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(MSC) Final Report Kiribati Albacore, Bigeye and Yellowfin Tuna Longline

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(MSC) Final Report Kiribati Albacore, Bigeye and Yellowfin Tuna Longline Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Final Report Kiribati albacore, bigeye and yellowfin tuna longline fishery On behalf of Kiribati Fish Ltd Prepared by Control Union (UK) Ltd November 2020 Authors: Dr Jo Gascoigne Peter Watt Kat Collinson Cora Seip-Markensteijn Control Union (UK) Limited 56 High Street Lymington SO41 9AH United Kingdom Tel: ++44 (0) 1590 613007 Fax: ++44 (0) 1590 671573 Email: [email protected] Web: http://uk.controlunion.com Contents CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 1 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................. 6 QA ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 11 2 AUTHORSHIP AND PEER REVIEWERS ..................................................................................................... 14 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY .............................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Units of Assessment (UoA) and Scope of Certification Sought ............................................. 18 3.1.1 UoA and Proposed Unit of Certification (UoC) ............................................................................... 18 3.1.2 Final UoC(s) ..................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.3 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and Catch Data .................................................................................. 21 3.1.4 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Enhanced Fisheries ................................................................ 21 3.1.5 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Introduced Species Based Fisheries (ISBF) ............................. 21 3.2 Overview of the fishery ......................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 The Client fishery ............................................................................................................................ 22 3.2.2 History of the fishery and its management .................................................................................... 23 3.2.3 Gear and operation of the fishery .................................................................................................. 24 3.2.4 Fishing areas and seasons ............................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Principle One: Target Species Background ........................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Low Trophic Level (LTL) species ...................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2 Management of target stocks ......................................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 WCPFC harvest strategy – cross-cutting issues .............................................................................. 27 3.3.4 Tropical tunas: Harvest strategy – brief history .............................................................................. 27 3.3.5 Tropical tunas: Harvest strategy – current situation ...................................................................... 28 3.3.6 Tropical tunas: Analysis of management options ........................................................................... 32 3.3.7 Tropical tunas: PNA harvest strategy and the VDS ......................................................................... 34 3.3.8 Progress by WCPFC towards a formal harvest strategy .................................................................. 35 3.3.9 Information gathered by Kiribati .................................................................................................... 35 3.4 Principle One: Yellowfin Background .................................................................................... 36 3.4.1 Yellowfin stock definition ............................................................................................................... 36 3.4.2 Yellowfin biology ............................................................................................................................. 36 3.4.3 WCPO yellowfin stock status .......................................................................................................... 37 3.4.4 Yellowfin stock status projections .................................................................................................. 41 3.4.5 Yellowfin information available for stock assessment.................................................................... 42 3.4.6 Yellowfin stock assessment ............................................................................................................ 44 3.5 Principle One: Bigeye Background ........................................................................................ 46 3.5.1 Bigeye stock definition .................................................................................................................... 46 3.5.2 Bigeye biology ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.5.3 Bigeye stock status ......................................................................................................................... 49 3.5.4 Bigeye stock projections ................................................................................................................. 50 3.5.5 Bigeye information ......................................................................................................................... 51 3.5.6 Bigeye stock assessment ................................................................................................................. 53 3.6 Principle One: South Pacific Albacore Tuna .......................................................................... 56 CU UK MSC Full Assessment Reporting TemplateFCR v2.0 (8th October 2014) 3256R03G 1 3.6.1 Pacific albacore stock definition ..................................................................................................... 56 3.6.2 Pacific albacore biology .................................................................................................................. 56 3.6.3 Harvest strategy for South Pacific albacore .................................................................................... 56 3.6.4 South Pacific albacore stock status ................................................................................................. 57 3.6.5 South Pacific albacore: Stock status projections ............................................................................ 60 3.6.6 South Pacific albacore: Information ............................................................................................... 60 3.6.7 South Pacific albacore: Stock assessment ...................................................................................... 62 3.7 Principle One: North Pacific Albacore Tuna .......................................................................... 63 3.7.1 Pacific albacore: Stock definition and biology ................................................................................ 63 3.7.2 Harvest strategy for North Pacific albacore .................................................................................... 63 3.7.3 North Pacific albacore: Stock status ............................................................................................... 64 3.7.4 North Pacific albacore: stock status projections............................................................................. 67 3.7.5 North Pacific albacore: Information ............................................................................................... 69 3.7.6 North Pacific albacore: Stock assessment ...................................................................................... 71 3.8 Principle Two: Ecosystem Background ................................................................................. 74 3.8.1 Designation of species under Principle 2 ........................................................................................ 74 3.8.2 Primary and Secondary species ...................................................................................................... 75 3.8.3 Bait species ..................................................................................................................................... 88 3.8.4 ETP species ...................................................................................................................................... 93 3.8.5 Cumulative impacts ...................................................................................................................... 127 3.8.6 Habitats ......................................................................................................................................... 130 3.8.7 Ecosystems.................................................................................................................................... 131 3.9 Principle Three: Management System Background
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