Decade of Centenaries 2012-2023 2021 Programme Contents

Foreword from the Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media 3

Context from the Chair of the Expert Advisory Group (EAG) on Centenary Commemorations 4

Decade of Centenaries Programme 2021 5

Objectives of the Programme 6

Themes under the Programme 7

Strands of the Programme 8

STATE CEREMONIAL STRAND 9

HISTORICAL STRAND 10

COMMUNITY STRAND 27

CREATIVE IMAGINATION STRAND 38

Key contacts and resources 45

click here on each image in the Programme for caption/credit information’

| Page 2 Foreword

I am very pleased to present The State’s role is to set a measured, inclusive and The commemorative programme for 2021 the Decade of Centenaries sensitive tone; to faithfully present our history, is supported with a budget of €5 million – a Programme for 2021. even when the historical record is distressing. significant increase of €3 million on last year’s We must also reflect on the great tragedy of all of funding allocation. those who died or whose lives were transformed We have, as all readers will be acutely The programme acknowledges both the because of the events that took place during those aware, now entered the most challenging military aspects as well as the constitutional years. and sensitive period of commemoration, parliamentary traditions and the democratic which includes the Struggle for Historical accuracy, academic integrity, and processes underpinning all traditions on this Independence, Partition, the Foundation archival discovery are key tenets of the island. It explores the social, cultural, and of the State and the Civil War. My commemorative programme, which follows closely economic changes that were taking place during responsibility, as Minister for Tourism, the centenary timeline of the events that occurred this period. It highlights the contribution of Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media, in this period. women during this time and their experiences. is to ensure that this complex period The programme will be a living document, Our revolutionary past poses challenging in our history is remembered with an updated as plans continue to evolve and new questions. The Government’s approach, in appropriate, meaningful, proportionate partnerships and projects are confirmed. considering how best to mark the sensitive and sensitive programme, which recognises forthcoming anniversaries in an appropriate, The history of this period belongs to all of us the legitimacy of all traditions, and values measured and respectful way, has at all times and I would like to sincerely thank everyone mutual respect and historical authenticity. been informed and guided by the Expert Advisory who has contributed to the programme – our The guidance of the Expert Advisory Group on Centenary Commemorations, under the local authorities, local community groups and Group on Centenary Commemorations excellent stewardship of Dr Maurice Manning and commemorative committees, National Cultural is clear - the focus of the State should Dr Martin Mansergh. I would like to express my Institutions, institutions of learning, custodians remain on commemoration, remembrance appreciation to the Group for this very important of records, artists and creative communities, and reconciliation. It is important to work. I am reconvening the All-Party Consultation media and broadcasting organisations, among acknowledge that this does not mean that Group on Commemorations and I look forward to others. The commitment, enthusiasm, and we ignore differences or divisions. The engaging with the Group on the Programme. ambition of our partners has created engaging journey towards self-determination and and imaginative activities to encourage as many There are many ways of learning about our past nationhood was a complex and difficult one, people as possible to explore our shared history, and this programme seeks to make our history interspersed with acts of unprecedented in all of its complexity, in a respectful and accessible, engaging and relevant for everyone. violence and tragedy. supportive environment. In this programme you will find a rich diversity of initiatives to remember and commemorate Catherine Martin, TD the significant events that occurred in 1921 and important broader themes. Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media

| Page 3 Context from the Chair of the Expert Advisory Group (EAG) on Centenary Commemorations

When the then Taoiseach, Enda Kenny, ‘... not by trying for an enforced common interest Our local authorities have been Terrible atrocities took place during established the Expert Advisory Group on or universal participation, but by encouraging magnificent partners in this regard these years, which must be considered Centenary Commemorations in 2012, he multiple and plural commemorations, which – driving and supporting respectful very carefully, grounded in the evidence gave us two over-riding instructions. remember the past while ensuring, as far as and meaningful community-led of factual, authentic archival sources. possible, that the commemoration does not re- commemorations, with sensitivity to the Commemoration does not signify The first was to safeguard the integrity ignite old tensions’... local context. celebration and inclusivity does not imply of the entire commemorative process approval of the events that took place. - ensuring that the Decade belonged It is fair to say, I think, that the past eight years As a people, we were rightly proud of to the people and that there would of commemoration have been both rewarding how we commemorated the events of We all have a responsibility to continue be no manipulation for political or and enjoyable. There is, as yet, no sense of 1916 - with style, generosity, pride and our exploration of our past with other purposes - whether it came from commemoration fatigue, notwithstanding kindness. We became a people at ease sensitivity, curiosity and empathy; Government or other vested interests. the challenges presented by the evolving with our own history – moving beyond our embracing all of its nuances and COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the own particular perspective to view events complexities in an inclusive and respectful The second was to lay down guiding Decade, there has been strong buy-in from all objectively. manner. These are fragile times, where principles and values to ensure that the stakeholders across the political, community, extreme language and posturing can historical events to be remembered were Most importantly of all, we appreciated education and enterprise sectors and in cause so much hurt, bitterness and harm, authentic, and that the commemorative the space and respect given to voices the global Irish community. The opening undoing the generous, collaborative spirit programme was respectful, sensitive, who perhaps could not speak freely of archives and the busy burrowing of of the past few years. It will be a shame citizen-focused and proportionate. before, who now had the freedom to historians - professional and amateur - is - and shameful - if the spirit of openness commemorate their own traditions as In going about our work, we were very giving new insights, new knowledge and a and tolerance which has made all of this part of the various strands that make our conscious that on this island we have new appreciation of the complexities of this possible is fractured and damaged. We all common history. a common history but not a common period. have a responsibility to ensure that this is memory of these shaping events. It is my fervent hope that this genuinely not allowed to happen. We have also seen unprecedented public inclusive spirit, with the principles We were very clear, in all of our engagement and pride in the exploration In all that we do, we must continue to and values that have shaped the statements, that commemorations should of history, particularly local and family strive for respectful, measured, non- commemorative process up to now, will not ignore differences and divisions. The history. We have seen the extraordinary partisan remembrance, which promotes continue to prevail, especially as we goal of inclusiveness, we said, is best capacity of local communities to mobilise and peace and reconciliation across the island continue to face into remembrance of the achieved; achieve successful outcomes when the right of Ireland. Struggle for Independence, Partition, the structures and supports are put in place to Foundation of the State and the Civil War. combine our individual efforts, expertise and creativity. Dr Maurice Manning Chair of the Expert Advisory Group on Centenary Commemorations

| Page 4 Impact of the Decade of Centenaries COVID-19 national Programme 2021 emergency The on-going COVID-19 national emergency has significantly impacted In 2021, the State will commemorate a number of significant centenaries, culminating in the upon the usual Decade of Centenaries signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6th December, leading into the Civil War period. programme delivery mechanisms with the cancellation or postponement of public commemorative events and associated This is likely to be the most challenging period 2021 is the beginning of a final three-year outreach activities. This was particularly of the Decade of Centenaries Programme programme of the Decade of Centenaries. It challenging in 2020 with significant plans to date. The Government’s approach to this is envisaged that this will allow a more holistic This is likely to be for Cork City and County Programmes period will be to set a measured, respectful and approach to the remainder of the Decade and the most challenging having to be cancelled and/or postponed, inclusive tone which encourages the public to will help partners and stakeholders to develop including a State commemoration. period of the Decade engage with the history of this period through new programmes and initiatives over the next The conditions for safely holding public interesting and imaginative initiatives. This will three years. of Centenaries commemorative events in 2021 are likely help to encourage a deeper understanding of The Programme elements will share a to remain challenging. As the public health the context of the time, which is accepting of the Programme to date. common set of broad themes and ideas but advice and measures to contain the spread differing perspectives on our shared history and can be nuanced each year to allow for specific The Government’s of COVID-19 evolve, the Department of seeks to strengthen peace and reconciliation on centenaries to be remembered in different Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport the island of Ireland. approach to this ways. These themes are outlined on page 7. and Media will continue to work with The Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, period will be to set a partners and stakeholders to determine This Programme for 2021 is the culmination Gaeltacht, Sport and Media is responsible to what degree and in what format, of collaboration right across Government, measured, respectful for co-ordinating the development of an planned events can proceed. Plans for all the National Cultural Institutions, institutes appropriate cross-governmental programme and inclusive tone commemorative activities in 2021 will of learning, local authorities, arts and cultural to remember the significant historical events continue to be informed and underpinned partners and other key stakeholders. It which encourages and themes of the Decade of Centenaries. This by the public health advice and protective represents a snapshot in time and will be approach is grounded in the principles laid down the public to engage health measures. developed further as the year unfolds with by the Expert Advisory Group on Centenary new ideas and new partnerships developed with the history of Stakeholders will be invited to develop Commemorations in its Original Statement as appropriate and in line with the objectives initiatives that support alternative (published in 2012), Second Statement this period through of the Decade of Centenaries Programme approaches to citizen engagement, such (published in 2017) and its subsequent guidance 2021-2023. Many of the new partnerships interesting and as the development of curated digital (published in January 2019). and initiatives will be carried through into imaginative initiatives.” content, online exhibitions, podcasts, The Minister also chairs the All-Party the programme for the Civil War and the webinars, virtual tours, artistic and Consultation Group on Commemorations in remainder of the Decade of Centenaries. creative endeavours, and other online relation to the Government’s plans for the It also includes indicative plans for the outreach activities for people of all ages. Programme. The Group is a useful forum to remainder of the Decade of Centenaries. explore a broad spectrum of views.

| Page 5 Objectives of the Programme

The objectives of the Decade of Centenaries Programme have remained constant from the outset for all of those involved in the commemorative process. It is proposed that these objectives will remain in place for the remainder of the Decade, as follows:

To focus on themes of reconciliation and on remembrance of all of those who lost their lives during this period;

To promote a deeper understanding of the significant historical events of this period, recognising that the shared historical experiences of those years gave rise to very different narratives and memories;

To encourage reflection about the multiple identities, traditions and perspectives that are part of the overall Irish historical experience;

To respond with sensitivity to the local historical context, acknowledging that there was no uniform experience within counties or across the island of Ireland; and

To continue to promote a consultative and open approach to commemorations, which seeks to strengthen peace and reconciliation across the island of Ireland. A core element of reconciliation is acknowledgement of the legitimacy of all of the traditions on the island that draw their identity and collective memory from our shared history.

| Page 6 Themes Reflection – Community-led Establishing a New Order – 1 commemoration and reflection; remembering 6 Exploring the significance of local government under the local legacies, personalities, places, events reform and the evolution of new political and and themes that have particular significance administrative structures at national and local level; within counties, parishes and communities. Programme Establishment of the various institutions of the Irish Free State (including Civil Service, the Defence Forces, An Garda Síochána, judiciary, and courts The following broad themes are Remembrance – Respectful, sensitive and based on the Guidance from services); non-partisan remembrance of all of those the Expert Advisory Group on 2 Development of new infrastructure (transportation, who suffered and died during the period Centenary Commemorations as communications, postal services); and from 1921-1923. published in January 2019. They Continuing the parliamentary tradition - Elections are intended to support partners during this period – the prominent personalities and stakeholders in developing and issues associated with the local and national their initiatives and projects and The Partitioning of Ireland – Exploration elections 1920 to 1923. encourage a level of consistency 3 of the impact and legacy of the events that in approach to programme occurred during this period on communities development while still allowing living along the newly established border A Changing Society during this period, including: flexibility, community-led, and and further afield. creative interpretations. 2021 will 7 The labour movement and civil disobedience be the beginning of a final three- Popular social, cultural and civic movements year programme of the Decade of Centenaries. The Programme will Ireland and the Wider World – Social class and gender share a common set of broad themes 4 Exploration of the international dimension, The Irish language and ideas, but these can be nuanced including local connections, emigration, and The Land Question each year to allow for specific the role of the Irish Diaspora in the events The significance of sport in communities centenaries to be remembered in that occurred during the revolutionary The humanitarian response during the Struggle for different ways. These themes are: period. Also, exploring the evolution of all- Independence and the Civil War island institutions following partition. Innovation in the fields of agriculture, industry, science, commerce and medicine Experiences of women - Exploration of 5 the experiences of women during this period and their contribution to the events that Creative thinking and the arts – poetry, literature, occurred, including their changing role in 8 music, theatre, and other art forms, 1921 – 1923. society.

| Page 7 Strands STATE CEREMONIAL STRAND A State Ceremonial Strand comprises a limited number of symbolic acts of national commemoration focusing on themes of remembrance and reconciliation and on the commemoration of all those who lost their lives of the during this period.

Programme HISTORICAL STRAND

In order to achieve the Programme A Historical Strand comprises a diverse range of activities designed to objectives, and to provide a framework encourage authentic historical enquiry about this period and promote for the thematic approach, the the use of primary archival sources. Initiatives will be developed in collaboration with State partners, National Cultural Institutions, approach to the development and institutions of learning, and other stakeholders. delivery of the Decade of Centenaries Programme for 2021–2023 comprises four thematic strands: COMMUNITY STRAND

A Community Strand will involve a collaborative approach – similar to that adopted for the 1916 centenary commemorations - between the State, local authority network and community organisations, including in Northern Ireland where appropriate.

CREATIVE IMAGINATION STRAND

A Creative Imagination Strand will continue to encourage artistic and creative expression in remembrance of the significant historical events of the period from 1921 to 1923 and all of those who lost their lives.

| Page 8 State Ceremonial 1 Strand The Expert Advisory Group recommends that a formal commemoration for all of those who lost their lives during the Struggle for Independence be held on the 11th July 2021, or on a suitable date close to the centenary of the coming into effect of the Truce. It is envisaged that this symbolic act of national commemoration will focus on themes of remembrance and reconciliation. This event will be led by the Department of the Taoiseach with support where appropriate from the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media. The marking of other significant events will be led by local authorities also with support from the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media.

| Page 9 Historical 2 Strand The State’s approach to the remembrance of the period covered by the Decade of Centenaries has to date been based on the ethos of authenticity, inclusivity and partnership. The Department will help to develop and co-ordinate imaginative and informative programmes, engaging the public in new ways and encouraging and guiding citizens in interpreting the impact of this pivotal part of our history.

We will continue to support initiatives that encourage ongoing research and free public access to authentic historical sources, including local archival sources, local research and scholarship.

2 | Page 10 Historical authorities andotherpartners. work collaboratively with theNationalCultural Institutions, local of Tourism, Culture,Arts,Gaeltacht, SportandMediawewill This contentwillbegenerated andmanaged by theDepartment It willbestructuredaroundanumberofthemesincluding: and on-lineexhibitions. known, intheform of curated podcasts, webinars previously not accessible to thepublicor widely The content will highlight stories andmaterial professional anddomestic roles duringthisperiod. women’s participation inpolitical,military, project involves collaborative initiatives highlighting launched by theDepartment inMay 2021. This of women intheperiod1921to1923isbeing A new dedicated resource to highlight therole 100Mná Role ofwomenintheOireachtas Independence andtheCivilWar Role ofwomen’s organisationsintheCampaignfor Role ofwomenadvocating forIrelandInternationally Partition Experiences ofwomenonbothsidestheborderfollowing Pioneering professionalwomen Extension ofthefranchise –universal suffrage Violence againstwomen

| Page 11 Historical over theremainderof the Decade. the roleofwomen inkey centenarymoments platform willbe launchedinMay tohighlight www.mna100.ie history resourceisunderdevelopment – Centenaries, anew, online women’s For thefinalphase of theDecade 1912-1923. rounded pictureofIrelandduringtheyears protagonists; now, itisrichanddiverse, amore and themaincitieswithaselectcastofkey longer astorythatemanatesfromthecapital Decade ofCentenariesco-ordinators.Itisno amplified by theworkof the localauthority of centenaryevents hasbeenfacilitatedand natural genderbalance.The communityfocus a morereflective selection ofmaterial,witha National Cultural Institutionshas facilitated The digitisationofarange ofsources by our the historiccanon. revolutionary years. Achangeishappeningto meaning, revealing amorecomplex storyofthe Archives Pension Recordhasaddedlayers of of newsourcematerialfromtheMilitary and somelesswell-knownwomen.Awealth public understandingoftheroleknown has ledtoare-interpretationandgreater place inIrelandbetween1912and1923, new aspectsoftheseminalevents thattook and early-careerhistorianshasrevealed New researchandscholarshipby established those revolutionary years. women inshapingIreland’s history during and appreciation of theimportant role of of Centenaries isaricher understanding One of thegreat legaciesof theDecade Mná100 . Thisdedicatedonline guerrilla war. force andavolunteer army engagedina recruits weredrafted intothepolice known astheyear ofterror, asnew in Ireland1920,whichhadbecome was established,toinvestigate events Commission onConditionsinIreland In theUnitedStates,American non-combatants. camps. Many ofthoseaffectedwere imprisonments injailsandinternment killed. Thereweremassarrestsand families destitute.Many peoplewere economies, andleaving hundredsof had beendestroyed, devastating local shops, farms,creameries,andfactories in Spring1921.Thousandsofhomes, formation oftheIrishWhiteCross this year aretheevents leadingtothe One significantcentenarymoment Irish BarinNovember 1921. women lawyers whowerecalledtothe franchise forwomentothefirstIrish range fromtheattainmentoffull The centenarymomentsfeaturedwill who cameafterwards. who lived duringthistimeandthose those years shapedthelives ofwomen website willlookathowtheevents of unprecedented years ofchange.The campaign forindependenceduringthese abroad whoassistedIrelandinthe were active inIreland,aswellwomen It willfeaturenewstoriesofwomenwho women inkey centenary moments over theremainder of theDecade. This dedicated onlineplatform willbelaunchedin May to highlight the role of www.mna100.ie were released. Mountjoy Jailbeforetheircomrades May Burke hadalreadyescapedfrom although Linda Kearns, EithneCoyle, and of 1921.Prisonerswerereleased, A Truce inhostilitiescamethesummer second DáilÉireann. O’Callaghan waselectedtoserve inthe international media.WidowKate with thegeneral publicandthe the Irishcampaignforindependence their storiesandgarneredsympathy for infrastructure. Theirwidows conveyed with anationalandlocalgovernment had setupanalternative administration were beingtargeted,asDáilÉireann Murders. Atthattime,electedofficials in whatbecameknownastheCurfew city by CrownForces inMarch1921, Michael O’Callaghan, werekilledinthe Mayor GeorgeClancyandformerMayor figures intheirgrief. Theirhusbands, and KateO’Callaghan becomingpublic highlight theimportanceofMaryClancy City andCountyCouncil,willalso Mná100, inpartnershipwithLimerick Ireland by theIrishWhiteCross. million inaid,whichwasdistributed Ireland oversaw thecollectionof$5 American CommitteeforReliefin Following hearingsandreports,The Historical Adviser for Mná100 Dr SinéadMcCoole the countryheadedtowardsCivilWar. among themostvocal oftheopponentsas five femalemembersofDáilÉireannwere signed inLondon inDecember1921, the Treaty with Great Britain and Ireland were When thearticlesofagreementfora Revolutionary Recollections. is recordedinhermemoir, A Dáil Girl’s including KathleenMcKenna, whose story the storiesofwomeninvolved, began inLondon. Mná100willexplore In Autumn1921,treatynegotiations public life; 100 years of women inpoliticsand tour ofthepop-upmuseumexploring Links toinformationaboutthevirtual National andInternational ‘The Year 1920–IrishTrailblazers, 15 hosted by DrSinéadMcCoole,on Recording ofthelunchtimelecture, 22 hosted by DrSinéadMcCoole, on Recording ofthelunchtimelecture, Mainly Museumsarticle Take theTour campaign forindependence States in1920duringIreland’s centenary ofevents intheUnited th nd December2020,tomarkthe September2020,entitled

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Historical project totheendof2022. under ProjectIreland2040,tosupportthisresearch Department ofCulture,HeritageandtheGaeltacht, a capitalgrant allocationof€2.5million fromthe engagement oftheCivilWar onJune30 of Ireland,whichwasdestroyed intheopening virtual reconstructionofthePublicRecordOffice collaborative researchprojectworkingtocreatea Beyond 2022isanall-islandandinternational Centenaries. meaningful, livinglegacybeyond thecurrentDecade of access toIrishhistoryforanewgeneration, andoffersa to thefuture.Ourcollaborative framework restores Together, wearereconstructingthepastandlooking partner institutionsacrossIrelandandinternationally. 2022 Project,wearedrawing strengthfromover 50 field couldnotbetilled.Now, throughtheBeyond For generations afteritsdestructionin1922,that archives oftheworldinitsscale,scopeandsignificance. untilled fieldofIrishhistory”. Itmatchedthegreatest Record OfficeofIrelandwasdescribedasthe“great Shortly beforetheterriblefireof1922,Public Ireland’s Record Virtual Treasury 2022:Beyond On 5 th December2019,theTaoiseach announced th , 1922.

Ireland andabroad. share ourresearchwithaudiences acrosstheislandof During 2021,wewillcelebrate ourcollaborations and the DecadeofCentenaries. Treasury willserve asalivingandgrowinglegacyfrom reconstruct Ireland’slosthistory. TheVirtualRecord worldwide arejoiningusinthissharedmissionto Many ofthemostimportantmemoryinstitutions those interestedinIrishhistoryathomeandabroad. open-access resource,freelyavailable onlinetoall The VirtualRecordTreasury ofIrelandwillbean building. an immersive 3-Dreconstruction ofthedestroyed together thisricharray ofreplacementitemswithin collections ofourarchivalpartners.We willbring transcripts andotherrecordsscatteredamongthe will belinked andreassembledfromcopies, Many millionsofwordsfromdestroyed documents launch theVirtualRecordTreasury ofIrelandonline. On thecentenaryofFour Courtsblaze,wewill terrible fireonehundred years ago. USA, weareworkingtorecover whatwaslostinthat Participating InstitutionsinIreland,Britainandthe our five CoreArchival Partners and over 40other dating backtothetimeofNormans.Together with of Irelandstoredseven centuriesofIrishrecords The ‘RecordTreasury’ atthePublicRecordOffice Project Director Dr Peter Crooks event, theattackonCustomHouse on25 (LGARM) grouptomarkthecentenaryofanearlier Local Government Archives and RecordsManagers In May 2021,wearedelightedtopartnerwiththe Then, tomarkthe99 and places. (Belfast), containawealthofdetailsaboutpeople local countyarchives acrossIrelandandinPRONI government. Theirrecords,whichare heldin councils wereestablished,Grand Juriesran local Board forIrelandweredestroyed. Beforecounty 1921, whenthearchives oftheLocal Government Courts blazeon30 treasury ofhistoricalrecords. Irish pastandtodigdeeperthan ever intoourrich Britain, enablingustolinkscattered fragments ofthe 2022 hasforgeddeepeningarchival connectionsin identities. Theshowcasedemonstrates how Beyond also oftiestrade, culture,family andevolving a storynotonlyofconquestandcolonisationbut interconnection betweenourtwoislands,presenting UK, thisevent willexplore the centuries’deep London incollaboration withTheNationalArchives History, DeepeningConnections

th June,wewillhost‘Deep th anniversary ofthe Four ’. Presentedfrom

th May | Page 13 Historical Institutions Cultural National period andrelatedthemes. complexities oftheevents ofthis of alltraditions toreflectuponthe creating opportunitiesforpeople custodians ofourhistoryandculture; recognition oftheirsignificantroleas National Cultural Institutions,in to workinpartnershipwiththe The Departmentwillcontinue following: the Programme includethe under theHistoricalStrand of development for2021/2022 The initiatives under session wasnothelduntil1 28 on 21 held intheMansionHouse,Dublin of DáilÉireannorthe‘FirstDáil’were December 1918,thefirsttwosessions Following theGeneral Electionof 1919-April 1922 Cabinet Minute Books April hard-copy records. The publiccanaccess thesefiles involves creating high resolution digitalimages of and from original format into adigitalone,inthecaseof theNational Archives this Digitisation isthe process of converting information from a physical Digitisation Projects minute booksfrom26 The cabinet’smeetingsarerecorded in of theDepartmentPropaganda. Agriculture andLaurenceGinnel, head became headoftheDepartment Secretary ofIndustries.RobertBarton Secretary ofLabour;andEoinMacNéill, Countess ConstancedeMarkievicz, Plunkett, SecretaryofForeign Affairs; Government; CountGeorgeNobel William TCosgrave, SecretaryofLocal Cathal Brugha,SecretaryofDefence; Michael Collins,SecretaryofFinance; of HomeAffairsandDeputyPresident; government: ArthurGriffith,Secretary his cabinetofthenewSinnFéin The followingday heappointed Aire). President ofDáilÉireann(Príomh- when EamondeValera waselected th NATIONAL ARCHIVES April1922 st - 22 nd January1919.Thethird th April 1919to st April1919 six weeks. of theCommitteeover aperiodof material producedby theworkings research andadministrative Archives compriseminutes,drafts, records heldintheNational initially by MichaelCollins.The Irish Free State. Itwaschaired draft thefirstConstitutionof Government inJanuary1922to was appointedby theProvisional The ConstitutionCommittee Constitution Committee 1922 here . destroyed duringtheCivilWar in1922. including digitalcopiesofarchives, of thePublicRecordOfficeIreland, digitally reconstructtherecordtreasury in IrelandandtheUnitedKingdom,to team andotherarchivalinstitutions partnership withtheBeyond 2022 The NationalArchives continuestoworkin

| project Page 14 Historical NATIONAL ARCHIVES House, DublinCastle,on6 This exhibition willopenattheCoach centenary ofthesigningTreaty. significant exhibition tomarkthe the intentionthereforetocurate a held by theNationalArchives. Itis most significanthistoricaldocument The Anglo-IrishTreaty isperhapsthe Treaty on6 July 1921to thesigningof the Collections chartingthe Truce in from theNational Archives an historical context with records Treaty inDecember 1921from the signingof the Anglo-Irish events leadingupto andfollowing opportunity to commemorate the This year presents aunique Treaty. prior tothefinalagreementon Treaty delegationinLondon in1921, the centenaryoftimespentby the with theIrishEmbassy, tocoincidewith to theDublinopeninginconjunction exhibition inLondon intheweeksprior 2021. Therewillbeapreview 2021 th December that year. and the NationalArchives andthe th December exhibition willinclude: Using theTreaty asthecentrepiece, the events fromthatperiod. contribute tothetellingoffullstory including objectsandimageswhichalso other materialsfrompartnerinstitutions to highlighttheserecordsaswell agreement oftheTreaty. Itisproposed in London intheweeksrunning upto itself andthetimespentby thedelegation around theTreaty negotiations,theTreaty documents thatrepresenttheevents is therepositoryformany recordsand The NationalArchives Treaty collection Gardens and22HansPlace. delegation lived at15Cadogan during thenegotiationswhen Treaty DelegationstimeinLondon Accounts specificallyrelatingtothe minutes Original ‘handwritten’ Cabinet Treaty up toandfollowingthesigningof Dáil ÉireannTreaty debatesleading Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921 June 1921–September Peace negotiationscorrespondence digital platforms. both inpersonandusingarange of with aswideapublicpossible, exhibition sothatwecanengage as guidedtourswillsupportthe talks, adigitalprogramme aswell universities. Workshops, curated to citizens,includingschoolsand those involved inIrishpoliticallife from historiansandacademics, reach abroadanddiverse audience The Exhibitionwillbedesignedto Director Orlaith McBride

Archives” held bytheNational historical document the mostsignificant Treaty isperhaps The Anglo-Irish relating totheTreaty. held by theNationalArchives include many oftherecords piece, theexhibition will Using theTreaty asthecentre Treaty on6 signing oftheAnglo-Irish to markthecentenaryof curate asignificant exhibition The NationalArchives will Exhibition Treaty 1921 Anglo-Irish th December1921.

| Page 15 Historical THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF IRELAND(NLI) initiatives. commemorative events andlearning collections andengaginglocally with sharing andpromotingthenational The Programme willbenationalinscope, ages. activities forallschool-agelearnersof online tours,workshops,andotherlearning of engagementwithschoolstoinclude project, andtherolloutofaprogramme associated withtheTowards aRepublic online educationalresourcesandofferings schools. TheNLIaredeveloping further opportunities forprimaryandsecondary TAR project,providing newdigitallearning of anewe-learningresourcebasedonthe This publicevent willalsomarkthelaunch Republic (TAR) withasignificantpublic event. completion ofthefirstphase Towards a In 2021,theNLIplanstocelebrate the and Accounts,1922-1925,many more. the IrishRepublicanArmy Financialpapers Dorothy Pricepapers,AustinStack papers, CumannnamBanDr. Kathleen Clarke Memoirs,ArthurGriffith de Markievicz, AnnieO’Farrelly papers, Materials includelettersfromConstance 2019 to2023initsdigitalrepository. available onlineonaphasedbasisfrom digitised papersarebeingmadeopenly ‘Towards aRepublic’. Thecataloguedand cataloguing anddigitisationprojectentitled of key figuresfromthisperiodwithitsmajor Library hasopenedupthepersonalpapers Centenaries from1918–1923,theNational For thesecondphaseofDecade Towards aRepublic (TAR)

aftermath. and negotiatedpeace,theWar’s reprisals andexecutions, ceasefire press andpropaganda,statefunerals, and guerrillawarfare,theinfluenceof the conflictincludingconventional examine key themesandevents of maps andtext, theexhibition will and featuringinterpretive graphics, the NLI’sphotographic collections Archive during2022.Drawing on to openintheNationalPhotographic on anewexhibition ontheCivilWar, Independence”. Work willalsobegin to Truce: Photographs of the War of version ofitsexhibition “From Turmoil develop andreleaseavirtual3D In 2021,theNationalLibrary will Independence’ exhibition Photographs oftheWar of From Turmoil to Truce: December. the signingofAnglo-IrishTreaty in the onsetofTreaty negotiations and between forcesinBritainandIreland, topics suchasthecallingofatruce this period.Theseevents willcover focusing onkey themesandevents of with HedgeSchoolpaneldiscussions will alsocontinueindigitalform, Its partnershipwithHistoryIreland public lectures/panel discussions. a seriesoffree,onsiteandonline a busyevents programme featuring The NationalLibrary isalsocurating public healthrequirements. programme willbecompliantwithall Centenaries. Theseelementsofthe impact ofevents oftheDecade the periodandreflectonongoing discussion, willprovide anoverview of online lecturesfollowedby classroom at adultlearnersbasedonaseriesof A neweducationalprogramme aimed released in2021. development andisscheduledtobe of World War Irelandisalsoin long-term loan.A3-Dvirtualversion from KildareStreettoCavan on ‘World War Ireland’ exhibition transfer Museum whichwillseeitspopular in partnershipwithCavan County new regionaloutreachinitiative The NLIwillalsolaunchamajor ‘World War Ireland’ exhibition archives. international elementsofIrish seeks toidentifyandpromotethe Archives initiative. Theinitiative related specificallytoitsGlobal collaboration withCenturyIreland The NLIwillalsoembarkonanew Century Ireland New collaboration with Director Dr Sandra Collins

| Page 16 , Historical THE NATIONAL MUSEUMOF IRELAND(NMI) for early2022. walking oronlinetoursandamajor symposiumplanned of music,performanceordance aswellthroughtalks, the programme willbedelivered throughthemedium through art,andartpropaganda. Itisenvisaged that politics, expression ofnationalorpersonalidentities themes includingtheintersectionsbetweenartand between bothinstitutions,exploring wide-ranging learning andengagementprogramme is acollaboration of disturbance’ from1913to1923.Theexhibition’s crystallising momentsforIrelandduringthe‘decade The negotiationsfor, andsigningoftheTreaty were divisions withintheIrishnationalistmovement itself. nature oftherelationshipwithBritain,andlong-existing on thesubjectsofstatusnewstateand trends: anear-impassebetweentheIrishandBritish Irish andBritishrepresentatives revealed twoominous on 6 From theTruce ofJuly1921tothesigningTreaty of theNationalMuseumIreland. Hugh Lane,andhistoricalartefactsfromthecollections Lavery, Leo WhelanandothernotableartistsfromThe Barracks. Theexhibition willincludeworksby SirJohn Museum ofIreland–Decorative Arts&History, Collins The exhibition isduetobelocatedintheNational the centenaryofsigningAnglo-IrishTreaty. Museum ofIrelandareco-curating anexhibition tomark Dublin CityGalleryTheHughLaneandtheNational OPENS NOVEMBER 2021 exhibition Anglo-Irish Treaty The Laverys andthe STUDIO AND STATEAND STUDIO th Decemberofthesameyear, negotiationsbetween the iCANProgramme planstoorganiseaseriesofcommemorative seminarsandconferences. the buildingoftheselocalarchives andrelatedproject-basedinitiatives. Between2020and2023 groups andaglobaldiaspora, buildingabroadaudienceofinterestwhoarekeen toparticipatein iCAN communitieshave forgedstronglinkswiththeirlocalresidents,schools,specialinterest accessible tolocalandglobalaudiences. volunteers curate theselocalcollectionsontheircommunityarchive websites,makingthem support communitygroupstocollect,recordandpreserve theirlocalhistoryandheritage.iCAN in partnershipwithLocal Authority HeritageOfficersincountiesClare,Galway andWicklow, to Through theIrishCommunityArchive Network(iCAN),theNationalMuseumofIrelandworks The Irish Community Archive Network (iCAN) Programme enable wideparticipationwith schoolsacrossIreland. a broadcastedschools’conference inautumn2023to repeating ourmistakes? The projectwillconcludewith question: howcanwelearnfromhistoryinordertostop relate totheperiod19201923,incontext ofthe content and/or events thatfocusonNMIobjects,asthey the NMI’steamofeducatorsandfacilitatorstocreate Workshop participantswillbeinvited toengagewith people’s lives today. unresolved histories canhave adetrimentalimpacton through thelensofcontemporary society; exploring how Participants willbeencouraged tofocusontheseevents the foundingofFree StateandtheCivilWar. 1923 includingtheStruggleforIndependence,Partition, workshops focusingonthepivotal events of1920to to participateincross-curricularandinter-disciplinary through theirschoolsorotherpartners, This projectproposestoinvite young people, Giving Young People AVoice Schools’ Project:

and partners. programmes asparticipants their engagementinthe on people’s responses to will reflectinparticular Centenaries. Thispublication commemorate theDecadeof organised by theNMIto of learningprogrammes will documentthediversity National MuseumofIreland Decade ofCentenaries,the As wereflectback over the publication Participation Pathways to

| Page 17 Historical wide range of otherobjects. intelligence files, musicalinstrumentsora reproductions –thesecouldpotentially be narratives willbe developed, including that emphasiselocalobjectsand Archive materialandexhibition panels local museumsandvenues acrossIreland. will bedesignedtotravel concurrentlyto development ofexhibition contentthat the exhibition development; andthe through thepublicconsultationduring connect directlywithlocalcommunities; NMI foreseesthatHistoryofIrelandwill local archive groups andlocallibraries. special interestgroups,localmuseums, with partnersinacademicinstitutions, opportunities fortheNMIteamtolinkin around theexhibition willoffer 1912-1923. Thedevelopment process throughout theDecadeofCentenaries, events oftheperiodbeingremembered up toandincludingthemomentous significant events inIrishhistory, leading offer visitorsanopportunitytoexplore of theIrishFree State.Thegallerieswill commemorations tomarkthefoundation Barracks, coincidingwiththecentenary Decorative ArtsandHistoryatCollins due toopenin2023theMuseumof These permanentexhibition galleriesare for theNationalMuseumofIreland. Sport andMediaCatherineMartin,TD for Tourism, Culture,Arts,Gaeltacht, Galleries -hasbeenapproved by Minister – The20thCenturyHistoryofIreland Funding foramajornewcapitalproject National Museum of Ireland THE NATIONAL MUSEUMOF IRELAND(NMI) accelerator forcivilwar. from avehicle ofpeace intoawritten their aftermathmutatedtheTreaty Dáil debates,tonarrowratification and series ofevents fromsigningtoangry 1923, andtoconsiderwhetherthe ‘decade ofdisturbance’ from 1913to moments forIrelandduringthe signing oftheTreaty ascrystallising also investigate negotiationsfor, and the Irishpeople.Theexhibition will their representationorotherwiseof / Republicanmilitaryforces,and and theCabinet,nascentFree State particularly theroleofDáilÉireann military backgroundtotheTreaty, planned toexamine thepoliticaland open on23 of Ireland,CollinsBarracks, andwill be locatedintheNationalMuseum Anglo-Irish Treaty. Theexhibition will the centenaryofsigning will co-curate anexhibition tomark and theNationalMuseumofIreland DublinCityGalleryTheHughLane Treaty propagandaworks. document, andpro-anti- Collins tosigntheoriginalTreaty pen reputedlyusedby Michael by thesignatories,fountain the Treaty documentautographed comprising, forexample, acopy of the NationalMuseum’s collection, Contemporaneous artefacts from rd November 2021.Itis Director Lynn Scarff the exhibition. A majorpublicationwillaccompany Ireland. National MuseumsNorthern National GalleryofIrelandand at theIrishMilitaryArchives, requested fromsuchbodies A numberofloanshave been Hugh Lanecollection. Williams, ARHA,alsointhe Whelan, RHAandLily Relevant artworksby Leo relevantfi the signatoriesandofother include portraits ofboth of TheHughLane.These period inthecollection RSA RHA,fromtheTreaty Works by SirJohnLavery, RA T personalities oftheTruce-to- depict theprincipalevents and Cashman Collectionthat National Museum’s Joseph Photographs fromthe reaty era.

gures fromthetime.

| Page 18 Historical

| Page 19 Historical acknowledged during the commemorations.’ forever impacted by partition,shouldalsobe life, culture andpolitical aspirations were Southern Unionist tradition, whose way of in 1921. The story of a third group, the 50 years under the Parliament established Ireland experienced seriousalienation over the nationalist community in Northern achievements cannot beoverlooked. Equally, Kingdom, and their prideinitsexistence and with Northern Ireland aspartof the United identification of theunionist community the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. The within this island,particularly upuntil for along time, the totality of relationships partition represented agulf that affected, sensitive challenges. It is recognised that coming into existence posesdifficultand approaching centenary of Northern Ireland As theExpertAdvisoryGroupnote,‘the CENTENARY OF PARTITION Second Phase Guidance ofDecade Centenaries Treoir an Dara Céim gCuimhneachán na Deich mBliana 2018–2023 Comóradh Céad Bliain Comhairleach maidir le An Sainghrúpa Second Pha S e Guidance 2018–2023 Commemorati ons Group on Centenary Expert Advisory

for theforthcomingcentenaries. communication inrelationtoplanning Forum, toensureopenchannelsof the Northern Ireland Office’s Centenary including politicalrepresentatives and stakeholders inNorthernIreland, close contactwithabroadrange of Foreign Affairswillcontinuetomaintain Officials fromtheDepartmentof Expert AdvisoryGroup. line withtheguidanceprovided by the the foundationofNorthernIreland-in events -inparticularonPartition and perspectives persistonmany ofthese to recognisethatvery different Northern Irelandandwillcontinue sensitivities acrosscommunitiesin The programme willtake accountof the anniversaries stilltocome. again guideourapproachtomarking commemoration ofevents todate,will which hasunderpinnedoursuccessful inclusive andrespectfulapproach, overall Irishhistoricalexperience. The and perspectives thatarepartofthe the multipleidentities,traditions continue toencourage reflectionabout period ofcommemorations will The programme fortheforthcoming recorded speechesforthisevent. Minister alsocontributedpre- First MinisterandDeputy and ProfessorMaryDaly. The contributions fromLord Paul Bew Professor Fearghal McGarry, with panel discussion,chairedby a pre-recordedmoderated Ireland, Brandon Lewis MP and Secretary ofStateforNorthern Simon Coveney TDandthe Minister forForeign Affairs, pre-recorded speechesby the Ireland. Theprogramme included and thefoundationofNorthern reflect onthethemesofpartition political leadersandacademicsto This event broughttogether Ireland Act Government of Centenary of the Reflections onthe Thursday, 10 the Government of Ireland Act ‘Reflections on the Centenary of hosted anonlineevent entitled Queen’s University Belfast th December2020.

’ on 2021 tomarkthe100 Consequences’ willtake placeduring ‘The Partition of Ireland: Causesand by Queen’s University Belfast,entitled series ofon-linepublictalks,hosted proposal hasbeenre-imagined. A Due toCOVID-19, theconference Northern Ireland. partition andthefoundationof way ofmarkingthecentenary conference wouldbeanappropriate Commemorations thatanacademic Expert AdvisoryGrouponCentenary with the recommendationby the conference onthisdate,aligning intended tohostafullacademic Queen’s University Belfastoriginally Consequences Ireland: Causesand The Partition of The firsttalkwillairinApril2021. QUB, theRIAandBritishAcademy. Sounds aswellonthewebsitesof will beavailable tothepubliconBBC talks andit’senvisaged thattheseries The BBChasagreedtorecordthe Academy andtheBritishAcademy. Governments, andby theRoyal Irish is supportedby theUKand Irish of thePartition ofIreland. Theseries th anniversary

| Page 20 Historical planned for 2021include: of thisperiod.Initiatives the Diaspora intheevents dimension andtherole of given to theinternational appropriate recognition is network to ensure that support theIrish embassy Media will continue to Gaeltacht, Sport and Tourism, Culture, Arts, The Department of Irish Embassy Network The Departmentisalsosupportingthepublicationoffollowing: War publication oftwoRoyal Irish Academy publications-‘Ireland 1922:Independence,Partition, Civil The DepartmentofTourism, Culture, Arts,Gaeltacht,SportandMediaissupportingthe New Publications Ohlmeyer, TCD; and Gender History 1852-1922fromscholarsinthefieldand aforeword by ProfessorJane class, andcaste inIreland, Europe andIndia on chapters . 20speciallycommissioned Production and publicationof a An editedvolume, with observationsinpoetryand proseby alocalwomen’s collective community 8; Dublin in Shadows andReflections – A Photographic Portrait of the Irish National War Memorial Gardens History Association ofIreland(WHAI)as apublic resource. ’ and‘The Handover: Dublin Castle and the British withdrawal from Ireland’. Female enfranchisement anditslimitations, 1918-2018: Gender, politics, careers aftertheTreaty wassigned. context andthedirectionoflives and ancestors, thewidersocialandcultural reflect onthe Treaty, theroleoftheir input fromhistorians,thisevent will together, bothBritishandIrish.With of thenegotiatorsTreaty event intheEmbassybringingrelatives Fishamble Theatreandpossiblyan of ‘TheTreaty’, anewplay, from a numberofsitespecificperformances conjunction withtheNationalArchives; paintings inLondon; anexhibition in include anexhibition ofJohnLavery’s London. Theplannedprogramme may centenary oftheTreaty negotiationsin developing aprogramme tomarkthe support fromD/TCAGSM, are The IrishEmbassyinLondon, with Bibliography of Irish Women’s History by theWomen’s conference inDerry. keynote panelattheACIS annual through toJune2021,includinga monthly -atleastinitiallyonline to, USinstitutions,andrun scholars basedat,orconnected 2021, withcontributionsfrom programme willbegininearly Independence (1921-22).The Reflections ontheAdvent ofIrish A FartherShore-American and paneldiscussions,entitled organising aseriesoflectures Conference forIrishStudiesare Colleges, andtheAmerican American Universities and Irish studiesprogrammes at D.C., inconjunctionwithleading The IrishEmbassyinWashington Irish Ireland. justice system,thecourts,andpolicingin plans toexplore theoriginsofcriminal Commemorations onthedevelopment of Expert AdvisoryGrouponCentenary leading role,inconsultationwiththe The DepartmentofJusticewillhave a Justice System Origins of our Criminal research. publication andpromotionofthisnew fund willbeestablishedtoassistinthe and theCivilWar period.Anewdedicated experience oftheStruggleforIndependence focusing onthemesassociatedwiththelocal encourage localhistoriansandnewresearch Group, initiatives willbedeveloped to In consultationwiththeExpertAdvisory support localhistorians New Bursary Scheme to

| Page 21 Historical the newcentreon25 new visitorcentreonsite.Ithadbeenintendedtoopen the CustomHouse,includingdevelopment of a programme tomarkthecentenaryofBurning and Heritageisdeveloping abroadcommemorative The DepartmentofHousing,Local Government works schedule). (provisional -subjecttoany furtherrestrictionsand expected thatthecentrewillopeninJune/July 2021 COVID-19 publichealthrestrictions, and itisnow but delivery oftheprojecthasbeendelayed dueto BURNING OF THE CUSTOM HOUSE th May tomarkthecentenary,

| Page 22 Historical THE MILITARYTHE ARCHIVES and BritishGovernment. negotiation oftheTruce betweentheIRA established followingthesuccessful the OfficeofChiefLiaisonOfficer, Evacuation Papers, whichoriginatedfrom the year 1921arethe Truce, Liaison and collections mostdirectlyrelevant to Papers 1918-1922.OneoftheArchives’ History 1913-1923,andthe Collins Pensions Collection, theBureau of Military include theMilitary Service (1916-1923) revolutionary decade1913-1923.These collections central totheevents ofthe The MilitaryArchives holdsmany history canbetraced backasfar1924. only beenatitsnewsiteforafewyears, its 1916 Easter Rising. While the Archives has projects markingthecentenaryof ‘permanent reminders’-legacycapital facility openedin2016asoneofIreland’s Archives islocatedinapurpose-built and Army Pensions Board.TheMilitary Defence Forces, DepartmentofDefence, 1986, forthearchivalrecordsofIrish the termsofNationalArchives Act It istheofficialplaceofdeposit,under Brugha Barracks inRathmines,Dublin. The MilitaryArchives islocatedatCathal Archives The Military 804 6457. [email protected] Room. Appointmentscanbemade through at theCommandantPeter Young Reading many moreareaccessibleby appointment website www.militaryarchives.ie Many resourcesareavailable onor and accessibilityofthishistory. played aleadingroleinthepreservation through itsMilitaryArchives, hasproudly Forces andDepartmentofDefence), The DefenceOrganisation(Defence linked withthestoryofmodernIreland. current DefenceForces, isinextricably the foundationofVolunteers to the The historyofÓglaighnahÉireann,from quantity andaccessibilityofIrisharchives. has fosteredagreatincreaseinboththe of Ireland.TheDecadeCentenaries past ofthecommunitiesonisland understanding thesharedandcomplex Good primarysourcesareessentialto and ontheirlaterlives. women whowereactive duringtheperiod focus ontheroleandexperiences of events fortheyear 1921withaparticular attention toknownandlesser online. Theteamwillcontinuetodraw digitised primarysourcesalreadyavailable adding tothesubstantialcorpusof pension fileswillbereleasedin2021, and runby itsowndedicatedteam.More project isDepartmentofDefenceled The MilitaryServicePensions Collection , and or(01) postponed from2020duetoCOVID-19. focusing onthemilitaryaspect oftheStruggleforIndependence, Military HistorySocietyofIreland andtheMilitaryArchives, This onlineconferenceisscheduled forJuly2021,hostedby the Independence Aspect of theStruggle for Conference ontheMilitary Collection (MSPC) (1916-1923) Pensions The Military Service in 2021,including The MilitaryArchives isalsoplanningforfurtherreleasesofmaterial publications. also underdevelopment, comprisingpublic talks, symposia,and activities. Acomplementarypublicengagementprogramme is broader publicengagementinthecontext oflocalcommunity This materialcanbedrawn onforacademichistoricalenquiryand website here. 2021. Thesecollectionsareavailable throughthemilitaryarchive The MSPCprojectisplanningtworeleasesofadditionalmaterialfor downloadable. Over 2millionindividualpageshave beendigitised. processed, withapproximately 30,000scannedfilescurrently fully Since itsfirstreleaseofmaterialon-line, over 100,000 files have been that thisserieswillbeavailable ontheMilitaryArchives website. History (1913-1921)iscurrentlybeingdigitised.Itplanned The “Contemporary Documentsseries”oftheBureau ofMilitary Military Archives ReadingRoom) Court MartialAdministration Files1922-1924(available inthe

| Page 23 Historical includes podcastsasfollows: proposed programme for2021 decadeofcentenaries.com are available toaccessonwww. with no‘inperson’ audienceand Schools areproducedaspodcasts requirements in2021,Hedge Due totheon-goingpublichealth audiences. a broadappealtowiderange of local historysocieties,butalsohave to special-interestgroupssuchas historical topicstolife.They appeal a novel andinterestingway tobring the DecadeofCentenariesprovide national andlocaltopicsrelatedto on awiderange ofinternational, History Ireland.Theselively debates Sport andMediainpartnershipwith Tourism, Culture,Arts,Gaeltacht, supported by theDepartmentof Hedge SchoolProgramme is The 2021DecadeofCentenaries Programme Hedge School of Centenaries 2021 Decade . The MAR MAY JUN JAN FEB

JUNE MAY MARCH FEBRUARY of NorthernIreland(22 parliament. Centenaryoftheestablishment George VopeningoftheNorthernIreland The burningoftheCustomHouse(25 the War ofIndependence) (on 19 The Crossbarryengagement struggle forIrishindependence. discuss theroleoflocalgovernment inthe and MichaelO’Callaghan. Anopportunityto two Lord Mayors ofLimerick,GeorgeClancy Limerick curfewkillings O’Callaghan (Queen’s University, Belfast). Dictionary ofIrishBiography) andMargaret Patrick Maume(Royal IrishAcademy, (Ambassador ofIrelandtotheUnitedStates) (Journalist andbroadcaster),DanielMulhall and Parnell never met? -MaryKenny Katherine O’Shea centenary—what if she of theDefenceForces) and GerryWhite(Authorformermember (Director, MilitaryServicePensions Project University CollegeCork),CécileGordon (Trinity College,Dublin),AndyBielenberg ‘Spies andinformers beware!’ -EunanO’Halpin JANUARY nd . Themurdersof ). (thelargestof th ) th ) NOV AUG OCT DEC SEP JUL

DECEMBER NOVEMBER OCTOBER SEPTEMBER AUGUST JULY The Treaty—good dealorbad? various borderwars,etc. Finnish civilwar, Russiancivilwar, ‘small wars’inEurope1918-1923— Independence inrelationtotheother Consideration oftheWar of ‘The GreaterWar’ inEurope. administration. First Dáilloanandtheunderground Crowd-funding therevolution. The Ireland. the HistoryTeachers’ Associationof school students,incollaboration with A Podcast tailoredforpost-primary opinion. internationally. Theroleofpublic The propagandawar—including up totheTreaty. The Truce andsubsequentnegotiations

| Page 24 Historical outcomes. the curriculumandspecificlearning linking every resourcetoanareaof relating totheDecadeofCentenaries, Scoilnet willcontinuetopublish content schools, bothprimaryandpostprimary. repository foronlineresources https://www.scoilnet.ie/ Centenaries. period beingmarked by theDecadeof navigating thecomplexities ofthe young peopleandtheir teachersin initiatives andresources to support and continuetodevelop avarietyof its supportservices,have developed The DepartmentofEducation,and Engagement with schools isthenational The closingdateisFriday, 30 studies theme: following general headingsbutcan incorporate alocal/regional and Media,HistoryIreland. Projectsareinvited underthe History, DepartmentofTourism, Culture,Arts,Gaeltacht,Sport Department ofEducation,University CollegeCorkSchoolof the 1912–1922period,orapartofit)issupportedby the for primaryandpost-primaryschools2021(focusingon The ‘DecadeofCentenaries’Irishhistorycompetition download atwww.education.ie/historycompetition awarded inSeptember2021. Full details,areavailable to The CivilWar War ofIndependence Women duringtherevolutionary periodin Ireland Ireland andtheFirstWorld War Revolution inIreland th April2021,andprizeswillbe . century agoandonthenatureofcommemoration itself. on thecontext andevents ofthatformative periodofa array ofperspectives sharetheirinsightsandthoughts Leading scholarsfromdifferent backgroundsandwithan Partition, theTreaty NegotiationsandtheCivilWar. seminars inviting reflectionsonthe War ofIndependence, an initiative ofPresidentHiggins,comprisingaseries Sport andMediaissupportingMachnamh100 The DepartmentofTourism, Culture,Arts,Gaeltacht, Machnamh 100 centenary oftheTruce willissue onThursday 8 programme designs.Thestamps tocommemorate the 8 The stampdesignswereapproved by Government on history isvery significant. Centenaries andthesignificant events inourshared negotiations. This continuedfocusontheDecadeof and twostampstocommemorate theAnglo-Irish Treaty two stampstocommemorate the signing oftheTruce The 2021commemorative stampprogramme includes Programme An Post Commemorative Stamp and willbeformallylaunchedon 11 commemorates thecentenaryofSaorstátÉireann in2022. invited artists andanassociated stampcommission.Artistsare in partnershipwithBusinessto Artsisanewopencallto Also, theAnPost SaorstátÉireannStampCommission with thecentenaryevents. th December2020aspartoftheoverall 2021 stamp tosubmitdetails ofanoriginalartwork,which th July2021totiein . Thisis th July2021

| Page 25 Historical Citizen Engagement COVID-19 publichealthemergency. and popularityinthecontext ofthe in termsofawareness, widervalue under theprogramme thathave gained part ofthesuitedigitaloffering reportage. Thedigitalnewspaperis articles tosupportthehistorical commissioning analysisandfeature archives for2021andarewriting storylines andidentifiedsupporting The researchershave mappedout Boston Collegeandhostedby RTÉ. fortnightly by researchersat in Ireland100years ago,published initiative thattellsthestoryoflife – anonlinehistoricalnewspaper Ireland (www.rte.ie/centuryireland The DepartmentsupportsCentury commemorations. to marktheforthcomingperiodof by RTÉ andothersasappropriate, continue tosupportprojectsdeveloped Arts, Gaeltacht,SportandMediawill The DepartmentofTourism, Culture, Century Ireland ) commemorative period. value tothedocumentaryand and provide additionality andadded accompaniment tobothcomplement the partnerswillcreateanon-line Alongside thethree-partdocumentary, of thatwaranditslegacy. outbreak oftheCivilWar, theconduct charged Treaty Debates and split, to the from theTruce periodtothehighly years oftheIrishState’s foundation Civil War serieswillexamine thecritical support fromtheDepartment,The Irish the DecadeofCentenariesandwith centenary oftheCivilWar. Aspartof broadcast inOctober2022tomarkthe UCC’s Atlas of the Irish Revolution tobe television documentary, basedon of The Irish Civil War, athree-part collaborating onthedevelopment RTÉ andUCCarecurrently RTÉ onlineinitiative developed in2021tohighlightkey aspectsoftheDecadeCentenariesProgramme. supplements. Furthermore, newpartnershipswithnationalprint/on-line mediawillbe Series Century Continued supportforthedistributiontoschoolsofIrishTimes Irish TimesCenturySeries www.rte.ie/history and TheGreatIrishFamineonlinesectionat War ofIndependence,1916,World War I The projectwillbeacompanionpiecetothe . reach awideaudience. initiatives whichhave thepotentialto multi-platform programmes and other broadcasterstodevelop further The DepartmentwillsupportRTÉ and

| of Page 26 Community 3 Strand The local authorities are key partners in the Decade of Centenaries Programme and have had a leading role in driving inclusive, respectful and meaningful community-led commemoration, augmented with appropriate State recognition, support and participation. The Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media has approved a funding allocation of €50,000 for each local authority in 2021, to support the development of appropriate community led commemorative initiatives and allow for advance planning of commemorative initiatives for 2022.

2 | Page 27 Community their plansfor2021: consider thefollowingwhendeveloping Local authoritieshave beenasked to also encouraged aspartofthispackage. as required.Cross-borderinitiatives are centenary events andotherlargerprojects requirements inrelationtospecific authorities whohave any additional been allocatedtosupportthoselocal A supplementaryfundof€200,000has aspects, andlegacies. context, andsocial,economiccultural – themilitaryactivity, thepolitical dimensions interwoven withtheconflict this period,whichrecognisesallofthe the significant events andthemesof adopt abroadfocusinrespondingto Local authoritieswillcontinue to themes. 1921 and1923related events thatoccurredbetween connections withthehistorical have particularlyclose Individual localauthorities expression couldincludebutarenotlimited to: Potential initiatives intheareaofcreative programmes. Teams whiledeveloping theirartisticandcreative to consultwiththeirCreative Ireland/Culture deeply personal.Local authorities areencouraged which may bechallenging,difficultandsometimes consideration ofissues,bothpastandpresent, a platformtoencourage reflectionandthe artists andcreative practitioners willprovide The interpretationofhistoricalevents by our community-led commemorative initiatives. artists andcreative communitiesindeveloping allocation undertheProgramme tosupport allocate atleast€15,000fromtheir2021funding This year, eachlocalauthorityisrequiredto responses community-led Artistic and creative communities andyoung people. engagement witholderpeople, new Creative initiatives designedtosupport Art competitions;and Creative writingprogrammes; of thesecollections; new audiencesandhighlighttheimportance museums, archives andlibraries, tolifefor of archivalmaterialheldinourcounty programmes, thatcanbringtherichstore Artist/Writer/Poet-in-Residence backgrounds andgenres; New artisticcommissionsby artistsfromall exhibitions, performances,etc. Online initiatives, suchasfilms,podcasts, broad publicengagement Initiatives that support Institutions, includingpublicoutreach activities. Collaborative initiatives withtheNational Cultural Digital HeritageProjects(e.g. geo-mapping initiatives). materials, includingmaterials foryoung people. their collectionsofDecadeCentenariesrelatedreading Support forpubliclibraries toenablethemenhance engagement withtheDecadeofCentenariesProgramme. Support fora‘HistorianinResidence’ whowilldrive public sources, includingonlineaccesstodigitisedlocalarchives. scholarship andfreepublicaccesstoauthenticlocalarchival Initiatives thatencourage andsupportlocalresearch, of allages. endeavours, andotheronlineoutreachactivitiesforpeople pod-casts, webinars,virtualtours,artisticandcreative development ofcurated digitalcontent,onlineexhibitions, engagement inresponsetotheCOVID-19 pandemic,e.g. Initiatives thatsupportalternative approachestocitizen

| Page 28 Community cross-border collaboration andappropriatecommemorative initiatives. The programme budgetfor2021provides foradditionalfundingtosupport living alongthenewlyestablishedborderandfartherafield. explore theimpactandlegacyofevents ofthisperiodoncommunities Centenaries initiatives to thegreatestextent possible;particularlythosethat We welcomeandencourage thedevelopment ofcross-borderDecade Cross-border initiatives initiatives or collaborations Support for library-led library services. and encourage library-led initiatives orcollaborative projectsinvolving the connecting andengagingwithlocalcommunities.TheDepartmentwelcomes Throughout theDecadeofCentenaries,libraries have played aspecial rolein photographs, prints,newspaperarchives, andmanuscripts. respective citiesorcounties,intheformofuniquecollectionsbooks,maps, their communitiesthatprotectandpreserve thecollective memory fortheir Libraries arerecognisedasbeingaccessible,trustedspacesatthe heart of na Cásca. developed undertheauspicesofGlór Remembrance andReflection initiative, welcomes theCommunity Gardens of In thisregard,theDepartmentalso phase ofthecentenariesprogramme. being rememberedduringthisfinal projects, tomarkthesignificant events groves, gardens,orothersimilar trees orcreatingcommemorative community organisationsinplanting Committees orotherinterested funding toassistTidyTowns Decade ofCentenariesprogramme Local authoritiesmay usesomeoftheir projects commemorative trees and related Proposals for theplanting of category. TidyTowns Competitionintherelevant initiatives forconsideration intheannual to submittheirDecadeofCentenaries TidyTowns Committeeswillbeeligible significance oftheprojectsfunded. inform thepublicaboutmeaningand panels, rather thanplaques,areused to It isrecommendedthatinformation reconciliation andsharedremembrance. Commemorations, andwith afocuson Expert AdvisoryGrouponCentenary with theprincipleslaiddownby the developed appropriately, inaccordance ensure thatallprojectsfundedare Local authoritiesarerequested to

| Page 29 Community CAVAN COUNTY MUSEUM Director of the Cavan County Museum Savina O’Donoghue, work. exhibitions -this partnershipwillshowcasethis normally nothave accesstotheNationalLibrary’s visitors comefromNorthernIrelandandwould Trench Experience.Ahighproportionofour exhibitions, inparticulartheWorld War One our existing commemorative indoor andoutdoor potential toenhancevisitorengagementgiven This isanexciting opportunitythat hasthe opportunity toworkinpartnershipwithNLI. Cavan CountyMuseumwelcomesthis the period. the impactofconflictonlifeinIrelandduring seminar atwhichapanelofspeakers willdebate This programme willcommencewithaspecial the expertise andfacilitiesofbothinstitutions. engagement programme thattakes advantageof County Museumwilljointlyofferasharedpublic As partoftheinitiative, theNLIandCavan World War OneTrench Experience. complement existing exhibits includingitspopular Cavan CountyMuseum’s ‘SharedSpace’ andwill on long-termloan.Theexhibition willbehoused in exhibition transfer fromKildareStreettoCavan initiative War willseeitspopular“World Ireland” partnership withCavan CountyMuseum.The will launchanewregionaloutreachinitiative in In 2021theNationalLibrary ofIreland(NLI) Ireland World War

| Page 30 CREATIVE EXPRESSIONCommunity

| Page 31 Community CORK COUNTY COUNCIL show thatonehundredyears later-westillremember. County ofCork,thesecommemorations areanopportunityto today –aprojectioninthepresentofourfutureidentity. Inthe To rememberwherewehave comefromisareflectionofourselves measures. Commemorations Committee, allinkeeping withCOVID-19 are beingundertaken withthesupportofCorkCountyCouncil’s the centenaryandarange ofdifferent projectsandinitiatives County Corkareproudtobethegeneration thatcommemorates sides oftheconflictandonnone.This year, groupsthroughout death ofover 250people–men,womenandchildren,onboth The StruggleforIndependenceinCountyCork,1921,saw the during anearby explosion. the deathofaninnocent4-year-old boy inRosscarbery whodied resulted intragic lossoflife.Perhaps oneofthemosttragic was to 100Shootings-someofwhichwereaccidentalbutnonetheless house raids, barracks attacks,disappearances, rescuesandclose sanctioned execution inIrelandunderMartialLaw. Therewere assassinations andexecutions includingthefirstofficially County Corkin1921saw over 20ambushesandover 30 the ClonmultAmbush. of Republicanlifeatany StruggleforIndependenceEngagement– engagements intheWar ofIndependence), andthegreatestloss The BattleofCrossbarry(whichisonethemostfamous the StruggleforIndependencesuchasDripsey, CúlnaCathrach, Heritage Officer Conor Nelligan (July 11 regard toCommemorations. Itistheyear thatsaw theTruce 2021 isasignificantcentenary year intheCountyofCorkwith heroes andits very own trialsandtribulations. is paramount andevery parishhasitsown stories, itsown ingrained inusasanIrish People? In County Cork, our past compelled to do,or isitsomething deeper, something Why isitthat we commemorate? Is itsomething we feel th 1921)butalsosomeofthekey ambushesandevents of

| Page 32 Community DONEGAL COUNTY COUNCIL well asitsnearestcityofDerry/Londonderry. completely cutofffromthenewIrishstateas of Partition ontheCountywhichwas nearly importance whenweareexploring theimpact in thecommunity. Thisisofparticular various narratives andmemoriesreflected understanding oftheperiod,inparticular programme wehopetopromoteadeeper of theyears from1920to1923.Throughour commemorations willfocusonanexploration will never againbeforgotten.Thecurrent on ensuringthatthestoriesofthisperiod day. Ourcommemorations have focussed aspects oflifeinDonegaluptothepresent impact ofPartition whichisstillfeltinmany part oftheCountylosttheirlives, tothe War whenhundredsofyoung menfromevery resonance inDonegal.From theFirstWorld The events oftheDecadehave aparticular since 2012. publications, activitiesand events Centenaries with exhibitions, commemorated theDecade of Donegal County Council has

Wainfest children’s festivalinOctober. programme whichwilltake placeduring the period;andaspecificchildrens create workreflectingthehistoryof collections; anOpenCalltoartists to respondtheCouncil’shistoric working inany ofthecreative forms programme whichwillseek anartist Division includeanArtistinResidence projects tobedelivered by theCulture available inthepublishedbook.Further additional informationnotcurrently be accessibleon-lineandwillcontain died inWorld War I.Thedatabasewill which listsallthosefromDonegalwho of theCountyDonegalBookHonour Museum alsoplanstocreateadatabase revolutionary periodinDonegal.The and learnmoreabouttheevents ofthe and abroadcanexplore theexhibition so thatvisitorsfromallover Ireland Conflict to Division Donegal 1919-1925” virtual tourofitsexhibition “From Donegal. TheMuseumwilldeliver a of theDecadeCentenariesinCounty projects in2021toexplore thehistory number ofengagingandinformative Culture Divisionplanstodeliver a Donegal CountyCouncilthroughits in theTwentieth century. shaped muchofthenarrative ofDonegal The creationofthebordereffectively Curator Judith McCarthy Senior Executive Librarian Síle Coleman commemoration ofthisformative periodofIrishhistory. community ingeneral, throughout SouthDublinCountyinthe engaging withlocalhistorians,artists,communitygroups,and the Despite theongoingchallengeofCOVID-19, welookforwardto to theircommunitiesinSouthDublin. experiences ofIrishmenwhofoughtintheGreatWar ontheirreturn during thistime,SouthDublinCounty’smilitaryheritage,and the period, theIrishlanguageandcultural life, theroleofwomen conditions experienced by localpeopleduringtherevolutionary the timeinabroadercontext, includingthesocialandeconomic educational programmes. We willalsoreflectonlifeinIreland at cultural events, historicalreflections,lectures, exhibitions and Independence. Theseconnectionswillbecommemorated through This year’s programme willfocusonlocalconnectionstotheWar of 100 years totoday. for thedecadeswhichfollowed,throughCivilWar, andthepast have beenfeltinSouthDublinCounty, aselsewhereinthecountry, of Independence,theTruce andsigningoftheAnglo-IrishTreaty 100 years agoatbothanationalandlocallevel. TheeffectoftheWar 2021 willexplore andreflectontheimpactof pivotal events of South DublinCountyCouncil’sDecadeofCentenariesProgramme Local Legacies 1921/2021 SOUTH DUBLINCOUNTY COUNCIL

| Page 33 Community KERRY COUNTY COUNCIL (iii) (ii) reverts backto normalin2022. physical exhibition once access online butmorphinginto amajor in 100Objects major exhibition - with beprimarily delivered via a of Centenaries commemorations The finalphase of the Kerry Decade Kerry Decade of Centenaries 2021-2023–anoverview (i) information andeducationthrough Library Serviceandincludingpublic initiatives, mainlydriven by theKerry supplemented by arange oflocal These commemorations willbe

holdings commemorative periodand focusing onevents relatingtothe a monthlylocalradio insert local newspapers events asthey werereportedinthe ongoing socialmediapostings ongoing digitisation ofuniqueKerry heldinpublicarchives. –initially delivered Revolutionary Kerry of Ashe MemorialHallin2028. it uptothecentenaryofopening ofthe changing over thecourseofsixyears, taking the Museum,withobjectsrotatingand 2022 itwilloccupy aphysical spacewithin with anaccompanying printedcatalogue.In produced in2021asanonlineexhibition, created by theglobalpandemic, itwillbe Taking consideration oftheuncertainty events ofthisperiod. in aligningtheirownfamilystorieswiththe for thegeneral publictoplay anactive role seen inpublicbefore.Thisisanopportunity in privatecollectionsandhave never been targeted call-outforartefactsthatarestill We willdothisthroughaconsideredand in thecountyduringthisturbulenttime. creating withusaroundedpictureoflife participation ofthecommunityinKerry in At theheartofthisprojectisactive this period. mosaic ofwhatlifewaslike inKerry during a collectionofartefactsthatwillcreate aftermath. Theexhibition willbringtogether the CivilWar, andhowthey copedwiththe the periodofWar ofIndependenceand the lived experience of people in Kerry during Revolutionary Kerry in 100 Objects Exhibition willexplore with FiannaFáil. Racecourse, andhislaterinvolvement later FCA,hisworkatBallybeggan involvement withtheLDFand and CivilWar. Italsocovers his during theWar ofIndependence of theOakparkI.R.A.unitinTralee, case thepapersofTom Sheehy, O.C. Library archives collection,inthis unique Kerry holdingsinthe Kerry make publiclyavailable therange of aims toelectronicallysecureandalso The ongoingdigitisationprogramme Digitisation

County Librarian Tommy O’Connor from 1921-1923. suffered anddiedduringtheperiod remembrance ofallthose who respectful, sensitive and non-partisan of theevents oftheperiodina and educatecurrentday citizens newspapers, inordertoremember sources, mainlyfromthelocal public. Drawn fromcontemporary information totheattentionof The aimwillbetoextract andbring Public information andeducation this workduring2021. his command.Itisintendedtocarryout sign offonclaimsmadeby menunder Sheehy wouldhave beenexpected to Civil War Veterans. AsanOfficer, Tom requests forWar ofIndependenceand many ofwhichdealwithpension comprises approximately 1,100images, For digitisationpurposes,thecollection

| Page 34 Community OFFALY COUNTY COUNCIL Heritage Officer Amanda Pedlow Researching theWar ofIndependenceatOffalyArchives The StoryoftheGeashillCauldron of theera. the DecadeofCentenariesandprovides awidercontext years before,during andaftertheperiodbeingmarked by by thelateHaroldGoodbody seesanalysisofClara inthe if possible. planned forEdenderry, BirrandTullamore intheautumn windows oftheOffalyLibrary Branches. School toursare photographic exhibitions whichwillalsobefeaturedinthe short videoclipsandonlinelectures. Therewillbe there willbeastrongfocusoncommissioningandsharing circumstances forin-personpublicengagementin2021 section onwww.offalyhistory.com. Duetotheuncertain and thesewillnowbeaccessiblethroughadedicated blogs have been developed over thepastnumberofyears commemorate thecentenary. Many articles,lecturesand with localhistoricalsocietiesandcommunitiesto Offaly CountyCouncilplansayear ofcollaboration Offaly 2021

and commercialworld.Thehistory people ofClara inthewidersocial Goodbody BusinessFamilyandthe publication proposed,featuresthe collection wassafe.Asecond though fortuitouslythephotographic destroyed duringtheCivilWar, 24 period.RathrobinHousewas essay onOffalyduringthe1900- Mountbolus. Thiswillincludean the BiddulphestateatRathrobin, photographs ofIrishlife,centredat the publicationofabook300 A key projectfor2021willbe MEATH COUNTY COUNCIL Politics and War in Meath 1913-1923 was delightedtoreturnprintOliver Coogan’s In 2013,MeathCountyCouncillibrary service Library Service County Meath a commongoal. historians andlibrarians working as onetowards gathering ofmaterialisasharedpleasurewith in thelocalstudiesdepartment.Thehuntingand the faithandtrustthatlocalcommunitiesplace uncovered inthefinal volumes istestamentto of ourhistory. Therichnessofthematerial and contributegreatlytoourunderstanding Trim, September 1920fillgapsinourknowledge Illustrated History, They Shall Grow Not Old and A Bittern Cry, Oldcastle Camp 1914-18–An association withlocalhistoricalsocieties. Almost allofthevolumes wereproducedin sack ofTrim (2020). (2018), Navan’s GreatWar Dead (2018)andthe Ledwidge (2017),theclosure ofOldcastlecamp to commemorate thecentenariesofFrancis librarian, published,amongothers,volumes the followingyears Tom French, localstudies to herald thefirstofmany publications,asin

. Thiswas bitterness. War inMeathwhichcausedmuchcontroversy and an overview ofalesser-knownincidenttheCivil with contemporary newspaperaccountstoprovide and theMilitaryArchives ofIreland,combiningthem from MeathCountyArchive, theNationalArchives bringing togetherletters,minutesandothermaterial library servicewillpublishCurraghtown, July1922 followed. Laterintheyear MeathCountyCouncil contribution tothenewStateinyears that in theturbulentyears upto1922andassesshis - Meath’s EamonDuggan.Itwillrecordhisrole publication inhonourofonethesignatories the centenaryofAnglo-IrishTreaty witha Workshop andMeathCountyCouncilwillmark at theheartofourprogramme. TheMeathHistory As 2021unfolds,theprintedvolume isonceagain that thesevolumes afford. publications andrecognisethepermanentlegacy print anddesign.Local communities celebrate these produce thesepublicationstothehigheststandardof Sport andMediahasenabledthelibrary serviceto Department ofTourism, Culture,Art,Gaeltacht, The generousfinancialsupportafforded by the County Librarian Ciarán Mangan

| Page 35 Community LONGFORD COUNTY COUNCIL on 2 this year istheClonfinambush,whichwas The mostsignificant event toberemembered key elements inCounty Longford’s programme. Reconciliation, community participation andlegacy projects are Reconciliation and Legacies understanding ofevents. the CivilWar. Thesepersonalexperiences give usabetter, morenuanced was wounded.Therearealsopapers fromanofficerwhowaskilledin whose propertiesweredestroyed inreprisalsandoneby anAuxiliarywho collections involved includecompensation claimsmadeby somepeople research, whichisanessentialbasisforcommemoration andreflection.The Archives ofrelevance arebeingdigitised.They arevitalinfacilitatingnew the period. of war andrevolution, 1914-23 for seniorclassesinprimaryschools.Thepack,Ireland andLongford in times Other workbeingcompletedincludestheproductionofaneducation pack involvement iscrucialtothesuccessofcountyprogramme. partnership withtheClonfinCommemoration Committee.Suchcommunity the flyingcolumn.Therewillalsobeaweekend of events, organisedin personal journey by SrMaeve Brady RSM,daughterofamember a documentaryby alocalfilmmaker; andthestoryofan extraordinary The commemoration ofClonfinwillfeatureaprojectwithprimaryschools; commemoration oftheperiodmustreflectonthis. be mercy, decencyandreconciliation.True that alongsideviolenceanddeath,therecan good tactics.Itanditsaftermathalsoshowed Clonfin exemplified carefulplanningand court-martial formurder. Auxiliaries testifiedinMacEoin’s favour athis dying andwounded.Monthslater, threeofthe displayed remarkablehumanityintendingthe as aresultoftheengagement.Thecolumn a partyofAuxiliaries.Four Auxiliariesdied Flying Column,ledby SeánMacEoin,defeated Archivist Martin Morris nd February 1921.TheNorthLongford

, itwillbeavaluableresourceforteaching MONAGHAN COUNTY COUNCIL Bordering Realities collectively asacohesive societyintothe21 build betterrelationsatthelocallevel andgrow and challengethemselves andeachothersoas of enablingourcommunitytointeract, explore and absorbingprogramme withthecentral goal Monaghan Cultural Team willfacilitateaversatile together withseveral crossborderpartners,the shared experience, oursharedplace.Working region by examining oursharedhistory, our consider theborderingrealitiesoflifeinthis commemoration, weintendtoreflectand Looking forwardtothenext phaseof means tobeofthisplaceandtime. generations caninteract andrespondtowhatit island’s historyandheritagehasensuredthatall This successfulapproachtoreflectingonour and groupsrepresentingvarioussectorsofsociety. partnership andcollaboration withorganisations has provided exciting anduniqueopportunitiesfor centenaries. Monaghan’s positionontheborder Team hasproducedthroughoutthedecadeof that MonaghanCountyCouncil’sCultural imaginative andengagingprogramme ofevents Community hasbeenattheheartof Senior Executive Librarian Deirdriu McQuaid the borderregionfordecades tocome. will have atransformative effectonthecountyand community spacewhich,when completedin2022, County CouncilPeace Campus.Anewmultiuse shared historywillbedisplayed intheMonaghan important andcontestedperiodinourrecent outputs ofthisexiting projectinvestigating an interactive displays andpublicevents. Thevarious digital development, animation,thewrittenword, This willbeachieved throughartisticexpression, century.

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| Page 36 Community WEXFORD COUNTY COUNCIL not insurmountable challengeinCountyWexford. COVID environment proved tobeadifficultbut The move solelytodigitalengagementinthe Archive. Independence collectionsheld by Wexford County of twomenandwomenfrom theWar of replica items,prisoncorrespondenceandaprofile primary andpost-primarypupils.Itemswillinclude documents andartefactswhichwillbeloanedto commissioned ‘Discovery Boxes’ ofreplica from theCreative Ireland Programme, hasalso Wexford CountyArchive Service,withsupport the Countyin2021. Independence fordistributiontoevery schoolin timeline oflocalevents andthemesoftheWar of information bookletisbeingpreparedwitha library serviceon1916inCountyWexford, an success ofaschoolspackdeveloped by the events of100years ago.Following fromthe to engagechildrenandyoung peoplewiththe was thedevelopment ofastrand intheprogramme One strongthemethatemergedfromconsultation happened intheCountyduringthisturbulenttime. programme thataddedtotheawareness ofwhat theme: thedesireforaninclusive andrespectful broad andvariedbuttherewasonecommon 2020-2023. Thesuggestionsatthemeetingwere development ofaninclusive programme from people inlate2019provided thebasisfor An openpublicmeetingattendedby over 200 on topicsoflocalandnationalinterest. numbers have attendeddigitisationopendays, exhibitions andpubliclectures of Enniscorthy in2016tocommemorate thelocalrising.Inrecentyears, large Wexford hasremainedhighsincemany thousandsofpeoplelined the streets inCounty Community participationintheDecadeofCentenariesprogramme County Librarian Eileen Morrissey manner. commemoration inarespectfulandinclusive and actively participatein,thenext phaseof that thepublicwillcontinuetoengagewith, East Radio,Wexford CountyCouncilisconfident podcasts andalocalradio programme onSouth Municipal District,onlinetalksandexhibitions, With asstrongprogramme ofactivity ineach digitisation ofprimarysourcematerials: response) willbedeveloped in2021aswellthe County Archive (toincludethelocalgovernment Wexford asreflectedintheholdingsof Wexford series –theWar ofIndependenceinCounty An onlineexhibition ‘Archives fromthePast’ for researchersandsecondarystudents. digital exhibition serieswillbevaluableresources local newspapersfromtheera, ageo-mappingand provided forthefirsttimeincludingasuiteof Many ofthedigitisedresourcesthathave been Cataloguing oftheTDSinnottarchive artefacts) Edward Roearchive (catalogue andarchives/ 1921 Ballykinlar No.2GAACampminutebook, Island, 1921 Diary ofSeánSinnottduringhistimeonSpike

| Page 37 Creative Imagination Strand

4In 2021, the Decade of Centenaries programme will continue to encourage artistic and creative expression. Artistic and creative endeavours will have an important role in encouraging reflection, exploration and debate, allowing people of all traditions to question and consider issues which may be challenging and difficult. Cultural engagement also offers a safe space to explore complex narratives which arise from the partition of the island. The Arts Council, local authorities, National Cultural Institutions, National Arts Organisations and local cultural institutions will have an important contribution to make under this Strand. The guidance of the Expert Advisory Group on Centenary Commemorations acknowledges their significant role as cultural brokers – managing conversations and engaging communities in a meaningful way through creative expression. 4 | Page 38 Creative Imagination following: but arenotlimitedto,the of theprogramme include Creative ImaginationStrand 2021/2022 underthe and collaborations for Potential initiatives class andgenderhistoryoftheperiod. opportunity toexamine social,cultural, We hopethatthiswillalsoprovide an look atitfrommultipleperspectives. examine thispartofourhistoryand will provide aplatform forustore- our artistsandcreative practitioners Centenaries includingtheCivilWar by with theremainderofDecade of theevents andthemesassociated interesting way. Theinterpretation and challengingthemesinareally opportunity toengagewithcomplex across awiderange ofdisciplines,the and hasthepotentialtoprovide artists This projectiscurrentlyindevelopment backgrounds from allgenres and commissions by artists to supportnew with the Arts Council New Partnership this partofour history. work whichwill engagethepublictoexplore Decade ofCentenariesandproduce original range ofgenrestoreflectonthethemes artists andcreative practitioners fromawide that thisSchemeofengagement willengage forms iscurrentlybeingdeveloped. Itishoped the DecadeofCentenariesthrough variousart practitioners inresponding tothekey themes of arts andcivicbodiestosupportcreative A pilotschemeofengagementwithnational Bodies National Arts andCivic New Pilot Scheme with Centenaries andbeyond. historical periodcovered by theDecadeof commemorates theroleofwomenin produce greatartthatrecognisesand artists todevelop theircraft andultimately The Markievicz Awardisintendedtosupport recipients for2021inApril scheme andtheMinisterannouncedaward with theArtsCouncilonadministration ofthe previous years. TheDepartmentispartnering per award anincreaseon€20,000offeredin made inprevious years andtoavalueof€25,000 collaboration withothers)–doublethenumber (either individualartistsworkingaloneorin year intheperiod2021-2023toup10artists Awards undertheschemewillbemadeeach enhanced fortheperiod2021-2023. bursary schemeforartistswillbesignificantly that theDecadeofCentenariesMarkievicz Award Gaeltacht, Sport and Media previously announced The MinisterforTourism, Culture,Arts, bursaries Enhanced Markievicz Award .

new ways ofseeingacollectionandnewapproaches to presentingcollections the visitorexperience withaudiencesenjoying the newdisplays, experiences, spaces, andexpertise toinformtheirownwork.Thecollaboration canenhance audiences, withtheartistgetting specialaccesstothehostbody’scollections, new knowledge,ideas,identify newways toengagewiththeircollections and It isenvisaged thatasaresultofthisinitiative, eachorganisationwill gain 2021. Centenaries. MinisterMartinannouncedthefive selectedartists body) toreflectonathemeorthemesfallingunderthescope oftheDecade artistic disciplines(depending onthebespoke requirements/emphasis ofthat Each bodyhasnowengagedanartistselectedfromaspecific orar the primarysourcematerialinthesebodiestonewaudiences. Project andtheMilitaryArchives waslaunchedon22February tobring 2021 National Library ofIreland,theNational MuseumofIreland,theBeyond 2022 A newartistinresidencyschemepartnershipwiththeNational Archives, the New Artist-in Residence Scheme developed foradultsandchildrenacross theislandofIreland. A substantialpublicandcommunityengagementprogramme willalsobe by theNationalLibrary ofIrelandandmadeaccessibletoaglobalaudience. the publishedcollectionandany otherprintedmaterialgenerated willbeheld be published,recordedandpreserved intheIrishPoetry ReadingArchive and relating totheStruggleforIndependenceandCivilWar. Thepoemswill documented by primarysourcematerialsheldinarchives aroundthecountry a selectionofpoemsinEnglishandIrish,ontopics,themesevents, from Poetry Ireland.Acorecomponentofthisinitiative istocommission complex issues.TheIrishPoetry ReadingArchive willworkwithsupport incorporated poetryreadings–encouraging nuancedinterpretation of Public commemorations throughouttheDecadeofCentenarieshave often openness andinclusivity. understanding ofthischallengingperiodinoursharedhistory, inaspiritof This initiative willusepoetryasamediumtodeepenourcollective A newpartnershipwiththeIrishPoetry ReadingArchive isindevelopment. Archive, UCD New Partnership with theIrish Poetry Reading on23April, ange of

| Page 39 Creative Imagination War culminatingon15 – theprojectwillspanduration ofthe Civil anniversary ofthe signing oftheAnglo-IrishTreaty Commencing 6 the CivilWar. Building asaWitness’whichechoesthetimespanof programme whichconcentrates onthethemeof‘the The Galleryisalsoproposinganinteractive online McGrath, dueinSummer2021. and For Those, That Tell No Tales, curated by Dara by Dawn Williamsinstalledin2020 untilApril2021; period -Citizen Nowhere/Citizen Somewhere context fortheevents thatoccurredduringthis exhibitions, whichexplore thelocalandglobal The Crawford ArtGalleryishostingtwocurated South purchase ofSéanKeating’s iconicpaintingMen of the the GibsonBequestCommittee contemplatedthe The Crawford Art Gallery . th December2021–thehundredth th December1923,when , curated send thesilver objectstoDublinbeassayed. Republican Silver duringtheCivilWar, as itwastoodangerousto sailing shipwithasinglecastle towereithersidetocreateIrish the silversmith whocreatedthehallmarkoftwo-masted surrounded by barbedwire,tothecorrespondence ofBarryEgan Joseph StaffordGibson)alongside photographs ofthebuilding and studenttravel fundsetupin1919uponthe deathof who wasontheGibsonBequestCommittee(anacquisition of Tomás MacCurtainandthedeath ofTerence MacSwiney) third CorkLord Mayor appointedin1920(followingthemurder Highlighting storiesoffigureslike DiarmuidÓCeallacháin–the dates, objects,events andpeopleofmacromicrosignificance. website alongsideregularsocialmediapostingswillhighlight A dedicatedwebpresencewithintheCrawford ArtGallery’s documentation. Management minutes,Teaching andStudent roll-callsandother goings alongwithphotographic, newspaper articles,Boardof aims toreveal newinsightsintotheeveryday comingsand that areentwinedandenmeshedwiththebuilding.Theproject the objects,events andtheindividualpeople andsocialgroups The lensoftheprojectwillfocusonoverlooked historiesof Words’ with ‘Fighting New Partnership histories andstoriesintothemix. encouraged tobringtheirown cultural young peopleofimmigrant originwillbe will alsobewelcome.Childrenand in Irish,andstoriesotherlanguages be encouraged towriteinEnglish or community dimensions.Childrenwill around cross-borderandcross- South, withaparticularambition to engagestakeholders Northand Northern Ireland workingtogether Fighting Words andFighting Words This willbeanall-islandproject,with connects tolifenowandintothefuture. of lifeonthisislandin1921,how and theirideastocaptureelements to usetheirimaginations,history writing experience, enablingwriters across differentage-groupsinastory- Fighting Words isengagingpeople themes oftheDecadeCentenaries. young peopleinparticularwiththe Media hasbeendeveloped toengage Culture, Arts,Gaeltacht,Sportand and theDepartmentofTourism, A newpartnershipwithFighting Words

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Page 40 Creative Imagination IRISH MUSEUM OFIRISH MUSEUM MODERN ART (IMMA) era. culture have played inarticulating emancipatorypoliticsinthemodern contemporary modesofself-determination andtherolesart surface insightsthatcanassistusinexamining ideasofhistoricaland 23 andthenatureofsiteasacontestedspace.Thisresearch w develop agreaterunderstandingofitsroleduringtheperiod1919- specifically ontheRoyal Hospital Kilmainham(RHK)siteinorderto The programme willincludearesearch dimensionthatwillfocus Reading GroupandtheIMMASummerSchool2023. contexts suchastheTalks andLectures programme, theIMMA artist-led events. Focused programmes willmobilizediscursive programmes intheIMMAartists’residencystudioblock;talksand virtual andgallery-basedtoursworkshops;studio-based The Museumwillengageawidepublicandkey communitiesthrough community engagementbothonsiteanddigitally. programme oftalks,workshops,schoolsandcollegeprojects the project.Theexhibition willbecomplemented by aninclusive public An extensive engagementandlearningprogramme willbecentral to outlined by Woodrow WilsonattheLeague ofNations(1919). exploring theinternationalmovement towardsSelf-determinationas This ambitiousprogramme willreassesstheroleofartandartistsin International Survey. and learningprogramme entitled100years ofSelf-Determination:An commissions culminatinginalarge-scaleexhibition andengagement 2021-2023. Thiswillcompriseaninternationalconferenceandartists’ currently developing aninterdisciplinaryprogramme fortheperiod As partofthefinalphaseDecadeCentenaries,IMMAis 2021-2023 IMMA three-year publicprogramme,

ill

| Page 41 Creative Imagination THE NATIONAL CONCERT HALL (NCH) expected tobefinalisedshortly. under discussionbetweenD/TCAGSM officialsandtheNCHis to thedebates.TheNCHproposalsupportingthisinitiative iscurrently the Treaty negotiationsandfocusingonthediverse individualcontributors Terrace home.TheNCHisdeveloping anewmusicinitiative basedaround National ConcertHallastheTreaty debatestookplaceinitsEarlsfort The SigningoftheAnglo-IrishTreaty isofparticularsignificancetothe THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF IRELAND(NGI) relation totheseplans. Culture, Arts,Gaeltacht,SportandMediaisliaisingwiththeNGIin development tomarkcentenaryevents. TheDepartmentofTourism, The NationalGalleryofIrelandhasarange ofinitiatives in

| Page 42 Creative Imagination Markievicz Awardrecipient Louise Lowe of form. choice ofsubjectandthenby thecomplexity representation inavery directway, first by to challengethehistoryofnational self- work acrossthepastdecadeI have tried their ownpositionwithinit.Throughmy to viewersinorderthatthey can consider offer answersbutthatwesetprovocations very centreofthese questions,notsothatwe make workthatplacestheaudienceat during thistime.Ifeelthatitisimportantto our attitudestowomenandthefemalebody ourselves, ourbehaviour andfundamentally artwork thatasksdifficultquestionsof opportunity toresearchanddevelop an This award provided metheremarkable communities andindeedthewholecountry. of theimpacttheseevents onfamilies, but thedisappearance frompublicdiscourse is notalossofmemoryatanindividuallevel collective amnesiaofourState.Theproblem subsequently beensubmergedinthe this divisive periodofIrishhistoryhave events againstwomenthatoccurredin Independence andCivilWar. Traumatic was commonplaceduringtheWar of An‘outrage’ againstpropertyorcattle during theperiod1913-1923, women’s bodiesbecamebattlefields. I was awarded theMarkievicz Award in August 2019 to explore how, those knowntotheinjuredwoman. period. Oftenthiswasperpetrated by hurt indifferentways throughoutthis disciplined, stigmatised,controlled and that womenwerelabelled,humiliated, we uncovered evidence tosuggest with Dr. Kelly Fitzgerald UCD. Together, records, policereportsandcourt examination ofBureauMilitaryHistory National Museumandthroughthe on findingswithBrendaMaloneatthe and citizenship.Thisexploration isbased ask realquestionsofidentity, politics are bothdream-like andhyper-real, to Tumbling throughenvironments that spectator tocultivatetheirownview. reside inthedramaturgical agencyofthe The politicsoftheworkwillprimarily transcendence, recovery andredemption. octane danceandmomentsofmythical testimony willbepuncturedwithhigh of thenewlyformedIrishState,womens’ Squaring upagainstthefoundationstones will beablisteringnewphysical work. summer. Part dance,parttheatre,it OUTRAGE willbegindevelopment this that whichwedidn’t even remember? important one,buthowdowe notforget forget’ isaprofoundstatement andan it andofwhatthey endured. ‘Lest we human costtothosewhoexperienced of historyrepeatingmistakes, ofthe used inwarcommemorations. Itwarns, phrase “Lest weforget”iscommonly of thesewomenbacktheirvoices. The This development willgive atleastsome not beenyet fullyexplored oraddressed. against womenduringtherevolution has a vastamountofviolenceperpetrated reconciliation process,hasensuredthat absence ofasubsequenttruthor worst atrocitiesoftheCivilWar. The combined withadesiretoforgetthe attitudes towomen,sex andsexuality OUTRAGE isaseriousexploration of Civil War. ” worst atrocitiesofthe desire toforgetthe combined witha sex andsexuality attitudes towomen, exploration of Outrage isaserious

| Page 43 Decade of Centenaries indicative plans for 2022/2023 a. Plans to mark the centenary of the Civil War b. The Handover of Dublin Castle (16th January 1922) League of Nations A rich diversity of initiatives will be developed under A State Commemoration and reception will be held at Ireland joined the League of Nations in September 1923 each of the four thematic strands to ensure that the Dublin Castle on 16th January 2022, led by the Department and this is proposed by the Expert Advisory Group impact and legacy of the Civil War period is fully of the Taoiseach. The commemorative programme will as a fitting endpoint of the Decade of Centenaries recognised and explored. also include a major academic symposium in Dublin Castle, Programme. The Department of Tourism, Culture, which would precede the State ceremonial event to mark Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media will co-ordinate with The Expert Advisory Group has recommended one the centenary of its handover, and various collaboratively colleagues across Government, led by the Department significant State commemoration in remembrance of organised cultural, artistic and educational events. of Foreign Affairs, in the development of a suitable all of those who lost their lives during the Civil War, Academic independence will be paramount, in keeping with programme to mark this centenary. focusing on themes of remembrance and reconciliation. the format for the other forthcoming conferences and the It is proposed that the State commemoration will take guidance of the Expert Advisory Group. place on a neutral date in the early autumn of 2022, before the anniversaries of the Civil War executions c. The Foundation of the State (6th December 1922) commence on 17th November. A State Commemoration will be held on or close to 6th In accordance with the guidance of the Expert December 2022, in recognition of the struggle to settle Advisory Group, the focus of the State will remain on the democratic character and institutions of the newly commemoration and reconciliation and an academic emerging Irish State. A complementary programme of conference will provide an appropriate forum for cultural, creative and educational events will also be examining and debating the events that took place explored. during this period. In this context, University College Cork will organise d. The Establishment of the Institutions of the Irish and host a national academic conference to mark the Free State in 1922 centenary of the Civil War (provisionally scheduled Appropriate initiatives will be developed to mark the for June 2022). The integrity and independence of the establishment of the various institutions of the Irish Free conference programme will be paramount. The State will State, including: provide appropriate funding, recognition and support The establishment of the Civil Service; but will have no involvement in decisions concerning themes, speakers and programme content. The foundation by the Free State Government of An Garda Síochána; Many of the partnerships initiated in 2021 (in particular The inception of the Defence Forces, Óglaigh na the cultural partnerships) will be further developed hÉireann; and as part of the Civil War Programme and a detailed Programme will be produced in early 2022. In addition, The evolution of the pre-1922 judicial system under it is hoped to maintain this year’s significant increase in the Irish Free State administration. funding for local authorities into 2022.

| Page 44 Key contacts and resources

Department of Tourism, Military Service Century Ireland Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Pensions Collection  www.rte.ie/centuryireland/ Sport and Media  www.militaryarchives.ie/  @CenturyIRL collections/online-collections/  www.gov.ie The Century Ireland project is military-service-pensions- an online historical newspaper  @DeptCulturelRL collection-1916-1923 supported the Department of  @DepartmentofCultureIRL  @mspcblog Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, tourism.culture.gaeltacht The Collection, of almost 300,000 Sport and Media that tells the story of the events of Irish life a century  departmentofcultureirl applications files and supporting documentation, provides a detailed ago and is produced by a team of The Department coordinates the picture of Irish Volunteer, Irish researchers at Boston College development and delivery of the Republican Army, National Army Ireland and hosted by RTÉ. Government’s Decade of Centenaries and anti-treaty forces’ activities The researchers have mapped out Programme nationally and can be throughout the period from the storylines and identified supporting contacted via commemorations@tcagsm. 1916 Rising to the end of the Civil archives for 2021 and are writing gov.ie with regard to this document War in 1923 and commissioning analysis and or any other matter arising under the feature articles to support the programme. historical reportage. Military Archives Decade of Centenaries National Cultural  www.militaryarchives.ie/home  www.decadeofcentenaries.com Institutions  @dfarchives  @Centenaries Click Here dfarchives  @decadeofcentenaries The Military Archives is the official Decade of Centenaries This dedicated resource is managed by place of deposit for records of the 2012-2023 local authority History Ireland in partnership with the Defence Forces, the Department Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, co-ordinators. of Defence and the Army Pensions Gaeltacht, Sport and Media, and it provides Click Here Board. on-line information about the government’s Decade of Centenaries Programme.

click here on each image in the Programme for caption/credit information

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