Unibersidad Ng Pilipinas-‐Maynila Kolehiyo Ng Agham at Sining

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Unibersidad Ng Pilipinas-‐Maynila Kolehiyo Ng Agham at Sining Unibersidad ng Pilipinas-Maynila Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining Departamento ng Agham Panlipunan Kalsada at Kababaihan: Kritikal na Pagsusuri sa mga Pagbabagong Idinulot ng Pagpapagawa ng mga Farm to Market Roads sa Sosyo-Ekonomikong Kalagayan at Pampulitikang Kamalayan ng Sektor ng Kababaihan Ipinasa ni Dianne Lane B. Lopez 2012-62050 BA Development Studies Ipinasa kay Propesor Reginald Vallejos Tagapayo Mayo 2016 Unibersidad ng Pilipinas- Maynila Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining Padre Faura, Ermita, Maynila Pahina ng Pagpapatibay Bilang bahagi ng katuparan para makamit ang antas/titulong Batsilyer sa Sining, Dalubhasa sa Araling Pangkaunlaran, ang tesis na ito na pinamagatang “Kalsada at Kababaihan: Kritikal na Pagsusuri sa mga Pagbabagong Idinulot ng Pagpapagawa ng mga Farm to Market Roads sa Sosyo-ekonomikong Kalagayan at Pampulitikang Kamalayan ng Sektor ng Kababaihan”, na inihanda at isinumite ni Dianne Lane B. Lopez, ay inirerekomenda ngayon para sa pagpapasiya. ____________________________ Professor Reginald Vallejos, MPA Tagapayo sa Tesis Tinanggap at pinagtibay bilang bahagi ng pagtupad sa pangangailangan ng kursong Batsilyer sa Sining, Dalubhasa sa Araling Pangkaunlaran. ____________________________ Professor Jerome A. Ong, MA Tagapangulo Departamento ng Agham Panlipunan ii Pasasalamat Unang-una, salamat sa Panginoong Hesus na nagbigay sa akin ng gabay at karunungan upang magtagumpay. Sa apat na taon kong pananatili dito sa unibersidad, hindi ko kailanman naramdamang iniwan ako ng Diyos. Dumaan man ako sa maraming pagsubok, hindi naglaho ang Kanyang katapatan sa akin. Totoo ang Kanyang mga salita: “Ngunit kung ang sinuman sa inyo ay kulang sa karunungan, humingi siya sa Diyos at siya'y bibigyan, sapagkat ang Diyos ay nagbibigay ng sagana at di nanunumbat.” Pangalawa, salamat sa aking mga magulang. Pangarap ko na lagi kayong bigyan ng kagalakan sa mga tagumpay na naabot ko sa loob ng pamantasan. Hindi lingid sa akin ang inyong pagpapagal upang mapag-aral kami ni Lianne. Salamat sa buong-buo niyong suporta sa akin, lalo na sa pagsusulat ko ng tesis ko. Hindi ko man maisa-isa ang mga ibinigay ninyo sa akin, nais ko naman kayong ipagmalaki sa lahat ng makakabasa ng aking tesis. Salamat po sa pagmamahal, suporta, paghatid-sundo sa akin mula sa mga coffee shop (pati na rin sa badyet ko para makabili ng kape), at sa mga simpleng pagkamusta sa akin sa kasagsagan ng stress at mga pag- aaalinlangan ko dito. Salamat po sa inyo at mahal na mahal ko kayo. Ikatlo, salamat kay Lianne at Nichole sa pagsama kay Ate Dianne sa mga coffee shop. Sa simpleng pagsama ninyo na ito ay napagaan niyo na ang kalooban ko. Salamat. iii Ika-apat, salamat sa aking pamilya mula sa Jesus Reigns Ministries Bulakan. Mula sa inyong mga panalangin ay nakaramdam ako ng kalakasan. Salamat kay Pstr. Sonny, Pstra. Ruth, Ptr. CJ (lalo na sa pag-alalay sa akin sa pagsusuri sa mga resulta ng survey ko) , Ate Ai, Zoe, Ate Liezl, Ate Suzette (pati kay Wayne), Ate Karissa, Ate Lhen, Hazel at Jessa. Pagpalain pa po nawa kayo ng ating Panginoon. Ika-lima, salamat sa aking Nanay Frisca at Tatay Rogel, kasama na si Tita Flory. Salamat din kay Tita Irene at kay Ate Sel. Hindi magiging posible ang lahat ng ito kung wala rin kayo. Salamat po. Ika-anim, salamat kay Dani, Jeca, Pat at Nina na nakasama ko sa condo sa huling taon ko dito sa unibersidad. Hindi malilimutan ang ating mga sleepless nights at breakdown moments dahil sa tesis. Ika-pito, salamat sa Kashieca (Hindi ko po tinutukoy ang clothing line. Ito kasi ang tawag sa grupo namin nila Eiya at Mik). Alam ninyo naman na kung bakit ko kayo sinama dito. Salamat sa suporta ninyong dalawa. Mahal na mahal ko kayo, kasama na ang SLIPS. Ika-walo, salamat sa Block 5 DevStud. Hindi madaling harapin ang katotohanang maghihiwalay na tayo pagdating ng araw, pero masasabi kong hindi rin naman matutumbasan ang mga sandaling magkakasama tayo na puno ng iv kasiyahan (#BlockParteeeh), pagdadamayan(#thesis), at pagkakaisa (#Para2015). Salamat sa inyo. Mahal ko kayo, blockmates. Ika-siyam, salamat sa mga propesor ko na hindi biro ang naging paggabay sa akin sa pagtahak ko ng landas na ito. Salamat po sa inyong lahat lalo na kila Sir John, Sir Simbulan at Sir Mesina na hindi napagod kamustahin ako sa lagay ng tesis ko. #pressure At panghuli sa lahat, isang espesyal na pagkilala at pasasalamat sa aking tagapayo na kung wala siya ay hindi magiging posible ang pagpapa-bind ko sa tesis ko. Lubos ang aking pasasalamat at pagkilala kay Propesor Reggie Vallejos. Salamat po sa walang hanggang pagsagot sa mga tanong ko ukol sa tesis. Salamat po sa mga pagpapalakas ng loob naming Team Vallejos sa tuwing nakakaranas kami ng emotional breakdowns dahil sa tesis. Salamat po sa mga pagtutuwid sa mga mali naming naisulat, at higit sa lahat, salamat po sa paniniwala na kaya naming magtagumpay sa tesis namin. Sir, salamat po sa inyo. #TeamVallejosForTheWin #ServeThePeople v Abstrakt Ginagalugad ng pag-aaral na ito ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng sektor ng kababaihan at ang pagkakaroon ng mga maaayos na kalsada o farm to market roads sa ilang lugar ng Bulakan at ilang barangay sa Hacienda Luisita. Nangingibabaw dito ang iba’t ibang usaping may kaugnayan sa sosyo-ekonomikong pag-unlad ng mga kababaihan. Tinatalakay din nito ang mga pagbabagong naidulot sa kanilang kita, kalusugan, kapaligiran at pampulitikang kamalayan buhat ng magkaroon ng FMR. Ang pananaliksik ay isinagawa sa pamamagitan ng pinaghalong pamamaraan ng qualitative at quantitative na metodolohiya. Nakipag-usap ang mananaliksik sa iba’t ibang opisinang may kaugnayan sa paksa. Nagsagawa rin ang mananaliksik ng survey sa mga kababaihang nakatira at naapektuhan ng pagpapagawa ng FMR. Nilayong maipakita ng tesis na ito kung paano madadalumat ang isang simpleng kalsada bilang tagapaghatid ng kaunlaran sa pamumuhay at kabuhayan ng mga kababaihan. Sa huli, natuklasan na malaki ang naiambag ng pagkakaroon ng maayos na kalsada sa pag-unlad ng kondisyon ng mga kababaihan. Ipinakita ito sa pagtaas ng kita, pagtaas ng akses sa mga batayang serbisyo tulad ng edukasyon at serbisyong pangkalusugan, pagbibigay-buhay sa mga bagong negosyo at kabuhayan sa kanayunan, at ang pinabilis na modo ng transportasyon para sa mga kababaihan. Binubuksan din ng mga resulta ng tesis ang isa pang malawak na diskusyon at vi debate ukol sa pagpapataas pa ng partisipasyon ng kababaihan sa mga proyektong pangkaunlaran tulad ng mga FMRs sa pamamagitan ng konsultasyon at pag- eengganyo sa kanila na makasali sa empleo at sa pagpapanatili ng kondisyon ng kalsada sa kani-kanilang mga lugar. vii Daglat ADB - Asian Development Bank FMR - Farm to Market Road GAD - Gender And Development MDG - Millenium Development Goals PCW - Philippine Commission on Women VAW - Violence Against Women WID - Women In Development viii Mga Talaan 74 na mga Probinsyang pasok sa proyektong KALSADA ……………………………….. 36 Badyet ng FMR Development Program (2014) ……………………………………………... 39 Trabaho ng mga Kababaihan ………………………...……………………………………………... 56 Antas ng Edukasyong Naabot ……………………………………………...……………………..... 71 Kahulugan ng Kahirapan ……………...……………………………………………………............... 110 Kahulugan ng Katarungan ……………………..………………………….……………………......... 111 Kahulugan ng Kaunlaran ……………...……………………………………………………............... 113 ix TALAAN NG NILALAMAN Abstrakt ……………………………………………………………………………………..………………… vi Daglat …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………… viii Talaan …………………………………………………………………………………………….…………… ix Kabanata I Mungkahing Pag-aaral Introduksyon ………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 5 Paglalahad ng problema …………………………………………………………………………...…. 7 Layunin …………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 8 Kahalagahan ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Saklaw at limitasyon ………………………………..………………………..……………. 12 Kaugnay na literatura ……………………………………..…………….……………..….. 13 Metodolohiya …………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Disenyo. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 Pangangalap ng datos …………………………………………………………………….. 22 Populasyon at sampling …………………………………………………………………… 24 Teoretikal na Pananaw ………………………………………………………….…………. 26 Konseptwal na Pananaw ………………………………………………………….………. 28 Kabanata II Kalsada at Kaunlaran Farm to market roads………………………………………………………………………………… 32 1 Kabanata III Kahirapan at Kababaihan Kahulugan ng Kahirapan………………………………………………………………… 40 Kahirapan sa Pilipinas…………………………………………………………………….. 41 Polisiyang kontra-kahirapan ng kababaihan…………………………………….. 42 Kabanata IV Presentasyon at Pagsusuri ng Datos Presentasyon at Pagsusuri ng Datos Propayl ng lugar……………………………………………………………………………… 47 Sosyo-ekonomiko at Pampulitikang Pagbabago Kita………………………………………………………………………………...……………… 50 Kritikal na Pagsusuri …………………………..………………………………... 70 Edukasyon………………………………..…………………………………………………… 72 Kritikal na Pagsusuri …………………………..……………………………….. 80 Kalusugan……………………………….…………………………………………………….. 82 Kritikal na Pagsusuri …………………………..……………………………… 87 Kapaligiran …………………………………………………………………………………. 88 Kritikal na Pagsusuri …………………………..……………………………… 96 Panlipunan (Social) ……………………………………………………………………… 98 Kritikal na Pagsusuri …………………………..……………………………….108 Pampulitika/Pananaw…………………………..………………………………….…... 110 Kritikal na Pagsusuri …………………………..……………………….……… 117 Kabanata V Konklusyon at Rekomendasyon 2 Konklusyon ……………………………………………………………………………………… 119 Rekomendasyon………………………………………………………………………………. 122 Bibliograpiya …………………………………………………………………………………………....…. 129 Apendiks …………………………………….…………………………………………………..………..… 135 3 Mabigat ang mga salitang ‘tuwid na daan’ Lalo na kung mga kalye sa Pilipinas ang usapan. 4 Kabanata I : Mungkahing
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