDICA E BT RUSTS PULP G BT PAPERMAKING Pulses USE GRAIN LEGUMES PURINES c NT ADENINE GUANINE RT NUCLEOTIDES PURITY ANALYSIS D BT SEED QUALITY PYRENOCHAETA TERRESTRIS E UF PHOMA TERRESTRIS PINK ROOT BT MY COSES PYRETHRINS E BT INSECTICIDES PYRIDOXINE F UF VITAMIN B6 BT VITAMIN CONTENT -235-

PYRIMIDINES c NT CYTOSINE THYMINE RT NUCLEOTIDES

) -236-

Quality (baking) USE BAKING QUALITY Quality (cooking) USE COOKING QUALITY Quality (flour) USE FLOUR QUALITIES Quality (protein) USE PROTEIN QUALITY Quality (seed) USE SEED QUALITY QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE c UF INHERITANCE (POLYGENIC) INHERITANCE (QllANTITA TI VE) POLYGENIC INHERITANCE BT INHERITANCE Quarantine (plant) USE PLANT QUARANTINE QUELEA QUELEA E UF DIOCH WEAVER BIRDS BT BIRDS -237-

RABI SEASON D BT SEASONS RT SPRING RACES E SN Of pathogens RT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS Radiation (gamma) USE IRRADIATION Radiation (solar) USE SOLAR RADIATION

RAD I CLE B BT EMBRYO RT ROOTS RAFFINOSE F BT SUGARS Raghi USE FINGER MILLET Ragi SN Care 1s needed with this term. It has been used for Pearl Millet and other millets; but more commonly USE FINGER MILLET Ragi marua USE FINGER MILLET RAINFALL D UF PRECIPITATION NT RAINFALL PATTERNS RT WATER REQUIREMENTS RAINFALL PATTERNS D UF PATTERNS (RAINFALL) BT RAINFALL RT SEASONS Ra my season USE WET SEASON -238-

RaJ i ka USE FINGER MILLET RAKES D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT RAKING RAKING D BT HARROWING RT RAKES Ra la USE FOXTAIL MILLET Ramul1spora andropogon1s USE RAMULISPORA SORGHI RAMULISPORA SORGHI E UF RAMULISPORA ANDROPOGONIS SOOTY STRIPE TITAEOSPORA ANDROPOGONIS BT MY COSES RANDOM MATING c UF MATING (UNCONTROLLED) BT BREEDING RT OPEN POLLINATION Range (host-plant) USE HOST RANGE Rapoko USE FINGER MILLET Rat poisons USE RODENTICIDES RATOONING D BT MULTIPLE CROPPING Rats USE RODENTS Reaping USE HARVESTING -239-

Reaping hooks USE SICKLES REAPING KNIVES D UF HARVESTING KNIVES KNIVES (HARVESTING) KNIVES (REAPING) MACHETES BT HARVESTING EQUIPMENT NT SCYTHES SICKLES RECIPROCAL CROSSING c UF CROSSING (RECIPROCAL) BT BREEDING RE COMB !NATION c BT BREEDING RECOMMENDED VARIETIES c BT CUL TI VARS Red dhal USE LENTILS Red fl our beetle USE TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM Red leaf spot USE COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA Red locust USE NOMADACRIS SEPTEMFASCIATA Red rot USE COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA Red soils USE ALFISOLS Red spider mites USE INJURIOUS MITES Red stalk rot USE COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA -240-

Reduction division USE MEIOSIS Reduction of yield USE YIELD LOSS Refining (aluminium) USE ALUMINIUM REFINING Refining (mineral) USE MINERAL REFINING Refuse USE WASTES Regimes (feeding) USE DIETARY PATTERNS Relative humidity (storage) USE STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY RELIGION G RT TABOOS Reproduction (plant) USE PLANT REPRODUCTION RESEARCH J UF EXPERIMENTATION NT DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH FIELD EXPERIMENTS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS RT EXPERIMENT DESIGN EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Research stations USE INSTITUTIONS Residues (pesticide) USE PESTICIDE RESIDUES Resistance (of pathogens to pesticides) USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE -241-

Resistance (of pests to pesticides) USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE Resistance (of plants to diseases) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resistance (of plants to drought) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resistance (of plants to insects) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resistance (of plants to mites) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resistance (of plants to nematodes) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resistance (of plants to pests) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resistance (of weeds to herbicides) USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE Resistance (pesticide) USE PESTICIDE RESISTANCE Resistance (plant) USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Resources (genetic) USE GENETIC RESOURCES Respiration (plant) USE PLANT RESPIRATION RHENANIAPHOSPHATE D BT PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS Rhizoctonia bataticola USE MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI

RHIZOPERTHA DOMINICA E UF LESSER GRAIN BORER BT COLEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS -242-

RHIZOSPHERE B RT ECOLOGY NITROGEN FIXATION ROOTS Rhopalosiphon maidis USE RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS

RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS E UF APHIS MAIDIS CORN LEAF APHID MAIZE LEAF APHID RHOPALOSIPHON MAIDIS BT HOMOPTERA

RIBOFLAVIN F UF LACTOFLAVIN VITAMIN 82 BT VITAMIN CONTENT Ribonucleic acid USE RNA RIBOSE F BT SUGARS RT DEOXYRIBOSE RNA Ribosenucleic acid USE RNA RIBOSOMES c BT CELL STRUCTURE RT ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM PROTEINS RNA RICE D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet BT CEREALS Rice {hungry) USE DIGITARIA EXILIS -243-

Rice (Jungle) USE SHAMA MILLET Rice (Kaon) USE FOXTAIL MILLET Rice weevil USE SITOPHILUS ORYZAE RIPENING B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Rispenhirse USE COMMON MILLET RNA c UF RIBONUCLEIC ACID RIBOSENUCLEIC ACID BT NUCLEIC ACIDS NT MESSENGER RNA TRANSFER RNA RT CHROMOSOMES RIBOSE RIBOSOMES RODENT CONTROL E UF CONTROL (RODENT) BT PEST CONTROL NT RODENTICIDES RT RODENTS RODENTICIDES E UF POISONS (RAT) RAT POISONS BT PESTICIDES RODENT CONTROL RODENTS E UF MICE MOUSE RATS BT NOXIOUS ANIMALS RT RODENT CONTROL -244-

Rog or USE DIMETHOATE ROGUING c RT SELECTION EVALUATION PHYSICAL METHODS Ro 11 er mi 11 mg USE DRY MILLING Ronnel USE FENCHLORPHOS ROOT HAIRS B UF HA IRS ( ROOT) BT ROOTS ROOTING B BT DEVELOPMENT STAGES RT ROOTS ROOTS B BT PLANT ANATOMY NT PERMANENT ROOTS ROOT HAIRS TEMPORARY ROOTS RT PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM RAD I CLE RHIZOSPHERE ROOTING Rosaries USE ORNAMENTS ROTATIONAL CROPPING D BT CROPPING PATTERNS RT DRY FARMING LEY FARMING ROTATIONAL CROPS ROTATIONAL CROPS D UF INTERCROPS SECONDARY CROPS -245-

(ROTATIONAL CROPS) NT CASSAVA CEREALS COTION GRAIN LEGUMES OKRA SAFFLOWER SUNFLOWERS SWEET POTATOES RT GREEN MANURES ROTATIONAL CROPPING

ROTEN ONE E BT INSECTICIDES Rough leaf spot USE ASCOCHYTA SORGHINA Row distance USE SPACING Rukweza USE FINGER MILLET RUN-OFF D BT WATER MANAGEMENT RT EROSION Rupoko USE FINGER MILLET Russian millet USE COMMON MILLET RUSTS E BT MY COSES NT PUCCINIA PENNISETI PUCCINIA PURPUREA PUCCINIA STENOTAPHRI PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA INDICA -246- s USE SULPHUR Saccharase USE SUCRASE SAFFLOWER D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS BT ROTATIONAL CROPS SaJJalu USE PEARL MILLET SALINITY D RT SOIL REACTIONS Sama USE JAPANESE MILLET Sama1 USE LITTLE MILLET Samalu USE LITTLE MILLET SANDS D BT SOILS RT INCEPTISOLS Santobri te USE PENTACHLOROPHENOL Sanwa millet USE JAPANESE MILLET Save USE LITTLE MILLET Saw-toothed grain beetle USE ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS Sa wan USE LITTLE MILLET -247-

Sayf os USE MENAZON Scale insects USE HOMOPTERA Scar1f1cat1on (soil) USE HARROWING

SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA E UF DESERT LOCUST LOCUST (DESERT) BT ORTHOPTERA SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM E UF APHIS GRAMINUM SPRING GRAIN APHID BT HOMOPTERA SCHRADAN E UF OMPA SYTAM BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES SCLEROPHTHORA MACROSPORA E UF SCLEROSPORA MACROSPORA SOM SORGHUM DOWNY MILDEW BT DOWNY MILDEWS SCLEROSPORA GRAMINICOLA E UF GREEN EAR BT DOWNY MILDEWS Sclerospora macrospora USE SCLEROPHTHORA MACROSPORA SCLEROSPORA SORGHI E BT DOWNY MILDEWS Sclerot1um batat1cola USE MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI -248-

SCMV USE SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS Screening methods USE EVALUATION SCYTHES D BT REAPING KNIVES SOM USE SCLEROPHTHORA MACROSPORA SEASONAL CROPPING D SN Cult1vat1on of crops in one season only BT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT D UF DEVELOPMENT (SEASONAL) BT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS RT PLANT DEVELOPMENT SEASONS SEASONS D UF GROWING SEASONS NT AUTUMN DRY SEASON KHARIF SEASON RABI SEASON SPRING SUMMER WET SEASON WINTER RT RAINFALL PATTERNS SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT Secondary crops USE ROTATIONAL CROPS SEED D BT PROPAGATION MATERIALS NT CERT! FIED SEED SEED CHARACTERS RT BREEDING SEED-BORNE DISEASES SEED TRANSMISSION SEEDS SOWING -249-

Seed bed USE SEEDBED SEED-BORNE DISEASES E UF DISEASES (SEED-BORNE) RT SEED SEED TRANSMISSION SEED CHARACTERS D UF CHARACTERS (GRAIN) CHARACTERS (SEED) GRAIN CHARACTERS BT SEED NT SEED COLOUR SEED HARDNESS SEED QUALITY SEED SIZE SEED VIABILITY Seed coat USE TESTA SEED COLOUR D UF COLOUR (SEED) BT SEED CHARACTERS SEED CROPS D RT MULTIPLICATION Seed dressing USE SEED TREATMENT SEED DRILLS D UF DRILLS (SEED) PLANTERS (SEED) SEED PLANTERS BT SOWING EQUIPMENT Seed-germ USE EMBRYO SEED HARDNESS D UF GRAIN HARDNESS HARDNESS (SEED) BT SEED CHARACTERS -250-

Seed pell etrng USE PELLETING Seed planters USE SEED DRILLS SEED QUALITY D UF QUALITY {SEED) BT SEED CHARACTERS NT GERMINATION TESTS MOISTURE TESTS PURITY ANALYSIS RT GERMINABILITY SEED SIZE D UF SIZE (SEED) BT SEED CHARACTERS SEED STORAGE F SN Storing grain for propagation UF STORAGE (SEED) BT STORAGE RT SEED VIABILITY SEED TRANSMISSION E BT DISEASE TRANSMISSION RT SEED SEED-BORNE DISEASES SEED TREATMENT E UF DRESSING (SEED) SEED DRESSING BT PEST CONTROL METHODS RT PELLETING SEED VIABILITY D UF VIABILITY (SEED) BT SEED CHARACTERS RT GERMINATION TESTS SEED STORAGE SEED WEIGHT H UF WEIGHT (SEED) BT GRAIN YIELD -251-

Seed yield USE GRAIN YIELD SEEDBED D UF SEED BED RT SOWING TILTH Seeders (broadcast) USE BROADCAST SEEDERS Seeding USE SOWING SEEDING RATES D BT SOWING SEEDLING BLIGHT E BT MY COSES SEEDLING DISEASES E RT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS SEEDLINGS Seedling emergence USE EMERGENCE SEEDLINGS B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES RT EMBRYO EMERGENCE SEEDLING DISEASES SEEDS B BT PLANT ANATOMY NT EMBRYO ENDOSPERM TESTA RT CARYOPSIS GERMINATION GRAIN SEED SEGREGATION c BT BREEDING -252-

SELECTION c UF BULK PEDIGREEING • PEDIGREEING BT BREEDING RT EVALUATION ROGUING Selections USE CULTIVARS SELF-FERTILISATION B BT FERTILISATION NT CLEISTOGAMY

SELF-FERTILITY B BT PLANT FERTIL ITV RT SELF-POLLINATION SELF-POLLINATION B BT POLLINATION RT SELF-FERTILITY SELFING SELFING c BT BREEDING RT INBREEDING SELF-POLLINATION SELFS SELFS c RT SELFING Sel 1mg USE MARKETING SEQUENCE D RT TIMING SEQUENTIAL CROPPING D BT MULTIPLE CROPPING SESAMIA CALAMISTIS E BT LEPIDOPTERA • -253- SESAMIA CRETICA E UF DURA STEMBORER BT LEPIDOPTERA SESAMIA INFERENS E BT LEP IDOPTERA SETARIA A BT GRAMINEAE-PANICEAE NT SETARIA ITALICA SETARIA ITALICA A UF PANICUM HISPANICUM BT SETARIA RT FOXTAIL MILLET Sevin USE CARBARYL SHADE D RT LIGHT SHALLU A UF EGYPTIAN WHEAT WHEAT (EGYPTIAN) BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM BICOLOR ROXBURGHII SHAMA MILLET A UF JUNGLE RICE MILLET (SHAMA) RICE (JUNGLE) BT GRAIN MILLETS RT ECHINOCHLOA COLONA SHATTERCANE A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS SHATTERING D SN Shedding of grain before harvesting BT HEAD CHARACTERS SHEEP G BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS NT LAMBS -254-

Shevan USE LITTLE MILLET SHIFTING CULTIVATION D UF SWIDDEN CULTIVATION BT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS RT CLEARING Siberian millet USE FOXTAIL MILLET SICKLES D UF HOOKS (REAPING) REAPING HOOKS BT REAPING KNIVES SILAGE G UF ENSILAGE BT FEEDS AND FEEDING RT ENSILING FODDERS SILOS F UF GRAIN SILOS BT STORAGE STRUCTURES SILTS D BT SOILS RT ENT I SOLS Sil vex USE FENO PROP SIMAZINE E UF GESATOP PRIMATOL S BT HERBICIDES Si ngl mg USE THINNING SITOPHILUS ORYZAE E UF CALANDRA ORYZAE RICE WEEVIL BT COLEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS -255-

SITOTROGA CEREALELLA E UF ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH BT LEPIDOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS Size (seed) USE SEED SIZE Sizing (textile) USE TEXTILE SIZING Small millet USE LITTLE MILLET Smut (covered) USE SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI Smut (false) USE CEREBELLA SORGHI-VULGARIS Smut (gram) USE SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI Smut (head) USE SPHACELOTHECA REILIANA Smut (long) USE TOLYPOSPORIUM EHRENBERGII Smut (loose) USE SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA Soaking USE STEEPING SOCIAL ASPECTS G NT CONSUMER PREFERENCES TRADITIONS RT HOME ECONOMICS USES SODIUM D UF Na BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT SODIUM NITRATE -256-

SODIUM NITRATE D UF CHILE SALTPETRE CHILEAN NITRATE BT NITRATE FERTILIZERS RT SODIUM Soi l animal s USE SOIL FAUNA SOIL-BORNE DISEASES E UF DISEASES (SOIL-BORNE) RT SOIL TRANSMISSION SOIL CHEMISTRY D RT SOIL REACTIONS SOILS Soil erosion USE EROSION SOIL FAUNA D UF FAUNA (SOIL) SOIL ANIMALS BT SOIL MICROBIOLOGY RT SOIL POPULATIONS SOIL FERTILITY D UF FERTILITY (SOIL) BT SOIL REQUIREMENTS NT COMPOSTING GREEN MANURING SOIL IMPOVERISHMENT RT FALLOW SYSTEMS NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS SOIL MICROBIOLOGY SOIL FLORA D UF FLORA (SOIL) BT SOIL MICROBIOLOGY RT NITROGEN FIXATION SOIL POPULATIONS SOIL IMPOVERISHMENT D UF IMPOVERISHMENT (SOIL) BT SOIL FERTILITY -257-

SOIL MICROBIOLOGY D UF MICROBIOLOGY (SOIL) BT SOIL REQUIREMENTS NT SOIL FAUNA SOIL FLORA RT ECOLOGY SOIL FERTILITY SOIL TRANSMISSION

Soil mulches USE DRY MULCHES SOIL NITROGEN D BT NITROGEN RT NITROGEN FIXATION SOIL POPULATIONS D RT ECOLOGY SOIL FAUNA SOIL FLORA SOIL POROSITY D UF POROSITY (SOIL) BT SOIL REQUIREMENTS SOIL REACTIONS D BT SOIL REQUIREMENTS RT HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION SALINITY SOIL CHEMISTRY SOIL REQUIREMENTS D UF EDAPHIC REQUIREMENTS BT CULTIVATION NT DRAINAGE SOIL FERTILITY SOIL MICROBIOLOGY SOIL POROSITY SOIL REACTIONS RT ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PEDOCLIMATIC FACTORS SOIL TEMPERATURE SOILS WATER REQUIREMENTS -258-

Soil scar1f1cat1on USE HARROWING SOIL TEMPERATURE D UF TEMPERATURE (SOIL) BT TEMPERATURE RT SOIL REQUIREMENTS SOIL TRANSMISSION E BT DISEASE TRANSMISSION RT SOIL-BORNE DISEASES SOIL MICROBIOLOGY SOIL TREATMENT E BT PEST CONTROL METHODS SOILS D NT ALFI SOLS CLAYS ENT I SOLS INCEPTISOLS LOAMS ORGANIC MATTER OX I SOLS SANDS SILTS VERTISOLS RT SOIL CHEMISTRY SOIL REQUIREMENTS SoJa USE SOYBEANS Solar energy USE LIGHT ENERGY SOLAR RADIATION D UF RADIATION {SOLAR) SUNLIGHT RT LIGHT ENERGY Sole crop USE MONOCULTURE -259-

SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES F UF CARBOHYDRATES (SOLUBLE) BT CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT NT SUGARS Sooty stripe USE RAMULISPORA SORGHI Sorgho blanc USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM SORGHUM A SN 11 It seems clear that the variability in sorghum is such that a wholly satisfactory botanical classification cannot be prepared, but that for practical purposes various groupings can be made" - H. Doggett (1970). Doggett's lead is followed here in using his modifications of Snowden's (1936, 1961) classification BT GRAMINEAE-ANDROPOGONEAE NT SORGHUM ALMUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM HALEPENSE SORGHUM PROPINQUUM Sorghum (black) USE COLUMBUS GRASS Sorghum (channel) USE ECHINOCHLOA TURNERANA Sorghum aethiopicum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM AETHIOPICUM SORGHUM ALMUM A BT SORGHUM RT COLUMBUS GRASS Sorghum ankolib USE SORGHUM BICOLOR ANKOLIB -260-

SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM A - BT SORGHUM NT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM AETHIOPICUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM BREVICARINATUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM CASTANEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ELLIOT!! SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM HEWISONII SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM LANCEOLATUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM MACROCHAETA SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM NILOTICUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PANICOIDES SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PUGIONIFOLIUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SOMALIENSE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SUDANENSE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM USAMBARENSE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VERTICILLIFLORUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VIRGATUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VOGELIANUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM AETHIOPICUM A UF ANDROPOGON SORGHUM DURA SORGHUM AETHIOPICUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ARUNDINACEUM A BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM BREVICARINATUM A UF SORGHUM BREVICARINATUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM CASTANEUM A UF SORGHUM CASTANEUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ELLIOT!! A UF SORGHUM ELLIOT!! BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM HEWISONII A UF SORGHUM HEWISONII BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM -261-

SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM LANCEOLATUM A UF SORGHUM LANCEOLATUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM MACROCHAETA A UF SORGHUM MACROCHAETA BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM NILOTICUM A UF SORGHUM NILOTICUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PANICOIDES A UF SORGHUM PANICOIDES BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PUGIONIFOLIUM A UF SORGHUM PUGIONIFOLIUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SOMALIENSE A UF SORGHUM SOMALIENSE BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SUDANENSE A UF SORGHUM SUDANENSE BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM RT SUDAN GRASS SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM USAMBARENSE A UF SORGHUM USAMBARENSE BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VERTICILLIFLORUM A UF SORGHUM VERTICILLIFLORUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VIRGATUM A UF SORGHUM VIRGATUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VOGELIANUM A UF SORGHUM VOGELIANUM BT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM -262-

Sorghum aterr1mum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR ATERRIMUM Sorghum basutorum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR BASUTORUM SORGHUM BICOLOR A UF SORGHUM SATIVUM SORGHUM VULGARE BT SORGHUM NT SORGHUM BICOLOR ANKOLIB SORGHUM BICOLOR ATERRIMUM SORGHUM BICOLOR BASUTORUM SORGHUM BICOLOR BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM SORGHUM BICOLOR CAUDATUM SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM SORGHUM BICOLOR CONSPICUUM SORGHUM BICOLOR CORIACEUM SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA SORGHUM BICOLOR DRUMMOND!! SORGHUM BICOLOR DULCICAULE SORGHUM BICOLOR DURRA SORGHUM BICOLOR ELEGANS SORGHUM BICOLOR EXSERTUM SORGHUM BICOLOR GAMBICUM SORGHUM BICOLOR GUINEENSE SORGHUM BICOLOR MARGARITIFERUM SORGHUM BICOLOR MELALEUCUM SORGHUM BICOLOR MELLITUM SORGHUM BICOLOR MEMBRANACEUM SORGHUM BICOLOR MILIIFORME SORGHUM BICOLOR NERVOSUM SORGHUM BICOLOR NIGRICANS SORGHUM BICOLOR NITENS SORGHUM BICOLOR NOTABILE SORGHUM BICOLOR RIGIDUM SORGHUM BICOLOR ROXBURGH!! SORGHUM BICOLOR SIMULANS SORGHUM BICOLOR SPLENDIDUM SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBGLABRESCENS RT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS SORGHUM BICOLOR ANKOLIB A UF SORGHUM ANKOLIB BT SORGHUM BICOLOR • -263- SORGHUM BICOLOR ATERRIMUM A UF SORGHUM ATERRIMUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR BASUTORUM A UF SORGHUM BASUTORUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR BICOLOR A BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT SORGHUM SACCHARATLJM SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM A UF SORGHUM CAFFRORUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT HE GARI KAFIRS SORGHUM BICOLOR CAUDATUM A UF SORGHUM CAUDATUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT FETERITAS SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM A UF CHOLAM SORGHO BLANC SORGHUM CERNUUM TABSOUT TAFSOUT TAFSOUT EL BEIDA BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR CONSPlCUUM A UF SORGHUM CONSPICUUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR CORIACEUM A UF SORGHUM CORIACEUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA A UF SORGHUM DOCHNA SORGHUM DOCHNA TECHNICUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT BROOM CORN -264-

SORGHUM BICOLOR DRUMMONDII A UF SORGHUM DRUMMOND!! • BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT CHICKEN CORN SORGHUM BICOLOR DULCICAULE A UF SORGHUM DULCICAULE BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR DURRA A UF SORGHUM DURRA BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT DUR RAS SORGHUM BICOLOR ELEGANS A UF SORGHUM ELEGANS BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR EXSERTUM A UF SORGHUM EXSERTUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR GAMBICUM A UF SORGHUM GAMBICUfJ' BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR GUINEENSE A UF SORGHUM GUINEENSE BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT GUINEA CORN SORGHUM BICOLOR MARGARITIFERUM A UF SORGHUM MARGARITIFERUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR MELALEUCUM A UF SORGHUM MELALEUCUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR ' SORGHUM BICOLOR MELLITUM A UF SORGHUM MELLITUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR MEMBRANACEUM A UF SORGHUM MEMBRANACEUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR -265-

SORGHUM BICOLOR MILIIFORME A UF SORGHUM MILIIFORME BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR NERVOSUM A UF SORGHUM NERVOSUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT KAOLIANGS SORGHUM BICOLOR NIGRICANS A UF SORGHUM NIGRICANS BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR NITENS A UF SORGHUM NITENS BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR NOTABILE A UF SORGHUM NOTABILE BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR RIGIDUM A UF SORGHUM RIGIDUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR ROXBURGHII A UF SORGHUM ROXBURGHII BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT SHALLU SORGHUM BICOLOR SIMULANS A UF SORGHUM SIMULANS BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR SPLENDIDUM A UF SORGHUM SPLENDIDUM BT SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBGLABRESCENS A UF SORGHUM SUBGLABRESCENS BT SORGHUM BICOLOR RT MILOS Sorghum brev1car1natum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM BREVICARINATUM -266-

Sorghum caffrorum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CAFFRORUM Sorghum castaneum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM CASTANEUM Sorghum caudatum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CAUDATUM Sorghum cernuum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM Sorghum consp1cuum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CONSPICUUM Sorghum controversum USE SORGHUM HALEPENSE CONTROVERSUM Sorghum cor1aceum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CORIACEUM Sorghum dochna USE SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA Sorghum dochna techn1cum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR DOCHNA Sorghum downy mildew USE SCLEROPHTHORA MACROSPORA Sorghum drummond11 USE SORGHUM BICOLOR DRUMMOND!! Sorghum dulc1caule USE SORGHUM BICOLOR DULCICAULE Sorghum durra USE SORGHUM BICOLOR DURRA Sorghum elegans USE SORGHUM BICOLOR ELEGANS Sorghum ell1ot11 USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM ELLIOTII -267-

Sorghum exsertum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR EXSERTUM Sorghum ga11 midge USE CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA Sorghum gamb1cum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR GAMBICUM Sorghum gu1neense USE SORGHUM BICOLOR GUINEENSE SORGHUM HALEPENSE A BT SORGHUM NT SORGHUM HALEPENSE CONTROVERSUM SORGHUM HALEPENSE HALEPENSE SORGHUM HALEPENSE MILIACEUM SORGHUM HALEPENSE CONTROVERSUM A UF SORGHUM CONTROVERSUM BT SORGHUM HALEPENSE SORGHUM HALEPENSE HALEPENSE A UF SORGHUM HALEPENSIS BT SORGHUM HALEPENSE RT JOHNSON GRASS SORGHUM HALEPENSE MILIACEUM A UF SORGHUM MILIACEUM BT SORGHUM HALEPENSE Sorghum ha1epens1s USE SORGHUM HALEPENSE HALEPENSE Sorghum hew1son11 USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM HEWISONII Sorghum 1anceo1atum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM LANCEOLATUM Sorghum macrochaeta USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM MACROCHAETA Sorghum margar1t1ferum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR MARGARITIFERUM -268-

Sorghum melaleucum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR MELALEUCUM Sorghum mellitum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR MELLITUM Sorghum membranaceum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR MEMBRANACEUM Sorghum midge USE CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA Sorghum m1l1aceum USE SORGHUM HALEPENSE MILIACEUM Sorghum mil11forme USE SORGHUM BICOLOR MILIIFORME Sorghum nervosum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR NERVOSUM Sorghum n1gr1cans USE SORGHUM BICOLOR NIGRICANS Sorghum n1lot1cum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM NILOTICUM Sorghum nitens USE SORGHUM BICOLOR NITENS Sorghum notab1le USE SORGHUM BICOLOR NOTABILE SORGHUM OIL F/G BT OILS Sorghum pan1co1des USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PANICOIDES SORGHUM PROPINQUUM A BT SORGHUM Sorghum pug1on1fol1um USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM PUGIONIFOLIUM -269-

Sorghum r1g1dum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR RIGIDUM Sorghum roxburgh11 USE SORGHUM BICOLOR ROXBURGH!! SORGHUM SACCHARATUM A RT SORGHUM BICOLOR BICOLOR SUGARY SORGHUMS Sorghum sat1vum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR Sorghum shoot fly USE ANATRICHUS ERINACEUS Sorghum s1mulans USE SORGHUM BICOLOR SIMULANS

1 Sorghum somal1ense USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SOMALIENSE Sorghum splend1dum USE SORGHUM BICOLOR SPLENDIDUM Sorghum subglabrescens USE SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBGLABRESCENS Sorghum sudanense USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SUDANENSE Sorghum usambarense USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM USAMBARENSE Sorghum vert1c1ll1florum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VERTICILLIFLORUM Sorghum v1rgatum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VIRGATUM Sorghum vogel1anum USE SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM VOGELIANUM Sorghum vulgare USE SORGHUM BICOLOR -270-

SORGHUMS A NT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS FEED SORGHUMS Sorghums (cultivated) USE CULTIVATED SORGHUMS Sorghums (feed) USE FEED SORGHUMS Sorghums (grain) USE CULTIVATED SORGHUMS Sorghums (grass) USE FEED SORGHUMS SOR GO A BT CULTIVATED SORGHUMS Sorosporium reilianum USE SPHACELOTHECA REILIANA South Indian millet USE FINGER MILLET Southern cornstalk borer USE DIATRAEA CRAMBIDOIDES Southern green stink bug USE NEZARA VIRIDULA Southern pea USE COWPEAS SOWING D UF PLANTING (SEED) SEEDING BT CUL TI VAT ION NT SEEDING RATES SOWING DEPTH RT PROPAGATION SEED SEEDBED SOWING EQUIPMENT SPACING TIMING -271-

SOWING DEPTH D UF DEPTH (SOWING) BT SOWING Sowing distance USE SPACING SOWING EQUIPMENT D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT NT BROADCAST SEEDERS SEED DRILLS RT SOWING SOYBEANS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF GLYCINE MAX SOJA BT GRAIN LEGUMES SPACING D UF DENSITY (PLANTING) DISTANCE PLANTING DENSITY PLANTING DISTANCE ROW DISTANCE SOWING DISTANCE BT CULTIVATION RT PLANT POPULATIONS SOWING SPADES D BT CULTIVATION EQUIPMENT RT DIGGING Spading USE DIGGING SPECIES c NT SUBSPECIES RT CUL TI VARS Spergon USE CHLORANIL -272-

SPHACELIA SORGHI E UF HONEYDEW DISEASE BT MY COSES RT ERGOT SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA E UF LOOSE SMUT SMUT (LOOSE) BT MY COSES RT SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI SPHACELOTHECA REILIANA E UF HEAD SMUT SMUT (HEAD) SOROSPORIUM REILIANUM BT MYCOSES SPHACELOTHECA SORGHI E UF COVERED SMUT GRAIN SMUT SMUT (COVERED) SMUT (GRAIN) BT MYCOSES RT SPHACELOTHECA CRUENTA Spider mites USE INJURIOUS MITES ( Spiked millet USE PEARL MILLET SPIKELETS B BT INFLORESCENCES NT FLORETS GLUMES SPODOPTERA EXEMPTA E BT LEPIDOPTERA SPODOPTERA EXIGUA E UF LAPHYGMA EXIGUA LESSER ARMYWORM BT LEPIDOPTERA -273-

Spoilage USE DETERIORATION SPRAY IRRIGATION D UF OVERHEAD IRRIGATION SPRINKLING BT IRRIGATION SPRAYING E BT PEST CONTROL METHODS SPRING D BT SEASONS RT RABI SEASON Spring grain aphid USE SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM Sprinkl mg USE SPRAY IRRIGATION Stabilization (price) USE PRICE STABILIZATION STACHYOSE F BT SUGARS Staggered planting USE PHASED PLANTING STALK ROT E BT MY COSES Stalks USE STEMS STAMENS B BT FLORETS NT ANTHERS Standards of identity USE PESTICIDE TOLERANCES STARCH CONTENT F BT CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT RT GLUTEN STARCHES -274-

STARCH-GLUTEN SEPARATION F BT PROCESSING RT GLUTEN STARCHES G NT MODIFIED STARCHES RT INDUSTRIAL USES STARCH CONTENT STEARIC ACID F UF OCTADECANOIC ACID BT FATTY ACIDS STEEPING F UF SOAKING BT PROCESSING STEM ELONGATION B UF ELONGATION (STEM) BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Stem length USE HEIGHT STEMS B UF CUL MS STALKS BT PLANT ANATOMY NT INTERNODES NODES RT PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM STENODIPLOSIS PANIC! E BT DIPTERA STERILITY B SN In plants NT GENERATIONAL STERILITY MORPHOLOGICAL STERILITY RT PLANT FERTILITY Sterility (interspecific) USE INTERSPECIFIC STERILITY -275-

Sterility (male) USE MALE STERILITY STIGMA B BT PISTIL RT POLLINATION Stockfeeds USE FEEDS AND FEEDING STOMATA B BT LEAVES RT EPIDERMIS Storability USE DETERIORATION STORAGE F UF BULK STORAGE STORED PRODUCTS NT GRAIN STORAGE HOUSEHOLD STORAGE SEED STORAGE RT DETERIORATION DISTRIBUTION STORAGE CONDITIONS STORAGE STRUCTURES Storage (grain) USE GRAIN STORAGE Storage (home) USE HOUSEHOLD STORAGE Storage (seed) USE SEED STORAGE Storage (water) USE WATER IMPOUNDING Storage barns USE STOREROOMS STORAGE BINS F UF BINS (STORAGE) BT STORAGE STRUCTURES -276-

STORAGE CONDITIONS F NT STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY STORAGE TEMPERATURE RT STORAGE STORAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY F UF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (STORAGE) BT STORAGE CONDITIONS RT DRYING MOISTURE EFFECTS Storage rooms USE STOREROOMS

STORAGE STRUCTURES F UF GRANARIES NT SILOS STORAGE BINS STOREROOMS WAREHOUSES RT AERATION DRYING STORAGE STORAGE TEMPERATURE F UF TEMPERATURE (STORAGE) BT STORAGE CONDITIONS TEMPERATURE Stored products USE STORAGE STORED PRODUCTS PESTS E UF PESTS OF STORED PRODUCTS PRODUCTS (PESTS OF STORED) NT ACARUS SIRO ELDANA SACCHARINA ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA RHIZOPERTHA DOMINICA SITOPHILUS ORYZAE SITOTROGA CEREALELLA TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM TROGODERMA GRANARIUM RT NOXIOUS ANIMALS -277-

STOREROOMS F UF BARNS (STORAGE) STORAGE BARNS STORAGE ROOMS BT STORAGE STRUCTURES STRAW G BT FEEDS AND FEEDING Straw (building) USE BUILDING STRAW STRAW MULCHES D UF MULCHES (STRAW) BT MULCHES Streak disease USE MAIZE STREAK DISEASE VIRUS STRESS FACTORS D NT pH WATER STRESS STRIGA E UF WITCHWEED NT STRIGA ASIATICA STRIGA DENSIFLORA STRIGA HERMONTHECA STRIGA SENEGALENSIS RT PARASITIC PLANTS STRIGOL STRIGA ASIATICA E UF STRIGA LUTEA BT STRIGA STRIGA DENSIFLORA E BT STRIGA STRIGA HERMONTHECA E BT ST RIGA Str1ga lutea USE STRI GA ASIATICA -278-

STRIGA SENEGALENSIS E BT STRIGA STRIGOL E BT WEED CONTROL RT GERMINATION STRIGA STROMA c BT CHLOROPLASTS STUBBLE D BT GREEN MANURES WASTES RT FORAGE STYLE B BT PISTIL SUBSIDIES H RT PRICING POLICIES SUBSOILING D BT LAND PREPARATION RT CHISELS DRAINAGE SUBSPECIES c BT SPECIES SUCRASE F UF INVERT ASE SACCHARASE BT ENZYMES RT SUCROSE SUCROSE F UF CANE SUGAR SUGAR (CANE) BT SUGARS RT FRUCTOSE GLUCOSE SU CRASE -279-

SUDAN GRASS A UF GRASS (SUDAN) SUDANGRASS BT FEED SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUM SUDANENSE Sudangrass USE SUDAN GRASS SUGAR F/G SN Sugar as a product; for aspects re- 1ating to plant or grain composit1on, use SUGARS BT FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSED PRODUCTS RT SUGARS SYRUP Sugar (cane) USE SUCROSE SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS E UF SCMV SUGARCANE VIRUS 1 BT VIROSES Sugarcane virus 1 USE SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS SUGARS F SN Sugars 1n relation to plant or grain composition; for sugar as a product, use SUGAR BT SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES NT FRUCTOSE GLUCOSE MALTOSE RAF Fl NOSE RI BOSE STACHYOSE SUCROSE RT SORGHUM SACCHARATUM SUGAR -280-

Sugary disease USE ERGOT SUGARY SORGHUMS A UF SWEET SORGHUMS RT SORGHUM SACCHARATUM SUGARS Sulfur USE SULPHUR Sulphate of ammonia USE AMMONIUM SULPHATE Sulphate of potash USE POTASSIUM SULPHATE SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA D UF PATENTKALI BT POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS RT MAGNESIUM SULPHUR SULPHUR D UF S SULFUR BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT AMINO ACIDS AMMONIUM SULPHATE AMMONIUM SULPHATE NITRATE POTASSIUM SULPHATE SULPHATE OF POTASH-MAGNESIA SUMMER D BT SEASONS SUNFLOWERS D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF ANNUAL SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS SPP BT ROTATIONAL CROPS Sunlight USE SOLAR RADIATION -281-

SUPERGENES c BT GENES Superior palea USE PALEA SUPERPHOSPHATE D BT PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS NT CALCIUM SUPERPHOSPHATE DOUBLE SUPERPHOSPHATE TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE Superphosphate of lime USE CALCIUM SUPERPHOSPHATE Supplements (feed) USE FEED SUPPLEMENTS Susceptibility SEE RESISTANCE entries SWEET POTATOES D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF IPOMOEA BATATAS BT ROTATIONAL CROPS Sweet sorghums USE SUGARY SORGHUMS Swidden cultivation USE SHIFTING CULTIVATION SWINE G UF HOGS PIGS BT DOMESTIC ANIMALS NT PIGLETS SWITCH GRASS A UF GRASS (SWITCH) SWITCHGRASS BT FEED MILLETS RT PANICUM VIRGATUM -282-

Sw1tchgrass USE SWITCH GRASS SYNTHETIC AUXINS E UF AUXINS (SYNTHETIC) BT HERBICIDES RT AUXINS SYRUP F/G BT FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSED PRODUCTS RT SUGARS Systematics (plant) USE TAXONOMY SYSTEMIC PESTICIDES E BT PESTICIDES RT TRANSLOCATION Systox USE DEMETON-0 Sy tam USE SCHRADAN • -283-

2,4,5-T E UF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BT HERBICIDES TABOOS G UF FOODS (FORBIDDEN) FORBIDDEN FOODS RT CONSUMER PREFERENCES RELIGION Tabsout USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM Tafsout USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM Tafsout el be1da USE SORGHUM BICOLOR CERNUUM Talabun USE FINGER MILLET Tanahal USE FOXTAIL MILLET TANNIN CONTENT F BT PHENOLIC CONTENT TANYMECUS INDICUS E BT COLEOPTERA Taste USE PALATABILITY TAXONOMY A UF CLASSIFICATION (PLANT) PLANT CLASSIFICATION PLANT SYSTEMATICS SYSTEMATICS (PLANT) NT CHEMOTAXONOMY NUMERICAL TAXONOMY RT IDENTIFICATION NOMENCLATURE -284-

Taxonomy (numerical) • USE NUMERICAL TAXONOMY TCA E UF TRICHLOROACETIC ACID BT HERBICIDES Techniques (experimental) USE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES TEFF A UF TEFF D1 ABYSS IN IE BT GRAIN MILLETS RT ERAGROSTIS ABYSSINICA Teff d'Abyssinie USE TEFF TEMPERATURE D UF HEAT BT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS NT AIR TEMPERATURE SOIL TEMPERATURE RT HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE Temperature (air) USE AIR TEMPERATURE Temperature (soil) USE SOIL TEMPERATURE Temperature (storage) USE STORAGE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS D BT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Temperature resistance USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE TEMPORARY ROOTS B BT ROOTS Tenai USE FOXTAIL MILLET -285-

TEPP E UF BlADAN TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE VAPOTONE BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Termites USE ISOPTERA Terra-Sytam USE DIMEFOX TESTA B UF SEED COAT BT SEEDS Tetradecanoic acid USE MYRISTIC ACID Tetradisu1 USE TETRAS UL Tetraethy1 pyrophosphate USE TEPP Tetranychids USE INJURIOUS MITES TETRANYCHUS SPP E BT INJURIOUS MITES TETRASUL E UF TETRADISUL BT ACARICIDES Texas mi 11 et USE PANICUM TEXANUM TEXTILE SIZING G UF FABRIC SIZING SIZING (TEXTILE) BT INDUSTRIAL USES -286-

THIAMIN F UF ANEURIN VITAMIN Bl BT VITAMIN B Thickeners (food) USE FOOD BINDERS Thickeners (ink) USE INK THICKENERS Thi met USE PH ORATE THINNING D UF SINGLING BT CULTIVATION RT SPACING Thiodan USE ENDOSULFAN Thiodemeton USE DISULFOTON THIOMETON E UF EKATIN BT ACARICIDES INSECTICIDES Thiophos USE PARATHION THIOQUINOX E UF BAYER 31686 ERADEX BT ACARICIDES FUNGICIDES THIRAM E UF ARAS AN TMTD BT FUNGICIDES -287-

THREONINE F BT AMINO ACIDS THRESHERS F BT PROCESSING EQUIPMENT RT THRESHING THRESHING F BT PROCESSING RT HARVESTING THRESHERS THYLAKOIDS c BT CHLOROPLASTS RT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS THYMINE c BT PYRIMIDINES RT DNA Tillage USE TILLING TILLERING B BT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES PLANT HABIT TILLING D UF TILLAGE BT LAND PREPARATION NT DIGGING HARROWING PLOUGHING RT NO-TILLAGE TILTH TILTH D RT SEEDBED TILLING TIMING D RT AGE SEQUENCE SOWING -288-

Tissues (plant) USE PLANT TISSUES Titaeospora andropogonis USE RAMULISPORA SORGHI TMTD USE THIRAM To USE TUWO Tocusso USE FINGER MILLET Tolerance SEE RESISTANCE entries

TOLYPOSPORIUM EHRENBERG!! E UF LONG SMUT SMUT (LONG) BT MYCOSES TOLYPOSPORIUM PENICILLARIAE E BT MYCOSES Tomato fru1tworm USE HELIOTHIS ZEA Tools (farm) USE FARM IMPLEMENTS TOTAL NITROGEN F BT NITROGEN CONTENT Toxaphene USE CAMPHECHLOR TOXICITY G UF INTOXIFICATION POISONING RT BIOCHEMISTRY DETOXIFICATION HCN CONTENT TOXICOLOGY -289-

TOXICOLOGY G SN Restrict to sorghum or millet related toxicology RT ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY HEALTH HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY TOXICITY 2,4,5-TP USE FENOPROP TRACE ELEMENTS D BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS RT MICRONUTRIENTS

TRADE H UF COMMERCE EXPORTING IMPORTING INTERNATIONAL TRADE BT MARKETING TRADITIONS G UF FOLKLORE BT SOCIAL ASPECTS RT HISTORY TRAINING J RT EDLJCATION TRANSFER RNA c BT RNA RT AMINO ACIDS ATP

TRANSLOCATION B BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES RT NUTRIENT UPTAKE PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM SYSTEMIC PESTICIDES Transmission (disease} USE DISEASE TRANSMISSION -290-

TRANSPIRATION B BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES RT WATER REQUIREMENTS Transportation USE DISTRIBUTION Treflan USE TRI FLURALIN Triazinyl phosphate USE MENAZON TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM E UF RED FLOUR BEETLE BT COLEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM E UF CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE BT COLEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS Trichloroacetic acid USE TCA Trichloronitromethane USE CHLOROPICRIN 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid USE 2,4,5-T Trichometasphaeria turcica USE HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM TRIFLURALIN E UF TREFLAN BT HERBICIDES TRIONYMUS POLYPORUS E BT HOMOPTERA Tri phenyl tin USE FENTIN -291-

TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE D BT SUPERPHOSPHATE

TROGODERMA GRANARIUM E UF KHAPRA BEETLE BT COLEOPTERA STORED PRODUCTS PESTS Trolene USE FENCHLORPHOS TROPISMS B· UF PLANT MOVEMENTS BT PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Tryptophan USE TRYPTOPHANE TRYPTOPHANE F UF TRYPTOPHAN BT AMINO ACIDS TURKEYS G BT POULTRY TUWO G SN Stiff cooked dough of sorghum or mi 1let UF TO BT CEREAL FOODS Twisted top USE GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI TYLENCHUS SPP E BT NEMATODES TYROSINE F BT AMINO ACIDS -292-

ULTRASTRUCTURE c RT CELL STRUCTURE UMBRELLA GRASS A UF GRASS (UMBRELLA) MILLET (NATIVE) NATIVE MILLET BT FEED MILLETS RT PANICUM DECOMPOSITUM Un1vers1ty departments USE INSTITUTIONS Unprocessed products USE FRESH PRODUCTS UPLAND CROPPING D BT CROPPING PATTERNS Uptake (nutrient) USE NUTRIENT UPTAKE UREA D BT AMIDE FERTILIZERS USES G UF PRODUCT APPLICATIONS UTILIZATION NT BREWING FEEDS AND FEEDING FOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL USES RT ECONOMIC ASPECTS PACKAGING SOCIAL ASPECTS WASTE UTILIZATION Ut1l 1zat1on USE USES .e -293-

VACUOLES c BT CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES

VALINE F BT AMI NO AC IDS Vapona USE DICHLORVOS Vapotone USE TEPP Varagu USE KODO MILLET Vari USE COMMON MILLET VARIATION C SN Difference between related in- dividuals due to differences of environment or genotype RT CULTIVARS Varietal resistance USE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE VARIETIES c UF BOTANICAL VARIETIES VARIETIES (BOTANICAL) RT CULTIVARS Varieties (botanical) USE VARIETIES Varieties (cultivated) USE CULTIVARS Vascular system (plant) USE PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM

VASCULAR TISSUES B BT PLANT TISSUES NT PHLOEM XYLEM RT PLANT VASCULAR SYSTEM -294-

VECTORS E UF DISEASE CARRIERS RT INJURIOUS INSECTS INSECT TRANSMISSION NEMATODE TRANSMISSION VIRUS TRANSMISSION VENTILATION F I RT AERATION VERTISOLS D UF BLACK SOILS BT SOILS Viability {seed) USE SEED VIABILITY Vigna s mens is USE COWPEAS Vigor {hybrid) USE HYBRID VIGOUR VIROSES E SN Includes pathogens UF DISEASES {VIRUS) VIRUS DISEASES BT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS NT MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS MAIZE STREAK DISEASE VIRUS SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS RT CHLOROSIS VECTORS VIRUS INHIBITION VIRUS TRANSMISSION Virus diseases USE VI ROSES VIRUS INHIBITION E BT DISEASE CONTROL NT ANTI SERA RT VIROSES -295-

VIRUS TRANSMISSION E NT NONPERSISTENT VIRUSES PERSISTENT VIRUSES BT DISEASE TRANSMISSION RT VECTORS VI ROSES Vitamin Bl USE THIAMIN Vitamin B2 USE RIBOFLAVIN Vi tamrn B6 USE PYRIDOXINE Vitamin C USE ASCORBIC ACID VITAMIN CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION NT ASCORBIC ACID BIOTIN CHOLINE NICOTINIC ACID PANTOTHENIC ACID PYRIDOXINE RIBOFLAVIN THI AMIN VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES G BT DEFICIENCIES Vi tamrn H USE BIOTIN Voandzeia subterranea USE BAMBARRA GROUNDNUTS -296- ~

I WALLBOARDS G UF BOARDS GYPSUM BOARDS INSULATING BOARDS PARTICLE BOARDS BT INDUSTRIAL USES RT BUILDING INDUSTRY Wal 1s (cell) USE CELL WALLS WAREHOUSES F UF GODOWNS BT STORAGE STRUCTURES WASTE UTILIZATION G RT FEEDS AND FEEDING INDUSTRIALIZATION USES WASTES WASTES F UF REFUSE NT STUBBLE RT PRODUCTIVITY WASTE UTILIZATION WATER CONTENT F BT COMPOSITION WATER IMPOUNDING D UF STORAGE (WATER) WATER STORAGE BT WATER MANAGEMENT WATER-LOGGING D RT WATER REQUIREMENTS WATER MANAGEMENT D UF MANAGEMENT (WATER) NT EROSION IRRIGATION RUN-OFF WATER IMPOUNDING RT DRAINAGE WATER REQUIREMENT~ -297-

WATER REQUIREMENTS D UF MOISTURE BT CULTIVATION RT CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS DROUGHT ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS RAINFALL SOIL REQUIREMENTS TRAN SP I RATION WATER-LOGGING WATER MANAGEMENT WATER STRESS Water storage USE WATER IMPOUNDING WATER STRESS D BT STRESS FACTORS RT WATER REQUIREMENTS Watering equipment USE IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT WAXES F BT LIPID CONTENT Weathering (plant) USE PLANT WEATHERING Weaver birds USE QUELEA QUELEA WEED CONTROL E BT PLANT PROTECTION NT HERBICIDES STRIGOL RT WEEDING WEEDS WEEDING D UF HAND WEEDING BT CUL TI VAT ION RT COVER CROPS HOEING WEED CONTROL -298-

Weedkillers USE HERBICIDES WEEDS E SN Use this descriptor for all except weeds of highly significant interest BT PESTS NT STRIGA RT WEED CONTROL Weight (seed} USE SEED WEIGHT WET MILLING F BT MILLING WET SEASON D UF MONSOON SEASON RAINY SEASON BT SEASONS WHEAT D SN As rotational or intercrop with sorghum or millet UF CORN (British usage} BT CEREALS Wheat (Egyptian} USE SHALLU WIND EFFECTS D BT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Wind pollination USE POLLINATION WINNOWING F BT PROCESSING WINTER D BT SEASONS Witchweed USE STRIGA -299-

Work plans USE DEVELOPMENT Work programs USE DEVELOPMENT Workers USE LABOUR -300-

XANTHOMONAS HOLCICOLA E UF BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK BT BACTERIOSES XYLEM B BT VASCULAR TISSUES -301-

Yeast products USE FERMENTATION PRODUCTS Yellow cholam USE DURRAS Yield (grain) USE GRAIN YI ELD Yield (seed) USE GRAIN YIELD

YIELD COMPONENTS H RT YIELDS YIELD INCREASE c BT BREEDING AIMS RT YIELD COMPONENTS YIELDS

YIELD LOSS H UF LOSS OF YIELD REDUCTION OF YIELD YIELD REDUCTION BT YIELDS RT CROP LOSSES Yield reduction USE YIELD LOSS

YIELDS H NT GRAIN YIELD YIELD LOSS RT PRODUCTIVITY YIELD COMPONENTS YIELD INCREASE -302- e ZEATIN B BT CYTOKININS Zero tillage USE NO-TILLAGE ZINC D IJF Zn BT MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS ZIN EB E LIF DITHANE Z-78 BT FUNGICIDES Zn U5E ZINC Zonate leaf spot USE GLOEOCERCOSPORA SORGHI Zv1yo IJSE FINGER MILLET ZYGOTES c NT HETEROZYGOTES HOMOZYGOTES RT GAMETES -303-

REFERENCES

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Zadoks, J C , Chang, T T & Konzak, C F 1974 A decimal code for growth stages of cereals Eucarpia Bull No 7