DOCSLIB.ORG

Glossary of Chess Terms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glossary of Chess Terms 18_049839 glos.qxp 11/2/06 5:57 PM Page 272 Glossary of Chess Terms # Check notation. + Checkmate notation. ++ Double checkmate notation. ? Bad move notation. ?? Very bad move notation. algebraic notation A method for recording chess moves that uses the letters a–h to describe the board’s ranks and the numbers 1–8 to describe the board’s files. The letters K, Q, R, B, N describe each of the pieces. The notation Ng1-f3 describes the movement of the Knight from g1 to f3. attack An aggressive move or set of moves aimed at winning material or delivering checkmate to the enemy King. back rank mate A Rook or Queen checks the enemy King along the back rank, and the King’s escape is blocked by its own pawn. bad Bishop A Bishop with limited mobility due to its own pawns being fixed on its color. capture A capture is the movement of a piece onto the square occupied by an enemy piece. That enemy piece is immediately removed from the board. castling The only move in chess that moves two pieces, the King and Rook, at the same time. The King moves two squares toward the Rook. The Rook is then moved to the other side of the King. To castle, the King and Rook must not have previously moved. You cannot castle out of, through, or into check. center The squares d4, e4, d5, and e5 comprise the center. The squares immediately surrounding these four squares are sometimes included in the definition. In the opening phase of the game, both players often fight for control over these key squares. check A check is a move that attacks a King. On the very next move, the King must end the attack, either by moving to a safe square, capturing the attacking piece, or by blocking the attack. Note that you are not required to say “check.” 272 18_049839 glos.qxp 11/2/06 5:57 PM Page 273 checkmate The end of a chess game occurs when there is an attack on a King (a check) from which there is no escape. Note that the King is not actually removed from the board. correspondence chess A form of chess in which two players compete through the mail. Today, e-mail chess is becoming as or more popular than postal chess—the sending of post cards that contain chess moves. diagonals The chessboard has alternating black and white squares. The white and black squares form diagonals that cut through the board. Some of the diagonals are longer than others. Placing a Bishop on the longest diagonals, for example the diagonal stretching from a1 through h8, can increase their scope. discovered checks You move a piece, which exposes an attack from the piece behind it. double check When moving a piece exposes a check from behind it, while the piece itself also gives check. draw A completed chess game that has no winner. Both players can agree to a draw at any time. See also definition of stalemate on page 275. Other types of draws are discussed in Chapter 2, “Special Moves.” en passant When a pawn moves forward two squares, a pawn on an adjacent file can capture, only on its next move, the pawn as if it had moved forward only one square. The rule was introduced to make sure that a pawn could not advance all the way down the board without an adjacent pawn hav- ing an opportunity to capture it. endgame The final phase of the game, often distinguished by a simplified amount of material. fianchetto A pawn structure that permits a player to place a Bishop quickly on one of the board’s long diagonals. For example, advancing a pawn from g2 to g3 permits white to continue with Bf1-g2, fianchettoing white’s light-squared Bishop. file The chessboard contains eight vertical columns or files. In chess, we identify each file with a dif- ferent letter, a–h. And so, white’s left-most file is the a-file; the right-most file is the h-file. flanks Files that are on the outside edges of the board (a, b, g, or h files). fork An attack, usually by Knight, on two enemy pieces at the same time. Forks of more than two pieces are called family forks. 273 18_049839 glos.qxp 11/2/06 5:57 PM Page 274 gambit A gambit is a move or an opening that offers a pawn or more in exchange for control over the center, a file, or a key square. The most famous opening gambits are the King’s Gambit (1.e2-e4 e7-e4 2.f2-f4) and the Queen’s Gambit (1.d2-d4 d7-d5 2.c2-c4). good Bishop A Bishop that is able to attack the opponent’s fixed pawns (pawns that are unable to move). illegal move A move that is in violation of the laws of chess. When discovered, the game should be returned to the exact point that the illegal move occurred. The player who made the illegal move must then make a legal move with the piece that was moved illegally. Kingside The Kingside refers to the area on the side of the board on which the King began the game. On white’s side of the board, for example, the term usually refers to the squares f1, g1, h1, f2, g2, h2, and f3, g3, h3. The expression, attacking white’s Kingside, will usually refer to a piece- or pawn- led attack on at least one of those squares. Knight fork An attack by a Knight on two or more pieces at the same time. middlegame The phase of a chess game after the opening in which both sides use their developed pieces to contest important squares or regions of the board and begin to attack each other’s King positions. passed pawn A pawn that no longer must face enemy pawns as it advances toward its Queening square. pawn chain A group of pawns set along a diagonal. The weakest pawn is the pawn in the rear of the chain because none of the other pawns can defend it. Most players, therefore, attack pawn chains at the weakest point, the pawn in the rear of the chain. perpetual check A never ending series of checks. pin There are two types of pins. An absolute pin is an attack on a piece that cannot now move because doing so would expose an attack on the King. A relative pin is an attack on a piece that can legally move, but doing so would expose an attack on a powerful and more valuable piece like the Queen. Queening square The square on the eighth rank on which a pawn, having reached it, will promote from a pawn to a Knight, Bishop, Rook, or Queen. Most players promote to a Queen, the most power- ful piece. Hence the name. 274 18_049839 glos.qxp 11/2/06 5:57 PM Page 275 Queenside The Queenside refers to the area on the side of the board on which the Queen began the game. On white’s side of the board, for example, the term usually refers to the squares a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, and a3, b3, c3. The expression, attacking white’s Queenside, will usually refer to a piece- or pawn-led attack on at least one of those squares. rank The chessboard contains eight horizontal rows or ranks. In chess, we identify each rank with a different number, 1–8. And so, white’s bottom-most rank is the first rank. White’s top-most rank is the eighth rank. skewer An attack on a piece that results, after the retreat of the attacked piece, in the win of a more distant piece along that same rank, file, or diagonal. stalemate A special situation in which a player has no legal moves anywhere on the board, and the King is not in check. The result is a draw. United States Chess Federation The official governing body of American chess. Visit their website at www.uschess.org. 275.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parallel Chess Searching and Bitboards
    Parallel Chess Searching and Bitboards David Ravn Rasmussen August 2004 Abstract In order to make chess programs faster and thus stronger, the two approaches of parallelizing the search and of using clever data structures have been suc- cessful in the past. In this project it is examined how the use of a specific data structure called a bitboard affects the performance of parallel search. For this, a realistic bitboard chess program with important modern enhance- ments is implemented, and several experiments are done to evaluate the performance of the implementation. A maximum speedup of 9.2 on 22 pro- cessors is achieved in one experiment and a maximum speedup of 9.4 on 12 processors is achieved in another experiment. These results indicate that bitboards are a realistic choice of data structure in a parallel chess program, although the considerable difference in the two results suggests that more research could be done to clarify what factors affect such an implementation, and how. I II Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 The Game Of Chess 5 2.1 TheBoard............................. 6 2.2 TheArmies ............................ 6 2.3 TheMoves............................. 6 2.3.1 TheBishop ........................ 7 2.3.2 TheRook ......................... 7 2.3.3 TheQueen ........................ 8 2.3.4 TheKnight ........................ 8 2.3.5 TheKing ......................... 8 2.3.6 ThePawn ......................... 10 2.4 TheEnd.............................. 11 3 Game Trees and Searching 13 3.1 GameTrees ............................ 13 3.2 SearchAlgorithms ........................ 15 3.2.1 Minimax.......................... 16 3.2.2 Negamax ......................... 18 3.2.3 Evaluation......................... 18 3.2.4 Alpha-BetaSearch . 20 4 Search Algorithm Improvements 25 4.1 AspirationWindows .
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Najdorf Sicilian Focus on the Critical D5 Squar One the Most Common Openings in the Past 50 Years Is the Najdorf Variation Of
    1 Najdorf Sicilian will try to keep full control over the d5 Focus on the Critical d5 Squar square, and try to maintain the possibility of placing and keeping a piece One the most common openings in the on d5. Fully controlling the d5 square past 50 years is the Najdorf variation of allows white to affect both sides of the the Sicilian Defense. The Najdorf offers board. In order to assure that control, many different possibilities, starting from white wants to trade off black pieces extremely sharp, poison pawn variation that can control d5. For example, he (1. e4, c5 2. nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 wants to play with Bg5, in order to trade Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Bg5 e6 7. f4 Qb6 8. off the Knight on f6. He also will Qd2 Qxb2! ) to extremely positional lines increase the number of his own pieces (1. e4, c5 2. nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 that can control d5, with maneuvers like Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Be2 e5 7. Nb3 ... ) bishop to c4, then b3, and the knight on Somewhere between those two lines is f3 going to d2-c4-e3. It seems that white the following position, which I will try to has full control of the situation. So why explain. 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 does black choose to create this pawn 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be3 e5 7.Nf3 structure? The answer is because this is Diagram one of the rare Sicilian pawn structures abcdef gh that gives the black side a slight space advantage.
    [Show full text]
  • A Manual in Chess Game the Unity Asset
    Manual to Chess Game – Unity Asset Introduction This document details how the unity asset called Chess Game works. If you have any questions you can contact me at [email protected] Code documentation: http://readytechtools.com/ChessGame/ManualChessGame.pdf Content Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1 Board representation..................................................................................................................................2 Generating Moves.......................................................................................................................................3 Testing legality of moves.............................................................................................................................3 Special Moves(Castling, EnPassant and Pawn promotions).........................................................................4 AI Opponent................................................................................................................................................4 FAQ..............................................................................................................................................................5 Board representation The board is represented in two ways. The visual board that the end user sees and interacts. This visual board is primarily handled by cgChessBoardScript.cs which inherits from MonoBehaviour and has editable properties
    [Show full text]
  • Rules & Regulations for the Candidates Tournament of the FIDE
    Rules & regulations for the Candidates Tournament of the FIDE World Championship cycle 2012-2014 1. Organisation 1. 1 The Candidates Tournament to determine the challenger for the 2014 World Chess Championship Match shall be organised in the first quarter of 2014 and represent an integral part of the World Chess Championship regulations for the cycle 2012- 2014. Eight (8) players will participate in the Candidates Tournament and the winner qualifies for the World Chess Championship Match in the first quarter of 2014. 1. 2 Governing Body: the World Chess Federation (FIDE). For the purpose of creating the regulations, communicating with the players and negotiating with the organisers, the FIDE President has nominated a committee, hereby called the FIDE Commission for World Championships and Olympiads (hereinafter referred to as WCOC) 1. 3 FIDE, or its appointed commercial agency, retains all commercial and media rights of the Candidates Tournament, including internet rights. These rights can be transferred to the organiser upon agreement. 1. 4 Upon recommendation by the WCOC, the body responsible for any changes to these Regulations is the FIDE Presidential Board. 1. 5 At any time in the course of the application of these Regulations, any circumstances that are not covered or any unforeseen event shall be referred to the President of FIDE for final decision. 2. Qualification for the 2014 Candidates Tournament The players who qualify for the Candidates Tournament are determined according to the following, in order of priority: 2. 1 World Championship Match 2013 - The player who lost the 2013 World Championship Match qualifies. 2. 2 World Cup 2013 - The two (2) top winners of the World Cup 2013 qualify.
    [Show full text]
  • Pop-Up Course Catalogue (May 2020) Please Read Through the Following Course Descriptions to Help You Make Your Choices for Indep
    Pop-Up Course Catalogue (May 2020) Please read through the following course descriptions to help you make your choices for independent work and pop-up courses during the weeks of May 11th through the 29th. You will complete a separate Google Form indicating your choices for pop-up ​ courses. Three-Week Offerings (These are classes that will run for all three weeks; you must take all three weeks unless otherwise ​ indicated.) Course Name Teacher Course Description Things Are Looking Up: Ms. Labieniec In this course students will explore some of the most fundamental aspects Astronomy and Your of astronomy with the goal of achieving a better understanding of our Backyard Sky place in the cosmos. Week 1: The scale of space, Week 2: The Scale of time, Week 3: We are stardust. Students will learn to recognize common objects in the night sky and will maintain a weekly observing journal. No telescope necessary! Kia Ora: The Films of Ms. Hatcher In February 2020, Taika Waititi became the first person of indigenous Taika Waititi descent to win an Oscar for his screenplay of Jojo Rabbit. Before he ​ ​ became a fixture in Hollywood, Waititi made a name for himself by writing, directing, and acting in quirky independent films in his native New Zealand. This course will cover three of his first full-length films: The Hunt ​ for the Wilderpeople (week 1), Boy (week 2), and Eagle vs. Shark (week ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3). We will explore the ways that Waititi combines his Maori heritage, his Kiwi sense of humor, and his love of the natural beauty of New Zealand in his films.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Chess Rules
    Basic chess rules Setting up the board: The board should be set up with the white square in the nearest row on the right, “white on the right”. If this isn’t done the king and queen will be mixed up. Shake hands across the board before the game starts. White always moves first. Ranks and files: Going from left to right, the vertical rows on the board, called files, are labeled a through h. The horizontal rows, called ranks, are numbered 1 to 8. The 1 is white’s side of the board; 8 is black’s side. This system can be used to show what square a piece is on in a way like the game Battleship. When the board is set up the square a1 will be on the white player’s left side. Pieces and how they move: In our club, once you move a piece and take your hand off it, you cannot change your move, unless your opponent lets you, which they do not need to do. However, you may touch a piece, consider a move, and put the piece back in its original position, as long as you don’t take your hand off of the piece during the process. Pawn (P): White pawns start on rank two, black pawns on rank 7. The first time a pawn is moved it can move forward either one or two ranks. It cannot jump over another piece. After it has moved once, whether it has moved up one or two, a pawn can only move one square forward at a time, and it cannot move backward.
    [Show full text]
  • Super Human Chess Engine
    SUPER HUMAN CHESS ENGINE FIDE Master / FIDE Trainer Charles Storey PGCE WORLD TOUR Young Masters Training Program SUPER HUMAN CHESS ENGINE Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Power Principles...................................................................................................................................... 4 Human Opening Book ............................................................................................................................. 5 ‘The Core’ Super Human Chess Engine 2020 ......................................................................................... 6 Acronym Algorthims that make The Storey Human Chess Engine ......................................................... 8 4Ps Prioritise Poorly Placed Pieces ................................................................................................... 10 CCTV Checks / Captures / Threats / Vulnerabilities ...................................................................... 11 CCTV 2.0 Checks / Checkmate Threats / Captures / Threats / Vulnerabilities ............................. 11 DAFiii Attack / Features / Initiative / I for tactics / Ideas (crazy) ................................................. 12 The Fruit Tree analysis process ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chess-Training-Guide.Pdf
    Q Chess Training Guide K for Teachers and Parents Created by Grandmaster Susan Polgar U.S. Chess Hall of Fame Inductee President and Founder of the Susan Polgar Foundation Director of SPICE (Susan Polgar Institute for Chess Excellence) at Webster University FIDE Senior Chess Trainer 2006 Women’s World Chess Cup Champion Winner of 4 Women’s World Chess Championships The only World Champion in history to win the Triple-Crown (Blitz, Rapid and Classical) 12 Olympic Medals (5 Gold, 4 Silver, 3 Bronze) 3-time US Open Blitz Champion #1 ranked woman player in the United States Ranked #1 in the world at age 15 and in the top 3 for about 25 consecutive years 1st woman in history to qualify for the Men’s World Championship 1st woman in history to earn the Grandmaster title 1st woman in history to coach a Men's Division I team to 7 consecutive Final Four Championships 1st woman in history to coach the #1 ranked Men's Division I team in the nation pnlrqk KQRLNP Get Smart! Play Chess! www.ChessDailyNews.com www.twitter.com/SusanPolgar www.facebook.com/SusanPolgarChess www.instagram.com/SusanPolgarChess www.SusanPolgar.com www.SusanPolgarFoundation.org SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers © Page 1 7/2/2019 Lesson 1 Lesson goals: Excite kids about the fun game of chess Relate the cool history of chess Incorporate chess with education: Learning about India and Persia Incorporate chess with education: Learning about the chess board and its coordinates Who invented chess and why? Talk about India / Persia – connects to Geography Tell the story of “seed”.
    [Show full text]
  • Positional Attacks
    Positional Attacks Joel Johnson Edited by: Patrick Hammond © Joel Johnson, January 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission from Joel Johnson. Edited by: Patrick Hammond Cover Photography: Barry M. Evans Cover Design and Proofreading: Joel Johnson Game Searching: Joel Johnson, Richard J. Cowan, William Parker, Nick Desmarais Game Contributors: Brian Wall, Jack Young, Clyde Nakamura, James Rizzitano, Keith Hayward, Hal Terrie, Richard Cowan, Jesús Seoane, William Parker, Domingos Perego, Danielle Rice Linares Diagram and Linares Figurine fonts ©1993-2003 by Alpine Electronics, Steve Smith Alpine Electronics 703 Ivinson Ave. Laramie, WY 82070 Email: Alpine Chess Fonts ([email protected]) Website: http://www.partae.com/fonts/ Pressure Gauge graphic Image Copyright Araminta, 2012 Used under license from Shutterstock.com In Memoriam to my step dad and World War II Navy, Purple Heart Recipient, Theodore Kosiavelon, 12/22/1921 – 11/09/2012 CONTENTS Preface 7 Kudos 7 Brian Wall 8 Young Rising Stars 27 Daniil Dubov 27 Wei Yi 30 Section A – Pawn Roles 36 Pawn Structure 37 Ugliest Pawn Structure Ever? 38 Anchoring 41 Alien Pawn 48 Pawn Lever 63 Pawn Break 72 Center Pawn Mass 75 Isolated Pawn 94 Black Strategy 95 White Strategy 96 Eliminate the Isolated Pawn Weakness with d4-d5 96 Sacrifices on e6 & f7 , Often with f2-f4-f5 Played 99 Rook Lift Attack 104 Queenside Play 111 This Is Not Just
    [Show full text]
  • Chess Rules Ages 10 & up • for 2 Players
    Front (Head to Head) Prints Pantone 541 Blue Chess Rules Ages 10 & Up • For 2 Players Contents: Game Board, 16 ivory and 16 black Play Pieces Object: To threaten your opponent’s King so it cannot escape. Play Pieces: Set Up: Ivory Play Pieces: Black Play Pieces: Pawn Knight Bishop Rook Queen King Terms: Ranks are the rows of squares that run horizontally on the Game Board and Files are the columns that run vertically. Diagonals run diagonally. Position the Game Board so that the red square is at the bottom right corner for each player. Place the Ivory Play Pieces on the first rank from left to right in order: Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen, King, Bishop, Knight and Rook. Place all of the Pawns on the second rank. Then place the Black Play Pieces on the board as shown in the diagram. Note: the Ivory Queen will be on a red square and the black Queen will be on a black space. Play: Ivory always plays first. Players alternate turns. Only one Play Piece may be moved on a turn, except when castling (see description on back). All Play Pieces must move in a straight path, except for the Knight. Also, the Knight is the only Play Piece that is allowed to jump over another Play Piece. Play Piece Moves: A Pawn moves forward one square at a time. There are two exceptions to this rule: 1. On a Pawn’s first move, it can move forward one or two squares. 2. When capturing a piece (see description on back), a Pawn moves one square diagonally ahead.
    [Show full text]
  • See Contents
    Technical Editor: IM Sergey Soloviov Translation by: GM Evgeny Ermenkov The publishers would like to thank Phil Adams for advice regarding the English translation. Cover design by: Kalojan Nachev Copyright © Alexei Kornev 2013 Printed in Bulgaria by “Chess Stars” Ltd. - Sofia ISBN13: 978 954 8782 93-7 Alexei Kornev A Practical White Repertoire with 1.d4 and 2.c4 Volume 1: The Complete Queen’s Gambit Chess Stars Bibliography Books A Strategic Chess Opening Repertoire for White by Watson, Gambit 2012 Playing 1.d4. The Queen’s Gambit by Schandorff, Quality Chess 2012 The Complete Slav Book 1 by Sakaev, St Peterburg 2012 The French Defence Reloaded by Vitiugov, Chess Stars 2012 The Meran & Anti-Meran Variations by Dreev, Chess Stars 2011 The Tarrasch Defence, by Aagaard and Ntrilis, Quality Chess 2011 The Queen’s Gambit Accepted by Raetsky and Chetverik, Moscow 2009 Grandmaster Repertoire 1.d4, volume one, by Avrukh, Quality Chess 2008 The Queens Gambit Accepted by Sakaev and Semkov, Chess Stars 2008 Electronic/Periodicals 64-Chess Review (Moscow) Chess Informant New in chess Yearbook Correspondence Database 2013 Mega Database 2013 4 Contents Preface . 7 Part 1. Black avoids the main lines 1.d4 d5 2.c4 1 2...c5 . 10 2 2...Bf5 . 16 3 The Chigorin Defence 2...Nc6 . 22 4 The Albin Counter-gambit 2...e5 . 36 Part 2. The Queen’s Gambit Accepted 1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.e3 5 3...c5; 3...e5 . 53 6 3...Nf6 4.Bxc4 e6 . 63 7 3...e6 4.Bxc4 Nf6 5.Nf3 c5 6.0-0 a6 .
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Checkmates Your Players Should Know
    12 Checkmates your players should know. Hi guys I continue in the vein of useful things coaches can do to improve their players. I call this 12 Checkmates players should know, but coaches should teach/coach their players pattern recognition and you can do this by working in themes. So the idea is to give your players a lot of practice in recognising these positions…that is pieces on the board. Players should try to see the pattern and look at how the major pieces are placed in order to achieve the checkmate. The puzzle/problems should be set up in such a way that the player can easily spot the solution. Now the player should look at marker indicators of which they make a mental ingrain, because the coach will expose them to enough examples. As the examples becomes more complexed/complicated or challenging as I like to call it, the player will still easily spot the solution as they know what to look for and their brain search for patterns and or ingrain marked indicators. The twelve checkmates are in no specific order, but these can easily be used as themes by coaches: King and queen mate Pawn mate Back-rank checkmate Diagonal checkmate Smothered mate Bishop and Knight fianchetto checkmate Anastacia’s mate Two bishops Queen and Bishop pin mate Queen and Bishop Queen and Rook Battery Rook and Bishop Checkmate On the next page you will find a worksheet with illustrations of the 12 checkmates. Enjoy! Till next time, burn the chess candle on both ends.
    [Show full text]