~~ CENSUS OF INDIA 1981

SERIES-20

TAMIL NADU

PART VII

TABLES ON HOUSES AND DISABLED POPULATION

A. P. MUTHUSWAMI OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS TAMIL NADU CENSUS OF INDIA

SERIES 20-TAMIL NADU PUBLICATION PROGRAMME \·t// ParN~A AdministraAion Report Enumeration .... , '. } For Official Use only . Part I-B Administration Rep()ft Tabulation "'Part [I-A General Population Tables. "'Part II-B Primary Census Abstract. Part TU-A General Economic Tables_ Part III-B General Economic Tables. Part IV-A Social and Cullural Tables.

Part IV-B Social a.nd Cultural Table~. Part V-A Migration Tables. Part V-B Migration Tables. Part VI-A Fertility Tables.

Part Vl-n Fertility Tables. tPart VII Tables on Houses and Disabled Population. Pan VIII-A Household Tables. Pan VIII-B Household Tables. PaTt VIII-C Report on Households.

Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes. Part X-A Town Director) (State Volume).

PHt X-B Survey Reports on Selected Towns. Part X-C Survey Report on Selected Villages_

PaTt Xl Ethnographic notes and Special Studies on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Part XU Census Atlas. Pan XIII District Census Handbooks. Part A: Village and Town DireclOry. Par( B: Vtllage and Town-wise Primary Census Abstrac(. tPresent volume. 'Already printed.

(ii) PREFACE

A detailed report on houses along with certain tables compiled out of the data gathered during the 'Houselisting' operations is brought out since 1961 by the Cen­ sus Organisation. As in the past, this preliminary operation of 'Houselisting' was conducted in Tamil Nadu in advance of the actua11981 Census. The field work of tml'; operation took pJace during July-August, 1980 at which time the schedules 'Houselist' and 'Enttrprise Ust' were canvassed. The Houselist sche­ dule has been considerably l>implified this time with fewer questions because of the simultaneous canvassing of an additional detailed questionnaire on enterprises, as part of the Economic Census conducted periodically. The 'Enterprise List' was canvassed by Census Organisatjon on behalf of the Central Statistical Organisation.

In the 1971 Census, the Housing Report and Tables dealt with a variety­ of information, like uses of houses, walljroofmaterial of houses, households by num­ ber of living rooms occupied, tenure status of households and household size. The pr<;:sent volume, hO'NeVel, d.:als with only two aspects, viz., use of Census houses and data on three types of physically disabled persons.

Apart from the uses of census hou:.es ddailed information about the cons­ truction mat6rial of houses facilities avallable in the households and certain other pal'ticulals about households have been gathered through 'Household Schedule'. Unlike in the plevious census the above information were collected dUling the main census. These: data will be published in a separate volume i.e. in part VIll­ A & B "Household Tables".

Data on handicapped persons have been gathered during this Census after a lapse of five dech.des as such data were gathered during the 1931 Censu~. The three types of disabilIties about which information have been gathered are totally blind, totally crippled ana totally dumb. As early as 1977, when draft questionnahes were beili!; prepared, the Registrar General, India received requel'.t from the Mini&try of Education and Social Welfare, Government of India that data on physical dis­ aoilities should be collected through the Census, in the context Ol the proclamation of the yea! 1981 as the 'International Year for th~ disabled persons' by the United Nations at its 3 ht session. Besides, it was felt that the data relating, to physically handicapped persons would be of immenSe use to Gavel nmental and voluntalY organisations fer formuia.tinp; soda1 security measures for the disabled persons. The repclt analy&ing the data flom the two Tables H-I and H-2 is presented. in this volume

(iii) (iv)

My grateful thanks are due to Shri P. Padml-mabha, Registrar General, India, whose excellent guidance has enabled us to complete this ploject. I also thank the other officers of the Registrar General"s office who hdped us in the prepamtion of the two tables in this volume and in patticular the officers of the Data Processing Divi"ion for generating th(;' computt:rised Table H-I. I acknow ledgt the services of Shri N. Rama Rao, now AssIstant Re.\;llitrar Ge-neJal, India and formerly Deputy Director of Census Operatiom in Madras, who helped me much in the conduct of the Houselisting work and in the processing of the schedules. The table on disabled population was prepared at our office under the super_ vision of Shri A.V. Vallinathan, Assistant Dire(;tor. He was assisted by Shri M. Thangavelu, Shri S. Ranganathan and Shri T.R. Krishnan, Statistical Ass.istants. This table was prepared manually with the help of the fixed-pay staff, appointed for this purpose. The draft report for this volume was prepaled by Shri R. Narayanan, ASSIstant Director under the able guidance of Shri M. Thanga­ raJu, Deputy Director of Census Operations and 1 must acknowledge the good work done by them.

\ The other officjals who helped in the preparation and checking of tables contained in the report are Smt. M.V. Rajalakshmi, Tabulation Officer, K. Madhavan, Smt. G. Vasantha and Smt M.e. Vijayalakshmi, Computers. The maps chdrts included in this book have been prepared by the Cartography Sec­ tion headed by Shri Jogesh Das, Senior Geographer, assisted by Shri A. Rajamani, Senior Artist, Shri N. Chandran, Artist and Shri M. Kothandaraman, Hand PR"SS Machine Operator. I wish to acknowledge the 3.ble servicLS of the above officials in the preproration afthis volume. I must also thank Shri V. Narasimhan, Manager and S iShri S. Ranganathan and K. A. Sivasubramanian, Assistant Managers and other Officers of the Government of India Press, Coimbatore who envinced much interest in the printing I.J this volume. I trust the volume will be found useful by te:o.earchers, planners, Government DepaJtments and other data users.

MADRAS A.P. MUTHUSW AMI Augtis t ] 983 Direcio;' of Census Operations Tamil Nadu CONTENTS

PAGES Preface (iii) REPORT Chapter I-Introduction.

Chapter 2-Census Heuses Bnd the uses te which they are put 12 Chapter 3-Disa.bled Population 32

Chapter 4 -Conclusion 40

TABLES Table H-I-Census Houses and the uses to which they are put 43 Table H-2-Disabled Population by type of Disat>iJity 49

APPENDICES Appendix I -Instructions to Enumeraton for filling up the Houselist 77 Appendix II-Format of the Schedule 'Enterpri5e list' and (he 'EnLerprise list Abstract' 111 Appendix III-List of Urba.n Agglomeration and their contsituent units in Tamil Nadu, 1981 113 Appendix IV-Edit instructions for the scrutiny of the Housclist and Instructions fOr the selection of 20 % sample of Houses . . . . , , . , . . 116 Appendix V-Instructions for Edi(;ng and Coding of HouseHst 12l Appendix VI-Sample design and precision of estimates 123

MAPS AND CHARTS Facing Page (i) Administrative divisions 1981 (ii) Census Houses according to their uses 18 (iii) Proportion of mixed dwellings and non-dwe ing houses by categories for urban agglomerations having more than 5 lakh population 19

(iv) Distribution of 100() Census Houses ustd as mixed dwellings and nOil-dwellings 22 (v) Percentage of Census Houses used as mixed dwellings and non-dwellings ill Tamil Nadu 23 (vi) Distribution of Census Houses in d:tferent uses among Rural and Urban areas 30 (vii) Proportion of Disabled population by three categories 34 (viii) Percentage distribution of totally Blind in Tami! Nadu among the district 35 (ix) Pcrcc-ntage distribution of totally Crippled in Tamll Nadu among the dist;ict 34

(X) PtrCell~2gt: distribution of totally Dumb ill Tc_mil Nadu am/Jng the d;stric(, 35 (xi) Distribution of Disabled popUlation by Categories in Class I Cities/Urban agglomeralions 38

(v)

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TAMILNADU ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1931

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Boot<"I>".tfJl'4o I,,,,, ~l,;li"tFoo:tke~r:I~[~irl""" ...tllthepoh:i" CHAPTER

iNTRODUCTION Houselisting-part of CenslIs ,;:oPC) and utility or the Hou5clisting operations have been' considerably cxpandl'd ,J11c1 a variety of data on Th" census of population has been defined as the housillg conditions wc:re collected, At the 1971 census "total proc~ss of collecting. compiling and publisbing also. iHouse'istlllg operation WDS usd to c()!1e:t va]u­ dcmog~aphlc: economlc and social clata pertaining. at ~lbre (bta 011 housing cOJ:ditions, a ,pcclfiecl (Jm.c. to a][ person,. in a country", Census , therefore consIders demograp!llc and socio.economic ;Jspects of every _i1,Jdividual, hesJ:1ective of sex. age Dab: on Homing in Censuses llrior to 1961 or status. To faCIlItate a comoktc enumeration of In 1871 and 1891, details about tbc s~ructural cOn­ c:very man. woman and child. it is necessary to iden· dition of house~-whether tiled, thatched or terraced. tlfy ~ll hum~n, habita_tiuil, i.e .. all places where peo­ was collected, These were not gathered in 1881 and ple hve. ThIs IS preclselv what is d

2-1 CensusfTNI84 2

~uildings Organisation of the Govemment of India, 7. Number of living rooms occupied by the LDtroduced a major change in the House-numbqring household. . and HouseJisting operations of 1961 census so 3jS to o~~ain certaiJ? bas!c information on the hQusing iCon· 8. Whether the hoaschokl lives in owned or ditlOns. ~revallmg l!l the country. In effect, the sillnple rented housi>. househstmg operatlOn. meant for the limited P'.lIfPOS~ 9. Number of persons by sex normally residing of ensuring precise population count, turned out into m the household on the day of visit by the a full fledged Housing census. The 1961 census House. enumerator. list gothered details of all buildings, whether used as residence or put to other uses while the United Na­ 10. Whether the household cultivates land. tions suggested the collection, compilation and analy. sis of statistical data pertaining to only housing units . While planning for the 1971 census. it was contem­ or occupants. plattd that additicnal -particulars on housing such as age of the house, area of the house, basic amenities . Th,-ouglJ t"e 1?61 Rousclist, a variety of infcr:ma­ av~rab'e in the house lke e'c:::tricity, water supply, t'on 'm census houses and buildings was gatht'J'(:d. pnvy, type of fuel used for cooking etc., could be Apart from the building Jhouse numbers, details on gathered through the H€1uselist. During pretesting of the purpose for which the house is used, material of the schedules, it was found that answers to some of wall and roof, details of households living in houses these questions 'like <\gc 6f house, etc., were not forth­ along with names of heads of households, number of coming precisely. The calculation of the area of the li'!in~ rooms. whether the house is myned or rented, and h~:lUse involyed ,mu:.:h dme. It .W2S subsequently de­ the number of members of households by scx were gath­ CIded that 111 Vlew of the tjm~ and, expenditure in­ ered. Wl,e'l the }jouse was used as an estqblishment, volved the questions for colletttion of additional in­ workshop or factory, particulars like name, name of formation may not be included in the Houselist product or kind of repair or servicing undertaken, ave­ Schedule. rage number of persons employed and the kind of fuel or Dower w~re also collected The houselist thus help­ The Houselisl of 1981 ed in having a comnlete recmd of all buildings inclu­ ding the uses to which they were put Since the house­ During 1981 the Houselist W3S canva~sed between listing Drovided a permanent record of all the build· 21st July tei 20th Au~. 1980. The HOllS~list Schedule ings and houses, in every block, it formed a base for has been simplilied and it contained fewer qllestio~s undertaking sample surveys. when compared to the previous Houselist of 1971. Apart from the usual particulars on building num· ber. house number and household number etc" the Houselisting during 19'71 schedule sought infcrmation as to whether any en­ . terprise is carried on within the house, and ror whe- The contents of thc 1971 Honselist Schedule closely ther ihe hOllsehold is engaged in an enterprise outside follows that of 1961 census. The details of census the census house and without prem'sps. An important houses used as establishments were however covered llddi1ion made in 1he Houselist of '981 is the collec­ bv a SeD~l'ate ochedule-the Establishment Schedule. tion of information sbout the number of physically This Establishment Schedule covered an houses used handicapped 'IlerSOilli- -totally blind, crippled and for industrial. trade or other avocations. The 1971 dumb in every househr:ld. The collection of such par­ census Houselist covered the following items, ticulars on phYsically ll'llldicanoed was last made in 1. Building Number. 1931 census. The colledion of the above data, parti. cularlv in the light of the observance of the year 1981 2. Ce'1sus House Number. as the Internati[)nal year of the Physi'.:allv Hand'cap­ ped, was coosidered verv significant. The instruc­ 3. Predominant construct;on material of censlIs tions to enumerators fOT filling up the Housel:st are house by: reproduced along with the S,'hcdule in Appendix 1. (a) wall material and Conduct of Economic Census along with Houselist. (b) roof material. ing 4. Purpose for which census house is used-resi­ An imoortant aspect of the Houselisting of 1980 dence. shop. shop-cum-residence. business. fac­ was the cH;1,vassing of the schedule. 'Enterprise List' tory. workshou, wo'ksIJop-cum-resiiJence. school, of the economic census by the census enumerating haole. comm~rcial house. o fJice , hospital, ho­ staff. durin~ the nouselisting. The nous"list schpdules tel, etc., or vacant. served as a fT:lme for the enternrises. Details of en· teroriscs, whether carried on within houses or out· 5. Wheth",r the ce"~11R hOllse is used wholly or s:de without orpmises. havc heen ~mthercd through partly as an establishment.' this sch,.(\ule, The schedule and instructions for 'en­ tCTnrisf' li~t' were evolvAd bv the Centr)ll Statistiral 6. }fo'lse"olos tivi"l'" in the hOlln~e with "ames of OTl!an;satio'\ of the Government of India and the heads of households and whether the head be· scheme was imolemented bv the census machinery longs to ScheduIw Caste/Scheduled Tribe. with the help of the State Statistics Department. . ~ in 1981 Houselist Schedule and inclusion of carri ed on without premises were identified separate­ some qufStions in Household Schedule ly through column 7. The following details were ga- ther::d for every enterprise. ' In vicw of the callvassing of the two schedules by the enumerator during HouseJisting, certain impor­ (i) Description of activity of enterprise, lltnt details of houses/households like the material of (iii) Classification of enterprise as agricultural or wall/roo!', number of living rooms, etc" ought to I non-agricultural. [lave be~n coilect~d during houselisting through the (iii) Periodicity of the enterprise-perennial or HousellOld Schedule'_ were actually collected during I seasonal. t"e final enumeration, The housellOld particulars collected through the Household ScllCdule in the (i~) Type of ownership (Private, Co-operative, 1981 census enumeration included the following: . Central Government, State Government, Lo­ cal body and others). (i) Name and religion of the bead of household and whether he belougs to SCjST and if so, (r) Social group of owner (Scheduled Caste Sche- name of SCjST, . daled Tribe, others). • (ii) Language mainly bj)oken in the household. (ti) Power/Fuel used, (iii) Whether the household lives m owned house (vL) T?tal Workers (including unpaid workers) and or not, and if not, whether it owns a house , hIred workers by sex under ,non-agricultural . enterprises. or house-site in the sam~ place (i.e., village or town), (viii} Total Workers and hired workers under agri- cultural enterprises. - (iv) Predominant wall. roof .and floor materials of the house. 'fhe filled-in enterprise list schedules were collect­ (v) Avaiiability of drinking. water and electricity ed lby the Charge Officers at the conclusion of the . in houses in all areas anCI toilet in urban areas Houselisting and handed over to the State Statistics only, Department officials for further processing and compila­ tion of tables. (vi) Number of living rooms in occupation of household, The Schedule 'Enterprise· List' and Abstract of (vii) Number of marri~d couples usually living m Enterprise List are presented in Appendix-II for the the household. information of the readers.

(viii) Does the household cultiV3 te land and if so, Preparatory Work whether owned, rented or both and in case The preparatory work for the 1981 census 'com­ '~ented'. local name of tenancy. menced as early as 1978. The list of villages was pre­ pared for each taluk and maps of taluks, districts and rt may be se~n from the above that more questions municipali~ies, were u~d,ated and new maps procur­ were added in the HLJU~e1lOld Schedule to elicit ad­ ed. The dlstnct authorItles were addressed in connec­ ditional informations during enumeration. The addi­ tion with the recognition of new places as urban tiona! details in 1981 arc thc ones relating to floor units or towns for purposes of census and the de-re­ materia 1 of the house, availability of facilities like cognition if any, of existing urban areas with pro­ dnDking water and electricity in houses in all areas nounced rural characteristics as villages. Two pre­ Que] toilet facility in urban areas and number of mar­ test of census schedules were also conducted in se­ ried couples living in the household, ownership of lected blocks, The first pretest was held in August­ house or llOuss-site in the village or town of enume­ September 1978 and the second one in June 1979 ration for those living in rented houses, cultivation On the experience of the pretests, the final censu~ by household members in owned or rented land and in schedules were framed, The hl}useli~t sch~dule of 1981 case 0' latler, local name of tenancy, census has been considerably pruned in view of the combination of the 'Enterprise list', canvassed along with the Houselisting. Enterprise List A<;, alr~ady stated, the EnterpriRe List was canvass­ In accordance with the. provisions of the Census ed along with the Houselist. The enterprise list of Act, 1948, the Tamil Nadu G()vernment notified the 1980 replaced the Establishment Scheoule canvassed appoiutment of the various census cifficers. For the during the Houselisting of 1971 census, 'Enterprise' districts. the Collectors were appointed as the Cen­ was defined as :lll undertaking engaged in production sus Officers and for the Corporations of Madras and and/or distribution of goods and for services not for Madurai, the. respective Commissioners were the the sole purpose of own consumption. The Houselist Census Officers. For Taluks and Municipalities, the s~ryed as a frame for locating enterprises and iden­ respective Tahsildars and Municipal Commissioners t;Fying them and tl1ese were listed separately. It is were appointed as the Census Charge Officers whc tlFoup.:h mlums 4 and 7 of the Houselist that the were responsible for the conduct of the operation~ enterprises were identified, Enterorises located in under the overall guidance of the Collector and the houses were identified under column 4 while those Director of Census Operations_ November, 1979 ·, . d') The 'enlerpris'c li.,t' was canvasseu III co-or ma,.lOu (i) Commence colkctiol1 of area figures for Dis­ wilh the Slate Statistics Department The officers Ilnd tric:s/TaluksICorporalions. -- Municipalities-­ staff of the Statistics Department at t~~ headq~a,rlers, Other C"nsus Urban Arcas/Villages. districts and taluks had to be fully lDvolved ill Ithe training of the enumeration staff, supervision of .~lCld (ii) IsS~1C of instructions on the preparation of Lo­ work etc. Hence. the Assistant Directors of StatJ~tlcs catIOn Code Statements for all charges. of the districts wer~ "ppointed as Additional Census Officers u:ljer the ccnsus Act, For t:lcir rEspective diS­ (iii) Delineation of new Standard Urban Areas and tricts by the District Collc:tors to co-"rciinate the Vl(ork. their Urban/Rural constitUent units, December, J 979 Fixity in administrative bo IlDdarie5 (i) Finajisation o£Location Code Statements. For the effieicGt (pnduct of the operatloll5, it. is essential that the boundaries of administrative umts (ii) Notification of [he final ccnsus schedules in the . are kept constant. At the instance of the Government Gazette . of India, the Tamil Nadu Government passed. orders as early as September, 1979 that no proposals mvolv­ (iii) Finalisatiou of Talllk.maps and comparison of VrlJage and Town lists with maps. rug changes like bifurcat'ol1. o~ reVISIOn (It!-c1uslon i and exclusion o[ constitution of mumclpalttJe, on the Lo­ (i) Completion Report on updaling of house-num­ bering in all areas to be recclved. ' cal Adm'nistration side S11Guld be impleme:ltcd from l-I-198D to 30-6-1981. (ii) Formation of cnumerator blocks/supervisor circles in all charges like taluks, municipalities, Calendar of operations e[c.- preparation of charge list. A calendar of operatioils w,:s drawil up and the (iii) Issue of instructions. to Charge Officers on pre­ various itcms of work were monitored by the Cen­ paratiol! of notional maps, housclist And enler. sus Directorate periodically as the entire work bad prise liSt scheduleS. abridged houselists etc. to be executed according to th~ fixed time sch~dulc. (iv) Assessment of the requirements of house listing The calendar of opaations (as arlo~lcd) until the ,forms for the Districts/Charges. completion of H{lusclisting operation 111 August-Sep­ tember 1980 is reproducl'd below. (v) Rev:ew of the work relating to collection of area fj.gures and take steps for completion of the work. . . CALENDAR OF OPERATJCNS OF 1981, April-May; 1980 TAMil N,\lJII S{'PlCinber, 1979 (i) Finalisation of charge-lists in all charges in­ cluding special charges i.e., Military/Defence (i) Appoilltment of C.:;mls Ofikers umkr Sec­ charges. tion 4 of Census Act, 1948--NotdicatlOn to be made in the State Gazelle. (ii) Appointmel1t of enumerators and supervisors for blocks and circles for houseJistiug and (ii) Consideration of new towns for declaration as canvassing of enterprise list SUA for 1981 Census (SUAs-Standard Ur­ ban Areas). (iii) Despatch of instruction booklets and m:cessary forms on honsclisting, en(~rprise lists 'etc., to (iii) Commence cvllection of dahl fOL Patl I of all charge officers for training purposes. the D.istrict Census Hand nOJk--\ Illagc snu Town Directory. (iv) Publicity for houselisting to commence.

(iv) Issue of instructlO;';, through Slat~ Govern- ( v) T raini ng of district oflicia Is. cha rge officers ment on updatlog of 11Ouse-numbcring by all and oth~r supervisory staff qn houselisting. local bodies and removal ot defects in the (vi) Revi~w of the progress in the compilation of same. village artd town directory. (vii) Commence despatch of forms relating to Octuber, 1979 house listing. (i) Finalisatilll1 DE Urban Areas f.or 19? l--:-recog­ nition of new [owns and ueclass:llcatwn of lillie 1-15, 1980 e1tgting ones, wherever necessary. (i) Com pktioll Report on receipt of forms to. the (iil Pi< alisatioll of td~ukwise lists of Villages., dis(ri(ts relating to house!isting. 5

(ii) Distribution of forms and sched ules to all rical importance, In 1981. however, the test was charge officers. Rtrictlv' applied and no area was included on toc",1 cunsiderations. (iii) lnl.:nsiw publJcity for housdisting. The number Df towns or urban units re.:ognised June 16 July 15, 1980 for 1981 census is 434 in Tamil Nadu. The number of towns in 1971 was 439. Thirty new towns were Training classes for all el1umeratorsiSup~lvisors. recognised du tng 1981 while I3 existing towns (in­ cluding two PanehayaL townships) were declassilied July IG·-}uly 20, 198() as rural. Due to the extension -of the jurisdiction of Visiting Ihe Block. some towns like Madras, Coimbatore, Madurai etc., 23 existing towns merged with other lowns and lost Checking up of house llumbcIs and preparation of their separate identity. In the case of one town, due to the prevalence of two administrative units, it was Notional Map. rccotgnised as two separate urban units in 1981 while it was cne unit in the earlier census of 1971. July 21-Augusl 10, InO Urban Agglom«alioD Houselisting and canvassing of enterprise list. The concept of Urban Agglomeration adopted in 1971 for the first time was continued during the 1981 Augu.lt 11---:15, 1980 census also. Urban Agglomeration refers to a whole Preparation of Houselist Abstract. urban area extending over a core city/town having continuous sprea,d of urbanisatioll cutting across August 16-2{), 1980 statutory limits of a city/town. Very often, large railway colonies, University Campuses, Port Scrutiny of all records by supervisor and handing Area~, Military Camps etc., come up uutside the over Co charge officer. ~tatutory limits of the city or town, but adjoining it. Such areas may not by thcmcsclvcs qualify to be Augu~~ 21-31, 1980 treated as towns, but when they form a continuous Scrutiny and despatch of all jwus~!ist records to spread with the town. they are outgrowths of the the processing centre, by charge officers. town and deserve to be treated as urban. Such, towns together with their outgrowths have been treated as nne urban unit and are called 'Urban Agglomerations'. Rural-Urban Classi6cation In Tamil Nadu, there are 34 Urban AgglomeratiollB The definition (,f an urban unit adopted in: 1981 and these have been constituted with a core city and was more or kss the same: as in the previous 1961 town along with other adjoining town or towns. and 1971 Censuses. The urban areas of 1981 are: All the adjoining town or towns of Urban Aggl0tl\e­ ratioJ1B happen to be independent urban units In (a) All places with a Municipality, Corporation O[ Tamil Nadu. Of the 34 Urban Agglomerations re· Cantonment Board or notified town area; cognised for 1981, two arc new ones, viz., Neyveli (b) All olller places which ,atisned the following and Karur. Six eXlsting Urban Agglomerations have criteria : been expanded in 1981 due Lo the inclusion of addi­ tional towns within their area. Madra~ Urban Agglo­ (i) A minimum population of 5.000; me,ration is the big5cst and the city of Madras and ~8 other towns in the neighbouring Chengaipanu (in At least 75 per cent of the male working di~trict are the <,;onstiluent units of Ihis Urban AQ­ population engaged in non-agricultural glomeration. - (and anied) activity: Permanent House-numbering Scheme (iii) A density of popUlation of at least 400 per Sq. Km. (or lOOO per Sq. Mile) The numbering (){ all buildings and houses has been a problem 1lot only to the census organisatlOn In respect of marginal cases, places which had dis­ but for aU local authorities as well. A good system of house-numbering is very essential fOT administra­ tinct urban charaderistics were included as urban tion. The Registrar-General suggested a scheme of and some eXlstin~ towns with predominant rural characteristics were not treated as urban. In the permanent house-numbering in 1967. The scheme 1961 and 1971 censuses. working males in activities was circulated to all State Governmenls with a manual like fishing, loggmg etc., were treated as engaged in . of instructions. non-agricultural activities and considered for the 75 Normally, the houses were not assigned numbers per cent critenon among male working population_ except in municipal corporations or notified towns. For the 19&1 ccnsns, however, Lhe~ adiviLies were At the time Df every census, all the houses are serially treated on par with cultivation and agricultural la­ numbered and listed so as to serve as a frame for the bour and the males working in these activities are census enumeration. No hard and fa&t rules wen: exduded from nOll-agricultural work. In the 1971 adopted as to the direction in which the house-num­ census as also earlier, urban areas included some bering should nm. say, left to right or in a clockwise places with a population below 5,000 Dn the basis of direction etc. Much of the numbering 'depended on certain considerations like density, social and his to- lay-out of the enumerator blocks. Tt was left to the (I charge officers/enumerators to follow a convenient households was given to each enumeration to be comple­ and intelligible order of numbering so that no house ted witJllU tJle prescfwed peflod of o~e month. For is either missed or counted more than onc;~. every fIve enunm;alors a supervIsor was appointed. The .:numerators were mostly teachers of primary schools House-numbering iR Tamil Nadll and staff of loc[l) bodies, State and Central Govern­ ment. Persons workin.,;: in Revenue departments, A brief account of the h:luse-numbering scheme Municipalities and tnose in education service who in Tamil Nadu would be relevant here. The Govern­ were able to command the respect and confidence ment of the composite Madras State finalised the of the enumerators by virtue of their hi6her status details of a permanent hou~e-numbering scheme in Vlere appointed as supervisors. The charge officers August 1948 and ordered its implementation in 1WO yca·rs'. The introouction of this scheme was on the were trained first in regard to the filling up of the housel enterprise list and t:1CY tn turn trained the eve of 1951 census and the first General Election enumera:ors and ;:;upell'lsors. This was (lolle with the 'of 1952. The intention was that the house-numbtol's object of ensuring a thorough understanding of the assigned under the scheme were to be maintainoo on concepts, definitions and instructions and their obser· a permanent basis so as to serve all purposes such as vance }\'hile preparing the Notional maps I layout pmparauon of eJ "~toral roils .. assessment of house sketch~s, filling up the schedules etc. tax by local bodies, for pexecutive aut:lorit:es and the expenditure incur­ lending full co-(lperation in: the -cc,nduct of the cen­ fed was met by the local bodies. The house-num- . sus work, appointment of staff of the vabous depart­ ments for the field work, avoiding lurge"scale trans­ bering was updated once in nve years when th~ dec­ toral rolls were revised and pUblished. Annual mam­ fers during the census period and glwng' necessary tenance certificates were obtained from the Collec­ permission to enumerating staff to attend training tors of distncrs. During the 1961 census enmuera­ classes and perform housclistmg. tion, the scheme was reviewed by the then Superin­ tendent of Census Operations. who made some Location Code~ suggestions on house·numbering in certain areas. Location Codes are assigned to identify every The house-numbers were brought up· to-date as on vdage and town and also every enumerator block. 30th September 1960 as a preparation for th~ 196(1 The state, district, taluk and towns (urban areas) houselistillg, done from 1st OctDber 1960. Thts sys­ were also assigned distinct location codes for the same tem of house· numbering was adopted in toto for 1970 purpose, These codes are t:I be not~d in every re­ houselisting (dolle in February 1970) and the enu­ lated schedule. For villages. the Tahsildars were meration in March-April 1971. asked to prepare separate maps showing all villages under their jurisdicliiln and then assign, in serial This pCr;~3netlt house-numhering scheme has been order, location code numbers jn a serpentine order incorporatl:d in the Madras Election Manua! and the starting from the village in the north-west corn~r same was followed during the 1981 census enumera· and proceeding towards ea'st and 'ending wlth the vll· tion also. It has been specified in this Manual that lage in the south-east comer. The method of assign­ the maintenance nnd anmwl verification of house· ing c6dcs ill the serpentine order was necessitated due numbers is the responsibility of Karnam in the elise to sampling procedure adoptcd subsequcntly during of village pa.nchayat. and the executive au!hority .in tabulation and also for the reason that the existing the case or 10wn lJanchayat. townships. mumclplabtles survey numbe's of villages in most of the taluks are including corporations. T~e G?vernment isslfcd ins­ in a zig-zag order. A location code statement was. tmctions in January 1980 m thiS regard statrng that prepared in a prescribGd format for each taluk. in­ the house nllmbering in the State has to bc brought dicating the code numbers of villages, names o-f vIi­ up-to-date as on 3l·3-1980. Fresh numbers were lages, names of panchayats and cross references for asked to be given only to the holl.><:s newly sprung otber segments. Due to their inclusion in different up and in re3pect of other houses, the numbers al· panchayats, the location code numbers have been ready given were not altered. The Collectors were also indicaled with segmental suffixes as alb, b[b etc. addressed by the Directorate and a certlficate on. lip' The location code statement had two parts, Part 'A' dating of house numbering was asked to be ob~alTIed for rural areas and Part 'B' for the towns. from all Tahsildars and Independent Deputy T"hsildars. Organisation of Huuselistiug The code strhcture adopted in 1981 census con­ sists of tlve el~menis instead of the four-element At tln ialuk and municipal levd, the Charge Offi· carie adopted in the earlier 1971 census. The first eers VIZ. the Tahsildars and the Municipal Commis· element of the code refers the State and the second sioners ~roanj,cd the field operations under the guid· one the District. In the case oE rural areas (i.e. ance of the Collectors of districts and the Census Di· villages), the third element repr~sents the taluk code, rector. Every village and block was identified and the fourth the viliage cod" and the fifth within the demarcation of the entire area into small and conve­ brackets, the enumeration biock number. In the case ment em1l11cration blocks was dOlle. The work of can· of UfOan units (i.e., towns), the third element repre­ vasing the SChedules In one block of about 120-150 sented TOwns, the fourth element the divisIon/ward 7

,ll' . house-numbering ward thlnck numb~r and !),c fifth ;lI1cl they comtilutc un important and u&crlll docu· e'ement the enumeration blo,:k number given in brack- - ment. Since "these are not drawn according to any cIs. The codes for towns ~re in Roman numbers fixed se;:lc, they arc regarded as 'notional' maps. and all the towns in a district are given these num­ Though not to scale, these maps f sketches provide bers serially .. T~ illustrate, the Location Code 20/21 very useful details of the enumeration blocks, 12/87 (130) mdlcates the 130th enumeration block in the 87th village of the 12th taluk of the second For the first time in't)Jc 1981 cenSllS, the forms for district in the state of Tamil Nadu. Siinilarly, an notional maps and lay·out sketc~1';s ','Vcre provided to urban code 2'Jl4jVIIIj9(109) denotes l09th enu­ enumerators in a unifprm 5iz.:. The noarks. sym­ meration b'ock in the 9th ward of the ::ith town in bol, an~ other indications to bt Holed ill them have the 4th district of Tamil Nadu. als;) been· printed in thesc blank forms in a legend for abservance while drawing, Formation of Enumeration Blocks The Charge Officers were asked in ANi! 1980 to Tlle notionai map shows the torograp'hical de­ ,)-CDare wl]at are called CbXlrge Registers for the tails of :he blocks and include pern1anent features and land-marks sllch as village site, well known roads. area u~de: tD.err conkol. The exact area of vi'lages! [owns mdlcatmg the wards /house-numbcrin!! blocks ( cart tracks, rivers, nallahs etc .. 3£_ also railway line streets and houses allotted tb the enumer~tors and and other dearly recognisable features. Boundaries supervis?rs are given in the Charge Register. 1;'he of villages and names of hamlets have also been in­ (lieated. Thus. the notional map is an outline map area assIgned j[J an enumerator',WilS about 120 house­ holds in urban areas and 150\ households in rural or the block. Whe, c the villages arc: v~r'f large and a number of bloch exist in them, the notional map - a;eas. The Supervisor circles co~prising of five enu· wi:l \ show the whole viliage with boundary in cene- merator ? blocks were c.onstitute(l and one supervisor was as'lsmoo for overseeing, the wprk of five en\lmera­ ral and the part of the village forming an enillnera­ tors, The cn"meratDrs and suoerv\sors were appoin1cd tion block in _detail. mostly .in their local .areas I!nd ~,they were enlZaged Lay-out Sketch lil thIS .Job on 8 part·tIme basis. IThe charge officers This is mr·re detailed than the notional map and were asked to ensure that no area or hOllses are gives clear presentation of the streets and buildings omitted while forming the Enumerator Blocks and in. the block b(;sides the important topographical de­ that enumerators cover all the plnces falling under ta!ls. The forms for the ~ay-out skL'tch is of the same their jurisdiction. size as the notional map. This is also a 'free hand T"2hbg of Staff drawing. The enumerator prepared this sketch after The tminin~ was oflwnised in ~o stages. In the going round his block and fnmiliarising himself with fint stage_ the district-level traininll was organised the location of buildings and houses in the area. Pucca at the Collectorate in which the disttict officials a.nd and katcha houses are shown in this sketch with the TaluklMunicipal ch~~ge officers participated. At small squares and triangle~ respectively, with shading the second stage, the enumerators and supervisors for non-residential houses. The names of roads and were trained by the charge officers. Both at dis­ streets are also written on the lay-out sketch aml'the trict level and charge.level. the training was con­ numbers of buildings marked. 'The important land ducted twice. The instructions were (!one thrOIlJlh marks like office buildings, rost and telegraph offi­ ces, hospitals, schools. temples, churches etc.. are IrJ "eta'] for filling up both tbe schedules (House­ ]1st ano Enternrise list) In t]Jese training classes, all shown in this sketch. Practical training was also imoarted to the staff by F'ieMI stall and b'llnorar'um fillinl4 forms. specially printed in reel colour for thiS p"rpose. The second round of trainin')" inclnding the As in the past censuses, the enumerators and su­ pr~_ctlc11 traillhg was conducted a few days before the pervisors were appointed from among the sch.ool 'lct'131 ~tort of the otlera'io"s in July '80. Detailed teachers, staff of the lucal bodies, stale and central l"slr'Jetlon, for the prcllartion of notional mallS! government employees etc. For the category of [ay·{»,t ,ketcl,es fo.- each block were also given. Sllpe-visors, services of senior-Ievcl assistants from Techmc81 assistance in the conduct of training clas­ Government and municipal offices were utilised in addition to and senior of ses. was als') given to the char~e officers by deputing headmasters teachers tramed stafT members of the Census Directorate so schools. The foHowing tablQ shows the number of ahs to ensure that effective training was imparted to enumerators anJ supervisors engaged during House- t e enumnllting staff. listing by categories in the State. _ No-tional Maps and Lay-oll't Skefches Enumerators Supe rvis rrs to On~ of the ,~rs.t tasks atiended to ~Y the enumera- I. Teachers 65,954 10,813_ rs ~n Hou~e:!stmp: was the preparatIon of 'notional 2. Village Officers 3,484 89 rn 3TJ& and lay.oll! sketc"'es. With a view to ensure 3. State Government staff 4,114 3,432 h tIII at the ar ea 0f'· Juns d"IciJOn IS. very clear to the enu- 4_ Central Gov~rnment staff 538 257 h crator .a~d to avoid omission or duplication of the 5. Other local body staff 3,241 1,560 b n~;~? It 15 ne~fs~nry to 10CMe and identify all the UI 6. Others 535 179 lD.gS Enrl hCluses of well demarcated smaller a sketreas h III.. a d ocumen.t Th"us. notlOna. 1 mans/lav-out' Tolal 17,872 16,330 c es were drawn for all the enumerator biocks 8

Nearly 85 % of the enumerators and 66 % of the The enumerators were also asked to pn:pare abs­ supervi8or~ belong to the teaching slaft' of govern­ tracts at the conclusion of houseHsting to get the ment and other schools, For carrying out the House­ totals for each block covered by them for both house­ listing operations and for canvassing the enterprise tist and enterprise list. Two copies of houselists were list, a small amount of honorarium was paid to the asked to be prepared by the enumerators.. One copy enumerators and supervisors, The enumerator (who was retained in charge office for further use. The covered nearly 125-150 households) was given an other copy of the Houselist Was sent along with the honorarium of Rs. 351-, Rs, 20/- towards house­ Houselist abstract to the Census Directorate for pro­ numberinl.! ancl houselisting pl,us Rs, 15 J- towards cessing. The enterprise lists were handed over to the filling up of enterprise list. A similar sum of Rs, 35/­ Statistics Department for further processmg. was also paid to the supervisors, who supervised the work in circles, each consisting of five enumerator Definitilan of basic concepts blocks, Allowances were also paid to them towards The definition of some of the important concepts attending training classes which were held at Pan­ used in housclisting are detailed below fOf the con­ chayat Union headquarters, Taluk h<.:lldquarters and vemence, of readers. other towns. I. The district census officers. the charge officers and Building: assistant charge officers wherever appointed were A huilding is generally .a single 9tructure on the also granted one lump-sum honoraria payment for ground. Sometimes, it is. made up of more than both the operations of houselisting and census enu­ one component unit which! are used or likely to be meratio-ns as a token of their unstinted service. It used as dwellings (residences) OL' establishments such is noteworthy that the amonnt of honorarium is as shops, business houses. offices, factories, workshops, much more tha'1 what was pa;d in the previous cen­ workshcds, . schools, places of en~el'tainment, p4lces sus, Besides, the payment of honorarium was very of worsh fP, godowns, stores, ('te. It is 1 also possible prompt in the sense that the supervisors and enumera­ that buildings which have' component units may be tors received their payment on the spot on handing over used for a combination of purposes ,such as shop­ the records to the charge officers. cum-residence, workshoD-cum-residencB. office-cum residence. etc, - Procedure followed iu House6s~ The enumerators were first asked to go round the Sometimes, a series of· different buildings may be enumerator blocks assigned to them and familia,-ise found along a street which are joined witll one ano­ ther~by common walls on either side looking like a themselves of the area and the houses to be covered continuous structure. These different units arc prac­ by them. This was done during July 16 to July 20, 1980, During this period, the enumerators checked tically independent of one another and likely to have been built at different times and owned different liP the house numbers of all the buildings in the by persons. cases though the whole structure b'ock and rectified omissions. if any. The not;onal Tn such with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be maps and lay-out sketches were also prepared during one building. each portion is treated as a separate this period after observing clearly the location of each building and given separate numbers, In the case of building. This is ne:essary to ensme that the euume· multi-storeyed ownership fiats where the structure has clear idea the jurisdiction of the block as­ rator on looks like one building and the fiats are owned by to him. maps/sketches weTi~ p-cpared in signed These different persons_ the entire structure is treated as sheets of uniform size, using symbols as printed the one building and each flat a separate house, give'] in the legend. The houselist was then filled-up by making house­ Usually, a structure has four walls and a roof. to-house visits. The details were obtained from heads But in some areas. the very' nature of construction of households or from some other responsible adult of )lOUSCS is such that there may not be any wall. members in the houses. While filling up column 4 For example, a cODlcal roof almost touches the (i.e., the purpose for which the census house is used), ground and an entr:ance is also provided and there the enumerators were instructed to find out whether is no wall as such. Such structnres are treated as a house is wholly or partly non-residential and enter b-uildings and census houses as the case may be, accordingly. After finding out whether any enter­ 2. Census House: prise is cllrried on within such a wholfy or partly non-residential census house, the enumerators were A 'Census House' is a building or part of a build­ asked to go to the enterprise list and enter details ing having a separate ~alU ertrance from the road of such enterprise or enterprises there in accordance or, common courtyard Of staircase, etc., used or with the instructions for filling up the enterprise list, recognised as I a separate unit. It may be occupied issued to them, There are a large number of enter­ or vacant. Iti may be used for a residential or non­ prises which are carried on in the open, i.e" without residential purpose or both. In case of buildings premises and these are netted under column 7 of the with a llumWr of flats or blocks, which are indepen­ enterprise list. Thus, a large number of enterprises dent of one another having separate entrances. of in the unorganised sector, which includes unregis­ their own from the road Of a common staircase or tered wlJrkshops, worksheds, household illclus.tries and a common courtyard leading to' a main gate, they sales au, I other services done outside the houses are considered as separate census houses. In rural are covered in this enterprise list. areas where' some huts are located in a compound, 9 whether enclosed or not and it is occupie,l by one prise may be owned and operated by one household houst:hol.d (each weh hut being us~d as sleeping or by several households jointly (on a partn..:rship basis) roo~, kitchen, bath room, etc.) they form a single or by an institutional body. The activities of 'hoUSJllg umt and therefore treated collectively as a an enterprise: may b~ carried on in a single census single census house. house, in more than one census house or in the open. I.e.. without premises. The activity of the enterprise 3. Household: may also be ca'Tied on only for a part uf the year but on a fairlv rCl:ular basis, These are also conSIdered . A household is a group of persons who commonly as entero;'iscs~ The growing of agricultural crops lIve together and take their meals from a common like cereals, pulses, oihc~cds, collon, SLIgarcane etc.• and kitchen nnless the exigencies of work prevented any als~ olanlatio11S like tea. coffee. rubbel, tobacco, etc .• of them from doing sO. There may be a household is obi' consid md as enterprise. of persons related by blood Dr a household of un­ " related persons or having a mix, of both. Examples As already st~ted the canvassing of enterprise 1st of unrelated households are boarding houses. messes, wa~ a new feature of the holiselisting in 1981 census. hostels. residential hotels. rescue homes. jails, ash­ This has repiaced the establishment schedule can­ rams. etc. These are called "institutional house­ vassed in the 1971 census hOllselisting. holds". There may he\ one memher households two .member household~' or\' nlulli-memoer households. Vacant Honse~ For census purposes, each one of these types is re­ When a census house was found vacant, i e., if no garded as a 'household'. 'If a group of peHiUJl~, who person was found living in it at the time of houselist­ are unrelated to each other live in a census' house mg and it was nol used for any purpose, it was trea­ but do not have their meal~ from a cQmmon kitchen. ted as 'vacant'. The mere fact that the house was then thcy do not constitu,e an 'institutional house­ locked because Ihe occupants we,:e absent tempora­ hold'. Each such person h<\s bs:en treated as a sepa­ rily on pilgrima)l;e or visit to other places, dr.es not rate hous~hold" The important link in finding out permit the treatment of such houses as vacant h()use~. whether Inere JS household or not is a common [n such case the use to which it was put was ascertai­ kitchen. ' ned and recorded and the fact that the occupants have gone on a journey or pilgrimage was also noted in the 4. Physically Handimpped Person (Total1y Blind, 'Remarks' cotumn. In the case of a house Iemaining Crippled and Dumb): I vacant, the reasons such as 'dilapidated', 'under re­ The term 'totally crippled' refers to such persons pair', 'incomolcle construction', 'want of tenant', clc., who have lost their arms or limbs. The loss of arms W8rc also noted in the 'Remarks' column. or legs or all the four limbs reftn to: loss of both the arms or loss of both the legs .. The loss of rithcr i.e., Nonnal residents of Census Household both arms or ooth regs was considered sufficient for The number or persons normally residing in a classification as 'totally crippled'. , The loss of one arm household have been notecl in the Houselist ~y the a~d lor one leg will not classify il person as totally enumerators. The normal residents were recorded cnppled. The loss here rders t,) the inability tel u~e ~yen tllOllgh some of them were absent on the day of and not necessarily physical absence. Thus, a para­ vlsil of the enUlllerator. Casual visitors were exclu­ lytic who has lost the use of both the legs or both ded and they were considered al their respective pla­ the arms. has been trcated as totally crippled, though ces of normal .residence, But, persons who have sta­ the legs or arms as such arc physically present. In ved with the household for a period of 3 months or respect of persons suffering from mote than one of more have been included. Correspondingly, normal the three disabilities. the persons have been recorded rccsidents absent for over three months or more have under the greater disability, For example. a person been excluded f,'om the household in which they nOf­ may be b~)'h blmd and dumb or blind and crippled, mally reside. etc. and ,Ill t.h.ese cases persons suffering from the peater disabilIty have been considered, Blindness Census Act and Houselisting IS consi(kr~d a grealer disability than either dumb­ ness or belllg c~ppled. Similarly, being crippled is Houselistillo is a part and parcel of (:cnsus opera­ a greater dlSabJllty than being dumb. In atl extreme tions, . Hence~ what is applicahle faT e~ecuting Cen­ ca~e.. wheT': a person suffers from all the three dis­ sus ctlumeration under Census Act is also applicable ~ blltttes: he has he en recorded under blind since this to h1ll15clisting. Instructions were i~sue~ for the can­ IS certamly the most unfortunate disability. Thc same vassing of the housellst ancl enterprise list .schedules. p~rso~. has not been counted under more than one The .:harge officers and the enumerating staff were d~sab~l~ty eW!n if he suffers from more than one lo!d of the fact that this is part of census work and is dIsabIlIty. an important preliminary before the final enumeration. No difficulty was ~ncountered in canvassing these 5. Enterprise: schedules_ d A~ 'Enterprise' is an undertaking engaged in pro­ Quality of Houselisting uelton and! or disbbution of goods and lor services not kfm t.he sale purpose of own consumption. The Since a huge army of personnel of varylng levels ~or hrs In an ellterprise lllay consist of members of of education and aptitude had to be used for the e ousehold or hired workers or both. An enter- wa:k, it is natural that the standard cannot be even 3-1 Census/TN/84 10

in all the places. However, since there were two the census houses are put. The table is ~illlilar in rounds of training classes including rractical training content to table H-I of 1971 census and Table E.l. of and the various processes were clearly understood 1961 census, Particulars on the census houses which by the field staff, the quality of the work was generally are vacant and those that a::e used as residence, shop­ found to be of a high order. The overall performance cum-residen..::e, workshop-cum-residence, hotels, shops, of the operations was therefore very good. business houses and offices, factories, workshops and worksheds, restaurants, etc. are available in this Despatch of the Schedules table. At the conclusion of the Houselisting operations, Table H-2 gives the number of persons who are the charge officers were asked to prepare an abMract tOially Mind. crippled and dumb. The data on these are for the entire area under their charge, giving figure8 given for state, district and taluk for total rural and for the taluks and lowns. The District Houselist urban areas and also for each town and urban agglo­ Abstract was also prepared and sent bv the Collectors meration, As pointed out earlier, after the 1931 and the State figures Eased on these" abstracts were censu.), data on physically disabled have been gathered compiled. In regard to the records. the charge officers and presented only in this census. Both the above were asked to retain one copy of the houselist as also said tabk~ are presented at the end of lhis rl"port. the notional map and lay-out sketch relating to each As stated earlier, Table H-t Contains data for urban enumerator block. agglomeration and cities with a population of over 100,000 also. There are ]4 such urban agglomera­ Another copy of the houseli&t and the houselist tions am! 6 cities and these ate presented under the ab-stract for all the enumerator blocks were sent to concerned districts. Two Urban :Agglomerations the Directorate at Madras for further processing. The viz., Madus and Erode, howe'\ler, arc ,kpread over two enterprise list and its abstract were handed over to the districts.' In Madras Urban, Agglomeratibn, which Statistics Department officials at Taluk level for fur­ has 49 constituent units, Madras, tlie 'core town is a ther processing. district by itself and the other constituent 'ilnits num­ The charge officers used the copy of the houselist bering 48 fall in Chengalpattu district. In the case of retained by them for delineating the enumeration Erode Urban Agglomeration which has seven consti­ blocks wherever necessary for the final census enumera­ tuent unit'S, 5 are in Reriyar.' district- and 2 in Svlem tion, so as to make them manageable and easy to cover District. Data For Madras and Erode UrbanI Agglo­ within the stipulated census period. The houselist was merations are presented in an annexe at the end of also used fur the- preparation of Abridged Houselist. a the table. basic format used during cens.us by the enumerators. Tn Table H-2, data are presented for state. districts The notional maps and lay-out sketches. drawn during and taluks as also all towns and urban agglomerations. HouseHsting were also used as reference for prepar­ There are 434 towns in Tamil Nadu recognised for ing fresh maps and sketches for the census enumera­ 1981. census and 223 of these towns are included in [ion blocks. The charge officers were asked to des.­ 34 urban agglomerations. Data are presented in this rmv these records, i.e .• Houselist, Notional Maps and table fm all the urban agglomeratiolls and the figures Layout sketches, later on. for each of tbe constituent units are g1vcn below the concerned urban agglomeration with sub-numbers (a). ProceSlSing of the Houselist Schedules (b), (c) etc. However, there are 13 urban agglomera­ The houselist schedules and abstracts were received tions wpich are spread over two taluks and districts. at the Editing and Coding unit of the Directorate at Data for these urban agglomerations are presented Madras. The schedules were scrutinised here throughly in annexes at the end of Table H-2. and ooited. From the Houselist. onl'll two tables have The constituent units in these cases are shown with been derived. The first table relates to the use of an asterisk wilh necessary foot notes, A complete census houses and this is based on a 20 per cent list of the 31\ urban agglomerations in the state and sample of. census houses selected from the house1ist their constituent units is given in Appendix III. and tabulated on the computer. The second table is on the physically handicapped persons, prepared on Another publication on 'Household Tables' to be a cent per cent basis. manuallv. brought out later, will give data on the other in,por­ tant features covering material of construction of hou­ The Tooie&' ses. like wall, roof and floor, occupied households, housin~ facHities available to households, household The two tables prepared from the Houselirt are: size anq number of married couples living in house­ I. H-I Census Houses and the uses to which they holds and househ~lds by number of main workers and are put. literates. cultivatiijg and non-cultivating households by tenure of land fl)r general and Schoouled Caste and 2, H-2 Disabled population by type of disability. Scheduled Tribe population, literacy among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, etc. Table H-l presents data for 10tal, rural and urban areas of the state and the districts. Tn addition, data Editing and Cod~ of HouselNs are presented for each city or urban agglomeration The houselists were subjected to a general editing in having population of more than 100,000. The table the first instance with a view to arrive at an accurate gives a detailed picture of the various uses to which trame of census houses, For this purpose. the entire 11 housdists were perused and ultimately the ce~sus H-l w~re done. The punch-card system adopted for houses cotJcctly identilied and senally numbered. fhe proceSS.lU~ ill the last 1971 census was abandoned and 2[) p(!r c~nt ~ample of census houses ~hich was dr~wn a sophISticated s~stern of direct dsta en1ry and taping for generating Table H-l was then picked uP', fhe before programmlllg for table &eneration was followed. edit instructions for the scrutmy of the houselist and fhl:> system enabled easier and quicker tabulation. instructions for (he sckction of 20% sample of census Samp!\! design aOO predsion of estimates hou~c~ are ~iwn in Appendix-iV- Alter th~ sdcc~i()n of sample IHlUS~S_ the concerned columns ~erc cd.lted A noli,: giving ~ctails of the sample design, the pro­ further and coding was done later, The Illstr~ctlOl1S ccd~re of csllmaHon and the reliaoflity of the estlma­ relalin!!. to t~is se~(lrtd-Ievel editing as also codmg ar" les III regards to fable H-l is given in Appendix-VI. given in Appendix-V. 111 thl: following two chapters, analysis and obsefva­ t!(lll on lh(! (/) use of census houses and (ii) d:sabled Mechanical PrucC'S>inR population (011 the basis of the two tables prepared The housclislS duly cuiled and coded as aboy;; were from HOUSc!lst) have been made. A number of inset bundled' and indn slips identifying each bundle were 1ables ~-e'parcd from the main tables have also been prepared and kept. , These were sent in March-A~[Il mclUlkcl If] _lIlcse chapters with necessary ratJOs as 1981 in three bakhes w the Data Processmg DlVlSlOl1 also compansons wlth previous censlls data so as to of the Office of the Registrar-General. India at New enable l~e. readers understand the change il1 the Delhi where further processing and generation of Table characleusllCS during the decade. CHAPTER 2 CENSUS HOUSES AND THE USES TO WHICH THEY ARE PUT

On tne basis of their usage, the Census houses Hotels, Sarais. Dhpolice stations, railway stationk, etc. are included in this group. (iii) Workshop.cum·residence including House- , i hold industry; Factories, workshops and wor;'ksheds are pl~ces where (iv) Hotels, sarais, Dharamashalas, tourist homes and manufacture, production, processing, repairing or ser· inspection houses.; vicing takes place. They may be large scale indus· tries, small workshops or workshcds. Factories refer (v) Shops excluding eating houses; to places eli gaged in productIOn, processing etC. em· (vi) Business houses and offi.ces; ploying 1() or more persons if power is used and em· ploying 20 or more persons. where power is not usrd. (vii) Factories, workshops and worksheds; A 'workshop' is ~ place where some kind of ~roduc· (viii) Restaurants, sweetmeat shops and eating tion, rep}tir or servicing goes on or goods or articles places; are made and sold, but is not large enough to b~ a factory as,defined in the Factories Act of 1948. These (ix) Places of entertainment and community gather. arc invariably smaller units carried on like the house­ ing (Panchayat ghar) excluding places of WOf· hold industry, the difference being that the partici. ship; pants in these units are not living in the premises {x) Places of worship (e.g. Temple, Church, Mosque. itself. It is not necessary that sonie machinery Gurudwara etc.) should exist in these cases. Even houses used for handloom weaving, toy·making, papad making, bidi (xi) Others. rolling etc. llav~ been taken as workshops.

'Use~ of hons.es defined. Restaurants. sweetmeat shops and eating pi aces refer to house~ which arc used as eating; places. Exam· In the above ciassification, 'residence' repres.:nts pies are tea stalls, canteens, restaurants without lodg' houses used purely for residential purposes as agamst ing facilities, coffee bars, icc·cream parlours etc. other uses like ~hop. workshop, factory etc. and allier places of work. Moreover, 'residence' in this case Cinema theatres, music sabhas or halls, clubs and docs not include combination of dwelling with one or the like a~e grouped under 'places of entertainment and more of oLher uses. community gathering'. Shop-cum-residence is a place used for dwelling as well as carrying on business, i.e. buying and selling. 'Places of worship' is self·explanatory. All houses Examples of shop-cum· residence are residence·cum. us~d as temples, churches, mosque,~, etc. fall in this grocery shop, residence·cum·texti1e shop, etc. group. Census houses used as workshop·cum·residence, The last category, viz., 'Others' includes all other represent those where family members live and along­ places 4sed for purposes other than the above, like side some manufacturing. lJroc~ssjng, repairing, or ser­ schooLs. \~ospitals, dispensaries, pump houses. ao­ vicing of goods or articles is also carried on. The downs, peLTol bunks, etc. census house in such cases has only one access though it is pUL to two uses. Illustrations of this me are Tota,1 number of cellSlIIi houses hand loom weaving, bidi rollin$. pottery making. tailo­ The number of census houses in the state has gone ring at home, appaJam (papa d) making, etc. Usually up from 9,563.530 in 1970 to 12,037,240 in 1980 re­ (he manufacturing, processing etc. are carried on by presenting an increase of 25.87 per cent. In absolute the members of the family themselves on a small scale. terms 2.47 million houses have been added during

12 l~

the decade. In rural areas, the increase is from per cent in 1970-1980. 17.37 !)~r [(:nl during 1960-1970 to 21.08 per ~ent In Table 2-1. the percentage distribution of all cen- in 1970--19RO whereas in urban areas, 1t has declmed sus houses, residential census houses and population n1l1fginally from 33.20 pef cent in 1960-1970 to 37.93 belwix~n rural and u. ban areas is presented.

TABLE 2-1 Census HDuse" nsidcntial houses aud population in rural 3.'1d urban ar~as

Srale Total Cen~llS 1,Percen.lage Resident ial Percentage Percentage Rural Houses to total census 10 tolal of popula­ Urh,m bouses houses rc,iLicnt ial tion 10 (whDlly & census total popu·· parlly) houses ialion, 1981 ...... :-- --_.. _---_._---_.- 2 3 4 5 6

Tolal ' 12,037,240 100.00 9,781,225 100.00 100.00 Tamil Nadu Rural 8,293,880 68.90 6,719,525 69.31 67.05 Urbat} 3,743,360 31.10 3,001,700 30.69 32,95

It may be observed that 68.90 pet cen~ of the houses' Vacant houses in the dhtricts are in rural a.reas and 31.10 pe{ cent',are 111 urban areas. The nitio of houuses to all census houses Of the Slate's population, it is notil;:ed that 67.05 per vacan~ varies from dislrict (0 district. Though the average cent arc living in ru a) areas as agai!lst '~2:95 per cent mUD fo· the st.ale as a whole is (A. we find that it is who arc: in urban areas. In the househstmg of 1970, very iolV in Madras (28) while it is highest in Njlgiri lhe p~fc~ntagc of ccnsus houses in rural areas was t* ( I ! 2). Most of thc districts fall within the three ranges more {7 Ui2 per cent). The percentage of rura~ pc·pu­ of 50---59. oO-tiS! and 70--79. as may be ('bserved lalion was also highe: in 1971, viz., It IS com· 69.74. . from tabl~ 2·2 given bdow: mon knowlcdf\c that along with the' increase ~n the urban popula~iol1, more houses also come up m the urhan areas. The decadal growth of houses and Of the 16 di~tricts, seven distf,ids have recorded popnlut!on in 1hl.: urban areas is therefore higher when vacancy ratios below 64 pei' 1000 (which is the Slate 1.0 compared the rural ar.eas. av~rag~) while eight districts have higher ratios. The remaining distri.ct, viz., Madurai has the same rat_io as that for the state. Vacant houses \ Though the number of vacant houses has increased Then; are two districts viz. Madras acd Thanjavur by 14.45 per cent between 1970 and 1980. the per· which have revealed low vacancy ratios of kss than centage increase is lowest among the vanous catego­ 50. Madras has r(;corded the lowest iatio of 28. ries. When we compare the extent of vacant houses During Lhe ]970 houselisting too. Madras had the per thousand census houses: we observe that. it. h~s lowesl vacancy ralio of 37 and Thanjavuf hac! the fallen from 70 in 1970 to 64 m 1980. ThlS fall 1S mdt­ second lowest 'atio of 49. This time, Thanjavur cative of the fact that thc:e is a growing demand for district has a vacancy ratio of 48. Madras di&trict is hOUSeS not only for residential purposes but also for coterminous with Madras City and is urban in enti. industrial alld trade activities in the State. rety. TABLE 2-2 Number of vacant houses per 1000 CenSlls Houses iu districts by ranges (Ratio for Tamil NadlJ : 64) ?{oporticm ,of vacant houses

Below 50 50-59 6G--69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100 & above 2 4 5 6 'T Madras (21l) Thanjavur (48) Chengalpattu Dharmapuri Salem (72) PlJdukkotiai Tirullelvcli Nilgiri (112) (51) (68) (83) (93) North Areo! Coimbatore Ramanatha- (56) . (61) puram (76) Periyar (72) South Ar~ot Madumi (65) Tiruchchirap- (51) palli (71) Kanniyakumari (63) 14

The numbcr of vacant houses in Madras Citv is TABLE 2-3 (Conld) 19,815 and ihal in Thanjayur district 48,825. . 2 In the range of 50--59 vacant houses fall the three districts cf Chengal pattu. North Areot :tnd South 3. North Areot 52 56 Arcut In Chengalpattu dimicI, the ~acancy ratio 4. So 11th Areot 52 52 in 1970 was 52 and now it is 51. The ratio has thus 5. Dharmapuri 65 68 practIcally remained the same during th~ period. 6. Salem 83 n In ~orth ATwt district, we notice a emall in(..reasc in the vacancy ratio from 52 in 1970 to 5(J in 198O. 7. Peri~ar' n In South Areot district. the ratio stands at the same 8. Coimbalore 80 61 level, viz., 52 both in 197(} and 1930. There are four districts, viz .. Dharmapuri. Madurai, Kanniyalmmari 9. Nil~lri [53 112 and Coimbato·e whose ratio of vacant houses fall in 10. Madurai 71 fit the fangt of 60-69. Of these, Madurai has the s£me ratio of 64 as that for the State. During 1970 too, 11. 'riruchchiraPI>alii ~3 71 Madurai district's ratio was similar to 1hat of the 12. ThanjavuT 49 48 state average. Kanniyakumari distrkt which has the 13. Pudukkoltai* 83 secol1d highest population density in the Slate, next 14. Ramanathapuram ., 90 76 only to Madrn&, has also a vacancy ratio (6::1) which is 15. Tirunelveli 94 93 ~'~ry nearly the saDt: as that for the State. In the Ka~ni)'akumari 611 63 1970 houselisting, it showed a vacancy ratio ('f 66 per 16. J 000 houses. Coimbatore district. bas revcaled a 'District, formed afteI 1970. lower vacancy rate of 61 per 1000 houses in 1980. As in 1970, the sfl1all an~ mountainous dislric: of Compared to its ratio of 80 in 1970, the fall in the Nllgm has recorded the highest vacancy ratio of 112 ratio is substantial. Periyar district was fo'med after m 1980. The ratio has fallen rather steeply from 1971 census and its vacancy ratlo as obtained in 1980 153 ill 1970 to 11'2 in 1980. " The decline in the house listing is 72 per 1000 honses. vacant houses ratio ls more pronounced in the urban TABLE 2-3 areas of the dislricl from 133 to 95 during 1910·80. V:lcanell ratios in dim-ids, 1970 and 1980 Next to Nil¥iri, . [he dist!ict with a high ratio of ya~a~l Jaous~s IS Tlrunelveh 0(,93). The ratio In 1970 District 'lumber of h()uses vacant , III thIS dlstnct was 94. Pudukkottai district has the [le[ 1000 of all houses in third highest ratio of vacant houses. This is a IIe,\\' 1970 1980 :district form.:d after the last census and most of its an::a wa~ preyi\)u~ly in Tiruch~hirappalli district. In 2 a number of districts there is a fall in the ll'atio 01 vacant hGuses ill 1980 as '~lJmpared to 197{). 70 6L TAMIL ~ADU The c);act number of vacmt houses and their pG­ 18 1. Madms 37 centage In tutal houses in State and districts are given 2. Cb.eo.galpatta 52 51 in Table 2-4. TABLE 2-4 Number of ~acant Mu.es and tJl~ir lIereentage to aU ce"'OS I,ooses io diotrict. l}'SO No. of vacant hOll5cS Percentage of "ru;ant hou.cs to StatejD:.lrkl Census honses ------_.------Tolal Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

2 3 4- 6 1 204,255 6.39 TAMIL NADU 1611,635 564,38U 6.80 5.46 19,215 2.78 2.7S Ma\lcas 19,&15 1. 42,375 26,365 16,mO $ 09 5.03 5.18 2. Chengalpattu 11,005 560 5.64 5.4G North.MC()\ 56,100 45,095 3. 50,600 42,820 7,780 S.2() 5.11 5.38 4. South Areot 32,07{) 28,755 3,315 6.79 6.74 7.27 S. Dha.cmapurl 52,345 16,150 7.20 7.49 6.39 Salem 6:>,455 6. 41,240 , 35,20S 6,03S 7.23 7.81 5.05 ? Periyar 20,380 6.n 6.90 5.32 Coimbatore 48,015 27,635 ~. IS,ISO 10,990 ' 7,190 11.22 12.73 9.,0 9. Nilgiri n,905 52,280.' 20,625 6.45 6.99 5.40 10. Madurai 67,720 53,740 13,980 7.07 7.42 5.98 11. Tiruchchirappalli 36,520 12,31lS 4.&0 4.56 5.69 Thanjavur 4U25 12. 19.765 3,890 8.26 ~.03 9.70 Pudutkottai 21,655 . 13. 67,190 4-9,210 17,980 7.63 7.78 7.26 14. Ramana'bapuram. 91,045 66,()55 24,990 9.16 10.03 7.70 15. Tinmelyoli 20,405 17,600 2,805 6.31 6.57 5.08 16. KaIUliYilkllmari 15

Extent 01 vacant hou~ ill ciHcsjurball agglomera­ Tiruppur Urban Agglom<.:ration has a low vacancy tioJlS ratio of 35 per 1000 houoos. It is an impurlant industrial centre of C"oimbatore district, very well kn()wn for its Data 011 the extent of vacant houses have been com­ hosiery units, knitting mills and cotton trade. In 1.he piled for cities and urban agglomeralions with a popu­ Urban Agglomeration of Tirup!,ur, there are five !'f Of la'ion IO:J.OOO and above. the six cities and ~maljer tOWJ]S as constituent units and that the core 14 urban agglomerations of this ~ile iu Tamil Nadu town is. more or less in the centre of the agglomera­ Madras and Kallchipuram urban agglomerations hav~ tion. The vacancy ratio for Tiruppur city in 1970 the lowest vacant houses ratio viz:. 34. In Madras was 40. city proper, we have earlier seen that this ratio works 1028. as against 37 in 1970 and 31 in 1960. The urban agglomeration of Madras includes 43 other suburban towns which are contiguous to the city ~.nd the entire The ~\ty ,)[ Nagercoi\ and l.lw urban agg.lomerations area forms the blg~est urban complex in the State. of Kum\>akonam, Pollachi, Tirullelveli and Erode Many smalkr constituents of the Madras Urban Ag­ have revealed vacancy ratios of 40 to SO. These are glomeration probably have more vacant b0uses. Thus also important trading centres. A number of cities w~ find a ratio _of 34 in Madras Urban Agglomeralio~ and urban agglomerations have recorded high vacancy as agaInst 2& In Madras city alone. Kanchipuram ratios of 50- 60 and many of the district headquarters Orban AgglomeratIOn has four constituent units and and other rrominent centres also fall in this range_ three ?f them are smal1e1 units when c()mpared to the 'n,e urban agglomerations of Coimbalore, Tiruchchi­ core clty of Kallchlpuram. Tn 1970, «an:hipurarrr--Gitj' rappalJi, Salem. Tuticorin and Vellore and the cities har! a vacancy ratio of 44 per 1000 house~. of Thanjavuf, DindiguJ, Cuddalore and RajapaJaiyam fall in this rat1gc. The pr,Jportions of vacant hou~s per 1,(]()(} houses in <:ilies/urb3n agglomeration of one'Jakl) and more popu­ lation is ~;ivell in Table 2·5 below: . The vacancy ratio in Coimbatore city in 1970 was TABLE 2-5 \ 43 per 1000 houses. The ratio of 56 in the Coimba· tore urban agglomeration in 1980. though not strictly Proportioo of vacant houses ]121' 1000 ltou_ n 1980 ror Urban comparable with 1970 ratio for city alone, has to be Agglomerations and Cities with 100,000 PQpnlation and over viewed in the light of the inclusion of a number of areas within the municipal limit before 19&0 and the Name of City/Urban Numb!r of vacant lIThm Agglomeration (U.A.) . contiguous nnits which are included in the hou ~es per 1000 urban agglomeration. The vacancy ratios should be houses ------higher in the suburban areas which are induded in th~ urban agg!omera,ion, resulting in a higher ratio ---. 2 for the Urban Agglomeration as a whole. Tiiuchchi­ I. Madra, U.A. rapoalli Urban Agglomerntio!l has a vacancy ratio 34 of SO per 1000 houses. \ 2. Coimbatore U A. 56 3. Madurai U.A. 39 Among cities/urban agglomerations. the higbest va­ 4. Tiruchchiranpalli U.A.' 50 c~ncy . ratio is found in Karaikudi Urban Agg1omera. 5. Salem U.A 58 bon VIZ. 85 pe" 1000 houses. This urban agglomera­ 6. Tirune-lveli U.A. 49 lion consist, of six smaller towns apart from the <:orc 7. Erode U.A. tOWn of Karaiklldi and has crossed the one lall 44 popUlation mark only in this census. The areas form. 8, Tllticori[l U,A. 5S hw this urh'LTI agglomeration form part of what' is 9. Vellore U.A. popularly called "Chettinad" and Bre inhabited by 51 lhe p1'OsperOi s and business minded "Nattuk.ottai 10. Tiruppur U, A. 35 NaI.!3r;)!har" I ommunity. It is well known that many II. Thanjavur City of th~m mi!!wtc to bigger cities and even abroad in 57 nursuit of tlof'ir business. Valparai township in Coim­ 12. Nagercoil City 43 ll'ltore districl has the second highest vacancy ratio (1f 61 amon a citics{urban a!;!l!lomerations. This again 13. Dindigul City 54 has crossed the one Jakh population mark onJy in 14. Kanchipuram D.". 34 the mescnt census and is a mountainous area full 15. Kumbakonal11 U,A. 45 of pl~nlntions like coffee and tea. 16 .. Culltlalore City 53 t~pes 17. Valparai City 61 HOllses by 01' uses. State level 18. Pollachi U.A, 45 As earlier pointed out. the houses have been classi­ 19. Rajapala.iyam City 54 fied under a few categories on the basis of the uses to which the)' are put. The percentage share of each 20. Karaikudi U.A. 85 o~ t~esc cate)!,ories in state's total houses vary widely. SImIlarly. th .., dccadal increase in these categories 16 of houses varies. Tbese [actors may be :m:n from ~very tbousand census houses. The ratio in rural areas the categorywise proportion given below: is only 8 pDr thousand. The spurt in trading activities in urban centres, -the opening of more and more retail Table 2-6 sho~ to serve the increasing demands of consumers in new colonies and the like might have contributed to PtOJlOrti()D of houses JIIJ! to differ~Dt uses, 1970 and 1980 the increase of houses put to su<:h use.

Description of use Percentage Worksbop-cum-resideru:e inrludillf honseh~IdI indUs- of Census houses Distribution of increase tries 1000 census house~ in hOlises ------197(J..BO The number of census houses in this category has 1970 1980 more than doubled during the decade. These houses fOrmed only 17 per thousand in 1970 while there are 2 3 4 33 per thousand census houses now. In the rural ------areas, they form 28 per thousand h(lUseS while in the Talal num ber of Census houses 1000 1000 25.87 urban areas there are 44 houses per thousand. Dis­ Census houses vacant at the 70 64 14.45 trktwise distribution of these houses reveals a strik­ time of boselisting. ing increase in this category of houses in Tirunelveli R~i.dence 809 170 19.94 district (from 25 to _81; per 1000), Kanniyakumari (16 Shop-cum-residence 8 9 45.9() to 33), North Areot US to 40), South Meat (7 te 21). Workshop-cum-residence 17 33 140.20 Ramanathapuram (19 to 34~, Madras (4 to 7) and

Hotels, Sarais. Dharma~halas, 1 lb.99 Chengalpattu (18 to 312)· : j Tourist Homes and Inspection Houses. There are only 6 districts namely, North Aroot. Sltops excluding Eating Houses 21 24 47.28 Salem, Periyar, Coimbatore. Ramanathapuram and Business Houses and Offices 4 5 38.27 Tirunelveli whose ratios are abo~i} the state average while the ratios of all other districts are eiLher equal Factories, Workshops and Work- 12 17 78.85 sheds. or below the state averag~. it may be noted that there are important :household industrial units in the RestauraIIIs, Sweet meat shops 5 5 24.10 at\ houses are ratio of this type of houses is above [he state average purely residel;ces. The declining trenci in the ratio while in (Jther districts, the ratio is "ither equal or of residences to [he total census hOLlses seems to have less. set in this last two decades. In 196(}, out of 1000 census Shops excluding eating houses houses, 841 were rt:sidences which declined to 801) in 1970 anQ 770,in 1980. More Of less the same trend is The number of houses used as shops excluding noticed in bach rural and urban areas. But, on the eating: houses waS 199.315 in 1970 and it has gone other hand. trlcrc scems to be an inevitable shift from up to 293,560. representing an increase of 47.28 per pure re~idences to mixed residences especially shop­ cenl. This category of houses me found to be con­ cum-residence and workshop-cum-residence. includ­ centrated in large numbers in Madras, Madurai, Than­ ing household industries. The distribution pattern javur and Tirunelveli districts. In 1970. Thanjavur ()f the above two types of houses PUt t()gether is such had lan;er number of these houses followed by Madras. that it has been increasing from 21 pee 1000 censeus Madurai and Tirunelveli in that order. In 1980, it is houses in 1900 to 25 in 1970 and 42 in 1980. This Madras district which topped the list followed by is a clear evidence of growing industria1 and trade ,Madura!, Thanjavur and Tirunelveli. activities in tbe Stale. \ R".<;iness hb~ and offices S~cuJB-~dence The houses of this category fanned 5 per thousand The number of such census houses has gone UP from in 1980 as against 4 per thousand in 1970. The in­ 75,300 in 1970 to 109,860 in 1980 registering an in­ crease of such houses over the 1970 figure amounts to crease of nearly 46 per cent. These houses however, 38.27 per ,ceot. form only 9 per thousand of all cen~us houses_ This Factories, Workshops and Worksheds proportion was & out of thousand in: 1970. The increase in shoo-cum-residence in urban areas is hiQher The houses under these categories have incteased than whal is obtained in rural areas during the decade. from 111,005 in 1970 to 198.535 in 1980. This works In urban areas, there afe II shop-cum-residcnces, for out to 12 per tho1lsand census houses in ]970 which 17 has incfl!3sed to 17 in 1980. The percentage increase d1'cade. &Iucational institutions like schools. colleges of ~lIeh houses in w'al areas i, \'t~ry high at 102.25 and other teaching institutions like tutorial colleges. as a"ainsl ()6 ';;, in urban areas. Thcr.: are five districts ty[>~writing institutions dc. fall in this category, nam~ly. Madras. Salem, Coimb;ltl're, Ramanatha· Hospitals, dispensaries. cattle sheds, garages laun­ puram and Kanniyakumari where the ratio of this dries, pump houses, godowns, petrol bunks are also type 01 house~ is more than the state ayeragc of 17 included in this calcgcry, It is significant to note per thousand. Districtwise raUl) of these hOllses reveal th,)t rhe ratitl of hOllse.~ per 1000 has incrcased from their concentration in Madras, Salem. Coimbatorc. 46 to liR ill rural arC1S dllring the decade. 1970-80. Madurai. Thnnjavur and North A.rcot . The'setting up The corresponding increase in urlxm areas is fmm of tht' new factories under tIle industrial development 32 t

TABLE 2-7 Proportion ofl00f) hotl,e<; l1nder dilf('r('nt t~('~ with nu.al nnd urban hrenk~llp

---- ~------.. - ---- De~crirti'm ()f me 1960 1970 1980

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1'ot:11 Rural Urban -----. 2 4 Ii 7 q W

------~ ------Total Census HOllses ((lOO WOO loon 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Census houses vacant :11 th~ tim\' of AR 71 57 70 n 65 64 (,S 55 Houseli<;ting,

Residence ~41 863 774 809 s25 767 770 731 747 ghop·curn-residellce 7 7 R 8 8 R () S 1t Wor!ishop-Clll11-residcllcc illcJlIdill~ 14 10 27 17 12 30 ,1J lfl 44 Hou.~ehold Industry. - hotels, Sarais, Tourist HOllles alld ~ N 2 Inspection Homes. '" 4-2 CensusfTN/84 18

TABLE 2-7 (CQUld) ProIJortion of 1000 houses under different uses with rural and urban break-up

1960 1970 1980 D~scrjptjon of usc ------_._ .. ------~~---- - Total Rural Urban ------T"tal Rural Urban Tot"1 Rural Ulban

2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

Shops exGiuding Eating houses 20 II 50 21 II 46 24 14 48 Busine~o Houses and Offices 4 2 10 4 3 9 S 3 9 Factories, Workshops and Worksheds 10 27 12 6 26 17 10 32 Restaurants, Sweet-meat, shops and 4 7 5 4 4 7 Eating places. Pla.ces of Entertainmcllt and Com· 2 2 2 munity gathO)ring. Places of worship lO 12 6 11 14 5 Othe~ 29 26 36 42 46 32 S9 68 39

N-Negligible figure. I Houses use.) for dweIliiug (including mixed dwelling) dentia I purposes is seen in most of the districts also. Barring the two districts of Madras and Nilgiri where The ratio of houses per 1000 of all houses used the ratio is more in 1980 than in /] 970, in the remain· for dwelling pUI']_)Oses, whether solely or in combina­ ing distrk:ts. the ratio has declined. Thl' ratio of such tion with shop or workshop. is given fOT the state houses is more than the state average of 812 in 19&0 and districts i&.,T,able 2-8. In this table. figures are in the districts of Madra,S, Chengalpattu, South Arcot. given both f~'lI970 and 1980 to enable easy com­ Salem. Periyar. Coirnbatore, Madurai afl~ Thanjavur. It parison. At I " ' tatc level. there is a decrease in the is in the district of Dharmaouri that we find.a greater ratio under total' idenee (including mixed dwelling). fall in the ralio of houses used as residence during the The ratio was 83' 1970 and it has fallen to 812 last decade. in 1980. The declinl11g trend of houses used for resj·

TABLE 2-8 PropBrtion ofbou'ieS used a§ pure dwelling all well as mixed dwelling in the State and Districts 1980 and 1970

1980 1970 . ___,_...... ------~---- _ State IDistrict Total Residence Shop- Work· Total Resid. Shop. Workshop residence only cum- shop· residence dence cum- cum- (including resi- cum- (including only resi· re~idence mixed deuce res)· mixed dence dwelling) dence dwelling)

2 3 4 6 7 8 9

TAMIL NADU 812 770 9 33 8:14 809 8 17 1. Madras 855 836 12 7 844 &3S 5 4 2. Cnengalpattu 833 791 10 32 868 841 9 18 3. Nortn Areal 800 749 11 40 814 787 9 18 4. SDutnArcot 846 815 10 21 864 847 10 7 5, Dharmapuri 797 778 7 12 862 850 7 5 6. Salem 820 763 9 48 845 7'19 8 38 7. Periyar 833 772 11 50 Not o.vai,lable 8, Coimbatore 826 778 12 36 849 807 13 29 9. Nilgiri 74<) 738 7 4 722 714 6 2 10. Madurai 819 789 ' 10 ;2() 832 812 8 12 11. Tiruchchirappalli 804 769 8 27 817 798 (, 13 12. Thanjavur 814 787 8 19 850 834 7 9 13. Pudukkattai 773 756 12 Not available 14. Ramanathapuram 187 746 7 34 197 773 19 15. Tirunelveli 778 684 86 807 776 6 25 16. Kal111iyakumari 781 741 7 33 830 809 5 16 TAMIL NADU CENSUS HOUSES ACCORDING TO THEIR USES

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SRI BOUNIlAkIES: s.T-,re/u T LANkA DlSUICT ._

o c E IV

.s-d,1;fIa1 Sw..., of I"' • • n...~ ...... tll.dia...-.:l" _til. tweIw,...ti'*"Ia--'fromtM~_1W. ~'1".tyf.oll:M"""""~""''''''_'WIth.publisM PROPORTION OF MIX£D DWHUNG AND NON - DWELLING HOllS~S BY CATEGORIES FOR URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS HAVING MORE THAN 5 LAJ(H POPULATION

MADRAS U. A.

COIMBATQRc U. A. MADURAl U. A ff.iii@rl SHOP - CUM - DWELLINGS m WORKSHOP-CUM. DWELUNGS • HOTELS AND SARAIS

~~ SHOPS EXCLUDING EATING HOUSES

III BUSINESS HOUSES AND OFFICES • FA'G;TORIES AN~ WORKSHOPS

.:::::::.:.: RESTAURANTS AND SWEETMEAT SHOPS i.IISIS'I!J Pl4CE OF ENTERTAINMENT AND II!IlIIi1 COMMUNITY GATHfRING Em PLACE OF WdRSHIP 3 II OTHERS T,RUCHCHIRAPPAlLi U. A. U. A. URBAN AGGlOMERATIOM The. raiio of houses used for residential purposes ?weHing is over' S()() and in the remaining eight. tbe alone IS 770 at slate ]evel as against Il09 10 1970. Idtl08 rang,,; between 700 and 800. It is seen that big Among the districts, we fmd lhat the highei:il ratio and ~lo,rc ~pulous Citi~s/uAs have recorded higher in this calcgo ry is recorded in 11.1 a dras (836) palm-leal products, halldloQms alld ll, host of oUler 1. Ma(lras U'.A. 853 833 II 9 cottage and hou~hold industries has '-revealed the 2. C{)imbalorc U,i\, 817 78l II 2.5 nighest ralio of ;86 pl'l' 1000 houses and the corres­ 3. Ma(jurui \;'A. 834 786 II 37 ponding ralio in.197() was 25. j 11 til\) district of Kan· 4 Tiruchdlirappalli U.A. 323 774 11 38 niyakumari (1)0, the ratio has more than doubled from 5. Salem UA. 822 696 20 106 16 in i97U til ~3 m 198\). [n nlaniavur, \1.he ratiQ in 6. Tirunelveli U.A. 804 668 9 127 1980 is 19 as against 9 in 1970. In Soutb Arcdt dis­ trict, the ratio has trebled (rom 7 in 191'0 to' 21 in 7. Erode U,A. 811 775 16 20 1980. North Arcot district, which has a number of heedi 8. Tuticorin U.A. 820 802 7 11 producing units in res"idences., reveals a ratio of 40 per 9. ¥eIlore u.A. 737 700 11 26 \ 1000 houses in 1980 as workshop.eum.residence while 10. Tiruppur U,A. 804 715 18 71 m 1970 the ratio was only 18. Salem district is reo Il. Thal\ia~ur City 80S 161 12 30 llowned for its hand loom mdustry and it had a. ratio 12. Nagercoil CilY 78fi 721 13 52 o[ 38 per 1000 houses. as workshop·cu.m.·residence 13. Dindigul Clty 790 739 9 42 even in 1970. This ratio has increased to 48 in 1980. Low ratio ul1dcI the group "Workshopccum·residence" 14. Kanchipuram U.A. 805 604 18 183 15. Kumhakol1!lm 0.,\. 794 fiR7 25 82 lS founu in Nilgiri (4), Madras (7), Dharmapuri (12) and Pudukottai {12). In six or the 16 districts, the 16. Cuddalore City 791 745 16 30 ralio of this category is more tban 33 which is the 17. Valparai City 825 814 8 3 average ratio for tile state as a whole. The districts 13. Pollachi U.A. n9 75b 15 26 :lre North Areot, Salem, Periyar, Coimbatore, Rama­ 19. Rajapalaiyam City 763 700 4 59 nathapuram and Tirunelveli. The higher ratio in 20. Kuraikudi UA. 76\ 726 6 29 these districts should be attributed to the increasing importance of certain household industries locally famouS there. If we consider houses used purely for resldential pUIJ-lGses. w1thout combination of other uses the Hooses used for residential purposes in Cities/Urban/ ~ighest ralio. is in Madras UA (833) and the l~west A gglomeratiouS IS 1ll Kanchlpuram U.A.(604). Only three of the 20 There are 20 urban Cl:l1tres (cities including urban c!tlcslVAs have rat~o exceeding 800 viz" Madras U.A., agglomerations) in the state which have a popu.lation lutlcofln U.A. and .Yalparai city; I3 have ratio:> bet­ of one lakh and over each. wee'l 700-800 and four below 700.

Table 2-9 gives the ratio 01 houses used for 'resi· . The ratio of houses used as shop-cu!11·residence is dence. S!lOp~ellm·rcsidencc and workshop·cum-residence hIghest in Kumbakonam VA (25 per JOoo), an im­ in dies and urban agglomerations (VAs) of over one portant busmcss ccntre in Thaniavuf district. The lakh popu.latjon. next highest ratio is in Salem vA (20) and the third highest ratio of 18 is recorded both in Tiruppur VA Of the 20 centres. we find that UA (which M~dra& and -!<-anchlpuram UA. All these are important com­ includes the core city of Madras Corporation and merctal centres famous for handloom goods, hosiery 48 other surrounding towns) has the highest ratio of 853 houses under residence (including partly residen­ goods etc. The. lowest ratio of houses under shop· cum.resld~nce (V1Z~ 4) is recorded in Rajapalaiyam tial houses, VlZ.. residence, shop-cum-residence and Oty. whIch acqUlred city status only in the 1981 workshop.cum-residence). Madurai UA has a ratio C,;nsus. Karaikudi UA (6 per ]000 houses), Tuticorin of 834. wh ich is the second highest among the 20 VA (?), Valparai city (8;, Dindigul city (9) and Tim­ centres. T116 lowest ratio is observed in Vellore UA llelvell UA(9) arc the oUter centres with low ratios with Gilly 737. Tn twelve of the 2Cl UAs!Cities, the ratio of houses used as dwellings including mixed of hOllses under shop·cum-residence: 10

Worksitop-cuiil"resldence In cities: hou~ts put to u&es ~ther than re!idence was 70 per JOOO of all hOLLSCS III 1960. This had increased to Only in Kanchipuram UA (183 per 1000 houses) T!runelveli UA (127) and Salem VA (106) W~ find 96 ~t1 I ~70 and further to 124 ill 1980. The increase very high ratio of houses used both as residence and !S slgmlll,;anlly high m u,ages like 'shops', 'facwries', workshop. Both Kanchipuram and Salem arc famQus work,shops ,and wor~shoos', 'places of entertainment' handloom centres. Kanchipuram and its suburbs are and others WhICh mcludes hospitals. liealth centres and ~ducation,al institutions. Such a trend, particularly well known for their silk goods, done 011 a household the Increase In the h\)lL,cs used for factories work. industry basis. Salem and its surrounding [owns and sho})5- and shops may be consideri.:d as iMi\:;tive of Villages abound in house" wilh handioom weaving the increased economic activity. Geme within the premises. [t is ,m important avoca­ tion among the inhabitants of these places. Tirunel­ vcli is also well know~ for iiS palm·leaf products., Table 2-10 shows the distribution of 1000 houses mats and bamboo artIcles besides handlooms and under different US~S .and the districts falling above or handicrahs. KUITlbakonam VA (32), Tiruppur UA below the state ratw III cuch cutegory_ (71), RajapalaiYllm city (59) as also Nagercoil city (52) are also important centres with ratio of 50-100 Hotels, Sarais, etc. hOllses, used combincdly as residence as well as work­ Barring Nilgiri district wh~I\; the ratio of house5 s.hop. The urblin centres with very low ratios of used as hotds, etc., is 2 pl'r 1000 houses, all the other this combined residential category are Valparai city districts have either only one per IO~ houses or even (3 per 1000 houses) which is predominantly a planta­ I"ss under this category. Nilgiri is ope of the famous ar~a. Madras UA (9) and (11). Consi­ titHl Tuticorin hill sr~lions of th~ country a'lId is 'tile prerpier tourist dering the n areas of the state alone the ratio urba spot In TamIl Nadu. It has a number of hotels of houses under 'residence-cum-workshop' has in· lodges, tourist houses and i!)speC!lori bungalows t; creased from 27 in 196() to 30 in t 970 and 44 in 19RO. cater to the nee.ds of the IIll1umerable "isitors who flock to thi;>, hilly district elwin" the seasons. From Nou"residential u~s the point of view of numbers, however, We fiod that COl1bidering the houses put to non-residential use, the cellsufr ~ouses used as h~tels. sarais, etc." is high leaving even mixed dwellings, we notice a significant 111 MadurlH (1.1;10 house::;) clOd Thalljavur (1 010 ·increase during the recent decades. The ratio of ]Jl>tlses) /distrIcts.. ' '

TABLE 2-10 DidfibuHoll of 1,1101) h'lo~e~ hy th~ dill'creat ~~e~ a~1llJe di~tricts with ratio abo'l'e alld belo", the State average ulldereach uSe

Usc, of Houses Ralio per Districts with ratio DiSb'icts with ratio equal to 1000 above the; statc ratio or below the state ratio houses at State level 2 4

I. Tolal bouse. [,000 Z. VaGJ.nl (at the time of house­ 64 Dharm3Puri 168) Sall!lI1 (71) Math-as (18) ell ellgalpatt u (51) iistitlg) Periyar (72) Nilgiri (112) North Areot (56) Tiruchchirappalli (71) South Arcot (52) Pudukko1tai (83) Coimbalore (61) Madurai (64) Ramallathapuram (76) Thanjavur (48) Tirullelveli (93) Kanniyakumari (63)

1 Residence 770 \1adra~ (336) Chengalpattu (791) North Areot {749) Salem (763) South Areal (815) Nilgiri (73&) Dharmapuri (778) Periyar (772) Tiruchchirapllalli (769) COlmbalore (718) Mlldurai (789) Pudukkouai (756) Thanja.vur (7&7) Ramanathapuram (746) Tirunelvcli (68<\.}

I Kanniyakumari (741)

4. Sno\l·cu'n-residence :Vladra, (I.!) ChllllguJpaltu (10) Dhannapuri (7) Salem (9) North ArcQ( (I t) South Arcot(IO) Nilgiri (7) TirucnchirapPolH (1\) »criyar (J I) Coimbatore t 12) Thanjavur (8) Pudukkouai (6) ~l.adurai (10) Ramanaltlapuram (7) TinlJlelvelj (R) Kanniyakllmari (11 21

TABLE 2-1O-contd. DetribtrUun (If .,000 houses by lite d'fferent uses and the districts with ralill above and below the State average under each use ------Usc ( f H')lLCc !{olliO jlcr DIStrict witlJ ralil' D_,!rin, \':,t11 lat'o clju;t! to lOJ() abow tbe ,I"tc lilliu <>f b~l0Iv tbe ~llltG rati" huu;.s at Slale level

2 4 ------5. WorksiJoll-C(l'Il-:-csi

6. Hol~h, Saral'" Dhannashdla\, Nilgiri m 1\1.",lr'l' (I) Cnengalp:tllu (I), ]\'ollh Arcot Touri,!t Homes alld in,p)ction­ ( I) South Areot (0) Dhannal'lII i (I)' hOllses Salelll (I) PeriYa!, (0) ~o;mbmorc (I) Madural (I) 'flruchclural'palli (I) TllanJd-vlIl' (1) Pudukkoltai (1) H

24 Madras (47) n ~ rgalpatlu (24) Madurai (27) Norih Areot (23) Thanjavuf (27) South Areal (17) "-amanathaput311l (:m Dharmapuri (13) : Thinmelveli (28) Salem (15) Katmiyakumari (41) Periyar (20) Coirnbalore (23) Nilgi ri (23) Tifllchchirappalli (19) Pudukkottai (22)

8. Bu~i]c\'i houslV~ artu vJIic-c:."l Madras (9) Coimbatorc (6) Che.lgalpaHU (4) North Meal (4) Nilg;ri (7) Ramanathpuran, (6) Soulh Ai cot (3) Dharmapuri (3) Karmiyakumari (6) Salem (4) Periya~ (4) Madurai (5) Tiruchchirappalli (4) Than.javur (5) Pudukkottai (4) Tirunclveli (5)

9. factories. Work~hops and 17 MaJra~ (25) Salem (20) Ch~l1galra!lu(15} Norl!1 Arcot.(IG, Worksheds Coimbatorc (24) RamanathaJlllram Soulh Arcot (10) Dharmapuri (9) (18) Ka'lrliyakumari (18) Periyar (17) Nilgiri (13) Madura; (15) Tiruchchirappalli (15) Thal1javul (J6) Pudukkotlai (16) Tirunc[veli (15)

10. ResialJf3.Ilt,. Sweelll1Ca.t sbops Madras (6) Thanjavur (8) Ch~ngalpattu (5) Nc>rlh Areat (4) and eating p Iaces Pudukkoltai (7) Ramanathapllram South Arcol (4) Dharmapur; (3) (6) Kanniyakumari (7) Salom (3) Periyar (3) Coimbatore (4) Nilgiri (5) Madura; (5) Tirchc.hirappalJi (4) Tirun.elveli (5)

11. Places of entertainn.cnt and 2 Madurai (.1) Madras (2) Chcl1galpauu (I) community gatherin g Ram 0 nathal)u ram (3) North /\rcot (ll South Areat (J) Tirurlelveli (3) Dharmapu!1 (I) Salem (I) Periyar (I) Cormbalore (2) Nilgiri (lj Ti,llchcbirarpalli (2) Thanjavur(2) Pll(]ukkoltai (2) Kalllliyakumari (2) ------.------22

TABLE 2-1O-contd.

Uistributfon of 1,ooa lIous~s by the dj.ru~Bt us~s a;ld t~e dislr.els wilh ratio. alJav" aij~ del.II' tac State a'erage ~ader eac~ Uie ------Use of Houses Ratio per Districts with ratio Districts witl! ratio equal to 1000 above the state ratio or b~Jow tl1~ ;\atc ralio houses at State lewl ------_._------_... _._--- ... --.... ------_._ 1 2 3 4

Madras (2) Nortl! Ar~ot (II) South 12. Places of Wor:ihip 1I Chengalpattu (12) Dharmapuri (13) Arwt (Il) C(limi>atof<; (~) Nilgiri Salem (12) Periyar (12) (7) Madurai (10) Tirl.lc!tchirappalli (12) Tbanjavur (13) Pudukkotlai (17) Ramaoathapu,

5\1 North Aeoot (~4) : M~dras (25) Chengalpattu (54) 13. Otbers Dha.rmapuri (92) ; South Areat (56) Salem (52) Nilgiri (81) , Periyar (38) CoiOlbatore (45) Tirucbchirappalli (68) . Madur~1 (51) Tirunelveli (59) ThaDjavur (6() Pudukkoltai (74) Ramaoalhapuram (63) Katllliyakumari.------.--_----- (63) remaining districts, the ratio lli' 5 and below. The Shops: low ratio of 3 is found in Dharmapuri Salem and In the case of the six districts of Madras, , Periyar districts. ' ' Madurai, Tlianjavuf, Ramanathapurarn, Tirunelveli , , and Kanniyakumari, the ratio of hOuses used as shops Iu absolute numbers, Thanjavur district has 7,995 sue,1 huuses. Madural with 5,570 and Tlrunelveli is more than 24, which is tile state average. The J highest ratio is in Madras (47). Kanniyakumari dis· WJlb 5.165 are the other districts having larger number tricl has the second highest ratio of 41. Madras being of houses used jar these purpose. the commercial hub of the state, shdps are obviously Places of EntertammeJIt and Community gatheriJIg more here compared to other districts. The ratio of houses used as shop is very low in Uharmapuri (13), Houses under this group (22,9Ij) form just 2 per Salem (IS), and South Area! (17) districts. Like shops., 100U of all hOllses at state level. The ratio is higher business houses and offices occupy a higher ratio of (3 per 1000 houses) llJ the three districts of Madurai 9 pcr 1000 houses in Madras, the other districts having. Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli. In all the othe; lower ratios. Most of the dlslricts have low ratios districts, it is either two or one. of S and below in this category. The districts with Places of Worship lowest ratios are Soutb Areal (3) and Dharmapuri (3). . Ten Q~t ~f the 16 districts in the state have a Factories, Workshops and Worksheds higher rallO I.e. more than 11, which is the average for the State as a whoh:. The hi

A total of 51,620 houses are used as restaurants, etc. Rur~-urban difiie:reotials in usage in districts in the state and this works to 5 ner 1000 of all honses. The ratio is highest (8) in Thatijavur district. It is 7 The ratio of census houses under different uses in Pudllkkottai and Kanniyakumari districts and 6 vary between the rural and urban areas and data on in Madl as and Rnman:lthapuram districts. ln the this for stnte and districts are given in Table 2·J J. .., 0 III w :::>'" J: :x:0 !i2 0 ·z '"t) '" 0- 0 ~ '"0 Z ~g ~ '" J: -< III ~ta IJ:'" "'.~ 1--< 0 :::> '" zel 0 '"J U ~ ~I!) ~ 1: "0 -' 0 .:. ~J: U :I: zz :~ :::> 0 X w 0 U J: .1- LU '" :~ Oz '" '" :::>-< .,.:::> on -'- '"w 0 - 0 ;;; "'ti 1-0 VI: ::c :x: :x: :::> -< :s '" 3: ~g on ...... ~~ ~8 0.. b Iml~IIm1111 a0 0

~ 0 z 0 ::i..... "" LIJ 3: Q g IX) Q LIJ ~ ~ " :e 0 ] ....0 a ~ ~ ~ WI.!)c'" VIZ

~3wLIJ

0,~H~ :::t: z VlO ~z aiz:VIC UoC( o o E LLo :zo ~ i¥ ~

0 w :::> :l l- I- ii: :!: 0:: ~ :;( ::; a: I: ::; ~ -< I- 0 w a: 0:: .... :J < w Q '"a: 0 :> ..J « l- « '( I- 0 6 « > I- 0:: u ... >- I- .... :J 0- ..J> I: e C « ~ 0:: « « Ii< 0 « 0 :J Z « ... « w « "- .... w :J 1: .... « 1: '" ... Z « « Z 'II: Z ~ « 0:: ... I:: I: 0:: ~ -< :::l e( ~ :r ::t: e( « :l J: CI l- I- ::I: I- a: >- Z 0:: ::I: 0 r I- a i w :::l 0 U U :J « ;:: z e :r 0 0 J: a. Z Z l- Z III U « V :J I: -< S~:JI'l:Il.SI(l 0:: « ~ i= 0:: PERCENTAGE OF CENSUS HOUSES USED AS MIXED DWRLlNGS AND NON· DWELLINGS IN TAMIL NADU 1996025

1253075 742950 TOTAL

URBAN

SHOP. CUM· RESIDENCE ~3i FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKSHEDS [I]. ::!:::: R.ESTAURANTS, SWEETME'AT SHOPS AND ~ WOP.KSHOP· CUM. RESIDENCE =:=:::: eA'!;ING PLAC!;S HOTELS, SARAIS, DHARMASHAlAS, WBlB! PLACES of ENTERTAINMENT AND COMMUNITY ~ GATHERING EXCLUDING PlACES OF WORSHIP • TOURIST HOMES AND INSPECTION HOUSES PLACES OF WORSHIP [Eg, TEMPlE, CHURCH SHOP EXCLUDING EATING PLACES BOO 1m laHJ MOSQUE, GURUDWARA Etc.) • BUSINESS HOUSES AND OFFICES [illI OTHERS '

Number of Census Houses used as mixed DweUings and Non- Dwellings is indicated at the top of the circle. 23

N

eeoo f'f')C\ Otr1 N~J ("0-0 ,...lr-l

N 24

Tilt ratios of hous1.:s in various categories of USIO category of houses is rcJ'kctcd in all the districts of in urban areas arc Ilwstly higher except in mganl to the State. Houses used as. shop-cum-residence have vacant houses, houses used purely as residence and grown sizably by 45.90 p;;r cent in the State during also as places of worship and 'others'. In tbe case of 1970-80, In Madras city the decadal increase is over vacant houses. the proportion is generally lower in 200 per cent. As is well known, the location of the urban areas. In certain: exceptional districts, viz., Chen­ shops in the house itself carries with it some advan­ galpattu. South Areot, Thanjavur and Pudukkotai, the tages. The necessity to travel to the work spot does vacant houses ratio is found to be higher in urban areas not exist. There is the much needed security for the than in rural areas. Thanjavur and Pudukkottai dis­ goods kept in the shop and the business also can be tricts a re predominantly agriculture-oriented distric;ts carried on for longer hours. Such types of houses and are not much urbanised. In the case of Chengal­ with shops attached to them are common in the rural pattu district, the urban areas include several small areas and smaller towns where shops are fewer. In suburban towns of Madras and more houses are also the case of Madras city, where a number of neigh­ being built in these areas. Tbe slightly higher ratio bouring towns and villages have also been brought of vacant houses in urban areas in this district may under the Corporation's jurisdiction in the last decade, perhaps be due to existence of these smaller towns. the growth of such shop-cum-residential houses has The ratio of houses used as pure residence (without any been quite striking. Kanniyakumari, Madurai and combination of other uses) i~ lower in the urban areas Tirunclveli are the other districts which have record­ than in rural areas in all the districts except Nilgiri as ed phenomenal increase (of qver 50 per cent) in the may beobservcd fromTable2-11. Butin thecase of number of houses used as sbop-cum-residence, Low residence combined with either shop or workshop, the increase of 17.67 per cent in; the depde is observed ratio of hOllses in use are mostly higher in the urban in the case of South Areot district i areas than in the rural areas. In the case of workshop­ cum-residence. a high ratio of 104 per 1000 houses is Decadal increase in the : houseS used! as 'shops' recorded in the urban areas of Timnelveli district. alone amounts t(l 47.28 per cent at state level. Rere. The urban areas oE Salem (93) and Ramanathapuram we find that Chengalpattu (77.86 per CNlt) and the (86) have also recorded very high ratios, In this cate­ districts of Dharrnapuri (66.67 per ecnt) 'and Salem gory, household industrial units are also included and (62.71 per cent) have shown comparatively higher the higher ralio should be due to the existence (If ii num­ increase than the rest of the districts. The lowest in­ ber of such units in these districts, Nilgiri has a very crease is' observ~d in Tirunelveli district wllich ha~ low ratio of houses used as residence-cum-workshop. recorded a pact 25.56 per cent growth in this cate­ gory. ' In regard to shops excluding eating houses, Kanniya­ kumari has the highest ratio of 35 in rural areas and 69 In rega.rd to usage of houses as 'factories.. workshops in urban areas. The ratio is higher in urban areas in and worksheds', the decadal increase is more than all districts. when compared to that in rural areas. the state average in the district'! of the northef\\ part Houses used as (lffices and business houses form of the State. Madras, however. is an exception and the naturally a higher ratio in the urban areas of all the decadal increase here is only 47,49 per' cent. In the' districts than in the rural areas. The hil.!hest 'l'atio districts of Dharmapuri. Chengalpattu, Salem, South of 13 in this case is recorded in the urban areas of Areot and ilimbatore, the number of 'houses u~ed Dharmapuri and Kanniyakumari. Houses used as as factories, workshops and worksheds in 1980 has faetori~s, workshops, worksheds etc" arc alsl) in more than doubled. This is indicative of the large higher proportion in urban areas than in rural areas increase in the manufacturing units (which includes and this is only to be expected. Among the urban producti'on, )Jcocessing, servicing and repair of good~l areas of the various districts, the highest ratio of 43 in these districts. The lowest decadal increase among is noticed in North Areot, Salem and Pudukkottai. the district~ in this regard is 0bserved in Nilgiri (42.96 Higher urban ratio is also seen in all the districts per cent). The districts with comparatively larger under the usage 'restaurants. sweetmeat shops' etc. number of houses used as factories etc., are Salem with 18,950 houses. Coimbatore with 18,665 and Rural areas are having higher ratio of houses used Madr~s with 18'(190. for worship, than the urban areas, in the districts~ Kanniyaku'mari has the highest ratio among the dis­ Houses used as 'WQrkshop-cum-Restdence' and 'Fac­ tricts under this category both in the ruml and ur­ tories, Workshops and Worksheds, 1970--1980 ban areas (20 in rural and 11 in urban). Tn the case of rural areas, the lowest ratio is in Nilgiri (9) while In these two classification too, a very high deca­ in the case of urban, Madras has the lowest ratio (2). dil increase at state level is noticed in 1980 over the Under 'others', Dharmapuri has revealed the highest figures of. 1970. W7ile the houses used as 'WorkShop­ ratio of 96 among the rural areas of districts while cum-residence' has. gone up by 140.20 per cent, the Madras with 25 has the lowest ratio in the case of increase in regard: to 'Factories. Workshop and llrban areas. Worksheds' is 78.85 in Tamil Nadu. On a review of HolISfS used as 'Sh

and only in Salem and Coimbatore, the percentage handloOJ))s, matches etc.. have made a phenomenal lncrease is less than 100. This category includes growth in the decade. These cottage industties are household industry also and one ia inclined to con. generally 'located in tbe house itself and are done by clude that the household industries like bidi rolling, household members.

TABJ:.B 2-12 '

"OIISesc used 89 'soo,.clltD-Resideoee' aJIII 'Sb~' 1970 :lind 19110

State/l)jstrict Hou!re!l used u 'Shop­ HOU5ej used a~ 'ShopS excluding Cum-Residence" eating houses' 1970 198G percentage 1970 1980 Percentage increa'!e increa~e

2 , 3 4 5' 6 7

TAMlLNADU 75,300 109,860 45.90 1'.19,315 293,560 47.28 I. Macltas 2,475 8,340 236. ~7 22,450 33,800 50,56 l. .cIlellgalpattu ,5,450 8.050 41,11 11,180 N,18S 71,86 3. North Arcot 7,520 IO,nS 4328 14,820 22,720 5UI 4. So~th Aroot 7,980 1),390 17,67 10,340 16,095 55,66 5, Dhannll1,1llIi 37,23 66.67 6. Salem, 2;310 3,110 3,165 6,275 6,190 8\810 42.33 8,930 14,530 ~2, 11 7. PeriyliC* , . ;U.43 59,04 8. 6,235 1 11,m} ~ll1batore 13.1io 9.~85 18,310 17,935 9. N giri . 48,45 10. Madurai 80S 1,195 J 2,410 3,715 54.1.5 11. 7,380 I123S 52,24 21.950 30,335 38,20 TiruchchirappalIi 5,390 15,320 12. Th3.!1javur • 1.195~ 18.495} 13. Pudllkkottai •• 6,205 ' 8,230 46.49 22,645 27,910 38.76 14. 1.560) 6,)75 Rall1aaatllapuram 3,965 5,815 46.66 16,sio 23,850 41,88 15. TirlJllel~eli . 5,165 50,92 16. 1,795 21,190 27,360 25,56 Kanniyakurnari l,l55 2,380 75.65 8,595 13,195 53.52

'Ponned after .1971 Ceno:us Qut of Coill1!1at()l'e district. "Formed after 1971 Ce~~llq out of Til'UChcbirappalli and Thal\iavur districts,

TABLE :H3

H~MeS Died :liS 'Work~bOll.c~m-Residence', ud 'Paefuries, Wor)(4Iops aDd Wo~kmeds', in 1970 and 1980

State/District 'Houses used M Work~hop.eulll·resi· HOUles used as Factories, Workshop' dence (including Hou!rehol

1970 1980 Percantage 1970 1980 1>ercentage increase increase

2 ,4 5

TAMIL NADU 166,010 3!>8,785 140,70 111,005 . 198,535 78.85 1. Madr&S 2,080 5,330 156,25 12,Z65 18,090 47,49 2, Chengalpattu 10,780 3, 26,345 144 39 5,840 12,955 121.83 North Areal 14,1j95 40,445 175 23 8,735 16,210 85.58 4, SoutlJAroor 20,32() 5, 5,92:5 24MS 4,715 9,730 106.36 Dhannapuri 1,640 5,910 260,37 1,825 4,270 133.97 6. Salem . 28,065 45,615 62,53 8,935 18,950 112,09 7. Peri~ . 28,480) 86.24 13,710 9,545] 105.76 8. C

*Forrned out or Coimhlllore district after 1971. " ··Porllled out ofTlJIlchcbirappalli and Thanja~4Istrict's after 1911. S-1 Consus/TN/84 26

Decadal intrease HI OOlllleS used as 'busluess houses trict as also Ramanathapuram {81.49 per c¢nt} a:nd alld 'offices" places of eOJtertainment'. 'places of Tirunelveli (89.42 per cent), the decadal variation is WOl'&.ltiP', etc., 1970-1989 . . more than 100 per cent in all. the otber districts of the State. As earlier· pointed· out, the large increase The number of houses under tlJe above three cate­ in this category is due to the increase in the number gories in the State and districts both in 1970 and 1980 of libraries and reading rooms and ;mandrams' run along with the percentage Increase is given in Table by the various political parties. etc_ 2-14. In regard to houses used as 'business houses and offices', the districts of Ramanathal'uram (68.54 The number of houses used as places of worship per cent). Salem (56.70 per cent) and Coimbatore has increased from 100,860 in 1970 tq 137,080 in (55.20 per cent) show higher increase than the rest 1980 in the enth! State, registering a growth of 35.9( of the districts. In the districts of North Areot, South per cent in the decade. The highest increase in this Areot and Dharrnapuri also, the decadal increase regard among districts is seen in Madras where the under this usage is over SO per cent. Nilgiri district percentage va iaiion during 1970-80 is 74.52. The has revealed the lowest increase of 7.94 per cent. number of Census houses used for this purpose in Madras being the biggest business centre and State Madras in 1980 is 1,815. The other districts with capital. has the lar~est number of houses in this cate. high decadal increase is, Chengalpattu (68.52 per gory (6,095 in 1980), among the districts. cent) and Dharmapuri (67.43 per cenO. Very low In­ crease is ohserved in the !case of Tirunelveli 'district Houses used as entertainment pJaces have. increas­ (331 per cent) under thi~ cate~ory. Kanniyakumari ed in the past decade by nearly l65 per cent in the district has al~(l a low increase of ~nly 17.58 per cent. entire State. The increase in Madurai District is In terms of absolute numbers, :fhanillvur district­ striking; (321.48 per cent). In S~lem which has recor­ which· is f~mous for numerous tem\Jlesl of legendary ded the second· highest percentage among the dis. yore- has the largest number of houses (13.625) tricts, the rate is 269.70. The lowest increase among under use as 't}Jace of worship'. Nilghi has the least districts is in Nilgiri (8.11 per cent). Barring this dis- number of 1.175 in this regard. ' TABLE 2-14 H!IItie~ used as Business Houses and O,1ices, places of entertainnmt and comm'Jnity gathering and places:of wor5bip, 1m and 1986 ! .

'SUc/Djqtrict BU';no~

2 4 6 7 9 10

TAMIL NADU 41,035 s~,no 387.7 8,650 22,I}15 16491 100,860 137,080 3591 \. Madras 4,480 6,095' 3605 400 1,130 182.50 1,040 1,815 7452 2. Cheng.1p ,tlu 2,125 3,185 4988 585 ],270 117.09 6,125 10,340 68.82 3. N~rth Arcot 2,660 4,000 50 :;8 4~5 1,315 t11.B 8,240 11,065 34.28 4, South Arcol 2.260 3,405 5066 325 1,020 213 85 6,6]0 10,515 59.08 5. Dh.crmHj)uri 1,095 1,645 50 23 1 15 415 260 87 3,715 6,220 67.43 6. &J.lem 2,610 4,090 5670 330 1,220 26910 7,085 11,445 6U4 7. P0dyar* 1 2,345 1 SS 20 600 1 137.71 6,935, 45.37 )- 8. Cr>imb.tore .J 4375 4,445 S 875 1,480 J 9,225 6,475 J 9. Nilg;ri 1,070 1,155 794 185 200 8 11 860 1.175 36 63 JO. M.

OF Jrmoo ... fter 1971 census out of Coim;,",tJTe Distdcl. ••F()Uned after 1971 census out of Tiruchchirappalli and Thanjavur DistriCI~.

v,.~. ' 21 noJ1S115 used fur noo-dwelliPg PIIlpGIiO in~ Cltiesl . '_ III theease~ shops (~xcluding ea!inihouse&), the ra. Urbu AggIomnlioDs t~a of nou~s IS the nlgbest, Vi!:, a3 per 1000 in the ca&e o! \.ellore. VA. Nagercoil city with 64 and Generally, the Mn-residential uses are more in the Dmdlgul CLty WIth 61 are the other CI-t - b J,,~nJ. . t"f "0 les Wit '-"-6" urban areas because of tbe need for more shops. ra lOS 0 over '-' per 1aDO houses In th Mad 0, L' " e ras office;, bllSineSS houses, workshops, ractorics, enter­ [ ."., I"e raliO IS only 44. valparai tbe fa h' h t.dnmen: placc5, etc. The ratio of Censu, houses used aUamed the status of a city only in' 1981 p ce W ICd ior ncn·re..sidentia: purp;:tS;& ~r 1000 h()ilSe~ k_ the °h' h . full " . l.. censu.s !lIl I'i Ie IS (II plantatiOns llas revealed f w ho- 20 CI'I~ and urban aggiomeratiJ:J.S o{ Tamil Nadu 5es as sho ps, tlre raOo being i9. ine usa"e eotbO~B with population of one lakb and over, is given ill as busmess hOUSCll and offices is compar"'at,'v 1 . T' I j' ,- A .,. e y more Table 2-15. I~ ll"\lne ,ve! v .., Nagerccil city and Cuddalore cIty. I~ these places, ten out of every 1M " h · vutJ ouses are II! UK'st {II tl:c ciries and urban agglomerations u~e d ,a~ bus mess housesloffices_ In the ~ase of fiye under consideration. the ratio- 01 'houses used as cities; [JAs., the ratlo IS 9; these are Coimbat VA hotels etc., ii either' one 01 twe. The' highest ratio of Vello~c UA, Tlrupp~r UA, Thar:javur cit an~repL)lla: 3 nomes used as hotels etC., is seen in Vellore. UA., chI LA. The rattO lfl Madras UA (whi l . . gest b. usiness centre of the State and is the LS Cthe bl~- waich is an impollallt commercial llml business cen- c . be' Jli e st a e caPI' tre i!l the Madras-Ballgalor~ toute. The presence of t aI h ilVl1J~. a num r of 0 c~s) is only S Wh'l 6 f the fanliJru; Christian Mission H(}~Pltal here attracts ~he 2.} cltleslUAs. und~r discussion have' 8 1 e 10& patients in large numbers ftom other parts of. the DOUSes as. busmess ]Jouses/oflkes. 6 otllers ~'e tbe Siate and evei! outslOC. In ti},l-CiiSC of Tiruppur U.A., low~st ratio of 7 per lOoo !lOuS~S ill thi s cat egory. tbe ratio under this category IS. found tu be negligible. TARLE 2-15 Pr~]ttK1illD of bOlllei p&l,IO) CffiJ~ul Hf.>.se>tis~f(Jr p[fpos~, ofuer'UWl Illl\!Uin: iQ Citil'1l.'llrbu Al:g!ulnem&n:s 01]1111,00II- . jNlfIIllal1M .IUd M'K Jlu. In t~,e r~aidllar and hosiery goods is dow: 011 P. brge .cale, e"en 'others', Maciras UA (251 has tbe lOWe'" r~,~a,eC~9" though many units are small in size. RajapalaiYMIl. . h h' b 0' tho >< ... 10 ltles Wit Ig tr rauo 10 IS category are R' ' I . city w(tn 47 as the ratio alld Vellorc UA with 4S are .(66) and Va)parai (62). aJapa 3.lyam tne two other units witb high ratio of hOllses in. this category. \'al~aF!li city (<», lutic(}rin UA (21), Madras UA (25) and Tiruchchirappa1U UA (26) ar';; having low Distribaoon of 1000 C_ bouses and w"-nt ratios in this category, Houses used as restaurants, us

8~~r;;::;:~~~ ~ '"' ...~$~tc~~~~ :;:!l~~

....g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ §~~ ~ ~ ~ : ~

8,.., ::- ~, 0 v:: :::: :t ~ t:: N ~ ~(~ 0\ ~ ~ ~

....g;:e~~~~~~ gg:::g~~;:!;~r::~

...g~~;;~~~t;: ~:;~~~;:3~~~

g~~~~!;!~~ ~,~~~~;:t;:M '"'

....§~~~;_;?;;~~ ~~(t~~~~~M

,...g~~o.t;~r:~ ~::~tt~r!i~t!~ cent is found In Madurai district. the other populous Salem district (96) has the highest share of houses districts with a good share of the State's population used as 'factories, workshops and worksaeds'. Coiro­ are North Areot (9.1 per cent), South Areat (8.7 per bat ore (94) and Madras (91) are the other districts cent). Thanjavu[. (8.4 per cent, Chengalpattu (7.5 per with greater proportions under this use. While in the cent), Tiruchchirappalli and Tirunelveli (7.4 per case of. 'restaurants' etc., Thanjavur (139) and Madurai cent each). Smaller districts with fewer population districts (97) arc found t? be prominent, in regard to are Nilgiri (L3 per cent), Pudukkottai (2..4 per cent) houses u.o;ed· for entertainment. the districts of Ma­ and Kanniy.akumari (2.9 per cent). Table 2-16 gives durai (137), Ramanathapuram (133) and Tirunelveli the details. (113) are found to occupy the first three places. Nearly to ou~ of every 100 iIouses in the Slate used as places At the time of houselisting, it is noticed that the of wOi;ship are in Thanjavur district. Tirunelvell dis­ distribution of the tota] houses of the State among trict with (9 per cent) has the next highest share of the the districts is more or less in the same pruportion State's houses used under this category. of the districts' population te. the. State's total popu­ lation. In Chengalpattu district h(,wever, the extent of Under the miscellaneous category 'others' which in­ hous<:s (which is 69 per 1000 of total houses in State) cludes census houses used as medical and educational is very low when, compar69 to its share of 75 per' institutions, pump sets, etc., Madras city. has the low­ 1000 of the State s population here. In the case of est share of 25 per 1000. North Arcot with 119 of Madras, the ratlo of houses ~ 59 per 1000 as against every 1000 of the State's houses under the CC1tegory its higher share of population which is 68 per 1000_ 'others' has the largest share. Thiruchchirapalli and North Areat also has more p()P]lJation than tile pro­ Thahjavur districts have also hlgher ratio of n and portion of houses and the dilfurence in ratio is high 94 respectively among 1000 houses of the State~ when compared to other districts\ '. The southern districts, barrjpg' Kanniyakurnari, Rural-Urban distribution of houses ander differmt have recorded a higher share ofl the houses than po­ uses pulation. In some cases as in ¥adurai and Puduk­ The distribution of 11)00 houses under 'purely resi­ koltai, the proportion is same b

TABLE 2.,..17

Rural-Urban iIi~trlbuti()D of 1000 CeB'l1lS hOUSfS, Residential, Partly Residential aDd vannt, 8IId Population

StatejDistric! Population, 1981 Total Census Wholly Residen- Cemus Houses used as' Vacant at the Houses tial time of House- Shop-Cum- Workshop- listing Residence cum-Residence

------~------_- Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 '6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TAMIL NADU 670 330 689 311 6911 302 616 3fW 5JO 41() 734 Z66 I. Madras 1000 1000 1000 1000 WOO 1000 2. Chengalpattu 611 389 629 371 634 366 642 358 552 448 622 378 J. North Areot 770 230 799 201 819 181 773 227 656 344 804 ]96 4. South Areol 843 151 851 149 862 138 804 196 820 180 846 154 5. Dharmapuri 906 94 903 91 912 88 842 158 798 202 891 103 6. Salem 111 289 735 265 760 240 506 494 483 517 764 ;,36 7. P~riyar 780 220 790 210 800 200 636 364 850 150 854 146 8 .. Coimbalore 495 505 511 489 518 482 497 503 595 405 576 424 9. Nilgiri 511 489. 533 467 532 468 347 65,} 311 68') 605 395 10. Ma.durai 638 362 662 338 614 326 668 446 554 717 283 11. Tirucb;:l1irappalli 739 261 756 244 762 238 657 j~ 681 311} 794 206 12. Tila1.iavur 769 231 787 213 804 196 666 334 57? 421 748 252 13. Pudukkottai 867 133 860 140 875 125 683 317 232 836 ]64 14. Ramallathapuram 718 282 719 281 749 251 750 250 ~ 70& m 268 15. Tirunelveti . 654 346 670 330 726 274 678 312 699 !Ol 726 274 16. Kanniyakumari 828 172 829 17t 863 137 837 163 742 258 863 131

~, . portions are higher in urban areas in Ramanathapuram Compared to India. as a whole, the ratio of houses (708), Nilgiri (689). Madurai (554) and Salem (517) under the mixed residence category. viz., workshop. districts besides Madras. cum-residence is higJ:)er. viz.; 33 in Tamil Nadu. The ratio for! India is only 20. Karnatakl1 State has also The ratio of vacant houses is higher in the rural / registered a remarkably high ratio of 35 under areas than in urban areas in all the districts. The va­ ·workshop-cum.residence' which includes household cant houses are comparatively higher in the urban industry. . areas of the districts of Coimbatore (424), Nilgiri (395) . The ratio of houses used as 'shops' excluding eat­ and Chengalpattu (378). mg houses is 25 in India. It is 24 per 1000 houses in Tamin Nadu. Of the four sout;them States, Kerala has Usage of Cemus Iwuses in India and some of the registered a very high ratio of houses under 'shops' States viz., 45. The ratio of 'shops' ~ in urban areas alone is 61 in India and 48 in Tamil Nadu. The urban ratio Houses put to various uses differ in their ratio as is very high (81 per 1000 houses) in Uttar Pradesh. between the different States. A table giving the ratio of houses by usage for India. Tamil Nadu and the Another important category of use of house is other neighbouring States as also some of the other . 'factories, workshops and worksheds'. There are 1.98 big States is presented here to enable readers compare lakh such houses in Tamil Nadu out of the total of the relative differences in the use of houses for vari· 22.93 lakh houses under this usage in India. The ratio ous purposes in ~hese States. (See Table 2-18). of such houses to all houses is 17 in Tamil Nadu and 15 in India. Among the soutHern States. Kerala has Considering the ratio of houses in each use to 1000 a high ratio in this category, viz., 26. The ratio in beuses of all categories. We find that the ratio of va­ urban areas. where there is generally a concentration cant houses is 53 in India. This ratio is higher e64} of large-scale manufacturing units, the ratio is more in Tamil Nadu as well as in the other southern States. or less similar for India and Tamil Nadu, which is viz., . Andhra Pradesh (61), Karnataka (66) and Ke­ 33 and 32 respectively. raja (7{). The largest State of Uttar Pradesh has re­ Ten out of every 1,000 houses i.e .• one per cent of gistered a low vacancy ratio of 35 per 1000 houses. the total houses is used in India as places of wor· Bihar and West Bengal have also revealed a poor ship viz., temple, Church. mosque, gurudwara, etc. vacancy ratio of 22 and 23 respectively. These are The ratio under such usage is 11 per 1000 houses in populou~ States with a high density o:f popu~ation. Tamil N:adu. Among the southern States. Karnatalca The ratio of houses used purely as residence IS 770 has regi$tered a higher ratio of 19 under 'places of in Tamil Narlu as against 710 in India. This ratio is WOf.ship'. Usage of houses under 'other' is low in the highest in Tamil Nadu considering the four sou· Tami1 Nadu (59 per 1000) when compared to India them States. A low ratio under pure 'residence' is re­ (l46). A very high ratio of 224 under 'other' uses is corded in Karnataka (676). The preference for hou­ observtjd in Uttar Pradesh. Of the four southern ses for use ~ residence alone is apparently more in States, the highest ratio under 'others' is observed in Tamil Nadu. when compared to other States. Karnataka. viz .• 136. DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES IN DIFFERENT USES AMONG RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

IOOr------~ 100

90r------1~ 0

80

70

60 -0 w 60 /'T; ~ :::tI "'( CI ~, ", ~ SO~rA_~U~~Wk~ 50 2: I.IJ -i '\.) ):0 0:: llJ' 40 t-v.I~A_--IWIJ.~1'll 40 ", eo. "

30

26

10

w w VI QV> Oe> u 0 z~ zz z ~ w « <4i: W W ;J: ." In VI...J c:l 0 « c.."- "'W ...J ~ I-J: Vi III VI w 0( C) a: o I.!) Zl- w w w I.) w< V> p! II: !: Z :Z:Z V> 1:'-' ::> z ~ "'- ""0 0 • '" 0( i= < 1-1- 1: :r: I: « 0 0« ~~o(_ w :r ;:) w Vl ::l a: w Z w"" I-z IJ II. U U « C) VI « E: « a I J: z ::l I- ~::> ...J t:I.. Il..• W i=!:t D.. W 0 0 ~ w 0 a 0 J: 0 z:t :E J: :r vi :::> J: ~ ..... 0 VI II) VI ~ ... III V> VI u.V !-' U w »l W .: ~ X .,.: vi 0 < w Z :x: 0 VI ;;; 0 l- w t- lit z ~ vi G- ::l ~ o( I- ...J Cl ox: w 0 ~ < X w ::l ~ I- l- 0( 0 ... ii: I- Z X VI < w U ~ ox: < U > ~

31 III -so

, '\ .....,t'"'I_ -""""- ZZ- MNN Mrt"l,-tt\~ ..... -

\ ",I i

-.... -N

-< is ....z I~ I CHAPTER 3 DISABLED POPULATION

GeaeraI sr. Year Q 1 ;slioD Question asked The problem of the physically disabled is of great No. No. in th~ significance from. the social, psycholo)rical and, econo­ C.nsus mic points of view. Not in the distant past, the Schedule view'prevailed that the physically deformrd like deaf, dumb etc.. cast a burden on the society. This view 2 4 is totally relegated now and vigoYous efforts are under way to rehabilitate the handicapped persons. Apart 2. 1881 12 (I) Unsound mind; (2) Deaf-mutes from the human and psychological aspects vf the prob­ from birth; (3) Blind; (4) Lepers. lem, the realisation that the handicapped can also 3. 1891 14 If any person is insane, deaf-mute from play a useful role in society is fast gaining ground. birth, totally blind or II leper. From Ihe economic angle too, it is perhaps wiser to 4. 1901 16 Insane, deaf-mute from birth, totally educate the handicapped, train them and put them blipd or leper. on to gainful employment to the extent feasible. This S_ 1911 16 If the person is insa.~ or totally blind or suffering' from corrosive; leprosy or will give them a sense of confidence besides enabling both deaf ~nd dumb from birth. them to lead a more independent life with a better 6 1921 .16 Insane, totkUy blind, leper' or deaf- standard of living. To focus attention on the prob­ mute. lems of such persons and to formulate vigorous mea­ t )J I 1S 11l~ane. totally blind, leper or deaf- sure~ for their rehabilitation, the year ]981 was ob­ mute. " served allover the world as the Inte-natiOllal Year of the Physically Handicappoo. The starting of a It may be seen that deaf and dumb have been number of institutions for the medical treatment and co,-::ercd in all the censuses upio 1931 either se-parately education of the disabled and the provision of in­ or tngethcr as deaf-mutes. In 1881, 1891, 1901 and creased opportunities fOT employment in both Govern­ 1})11 censlJses. the qucstion whether a person is mental and other establishments through res~rvatjons a (kaf-mute from birth was included. Blindness has made in this period have indeed gone a long way to also been cove' ed but no data on orthopaedically ameliorate the living conditions of the disabled. Much handicapped were gathered. still remains to be done as the number of disabled needing rehabitation is quite Jarge. The Census Superintendent of ]921, Mr. Boag had observed thus in his report: "Apart from the unin~ ThHa on disablfJd ooIIeded in th~ past censuses h:ntional errors of commission and omission, the very The paucity of reliable data has always been a nature of the question and of the agency t:mployed to stumbliog block in formulating policies and in achiev­ make these enqui-ies precludes any hope of complete ing a greater thrust in the field of rehabilitation of or reliable statistics", The Census Commissioner of the handicapped. Information on 'infirmity' had 1931 also opined that "grave qualifications must be been collected in every census f-om 1872 to 1931. The altaclled to even the bare record of infirmity secured reliability of the data on the various infirmities through a census enumeration." The Census data was collected ill the census had been a matter of comment considered mostly as an approximation. by the past Census Superintendents. As a conse­ quence. the question on disabled was discontinued Ques·lion on disabled m19t1l from 1941 cenrus. In the 1981 census, the informa­ In pursuance of demands f'om data users and to tion on physically handicapped persons-totally blind, help organisations connected with the fe-habilitation of crippled and dumb-was again sought to be obtained the handicapped, it was decided to collect data in 1981 from "every household throu~h the Houselist Schedule. at the housc:listing stage; instead of during regular enu­ which was canvassed during July-August 1980. The meration of individuals. The data so collected questions on infirmities asked in the t'ensuses in Tamil during the Honselisting operations was about the Nadu during 1872 to 1931 are given below for infor­ total numbe: of the disabled in every h\1usehold. mation. No attempt was made. to find out the name, sex or Gther individual particula-s of the persons conce-med. SI. Year Question Question asked De.ta were- collected on the number of (i) totally blind; No- No_in the (ii) totally QriopJed and (iii) totally dumb in every c~us family. With a view to avoid any SUbjectivity in Schedule deciding on deformity on the part of lhousands of census enumerators which may result in the data not 2 3 4 portraying, the cor-ecl situation, information was I. 1872 17 Remarks, showing number of males collected dn total1v blind, totally criDpled and totally a1ld female. blind, deaf', dumb, insano, dumb. This fac;litated the enumerating staff in idlOl8 or i_pm. deter­ mining the disabllity with ease,

32 33

De~riptioD of Disa biJiti('S Table· giving data on 'disabled' Total blindnqs, for example, could not mt:an an~. Bas~d on the data collected in Houselisting, a table thing else save 'blindness of both the eyes, .111 toto. on disabled has been compiled manually after scru­ An ordinary man could read only one meanmg from tiny of the sch~dulcs. Table H-2 giving data on.the this phrase and there cannot l1e ~ny room for ambr· t.hree categories of disabled for the State, districts. !luity regarding the degree of blltldness nor any e!'· !aluks, towns and urban agglomerations is given at perlise is required to determIne the degree of diS' (he end of this report. ability, on the spot Similarly, 'tot~lly c!u~b' repre· sents inability to speak at all and this l.s ~~!Iy rec~g. N~mber urdisabkd persons nisable. There 18 however some pOSSIbIlity of mls, I udgment in the case of 'totally crippled:' Clear in­ .According to an assessment made by the U. N. structions in this regard were therefore given to enu­ Rcftabilltation Chief (Mr. Kurt Janson) two dc~ades merators. and these arc :eproduced below. ago nearly one·eighth of the popUlation of every coun· try sulfe]' from a permanent or long term disability. "The term 'totally' crippled' refers, to such persons As per 1931 c~mu~, there were about a million handi. who have lost their arms or limbs. The loss of aims capped persons in India consisting of 600,000 blind, or legs or all the four 'limbs refcrs to .loss of both 231.000 deaf-mutes, 120.000 insane and 148,000 lepers. the arms or loss of both' the legs. It IS not neces.­ Information on orthopaedically handicapped was not sa'y that the disabled should have lost bot11~arms collected. In Tamil Nadu, the number of blind and and legs. The loss of eif".er. of these i.e... bot~ arms deaf·mutes in 1931 were 22.524 and 17.027 respec­ or hoth legs would be suffiCient for claSSification as tively. The figure is an adjusted one for the pre­ wtally crippled. Please Mle that loss of only {lne sent area of Tamil Nadu. arm' and lor one leg will ript . classify a person.. as totally crippled. The ,loss ~ere r~fer8 to the inability Physically disabled in India and Tamil Nadu , to use and not neeessaniv ,phvslcal abse'lce. Thus. ACcording to the data on disabled collected during a paralytic who has lost the use o( both the legs or 1981 CC;lSUS. the number of totally blind, crippled and both the arms, will .be totally crippled. though "tbe dumb ill Tndia is 1.12 million and this figure ex­ legs .o-f arms as such arc sti~1 physically present . cludes Assam where the census could not be held, due to disturbed conditions. The largest number There may be cases where indhdduals J?1ar.),e among them are the blind to the tune of 478,557 suffering from more than one of the ~ree dl~blbli~s while the crippled persons are 363,600 and the totally for which data aTC collected, The lllstrl,lctlons m Llumb, 276.691. In Tamil Nadu, the· total number this are: . reward of physically disabled is 87,431. Tile number of "In such cases (Le., persons with more thsn one totally blind persons is 29,215, while tot aIry crippled disability), the intentioh is to record persons by the and dumb are 30.088 and 28,128 respectivelx.· Of the 'blind' in the country, Tamil Nadu accounts for greater disability. For ex~mple, a ~rson may be both blind and dumb or bhnd and cnppled etc. In 6.1 0 per cent and thus ranks seventh in this respect. such cases the intention is to find out persons who The Stale in the country with the highest pr(Jportion of blind is Uttar Pradesli where 19.56% of the totally suffer fro~ the greater disability. It l1!ay .~e noted that blindness is considered a greater dISabIlity than blind in India arc found. Madhya Pradesh has the second highest percentage of I I.l7 of the country's either dumbness or being crippled. Si?\ilarly, being crippled is a greater disability than bemg dumb. In blind. while Rajasthan has 9.71 %. The rest of the States(Union Territories have comparatively fewer an extreme case where a person suffers fro~ aU. the number of blind. three disabIlities, please record him under l;h~d ~I~ce this is certajnly the most unfortunate dIsabIlIty, Cripplcd pc' sons who have lost both legs and/or Please take care to ensure that there is no double both arms number 30.088 in Tamil Nadu and form counting in such cases by including such persons for B.2R of such persons in the country. Largest pro­ each of these disabilities. In other words, the same % ponions of the crippled in India are in Uttar P."adesh rETson should be for t~e ~~lumns not counted each of (11.4(%}, Bihar (9.69%). Madhya Pradesh (9.4]%), even if he suffers from more than one dlsabIhty. A and West Bengal (9.39%). person may be blind or crippled due to old age. In also. he be included in the such cases' should Tt'levant Of the total of 276,691 individuals who are totally if he suffers from such a disability". column dumb in India, the largest number. viz., 37,671 fann­ ing are West Bengal. are in The enumerators were also asked to be careful 13.610/0 in while 11.05% Andhra Pradesh and 10.64% are in Uttar Pradesh. while eliciting particulars about the handicapped per­ The fourth largest number of dumb is in TamiLNadu ~ons. They were jDstnreted as follows: (28.128) alld (hey constitute 10.17% of dumb in the country. "This is a very s~sitive questio~. Y~u hav~ there­ fore to be very pohte and tactful ill asking thiS ques­ Extent of dablHl in the districts tiOil. You should not try to find out the names of the physically handicapped. Only the number of The distribution of the disabled varies among the persons who are 'totally blind' or 'totally dumb' or districts. Table 3~ 1 gives the exact number of the 'totally crippled' are to be detennined". totally blind. crippled and dumb as per the count in ~-~1 CensuslTN/84 1980. The district of South Areot has the largest TABLE 3-2 number of blind viz .• 3.179 among the districts. The Fereenlage distribution of the dtsabled of each category in second and third highest figure of blind persons are Tamil Nadu amODg tbe districts. noticed in Tirunelveli (2.868) and North .I\xcot (2,520) districts respectively. 'Crippled' persons are also Percentage distrioutioll Tolal of disabLed found to be larger in South Areot District. There Slale/District ----_____-_____ ._(a.11 the are 2,935 totally crippled individuals enumerated in three that district. The other districts with over 2,500 Totally Totally Totally catego- crippled persons are 'Thanjavur (2.866), firunelveli Blind Crippled Dumb ries) (2,789) and North Arcot (2,543). The totally 'dumb' 2 3 4 abound in large numbers in North Arcot (3,020). Their strength in Thanjavur (2,592) and South Areot (2,551) TAMIL NADU 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 districts is also sizeable. I. Madras . 4.04 6·25 4.14 4.83, 2. Chengalpallu 8.52 8.12 7.64 8.10 3. North Arcot 8.63 8,45 10.74 9.25 TABLE 3-1 4. South Arcol 12.93 9· 75 9.07 1060 S. Dharmapuri 4.42 4.04 4.55 4.33 Disabled by categories In Slate and dim-lets 6. Salem 5 74 642 6.57 6.24 7. Periyar 3.f.:l 3.17 3.91) 3.52 State/District TotallY Totally Totally 8. Coimbatore 4176 4.63 5 45 4.94 Blind Crippled Duml> 9. Nilgiri li07 1 ..18 1.49 ],24 10. Madurai . 8:25 71 81 8.46 8.16 2 3 4 1 [. Tiruchchirappalll T 47 7/.76 8 14 7.79 [2. Thanjavur 7i.85 9'.53 ,9.21 8~86 13. Pudukkottai 3.03 i.46 3 O() 2.82 TAMIL NADU STATE • 29,215 30,088 28,128 14. Ramanathapul'allI. 7.68 5.83 747 6.98 ').27 1. 1,179 1,879 1,166 15. 'firuilelveli . ·9.82 , 7.24 8.80 Madras ' 16 _ Kanniyakumari 2.3S 5.33 .2.84 3.54 2. Chengalpattu . 2,490 2,444 2;148 3. NorthAl'C()t J,520 2,543 3,020 Taking all the three types of the disabled together, 4. SOuth Arcot 3,779 2,935 J,SS[ we notIce that. nearly one :out of every tel\ disabled :5. Dhannapuri 1,291 1,214 1,280 persons of TanliI Nadu is in Soutb Areat ciistrict. The 6. Salem . 1,677 1,931 1,848 perceritage of - the disabled in this district is 10.60. 7. Periyar . 997 955 1,123 The other districts with sizable proportion of the 8. Coimbatore 1,39[ 1,394 1,532 handicapped are North Arcot (9.25%) and Thanjavur (8.86%). district of Nilgiri has the lowest 9. Nilgiti . 314 355 419 The hilly ratio of 1.24%. Pudukkottai district has also a very 1O. Madura i 2,410 2,349 2,379 low ratio of 2.82 per cent. 11. Tiruchchirappalli 2,182 2,334 2,291 12. ThlUljavur 2,292 2,866 2,592 Ratio of the disabled in tire three categories: 13. Pudukkottai . 884 741 843 Out of the total disabled in the State. crippled 14, Ramauathapuram 2,245 1,754 2,101 account for 34.41 per cent, the blind 33.42 per cent 1S. Tirune1veli 2,868 2,789 2,037 and the dumb 32.17%. Table 3-3 gives variations 16. Kanniyakumari 696 1,605 798 in this ratio at district level. TABLE 3-3 Percentage distributioll of the disabled by tile tbree categories. 'It is significant that the disabled are found more concentrated in a contiguous belt consisting of North Total Percentage distribution Arcot. South Areot and Thanjavur districts than in State/District disabled ------the other regions. The precise reasons for such con­ persons Totally Totally Totally centration, are however not known. The geo· blind cripplea dumb graphicaOy smaller districts of the _State, like Nilgiri. 3 Kanniyakumari and Pudukkottai have recorded fewer 2 4 number of disabled persons. Madras, llowever. is TAMIL NADU 37,431 33.42 34 41 3217 an exception in this regard since we find a compara· I. Madras . 4,224 27.')1 44·48 27.61 tively larger number of the disabled here. It is more 2. Chengalpattu 7,082 35·16 34.SI 30.33 probable that the widespread job opportunities for the 3. North Arcot R,OB3 31.18 31.46 37.36 handicapped afforded in Governmental and ('[her ser· 4. Sou't,lt Arcot 'i,265 40· 79 31.68 27.53 5. Dharmapuri 3,785 34.11 3-2.07 33.82 vices as also the availability of schools and other 6. salem . 5,456 30.74 35.39 33.87 institutions for education and vocational training have 7. Periyar , . 3,075 3242 31.06 36·52 attracted them here. Medical facilities available 8. Coimoo.tore 4,317 32.22 32.29 35.49 for treatment of the disabled in Madras could also be 19. Nilgiri 1,088 28.86 32.63 38.5] a contributing factor for the presence the larger num­ ,0. Madura.i . 7,138 33.76 32.91 33.33 of II. Tiruchchirapp~l1i 6,807 32.05 34.29 33.66 ber of such disabled population. 2, Thaujavur ' 7.750 29.57 36.98 33.45 13. Pudukkottai . 2,468 35.82 30.02 34.16 Table 1-2 shows the percentage distribution of the 1... Ramanathapuram 6,100 36·80 28.76 34.44 three categories of disabled in the State among the IS. Tirunelveli ,i . 7,694 37.28 36.25 26.47 rJiruicts. . 16. Kanniyakumari . 3.099 22.46 51.79 25.75. TAMIL NADU PROPORTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY THREE CATEG{NUES

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·~tlpOI\s.r..",:fI.l"IIpwitlitlw"_"_r7lMe~G.n';rndM. ·n.t!IIrr~"""_r:lI"'utt.n;lil'lb:l-t,-""" .. d___ r.l~~mil",,,...... ~the~b.wIn, ~t,ilityFartM~tI ...... dIt~_ PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTALLY BLIND IN TAMIL NADU AMONG THE DISTRICTS

, THE FIGURE SHOWN IN THE CENTRE. OF THE CIRCLE INDICATE THE TOTALLY BLIND POPULATION IN TAMIL NIjDU. PERCENT AGE DISTRIBUTION OF rOTALLY CRIPPLED IN TAMIL NADU AMONG THE DISTRICTS

THE FIGURE SHOWN IN THE CENTRE OF THE CIRCLE INDICATE THE TOTALLY CRIPPLED POPULATION IN TAMIL NADU, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTALLY DUMB IN TAMIL NADU AMONG THE DISTRICTS

THE FIGURE SHOWN IN THE CENTRE OF THE CIRCLE INDICATE THE TOT ALLY DUMB POPULATION IN TAMIL NADU. 35

Proportion (Jf disabled in the districts reveal thal Th~ highest ratio of the crippled in Madras and South Areot district has 40.79 per cent of its disabled Kanniyakumari districts is a notable feature. Simi· persons as blind. In the district of Tirunelveli too. larly, nearly two out of every five disabled in South the extent of blind among the disabled is very high Areot are blind and this ratio is highest so far as viz.. . 37.28 per cent whieh represents the second "blind' in the districts are concerned. highest. Blind among the disabled are in smallest proportion in Kanniyakumari district where only 22.46 per cent are. totally blind. Crippled represent over hal[ of .the 3.099 disabled persons in Kanniya­ Dis1lict-wise data on blind aDd deaf, 1901·031: kumari district (51.79 per <:ent). The extent of crippled is high in Madras city also where they form A eOll1pariso", of the data on blind and deaf-mute 44.48 pcr cent. In all the other districts except availabl~ for the censuses of 1901 to 1931 could be Ramanathapuram, crippled persons constifute 30 to made. \ Data on crippled have not been compiled in 40 per cent of their res~ective disabled popclation. the previous censuses and hence no comparable data In Ramanalhapuram district, the ratio of the totally are available for this category. Deaf-mute<; of the crippled is the lowest, viz., 28.76 per cent. Dumb per­ . past censuses refcrrcu. to persons who could not hear sons aTe in largest proportion in Nilgiri where they , and were deaf in both ears as well as dumb (due to constitute 38.51 per cent of the disabled. Lower deafness). The present data refer to totally deaf ratios of dumb among districts are observed in alone as data on dumb have not been gathered. Table Kannlyakumari (25.75%), Tirunelveli (26.47%), Madras 3·4 gives the details of blind and deaf·mutes for Tamil (27.61 %) and South Areat (27.53%). Nadu and the districts for 1901 to 1931.

TABLE 3-4 NUnlbei- of bU •• and deaf-motes in TIIlJIiI Nada, 1901 to 1931 I • •

St~te!District' 1901 1911 1921 1931 \ \ Blind DellI-mute Blind Deaf-mute Blind Dear-mute Blind Deaf-mute 2 4 5 6 7 8 9

TAMlL NADU IS,6® 12,933 17,311 17,358 19,677 14,953 22,524 17,0%7 1. Madras 334 202 231 271 322 281 386 381 2. Chengalpattu 743 946 945 1,341 1,262 1,117 1,185 1,053

3. North Areo! 1,302. I 1,121 l,8!i8 1,734 2,535 2,273 2,335 1,474 4. South Areot 1,801· 1,614 1,862 1,994 2,152 913 2,679 ,.1,854 5. Dharmapuri 53~ 499 473 501 543 559 575 459 6. Salem 997 926 877 930 1,008 1,036 1,067 8S~ 7. Periyar 622- 543 625 689 755 689 638 S49 8. CoimbaiGrt: 892 779 89.5 ~88 1,083 988 914 788 9'. N.ilgiri. 50 60 63 83 85 73 53 ~I 10. Madurai 1,501 1,022 1,844 1,496 2,051 1,514 2,537 1,761 11. 'riruchehirappalli 1,626 1,292 1,423 1,701 1,663 1,682 1,942 1,673 12. 'rllamavur 1,17:> 1,555 1,259' 1,850 1,228 838 1,772 1,878 13. Pudukkottai 430 393 396 501 443 415 544 498 14. Ramanathapuram 1,417 870 1,918 1,501 1,856 871 2,373 1,653 15. 'rirut\elveli 1,892 874 2,192 1,426 2,241 1,361 2,965 ,'1,667 16. Katmiyakumari . 291 242 350 352 450 343 559 424

*Figures adjusted f()r thl) pre!lent area ()f districts.

The increase in the number of blind in the State in the decade 1921-31, there was an increase of the was 10.90 per cent during 1901-1911, 13.67 per cent order of 13.87 per cent. The figure now collected during 19I1-21 and 14.47 per (;ent during 1921-3], on totally dumb (28,128) represent an increase of The present number of blind viz .. 29,215 r"presents 65.20 per cent in a time span of nearly five decades. an increase of 29.71 per cent over a period of nearly 50 years. In this period, the population of the State An ~eeount .of . ~e ~stribution of the bandkapped has more than doubled. . among the dlstncts 1D the past censuses is given ~~: . As regards deaf-mute, we find that the increase al State-level works to 34.16 per cent during 1901-11. BImeI and Deaf-mutes in Ihe distriets 1901-1931 In 1911-21, however, there was a decrease in the num­ In the case of blind persons. comparatively high ber of deaf·mutes to the tune of 13.86 per cent. Again. numbers were reported in the districts of Tirunell'.Cli. Sf)ll~ Art.;Ot and Tintchchtrappal(i during 1901. in ami hruchchlrappalli in 19QL In 1911, North Areot th~; 1911 ·~nsus, blind pe(sons .were high ill five dis· t{){}, in addition to the above three. had more of deaf, tricts, .vil:.,Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram. Noth Ar

TABLE 3-5

Percentage distribution of the disabled in the rural and urball areas or Tamil Nadu among the districts

Percentage distributi{)o of the disablee in the State --~---- State/District Totally Blind Totally Crippled Totally Dumb - ---~------.------' ------Rural Urban Rural Urhatl Rural Urban

2 3 4 5 .6 1

TAMILNADU 100.00 10(}.00 100.00 100.00 100·00 100-00

1. Madras Hi. 58 23.,15 19.()7 2. ChengalpattiJ. 9·32 6.05 8.43 7·30 7.79 7.10 f 3. North Arcot 9.3() 6';52 9.41 5.87 12.04 6.05 4. South Areot 15.51 4.94 Ii. 9J J.92 10.44 4,12 5. Dharmapuri 5.52 1.00 $.05 1 2lJ. 5.47 1.24 6. Salcm 6,18 4.36 6.71 5.63 6.77 5. !!4 7. Periyar 3. ?C! 2.53 .3.28 2·87 4.31 2.S5 8. Coimbatore 4.34 6.06 3.41 7.94- 4.44 9.06 '): Nilgiri 0.62 2.50 0.95 1. SO . 1.25 2.37

10. Madurai. 7. 'J9 ~.O6 8.04 7.18 S.64 ?S() 11. Tinrchchirappalli 7.54 . 7.26 8.20 6.56 8.70 (..13 12, ThanjavlIr 8-42 6.07 10.54 6.78 9.46 &.34

13. Pudu'kkottai 3.53 1. 45 3.00 I.Oc! 3.38 1. 62

14-. Ramanathapuram 7.66 7.7S 6.24 4·72 7.23 8.34

IS. Tirunelveli 7,85 15.93 8.57 11.16 6.86 8.60

16. ~antl[yakumari 2.5Z 1.94 6.Z6 2.83 3.22 1.47

Rural-Urban differentials: trkt's disabled are in urban areas. Apart from Dharmapuri and South Arrot. the other districts A little over 75 pcr cent of the disabJed are found wHere over SO% of the disabled are in rural areas are to be living in the rural areas of the State. In tbe North Area!, Periyar, Thanjavnr, Pudukkottai and district of Dharmapuri, which has fewer Ul ban areas, Kanniyakumari. The districts w h.ere the ratio of 93.34 per cent of the disabled live in rural areas. In handicappoo in rural areas is noticed to bc lower South Areot district, whlch has returned the largest number of physically disabled persons for any dis­ than the State average of 75.59 per cent arc Nilgiri trict in Tamil Nadu, nine out of every teft disabled (56.89%),' CoimbMore (62,27%) and Iirunelvcli dwell 1n ntral areas. Only 9,94 per cent of the dis- t66.66 %). 37

lAB]"F. 3-u

Rur~l-l)rball dilllributiOD of the dil!llulul ill di,tricl~

Disabled perSOll> Percentage distribution State/District \ all three categories)

--'--.-----~----~--~------~-.----.~-~------Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2 4 6 7 TAMIL NADU 117,4:\1 66,090 11,341 100.00 75,59 2.4.41 I. Madras 4,224 4,Z24 100.00 100.00 :1. Chengalpattu 7,082 5,626 1,456 100.00 79·44 2(}.56 J. North Arco! 8,083 6,773 , 1,·310 100.00 83· 79 16.21 4. South Areol \1,265 8.344 \ '121 100.00 90,06 9,94 5. Dharma?uri 3,785 3,533 " 252 100.00 93·34 6.66 O. Salem 5,456 4,332 1,124 100.00 7~.40 20.60 7. Peciyar 3.075 2,488 587 100.00 80.91 19.09 S. Coimbatore 4,317 2,688 1.629 100.00 02.27 37.73 9. N;lglri 1,088' 619 469 100,00 56,89 43, Il 10. Madurai 7,138 5,434 1,704 100,00 76.13 23,87 I!. Tirucbchirappalli ,6,807 5,384 1,42> 100.00 79.10 20·90 12, Tha.ujavur .7,750 6,258 1,492 100.00 &0,75 19·25 13. Pudukkottai 2,468 2,185 283 100.00 88.53 11.47 14. Rama.nathapuram 6,100 4,656 1,444- 100.00 76.33 23·67 15. TirunelveJi 7,694 5,129 2,565 100.00 66.66 33,34 16. Kan~iyakumari 3,099 2.641 458 100,00 85.22 \ 14.78

In regard to urban areas, the Ipwest . ratio (6,66%)' In Lhe case ()f crippled, 73,03 per cent an~ in the rural cit disabl",d. persons is in DhalmapuTi district. South areas and among the dumb, 78.26 per cent are in rural Arm! also. bas a lower urban percentage {994 per areas, District:wise percentage distribution in each ,cnt). Leaving Madras which is urban. in entirety. disahled category between the rural and urban areas th.e other districts with sizable raUl) .of .the di~abled lS presented in Table 3-7, in urban are Nilgiri (43.11%), Coimbatqrc_ (31.73%) and Tirunelveli (33.34'%). All the other districts have , Among the blind persons, we find that the propor­ below the Slate-level percentage of 24.41 ';, of disabled Iwn of rural inhabitants is the highest in the district of In urban weas. Dhatmapuri (94.50 i[lef cent). The other distric(S with a high .proportion of 1J.lind in rural areas are South Aroot (90.71 per cent) and Pudukkottai (88.35 per Rural-Urban distribution ot each disabled tategocy cen9· The ?1str!cts showing hi~her percentage distIl­ b1;lt1on of .blmd ill urban are Nilgiri (56.69 per cent), At the State level, we notice that an overwhelming TJrunelveh (39.50 per cent) and Coimbatore (30.98 maiority of the disabled are in the rural areas. This per cent). In the case of Madras. however, the entire 's [rue in each cal~gory of the disabled as well. In res· blind population is urban as tbe city itself is coter­ pect of totally blind, 75.66 p~r :.:ent dwell in rural areas. minous with Madras district. TABLE 3-7

Rural-Urban di;tribution of each disabloo category in Stat~ and districts

Percentage distribution in rural-urban areas State/District Totally Blind Totally Crippled Totally Dumb Rural Urban' Rural UI'b"n . Rural Urban 2 4 6

TAMIL NADU 75.66 24,34 73.Bl U.97 78.26 21.74 1. Madras 100,00 100.00 100.00 2. Chengalpattu 82.73 \7,27 75.78 24.22 79·80 20.20 3. North Areal 81.59 18.41 81. 28 18,72 87.75 12.25 4. South ArcQI 9071 9·29 S9.17 10.S3 YO·l2 9:88 5, Dharrnapuri 94.50 5.50 91.35 8.65 94.06 5.94 6. Salem ~].Sl 18.49 '16,33 23.m 80,68 19.32 TAULE 3-7 (Conld.) Rural-Urban clistrlbution of each dillllbled ealllgory In State and dlstriets

Percentage distribution in rural-urban areas Totally Blind Totally Crippled Totally Dumb -"------Rural Urba11 Rural U.ban Rural Urban

2 3 4 I} 7

81.95 18.05 75.60 24.40 84.51 15,49 7. Periyar . 69.02 30.98 53.80 46.20 63.84 36.16 8. Coimbatore 43.31 56.69 58,87 4[, J3 65,39 34,61 9. Nilgiri 73.28 26·72 75.18 24.82 79.95 20.05 10. Madurai. . 76.35 23.65 77.21 22.79 83.63 16.37 : 11. TiruchchirappaUi 81.15 18.85 80.81 19.19 80.32 19·68 ' 12. Thanjavur . 88.35 89.07 88.26 11.74 13. Pudukkottal 11·65 10·93 ram 75.46 24.54 78.16 21.84 75·73 24·27 14, Ramanathapu 60.5() 39.50 67·52 32.48 74.18 25·82 15, Tirunelveli 19.83 88.72 11.28 16, K:auniyakumari 80 J7 85.67 14· 33

Among crippled too, the districts of Dharmapuri, T.he ratio of bandic.a.p.ped per lakh of population i~ South Arrot and Pudukkottai reveal very high per­ hIgher at 182.3 in Tamil Nadu than. tllat in India: centages in rural areas while Coimbatore, Nilgiri and llbb.O). Both in rural and utba.n areas at.!), ttle rali~ Tirunelveli districts have better percentages III urban is more in the state when compared to the countrr as a whole. It may he seen thatl while the ratia of; areas. blind ta tbe population is less in Tamil Nadu as In the case of dumb, .the three districts with grea­ compared to the couIlltry as a' w)1ole, the ratios of\ ter proportion in rural areas are Dharmapuri, South CrIppled and dumb are more in Tamil Nadu than in Arcot and Kanniyakumari. Those ~it~. better ~r­ India. In all the three types of disabilities, the urban centages in urban are COlmbatore, Nilgin and Tlru- ratios are higher in Tamil Nadu than in India. It nelveli. is significant to note that while the ratio of disabled At the all-India lewl, or the total 01 478,657 1>lind / in, rura.llj_s more i;n India. than TB.!Dil Nadu as regards blmd. It IS more ill Tamil Nadu m the case of cripp­ persons, 424,307 i.e., 88.65 p~r cent are found in led and dumb than in India. The ratio of the dis­ rural areas. In the case of cfJppled and dumb too, iibled population is less in the urban areas when com­ the rural proportions afe respectively 83.78 per cent pared with rural areas and thjs is so both in Tamil and 86,90 per cent. Nadu as well as India. InditeS of disabilify with refereou' to estimated popu­ lation Disability-causes As the disahled data were collected in 1980, a COlll­ The incidence of blindness is generally higher in parison of these data with the estimated population the ~~ral areas' . Apart from the general standards of as on 1st July 1980 would be more meaningful. Tlle nutntlon, samtatlOn, personal hygiene and cleanliness following are indices based on the estima ted popula- whICh are all known to be at a low level in the rural areas as compared to urban areas, the medical and tion. health facilities are also generally not sufficient in TABLE 3 8 the rural areas. Neglect of children at younger ages and lack of par~ntal care are alsl} prevalent-in rural Radio of disabled of each category per lakh of pUjlllla(,u[J, Illdia areas, People m the flIral areas are also tradition­ and Tamil Nadu bound aru:l superstiti?us-r~dden in regard to the cura­ Ratio of the disableil per t!ve aspects of certam dlseases. This, coupled with [r,dia/Tamil Nadu TOlal Ralio la kh of jJ(Jpulatioll !lliteracy, which is wide!y prevalent in villages, gl} to RW'al of total .------lllcreasc the number 'blrth and the seriousness is . aggravated by lack nf 71.0 53.9 41. I [ndia total 166.0 ~ttention as also living undt:r unhygienic surround­ Rural 187.5 82.1 58 9 46.5 mgs. 34.6 37.) 23.1 Urban 95.2 . Accordiug to a sam~le survey .on physically handi· 62 7 5~. 7 capped conducted dunng 1961 III Madras city and ramil Nadu Total 182.3 60·9 Rural 204.8 68.5 68, J 68,2 neighbouthood areas, 36,8 per cent of the handicapp· ed among males and 48.3 per cellt among females"are urban 136.J 4~.3 5J.& ~9,O causecl by nafural factors (which include congenital l: ::J'" = 0.,_ tn ~ a:L..U :<.... 0 ....0 I.!)tn LJ.IZ ~Q U!;( ~ >IXcaW :IE ZO a 0-1 ...... c -t!) "- .g t-l!) :;c v E :S< "E =>z ....>- 0 0.< "J. 1": 0t:Q .... <: a..0!; ~ co Q:::I .. LU ...... IV) <-caw ~~ VI t- « esu ::) u.. - Ot/) a Zt/) ~ \. 05 '" j::U ~ => _, tx:I ;: ex /? I- VI Q m

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39 and old age cases}. Sickness, which term includes dumb. In J4 out ill the 21 cities, we find that the reasons like small pox, infantile paralysis and fever, crippled are more. It is probable that the feature ' accounts for 25.5 per cent of the haJldlcapped males is due to the larger extent of rehabilitation of such and 21.8 -per cent of the handicapped females. Acci­ cdppled persons in these cities. Blind persons are tlcnts resulting in disability account foor 10.6 per cen t more than the other two disabilities in the five cities iln10ng. males and 4.6 per cent among females. While of Vellore, Cuddalore, Madurai, Tiruchchirappalli and ,j good proportion of the Jiandicapped due to natu­ Rajapalaiyam. Only in two cities viz., Valparai and ral causes has limited scope for check or control Thanjavur we observe that the dumb persons demi- except through l>iological research, the State can in­ 113te the other twe' categories. tensify efforts in the case of some of. the disabling ailments like small pox, infantile paralysis, paralysis Besides Madras city where there are 1,179 blind etc, the control of which is possible by fllrther im­ persons, the other cities with a sizable number of provements in the medical and public health sphere, blind are M~durai (288) and Tiruchchirappalli (255). by resorting to stricter inoculation, vaccination etc. CriDpled are in substantial numbers in Madras (1.&79), and by providing better medical facilities, especially Coimbatore (:J25}, Tiruchchirappalli (233) and Madu­ in rural areas. rai (216). Dumb persons are larger in the cities of Madras (1.166), OJimbatore (2D8) and Thanjavur Disabled in cities (J63). Data for urban agglomerations are also pre­ It is interesting to examine the number of the sellted in Table H·2 and this will enable readers to disabled in big cities. It is welI known that the cities have a clearer pictuTtl of the distribution of the d is­ have !tood facilities for medical treatment of the dis· abled in urban complexes, which include the conti­ allIed besides having scone for education. emnlov­ guous urban outgrowths of core cities/towns. ment. etc. Consequently. there is a jleneral tendency nn the uart of the dis~bled to mi~rate:. to such places. [imitations: The possibilitv of non-reportino: by some Dati\ on the disabled in re~rd to cities of over a households about the disabled. particularly women lakh of population are 'given in the f\)lloWing state­ and children dne to various social and versonal reasons ment. cannot be totally ruled out. The enumerators were no doubt well trained and were instructed to f!et TABLE 3-9 these

City -----~---~-. dentblitv of the infonnation co11ected. But, the dim­ Total Tf)taUy TotaUv TGtaUy entty in an enquiry of this kind is that the enumera­ diqabled blind crippled dumb tors cOlI)d not put prObing questions to get informa­ 2 3 4 5 tion reQ'ardiul! tbe b!lnrlicanood. which mil!ht have 1. Madras 4,224 1,179 1,879 1,166 caused certain unitention>ll omissions in the coverarre. 2. Avadi 136 28 65 43 But at the slime time it hilS to r.e "orne i., mind that' 3. Tiruvoltiyur 111 33 54 24 havincr re!!ard to the various socia-economic sm'l1lort 4. Ambattur . qg 29 48 21 prnvirleo hv fhp, (fovM11ment and other public institu­ 5. K~nchiJ)uram 104 33 49 22 tions to the rlisabJed. in recent times,. the omissions G. Veil ore 263 119 96 48 7. Cuddalorc . 166 88 51 27 could have been very minima1 only. 8. Salem 270 81 106 83 9. Erode 15Z 37 71 44 The data on disahled. have been gathered under 10. TirunnUl' 152 40 59 53 the best oossible field conditions. but the three cAte­ 1\. Coimbatorl! 6&7 154- 325 208 12. V'd"'arai 96 14 30 52 Q'ories. cannot be compartmentalised. An individual n. Din3l1i, Tuticorin, Thanjavur, Nagercoil, Salem Houseless population generally live in roadsides, pave­ and Vellore. ments, hume p1tJes. under staircases or in onen tem­ There are subtle variations in the distribution of ple mandaps. platfonns and the like. It is well known . the three catej!ories of the disabled among the cities, that a Il:OOO nllmber of the disahled are bel!!!ars, However, we find that in many cities, the crippled lepers or blind without houseR. They mostly live ill. are more than the other two types viz., blind and the platforms or bus shelters, railway stati()ns etc. CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION

As earlier indicated. in view of the Iiwited que,­ dwelling. 'Shop-cllm-rcsidmce'. the ratio of houses tions included in the Houseli~t Schedules of 1981 per lOoo of all houses is 9 in 1980 as against 8 in 1970. Census. the scope of the housin~ data collected at There are 109.860 houses used as sholl-cwn-residence this stage is rather restricted. The scope of this in the State and the increa$c in such houses during volume is also confined to a review on the 'usage of 1970-80 is 45.90 per cent. There is another mixed. :ensus houses' and the 'disabled persons'. A variety dwelling category, viz.. 'Workshop-cum·residence', in of other data pertaining to households have been which the ratio has shot up now to 33 from 17 per gathered through. the Household Schedule during the 1000 houses in 1970. Since 'Workshop' here includes main [98 [ census enumeration and these are now l>TIner 'household industry' also, this increase in ratio can :ictailed processing. A number of tables covering be taken to signify notable development in regard to several aspects, like construction material of wall. manufacturing activity in the State. There are now . roof and :floor, facilities available in the holtseholds 398,785 houses in the State used as Workshop-cum· like drinking water supply, electricity and toilet resilience including housrho1d ind~try. Compared number of living moms, number of. married couples. to the ligure umh::r such use a decade ago, this num. - etc., will be presented ill another 1981 census publi­ ber re]1f

prise list was part of the Economic Census conducte~ Use of Censu~ houses as 'shops.' has also recorded I by the Central Statistical Organisation and the proce~. a high increase. From 199,315 in 19701 such houses sing of thco Enterprise List schedules and the publica. have gone up to 293,560 in 1980 and this represents tion of the results are dO'ne separately by the Stati~· an increase of 47.28 per cent. Madras City, being tics Department. . the; biggest urban centre and the capital of the State, has the largest number of houses in this State as Tables H·t and H·2 giving data processed out of 'shops' and it is by Madurai, Thanjavuf the presented at the end of followed Houselist schedules arc and Tirunelveli districts. this report. It is recalled that Table H-1 is an esti. mated table based on a 20 per cent sample of the cen­ Anotber important use of census house, viz .• 'fac­ sus hous~s. mechanically processed, and Table H-2 is tories, workshops and worksheds' has revealed a manually tabulated on a cent per cent processing (If substantial increase during the last decade. There the schedules. are 198,535 houses now under the usage 'jactmit:s, workshops and in the State and de­ The salient features are brie:fly recapitalated here. worksheds' the qtdal increase in such houses during 197D-80 is 78.85 .The total nuubcr of Census houses in Tamil Nadu per cent. The ratio of houses to all houses (put to all us.'s and including vacant h{)uses) has in­ these :reased from ').56 million in 1970 to 12.04 million in has also increased from 12 in 197Q to 17 in 1980. The 1980 and this reprcsents an increase of 25.87 per cent districts with a higher ratio in such usage of houses arc Madras, Salem, Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram The increase In houses in rural and urban areas in th~ and Kanniyakumari. decade works to 21.08 per cent nnd 37.93 per cent re~· peetlvely. Of every 1000 houses, 64 arc vacant. Th,' Ih~ Census houses used as 'places of entertain­ mtio of vacant houses during 1970 was 70. The grow· ment and community gathering' and 'other uses' have ing demand for houses, both for residential and other also increased in good proportion during the last purposes, could be the reason for this decline in the decade. The ratio of these two categories of houses ratio of vacunt llOuses. Among the districts, the to 1,000 of all houses is however only '2' in the case ratio of vacant houses is f{)ltnd to be higber in Nil· of 'places of entertainment and commnnity gatherin~' giri (112 per tODD), Tirunelveli (93) and Pudukkottai and it is 59 in the case of 'other' uses. " {83) than in other districts. The least vacancy ratio is naturally in Madras (28) and the second lowest At the all-India Jevel, the ratio of vacant houses vacancy is recorded in Thanjavur (48) district. is 53 and this is lower than that in Tamil Nadu (64). Among the southern States, Kerala has registered the Usage of Ceusus Honse; highest vacancy n~tio. viz" 70. The ratio of houses The ratio of houses used for 'residence' alone ill used as 'residence' alone is 7ID in India and 770 in the State has been declining over the decades. It Tamil N;tdu, Compared to Tamil Nadu, the ratio of was 84l in 1960. 809 in 1970 and now in 1980 it houses used as 'residence' is lower in the other neigh. has fltften further to 770. In the case of the mixed bouring States of the south, viz., Andhra Pradesh,

40 41

Karnataka and Kerala. The preference for using In Tamil Nadu, the largest number among the houses purely as residence (withlJUt combination with . blind and crippled is in South Arcot district-3,779 oth!;[ activities, uses, etc.) is obvious[y more in Tamil totally blind iind 2.935 totally crippled. North Arcot Nadu. The ratio under the usage 'workshop-cilm­ district has the largest nLLmber of 'dumb' (3,020). residence' is also significantly high in Tamil Nadu N~arly one·tenth of the Stale's disabled (10.60 per (viz., 33 per 1.000 houses) when compared to the cent) are in South Arcot district. North Areot and whole country (20 per 1000 houses). The ratio under Thanjavur districts rank second and third with this category is quite low in many States including 9.25 'l!, anrl 8.86~~ respectively of the total disabled big States like Bihar (12), Maharashtra (20), Rajas­ of Tamil Nadu. Cunsidning the disabled popula­ than (19), Uttar Pradesh (11) and West Bengal (20). tion of each district. a high proportion of blind (viz., In lhe neighbouring 'Karnataka' State, we however 40.79 pel' cent) is noticed in SOlIth Areot District. find a high ratio of 35 per 1000. The ratio in Madhya The extent oJ crippled among the disabled is signi­ Pradesh is also 32. Houses used as shops form 24 ficantly high in Kanniyakumari (5l. 79 per cent) and per 1000 of all hOllses in the State as against 25 in Madras (44.48 per cent) districts than in other dis­ all India. The ratio of houses u~ell a~ 'business tricts. Dumb Iorm a high proportion among tbe dis­ houses and offices' is the same both in Tamil Nadu and abled of Nilgiri dislrict (38.51 per cent). Tndia (viz .. 5 per 1000 houses). Houses used as 'factories, workshops and worksheds' have a slight!y higher ratio of 17 in Tamil Nadu as against 15 m it is observed that the incidence of the disabled India. Houses under 'other' uses form 146 pcr 1000 is high in the region of South Areot, North Areot in India and only 59 in Tamil Nadu. The ratio of and Thanjavuf districts. It is difficult to explain such houses under 'other' use is high in many big this phenolm~na in the light of the present enquiry Stales also: Andhra Pradesh (IHJ), Bihar (119). Kar­ and it would be absolutrIy nec~ssary to have a dee­ nataka (136). Madhya Pradesh (141). Maharashtra per ]'Irobe on this by a team of medical experts on the (121), Rajasthan (132). Uttar Pradesh (224) and West basis· of which necessary· corrective measures could "Bengal (123). The 'other' uses inr;lude census houses be initiated. used ~s educational institutions. ]\ospitals and dis­ pensanes, pump houses. garages, cattle sheds etc. Nearly three-fourths of the disabled are in the Disabled persons rural areas 0[' the State and only one-fourth are in cities and towns. Considering the cities, we find The three categories of clisabled vil .. totally blind. that Madras city has the largest number of disabled. totally crippled and totally dumb were covered and viz .. 4,224 in all the three categories. The ot{ler cities the number of persons in households in each of these with comparatively higher disabled persons are Coirn­ three categories was cQllected. There are 112 mil­ batore, Madurai, Tiruchchirappalli, Tutieorin, Th;;tnja. lion persons who are disabled in India and the num­ VUL Salem and Vellure, In a~ many as 14 out of the ber in Tamil Nadu is 87.431. Tamil Nadu accounts 21 cities in the State. the crippled are more in nUM­ for 6.10 per cent of the totally blind people, &.28 per bers than the other two disabled categories of blind cent of the totally crippled and JO.17 per cent of Lhe and dumb. This might probably be due to Jarger ex­ lotally dumb in India. The largest State of Uttar tent of rehabilitation of such crippled persons in Pradesh has nearly a fifth of the 'blind' in India. these urban centres. Among the crippled too, Uttar Pradesh. has the high­ ~st percentage of lIAl of crippled in India, Of the dumb in India, the largest percentage \13.61 per cent) Although there ar~ a few limitations in the data is ncticed in West BengaL like cases of non-reporting, cluhbing of two or more disabilities under one category only, non-inclusion Out of e.very lakh of population, 166 in India are of houscless and the coverage of fully disabled only, disabled-7I blind. 54 crippled and 41 dumb, In yet the data on disabilIty will be found very useful Tamil Nadu. the ratio of all the thrc<,; disabled cate­ in planning for the rehabilitation of disabled and for gories is 182 per lakh of population. Of this. 61 are initiating more intensive measures Lo prevent further blind, 63 arc crippled and 58 arc dumb. addition to their numbers.

7-1 CensUi/TN/84

TABLE H-l: CENSUS HOUSES AND THE USES TO "'HleH THEY ARE PUT i

43 44

TABLE H-l:CEN8US HOUSES AND

Occupiod CenSliJ

------~ Rllsidence Shop-cum- Workshop Hotels, re~idel1c.! cum·Resi- Sarais, State/District/City Total/ Total Census dence Dharama- RUIal/ number houses including shaias, Urban of census vacant h(]useh{)ld Tourist hous~ at the industry Homesund time of inspection house- Houses listing;

2 4 5 6

TAMlL NADU Total 12,037,240 768,635 9,272,580 109,860 398,785 9,7.60 Rural 8,2.93,880 564,380 6,476,425 67,720 235,380 4,455 Urban 3,743,360 104,255 2,796;155 42,140 163,405 4,805 Madras Urban AgglomcJati{)n*1 Plea se see at the Erode Urban Agglomeration@ J 1. Madras District rotal 713,165 19,815 59b,230 8,340 5,330 800 Urban 713,165 19,815 596,230 '8,340 5,330 800

2. Chengalpatlu District Total 832,505 42,375 658,560 8,050 26,P45 585 Ruml 523,725 26,365 417,760 5,165 14,550 300 Urban 308,780 16,010 240,800 2,885 11,795 285

Kanchipural1l Urban Agglomeration Urban 29,175 1,000 17,62S 520 5)50 50

3. North Arco! Di,tric\ 'fotal I,OOO,Y90 56,100 749,205 10,775 40,44$ (,05 Rural 799,475 45.t>95 613;960 8,325 26,54\5 285 Urban 20],515 , ] 1,005 135,245 2,450 J3,900 320

Vellore Urban Agglomeration Urban 44,495 2,250 31,155 475 1,145 140

4. South Areot District fotal 973,385 50,600 793,110 9,390 20,320 390 Rural 828,660 42,820 683,455 7,545 16,660 205 Urban 144,725 7,780 109,655 1,845 3,66() 185 CUddalore CiLy Ulban 26,615 1,415 19,825 435 800 20

5. Dharmapuri District Total 472.425 32,070 367,350 3,)70 5,910 265 Rural 426,815 28,755 335,080 2,670 4,715 195 Urban 45,610 3,315 32,270 500 J ,195 70

6- ::)aleJ11 DIstrict Total Y5L715 611,4'15 725,980 8,810 45,6J5 610 Ruml 699,1l5 52,345 552,020 4,460 22,045 385 Urban 252,600 16,150 173,960 4,350 23,570 225 S[J.[cm Urban Agglomcmtion Urban J22,770 7,125 85,405 2,395 13,030 115

7. Periyar District Total 570,015 41,240 440,245 6,235 28,480 260 Rural 450S15 35,205 352,205 3,965 24,205 110 Urban 119,440 6,035 88,040 2,270 4,275 150

8. Coimba\ore District Total 7&3,485 48,015 600,855 9,685 28,425 570 Rural 400,720 27,635 315,740 4,815 16.905 170 Urban 382,765 20,38U 294,115 4,870 11,520 400 Tiruppur Urban Agglomerajion Urban 56,580 [,985 40,455 1.020 4,025 20

Pollachi Urban Agglom,mLtioD Urban 28,375 1,285 21,500 430 745 20

CQimbatore Urban Agglomeration Urban 224,425 12,505 175,180 2,415 5,660 245 Valparai City Urna,n 28,905 1,750 23,520 220 100 60

9, Nilgil! District Total 161,975 1S,180 119,495 1,195 610 280 Rural 86,305 10,990 , 63,515 415 190 60 Urban 75,670 7,190 . 55,980 780 420 220 45

THE USES OL wmCH THEY ARE PNT

House~· used <1.8 --- ._------~ ------~-~--~~-----.....,------~------Shops ~usincss Factories, Restau- Places of Places Qf Othul1l Totall Slale/District/City excluc1i n5 bouse~ Work. ranIs entef- wor,hip Rurall eating amI Offices 'hops & 'weel- ta;nmcnl (Eg.) Urban houses Work- mea.t &commu- Temple, Sheds shops & nity Church, eating gathering M()squc, places (Pancha- Gutdwum yatghar) etc. excluding places of worship

~ 10 11 12 13 14 15 2

293,560 58,120 198,535 57,62() 22,915 137,080 710,290 Total TAMIL NADU 113,860 2-5,495 79,605 30,315 15,315 117,235 563,695 Rural 119,700 3"2,625 118,930 ::7,305 7,60~ 19,845 146,595 Urb"" Md of this table r Madras Urban Agglomeration' l Erode U !'ban Agglorneration@ 33,800 6,095 IS,Il90 3,965 1,130 1,815 17,755 Tl>tdl 1. Mauras DistT!ct 33,800 6,0)5 18,0',l0 3,965 ' 1,130 1,815 17,755 Urban

19,885 3,185 12,955 4,030 1,270 10,140 44,925 Total 2. CI~eng;lIpaltu Dis[rict 7,235 1,265 4,721l 1,780 635 8,335 35,615 Rural 12,650 1,920 8,2:1$ 2,250 635 2,005 9,310 Urball

\ 1,575 240 '1,140 200 100 260 1,1'15 Urban Kanchipuram Urban Agglomeration 22.720 4,000 16,210: 4,355 1,315 1\,065 84,195 Total 3, Norlh Arcot Dist

J6,()9S 3,405 9_730 3,780 1,020 10,515 55,030 Total 4. SOli th ArcQ t Di strict 8,4JO 1,995 5,410 2,475 165 9,815 49,085 Rural 7,665 1,410 4,320 1,305 255 700 5,945 Urban 1,425 275 865 240 65 14ll 1,110 Urban Cuddalore City

6,275 1,545 4,270 1,52-0 415 6,220 43,315 Total 5. Dharmapul j . .Di,tricl 3,770 1,060 2,545 1,010 350 5,905 40,760 Rural 2,505 585 1,725 510 f)5 315 2,555 Urban

14,530 4,090 18,950 2,855 1,220 11,445 49,Jl5 Total G, Sak:m Districl 5,510 2,160 8,005 1,410 795 10,120 39,860 Rural 9,020 1,930 10,945 1,445 425 1,325 9,255 Urban

4,235 845 4,165 530 160 520 4,245 Urbw Salem Urban Agglom~ratioll 11,135 2,345 9,545 1,630 bOO 6,935 1.1,365 Total 7. Pcriyar Distril:1 4,415 1.230 5,005 830 465 6,330 16,6W Rural 6,720 J ,115 4,540 800 135 605 4.755 Urban

17,985 '4,445 18,665 3,040 1,480 6,475 34,845 Total 8, Curmb"torc Dj~trict 3,485 1.110 4,605 770 460 4,855 • 20,170 Rural 14,500 3,335 14,060 2,270 1,020 1,620 14,675 Urban 2,250 51C) 3,495 390 105 210 2,115 Urban Tiruppur Urban Agglomeration

1,375 255 1,005 205 65 140 1,350 Urbar\ Pollachi Urban Agglomeration

8,295 J,955 7,940 1,250 690 850 7,440 Urban Coimba!ore Urb,n Agglomeration 550 210 265 140 85 210 1,795 Urban Valparai City

3,715 1,155 2,030 810 200 1,175 13,130 Total 9, Nilgiri Distri~~ 1.090 no 700 310 95 750 7,820 Rural 2,625 785 1.330 500 105 425 5,310 Urban 46

TABL~ H-l:CENSUS HOUSEs ANt) .

------. o.:cupied Census Residence ShGp-cum- Wmkshop Totall Tl>tal Hotels, Stato/District/City Cemus residence cum-Resi- Sarais, Rurall number houses dence Dharama- Urban of census vacant incl uding shalas,' houses at the houselwld Tourist time of industry Homes and house- luspection li;ting Houses

2 3 4 5 6 8

10. Madurai District. Total I,J29,495 72,905 890,715 11,235 23,055 1,110 Rural 747,835 52,280 600,130 7,510 10,280 Urban 38 1,660 20,625 565 290,585 3,725 12,775 545 Dindigul City . . . Urban 38,900 2,110 28,755 345 J,615 Madun.i UrDan Agglomeration 30 Urban 194,860 7,690 153,060 2,045 7,280 240 11. Tiruchchirappalli Dist:ict Total 957,660 67,720 736,355 7,195 25,955 765 Rural 723,920 53,740 560,880 4,730 17,610 465 Urban 233,740 13,980 175,475 2,465 8,i85 300 Tiruchchirappalli Urban Agglomeration Urban 141,420 7,045 109,495 1,490 5,400 190

12. Thanjavur District Total 1,017,240 48,825 800,275 8,230 19,330 1,010 Rural 800,935 36,520 643,410 5,480 11,190 650 Urban 216,305 12,305 156,865 2,750 8,140 360 Urban Kumbak()nam Urban Agglomeration 30,620 1,380 21,05Q 770 2,520 50

Thanjavur City Uroan 38,630 2,190 2Y,460 460 I,J60 70 13. Pudukkottai District Total 2Sb,l15 23,655 216,305 1,560 3,485 280 Rural 246,120 19,765 189,240 1.065 2,675 180 Urban 40,095 3,890 27,065 495 810 100 14. Ramanathapuram District Total 880,335 67,190 656,385 5,815 30,015 720 Rural 632,810 49,210 491,940 4,360 8,770 415 Urban 247,525 17,980 164,445 1,455 21,245 305 Karaikudi Urban Agglomeration Utban 26,435 2,255 19,190 155 760 45

RaJapalaiyam City Urban 29,350 1,590 20,540 125 1,745 20 15. Tirunelveli Di&trict Total 983,390 91,045 673,000 7,795 04,735 770 Rural 658,R 15 il6,055 456,610 5,450 51,005 385 Urban 324,575 24,990 216,390 2,345 33,730 385 Tuticorin Urban Agglomoration Urban 61,950 3,600 49,685 425 675 70

Tirunelveli Urban Agglomumtion Urban 77,410 3,780 51,735 670 9,845 135

16. Kanniyakumari District Total 323.245 20,405 239,515 2,380 10,730 240 Rural 268,055 17,600 200,480 1,765 7,975 85 Urban 55,190 2,805 39,035 615 2,755 155 Nagercoil City Urban 38,770 1,650 27,950 525 2,015 65

URBAN AGGLOMERATION EXTENDING

MADRAS URBAN AGGLOMERATION *Urban 933,825 31,695 778,2{)0 10,135 8,O:W 905 ERODE URBAN AGGLOMERATION@Urban 72,235 3,180 55,970, 1,145 1,470 55 --_._--- "Madras Urban Agglomeration extends over the two districts or Ma(lras and Chcngalpatlu @Erode Urban Agglomeration extends over the two districts of Periyar and Salem 47

THE USES TO WHICH TilEY AIm PUT

Hl>uS s used as ------~--..---- Shops Business Fact,xics, Rcstau- Places "f Plaec~ of Other:; Tuta1} StatejDistrictjCity Excluding h"uses Work- rants enter- worship Rural! eating l Qnc Office, shoPs & sweet- lainment (Eg.) hl,uses Urdan We,rk- meat & Cemmu- Temple, shcd, Shnps & nity Church, eating gatllerlng Me,sque, Places (Prrucha- Gurdwara yatghar) etc. eXcluding places of worship 9 ]0 J1 12 13 14 15 2

30,335 5,415 17,000 5,570 11,750 3,140 ' 11,240 57,775 Total 10, Madurai District 2.065 5,820 2,690 2,290 - 9,410 43.045 Rural 18,585 3,350 11,180 2,880 850 1,830 14.730 Urban 2.355 330 1,300 395 Y,UI5 25 150 1,490 Urban Dindigul City • 1,575 6,050 1,140 320 645 5,8(10 Urban Madura; Urban AgglomemtlQII 18,495 3,850 13,975 3,845 2,115 11,880 ~5,510 Total II, Tiruchchirappalli District 7,730 1.865 7,090 2,105 1,730 10,530 55.3~5 Rural ]0,765 1,985 6.885 1,740 385 1,350 10.125 Urban 5,~20 945 3,650 9]0 175 625 5.875 Urllan Tiruchchirappalli Urban Agglomeration 27,910 4,555 16,340 7,995 2,115 13,625 61,030 Total 12, Thanjavul District 15,820 2,440 9,135 6,015 l2,(l90 1,550 11,990 56,735 Rural 2,115 7,205 1,980 565 1,635 10,295 Urban 1,490 250 1,1(]1) 170 100 190 1,550 Urban Kumbakonam Urball. Agglomeration ll,670 365 1,205 285 45 290 1,430 Urban Thanj~Vllr City 6,275 1,270 4,505 1,955 675 4,965 21,2&5 Total J 3. Pudukkottai District 3.795 875 2,795 1,580 515 4,750 18.885 Rural 2,480 395 1,710 375 160 2J5 2,400 Urban 23,850 5.410 15,755 4,995 3,040 11,170 55,990 10,085 2,730 Total 14. Ramanathapuram District 6,335 2,705 2,355 9,550 44,355 Rural 13,765 2,680 9,420 2,290 685 1,620 11,535 Urban 1.375 205 1.060 220 70 150 950 Urban Karaikudi Urban Agglomeration 1,335 210 1,3AS 190 110 170 1,930 Urban Rajal'alaiyarn City 27,360 5,305 14.750 5,165 2,595 12,330 58540 Total 12,045 2,800 15. Tirunelveli District 6,0')0 2,735 ],985 9,835 43,820 15,315 2,505 Rural H,660 2,430 610 2,495 14)2() Urban 2,625 425 l,29() ~65 95 250 2,445 Urban Tuticorin Urban Agglomeration 3,745 800 2,330 690 80 535 :U)M'i Urban Tirunelveli Urban Agglomeration 13,195 ]'950 5,765 2,110 585 5,885 20,485 9,395 1,245 Total 16, Kanniynkumari District 3,755 1,660 480 5,285 J8,330 Rural 3,800 705 2,010 450 105 600 2,155 Urban 2,485 370 1.545 285 75 350 1,455 Urban Nagercoil City

TO MORE mAN ONE DTSTRICT

41,360 7,185 23,150 5,490 1,450 2,975 23.260 Urban MADRAS URBAN 3,755 500 3,O8() AGGLOMERATION" 350 75 255 2,400 Urban BRODE URBAN AGGLOMERATlON@

TABLE H-2 : DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

8-1 Census/TNj84

TABLE FI-2: DISABLED POPUI,ATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

State{Distr;cl/Taluk/ Total Tota.lly Totally Tol;llly Urban Agglomerat'on{City(fowll Rwal Blind Crippled lJumb Urban 2 4 5

TAMIL NADU T 2.9,215 30,038 28,1211 R 22,104 Zl,m 22,013 U 7,111 8,115 6,115

Madras Urban Agglomeration @ U PLEASE SEB ANNEXE-I

Bhavani Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXB-I

Erode Urban Agglomeration /; U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE-I 1. MADRAS DISTRICT T 1,17' 1,87' 1,166 U 1,1?!» I,ll?!» 1,166 Madras (M.C.)- U 1,179 1,879 1,166

2. CHENGALPATTU mSTRICT T 2,490 2,444 2,148 R 2,060 1,852 1,714 U 430 5'2 434

1. Gummidipundi Taluk T 120 117 103 R 120 117 103 U

2. Punneri Taluk T 228 152 127 R 212 141 115 U 16 11 12 Ponner! (P) U g 5 Arani (P) U 2 2 Pulieat (P) U 6 5 3. Uttukkottai SLlb-Taiuk T 79 56 66 R 79 56 '\ 66 U

4. TiruvaJlur Taluk T 234 190 171 R 229 180 162 U 10 9 Tiruvalhir (M) U 10 9

5. Pullipattu Sub-Taluk T 137 200 128 R 126 177 111 U II 23 17 Poddallurupel a (P) U II 22 15 Ammavar;kuppam (P) U 2

6. Tiruttnni Taluk T 189 172 144 R 1&2 154 133 U 7 18 11 T iruttani {P} U 7 18 11

@ Madra~ Urban Agglomeration extends over the two districts of Madras and Chengalpaltu. $ Bhavani Urban Agglomeration extends over the two districts of Salem and Periyar. £'Erode Urban Agglomeration extends over the two districl~ of Salem and Periyar.

51 52

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

State/DistrictjTalukl Total Totally Totally Totally Urban Aggl()merationICity/ToWD Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Urban

2 3 4 5

7. Sriperumbu.du.r Tulul< T 232 255 205 R 159 129 129 U 73 126 76 Sriperumbudur (.1:') U 5 4 6 Tiruverkadu (T,S,)" U j 12 5 Avadi (T.S.)" U 28 65 43 Soranjeri (P)' U 2 5 Kannapalaiyam (P)' lJ 2 Ncmilichcri (P)' U Nadukkuthagai (P» U Tinmmur (P)' U 2 7 2 Melmanambedu (P)' U 2 Tirumahishai (P)* U 3 Nazarethpettai (Pl' U /7 2 Varadharajapuram [P)* I.J Poonamallee (P) " lJ 12 "10 5 Kattupakkam (Pl- I.J Sennirkuppam (P) .. U 6 2 5 Kunnattur (P)' L 3 4 Chembarambakkam (PlO U 8. Saidapet Taluk T 297 367 3()4 R 86 88 84 lJ 211 279 220

Kattivakkam (T.S.)' 'u 7 23 9 Tiruvottiyur (M)* U 33 54 24 SadayanKuppum (P)' U Naravarikuppam (P)' U 2 2 MadavaTam (T ,S,)" U 13 20 22 Mattur (P)O U 3 3 Pula! (P)' U 2 2 12 Vellanur (P)' U 3 1 Kathirvedu (P)' U Ambattur (T.S,)" U 29 48 21 Nerkunram (Pl· U MacillravoY81 (P)' U Nandamhakkam (P)* U 4 St. Thomas Mount-Cum·Pa!lavaram (Cantl)' U 6 18 4 Minambakkam (P)* "L 1 Po I ichalur (P)' "L A Anakaput1 ur (P)' U 14 12 11 Pammal{P)* U 9 5 4 Tirusu!am (P)" U I 2 Alandur (M)' U 40 16 25 Kottivakkam (P)'" U 5 PcrungLldi (P)* U Pallikkaranai (P)· U 4 Maclippakkam (P)' U Pal1avaram (M)' U 22 27 28 Sittta!apakkam (P)" " u 4 4 5~

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

StatejDistricllTalukj T()lal Totally TDtally Totally Urban :\gglomcro.tion/Ctty/Town Rural Blind Ctippled Dumb Urban

4 5

TiJUUlrmalai (P)' U 6 4 Tambaram (M)' U 13 9 9 Perungalattur (P)' U 4 4 4 Mudichcllur (P}' U Peerlcankaranai (P)" U 6 6 Vengavasal (P)' U 2 3 \f. Chengalpatlu Taluk T 302 336 330 R 274 306 313 U 28 30 17 Cllengaipallu (M) U 10 7 Tiruklcalukkunram (P) U 21 20 10 lO. Kanchipuram TaJuk T 22G 198 177 R 183 135 141 U 43 63 36 Kancbipuram Urban Agglomeration U 42 57 32 (a) 'Kallchipuram (M) U 33 49 22 (b) Phtteri (P) U 4 1 (e) Sevilimedu (P) U 4 5 2 (d) Naltapel1ai (P) U 3 7 Walajabad (P) U 6 4 II. Uttiramerur Taluk T '14 65 95 R 72 57 79 U 22 8 16 UttiraOlerur (P) U 22 16 12. Maduranlakam Ta1uk T 352 336 298 , R 338 312 278 U 14 24 20 Maduranlakam (M) U 5 13 11 Cheyur (P) U 9 Jl 9

3. NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT T 2-,520 2,543 3,020 R 2,056 2,067 2,650 U 464 476 310

Vcllore Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE II Arcot Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE II L Arakkonam Taluk T 223 257 271 R 196 222 234 U 27 35 37 Kaveripakkam (P) U 4 Panapakkam (P) U 4 4 Amkkonam (M) U 23 23 28 2. Walajapet Taluk T 156 133 191 R 117 10J 145 U 39 32 46 Sholinghur (P) U 2 6 5 Ranippettai (M)® U 23 16 29 Walajapet (M)@ U 2 9 7 Mdvisharam (P) U 12 5

• I'omls part of Madras Urban Agglomeration. Consolidaled figures of Madras Urban Agglomerali()n along with details of its consti- tuents are given in Annexe L 54

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISA.BILlW

TDlal T"taU~ To~l1y Tot:I1Jy StatcJDiwictrrall).ki Dumb Urban A~t"ti(jnICit1{Town Itul1!l Blind Crlppl% Urban 2 4

T 17S 24Z 345 3. Gudiyattam 'faluk R J41 164 296 U )7 7S 49 0 5 1 peranambatlu (P) 4 1) GudiY3ttam 1)rball. Agglolll.eratioll 26 43 41 l5 4.() (a) Gudiyattam(M) V 24 S (0) &evur(l» U 1 1) (c) Cheruvanki(P) 3 U ~ 5 Datallildavedu CP)+ 4 2. 22 Katpadi E;\tensil)l\ (1')+ u U 1 Viwdambattu (1')+ T 214 281 202 4. V;miyambadl Ta.luk. R 136 WI 146 U 18 80 56 52 39 32 Vanil'arnbadi Urban .Agglol\wr~tJou U 40 34 2S (a) Vaoiyambadi (M) LJ U (b) Jalfral1ad (1') 2 (c) Devasthallaffi (P) U U 11 '4 "5 (d) Uda1elldrnm (P) U 26 41 14 Ambur(M} T! 348 2fi7 \ 312 5. Vellore Ta1:uk R 192 144 225 U 156 123 87 u 119 96 48 Venore (M)+ U 1 Kol1A vattam (p}+ IT 3 4 SheI1l1:la.kJ;:am (p) U 13 5 Allapuram(PH u 1 6 Satt\l~aclleJi (1')+ u 2 '2 S ThDraPf'*di (1')+ U 14- 9 Ii Pallikondai (P) T 141 i22 m 6. AraniTaluk R (IS 103 13:1 U 23 19 22 U 23 19 22 Mall; (M) T 104 134 149 7. ArcotTaluli: R il9 115 141 U ]5 19 S U 15 19 . i\rM(M)@ T 135 IGO 192 S. Clle"NlU: Ta.luk R 125 135 178 U Ji) 25 14 If) 25 14 Tiruvettipuram eM) U

T 206 173 25S 9. Vandavasi TaJuk It 2Q2 111 257 U 4 2 t U 4 Vandavasi (P)

+):1orms part of VeUore Urban Agglomeration. Cctlsolidated figures of VeIJote Urban ag~klmeratio[1 along witll details of its cons- titucn~ are given in Afl1le)Ce JI. , @Fol'lllS part of Areal Urban AggiOlll¢lO.tiol'. ConSQlid~tC(\ t\~rcs ,~f Moot Urb~n Aggl omcrat ico '11ollj!, "itlt

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

Tota.l Totally Tolally Totally State/DislrictITaluk{ Dumb Urban AgglomClalion/City/Town Rural Blind Cripploo Uebao

2 3 4

252 10. Polur Talulc T 172 187 R 163 175 248 U 9 12 4 Polur (P) U '9 12 4 197 11. Tiruppattur Taluk T 182 220 R 151 197 184 U 31 23 13 lolarpettai (P) U 12 II 7 Tiruppattur (M) U 19 12 6

12. Chengam TaJuk T 194 130 20S R 194 13() 205 U

13. Tiruvannamalai Taluk T 267 237 291 R 232 209 258 U 35 28 33

T(ruvaunamalai (M) U 35 28 33

4. SOUTH AReOT DISTRICT T 3,779 1,935 2,551 R 3,418 2,(ii7 U 351 318 ~

NcyveJi Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNE~ II 1. Gingee Taluk T 235 230 195 R 235 230 195 U

2. Tindivanam TaJuk T 460 352 33-1 R 407 309 307 U 53 43 24

Tindivanam (M) U 53 43 24

3. Villupuram Taluk T 506 313 286 R 479 279 263 U 27 34 23

Villunuram(M) U 27 34 23

4. Tirukkoyilur Taluk T 297 229 162 R 288 216 151 U 9 B 11

Tirukkoyilur (P) U 9 n 11

5. Kallakkurichchi Taluk T 602 407 361 R 591 389 349 U II 18 12

Kallakkurichchi (P) . U II 18 12

6. Ulundurpettai Taluk T 235 156 205 R 2,5 156 20S U 56

TABLE M-2-DlSABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

Sta~IDistr[ct ITalnkl Tota.l Totally Tota.Jly TotaUy Urban Aggiomoration City(Town Rural Blind Crippled Dllntb Urban

2 4 5

7, Panru!i Taluk T 214 253 189 R [88 112 117 U 86 81 72 Paoruti (M) U 34 21 21 Thorapadi (P) U 6 2 NcUikuppam(M) U 30 20 17 Neyveli (f,S,)" U 17 34 32 8. CUddalore T-,t1uk T 338 2f)9 152 R 236 148 114 U 102 61 38 cuddalore eM) u 88 51 27 Kuriojipadi {Pi U J14 10 11 9, vriddha.chalam Taluk T 207 197 19~ R I'll 176 180 U 16 21 18 Yriddlw.chalam (M) U 6 )6 16 Gengaikondau (P)* U 7 5 2 Mclpathi (p)* U 10. 'filtakudi T_Iuk T 192 1'85 131 R I'}Z ISS 131 U 11· Chidambaram Toluk T 251 202 \ ISl R' 204 15S 128 U 47 47 54 Chidambaram Urban Agglomeration U 29 26 42 (a) Chidambaram (M) U 26 23 16 (b) Annamalai Nagar (T,S.) U 3 6 Bhuvanagiri (P) U 1& 9 portonovo (P) U 10 3 12. Kattumannarkoil Taluk T 182 202 )59 R 182 202 159 U

S. OJ{A.RMAPURI DISTRICT T 1,291 1,214 1~ R I,UO p,I09 1,lO4 U 71 ltl5 76 l. HOBUr Taluk T 123 109 162 R 113 88 147 U 10 21 15 Hosue (1)) U 10 21 15 , ~, DenkaniKota Taluk T 175 165 190 R 165 159 172 U 10 6 18 DenJ

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILiTY

StatejDistrictfTalukl Total Totally Totally Totally Urban !.gglomeration/City fTown Rural Blind CriJ1f>led Durnh Urban

2 4

5. Palakkodu Taluk T 103 103 84 R 101 95 77 U 2 8 7 Palakkodu (P) U 2 8 7 6. Pennagaram Taluk T 93 70 132 R 93 70 132 U 7. Dharmapuri Taluk T 157 161 1S£) R 14{) 131 136 U 17 )ll 14 Dnarmapuri (M) U 17 30 14

8. HarurTaluk T 214- 208 179 R 211 196 177 II 3 12 2 Harm (P) U :> 12 2

6. SA,LEM DISTRICT T 1,tr/1 1,931 1,848 R 1,361 1,414 1,491 U 310 451 357 Mallur Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE II Mallasamudram Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE II l. Mettur Taluk T 179 234 206 R J52 183 166 U 27 51 40

Jalakandapuram (P) U 8 16 ,2 MettUI er.s..) U 12 29 31 Veerakkalputtur (P) U 6 : ' 2. Omalur Taluk T 216 210 212 R 202 201 198 U 14 9 14

Omalur (P) U 7 Taramangaiam (P) U 7 8 11 3. Yercaud Taluk T 33 22 20 R 33 22 20 U

4. Salem Taluk T 312 408 368 R 185 214 200 U In 194 lI'i8 Salem Urban Agglomeration U 119 178 149 (a) Salem (M) U 81 1il6 83 (I) Seelanayakkanpatti (P) U 7 4 Cc) Reddipatti (P) U 1 Cd) Ammapalaiyam (P) U :.I (c) Namojipatti (P) U 2 2 (f) Alagapuram (p) U 4 2 (g) Thadampatti (P) U 3 5 (h) Ammapeltai (P) U 5 (i) KomarasamipattJ (p) U (j) Anna

9-1 Census(fNJ84 58

TABLE B-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE Q}t' DlSABILlTY

State/District/Talukl Total Totally Totally TOlull~ Urban Agglomeration!CityjTown Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Urba.n 2 3 4 5

Salem Urban Agglomerati()n----(Contd,) (0) Kandampatti (P) U 4 (P) Jarikondaiampatti (P) U 3 8 , (q) Puttur(P) U 2 j g (r) Neykkarapatti (P) U 1 4 4 (8) Kondalampatti (P) U 4 IJaml'illai (P) U 2 4 Vembaditalam Urban Agglomeration U 4 (a) Vembaditalam (p) U (b) Senaipa,laiyam (P) U Mallur (P)*. U Attayyarnpatti (P)t U /() (, MarulayamplI.laiam (P)t u PaPl'arapatti (P)f U 5. Attur Taluk T 259 281 261 R 228 250 246 U 31 31 15 Attur (M) U :11 31 15 6. Rasipuram Taluk 'T 147 114 155 R 117 84 126 ,U 30 30 29 Kwnarapalaiyam (P)** U 1 Veunandur (P) U 8 11 4 Rasipuram eM) U 16 17 16 Pillanallur (P) U 6 8

7. Sankari Taluk T 127 160 171 R 108 B9 148 U 19 21 23 Irlappadi (M) U 19 21 23

3. Tirucheng()du Taluk T 132 188 150 R 88 92 94 U 44 96 56 Tiruchengodu (M) U 14 35 21 Mallaaamudram (P) t u 3 3 6 Seppaiyapuram (P) t u Kumar.apalaiyam(M) * U 23 52 19 Pallipalaiyam (P) tt ' U 3 [) 10 Ala.m1}alaiyam (P) t t u

9. NamakkaJ Taluk T 272 314 305 R 254 289 293 U 18 25 12 Namakkal (M) U 18 25 12

.* Forms Part of Mallur Urban Agglomeratic)fl, Consolidated figures of Mallur Urban Agglomeration along with detai1~ of its constituents are given in Annexe n. Fcmns part of Mallasamudram Urban Agglomeration, Consolidate(] figures of Mallasamudram Urban Agglomeration along with details of its constituents are given in Annexe II, ft Forms part of Erode Urban agglomeration. Consolidated figures of Er(1oe Urban Agglomeration along with details of its consti· tnents are gieven in AnneKe I. Forms Part of Bhavani Urban agglomeration, consolidated figure' of Bhavani Urb,o,n agglomeration al')ng witl) details of its * c:onstituents are given in Annexe I. 59

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

State/Districl/Taluk I Total Totally Totally Totally Urban Agglomeration/City/Town Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Urban

2 4 5

7. PERIYAR DISTRICT T 997 9SS 1,1:13 R 817 722 949 U 180 233 174

Satyamangalam Truuk T 145 104 130 R 123 88 112 U 22 16 18 Satyamangaiarn (M) U ]6 9 15 Punjai puliyam patti (P) U 6 7 3 Bhavanisagar (T.S.) U

2. Gopichettipalaiyam Taluk T 159 145 211 R 127 122 183 U 32 23 28 Gopichettipalaiyarn (M) U 32 23 28

3. Bhavani Taluk T 149 172 193 R 135 129 164 \ U 14 43 29 Bha~ani(M)*, U 34- 11 Urachchikkottai (P). U 4 2 Andiyur(p) U 16

4. Erode Taluk T J96 281 255 R 117 152 186 U 79 129 69 Erode (M)tt U 37 71 ·44 Veel'appan Chattiram (P)tt U 15 28 12, Brahmana Pe'riya Agraharam (P)tt U 4 Surampatti (P)tt U 7 9 I Chi thode (P) U 6 Kasipalaiyam (P)tt U 11 2

5. l'erundurai Tatuk T 89 94 134 R 85 88 123 U 4 6 11 KunnaUUf (P) U 2 3 Ottapparai {P} U 2 2 Chennimalai (P) U 2 6

6. Dharapuram Taluk T 259 159 2()() R 230 143 181 U 29 16 19 Kangayam (P) U 11 4 5 Dharapuram eM) U 18 12 14

tt Fomls part of Erode Urban Agglomeration. Consolidated figures of Erode Urban Agglomeration along with details of its consti- tuents are given in Annexe I.

Forms part nf Bhavani Urban Agglomeration. Consolidated figure!! of Bhavani Urban Agglomeration along with details of its (onstiillf:Jlts are given in Anne:'l:e I. 60

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

$tJlte/District/Talukl Total Totally Totally Totally Dumb tJrblln Agglomeration/City/Town Rural Blind Crippled Urban 2 4

1,391 1,394 1,531 g. COIMBATORe DISTRICT T 978 R 960 750 U 431 644 554 Tiruppur Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNBXE II

Coimbatol'e Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE II 103 J. MettuppalaiYaJn T"luk T 79 69 R 34 41 61 U 45 28 42 13 KaramaQai (P) • U 6 11 29 MetluppaJaiyam (M) U 39 17

z. Avanasbi Tatuk T 119 119 142 R 99 95 119 U 20 ,24 23 Avana&hi (P)t U' 7 9 8 9 TirUIllUTUganpundi (P)t U 5 9 Annur(P) , U 8 6 " 400 3. Palladam Taluk T 336 249 R 266 161 2% U 70 88 104 Palladam (p) U 6 9 Tiruppur (M)t U 40 59 53 ChettipalaiYam (P}f U 2 11 21 Velampalaiyam (P)t U 7 VeeraPandi (P)t ,.' U 10 4 5 Muiliugollllden pudur Railway Colon)' (S.Rly, Admn.)* U Sulor (P)* U 8 3 PallapalaiYam (Pl* U 3

4. Coimbatore Taluk T 3:)l 602 417 R 172 194 154 U 219 .wS 263 Coimbatore (M.}* U 154 325 208 Vilankurichchi (P)*. , U 4 5 PeriyanaYakkan palaiyam (P). U 3 Narasimhanayakkan palaiY3m (P). U 2 2 KUludamPalaiyam (P)* U 4 2 Veerakeralam (Pl* U 7 Perur, Chettipalaiyam (Pl* U 2 Kuniyamuttur (p» . U 7 13 13 Kavundampalai)'lllI1 (Pl. U 1 Chinnavec!amPalti (Pl. U 5 5 2 Kurichchi (p)!< U 28 23 15 Madukkarai (T.s.)' U 4 2 7 VeValorc (P)* . U 3 6 Perur (p). U 2 10

~orms p~rt of Tiruppur Urba.n Agglomeration. Consolidated figures of Tiroppur Urban Agglomeral ion a.long with details 0 1 S COnstituents are given in Annexe 11 Ff'r;ns part of Coimbatore Urban Agglometation, Consolidated figures of Coimbatore Urba.n Agglomeration along with details () 1 S COnstituents -are given in Annexe n. (51

TABLE H-2; DISABLED POPtrLATlON BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

Slate/District/Taluki Total TotaUy Totally Totally lIrban AgglomerationjCity/Town Rural Blind Cripp1e..l Dumb Urban -=---==_-,==---'0-." "===---==."'_. ==~~'====---'- - =-=""=------=:-- 2 3 4 5

5. Pol1aclli Taluk T 280 236 288 R 230 166 194 U 50 70 94 Pollachi Urban Agglomeration U 32 36 34 U\ (a) Pollachi (M) J5 19 19 (b) Puliyampat ti (P) . U' 1 (c) Uthukkuli (P) U 7 12 8 (d) Suleeswarampatti (P) U 8 2 1 (e) Makkinampatti(p) U 1 2 (f) Chinnampalaiyam (P) U 2 3 Va.iparai (T.S,) U 14 3() 52 Anamalai (P) U 4 4 8 6. Udumalaippettai Taluk T 186 119 182 R 159 93 154 U 27 26 28 Udumalaippettai (M) U 27 26 28

9. NIWIRI DISTRICT T 3014 355 419 \ R 136 209 274 U 178 146 145 Coonoor Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE 11 1. Gudalur Taluk T 65 135 71 R 26 79 38 U 39 56 33 Gudalur(Pl U 5 19 7 Devar&boJa Urban Agglomeration U 22 27 21 (a) Devarshola (1)) U 6 12 n (b) Nelliyalam (P) U 16 15 8 '0' Valley lPl U 12 ]() 5 " 2. Ootaca11lund Taluk T U8 108 178 R 56 72 128 U 82 36 50 Naduvallam Urban Agglomeration U 16 9 14 Ca) Naduvattam (1)) U 15 6 11 (b) Masinigudi(P) U 1 3 3 Ootacamund (M) U 66 27 36 3. Kotagiri Taluk T 42 39 72 R 22 22 40 U 20 17 32 KOlagiri Urban Agglomeration U 17 ]() 28 Ca) Kotagiri (P) U 7 9 20 (b) Konakkarai(1)) U 10 1 8 Jagamala (P)t U 3 7 4 4. Coonoor Taluk T 69 73 98 R 32 36 68 U 37 37 30 Coonoor eM) t u 21 15 17 Berhatty (P)t U 2 4 Weliington(Cantt.)t . U 12 12 5 Hubbathala (P)t U 2 6 Aruvallkad (T,S,)-[ U 4 2

lForms part of COOllO!)r Urban Agglomeration. Consolidated figures of Coonoor Urban Agglomeration along with details of its constituents are given in Al1nexe II. 62

TABLE H·2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

Sta te ID; strictjTalukj Total Totally Totally Totally Urban AgglomerationjCitYITown Rural Blind Crippled Urban Dumb

2 3 4

10. I\{"-DURAI DISTRICT T 2,416 2,349 2,379 R 1,166 1,766 1,902 U 644 583 477 Ma.dural Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE n 1. Palani Taluk T H,S 94 207 R 143 77 139 U 22 17 68 PaLaui Urban Agglomeration U J9 15 68 (a) Palani (M) U ]9 15 2.6 (b) Sivagiripatti (P) U 42 Kiranur(P) U 1

2. Vedasandur Taluk T 107 ; 72 165 R 105 72 165 U 2 Vedasandur CP) U 2

.l. Nattam Taluk T 6S 63 74 R 64 b3 74 U I ._ Nattam(P) U 1

4. Dindigul Taluk . T .,13 338 309 R 237 227 250 U 76 111 59 Dindigul (M) U 61 105 54 C hinnalapatli (P) U 15 :)

S. Kodaikanal Talnk T 25 27 43 R 19 19 35 U 6 8 8 K()daikanal(T.S.) U 6 8

6. Uttam.apalaiyam Taluk T 277 322 252 R 184 228 ISS U 93 94 94 Bodina~akkanur eM) u 30 20 31 Gudalur{l,» U 10 11 9 Kam.barn (M) U 32 27 30 Uttamapata.iyam (1') U 2 3 Cllinnamanur (M) U 19 33 21

7. Periyakulam Taluk T 308 344 330 R 259 292 279 U 49 52 51 Teui-Allinagaralll (M) U 18 23 23 Andippatti Jakkampatti (P) U 6 10 2 Periyakulam (M) U 25 19 26

8. Nilakkottai Taluk T 193 220 231 R 186 206 228 U 7 14 3 Valtalakuoou (P)l U 5 4 2 Nila1l.koUai (P) U 2 10

9. MelurTaluk T Y7 97 123 R 93 95 118 U 4 2 5 Melul·(M) U .. 2 5 63

TABLE H-2 : DISABLED POPULA.TION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

Totally Stp.telDiatrictiTaluk} Totally Totally Total Crippled Dumb Urban AgglomeralioDfCity(!'own R1ll"a.l Blind Urban

2 4

98 111 Madurai North Taluk ,. 1~9 123 112 90 R 10S & U S4 11 6 Samayatr.l.llur (l»t U 2 B 2 Paravai (1')t U 2 Vilangudi (P)t U 52 Tbilthaneri (Pit U 217 ii, Madurai South Taluk m 303 T 56 6~ R 1S 154 U 302 'lJi.7 14S Madurai(M,C,it U 288 216 Ayatiiapuram (PH U 11 1'hiagarajar Colon)! Ill)"! U Tirun3jjllr(p)t U 1 HlI1'IC)']lILtti(T.s,)~ L' 5 5 Tiru]l]lll,1'llUgllntam (P) t U t. 9 176 12, U&ilami.atti TaM T 188 183 171 16'1 R 185 9 U 3 IZ 9 Usilampattl (P) U 3 11, 154 13, Tirumallga,lam Talul< T 136 :63 " 136 R 111 14& ti 15 IS 18 13 l'irtlmangatam (M) U 21 If Perai)'llr(p) U 4 4 ,

:2,191 11. TIRUCHCHlRAPPALU DtSTRICf ' T 2,111:1 2;,334 1,661i 1$02 l,91(i R 37:5 U 511i 53Z 179 179 1. TU!1liyur Taluk T 167 HR R 158 160 U 9 19 2.1 21 Tllt\\i)'Ul'(M) U 9 19 :!22 m 3()6 2. PerambaluT Talult T }{l~ ~15 244 R 3 U 8 Peramoolur (P) U 3 3, Ariyalur Ta 1ll k T 160 186 Z14 R 158 176 20~ U 2 !O 8 Ariyalar (P) U 10 ~ 4, UdayarpaJayaT1\ Taluk T 20, 25· 212 'R. ::.1)3 25· 222 U 11' 19: 5, Lalgudi Taluk T 146 _J. 1)4 R j~J 183 U 13 J,} 11 Lalguo.i (P) U 11 9 Puvalur (P) U 2 Ka lIakkudi (P) U 5 Mam.cllchanel1l1T (P) U B

fForms pa'! of M&durai Urbart A~lomcrllti(l!L. COIlsolida.te4 IIflUr§s of Ms.durai Urban Agglorn.ratior along wilh <1elai" of its constituents are given in Anoexe II. 64

TABLE B·2 : DISABLED POPULATION .BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

State/District/TalukJ Total Totally Totally Totally Urban Agglomeration/City/Town Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Urban

2 4

6. Musiri Taluk T 176 149 167 R 155 Dl 144 U 20 18 23 Mettupalaiyam (P) U 1 4 2 Tattayyangarpettai (P) U 11

Knttupputtur (P) U Musiri(P) U 9 10

7. Knrur'Tall1k 'T 266 234 2it R 189 176 211 U 77 ; S8 ~O Knrur Urban Agglomeration U 48 39 50 (a) !Carur (M) U 39 23 35 (b) lnam karur (P) , U 9 16 15 I PunjaipugaJur (PI U 4 4 Pallappal ti (P) U 23 15 6

8. Knliltalai T

<) Tiruchchirappalli 'Taluk . T 455 445 314 R 78 81 81 U '.77 364 233 Tiruchchirappalli Urban Agglomeration U 377 364 233 (a) TifUchchirappalli (M) U 255 233 140 eb) Srirangarn (M) U 61 48 26 Ccl Pir~ttiyur (P) U 7 6 7 Cd) Ab'shekapuram (P) U 2 (e) Alathur (P) U 8 12 (f) Tiruverambur (P) U 2 1 (gl Navalpattu (P) U 1 3 (h) Tuvagudi (P) U 4 3 (I) Ariyamangalam (P) U 9 17 (j) Ulka(htL A ri yamanga);un (P) U 3 2 (k) Golden Rock Railway Colony (S, Rly. Adml1.) U 7 16 2 (I) Ponmalai (M) U 19 30 36

10. Manapparai Taluk T 155 179 184 R 15J 175 175 U 4 4 9 Manapparai eM) u 4 4 9

12. THANJA VUR DISTRICT 'T 2,2.92 2,8Ci6 2,592 R 1,UO 2,316 2,082 U 432 S50 510 1. Sirkazhi Taluk T 187 230 155 R 160 179 130 U 27 51 25 TirumuJla;VlIf!aI. (P) U 6 4 Sirkazhi (M) U 14 36 14 Vaithee3waran KoillYl U 7 65

TABLE H·2 ; DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

St~te/D1striClITaluk! Total Totallv Towly Tcta.Uy Urban AgglomerationlCity!Town Rural Rlind Crippled !J1,m"h Urban

---~---- 2 4

2. Mayuram Taluk T 282 350 217 R 240 292 194 U 42 58 23 Mayuram (M) U 30 41 20 Kuttalam (P) U 1 1 1 Tranqueoor (P) U 11 16 2 3. Tiruvidairnamdur Taluk T 115 118 114 R 92 89 94 U 23 29 20 Aduthurai alias Maruthuvakudi (P) . U 5 3 2 Tirnvidaimarudur (P) U II 12 10 Tirubuva.oam (P) U 7 14 4. Kumbakonam Taluk T 175 160 169 R 117 101 122 U 58 59 47 Tiruuageswaram (P) U 7 5 8 Kumbakonam Urban Agglomeration U 51 54 39 (a) Kumbakonam (M) U 42 46 33 CD) Dharasuram (P) U 9 8 (; " I,'. 5. Nannilam Taluk " T 179 269 204 R 179 269 204 U 6. Papanasam TaJuk T 138 204 164 R 112 168 146 U 26 36 18 Papanasam (P) U 14 11 Valangiman (p) U 4 Ammapettai (p) U "2 Ayyampettai (P) U 6 15 10 "

7. Thiruvaiyaru Talule 0. T 98 124 113 R 86 101 91 U 12 23 22 Tirukkattuppalli (P) U 6 g Thiruvaiyaru (P) U 6 15 17 8. Thanjavur Taluk T 128 201 263 R 72 121 100 U 56 80 163 Thanjavur (M) U .16 80 163 9. Orattanadu TaInk T 101 117 143 R 98 113 138 U 3 4 5 Orattanadu (P) U 4 (Mukthambalpuram)

10. Mannargudi Taluk T 225 205 252 R 174 177 201 U 51 28 51 Nidamangalam (P) U I 2 , Kuttanallur (P) U 11 2 10 Mallnargudi (M) U 40 25 39 II. Tbiruvarur Taluk T 105 127 117 R ·91 106 99 U 14 21 18 Thiruvarur (M) U 14 21 IS

10 --1~ITNI84 (,fi

TABLE H-2 : DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE Of' DISABILITY

State/District/Taluk/ Total Totally Totally Tiltally Urban Agglomeration/City/Town Rural Blind Crippled IJ\Unb Urban

2 4

12. Nagappattinam Taluk T 110 139 141 R 67 88 103 U 43 51 38 Nagappattinam Urban Agglomeration U 4~ 51 38 (al Nagappattinam (M) U 4 ~ 48 35 (b) Andanappettai (P) U I (c) A.kka.raipettai (P) U 2 13. TirutluTaippund\ Taluk T 1()1 120 125 R 88 98 110 U 13 n 15 Tirutturaippundi (P) U 7. 15 1 Muttupet (P) U 6 7 8 14. Vedaranniyam Ta1ul<: T 187 24..1 154 R IS\! 209 134 U 3/ 34' 20 Vcdarmmiyarn (P) U 37 34 20 1 5. l'attukkottai Talnk T 128 181 188 R 101 133 143 U 27 54 45 Pattukkottai (M) U 23 41 25 AlirampattilJam (p) U 4 13 20 J 6. Peravurani Taluk T ,13 72 73 R 33 72 73 U

13. PUDUKKOTTAI DISTRICJ' T 884 741 843 R 781 660 744 U 103 81 99 I. Kulattur Talllk T 178 158 186 R 167 141 177 U 1.' 17 9 llnppur(P) 1] 6 4 5 Kiranur (P) U 13 4 2. Pudnkkottai Taluk l' 165 J 17 156 R 104- 84 96 U 61 33 60 Pudukkottai (M) U 61 .l3 60 3. Alangudi Trunk T 163 136 179" R 15& 126 174 U 5 10 5 A1angudi (P) U 10 4. Timmayaffi Talnk T 177 133 153 R 166 127 131 U 11 '6 16 Ponnamara"ati (P) 0 7 8 Ka.diapatti (P) U 2 2 4 Alagapuri (P) U 2 4 5. Arantangi Talnk T 113 110 86 R 9"8 95 77 U 15 15 9 Arantangi (M) U 15 15 9 6. Avadaiyark()vil Talnk T 88 87 H3 R 88 87 83 U 67

TABLE H·2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

$tatcjDistrict/Ta.l.ukJ Total Totally Totally Totally lJrb~n AsgiomerationfCilylTown Rural Blind Crippled lJUmb Urban

2 4 5

14. RAMANATHAPURhM DISTRIcr T 2,245 1,754 :.,101 R.\ 1,6!M 1,371 1,591 U SSI 383 510 I. Tirul'l:Iattur Taluk T 276 108 107 R 125 85 100 U 151 23 7 Singampunari (P) U 4 4 Tiruppatl]lT (P) U 147 23 2 Karaikkudi Taluk T 10] 34 112 R 53 3'1 42 U 43 45 70 Karaikkudi Urban AgglotUerat ion U 48 45 70 (a) Karaikkudi (M) U 33 33 52 (b) Kana.d~atlan (1') U 1 5 (c) Pallittlur (P) U 5 Cd). Kottaiwr (P) U 2 (e) 'Sankarapuram (P) U (I) Kandanur (P) U 2 2 4 (g) Puduvayal (P) U. 2 8 3. Devakottal Taluk T 48 42 59 R 27 33 36 U 21 9 23 Devakottai rM) U 21 9 23 4. Tiruvadanai Taluk T 121 121 141 R 125 105 129 U 2 16 12 Ton

TABLE B-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF i>lSABILITY

State/DistrictjTaluk/ J Total Totally Totally Totally Urban Agglomeration/City/Town Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Urban

2 3 4 5

II. Virudunagar Taluk T lU7 82 11 R' 85 54 61 U 22 28 10 Virudunagar (M) U 19 25 g Rosalpatti (F) U 2 12. Sl'ivil1iputtur Taluk T 132 94 105 R 100 61 91 U 32 33 14 Srivilliputtur (M) U n 33 14 13. Rajapalayam Taluk T 171 lit} ~4 R 84 67 52 U 87 52 42 Rajapalayam (M) U 76 f8 32 Cha.trapatti (P) U 3 ._ Chelliarpatti (P) U 7 '4 5 U 5 Dhalamipuram (P) '. 14. Sattur Taluk T 151 143 176 R 114 112 147 U 37 31 29 Sivllkasi Urban Agglomeration U 29 21 23 (a) Sivakasi .(M) U 16 14 IS (b) Tiruttangal (P) U 13 7 Anfliyur (P) 13 2 Pallapatti (P) U 1 Viswanattam (P} U Sattuf (M) U 5 G 4 [5. Kamudi Taluk T S4 63 75 R 81 61 73 U 3 2 2 Kamudi{P) U 2 2 16. Mudukulattur Taluk T 148 116 158 R 142 113 156 U 6 3 2 Mudukulattur (P) U 6 2 17. Ramanathapuram Taluk T 184 167 [58 R 145 125 139 U 39 42 19 Ramanal;haPllram eM) u 24 23 12 Ki1allirai (P) U 7 5 Mandapam (P) U 8 14 7 18. Rameswaram Sub·Taluk T 19 43 14 R 12 29 10 U 7 14 4 Rami;Bwaram {T.S.) U. \4 0\

15. TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT T 2,868 2,789 2,037 R 1,735 1,883 1,511 V l,tH 906 526 Tuticorin Urban Agglomeration U PLEASE SEE ANNEXE n I. Sivagiri Sub-Taluk T 143 151 112 R [ 17 116 84 U 26 35 28 Pull r

TABLE H·2 : DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DlSABlUTY

StalelDistrictlTaluk/ Total Totally Total1J' Totally Urban AgglomeralkmjCit,JTown Rural Blind Crippled Dwnb Urban

4

2. Swkarallkovil Taiuk T 214 23~ 193 R 199 212 170 U 15 26 21 Sankarankovil (M) U 15 26 23 3. Kovilpatli Taluk T 148 J 17 j 14 R 115 83 94 U 33 34 20 Kayattur (P) . U 7 4 J Kovilpat ti (M) U 16 21 1I Ka)ugwnalai (P) U 3 .5 • 2 Ettaiyapuram (P) U 7 3 4 4, Vilattikulam Ta.luk T 154 123 [44 R 153 JI9 IJ8 11 I 4 1} : Vil ..ttikula1]l (P) U 1 4 6 T 100 5. Qttapidaram Talllk , 86 82 R 100 . 86 82 U "\ 6. Tutic()rin Taluk T 206 220 J 14 R 51 48 33 U 155 172 81 Tuticorin (M)* U 127 132 64 MuIlakkadu (P)" U J Muttayyapuram (F)' U 4 1 U 7 6 ~vittan (Pl" Tu !Corin (P)t . U 5 5 4 KoramJlll.]Jam (Pl' U 10 4 Attimarappatt< (P)' U 5 J 1 Ayanadaippu (P)' U 1 1 3 MappilaiW.lni (P)* U 6 10 2 7. Srivaikuntam Taluk T 139 178 116 K j[)2 145 96 U 37 33 20 Palayakayal (P)O lJ 11 5 2 Sri vaikunlam (P) U J7 8 s EtaI(P) . u G 12 8 SawYCJ1furarn (P) U 3 8 2 8. T1 runelveli Taluk T 703 349 244 R JOO 127 108 U 603 222 j 36 Tirunelveli Urban Aggl(lmcralion U 603 222 136 (a} Tirunelveli eM) U 13 80 50 (b) Talaiyuttu (P) U 2 2 J (c} Pettai (P) . U 4 Cd) TacltchanaUur (P) U 4 5 9 (e) Alaganeri (P) U I (I) Nar:mammalpuram (P) U 8 3 (g) Sankarna&llr er.S.) U 1 (h) Melappalaiyarn (M) U 55 47 42 (1) Melanattam (P) U 1 3 I (j) Palayanlrot~l. (P) lJ 4 7 2 (k) Palayankottat (M) U 455 74 22 5'. Tenl

TABLE H-2 : DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

St"tc}District/Talukl Total Totally Totally TQtally Urban Aggl

2 4 5

II. Ambasamudram Taluk T 227 287 197 R 171 190 153 U 56 97 44 Amba,amu Vikramrn;ingapllraID (P) U 14 27 18 Sivanthipuram (P) U 5 t} 7 Viravanallur (P) U 5 8 6

12. Nanguneri Talnk T 236 283 20S R 223 264/ 189 U 13 11' 16 TL~aiyanvjlai f!) U 6 [0 8 Eruvadi (p) U 7 '7 8

n. Satianlruiam Taluk T 69 119 53 R 53 105 47 U 16 J4 6 Mu

14. TiruchchenduT Taluk t 180 202 140 R lOl 105 79 U 79 97 61 TiruchchendUl UrbaJl Agglom~r,\tion U 39 39 18 (al Tiruchchendt.tr (P) U 20 17 (b) Kayal pattinam (P) U 6 '13 6 (c) Arumllganeri (Pi U 13 9 9 Paramanknriehcni (P) U 4 12 9 U daugudi (P) U 13 18 18 Kulasekarappattinam U 3 8 3 Alwartil1Jnagarai (P) U 7 6 8 Nazareth (P) U 13 14 5

16. KANNIYAKUMARI DISTRICT T 696 1,605 79S R S58 ],375 708 U 138 230 90 I. Vi!avankod Taluk T 313 675 311 R 295 647 299 U 18 28 12 Kuzhi Hum (M) U 18 28 12

2. Ka!kulam Taluk T J76 4R8 245 R 152 439 223 U 24 49 22 PawlljUlabhapul'am (M) U 10 20 9 Kolachel (M) If 14 29 13 3. Thovala Talul:: T 34 86 48 R 34 86 48 U

4. AlOIlsliswaram Taluk T 173 356 194 R 77 203 138 U 96 153 56 Nagerc()illM) U 84 136 51 Kanniyakumari (T.S.) U 12 !7 5

NOTE: The foUowing abbreviatiollll have been used in lhis table-(i) M-Municipality (ij) P-Panchayat (iii) M.e- Muni' CcI'Porafion (tv) Canti-Cont()1}lllent (\I) S. Rly. Admn.-Southem Railway Administration. (vi) T. g.-Town ~bip ANNBX!.-l TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS EXTENDING TO MORE mAN ONE DISTRICT

Urban Agglomeration/loVln Urban Tolally Totally Totally Blind Cri]lpled Dumb 2 " 4 5 Madras Urban A~l_ation U 1,456 z,mo 1,456 (1) Madras (M.e.) U 1,179 1,879 1,166 (2) Tiruverkadu er.S.) U. 5 12 5 (3) Avadi (T,S.) U 28 65 43 (4) Soranjeri (P) U 2 .. (5) Kannapalaiyam (P) U 2 (6) Netnilicheri (P) U (7) Nadukkuthagai (P) U (8) Tinnanux (P) U 2 7 2 (9) Melmal]ambedu (P) U 2 I (10) Tirumahishai 11') U 5 5 (ll) Na,=e'i:hpet tai (P) U 3 7 (12) V:u'adhara;apuram (P) U (ll) I>oonamallee (P) U \2 10 (14) Kattupakbm (P) U (15) SennirkullllaDl (P) U (i 2 (16) Kunnattur (P) U 3 4 :,1 (11) Chembarambakkam (P) U 1 1 (18) Kaliivakkam (1.S.) U 1 23 C; , (19) Tiruvottiyur (M) U 33 54 24 (20) Sadayankuppam (p) U 3 (21) N3favarikuppam (P) U 2 2 8 . (22) Madavaram ('J',S.j U B 20 22 (23) MaUnr (p) U 3 :l (24) Pula1 (p) U 2 2 12 (25) Vellanur (P) U (26) Katbirvoo.u (p) U (27) Ambattur ('f.S.) U 2'> 48 21 (2B} Nerkuruarn (P) U I (29) Maduravoyal (P) U (30) Nandambakka.m (P) U 4 (31) St. Thomas MC)nnt·Cllm-PaUavaram (CanH.) U 6 18 (32) Minambaklatm (P) U (33) l'olichalur (P) U (34) AnakaPUttUT (P) U 11 12 11 (35) I>ammal (P) U <) 5 4 (36) Tirusulam (P) U 1 2 (31) Alandur eM) U 4() 16 2~ (38) Kottivakkam (P) U 1 (39) Pernngudi (P) U (40) Pallikkaranai (P) U 4 (41) Madippakkam (P) U (42) Pa.llaVaIam (M) U 22 27 2% (43) Sittalapakkam (P) U 4 1\ (44) Tirunirmalai (P) U I 6 4 (45) Tambaram eM) u 13 9 9

71 n TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY &imX1Jol URBAN AGGTOl',fERA' IONS EXTENDING TO MORE THAN ONE DiSTRIct ('ABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BV TYPE OF DlSABIUTY

ANNEXE--JT URB.l.N AGGLOMERATlONS EXTENDING TO TWO OR MORE TALUKS OF A DISTRICT

U:'{)an Agl!klmeration/Town Urban Totally Totally Tolall lllind crippled Dumb

2 4 .>_._------1. Vell()re Urban Agglnmeratioo U 146 142 73 (a) Vellore (M, U 119 96 48 (b) Darapadavedu (P) U 4 (<.;) Katpadi Extension (P) U 2 22 Cd) Vjrudambattu (P) U (e) Konavattam (1') U (I) Allapuram (P) U 13 5 6 (g) Sattuvacher i U 7 6 (h) Torappadi (P) U 2 2 5 2. Areot Urban Allglomeration U 40 44 44 (a) ~co[ (M) U 15 19 It (b) Ranirpettai (M) U 23 16 29 (c) Walajapet (M) U 2 9 ~. Neyveli Urban AggJpmeratio t:' 27 :w 34 (a) Veyveli (T.S.) U ]1 34 32 (b) Ge~aikundafl (P) U 7 2 (c) Melpathi (P) U 3 4. Mallur Urban Agglom~ralion U 3 4 la) Mallnr (P) U 3 (b) Kllmarapalaiyam (P) U 5. MaUasamlldram Urban Agglomeration U 7 n 15 (a) Mallasa.mlldram (PJ U 3 3 6 (b) Attayyampctti (1') U 3 6 (c) Marulayampalaiyam (p) U 2 2 (d) I>apparapatti (P) U 1 le) Seppaiyapuram (P) U 6. 1iruppur Urban A.gglomeration U 71 89 107 I a) Tirnpl'ur (M) U 40 59 53 (b) Avanashi (Pi U 9 , (c) Tirumuruganpuridi (P) U 9 9 (d) C'hettipalaiyam (P) U 2 11 (ei Velampalaiyam (P) U 7 7 21 (f) Veerapandi (p) U 10 4 5 7. C()imblltore Urban Agglomerati!ln U 224 419 268 (a) Coimootore (M) U 154 325 208 (b) Muthugounden Pudur RailwoY Colony (S. Rly. Admn.) U (c) SUlllf (P) U (d) Pallapalaiyam (P) U (e) Vilankurjchchi (P) U 4 (l) Periyanayakkanralai)am (p) U 1 3 (g) Nara.

73 11-1 Censu~)TNfB4 74

TABLE H-2: DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY

ANNEXE n URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS EXTENDING TO TWO OR MORE TALUKS OF A OISTR[CT

Urban AgglomcrationJTown Urban Totally Totally Totally Dlind crippled Dum'

2 4 5 '

Crnlllbatore Urban Aggll)ftIeratio.r-(Contd.) (I) Kavundampalayam (P) U } I (m) Chinnave{iampatti (p) U 5 5 2 (n) Kurichchi (p) U 2R 23 IS' (ol) Madukkarai (T.S.) U 4 2 1 (p) Vcllalorc{P! U 3 G (q) Perur (P) U 2 jO 8. Coonoor Urban AggloJIIH'at;on U 40 44 34 (a) Colonoor (M) U il 15 17 (b) Jagathala (P) U } 7 4] 'I Cc) Berhatty (P) U 2 4 .. I (d) Wellington (Canlt) U 12 \2 :>1 ee) Hubbathala (P) U ] 2 6: (f) ATavankad(T.S) U 4 21 9. Madurai Urban AggloJlleration U 35Il 258 162 (a) Madurai (M.C.) U 288 216 l45 (b) Samayanallur (P) U 2 8 \ 6 (c) Paravai (P) U i 2 2 (d) Vilangudi (P) U 52 (el Thathaneri (P) U [f) Avaniapuram (P) U 17 3 (g) Thagarajar Colony (P) U (h) Tirunagar (P) U (i) Harvcypatti (T.S.) U I 5 (j) TirupparaJIguuram (P) U 4 9 to. Tutieorin Urban Agglomeration U lIili 177 83 (a) Tuticol'in (M) U 127 132 64 (b) Mullakk~du (P) U I (c) Muttayyapuram (P) U 4 3 (d) Milaviltan (P) U 7 6 (e) Tutic()rin (P) U :; 4 (f) Korampallam (P) U 10 4 (8) AtL:1la.rappatti (P) U 5 I [h) Ayanadaippu (P) U , 2 3 {O Mappilaiurani (P) U 6 J{\ (j) Palayakayal (P) U 11 2

______0 ___ ------~-~------.------.. --- APPENDICES

APPENDIX

INSTRUCTIONS TO ENU~\1ERATORS .FOR I<'ILLING UI> THE HOUSELIST In1roduclion Preparati1Ju or notiunal maps and lay-out skelches Before the cemus of the population is taken in 6. in oHkr to be able to complete the housdist 1981 it is essential to locate and tll identify all places it wOLdd be necessary tll locate and identify the build­ which arc occupied or used or which are .Iikely to b-: ing:; m,ld houso. This (all 0111y be done if you arc occupied or us~d by [)0ople. Th~ hOllst:iJSlmg opera­ thoror.lghly familiar with the area a"igncu to YOI1 for tions ar~ mainly meant lor tim purpos.(; and Iiouse­ llle" operaliuns. The purpose of the laY0ut sketch listing is a .primary btlt important step m the censu,. ~l1d the notional map is cSocll'tially 10 ensure lilal your j urisdicllon is quite clear. Also, us will be seen later, 2. The hOllsciist which is pr(Jposed to he canliuss..:J il is only if a lay-olll skd<:h is prepared that you during the houselislll1g operations is given at the end will be able to allot census house numbers wherever Qf this book. It will be notIced thai the 10; IU IS Il~cesary. The first step, tllerdore, is to prepme the simpre and that it only coJrects certain hasic informa­ notional map and lay-out sketch of the area assign­ tion which will help in forming enumeration blocks ed to you. for the census itself. The houselisl also serves as a frame for the enterprises for which a separate "EnlGf­ NOli{}ual Map prise List" will have to be cll'lllasscd as part of the house listing operations. , 7. The noti()n~ll map, as its wry name indicates is a map which is not drawn to scale. It is prepared 3 The manner in which the: hc;uselisl has to b: for the entire village or urban bbck and is meant (0 and the concepts and: their explanation are co~pleted show the location of each enumeration block within described in detail 111 this book It is absolutely the village Of town. Wh-:thcr it is for a village or esseritial for you to bccon:e .tDoroughly fam~liar. with an LII ban bloL-k, the notional map will have to show these instructions since thiS Job o[ houseltstmg IS an the general topographical details of the entire village extremely important one. A~art from listin\! .of hou­ or urban block. If a survey map is already available ses you will also be coitectmg s~me essenllal data with the village revenue official. the preparation o[ on the physically handicapped whICh are badly wan­ the notional map will be easy because that can be ted for' planning for Ihis disadv:mtagcd group. The copied oui and the topogmrhkaJ details entered. The success of the houselisling operations is very mucfJ tl}pographical d.;tails which should be indicated all dependent on a: thorough understanding .of the. Call: the notional map would include permanent features cepts, definitions and instructions and.. on a faithfUl and landmarks such as the village site, well-knQwn application of these concepts and definitIOns. and your roads, cart tracks, hills, rivers, nail as, etc.. as also following the instructions in the actual filhng of the railway line and similar cleJrly recognisable features. houselist form, If you have any doubts you should [t is important that th<: boundaries of panchayats, not hesitate to ask your Supervisor or your Charge patwaris' circles or halkas or hamlets are distinguj­ Officer for clarification. As a census enumerator you 'ihcd if possible and the names of hamlets should have a great responsi.biJity and. [hen;. is no doubt t~at als(1 be entered wherever they are known by particu­ you will perform thIS task With pnde and devotIon lar names. Fnr the purpose of preparation of the to duty. notional map, you will be provided a separate sheet. 4. The houselisting operations will involve certain Please use this for preparation of the notional map. basic steps which may be briefly summarised as fol­ ,lows:- - S. The notional map will in effect be an outline m~p of the village or urban block. Specimen notio­ (n The preparation of a notional map alld a lay- nal maps Ear rLIral and urban areas may be seen at out sketch of the area assigned to you. Annexes- -A and B. (2) Numbering of buildings and census houses. 9. Tn th~ case of very large villages when there are (3) Filling trp the houselist itself. many blocks, it may be difficult to indicate the out­ (4) Preparation of the llQu~elist abstract. line of the entire village. In such cases, it is Sllffi.-. (5) Filling up the Enterprise List for which sepa­ dent if you show in the notional map the block as­ rate instructions nave been issued to you. signed to you. (6) Preparation of the abstract of the Enterprise Lay-out Sketch Li~t. 10. Having prepared the nOlional map. you would 5. The preparation of the notional mar and the have to prepare (he detailed lay-out sketch of your lay-out sketch is fiTst describe.d ,and lifter that th,' hlllel,- The lay-out ~kelch is in effect a detailed map basic concepts relalm~ to a buIldm~, a census house of tile block assigned to you in which will be shown and the household are indicated. Thereafter. the ac­ tile streets and the buildings on the streets. The tual instmct;Dns with regard 10 filling lip of the m8in purpose of this lay-out sketch is to clearly houselist have been given. present the streets in the block nnd the buildings so 77 78

that. based on the lay-out sketch the (Jper.ations can loosely packed stone, etc. may be treated as Kutchu be carried (JUt. As in the case of the notlOnal map, houses_ in the lay-ont sketch also important topographi~al delails should be shown. This is not a document 13. When .once the location of every builcling or which is drawn to a scale. It is a free hand draw­ hOl;se lS demarcated Oll the sketch it win be a simple ing. In order to be able to draw the lay-out sketch matter to decide on numbering the buiJdings/hDUSCS in one series [allowing certain principles. No hard it would be necessary [or you 10 go around the vil­ ami fast rule call be Jaid down as to the direction in lage or block assigned tn you Sl) that you become which the hlluse numbers should run, i.e., left to familiar with the area, th~ way the streets run and the main topographical features. Having gone around rigllt or in a clockwise order or north-west to south­ east and .m on. Much depends on the lay-out. So t he village ur L)lock, you should start from onc cud long as SUIl1(: convenicnl and intelligible order is fol­ of the VillilgC Of blm:k and draw a sketch. h)weu it should be aJl right. The llumber~ aJlOltcd II is important that the dividing lines betweell one to euell Imuse should be marked 011 the sketch and block and another should be clearly demarcated. S .. H:h wilh the help of arrow marks at cOl1vcni;ont intervals, dividina lines oesick:s following ~(lme natural boun­ the direc1ion in which the-house numbers run should be daries wheft:~er possible shQuld al~o be indicat,d by indicated. This is particularly imporlant when streds the survey numbers that fall [)fl either side l)[ the cu1 across one another and tl1e house nllmbering series dividing line in cadastrally surveyed villages. In vil­ alung a sliee! get interrupted, , It will be of advantage lages which arc not cadastwlly surveyed, the line Ciln If the numbers are roughly marked in pencil on this be indkatecl by the ilame of the owner of the field sketch and l[lt~r verified with the actual state of things on either side of the 1i1lC or by the name of the firld, on ground to see if the order of llumbering given in if any, [he lay-out sketch would be convenient or any change is Hewed, for after all the sketch /is only a rough II. In the lay-out sketch c:vcry single building or one ancl the actual ,tate of buildings on ground may house should be shown. Pucea' and Klt/elw houses suggest a more convenient order Of numbering at must be shown by signs like a squ~'Te I':':' I for H PUCi'a sume places. Hiiving satisQ.cd yuurself that the num­ h()use and a triangle .6 for Kllfcha house further berin1" has gone on right lines you may ink them_ classifying them as wholly or partly residential or Specimen lay-out sketches for rural alld urban areas Wl1011y non-residential by shading as foHows:- may be seen at Annexcs-C and D. Cl- PUC('a houses, whether wholly 0. party res,den-­ 14. Where villages are not cadastrally surveyed and tial the village boundaries nut fixed by survey, it is essen­ tial that the limits of each village are defined by I -I =Pucca houses, wholly non-resident;al some permanent features so that one is sure that any house falling in a particular area may be reckoned j\,,-Kurcha house,. whether wholly or partly residen­ with reference to a particular village. tial. 15. in lhe forest areas. all habitations are not on a settled pattern. There are forest villages which may /~ -Ku{chah()us~s, whnlly It l1-re~:dt:l1l:a\ be just like other revenue villages or maLlzas. For such villages, the normal procedure for preparing lay­ 12. H is difficult to give a comprehensive and de­ out sketches may be followed. But apart from such tailed detinition ot the terms 'Pucca'

, 17. In the case of tea estales, coffee estates, pi3U­ tOWIl, you win he reqlliTed to assign number, to the houses in the lay-out sket<:h(es) (}f your jurisdiction tallOns,. elC., the palkrn .may be shghtly djjJer~nl. You WIJI he well adVlseo to first contact the estate in the manner indicated below. Where a rationalised or. plantatlon authonties, study the pattern of hJhi­ housenumbering system is proposed to be introduced lor the first timc these sketches will greally help the ~atlOn a~d then d.ccide on the lay-out plan and list­ mg llf vIllages. Llstmg of villages of such eslates will authorities. have been done by }\lUr sUFrior officers and a list ';umbering Q{ \}UildiBgs and c~nsus houses in rural may have been prepared already and such village or and urban area ~ vlllages ,asSIgned to you with necessary code number and so on. In that case, your task is easy. YOl! 21. You have to give numbers to 'Buildings' and ?ave ~r:1y 1:0 find out _from the e?tatc or plantation 'Census Houses' in all areas. The instructions given authOrities. the bnundanes of the vll1aj!'e or area allot­ hereafrer will guide you to determine what a building ted 10 you, You should then viSit the area and decide and ~ census house are for the purpose of houselist­ on the lay-out sketch. ing. A building is a readily distinguishable structure or group of structures which is taken as the unit j'OT 18. Urban areas: The preparation of notional maps hOllscnumbcring. The entire buildin<; may be deemed and the hous.enumbering sketches in urban areas one census hOUBC or sometimes part of it, as will be should essentlaJly follow the same pI'Dcedllfe as il1 explained. Tlte objective i.1 to u/rimately number and the rural areas except that in most IIrhan llnit~ the Ih,t 011/ all physical Imil~' of comffllctiolls which are draughlsman of the Municipal AdministratioG mioht u.fed fo!' rlifkrenl purposes, re.liderllial or otherwise. have already prepared town maps perhaps even'" to scale, and these may come in extremely hand)'. It 22. Building: A buildin~ is g-!nCfil1ly a single stru­ has been found froJ? experience that th~ boundaries cture on the ground. Some(ime~ it is made UJl of more of towns are often .t1!l't's loosely defined and not pro­ than one coml'onent unit which are used or Iik~ly to perly Ijemarcated glV1''lg rise to several doubt., H'Qard­ be used as dwellings (residences) or establishments ~ng the areas lying on the ollllskirts of towns. It is such as shoJls. business houses, offices, factories, work­ llnporta~t that the map should ',Icry clearly imlila:e the shollS, worksheds, schools, places of entertainment, bollndanes by means of dcfinit6 survey numbers and places of wor~h;p. godowns. slores, etc. It is also possible also other permanent fe.at~res. Sometimes, one side that buildings which have <:omponent units may be of the :oad may fall wlthm the town limits and the used for a cOfllbination of pmpose& such as shop-cum­ other SIde gel excluded as it may be outside the residence, workshop-{:um-residence. office-cum-resi­ defined boundary 'of the town. All these points should dence. etc. be care~ny verified OCt the ground before the maps a_rc certdier employees. Each sllch structure should be treated as a separate build· 29. A 'Census House' is 8 building or part of a ing. H such buildings have a number of lIats (lr f}Ltilding having a separate maiJl' fntraw:e fwm the: blocks which arc independent of one another baying road or common courtyard'cr staircase, etc., 11.~ed Or separate entrance from a common courtyard or stair· ri'u;gnisl'd (IS a Sf'paTc!'fe 1111 it. It may be occupied cuse and occupied by different households, c(ich such fiat or vacant. It may be used for a residential or non­ or block should be c{lnsielered as il separate census r~sidential purpose or bOlh. ~u~ . 30. If a huilding has a number of fiats or blocks which are independent 01 one another having sepa­ 26. Usually a structure will have lour walls and a rate entrances of their own from the road or a com­ roof. Eut in some areas the very nature of construc­ mon staircase or a common courtyard leading to a tion of houses is sLich tbat there may not be any wall. main gate. they will be considered as separate cellSllS For example, a conicn! roof almost touchcs the gro· houses. If within a large enclosed area there are se· und :md an entrance is ahD :provided and there will parate buildings owned by different persons then each not be any wall as such. Such structures should be such huilding should be treated as one or more sepa­ treated as buildings and census 110uses as thoe case rate buildings. You may come across cuses where may be, within all enclosed compound there" may be separate buildings owned by an undertaking or company or 27. If there is more than one structure within an even government, actually in! occupation of different enclosed or open compound (premises) belonfl,ing to persons. For example, I.O.C co!?ny where the buil? the same person, e./?, the main hO\lse, the servant's ings are owned by the Corporation ;but these ,,;re. In quarters, the garage, etc .. only one building number occupation of their employe~s. Each such bmldmg should be given for this group and each of the cons­ should be reckoned as. a separate building.' But if in tituent separate structures assigned a sub-number like anyone of these buildings there be flats in occupa· l(l}, 1(2), I (3) and so on provided these structures tion ot different households" each such fillet should be sntisfy the definition of a 'Census House' .given here· treated as a sepal'ate census house. after. 31. It may he difficult to Hpply the definition of 28. The buildings should be nllmbered as follows: -- census house sh:ictly in certain cases. For example. in an urban arda, a flat bas five rooms, each room (i) If in as village the locality consists of anum· having direct entrance to the common staircase or ber of streets, the buildings in the various courtyard. By definition this has to be treated as streets should be numbered continuously. nv~ emS'llS houses. If all these five rooms are occu­ Streets should be taken in uniform order from pied by a singh: household it is not realistic to treat north-west to south·east. It has been observed them as five census houses. In such a ca~e 'single· that the best way of numbering the buildings ness' of use of these rooms along ,with the main is to continue with (lne consecutiw serial on house should h~ considered and the entire fiat shculd one side of the street and complete numbering be treated as one census bouse. On the other hand, on that side before crossing oyer to the end if two independent households occupy these five of the olher side of the sl!'eet and coni inuing rooms. the first household living in 3 rooms and the with the seriaL stopping finnlly opro~ite to second hOl;sehold occupying 2 rooms,' then ccnsider­ where the first number began. jng the lise the first three rooms together should be (ii) In a town/city enumeration hlock, the num· treated as ()JlC census house and the remaining rooms bering will have to run along the axis of lhc 3S an{lther census house. But if each room i! occu· street and not in an y arbitrary geogra phic31 pied hy an independent household then each such direction. room should be treated as a separate cemm house,

(iii) Arabic numerals, i.e., 1, 2, 3...... etc. should be 32. In the case of hostels. hotels. etc. even if the used for building numbers. door of each room in which an inmate lives opens to (iv) A building under construction, the roof of a common verandah. staircase, courtyard or a com· which has heen completed should be given a man room, as it happens almost invariably, the en­ number in the serial. tire hoslelfholel buildin[ sh0uld be treated as one census house. But if such hostelslhotel'\ have out­ (v} If a new building either PrlCca or Krd(ho is houses or other structures used for different purposes found after the housenumbering' has been com­ or the'same purpose then each such stmcture att8ch­ pleted or in the midst of bUIldings already e(] to the main hostel/hotel should be treated as a nU!ll1lered, it shoulrl he given a new number ~eparatc census house and will be given ~ub·nllm· whit'h may b,'ar a sub-number of the adjacent hi'r~ of the mRin huilding. building number, e.g., 10/1 .. 33. In some parts of the cOllntry. in mrsl areas. NOTE: These should not be numbered 8' 10(1) or 10(2), etc .. the pattern of habitation is such that a !trooo of huts '" such 1lumb.cring would apply to cellSUS houses within lnC.1ted in a comJl()und, whether enclosed or unen· the same building. On th~ oll'cr hand. 10n \\'ou1<1 me:m a sep8rak bu;lding rlId fws corne up ~ficr huild· closed. is occupied bv <'ne household. While the iUIN() 10, m:tin residence mav be Il1cated in one hut other ~I

hUls may be used for sleeping, as a kirchen, bath For census purposes each one of these types is regard •. room, baithak, etc. Though each of the huts is a ed as a "Househo!d". separate structure, they form a single housing unit and, therefore, have to be treated collectively as a 39. If a group of persons who are unrelated to eae? single census house. If some of the huts are used' by other live in a census house but do not have thm ('ne household and the others by a second household meals from a common kitchen, then they would not as residence, then the two groups of huts should be . C.oDstitute au institutional household. Each sllch per· treated as sep-!ll"ate censllS hOllscs. However, if there son should be treated as a separate household. The arc also other huts in the compound used for other important link in finding out whether there is a house· purposes and not as part of the household's residence. hold or not is a common kitchen. such as. cattle-shed, workshed. etc. they shGuld be treated as separate census houses. 40. Each household will be listed according to tht instructi$ that follow and a distinguishing number 34. It is also possible that a household uses another allotted t(J. each household. As each household will structure, e.g.. a baithak. separated from the main be related' to the physical structure of a census rouse. residence by some distance or by other structures or the household number as such need not be painted by a road. In such cases. it may become necessary on the door of each censu~ house. Only the building to treat thaI separate structure used as baithak as a and census house number will be painted. separate census house. HOiI!irelisting 35. It is usual to find in municipal towns and 41.After the preparation of the notional housenum­ cities that every site whether ,1:IuiIt upon or nol is bering maps and the numbering of the houses. the next numbered by the municipal authorities an property ~tep is to list them in a prescribed schedule, namely. basis. Such open sites, even if t4ey are enclosed by the h,Ouselist. . a compound wall, should not be ]jsted for census purposes. ' Only cases where a ~tructure with rear 42. At the 1981 census, a houselist form will be has co-me up should be treated fl,S a census house canvassed on universal basis. Specimen form of the and liSfed. But in some areas t}).e very nature of schedule to be so canvassed is given as Annexe-:-E construction of houses is such that there may not be at the end of this book. any wall. For example. a oonical rqof almost touches the ground and an entrance is. also provided and 43. The instructions given below will 'lUide you in there' will not be any wall as such. Such structures filling up th~ huuselist. should of course be treated as buildings and census hous~s and numbered and listed. 44. On the top of the houselist form, provision is made to note the name of the State with Code No" 36. Pump house~, temples and other similar struc· District with Code N<1.. name of Tebsil/TaJuJ;:af tures must also· be numbered and given ccns1lS house Police Station/Development Block/CirCle and its. numbers. These are places: where peopJe can also Code No .. name of Village/Town and iJs Code No~ n'tme or No. of Ward/Mahana/Hamlet and· live. Obviou~ly, such structures need not he num· bered if they are so small that no person call live in Enumerator's Block No. These entries whi.:h will be them. referred to fiS "Location Code" hereafter are to be' lilled in bv you very carefully. The Location Code is the method by which every village or town in any 37. Each census house should be numbered. If a tellsil or police station in every district of a sta~e building by itself is a single census house. then the is identified by a combination of numbers. For tins number of the census house will be thc Harne as the purpose every state, district, tehsil or pclke staticlD, building number. But if different parts (1r constituen1 villal!e or town. wanl!mohalla/harnlet and enumera· units of a building qualify to be treated as separate tor' s~ block in your Rtate would have been allotted census houses, each census house should be given code numbers. Your Charge Officer or Supervisor a sub·number within brackets. after the building num· would have indicated to you the state, district, tehsil be" as HI(I). 10(2), etc. or 11(1), 1l(2}, I 1(3). ct~. Of police station and the villao;e or town, war(j/ mohalla/hs!lllet and enumerator's block code numb· Hou5ebold' ers' allotted to you. You will ha!e to enter these numbers in the relevant spaces agarnst the names of 38. A household is a group of persons who com­ the various iurisdictional units. Please note that the monly live together and would take their meal! from lown number is to be given in Romau fimues f:T. 11, a oommon kitchen unless the exigenJ:ies of work pre· m. lV. etc.} to distinguish it tram the village numb· vented any of them from doing so. There may be I'r which wiu be indicated by Arabic numeral~ (1. 2, a household of persons related by blood or a house· 3.4, etc.). You should enter page number of the house. hold of unrelated persons or having a mix of both. list continuously for your block. Exampies of unrelated households are boardinF; hou· ses, messes. hostels, residential hotels, rescue homes. 45. Col. 1: line ~_~Everv line in the Houselist iails, ashrams., etc. These are called "Institutional is to be numbered serially. The serial n~'mbers shoo Households". There may be one member households, uld be conttnuo'ls for your block, _t\rablc numerals 2 member households or mufti·member households, sho(.>ld be u,ed for this P1J!1'Ose, e.g .. 1. 2, 3. 4. etc. 12-1 CeoslIsITN'I84 &2

46. Col. 2: Buililing Na. (municipal or local auth­ are located in one single building: unit. Ih~ manner ority .or census No.)-Some municipal tOWII5 ma:r have in whid! this is clone is indic;atecl below_ 8. sallsfactory system or numbering the buildings and after !)fcparation ot the lay-out sketch, {If yOUI' area, yol.l would have given the same number to the build­ ing lm;ated on the sketch. SI. nuildins No. (Mullic:pal Census. Home No, or lOcal authority or No, Censu~ No.) 47. While preparing the lay-out sketch in the man­ ner described earlier you will have assigned building 2 3 numbers to each of the buildings shown in the lay· out sketch. Whet;e. the numbering system of the munic I 2151 215 dpaJity or local authority is salisfacto·ry. you would 2 216 ~ 216 have adopted it and given these numbers in the lay­ 3 211 J 217 out sketch. In case.~ where this numbering systel" by 4 218 218 the municipality or local authority is not satisfactory. 5 219 21~ you v.:ould have given nu.mbers to the buildings in a sys­ 1 6 2~O ~ 220 tematIc ma!}ner as descrIbed earlier art! it is this num­ 7 221 bering system adopted by you that would have to be in­ 221 I 8 222J 222 dicated in· the lay-out sketch. Of COurse, you might ------~------have had to merely uJldate or revise th:! numbering system that already exists in some cases. There can' In the example given. each ouildina consists nf 4 H~L . aI~o be cases where no numbering system existed ear­ lieL In these cases you wuuld have n~mbered the buildings and .assigned them numbers in the lay-out 51. Col.. 3: Coo'us lIo:U~ N~~-Whllt is a c~asus sketch. Where the numbers in any of the systems house has already been. described in detail ear­ lier. To recall the de.fjnilion a cel)sus house is a have not been inditated on the buiJdiU);s ih~mselves, you would.: also have painted them as mentil'ned· ear­ structure or part of a structure willi a separate lier. Irrespective of the situation. you would have enrrance which may he inhabited or vacant ilIid which assi!!ned a number to every buildinl! in the lay-,)!lt may be used for any purpose \ly human beings sllch sketch. as dwelling, a ShOPl a shop-cum-dwellin~ a place of wOl:ship or II' place of busines.s. workshop; school. etc.

52. In accordance with the instructinns you wOlild 4ft. The number which bas been assi~ne,I .in .the have i allotted census house number to ;. bidding or lay-out sketch in any of the systems described above to part of a building. If there is only one cen c' and which has already been. put on the b\lildtn'~ ,,:­ house in the building, then the nlllJ1ber of Ine c(.'osus ;.whIch might have been painted by you· on the builcl­ hOl)Be will be the same as the building number. This iug should be .entered in this column. will be repeated in this column. If a building has a. number of flats or blocks which have separ9te en­ trances of and are independent of each 49, Arabic' numerals (e.g .. 1, 2. 3, .. , .. ) should he their own oGler giving on the road or a common staircase or used fO'I' building numbers, In cases wh~re there are numbers already present and painted· or fixed the,e a common courtyard leading to the main gate. they instructions naturally will not apply: These instruc­ will be considered as. separate cens11.S houses. If all elK' muc:tures within all enclose.d compo:mJ a"e tuge­ tions wlll 312ply entirely denending on local ('irCllm~­ tances. ~ller treated as one building. tben .each structure with a separate entrance should be treated. as a separate census he· lise. The order in which census houses 50-. In. many, cases there may be large colonies or within a buildin~ should be numbered,. should be con­ olocks -orf' flats where oontin'llOOs serial numberin!! has lim],)us, preferably clockwise Of :in any conveITien~ bC(.n· adopted by the local authorities. Stflctty sneak­ manner if at aU ii is difficult to do it clhckwi~e. ing, e~;l 'building in which there may be a set of fiats should be given a building number and lhe 53. Sometimes. a building which may forffi' a single flats themselves given ccnsus house numbers. How­ s.Lructure may be occupied in its different parts or ,ever; local authorities may have numbered the fiat~ suites or rooms' Of even some singl~ rooms by different continuousl.)' without, reference to the ·eparate build­ householtls. Those individual parts arc likely. to have ij1~' Such situations exist in Delhi. Madras, Born· separate entrances from a common verondan; stair. bay_ et{;. and' in, official colonies. In sllch cases we case Or a couriyard: 'f.herr each C'f, these pam would' need, not change the numbering sy~tem and may assume the cha/-acter of a separate census house. adopt it a~ such. In such cases you will obviously have to e-nter the same number in columns 2 and 3 54. The census hallOO number to be noted in this of t~ houselist sin;;e a separate building number is column will be the same as the buitding number al­ now Rot, being; givel1. Howewr, to ensnre that .111 ready noted in ,column 2, if the building is by itself buildings; have- been covered; you shouk! pnt a·l>m('k~t a single ()ensu~ bouse, But if the building is made up in column· 2 encloging all those· flat numbers which of po!1l.i(ms each ofwhicl1 hai; been treated as a ~1e b3 celiS us huuse according tu the definitio'U, then ~ach Qf ( I0 l Place of worship, etc.: these celisus houses will bear the building number with a Exumples-Tcmpk cllurch, mosque, gnrd- separate sub-uumOOr in brackets for eacb census. house, wara, etc. e.g., 9(1), 9(2) ...... 12(1), 12(2), 12(3) ...... etc. (11) InStitutions: NoIB : You ,h()uld n"t ill

as wt: notiL:cd In soni~ paIls of the counlry him~ 70. You will notice that the IIOIH:e~·idelltjai uses earlier, there are baNhak$ or sanghois which some of Ihis particular DOuse are entered in separate lines. !jm~~ hav~ to be considered as separate census houses 111<: numbers Shawn against the 'ShOP' and 'clinic' in are only by hOusehold for but· which used the sleep. this example will be toe serial number of the enter. ing er sitting, etc. No enterprise is carried on in such prise in your block. If for instance, in this census a census house and therefore, details of baithah or hOuse only a clinic or a workshop was being run, sangilois need not be entered in the enterprise list. then you would have obviously lJ.SCd only one line. Similar examples cens-us houses where wlll not be It is in the cases where enterpri~ are Iun in com. considered as having all enterprise would be a garage, bination with or without residence house, passenger shelter, etc. in a census that you would have 10 use more than one we as 67. If the activity of an enterprise extends beyond indicatcq in the example. You will find lile premise:> of a single census house to a grQup of more examples illustrating how you should make contiguous houses, then the entire group of census these entries in the Anucxc-G at the end of tnis. houSes could. be regarded .as a single enterprise and book. the census houses in which (his enterprise is carried 7 j. CoL 5 : HOUMlhold No.-;--A 'Household' is a on should be bracketed together in column 4 to indio group of persons who commonly live together and cate that lilt these relate to .a ~ingle enterprise. But would take .their meals from a common kitchen unless if difi'tlrent activities of an enterprise are carried on the exigencies of work prevented any of lhem from in different census houses cut off from one another doing w. It may be made up of related or un.relat. then each such census house ._yill have to be treated ed persons. or of mixed type. A cook or a servant as a separate enterprise and de,ails recorded in the living in the Mal>C of his employer and taking his line in which this census house is futcred. food there is part of that houseb.old. A hostel where 68. The use to whicll 'a censu~ hQuse is· put should a number of un·related persons live together is an be enquired into thoroughly so ,that n? . enterpriSe is institutional household provided it has a common missed, This is particularly im~rtant lU cases wb.ere kitchen. So also is a jail. tile l\ptis~ is partly residential. 'f,Iowever, please note 12. There can be a household No. in column 5 that only the enterpr-ise carried. on. ill the cel!sus house only if you have noted in column 4 that the census which you are enumerating Wln ~e noted 1U column house is wholly or partly residential. There cannot 4. boO an entry in this column in a caSe where the cen· 69, You must note the way ill which you will have SI.IS hOl.lse is wholly non-residential. 10 indicatl..' the purpose f()t which the census. house is used in this column. If a census house IS used B. Th~re may be more than one household in a only for residential purposes then only ~me line need cel1sl1s house. Each household should be given a be entered in this c()lumn. However, If a census separate number. This can be done by using the al· house is wholly or partly non·residential, you must phabets (a), (b), (c). etc., .as sr;ffi_xes to the Census enter the uses to which it is put in one line and then House No. For example. If buddmg No. 2 IS a cen· lise the bubsequeut line or lines to describe the acti· sus hous~ and has three households, the household vitv or activities which are carried on in this census numbers will be lea), 2(b) and 2(c). If building num. bouse. Please note that the serial number of the en· ber 4 hah two census houses, these' houses will be terprise will have to be noted within brackets agaj~st numbered as 4(1) and 4(2). If wjthin these houses each such activity starlin" from the very first enterpnse there are respectively 3 and 2 households then they in your block For e~ample. !f. there is a. census will be numbered as 4(1) (n), 4(1) (b), 4(1) (c) and (b) house in which a shop and a chn.tc are ':Iln. III oo~· 4(2) (a) and 4(2) respectively. If however, build· bination with residence, the entries begmmng WIth ing No. 3 is a census house and has only one !louse· column 1 would be as illustrated below. hold the housebold No. tl} be entered in ihis column will be Na. 3 only. Line Building Census Purpose for which census 74. You will notice how the numbering of the No. No. house house is used(if wholly or building. the census houses and the households are (municipal No. partly non-residential fill closely linked. This link is best illustrated by an or local Enterprise Lists) exampJe as follows:- authority or census Building Census House- N(),) No. house hold ~ ______2 ______3____ ~. 4 ______No. No. 10 430 430(1) Residence·cum-shop:cum­ 2 3 4 clinic 1. Building No.9 having one 11 --- Shop (6) census house and no house- 11 Clinic (7) hold 9 9 ]3 430(2) Bakery-cum-flour mill 2. Building No.9 having one 14 Baker), (8) census house a.nd One IS Flour mill (9) household 9 9 9 . ------"------.86

Building Census HOlL'!e- 79. Col .. 7: Js tile household engagltd i. an enter­ No. h JU,( hold prhe ODrsade this cenns hOose slid wMtout pr~? No. No. if yes, fiJI Entetprise List_you wilt recall that in ... the dennition of an enterprise. it bas been mentioned 2 .> 4 that an enterprise can be canried on outside the cen­ sus house. and witho~t premises (Please see para j. Building No. " having One 59). TblS column 18 meant to' identify such enter­ censUs house a.~~d twu 9 9 9(') pnses. h. uSfhold:; 9(b) 80. There may be ,cases where ::l household lives in 4. tJu,Jd ng No.9 uav,,,g two a census house an~ is engaged in some activily. i.e .• in census h, uses and one ~n ellterprl~e outSIde. the cllns_us house in which they 9(1) household (3ch. 9 9(1) h~e ~nd thiS enterprIse may Itself not be carried on 9(2) 9(2) withm some othe: hOllsc. This column is meant to 5. Building No.9 bav ng twu record such cases. You wiU notlce that if a bouse­ censuS ftL·u cover': in column 7 is' .<.itua­ more than one census house. the building number t~OIl where a household carries :on an enterprise out­ should not be repea,ed in the subsequent lines (please Side the census house in. which it lives and this enter­ prise is not carried ·Oll· within ·any \premises. Such • example above). If a census house cC'ntains more see examples could be brick-m~king, pottery. rope-mak­ thanooe household, the census nouse number should mg III the open, cyc]e-reI?allJl1g a~d shoe-repairing on not oe repeated III the subsequent lines in column 3. pavem;;;nts, hawkers, fishmg, scJlmg of \ newspapers etc. / . 76. C~I. 6: Name ofthe head of h~BSehold.-The name (]f (he head of each household should be writ­ 81. In such cases. where a household lives in the !en. The head of the housebold for census purpose:; cem\us hous~ bt:illg covered by you. bul I..

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4 6 1 434 434 Temple-cum-re~ldenee 434 "araj'\ln Sharma 2 Temple (I) 3 435 435(1) Schol)l-~wu-n.sill"nce 435(1) Devdao .. School (2) 5 Callts from such !l. disability. houoebolll, indicat() the number of such pmons in the 91. Thi-s is l!. vers sel\sitive Question. You have_ appropriate column. therefore, to be' ver.., ool1te and tactf\11 :in askillg thi~ (fues'ion. YO)] should no! try to fifid, Ollt the nam~ 88. The logs of arms or legs or all tne fnur limbs of the plwsically handicanoed. Onl,· the number of reiers to loss of both tbe arms or loss of both the tle~"I1~ who. ~re' '101~lIv hl:llo' or 'ioially, dumb' or legs, It i& fl{)t nece~~ary that the disabled should have 'total]" crinnl~dl. are to be determined., [ost both; ann! ancr leg~. The Ims of eithe- ot tb:ese; i.e., both' anm or both' legs would be rntl\cienr for 1)2. CoL 14 : llemarb-1'biJ ",ill' l)1OVide suace classification as totally crippled. Please note that i()l' any useful or significant information about the 'buil~­ loss of only one linn and I Of one leg wiU not classify ing, census Muse, cel1GUS hQU!:ehnld and other part'· 88

cula~s r~garJiD~ the building inventory. Thill will Cols. 3-8 : Number l)i cen~ hOUtieb by uee.-Tl).e proVIde mterestmg facts regarding observations made purpose for which a census house is used wiII have during the houselisting operations. been noted by you in column 4 of the houselist. 93. If there is an entry in column 4 as 'vacant' you The figures for .columns 3. 4 and 6 of the abstract have also (0 record the reason such as 'dilapidated'. will have tl) be got by you by carefully adding up 'under repair', 'incomplete construction', 'want of te- the different uses 10 which cenSUs houses are put from 0[[01', etc., in tllis column. Also make a note in this column 4 of the houselist. YOu will have noted cen­ coLumn of likely places where houseless persons can &US houses by use as only residential. partly reSiden­ be found. tial. vacant if not being used and census houses which a!'e "not used at all wholIy or partly as residence but G~nf'l'31 have other uses such as w()rksbops, etc. You will have 94. Total of columns 3, 5 and 8 to 13 will have to to separately add the census houses falling iIlto each be struck for each page of the Houselist. The man­ of these categories from column 4 of the houselist and ner in which the' total is to be struck "as been explain­ enter them separately under columns 3, 4 and 6 of ed in the foot-note of the Houselist form. However, the houseHst abstract. this is recapitulated below. Columns 5 and 7 of the houselist abstract are just (a) The total of census houses in column 3 wilt be totals and should present no difficulty. the number of entries for each page. For example, if Please note that if in a census house there is more the entrics in this column are A21l00, A2/10I (I), than one household, there' is still only one use to A2/101(2), A2/102, A2fI03(l), A2n03(2). A2/103 which this census house is, put namely, "Residential" (3). A21104 and A2j 105, then the total for this page and vou should take carer to see that no dupIfcate would be 9. couniing takes place due to any . confusio~ between {b) For total in column 5. if the entries are A2jlOO, census house and househo7ds. A21 101 (1)(a I, A21101(1)(b), k2j 102, A2/l03(1)(a}, Col. 8 : Census )rouses putlto oth~r uses!(CoI. 2 minus A2/W3(l)(b). A2/I03(21, A2f W4 and A2/105. then COl!. 1.-This column refers to c~nsus house put to the total number of households in this column will other uscs. The figure to, be noted here will be deriv­ be 9. ed by subtracting column 7 from cmjlmn 2. (cl For columns 8, 9 and 10, there should be 110 Col. " : Total IIllmber of hO'I~bOld9.·--This figure difficulty. It will be a simple 10tal for each column will be Obtained from the 10tal at the bottom of separutely. column 5 of t,he houselist. . . \ (d) Under columns 11 to 13 you will have to give Cols. 10--15 : Total: JlO)mladon-To~1 number of the number of hBndicn flped persons under each cate­ handkappe-il persoDs.-Under each of these columns gory. please enter the page total under corresnonding co­ H ouselist Abstrllct lumns. i.e .. columns 8 to 13 of the housc1ist. 97: Certain specimen entries of the houselist and 95. After filling thc entries in the Iiouselist, i.e., the houselist abstract are a1 Anne~es·-G and H of 8fter completing houselisting for your entire block, you have now to prepare a Houselist Abstract so these instructions. that certain figures of the number of census houses, 98. You should prepare a duplicate set of the households and other particulars collected in the heuselist form giving all the Jl3!!es and entries and houselist are easily available. The specimen form of !;ubmit both the copies to your Supervisor along with the Houselist Abstract is given at Annexe-F at the the Houselist Abstract. Tt. is enough if one copy of end of these instructions. the houselist abstract is prepared. 96. There should be no difficulty in preparing the 99. Plea8e do not forget to note on the notional obstract but so that you have no doubt on the matter. map. the lay·out sketch, and (lD cach oage of the certain indications as to how the abstract should be houselist and of the l10uselist abstract relevant location prepared are' given here. Tn particular, you are- re­ particulars of vour block which will be SllD"lied to Quested to carefullv. read the instructions regarding you by your Charge OfficeI; Or Supervisor. The loca­ filling {)f columns 3 to ~ of the houselist abstract tion particulars must include the details from the which relate to the number of census hOl1ses on the State down to your block. hnsis of the use to which they are put. 100. After you have completed the hOl1selisting ope-, COl'. 1 : Pa~ Nil_ of hOUSetilst.-You will recall that rations of your block, you must have with you the YOll must number each page of the houselist, and following documents:- you will have to arrange them setially. The page (a) Lay-out sketch number recorded by you will be noted one below (b) Notiou\ll map the other. (c) HouseHst fmms, pinned together (2 sets) Cot Z : Total No>. or ceJ1SU8 houses (from Col. 3 0{ (d) Housellst abstract lwureJist\'-As mentioned in the heading itself, this (e) Enterprise Lists, pinned together figure will be obtaining from column 3 of the house-· list. Please note that in the houselist itself you have (f) Abstract of Enterprise List. to total ul) entries in column 3 and enter the total Please hatld these over to your Supervisor along with at the bottom at each pa!!C. Please check this total and all unfilled forms. Instructions on this mater will carry it over to the abstract. he issued t6 you by your O1arge Offi-cer also, 89

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"Factory" means any premises including the precincts (ii) pumping oiL water, sewage or any other subs­ thcrcof- tance; or (i) whereon tell or more workers are working, or (iii) generating, transformillg or transmitting power; were working Oll any day oE the preceding or twelve months. and in any part of whicb a (iv) composing types for printing, printing by letter manufacturi'1g proce~s is being carried on with press, lithography. photogravure or other simi· the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on. lar process or book binding; or (v) constructing. reconstructing, repairing. refitting. finishing or breaking up ships or vessels. (ti) whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were· working on any day of the preceding 3. "Power" means electrical energy. or Bny other twelve months, and in any part of whicb a form of energy which is mechanically transmitted and 'manufacturing process is being carried on with­ is not ,generated by buman or animal agency. out the aid of power. or is ordinarily so carried on. . 4. "Worker" means a person employed. directly or by or through any agenl:Y [including a contractor) with 2. "ManUfacturing process" means 3Uy process for-- or without the knowledge of the principal employer. whether for remuneration or not. in any manufacturing (i) 1.Daking, altering, repairing. ornamentmg, finish· process, or in cleaning any part o[ the machinery or lng. packing, oiling. washing. cleaning. break­ premises used for a manufacturing process, or in any ing up. demolishing or otherwise treating or other kind of work incidental to, or connected with, adapting any article or substance with n. view the manu factu ri ng process, or the subject of the manu­ to its usc. sale. transport. delivery or disposal; facturing process but does not include any member of or .the armed forces of the Union,

Description of Ellterprises AGRICULTURE. HUNTING, FORESTRY AND nSHTNG

Livestock ProductioB Grading agricultural and livestock products. Cattle and goat-breeding, rearing, ranching, etc. Horitk\lItural and nursery services. and production of milk, Soil conservation. Rearing of sheep and production of wool. Sci"ntific services like, soil testing, Agricultural services not elsewhere classified (like, Rearing of pigs and other animals. land clearing, land draining, etc.) Rearing of horses. mules. camels and other pack Hunring. Trapp,ng and Game Propagation animals. Hunting, trapping and game propagation for com­ Rearing of ducks, hens and other birds and pro· mercial purposes (other than for sport). duction of eggs. Forestry and Logging Rearing of beeuod production of honey and wax, . Planting, replanting and conservation of forests. Rearing of Silk-worms and production of cocoons Logging felling and cutting of trt:es and preparation and raw sillc. of rough. round hewn or riven logs (including inci­ Rearing of livestock and productiol1 of livestock dental hauling). products not elsewhere classified. Production of fuel (including cbarcoal by burning) by exploitation of forests, Agrico1tnral Services Gathering oE fodder by exploitation of forests. Pest destroying. spraying. j)runing (If inlected ~tem~. Gathering of uncnltivated materials such as gums. resins, lac, barks, herbs. wild fruits and leaves by Operation of irrigation system!. exploitation of forests. Animal shearing and livestock services (other than Other forest products not elsewhere. classified such veterinary services). as munjh. 103 104

FWrlng Production of indigenous sugar. boora. khandsari, Ocean, sea and coastal fishing. gur, etc. from sugarcane and palm juice. Inland water fishing. "Production of common salt. Pisciculture-rearing of fish. . Manufacture of cucua, chocolate and sugar confee­ ttonary, (including sweetmeats). Collection of pearls. conches. shells. sponge and other sea p'oducts. Manufacture of hydrogenated oils, vanaspati ghee, etc. Fishing and allied adivities not elsewhere classified. Mat.'ufacture of other edible: oils and fats, e.g., mus· tllrd 011. groundnut oil, til oil. etc. II1INING AND QUARRYING Tea processing. Coal Minb!g Coffee curing, roasting and grinding. Coal. C:ashcwnut processing like drying. shelling, roasting. Lignite. saltmg, etc. Manufacture of ice. ('lud~ Petroleum and Natural Gas' Manufacture of prepared animal feeds. Crude Petroleum. Manufacture of starch. Natural Gas. Manufacture of palthed rice (pohwa or chira or Metal Ore MiniJg chirva). ' Iron Ore. Manufacture of food prodl.\-cts 1I0t elsewhere classi- fied. ~ Mangal1ese. Chmmite. Manufacture of Bt:~erages, Tohaml 118d Tobaml Bauxite. PrOOocts '. Gold and silver ores. Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits. Copper ore. Wine industries. Lead and zinc ores. I Limenite and Rutile. Malt liquors and mall. Wolfram. Production of country liquor and toddy. Metal ores not elsewhere classified. Soft drinks and carbonated water industries. Tobacco stemming, redrying and all other opera­ Other MlDinI tions which are connected with preparing raw leaf Slone quarrying, c1a y and sand pits. tobacco for manufacture. Chemicals and fertilizer mineral mining (such as soda ash, sulphur, phosphates. nitrates, etc.). Manufacture of bidi. Salt mining and quarrying including crushing, Manufacture of cigars, cigarettes. cheroots and ciga­ screening and evaporating in pans. rette tobacco. Precious and semi-precious stones. Manufacture of chewing tobac(.'D, zarda and snuff. Micll. Manufacture of tohacC{) and tobacco products, not Gypsum. elsewhere classified. Other 111ining not elsewhere classified (asbestos. quartz. talc lilld soap stone. natural abrasives other Manufacture of Cotton Textiles than sand. graphite, etc.). Cotton ginning. cleaning and baling. MANUFACTURING AND REPA1R Cotton spinning. weaving. shrinking, sanforizing, Manufacture of Food Pro1Iucts mercerising and finishing of cotton textiles in mills. Slllughtering, preparation and preservation of meat. Printing, dyeing and bleaching of cotton textiles. Manufacture of dairy products. Cotton spinning other than in mills (charkha). Canning and preservation of fruits and vegetables. Production of khadi. Canning, preserving and processing of fish, crusta- Weaving alJd finishing of cotton textiles in hand­ cean and similar foods. looms. other than khadi. Grain mm producl:li. Manufacture of bakery products. Weaving and finishing of cotton textiles in power­ looms. Manufacture aDd refining of sugar (vacuum pan sugar factories), Cotton te~ti1es not elsewhere classified, 105

Manufacture of Wool, Silk and Synthetic Fibre Tex­ Manufacture of structural wooden goods (including tiles lreated timber) such as beams. posts, doors and win­ WOlll cleaning. baling and pressing, dows (excluding hewing and rough shaping of poles, bolts ami other wood material which is classified Wool spin-ning. weaving and finishing in mills. under logging), . Waul ~pinning and weaving (other than in mills), Dyeing and bleaching of woollen textiles, Manufacture of wooden industrial goods, such as bobbins, blocks, handles. saddHng and'similar equip­ Ma nufacture of w',oL not elsewhere classified. ment and fixtures Spinning, weaving and finishing of silk textiles, Manufacture of cork and cork products, Printing, dyeing and bleaching of silk textiles, Manufacture of woodell furniture and fixtures, Spinning, weaving "nd finishing of other textiles-- synthetic fibres, rayons, nylons, etc, Manufacture of bamboo ami cane furniture and fix· Printing, dyeing and bleaching of synthetic textiles. tures, Silk and synthellc fibre textiles not elsewhere classi­ Manufacture of wo[)d, bamboo and cane products fied. not elsewhere classified.

Manufacture 01' Jute, Hemp and Mesta Tntiles Manufacture of Paper and Paper hoduds and Print­ ing. Publisbing a.ld Allied Ind ustries. Jute and Mesta pressing and baling, Jute and Mesta spinning and weaving, Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper board inclu­ ding newsprint. Dyeing, printing and bleaching of jute textiles_ Preparing, spinning, weaving and finishing of hemp Manufacture of containers and boxes of paper and and .other coarse fibres. " paper board. Manufacture of jute bags and other jute textiles n01 Manufacture of pulp prooucts n[)t elsewhere classi­ elsewhere classified. fied like dolls,

Mlaoufadure o( Textile Products (jr.cJuding wearing Manufac1ure of paper and paper board articles not apparel other thau footwear) elsewhere classified, Knitting mills., Printing and publishing of newspaper. Manufacture of all types of threads. cordage. ropes, Printing and publishing of periodicaJs, books, jour­ twines. nets, etc, nals. atlases. maps, sheet music directories, etc, Embroidery and makiJ1g of crapes, laces and frin­ Printing or bank notes. currency notes~ postage ges, stamps; security presses, etc, Weaving carpt:ls, rugs and oth<:r similar textile pro­ Engraving, etching, block making, etc. ducts. Book-binding. Manufacture of all types of textiles. garments in­ Printing, publishing and allied activities not else­ cluding wearing apparel. where classified I ike envelope printing, picture post Manufacture of rain coats, hats. etc. card printing. embossing, etc. Manufacture of made up textile goods (except gar· Manufacturing of Leather and Leather and FOI Pro­ ments) such as curtains. mosquito nets, etc, ducls (except Repair) Manufacture of water proof tGtiles such as oil Tanning, currying, finishing. embossing and japan­ cloth, tarpaulin, etc, ning of leather. Manufacture of coir and coir products. Manufacture of footwear (excluding repair) except vulcanized or moulded rubber or plastic footwear. Manufacture of textiles not elsewhere classified like linoleum, padding. wadding. upholstering, fdling, etc, Manufactme of wearing apparel like coats, gloves. etc. of leather and substitutes of leather, Manufacture of Wood and Wood Products, Furniture Manufacture of leather CDnsumer goods (other than and Fixtures apparel and footwear). Manufacture of veneer, plywood and their producl~, Scrapping, currying. tanning. bleaching and dyeing Sawing and planning of wood (other than plywood) of fur and other pelts for tbe trade. Manufacture of wooden and cane boxes, crates. Manufacture of wearing apparel of fur and pelts, drums, barrels and other wooden containers, baskets ManuEactun: of fur and skin rugs and other articles, and other rattan. bamboo. reed and wiJ[ow waves made entirely or mainly of cane, rattan, reed, bamboo Manufacture of leather and fur products not else- and willow. where classified, 15-1{CensusITN/84 106

Manufacture of Rubber, Plastic, Petroleum and Coal Manufacture of asb':stos. c~ment and other cement Products . products.

Tyre and tube industries. Manufacture of miso;;eIlancous non-Illelallil,; mineral Manuf8cture of footwcnr mRlk primarily of vUl­ products such as sl<'te products, abrasives. graphite canized or moulded rubber. rlOducts. mineral wOIlI, silica products and other non­ rnclallic mineral produl-iS not elsewhere classified. Manufacture of rubber prodlJctR not elsewhere classified. Basic Metal and Alloys Industries Manufacture of plastic products not elsewhe"e clas­ sified (except house fUTlIishing). Iron and steel industries. Petro]cum refineries. Foundaries for casting and forging iron and steel.

Manufacture uf prod uets of p~troleum not elsewhere Manufacture of ferro-alloys. classified. Copper manufacturing, Production of coaltar in coke ovens. Brass manufacturing. Manufacture of other coal and coaltar products Aluminium manufucLUring. not e1scwllere classified. Zinc manufacturing. ! Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products (except Products of Pelroleum and Coal} Other non-ferrous metal industries. Manufacture of basic industrial organic and inor­ ganic chemicals and gases such as acids, alkalies and Manufacture of Metal Products and ~arts e(lcept Ma­ their salts. gases like acetylene. oxygen. nitrogen. etc. chinery and Transport Eqnipment . Manufacture of fertilisers and pesticides. Manufacture of fabricated· metal produ~ts such as metal cans from tm-plate, terne plate or' enamelled Manufacture of paints, varnishes and lacquers. sheet metal. metal shipping containers. barrels. drums. Manufacture of drugs and medicines. kegs, pails, safes. vaults. cll\lmelJed sanitary and all other fabricated ,metal products not elsewher(l: classi­ Manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics, lotions, hair r,cd. dressing, tooth pastes. soap in any form, synthetic detergents. shampoos, shaving products, cleansers, Manufacture of structural metal products. washing and scouring products and other toilet 11re­ Manufacture of furniture and fixtures primarily of para lions. metal. Manufacture of inedible oils. Manufacture of hand tools and genera.l hardware. Manufaclure of lurpe!ltine. synthetic resins, plas­ Enamelling. japanning. lacquering, galvanising, plat­ tic materials and synthetic fibres like nylon, terylene ing and polishing of mdal products. except glass. Manufacture of metal utensils, cutlery and kitchen­ Manufacture of matches. ware. Manufacture of explosives and ammunition and fire Manufacture of metal products except machinery works. and transport equipment not elsewhere classified, like Manufacture of chemical products not elsewhere tyJ:\efounding. classified (including photo-chemicals. sensitised films and paper). '1anuta~lure of Machmery, Machine tools and parts except Electrical Machinery Manufac~ of non-Metalic Mineral Products Manufacture of agricultural machinery and equip­ Manufacture of struetura I clay products. ment ami parts. Manufacture of glass and glass products. Manufacture and J~pair of urills. coal clltting machi­ nes, earth moving, lifting and hoisting machinery, Manufacture of earthenware and earthen pottery. cranes, conveyors and road. rollers and other heavy Manufacture of china-ware and porcelainware. machinery and equipment used by construction and m ining·ind ustries.l Manuraetun: of cement, lime and plaster. Manufacture of prime movers, boilers and steam Manufacture of mica products. generating plants such as diesel engines and parts. Manufacture of structural stone goods, stone dres­ sing and stone crushing and stoneware. Industrial machinery for fllod :I:1d textile industries, Manufacture of earthen and plaster statues and llldusllial maL-hinery for other than food and tex­ other products. tile industries, 107

ManufRcture (if refri~cr3tors, airconriitioners, and ,\lauufaclure of Tra~lWrt Equipment and Parts fire fighti11g equipment and other parts, components and accessories, Ship building anri n:pairing. Mqnufacture of Locumotlves and parts . . Mar,lfactu,:c, llt~r2lior and repair of g..:ncral ikms 01 nUll-electrical madlncry, components, equipment Manuf'KtUJ\: of Railway wagolls and coaches and al1(1 accessori~s not elsewhere classifi~d, e,g., manu­ parts. facture and repair of size reductiOIl equipment like pCl11agraph, mapograph, d,·., crushers. conveyors, Manufacture of other rail-wad <:quipmenL b~cket elevators, ship hoist ,ranes, derricks, etc" Manufacture or Illulol vcllick, amI parts, mixers and r... acturs, centrifugal machines, driers etc., power driven pumps, etL' .• air gas compressors and Manufacture of motor cycks .md scooters and vacuum pumps (excluding eb:trical furnaces) etc. pans. Manufacture of mdciJinc tools, thdr parts and ac· MUllllfacture of bicydcs ami cycle-ric~haws and cessories. parts. Manufacture of ollke computing and accounting Ma nufacture of aircrafts and its parts. machinery and purts. Bullo<:k·carts, push·carls, hanel-carts, etc. Manufacture and repair of non-electrical machinery. equipment, components and accessories-not elsewhere Mmlllfacturc oC transpurt equipment and palis not classified, such as sewing machines, automatic mer­ elsewhere r18ssitied. chandisill,fl macbines. washing, laundry, dry·cleaning and pressing mach ine~, cooking ranges and ovens, other Other Manufacturing industries service industry machines, 'arms and armament, etc, ManufaClUI\ of medical, surgical alld scientijic equipment. Manufactnre of Elecmcal .', Machinery, Apparalus, Manufacture of photographic alld optical goods Appliances and SnpPlies anil Parts , [cx.cluding photo chcl11icals~ ,2nsit;scd paper and film). \ Manufacture of electrical ittdustrial machinery and apparatus and parts (such as electrical motors. gene­ Manufacture of watches and clocks. rators. transformers, electro-magnetic clutches and Manufacture of jewellery and relaled artides. brakes etc.), Minting of coins. Manufacture of insulated wires and cables. ManuCacture of sports and athletic: goods. Manufacture of dry and wet btteries. Manufacture of musical instruments. Manufacture of dedrkal apparatus appliances and Manufacture of stationary articles like fountain their parts such as lamps, bulbs, tubes, sockets, swit­ pens, pencils. pens, pin cushions, tags, etc" nIlt else­ "hes, fans, insulators (except porcelain), eOlllludors, where classified. irons, heaters, shavers, vacuum deaners, etc., exclu­ ~,Iallufacturc of misceIJancous products not else­ ding repairing. wPI,re classified such as coslume jewellery, costume Manuf~cture of radio and television transmitting novelties, feathers. plumes. artiftcial flowers, brooms, and receiving sets including transistor. radio sets, brushes, hmp shades, tobacco pipes, cigarette hold­ sound reproducing and recording equipment includ­ ers, ivory gaDus, baelges, wigs ancl similar articles. ing tape reeO! ders, public address systems, gramo­ phone records tind pre· recorded magnetic tapes, Repair wire and wireless, telephone and tdegrapb equipment. Rcpu ir of footwear and Diller leather goods. signalling and detection equipment and apparatus. radar e'luirment and installations; parts and sup­ Electrical repair shops. plies specially used for electronk apparatus classified Re~air of motor: vehicles and motorcycles. in this group. Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery, Manufacture and repair of Radiographic X-ray apparatus and tubes and parts. Repair of bicycles and cycle-rickshaws. Repair enterprises not elsewhere classified, Manufacture of electronic computers, control ins­ truments and other equipment. ELECfRICITY, GAS AND WATER Manufacture l)f .:Iectronic components and acces­ Electricity sories not clscwhl:r~ classifkd, Generatioll and transmission of electric energy. Manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatns, appliances and supplies and parts not elsewhere clas­ Distribution of electric energy to household. in­ sified, dustrial and commercial and other users. 10&

Gas and Steam Wholesale trade in anim

Manufacture of gas in gas works and distribution Wholcsuk trade HI stfiiW and fodder. throllgh I1wins to honschold, industrial, commercial and other users. Whmesale Trade in Fuel, Light, Chemicals, Perfnmery Ceramics and Glass ' Water Works and Supply Watm ~upply, if . col1ecti()ll, pllritication and dis­ Wholesale trade in medicines and cht:micals. tribntion of water. Wholesale trade in fuc! and lighting products. CONSTRUCTIONS Whole~ale trad" 'in toikls, perfumery alld cosme- tics. Co nstruction Construction an(1 mqintcnance of buildillgS (inclu­ Wholcsak trade in mdaJ. procl.!iain und glass uten­ sils. crockery and chinaware. ding aerodromes).

Construction and Illaint~llallcc of roaLls. railways, Wholeale Trade in Wood, Paper, Other Fabrics, bridg8s, tunnels. pipe lines, ports. harbours, runways Skins and Inedible Oils etc. Wholesale Trade in pdl(ll, mobil llil and allied pro· ducts. Construuioll and Ilwjlllmano: of (elegraph and telephone llues atld other ~onllnu[Ji<.:ation systems. Wllo1esak tr~de in wuod, cane. bamboo, th:itchcs, ctc. . Construction and maintenance of water-ways and water reservoirs such as bunds, embankments, dams, Wholesale trade in paper and other st~tlOnery goods. ,armIs, tanks. wells. tube-wells, etc. Construction of hydro-electric projects. Wholesale trude in skins, leather and fur, ctc.,

Contruction of industrial plants including thermal Wholesale Trade in All Types of Machine~, Equip­ plants. ment, including Trao.~port and Electrical Equip­ Constrnction not elsewhere classified. ment Wholesak Iradc in agricultural and induslri~l ma­ Aclhitie!l alliedl to COJl~lrucliOn chinery e.B .. J1arv~stors. threshas, sowing machines, Plumbing. etc. Heating and air conditioning ins(allation. lift instal­ Wholesale trade in dcctrlcal machinery and equip­ lation, sound proofing. etc. ment. Setting of tik, marble. brick, glass and stone. Wholesale trade lJl transport and storage .. quip- ment. Plumber works such as fixing o[ doors, windows, panels, painting and decoratillB· Wholesale trade iJl :vi iscellaneous Manufacturing Electrical installation. Wholesale trade in furniture and fixtures. Other activities allied to construction not elsewhere Wholesale trade in rubber and rubber products. :lassified such as fixing of hancipumps. Wholesale trade in honsebold equipment not else- WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADES AND RES­ where classified. TAURANTS AND HOTELS Wholesale trade in building materials. Wholesale Trade (W.T.) iu Food, Textiles, Live Ani­ Wholesale tmde in clocks, eye-glasses and [fames. mals, Beverages and Intoxicants Wholesale trade in cereals and pulses. Wholesale trade in hardware and sanitary equip- ment. Wholesale trade ill foodstuff other than cereals and pulses. Wholesale trade in scientific. medical and surgical Wholc~ale trade in textiles and textiles products, instruments. like an kinds of fahrics, garrn~nls, shhings. Suitings. Wholesale trade in precious metals. stones and and hosiery goods. jewellery. Whok~ale trade in bcvcragc~ other tlum intoxicants, Whoksa1c trade in gODds not elsewhere classified. e.g., aerated water. Wholesale trade ill intoxicants like wines and ]i­ Retail Trade (RT.) in Food and Food Articles, Beve­ qu()r~ including bottling. rages, Tobacco and Intoxicant.s Wholesale trade in intoxicants like opium, ganja. Grain lind grocery store. etc. Wholesale trade in tobacco and tobacco products. Vegetable and fruit selling. 109

Dealers in meat. fish and poultry. Freigllt transport by motor vehicles. Dealers in sweetmeat, bakery plOducts, dairy pro­ Hackney carriages. bullock-carls, eHa, iunga, etc. d!lets and eggs, Transport by animals like horses, elepnants, mules, cameLl, elc, Pan, bidi ami cigarette shops. Transport by man (including rickshaw PUIl<:IS, OtakI's in aerated water, soft drinks and ice cream, hand-cart pulltrs, [Jorters, coolies, cle.). Wine alld liquor shops. Pipeline trallspmL Suppori illg services to lal1(l transport, lik~ operation Rdaii trade ill fmx! 'md food articles, heverages, of ,hH):hway budges, toll roads. Yl'bi('ular tunnels, tobacco and intoxicalll, lJol ~lsewb(;1'C: classified. paj n_:ug Jots, etc.

Retail trade in Tex1iles Water transport Dealers ill textiles (noo-ready madc). Ocean alld I:,,~sto' water tnmsport. Dealers in r~C1ciy---llladc garmcll~s I illlllld water transport.

Retail Tmde (R.T.) in Fuel and other Household ~uP[lorting servkcs to water hlilsport, like ore­ util:ities and DurabJes El:'on and malOtc'nancc of. ric!S, docks, pilotage, loadmg etc, Dealers in fircwond, coal and kerosene oiL llght-houses, ,nd dIscharging (Jf vessels,

Utensil ~hops. A~r Transp(ll'f Fancy stores (including crockery and glassware Ail' transport carriers (of passengers and freight). dealers), Supporting services to air trallsport, like (Jperation Dealers tn ekctricall1nd electrollic goods. of aIr ports, flying facilities, radio beacons, flying Furniture'shops, control centres, radar stations, etc. Jewelkry marts Services Incidental to Transport Footwear shops. Services incidental to transport, such as packing. Retail trade in fuel and other household ulilities and natlllg lravel agency, etC. durables not elsewhere classified. Storage and Ware.Housing Retail Trade in Others War>housing. Medical shops. Cold-storage.

Booksellers and stationers. Storage and ware-housing not dsewhere ciassifl~d, Dealers in building material. Communications Dealers in transport CqUiPllICllt. Postal, telegraphic, wirclesl and signal communi­ Petrol filling stations, cations, Retail trade in others not elsewhere classified. Telephone commuui,alions, Communications not elsewhere classified. Restaurants and Hoteb FINANCING, INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND RestaufaJlls, cdes and other eating amI drinking BUSlNESS SERVICES places, Banking and sinillar type of FinanciaJ Institutions l1otcls, rooming housc~, .::amps and other ludging places. Banking. Credit rnstitutio~lS other tban banks, such 9S saving TRANSPORT. SroRAGE AND COMMUNICA­ and lo~n aSSOCiatIonS, agnculturaJ credit institutions, TIONS industrial development hanks, etc. Land Transport Other financial institutions such as pawn brokers money lenders. financiers, chit funds, etc ' Railway transport. Passenger transport by tramway and bus services, Providmts and Insurance Passenger transport by olher motor vehicles, Provident services, 110

Insurance carril:l's, life. Medical and Health Services Insurance carriers oth~r lh"-n lile, such as fir~, marine Healtl: ~nd medical services rendered by organisations Hedden!, health, etc. and mdlVlduals such as hospitals. dispensaries, sana­ lona, nurslllg homes. maternal anJ child welfarcontract or ree bQsis. . Wclfsolicitors, plcadcoTs. mukht:'lrS, etc. dens, ZQOs, game sanctuaries, [;tc. \ COMMUNITY, SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SER­ Amusement and recreational servi,'es not elsewhere classified. VICES Public Administlation and Defence Servkes Personal Services Public services in the Union Go"e;:mm~n; induding Domestic Services. Defence Services. Luulldries, laundry servlC<;s· Jnd ckaning and dye­ ing plants, Pub1i<.: Servil:es ill Siale GO'ieflllll"llls including Police Services. Haif' dressing such 3'i those dune by bubel·s, lJair dressing saloons and beauty shops. Public Services in local bodies, departments and offIces engaged in administration like local taxation, Portrait and commercial photographic studios. business regulations, etc. Personal services not eisewhere classllielL Public Services ill Qua,i,Government bodies. Illternational and other Extra Territorial Bodies Set. vices Sanitary Servi!,;es Internatiollal dnd other extra territorial bodies. Sanitation and similar services such as gmbage lind sewage disposal, o;Jtralioll of drainage syskms ann ail Servkes not elsewhere classified 'other types of wDrk coonected with public health and Servicfs not elsewhere classltiert. sanitation.

EducatiQU, Scientific and Researth Services ACT[VfTl~S NOT ADEQUATELY DEFINED Educational services rendered by ter;hnkal or voca· Persons without any affiliation to a!ly particular in· tional college,. schools and other institutiom. dustry (including fresh entlants to labour force) I Educational services rendered by non-technical col­ Pcrso:ps without any affiliation to any particular leges, schools, universities and other institutions. industry (including fresh entrants to labour force).

Research and so::i<.:ntific services lint classified lise­ Activities not adequately defined (Otber than th()~ where sllch as thuse rcmkred by ill~tjlutiotIS awl labo­ me11itiuned' above.) ratories engaged in resfarch ill the biological, physical Dnd social scknccs. metcorolugk:al instituks amI medi­ Activities nol adelJLlutdy deJ1l1~d (Other than those cal research ll)"ganisat;ons, etc m"ntiLllled above), III

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APPENDIX I1l

List of urb".. Agglomera ti()DS and their c"".ti~t Unils ia Tamil Nadll, 1981

SI. Urban AggJomeration Cvnstituen( Units 2 No. Coimbatore Urban Agglo­ Coim balore (M) 2 3 meration Kurichchi (1') 1 Madfas Urban Agglomeration Madras (M. Corp.) Kuniyamuttur(P) Tiruvottiyur (M) Madukkarai (T.S_) Avadi (T.S.) Vellalore (P) Alandur(M) Sulur (P) Tambaram (M) Periyanayakkan- palaiyam (P) Ambattur (T.S.) Kurudampalaiyam (1') Pallavaram(M) Kavundampalaiyam (P) Madavaram (T.S.) Veerakcralam (P) Sl. Thomas Mount Cum-Pallavaram Perur Cheltipalaiyam (P) (CantL) Perur (P) P(lonama tlee (P) Chinnavedampalti (P) Kattivakkam (T.5.) Narasimhanayillan- Kunnattur (1') palaiyam (P) . Tiruverkadu (T.S.) Pallapalaiyarn (P) 'Anak"puttur (P) Vilankurichchi (1') Naravarikuppam (1') Muthugoundenlludur Railway Colony (S.Rly. TJrumahisbai (P} Admn.) Pammal (1') Ti.1nanur (P) 3. Madurai Urban Agglomeration Madurai (M. Corp.) Pulal(P) Avaniapuram (1') Maduravoyal(P) Tirupparangunrarn (P) Tirunirmalai (1') Paravai CP) Sittalapakkam (P) Vilangndi (1') Nandambakkam (I') Samayanallui: (P) Nerkunram (P) Harveypatti ITS.) Per ungalattur (1') Tirunagar (P) Vella.uur(P) Thathaneri (1') Peerkankaranai (1') Tniagarajar Colony (1') Sennirkuppam (P) 4} Tiruchcbirappalli Urban Tiruchchirappalli (M) Naza.rethpettai (I') Agglomeration Srirangam (M) crembrambakkam (P) Ponmala.i (M] Polichalur (1') GCllden Rock Kannapataiyam (1') Railway Colony Minambakkam (1') (S.Rly. Admn.) Pallikkaranai (I') Tuvagudi (P) 'firmulam (1') Ariyamangalam (I') Kattupakkam (P) Atathur(P) Kottivakkam (1') Abishekapuram (P) Melmanambedu (FI Pirattiyur (1') Soranjeri (P) Tiruverambur (P) Katltirvedu (1)) Navalpattu (P) PefuRgudi (P) U1kadai Ariyamangalam Nadukkuthagai (P) (P) Mallur(P) 5 Salem Urbaa.Agglomcrtioo Salem (M) VaradElarajapumm (P) VengavasaI (1') Suramangalam (M) Nemilicheri (1') Jarikondalampatti (1') Sadayankuppam (P) Seelanaya.k1tanpatti (1.') Mutlichchur (P) Annadanapatti (1') Madippakkam (P) Ammapalaiyam (P)

_-_~.~~--~ ~~~~~~- 16-1 CellSusJTN/84 114

APPENDIX m-Conld. List of IlI'IIan Agglomemt.ons and tbeiI' conslitneut UnUs in Tamil NOIdu, 19111 ------2 J

Salem Urban Aggtomeratio!l Ammapeltai (PJ 10 TiruppUT Urban Agglomeration Tiruppur (M) (Could.) Puttur (P) A vanasbi (P) Kondalampatti IP) VelampaJaiYjIm (P) Thadarnpatti (P) TirumurugaDp.. ildi (P) Alagapuram (P) Veerapandi (p) Neykkarappatti (P) Che(tipalaiyalitl (P) S;vadapuram (P) 11 Kanchipuram Urba.n Agglo- Kauchipuram (M) Meyyanur (P) meratioo Scvilimedu (P) Kumarasamipatti (P) Nattapettai (P} Kandampatti (P) Putter; (P~ Reddipalti (P) J2 Kumbakonam Urban Klimooko'lWn (M) Naraooiipatti lP) Agglomeration Dharasuram (Pl Palla patti (P) 13 Pollachi Urhan Agglomeratiori Pollachi (11) , 'Firuoolveli Urbatl Agglomer­ Tirunelveli (M) UI tukkuli (1') ation Palayaf'kottai (M) Sulecswarampatti (P) Mela.ppa.llliyam (M) Mal; \(i llarnpatti (p) Tachchanallur (PJ Chinllampalaiyam (1)) Naranammalpuram (P) Poli_patt~ (P) Talaiyuttu (P) 14 Karaikkudi Urban Agglo- Karaikkudi (M) Pala~ankottai (P) meration Kandaour (1') SanIHll'llllgal"(T .S.) KI,)(laiyur (of) Aiaganeri (P) Pallaltur (P) MelaOfl1lam {Pi Puduvayal (1)) \ Petlai (Pl KaIIDdukattan (PI Sankarapuram (1') 7 Vellol'C Urban At8iomeration Vellc}Io(Ml Darapadavedu (P) J5 KarurUrban Agglomeration Rarur (M) loam karur (1', Allapuram (P) Sattuvacheri (P) 16 Ar~ot Urban Agglomeration Areot (M) Katpadi Exten.si,oll (P) Ranippettai (M) Tora ppadi (P) Walajapet (M) Ronavattam (P) 17 Nagappattinam Urban Agglo- Nagappattinam (MJ virudambaftu (P) meration Akkaraipetta.i (P) Andanappettai (P) 3 Tutlcorin Urban Agglomeration Tuliaorin (M) Muttayyapuram (P) 18 Neyveli Urban Agglomeration Neyveii (T.S.) Mappil2iurani (P) Gengaikoodaa (l') Pala.yakayal (P) Melpathi(J.» Milaviltan (P) Attimarappatti (P) 19 Coonoor Urban Agglomeration eoonoor (M) Tuticorin (P) WeUigntou{Cantt.) Korampallaro (P) Jagathala (1)) Mullakktldu (P) H u bbathala (P) Ayanadaippu (P) Aravankad (T.S.) Berhatty (P)

9 Erode Urban Agglomeration Erode(M) 20 oudiyattam Urban Agglo­ Gudiyatta!ll (M) VeerapplUlCbattiram (P) rI1etation Seevur(P) Kasipalaiyam (P) CheruvatOO (1)) Pallipalaiyam (P) Brahmanaperiya- 21 Vaniyambadi Urban Agglomera- Vaniya.mbadi(M) Agraharam (P) tion U dayendram (P) Alampafaiyam (P) Jaffrabad (P) Surampatti (P) Devaslbauam (P) 115

APPENDIX III List of urban Aggiomerati ns and their oomtituent Unils in Tamil Nadu, 1981

2 3 2 3

22 Sivakasi Urban Agglomeration Sivakasi lM) 29 Mallasamudram Urban Mallasamudram (P) Tiruttangal (P) Agglomeration Attayyampalli (P) 23 Cilidambaram Urban Chidambaram (M) Pap para patti (P) Marulayampalaiyam (P) Agglomeration Annam:lIai Nagar (T.S.) Seppaiyapuram (P) 24 Bhavani Urban Agglomeration Kumarapalaiyam (M) 30 Kotlagiri Urban Agglomerati()n Kwtagirj (P) Bhavani (M) Konakkarai (P) U rachchikkc)!tai (P) " 25 Tirucnchendur Urban Agglome. Kayalpattinam (P) 31 Naduvattam Urbaa Agglomera· Naulivaltam (P) ration Arumuganeri (1') tion Ma~inigu d i (P) Tiruchchendur (F) 32 Tll()lldi Urban Agglomeration Thondi(P) 26 Palani Urban Agglomeration Palani(M) Nambutalai (P) Sivagiripatti (P) 33 Mallur Urban Agglomeration MilUur (P) .27 ~basamudram Urban Ambasamudram (P) I(umarapalaiyam (P) Agalomeralion Kallidaikurichchi (P) :14 Vembaditalam Urbll.n AggIo· Vembaditalam (P) 28 lJeva"shqia Urbal\ Agglomera. De~arshola (P) meratioo Senaipalaiyam (f) tion Nelllyala.rn (P)

~.C. Municipal Corporation T.S. Township Gantt. Cantonment M Municipality S.RJY.) Southern Railway Administration P. Pauchayal Admn. APPENDIX IV

Edit Instructions [or the ~crutiny of the HouseHs! and InstruetIDlIS for selecting 20% sample of Hotues.. Part I Edit instructions for the scrutiny of ffte houielist. Columns 2. 3 and 5:

The tabulation of the housing data will be OJl the These three columns should be scrutinised to- basis of a 20% sample of census houses. To select getber. Check if the building entered in colulnn 2 this sample it is essenlial that an accurate frame of has more than one census house and/or more than census houses is pr~pared before the sample selec­ one household. If so, column 2: will be filled for tion begins. Before the sample selection begins. you the first entry and for the successive census house(s)! have to edit the houselist according to the instruc­ household(s), in that building, there will be no entry tion given hereafter. Entries relating to location in column 2. rode and entries in various columns of the houoolist have to be checked, Check in column 3 that building number has been: repeated in cases where luere is more than one census house in a building. If the building has more Scndiny of the houselist: You will be provided than one census house, a sub-number like (1). (2), with bunches of filled in bauseHst forms, arranged (3), (4) etc. wilJ be given after the building nUDlber blockwise alongwith an inventory, hereinafter depending on whether there are 2, 3. 4 etc. census called the check list. Check your records with house in the building. If the building has only one reference to thi~ list that they are in order. Take census house in it. then the nu~ber appearing in one bunch of the filled in Houselist forms of a Block. column 2 will be repeated in columl). 3. , , Check that every page of the Houselist has a serial , , number and that they are arranged in that order; If tbe census hous~' is used for carrying out a if not, arrange them accordingly. If there is no page seasonal: activity like oil mill~ Igllani) gur m~:kjng etc., number, give page numbers. If the pages are loose, in combination with some other use, ·there will be they sbould be secured together by a twine or ~trong a separate entry in.' th~ next line for such census house. thread passed through all the sheets on the top kft Check that in column 3 there is dash apairu;t the hand corner. second entry viz; oil mills (ghani), gUT I1jaking etc. In case the census house number has been repeated, Page Number: Check whether page numbers have score it out and pul a dash. The following example been given continuously for the houselist forms re­ will makt; this dear. Suppose the etltries in the lating to each enumeration blo~k. If you notice that houselisi are as follow s : the page number has not been given on any such form, give it a number. If, for example, the page Line Building No. Census Purpose or which (;enq11$ house between houselist pages 12 and 13 is not numbered, No. house is used you should give this the number 12A and so on. Number The use of this method will be convenient because 2 3 4 the page number in the subsequent houselist forms in the ellumeration block need not be corrected. 1(l) Work ,'hop-cum-re~idence 2 J(l) Our making (s"asonal) (1) Locution Cude:

Invariably, the enumerator should have written the Score out the Corrected entries will look as unde! :- elements of tbe location at the top ill the H(Jusclist. See that aU clements arc rorrectly filled in. In the Line Building N(). Census Purpose for which census c:use of a rural block, the location code will contain No. house house j, u~ed name and code number of state. district, talukj Number )tehsil/circle/police station and enumeration block. III an urban block the location code elements represent 2 4 State, District, Town. Ward/Mohalla and enumera­ tion block. If entries are found t(J be missing, supply I 1el) Workshoj)-Cum-residence them from the charge register. The name of the 2 GUT making (seasonal) (1) enumerator will be found at the bottom of the House­ list: the block should be located in the charge-regis­ ter with reference to the name of the enumerator. If'flny census house has more than one household living in it, then entry in column 3 will appear in col. 5 in relation to the first household only but there Column I: will be a dash ('_') in column 3 in relation to succes­ Line numbers sbould be continuous for the bouse­ sive households in the same census bouse; e.g .• cen­ listing block as a whole. Look for entries struck off sus house number 2(2) has two households 2(2) (a) and see that no line number bas been changed for and 2(2) (b), tlJere will be entry in column 3 as 2(2) scored or cancelled lines. against the first household 2(2) (a). Column 3 should 116 117 have a dash ('--') for next line while cols. 5 en­ lain name and number of state. district. taluk/tehsil) wards will have 'entries for the next housdlOld in circle/police station and enumeration block. In an the same census house. urban block the location code ekments are name and [lumber!, representing State, District, Town, Tn case this is not so. but the number 2(2) or Ward/Mohal1a and Enum~rator's block. [f entries hom.c(1Oili number vir. 2(2) (a) or 2(2) (b) is found to are found to be missing, supply them fwm the charge have been rcpeated in column 3 of the houselist, register. T]J~ nam," of the ",numerator will be found score out and put a nash. at the bottom of the Housdist: the block should be located' in the charge register with reference 10 the Check if. column 5 bears th.: building and census name of ttle enumerator_ hou.~e number i.e .• entry in column 3 is repeated. H a building or a cens.us house has more than one house­ In column 1 the page number of the houselist has hold. than the households will have sub-numbers like to be entered. If in your scrutiny of the. house list (a), (b), (c), etc., depending on whether the building y;)U have wme. across any page which has not been or census house has two or more households. numbered or any page which has been wrongly num­ bered, you would have corrected the page number If the building or census house has no 'household' in it. and consequently cols. 5-13 are blank, please in the housclist alsn. The corresponding entrics for check that in column 4 'Rl?sidence' or 'Residence in the hnusclist page that you may have newly added combinat:on with other purposc' is not noted Tf on should also be made in the housclist abstract in cols_ 2 to 15. This can be done on a new linc in the abs­ the other hand the enumerator has given particulars in cols. 5-13 of a household and in coL 4 he bas not tracts. The totals will have to be correspondingly noted the Census HOllse to be residential. the entry changed_ in col. 4 should be suitably corre',ted to show that it If is wholly or pal'tly residential. ' during scrutiny of the houselist you have come across some discrepancy in the totals in regard to Tn some towns the house numbering done by the columns 3, 5, 8 to 13, the corresponding corrections Municipality has been adopted for census purposes should be made in the housc1ist abstract also. where '{hey might have numbered the va~ant plots of land, which in spite of instructions. might have In columns 3 to 6 viz .. the number of census been erroneously listed and entered in the houselist. houses by lISC_ YOlI have to check up the entry with Such entries should be scored out in the Houselist. reference to the changes that you may have made in The enumerator might have recorded in column 14 the corrcspon.ding page of the houselist. For exam­ as 'vacant plot' or the same entry (vacant plot) may ple. if in page 4 of the houselist you had come across be found in column 4. This will heJp ycm in deter­ a house for which there was no entry in column 4 mining. that it. is a 'vacant plot' and not a 'vacant & 5 of the: housclist but in column 6 onwards. of the c<.:nsus hous~·. huuselist there were entries you would have correc­ ted column 4 as residential or partly residential as It is also likely that a particular buildillg has its front the case may be and allotted a household numbet opening on one road and its rear on another road and in column 5 also. In such cases, the purpose for it gets a number O[l both the roads Le .. it gets a dup­ which the census house is used. would now change licate number. and two entries might appear for the to wholly residential or partly residential. This would same building, The. enumerator would have noted necessitate correction in page totals. Similarly the this in the remarks column, In that case one of the number of households in column 5 of the houselist entries should be scored Ollt and thc corresponding would have also increased by 1. These changes are entries corrected. to be rdlected in the corresponding entries relating Column~ 8, 9 and JO: to plge 4 in columns 3 10 8 of the houselist abstract. Check if the entry in column 10 is the sum of the After checking each page of the houselist and the entries in columllS 8 and 9. ][ there is discrepancy entries in the houselist abstract and after making the in tatall'orred th" cnlry in colulllnlO. necessary corrections, check IlP the total again. It is possibk that some lotah may change. These may After checking all these, check if the totals in be noted usjng a red pencil. Please score out the column 3, 4, 8 to 13 of the houselist have been en­ entry in the last row of the house list abstract viz., tered in each page, If on some page it is not entered, total and write th<.: correct total that you have struck please enter it. After checking all the entries of a in red pencil. block. check up the entries in the houselist abstract. Nflll1hering O'f Census Houses: Instruction for scrutiny of houseUst abstract: After all the lines of the housclist have been edited :Localion Code: for the entire block according to the above instruc­ Check if the location code has heen rroperly en­ tions and after carrying out the necessary modifica­ tered at the top nf the house list ab~tract. lnvari­ tions in the houeslist abstract according 10 the above ably, the enumerator s;lOuld have \Hitlen the ele­ instrucli,JII, Ilumba flu CC/lSUS hou,J;es serially, lhe ments of the location eode at thc top of the Housc­ seqtlefl>_'e rlllmrlig thrmrgh the entire block. Sud! list. See that all clements arc correctly filled in. Tn serial nllmber should be recorded in red pem:il bet­ the case of a rura I block, the location code will con- ween coillmlls 2 [llIIi 3 of the Houselist along fhe 17-1 Census/TNJ84 1]8

line. On the basis of this serial numbering. sampling. (e) the number of census houses recorded in co­ of the houses will be done. The instructions for lumn 3 against 'total' "f the HUQs.:list lIf any block sampling have been given in Part II. must agn:c: WIth the numbl:r f!;corded in column 2 of the Houselist Abstract against tile block. Parr ll-lnslruclil/ll II! IiI(" Tanl/Jillon Assi.~tr"'l for selecting a 20";, .I'(/I/1p/r. rf hol.w!.\' 'rum Ih1' hO/l.,elisl: If some discrepancies arc l)bserved while check­ ing the ahovc points. YOll must hring these to the no­ Sampling of houses from the filled in house list tIce of the supervising officials and coned them forms of an operational unit wilt he based on 20":, before pr.occcding further. Further, for each opera· systematic sample. Por the purpose of sample selec· Ilnnai umt assIgned to you. a, random start number tion. opemtional units in a

Th~ pl'uc'edurc of sample s~kction can be explain­ the houses from that house onwards and continue ed with a suJlabJc example given below. Suppn'iC: tlle .,ample sclecliun after the corrections have been ther.: W~ 170 hOUSL:s in the nrst block and we arc to (urried out. Also correel thc corresponding entry select : houses might have afkr you hdV~ completed the opC'l'ations for the en­ been numbered as Ca] SH. 59. !JO ...... or {b) tire charge. as 56, 57. 58 .... "".""."., S!t;p 4: Afler completion of the sumple ,election (2) A ho~St: might not have bccn given a scriu'! as mentioned in step 3 for the first block, enter the number fur examp[c the IWLlse next to no. number of hOLlscs left over in column 5 of the con· 56. mIght n()t have been given a s~rial number trol sheet. In column 6 of the control sheet, fill the due to ()versi"ht, [Jut subsequent he'uses are difference between the number 5. and the entry in numbl.:red as 57, 58 i.e .• ,withoJt break in the series. column 5. Repeat this figurc in column 3 of the next line. This provides the starting point for sam­ In cast: IJ( 1(a) or (b). Slop ,marking the sample ple selection in the second block. This is explained bouses at that stage. Co:reet the serial number of with a suitable ·,',ample given bcIow:

Control sbeet for sampling of houses from Houselist Idenlificat:on particulars: (Sample size 20%)

Name LJcaliOll code

1. Di,trict 2 2. Name of Jalllb/P.S,I)),.v. BluckICircJlldl:. 3. City OJ Non-city urban 4. Random star. 4

Localion coue of the T()laillumbcr Scriailluillber Scrialllumbcr N u. u r hou~es 5--Col. S No. "f hou,", Remarks block oj" -ce·}lSU') Ill' fir,1 :<'.!(oded ofl",! scl~ctcd lofl uyer Transfer it in the sample ho~,e, hQll~e hOll"Je Col. ~-('ol. 4 10 Col. 3 of next line

2- 4 6

--~~- ._- -~---~~--~------.112/4/1(1) Lli 4 129 2 3 26 312/4/ I (2) 149 J 14~ 4 30 312/4/2(3) 112 4 lOV 2 22 3/2/4(3(4) 129 2 127 2 3 26 3/2/413(5) US 138 0 5 28 3/2/4/4(6) 122 j [20 24

Step 5: Repeat steps 2 and 3 with all the blocks 1/]/ por/ant : in the operational unit. Note that from the second 1. While dDing sampk sdedion, do not leave block onwards the entry in column 3 is the same as your seat without completing the work marking the sample houses for the hlock on hand and making the the entry in col. 6 relating to the previous block corresponding entries in tht various columns of the entered in Ihe list. Ensure that all the blocks ill the control sheet. operational unit arc cov.:rcd in a continuous process. 2, As SOiln as the s,llllpkd h(\uses in a bluck have S/ep 6: Aflll tile sckclioJ1 of th~ ~aJllpk f(~r the been identified, tick olI Ihe corresponding number in entire operational unit ii, (lvel·. hand over the bun­ the check list containjng tlIe charge number and the hlo~k numbers in the operational unit. After you dle of hULlselists and houselist abstract alollgwl(h have completed sample sdection [or the entire opera­ the filled in control chart to the supervising official !i(mal unit, glanc.: through the check list to detect fill' further action. whether any block has been missed. 120

3. In Some extraordinary cases. a Mock may ,on· block strike off the entry jn column 3 by au oblique tain Jess than 5 houses. Here two situations may stroke ,:s ShOWIl in the o::x.am'ple. put a dash in column arise. The first is when the random start for that 4 and enter the total number of houses kEt over in Mock is gr\:atcr than the numhtr of houses. In such this block and the previou, block in column 5 a case. it is obvi ous th at no houses can be selected against this block. l(, however. the mndom start from that block. Howcwr. thi~ block of hOllses will for the block is less than or equal to the number of be considered as the 2ontinuation of the previous houses in the block. one hous\:) bearing serial num· Mock, Add 01\ the number of houses in thi~ block be'r in column 2 win be selected. The following to the number of houses left over in the previous cx,lmpk will make this clearer,

CUlltrol ~tJeet for sampling hQ ...es from Huu'clist

Location CoJ" l)f block TOlalnumbi:[ Scriail1Umb,,[ Serial number Nl), of llml,e, S--Col. 5 No. of h(\u,es Remark, of CCI1"IS of lir.,t ,ckcteu of last 'elected left over Col. Iran~fer it to ill the sample hou\c, n'jLl,e hou,e 2-Col. 4 Col. 3 of next ilne ------2 4 6 8

--~----- 1/3/40(48) 119 m 4 24 1/3141(49) 2 2 0 1/3/42(50) I J4 2 132 ~ 3 27 1}3f43(51) 4 3 4 i I -----. APPENDIX V INSTRUCTIONS FOR EDITING AND CODING OF HOUSELlST (Only sampkd entries in the schcduk ~TC to be coded) LHcatiolt code--Plcase check District, Tcnsil/Town, other entries in cols. Ii .md 8 to 14. l[ there are any Villag..:/Ward on each s<.:h<.:uule anu ]Jl(kx oHp person.': residing in the IllJusc, it lllay be treated as (Enumeralors block) Ui> well. wholly residentiJ L When.: the purp"se has been r(;­ t:ord: i as vacant, pleas:.: see 1h :\t lilen! i~ entry under coL l4. In cas(_' reason has not bew stated. record Hatching is being dOlle in buudb of aboul 100 undcr elll. 14 'reason unspecified'. If the purpose' has schedules each. so that the schedulc~ arc arrang<:u for enumerators block, within village/ward. village/ b<:cn recorded as residence or residence in combina­ wards within a TehsilJTown. The serial number llf lion with some other purpose, there will be an entry each bundle may be checked to avoid allY omi"j(Jl1. Llndt:r this cohlmn Tf the house is not being used as resiuence, col. 5 "I the sc])cdule will be blank. Col. 3: Census House No: -There will be continuous serial numbering of census 11OUS

1981 CellSus-£ode StrIlcture---Houselist.

De;;cciplicn Co!unm No. in Code No. aJlolreJ Field Length S\lbedule

2 3 4

S(ate/LJ.T. 1st top line left Two·uigb.t cuding as given 2

District 2nd top line lefl --Do·· 2

Tensil ete./Town 3rd lop line lef1 for leh- 1. In case of Tehsil etc. it is 4 digit code of which thefirstthree 4 Agglotnijratiotl sil and I ~r torJ,ne fight digils give the tehsjJ etc .. and tne ul\it po~itiol\ is zero. It ranges for town from O(HO to 0990. C"dc as per appendix C.

2. [11 case of Town, outsiJe cit) agglomeration the range is from 1000. to 2990 i.e. the left most three digits give two hundred lawn' wtthm a district. The right most digit is alwa~s zero. Recode Roman numbers of towns as per appendix D.

3. 1,:\ case of city agglomerations !,he range is from ]000104999 in whrch the iirst (wo left mo,1 digits 39 (0 49 ,lanG' ror (he agglome­ ratioll number and the right most two digits give the lown numbers within each ag!',lomcralion. Recode Roman numbers as per appeltdix E.

Village(Ward lst top line r'ight for vii· No coding 4 lageand Istl2nd numher in 2nd top line right for wardrMolmffa

!numerator's 3rcl tor' lille rigllt No coding Block No.

Census House No. Col. J No coding 3

121 122

Dcscripli()O Column No. in CoLlc No. allotlcll Field Length Schedule

2 3 4

P'urpose of Census Col. 4 ·Vacant-·Dilapidated ·Code with ref House ·Vacant·-for want of repair or under repair 2 renee to cllIry in 'Vacant--lncoInplete construction 3 Remarks col. 'Vacant--Wanl of Tenant!Occupant 4 e.g. col. 14 *Vacant-Othcr rcaSOl13 5 *Vacant_:_Uuspecified ';1

Re

Non: For a 'House locked' - occupant away on journey!pilgrimage etc. may not be treated as vacant. instead correct use viz. Resi­ dcmce or Residence with other uses etc. as the case may be, should be recorded. APPENDIX VI

SAMPI F: DESIGN AND PRECISION OF ESTI~Ir\TE~

The H-I table is based on a 20~{. sample of cmsus to another set of charges. The instructions adopted hOUSl::s sdecled for the purp(]se of tabulation in the for editing and sample selection are shown in States of Andhra Pradesh. Rihar, Gujarat. Haryana, Annexe. Karnalaka, Kcrala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, the states where sample Orissa, Punjab, Rajaslhan, Tamil N~du, Uttar Pra­ E~·t:imnlion Procedure: In desh and West Bmgal. In the remaining States and hus bee:o drawn, the estimates have been presented Union Territories the dala have been processed on after multiplying the sam pI.: fr~qLlenci

123 124

APPENDIX TABLE l--Collld.

Perce~tage relative Sta,tdar(l Error ror ddferelll univer,e size aJld propurtion fur Nimpie random Sample of :1.0%

Size of unive~e .004 005 .006 .007 . ODS .()09 .01 .02 .03 ,05

25,000 19.96 17.84 16.28 15.07 1409 13.27 12.59 8,85 7,19 6,20 5,51 5.01 50,000 14 11 12.62 11.51 10.65 9.96 9·39 8.90 6,26 50'1 4,38 3,90 3.54

75,000 11.52 10.30 9.40 8.70 8. 13 7.66 7.27 5, 11 4,15 3, ~8 3,18 2.89 100•000 9.98 8.92 8.14 7.53 7.04 6.64 6·29 4.43 3 60 3,10 2,76 2,50 125,000 8.93 7.98 7.28 6.74- 6.30 5.95 5,63 3,96 3,22 2,77 2.47 2 24 150.000 8.15 7.28 6 65 6.15 5,75 542 5,14 3,61 2.'}4 2.53 2.25 2.04 175,000 7.54 6.74 6.15 5 69 5 32 5.02 4.76 3.35 2.72 2.34 2.08 1.89 200,000 7.06 6.31 5.76 5,33 4,98 4,69 4,45 3,13 2,54 2.19 1.95 I. 77 300,000 5.76 5.15410 4·34 407 3.83 3 63 2· 56 2 08 1.791.59 1.45 400,000 499 446 4 07 3 77 3 52 3.32 3,15 2,21 1,,80 1.55 1.38 1.25 500,000 4.46 3.99 3.64 3,37 3.15 297 2,81 1,98 1,61 1.39 1.23 ] .12 750,000 3.64 3 26 2.97 275 2,57 2.42 2,30 1,62 1;31 1 13 1,01 0.91

1,000,000 3.16 282 2.57 2.38 2.23 2.10 1.99 1,40 1..14 ~,98 0,87 0.79 2,000,000 2.23 1.99 1.82 1.68 I 57 1.48 [·41 o 99 d.80 1).69 10,62 0: 56 3,000,000 1.82 1.63 1.48 1.38 I 29 I 21 1·15 °81 0 66 0·57 0,50 0.46 5,000,000 1·41 1.26 1.15 107 100 0.94 0.89 0,63 0·51 0.44 ", 0.)9 0.35 7,500,000 I. 15 I. 03 0 94 0,87 O· 81 O· 77 O· 73 0.51 0.42 0,36 0, J2 0,29 10,000,000 1.00 0 .. 89 0.81 075 070 0.56 0·63 0.44 0·36 0.31 0\28 0.25 I

Size ()f urllverse ,07 . 08 . 09 . 1 ,2 .3 ' 4 ' 5 . 6 . 7 .8 .9

25.000 4.61 4.29 4.02 3.79 2, 53 I ' 93 I , 55 1.27 1,03 0,S3 063 042 50,000 3·26 3.03 2.84 2.68 1.79 1.37 I 10 ° 89 0 13 0.5,! 045 0,30 75,000 2.66 2.48 2.32 2.19 1.46 1,]2 0,89 0,73 0.59 0.48 0·36 0,24 100,000 2.31 2·14 2.01 1,90 1.26 0.97 0,77 0,63 0 52 0,41 032 0.21 125,000 2·06 1.92 1. SO 1. 70 1.13 0.86 0.69 0.57 0,46 0,37 0,28 0,19 150,000 I. 88 1. 75 ]. 64 I. 55 l. 03 [j,79 0 63 0.52 0,42 0,33 0.26 0,11 175,000 ],14 1,62 t. 52 1.43 0,96 0,73 0,59 0.48 0.3') 03] 0240,16 200,000 1.1\3 1. 52 1,42 J. 34 0,89 0,68 0,55 0,45 0,37 0,29 0,22 0,]5 300,000. 1.33 1.24 1.16 1,10 0,73 0,56 0,45 0,37 0,30 0,24 0,18 0,12 400,000 1.15 1.1l7 ].01 0.95 0,63 0,48 0,39 0,32 0,26 °21 0,16 0,11 500,000 1.03 0,96 0.90 0,85 0,57 0.43 0.35 1),28 0,23 o 19 0,14 0 09 750,000 0.84 0,78 0,73 069 0,4(> 035 0.28 0,23 ° J9 0.15 0, J2 0.08 1,000,000 0.73 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.40 . 0,31 0,24 0,20 0 ]6 0.13 010 007 2,000,000 0.52 0,48 0,45 0,42 o 28 .~ 22 ° 17 0,14 0,12 0,09 0,07 0.05 3,000,000 0,42 39 0,31 o 23 0,18 0,14 0,12 0,09 0,08 006' 0.04 o °35 5,000,000 0,33 0,30 0,28 0,27 0.18 0,14 0,11 0,09 0.07 0,06 0,05 0,03 7,500,000 027 025 023 022 o 15 0.11 0 09 007 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 10,000,000 023 0.21 0,:1;0 0,19 0.13 010 d.08 006 0.05 0.04 0.03 0 02 LIST OF AGENfS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS AS ON 1st JANUARY, 1981

A,Ia 23. New Book House, 32, Tashkant Road (Reg.) I. Mis. Banwari LaI Jain Publishers. Moti Kalra 24, Univesal !:look Shop, M.G. Road (Reg.) (Reg.) 25. Law Publisher, Sardar Patel Marg. P.B, No, 77 (Reg.) 2. Sumit Law Agency, 30/97, Pipal Mandi (Rest) 26 Irtternational Library Service, 3 J 6 Alopi,bag, 3. Agarwal Law Co .. 8/121. Rink Ki Mall~li PUniabai Colony (Rest) (Rest) .

Ahmedabad Ambala' l:antt. 4. Chandra Kanl Cbiman Lal Vora, 57-2 Gandhi ' 27. English Book Depot (Reg.) Road. P.B, No, 163 (Reg.) Amritsar 5. New Order Book Co., Gandhi Road. Ellis Bridge (Reg,) 28. Law Book Agency, G.T. Road Pultigarh G.T. Road, Putligarh (Reg.) 6. Kuna! Subscription Agen~y, Mina Park Society. Nava Wadaj (Reg.) " '29. The Book Lovers 7, Gujarat Law Rouse. Near Municipal Swim­ Petrea! Hall Bazar (Reg.) \ ming Balh. Bhadra (Rest) Anand 8. Maha;an Bros .. Super Market B"sement. Ash­ ram Road. Navarangpura (Reg.) 30. Vijays Magazine Agency Station Road (Rest) 9. Rimanshu Book Co., 10, Mission Market. Near Gujarat College (Rest) Anantapur 10. Academic Book Centre, 10 Wa1keshwar Society 31. Shri Vani Stores Politechnique (Rest) Kamala Nagar {Rest) 11. Educaticnal Booksellers, Gandhi Road (Reg.) AizwaI 12, Lawyers Credit & Supply Cop, Society Ltd, 32. Modern Book Stall Hospital Road, BaTa Bazar (Rest) City Civil Court Compound. Bhatira (Resl) 13. Indian Law House, 252. 1st Floor Kashipura Ballabhgarh Outside Raipur Gate (Rest) 33. Om Trade Well Unchagaon Gate (Reg.) 14. Roshab Ranjit Brothers, 371/7. Baba Ayaram Road (Rest) HangaJore Ahmednapr 34. International Book House (P) Ltd., 4 K.G. Road (Reg.) 15. V.P. Jorewakar, Prop. Rama General Stores 35. S.S. Book Emporium Navi Patfl (Rest) 118, Mount Joy Road, Ajmer Hanumant Nagar (Reg.) 36, Standard Book Depot, 16. Book Land, 663. Madar Gate (Reg.) Avenue Road (Reg.) A Uahabad' 37, Vichara Sahitya Ltd" BaJapet (Reg.) 17. University Book Agency> IS-B, Elgin Road 38. Coming Man (Reg_) Residency Road (Rest) 18. Kitabistan, 30 Chak Road (Reg.) 3\1, Bhagyalakshmi Stores 19. Law Book Co., Sardar Patel Marg, P.B. 4 524, Shrinagar Main Road (Reg.) Barashankari (Rest) 20. Ram Narain Lal Beni Prasad, 2 Katra Road 40. N.S.A. Majeed Khan (Reg.) C/o Khan Transport & Air Travels (Rest) 21. Universal Book Co., 20 M.G, Road (Reg.) Ban5CIrom 22, A.H. Wheeler & Co .• Pvt. Ltd" City RQok Shop 41. Current Books & Periodicals Agencies (Reg.) 'C' Block, No. 25 (Rest) 125 126

Bbagalpur 61. Intcmational Book House Ltd., Indian Mercantile Mission Extn. 42. Pathak Pustak Bhawan Madpmc qtlll3 Road (R~gd.) . Ram Narain Part (Reg.) 62. K,oi~ar! BOok Depot .' 43.. A&hok Book Depot Acllarya Dande Marg, Parel (Reg.) Bara Bazar (Rest.) 63. Lakshmi Book Depot Bareilly Girganm (Reg.) 44. Paper & Stationery Stores 64. Lok Yang Maya Giriha Pilt. Ltd. D.M. Singh Road, Bhagalpur (Reg.) 190B. Khetwadi Main Road (Reg.) 65. World Literature Baroda Pyara Singh Chug House, 45. New Medical Book House Lal Bahac1ur Shastri Marg, Bhandup 540, Maden Zarnpa Road (Reg.) 66. M. & J. Services, 46. Baroda Productivity Council 2-A, Mohan Kunj Dadar (Book Division) 68, Jyotelea Fule Road (Reg.) Productivity Road (Rest) 67. Popular Book Depot 47. Hamdip Agencies Dr. Bhandkamkar Roaq (Reg.) Maden Zampa Road (Rest) 68. Sunder Das Gian Cham;! 601, Girigaum Road I Bhopal Near Princess Street (Reg.) 48. Lyall Rook Depot 69. Thacker & Co. . Moh Din Building Rampart Row (Reg.) , Motia Park, Sultania Road {Reg.) 70. All India Book Supply Co. Bhubanesbwa.~ Kalbadevi Road (Reg,) 49. The Modem Book Depot Unit 71. Usha Book Depot. 585/ A. Chiea Bazar (Reg.) Ill, Stational Square (Reg.) 72. Dhan La~ Bros., 5, Gandhi Road (RJg.) 50. Vani Vikash 73. N.K. Tripathi Pvt. Ltd. Princess Street (Reg.) B-1, Saheed Nagar (Rest) 74. B,hayan) Book Depot, 150, Princess Street (Reg.) 51. Bidya Mandir Eastern Tower Market Building (Rest) 75. Sbri Agency, 6, Haeish 72-0 Dixet Road, Vile Parle (Reg.) Bhavnap 76. Universal Book Depot Corpn., 546, Jar Mahal 52. Shah Parshotam Das Giagabhai Dhobi Talao (Reg.) M.G. Road (Rest) 77. Subscri)Jers Subscription Services India. 190, Bbl>l'pur Bazar Gate Street (Rest) 53. Bholpur Pust:lKalaya 78. C. Shanti Lal & Co., 86, Princess Street (Reg.) P.O. Bholpur, Birbhum (W.B.) (Rest) 79. Creative Books & Periodicals Pvt. Ltd. 17, Rija:pur Police Court Lane (Reg.) , 54. Shah D.V. Deshpandc 80. A.K. Agencies, L2/15, Luxmi Raman Society Prop. Vinod Ifook Depot Bangur Ngr. (Reg.) Near Shiralsbetti Chowk (Rest) 81. Jaina Book Agency (India), 649-A. Goregaon 55. Ajay Law Agency Road Dhobi Talao (Reg.) . Hospital Ch owk (Best Chopra) 82. Giri Trading Agency, Bhandarkar Road, Mat- Bhagvan Bazar (Rest) unga (Rest) . BaidylUlatb 83. Bombay Law House, 76, Madows Street (Rest) 56. Jaidip Agency 84. K.K. Bhuneshwari. 42. Paria Narwan Street Distt. Santhal Parganas, Rihar (Rest) (Rest} Bombay 85. '~xecutive Book Service, 74, Princess Street (Rest) j 57. Charles Lambert & Coy. 86. G.A. Brot~ers, 50, Princess Street (Rest) 101, M.G. Road, P.B. 1032 (Reg.) " I " 58. Current Book House 87. Devendra S. Sharma Sattan Chawl, R-7 H.E Maruti Lane Raghunath Dadaji Street Society Road 5th Natwar Nagar Road, Jogesh­ (Reg.) wari (E) (Rest) 59. Current Technical Literature Co. Pvt. Ltd. 88. Nay Bha~at Sahitya Mandir, Gandhi Marg, India House, 1st Floor, Princes Stree t (R est) Opp. G.P.O. (Reg.) 89. Streling Book House, 181·D.N. Road, Fort 60. C. Jamnadas & Co. Bookseller (Rest) 146 C, Princess Street (Reg.) 90. Vidya Book House, 19 Krishna Niwas, Bombay 121

Calwtta, 125. Woodlands, BangaH Sam (Rest) 91. Das Gupta & Co. Ltd., 5412, Cullege Street 126. Legal Reliable, Biswanath Lane (Rest) (Reg.) Chindwara 92. R. Cbambrary & Co. Ltd., Kant House, P·33 Mission Row Ext. (Reg.) . , 127. Lath Enterprises, 6/62-63, Narsinghpuf Road. . (Rest) 93. S.K. Lamiri & Co. Ltd., College Street (Reg.) 94. W. Newsman & Co. Ltd., ·3·0Id Court House Coimbatore Street {Reg) 128, Marry Martin. 9/79. Gokhale Street (Reg.) 95 Mukherjee & Coy.. P·27·B, G.l.T. Road, Scheme·52 (Rest) 129. Continental Agencies, 4·A, Sakthi Vihar (Rest) 96.' K.K. Roy, 55-Gariahat Road, P.B. 101210 ISO, Radha Mani Stores, 60-A, Raja Street (Rest) (Rest) Chilrala 97. Mani6a!a, 123·Row Bazar Stre~t (Reg.) 131. Mahalakshmi Enterprises, Opp. Mohan Theatre, 98. Modern Book Depot, 78-Chowringhee Centre. (Rest) (Reg.) 99. New Script, 17213. R.ash Behari Avenue (Reg.) Dehradun 100.' Mukherjee Library, 1, Gopi Mohan Datla Lane (Rest, 132. Bishan Singh & Mehendra Pal Singh, 23-A. Cannaught Place. 101. K.L.M. (P) Ltd., 2SY·B.B. Gal1guly Street (Reg.) H3. Jugal Kishore & Co'., 23-C, Rajpur Roarl (Reg.) _ 102. Scientific Book Agency," t03·Netaji Subhash 1.34. Natraj Publishers, 52-Rajpur Road (Reg.) Road {Rest) 135. International Book Distributor. 1st Aoor, 913 lQ3. P. Upadhyay, l5·Munshi Sardaruddin Lanc Rajpur Road (Reg.) . ; (Reg.) Danroh 104. G.A. Enterprise, IS /Ill. Centre (Reg.) 136. Ram Shanker Agarwal, 253·Asali Ward-2 lOS. K. Bagchi. 286-B.B. Ganguly Street {Reg.) (Rest) , 106., Overseas Publications, 14-Har Street (Rest) 107. Book Corporationa], I-Mangoe Line (Reg.). Delhi lOS. S.C. S~I'.kar & Sons Pvt Ltd., Law Publisher 137. Atma Ram & Sans, Kashmere Gate (Reg.) & Book Sellers, IC Bankim Chatterjee Street; 700 073 (Reg) . 138. Eahri Bros., 243, Lajput Rai Market (Reg.) 109. Techo Books International, P-4, New Howrah 139. Bookwell, 85-Sant Nirankari Colony P.B. i565. Approach Raad (Rest). Delhi-9. lID. Rasaniwal Enterprises, 309-Bipin Behari Gan- 140. Dhanwantri Medical & Law Book House guE Street (Rest) 1522-Lajpatrai Mrk. (Reg.) Ill. Best Books. IA College Row (Rest) 141. Federal Law Depot, Kashmere Gate (Reg.) 142. Indian Army Bouk Depot, 3·Ansari Road, II 2. Lahari & Co. 8/1A, Ahstas Road (Rest} Daryaganj (Reg.) 113. Unique Form Centre, 1, Mangoc Lane (Rest) 143. J. M. Jain & Bros., Mori Gate (Reg.) Chandigarh 144. K.L. Sethi. B-SS, Sha'karpur (Reg.) 114. Jain Law Agency, Shop No.5, Sector 22D 145. Universal Book & Stationery Ca., 16-Netaji (Reg.) Subhasb Marg (Reg.) 115. Rama News Agency. Booksellers, Sector-22 146. Universal Book Traders, 80-Gokhalc Market (Reg.) ~eg.) 116. Universal Book Store, Sector 17·D (Reg.) 147. Young Man & Co., Nai Sarak (Reg.) 117. English Book Depot. No. 34. Sector 22-B (Rest) 148. General Book Depot. 1691-Nai Salak (Reg.) JlS. Jain General Houst:, Sector 17-D (Reg.) 149. Munshi Ram Manohar Lala, Oriental Book­ 119. Manik Book Shop 70·72, Sector 17·0 (Reg.) seller & Publishers P.B. 1I6S, Nai Sarak (Rest) 120. Naveen Buok Agency, 80-82, Seclor I7·D 150. Premier Book Co., Nai Sarak (Reg.) (Rest) ISJ. Miotilal Banarsi Das, Bungalow Road, Jawahar 121. Chandigarh Law House, 1002, Sector 22-B Nagar (Reg.) (Rest) 152. Sangam Book Depot, Main Market Gupta 122. Variety Book Slore, SCD 69, Se.ctor 17·D Colony (Reg.) (Rest) 153. University Book. House, IS·U.B. Bangalow Cnttack Road, lawahar Ngr. (Rest) 123. Manager Cuttack Law Times, Cuttack (Reg.) 154. Om Law Book House, Golchale Market Civil 124. Rooks International, Bank Bazar (Rest) Court Compound (Reg.) 128

155. Ashok Book Agenl.:Y. Poor vi Shalimar Dagh E.rnaku'anJ (Reg.) 189. Pai & Coy., Uroadway (Reg.) 156. O.K. Book Organisation, 74·0, Anant! Nagar, (Reg.) fcrozpur Cantt. 157. Hindustan Book Agencies llndia), J7·UR, lawahar Nagar (Rest) 190. English Book Depot, 78-Jhok Road (Reg.) 158. Eagle Book Services, Ganesh Fura (Reg.) Gauhati 15,}. Raj Book Agency, A·99, Shiv Puri (Reg.) 160. Krishna Law House, Tis Hazari (Reg.) 191. United Publishers, Pan Bazar Main Road (Rest) 161. Indiall Documentation Service, Ansari Road 192. Ashoka Publishing House (Rest). (Rest) Gaya· 162. Standard l3ooksellcrs, 402, Kueha BuJaji, Chan· dhi Chowk Danba Kalan (Reg.) 193. Sahitya Sadan, Gautum Bmlh Marg. (Reg.) 163. Shyam Bros. IX/51·34, East Old Salimpuf, Delhi (Reg.) Goa 164. Capital Law House, Viswas Nagar, Shahdara 194. Savitri Book Agency, [ndira Niwas, Rordem (Reg.) Bicholim (Rest) 165. Ekla Book Co., Majlis Park Adarsh Ngr. (Reg.) 195. Prabhu Book Service, Nai Subzi Mandi (Reg.) 166. Commercial House, 1478·Dewan Hall Road 19'6. indian Pllblication, 2052·Sectors Urban Estate Near Moti Cinema (Rest) (Rest) . 167. Venus Enterprises Booksellers & Publishers B2/ 85, Ashok Vihar fluor-II (Rest) Gaodhidham 168. fine Book Services, 10529 Bagichi Purki Subzi 197. Abdee Agency, HZ-2ei. Mandi, Delhi (Reg.) 169. Tcxla Law Agency, Gurdwara Marg, Shahdara GwaJior (Rest) 198. Loyal Book Depot, Saraswati Sadan, I{atankar 170. Emvee Enterprises, 632, Bhai Parrnanand Colony (Rest) Bazar (Reg.) 171. All Indian Educational Supply Co., Iawahar 199. Tatar Bros .. Sarafa Bazar, Lashker (Reg.) Nagar (Rest) 200. Anand Pustak Sadan, Shinde Ke Chhanoi (Reg.) 172. Roop Rai Hro~., 208-Bhai Parmunand Colony (Rest) 201. M.e. Drafer Bros. M.B. Jain ~ Bros., Sarafa Lashkar (Rest) 173. Delhi Law House, 77-Gokhale Market (Rest) 202. Adarsh Pustak Sadan, 5/26, Bhan Ka Bazar 174. Medical House (Regd.) 3656·Qutab Road (Reg.) (Re~t) 203. A Gupta Book Agency, Anand Niwas, Falka 175. Sher-e-Punjab Law Book House, 3/8 Kuncha Bazar (Rest) Mir Ashiq, Shawri Bazar (Rest) 176. Capital Agcn~ies, Balbir Nagar, Shahdara (Rest) Ghaziabad 177. Law Literature House, 2646-l3ilimaran (Rest) 204. S. Gupta, H. No. 420, Vishambar Nagar, Hoshi­ 178. Ajanta Books International, I-UB Iawahar arpur Nagar (Rest) 179. Academy PubJjshers, lO-A, Shakar Pur (Rest) Hyderabad 180. PUstak Jagal, Moti Nagar (Rest) 205. Book Syndicate, Dcvka Mahal, Opp. Central 181. Jitendra Book Service, Silaram Bazar (Rest) Bank (Reg.) 182. Research Co., 1865, Tri Nagar (Rest) 206. Labour Law Pllblications, 873, Sultan Bazar 183. International Trade Link~rs, VIodel Town (Rest) (Reg.) 184. Snronica Botanica, J.P, Exten" Delhi (Rest) 207., Asia Law House, Opp. High Court (Reg.) 208. Book Lin:l;s Corporations, Narayanagoda (Reg.) Ohanbad 185. New Skdch Press, P.B. 26 (Rest) 209. Ratna. 16·11·493, Dilsukh Nagar Colony (Rest) 186. F.M. Ansari, Hirapur (Rest) 210. National Law House, 4-3-714, Ramkute (Rest)

Darbhallga Hardwar l87. Sahitya Sagar, P.B. No. 12, P.O. Imhorisarai 21t. Pandi Salyc~wara Nand Kailash Chand Pan· (Rest) dey, Sara.lwati (Reg.) Dhule 212. Rudrakash Mala Pustakalaya, Bara Bazar 188. Swanandi Knowledge Book Agency (Rest) (Rest) 129

HoCbras Jhun Jhunu 211 Jain Book Depul, Rohtak Wala Nohara, Agra 235. Sh,lshi Kumar Sharal Clmndcr. Jhun Jhunu Road (Rest) (R~g.) 214. Raghu Enterprise>. GaushaJa Road, Chandra Puri (Rest) Jullu,,:lur City 236. LClW Bl)[)k Depot, Adda Bastl, G.T. Road . Indore (Rest) 215. Modern Bonk House. Shiv Vilas Palace (Reg.) Kakinada 216. Surya Kant Dincsh Kant, Swaroop Sahitya Sad all, 213-Khajuri Bazar, M.G Road. 2}7. N. VCllkatcshwar Rao. Mangapatily Ag~neies (Rest) Impbal Kanpur 217, P.e. Jaill Co., lmphal ManipuT (Rest) 238. Advani & Co., P. BOl( 100, The Mall (Reg.) 21g. K.C. Robbi, Mis Kccee Enterpris~s, lmphal (Rest) 239. Sahitya Nikelan, Sharadhalland Park (Reg.) 219. Khuraijain Ajit Singh, Pukhri SOllth (Rest) 240. Universal Book Stall, The Mall (Reg.) 241. law Book Emporium, 16/60. Civil Lines (Reg.) JaipDr 242. I'ustak Bhawau, 40/69, Parcdi (Rest) 220. Bharat Law House, BookseJlers & Publishers 0RP. Pless, Prakash Cinema (Reg.) Karaikal 221. Pitaliya Pltstak Bhandar, Mishra Rajaji Ka 243. Selvi Store House, 185-188, Thirunallar Road RasIa (Reg.) (Rest) 222. Kishore Book Depot, Sardae Patel Marg {Reg.) Kumta 244. S. V. Kamat, Kumla (Reg.) Ja-mhedpur 223, Gupta Stores, Dhatididith (Re~.) Ka:zi,pet 245. V. A. N. Raju, News Agent (Rest) JIHIIBIIgIIr 224. Swadeshi Vastu Bhandar, Ratnabai Masjid Knrseong Road (Re~.) 240. Ashokra Bros, 69·Hill Cart Road. P.O. 225. Scientific & Technical Literautre Co. (Rest) Kursell (Rest) Karnaiaka Jodhpur 247. Aspiration Stores, Via Hospet (Rest) 226. Dwarka Das Rathi, Whole,ak Books, Cinema and News AgcllIs. OntDa Sujatigarh (Reg.) Kotlayam 227. Rajasthan l.o.w House, Higll Court (Reg.) 248 Law Indian Rook Sellers & Publishers (R~sl) 228. Kanpoon Prakashak, Opp. Uurudwara, Anand Ke!ilItwar Cinema Road (Reg.) 229. United Book Traders; Opp, Police Lane. (Rest) 249. Wazir Book Depl)t. (J&Kl (Rest) 230. Charbhuja Traders. Juni Mandi (Rest) Lucknow 250. British Book Depot 84, Hazala! Ganj (Reg.) Jalr.t~pur 251. Eastern Book Co., 24, Lalbakh Road (Reg.) 231. Modern Book HOllse, 286-Jawaharganj (Reg.) 252. Ram Advani HClzarat Gallj. P.B. 154 (Reg.) 232. Paras Book. l2<)·Cantt. (Reg.) 253. S. Kumar and Assnciat~~, Guru C;l)vind Singh Jhau. Marg [Reg.) 233. Universal Law Hou~, Manik ChLJwk (Rest) 254. Aquarium Supply Co. C-14, Vivekauandpuri (Rest) Jammu 255. Law Book Academy. 195·RajenJra Nagar 234 Heldia Publishers, 128·A, Gandhi Nagar (Rest) (Rest) BO

2S0. Tribal Research Cenhe, Block No. II Sllrajball Ludhiana Rd, Sadar (Rc'lt) 256. Lyall Book Depot. Chavra Bazar 1Reg.) Nadliad 257. Mohindra Bros .. Kachori Road (Re·st) 2S 1. RS. Dc&ai, StatiDlI Road (R

Moradabd 295. People Publis\ing H()me (P) Ltd., Rani Jhansi Rllild (Reg.) 272. Rama Book Depot, Statio:! Rond (Rest) 2%. Rama Kli~lllll & Sons (LuitlJlc). 161B, Conn· auglJt Pldce (Reg.) Mho ..... Cantt. 'In. R. K. Publishers 23, Bed:lI1pur, Karol Bagh 273. Oxford Book Depot. Main Street (Rc,(1 (Reg.) 274. A.N. Gupta Railway Bot1k Stall, Railway Sta­ 2Sg. Intcrnatiolll lliJok H()U5e. Nehru Place (Rest) tion (Rest} 299, Ravindra BOOK Agency, 30·C Amar Colony Market, i\agar (Reg.) Mll~lHi Lajpat 275. Hind Traders, Ramanand She·p. Deodhar Road 300. Hilld Hook House, 82-Janpath (Reg.1 (Rest) 301. Sat Naraill & Soll1>, 40·A NDMC Market, Barbar R()ad (Reg.) MySOfe ~02. Delhi l3o()k Co., Mi 12, Connaught Circus 276. Pl!OP!c &mk HUIISC, OIlP. Jaga.l Molmn Palace . (Rest) (Reg.) 3(J3, Navrait:g P.B. 7.1ndrapuri (Re~t) 277. Geeta Book Hou,e. New Statue Circl~ (Reg.) 304. HOlIk lndia CDrporation, New Rohrak RlIad Nainital (Reg.) ~78. O.luncilllook Depot. [lara lJa~r (Reg.) 305. Gill\}: Publish(!~:; (,33, Niz.amuJdin East (Rest) 'iall;pur ]!l6. Sdcnlific In5[rumcnts Stores. A·35S, N~w Raj­ 219. Western Rook Depot. Re,idmcy Read. inder t\agar (Re,b.) 131

307. Jain Bros., East Park Road, Karol Bagh (Rest) Nohlta 337. SJlli Shayam Sund~I Mcrsa, MUllShif Magistrate. & 308. Jain Map Uook Ag<:n,y, K~loillagil (Reg.) Nokha (Rest, 309. Eastern Book Enterprises, !274/3, Hari Singh N., 302 Gantam Nagar (Rest) 348. Raka Book Agency. Opp. Nath~rs Chawal, Near 324. S. Chand & Co., Ltd. P.O. Box No. 5733 Ram Appa Balwanl Chowk (Reg.) Nagar (Reg.) 349. Verma Rook Centre, 649 Naraya Path (Rest) 325. Need Prakashan, 0-50. South Extcnsion (NDSE) Part,l (Rest) 350. Popular Book House. 75 Deccan Ghym Khana (Reg.) 326. Salish Book lJepot. 51/12. New Markel. Karol Ragh (Rest) 351. DlIsfalle Ramachandra & Co., 456, Raviwar 327. Mohan Law House, 0·6/7. Malviya Nagar Path, Phadke Hand Crowk (Rest) (Rest) Pudukkottai 328. Mahajan Book Agency. Nanga I Raya (Reg.) 352. Mccnakshi Pathippagam, 4142 East Main 32? Rajcndra Book Agency, Double Storey, Laipat Street (Rest) Nagllr (Rest) 353. P. N, Swaminathan & Co., Bazar Street (Reg.) 330. Eagle Book Scrvi~es, F-195. Mansarover Garden (Reg) Rajkat 331. Suneja Book Centre, Co,lnaughl Circus (Reg.) 354. Vinay Book Depot Opp., Heallh Visitors S~hool, Bank of India Building (Reg.} 3';2. Lakshmi Book ~jore. hnpath (Reg.) 355. Mohan La! Oossabhai, State Bank of India 333. Metropolitan Book Co. Ltd .. 1 Netaji Subhash Building (Reg.) Marg [Reg.) Raj pur 33f Progressive Book Depot. Pahar Ganj [Rest) 356. Central Book House, Sadar Bazar (Rest) 335. Space Age, lst-D/l36. Lajpat Nagar (Rest) Raothi 336. Kamal Publications. JJ-Bhagal Singh Market Malvia Nagar (Rest) 357. Crown Book Depot, Upper Bazar (Reg.) 132

Rajgangpur SaharanpUl 358. Crown Tire & Equipment Co. Block No. I, Qr. 372. ChanDra Bharata Pustaka Bhandar. Court Road No. 30 D.C. Colony (Rest) (Rest)

Robertsonpet Tirucl1 ckirappalli 359. Eswari Book Centre, J1 & 12 P. K. Market 373. Shri Vidya Book Shop, 62 High Road (Rest) (KGF) 563122 (Rest) Tri-vanilrum Rothak 374. Sukumai Book Stall, Station Road (Rest) 360. Manthan Publications, B-11l1l629, Para Mahalla (Rest) 375, International Book Depot, P. B. 4 Main Road (Reg.) Sallgrtn' 376. Shri Devi Book House) Devi Vilas Compound (Reg.) 361. Darashan Pustakalaya. Gandhi Marg (Reg.)

Secunderabadl TutiCl)rID 371. K. Thiagarajan (Rest) 362. Amapurana Industries. 1-3-14 Kalasegada (Rest) Umreth Simla 378. Indu Kumar o.chhav Lal Gandhi (Rest) \ 363. Minerva Book House, The Mall (Rest) Varanlltli Sikkim 379. Vi~wa Vidhyalaya Prakashan C~owk (Reg.) 364. Rachna Development Area, Gantok (Rest) 380. International Publicity Services. Bhainonath Kathki Haveli (Reg.) Sbillong '381. Kalpana Corporation. P.B. No.5, Varanasi 365. Paul Agency & Distributors, Umpling. Shillong (Rest) (Rest) 382. Meena Book Centre. Varanasi

Sivakasi Visakha,patnam 366. Ganesh Stores, South Car Street (Rest) 383. GuPta Bros., (Books) Vizia Building, Main Road (Reg.} Sal~m 384. Bonk Centre, Main Road (Rest) 367. Jain Magazine Agency, Rajgarh Road (Reg.) Vijayawadll Sural 385. Vishalandhra Publishing. Chand Ram Build­ 368. Shri Gajanan Pustakalaya, Tower Road (Reg.) ing (Rest) 3.69. Raguwanshi Law House, Near Pura Gate 386. Novadaya Subscription Agency (Reg.) . (Rest) Vi lIuptJram Solllpur 387. Baby Stores, 167·168. Thiru·vi·ka-Road (Rest) 370. Gazanan Book Stores, Main Road (Rest) Vellore Sunam 388. S. ,Thangavelu, Booshan Nagar. Solavanpet 371. Samba Agencies, Geeta B.~n }1oad (Rest) (Rest)

MGlPCBE-S8-t Cen,us/TN/B4-1 R-6-85~300