Also in this issue • Space Standards, Part 2 • APPA's Research Agenda • HBCUs in APPA • Y2k Embedded Systems Truth Can Be Stranger Than Fiction

8:59 The Dean is panicked. The weather report calls for 105° on the first day of summer school. am: NO PROBLEM: Based on your improved Preventive Maintenance schedules, you're confident the HVAC systems will handle the heavy load. 9:48 Housing is frenzied. They need a new dorm built ASAP to meet increased student enrollment. am: NO PROBLEM: You show them how to better utilize existing space to accommodate the fast growing student bo_dy. 10:17 The President wants his house renovated before Alumni Weekend. am: NO PROBLEM: In an afternoon you can organize the work, line up the right labor, secure materials from inventory, and order the new furniture. And you can easily share the information with your in-house financial system. 11:34 The Controller is having a fit over the total costs for contracted maintenance. am: NO PROBLEM: You can point to the first-ever reduction in total contracted maintenance costs - you used the right contractors for the right jobs.

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FEATURES 15 A Futurist Looks at Technology and Change by Dr. James Canton 22 Throwing Space Standards Out the Window (Part 2): Using Benchmarking to Predict Space Needs By Ira Fink, Ph.D., FALA 29 Charting the Future: A Research Agenda for APPA by William A. Daigneau 41 Participation of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in APPA and Regional Associations By Dr. Sam L. Po lk Sr. 50 Y2 K Embedded Systems By L. Joe Spoonemore 56 1998 Index by Steve Glazner

I )( 'I >clrllll<'lllS

From the Editor ...... 2 Perspective ...... 64 The Energy/Environmental Merry-Go-Round Regional Reports ...... 3 by Stratton C. Schaeffer, P. E. Executive Summary ...... 11 Facility Asset Management ...... 65 APPAs Cutting-Edge Initiatives Recycling Space by E. Lander Medlin by Matthew C. Adams, P.F.. Focus on Management ...... 13 Coming Events ...... 68 Moments of Truth Index of Advertisers ...... 68 by H. Val Peterson

Annual Meeting Preview: The Road to Cincinnati .. .3 7 From r 11 .fftcilities 1v.,-.n;iger Steve Glazner PRESIDENT: L. Joe Spoonemore, Washington State University EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT: he 1997-98 Comparative Costs The final 1997-98 CCAS report will E. Lander Medlin, Alexandria, Virginia and Staffing (CCAS) survey will take several forms, providing a number or options for finding the com parative soon be mailed Lo all Institution­ EDITOR: Steve Glazner T data }'OU need in as quick and user­ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Medea Ranck al members or APPA. as well as Lo a friendly a means as possible. First, we ASSISTANT EDITOR: Alycia Eck number or facilities adminis1ra1o rs a1 will again provide the reports and the SUBSCRIPTIO S: Cotrenia Aytch l<-12 school districts. APPAs biennial CREATIVE DIRECTION: complete database in electronic format, survey and report p rovide the most com­ Corporate Design as we have over the past several years. PRlNTlNG: Corporate Press, Inc. prehensive data currently available in the T his will allow you to quickly review EDITORIAL OFFICE: area o r educational facili ties. Each school several basic ··canned'' reports as well as 703-684-1446 ext. 236 responding LO the survey will receive a to create customized reports based on FAX: 703-549-2772 E-MAIL: [email protected], complimcmary set or specialized repo rts your own query parameters. [email protected], [email protected], as our "Thank You·· for their participa­ Second , we listened to our customers [email protected] ti on this year. and have decided Lo publish the 1997- WEB: www.appa.org 'vVe have made subs LanLial correctio ns 98 report in book form. We had ADVERTISLNG: abandoned the printed report with the Gerry Van Treeck and impro\'emenLs Lo the survey, the Achieve Communications most critical bei ng that we have reinstat­ 1995-96 CCAS but fo und that many 3221 Prestwick Lane ed and enhanced the questions that will members and users or the report o rten Northbrook, lllinois 60062 provide mo re mcani ngfol results you can prefer Lo Oip to a report or figure for Phone: 847-562-8633 use. These include specific questions that quick reference. In addition, a printed Fax: 847-562-8634 ask for total costs for each or several repo rt makes it easier and quicker to E-mail: [email protected] Facililies Manager {ISSN 0882-7249) is runclional areas within the facilities op­ cite an authoritati ve source to your publisbcd six umes a year Oanuary, March, eration. Users or the final repon will be board or administration when a budget May. July. September, and November) Editorial able Lo easily ascertai n many cos1-pcr­ memo or meeting is pending. contribu1ions are welcome and should be ,;en1 Third, we will create specialized 10 the address below. squarc-foot calculations I ha, were not Of APPA's annual membership dues, $40 included in the 1995-96 CCAS report. information rrom the 1997-98 CCAS pays for 1he subscription 10 Facilities Joe Ruben one, director or facilities al survey for use through APPA ct, the Manager. Additional annual subscriptions cost $48 (S60 for non-U.S. addresses). For Quinnipiac College and APPAs Vice Pres­ associations wcbsi1c (hup://www.appa. information on rates and deadlines for display ident for Information Services, is Lo be Q.U,',). This will allow anyone free and advertising, telephone 847-562-8614 or immediate access Lo some or the key 703-684-1446 ext. 238. commended for his leadership in the Copyright ©1999 by APPA: The Association redirection and improvement of the ftndings and trends found in the survey of Higher Education Facilities Officers. Com parative Costs and Staffing survey responses. Contents may not be reprinted or reproduced If you receive a copy or the 1997-98 in any form without wriuen permission. The We also want LO thank subcommiuce opimons expressed arc those of the authors and members Phil Cox or Cornell Univers ity Comparative Costs and Staffing survey do not necessarily reflect the views of APPA. and Larry Givens of the University or this year, we urge you Lo respond as Ed11orial menuon of companies or products is completely and accurately as possible. for informa11onal purposes only and should not California/Irvine, for their detailed work be construed as an endorsement, actual or on developing the 1997-98 CCAS survey. The final report will o nly be as valid and implied, by the Association. The entire lnfomrntion Ser\'ices Commit­ mcaningrul as the data reported by the POSTMASTER: Send address changes 10 Facilities Manager, 16-13 Prince Street, tee spem many hours working on these institutions. and we are looking Lo in­ Alexandria, VA 2231-+-2818. improvements, and we also thank many crease both the number o r s urvey CCAS users (including Jim Christenson, respondems and the quality or the data received. We look forward LO your Published by APPA: John Greene, and Terry Ruprecht among The Association of Higher others) for their questions, concerns, and parucipalion. i Education Facilities Officers suggestions. 1643 Prince Street Alexandria, VA 22314-2818

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Eastern Region but also encouraged all participants ccss in the facilities management field Theresa C. Jordan to learn all they could and take home and this year was no exception. ERAPPA Newsletter Editor many creative ideas back to their Electrical clistribution tops most eaves were tinged in brilliant institutions. facilities managers' concern list LOday. gold, orange, and red, and a A hearty thanks LO all business part­ Many marketplace questions were LLOuch of crispness prevailed as ners participants who shared many answered and carried to another level the SouLhern New England Chapter of new products, offered solutions to in the role generaLOrs will play in the the Eastern Region welcomed all at­ age-old problems and once again pro­ assurance of reliable services. tendees to the 48th Annual Meeting vided the financial support that is an Human resource segments provided and Educational Conference. Provi­ integral pan of the success of our an­ thought-provoking tools, from selling dence, Rhode Island is an exciting city nual conference. Sincerest your ideas to change leadership to thaL is an inspiration for Facilities appreciation is extended to our many making a shift from maintenance to Management personnel. Master plan­ business partners. We look forward LO cusLOmer satisfaction to Worli Key ning, capital construction projects, our future productive relationships. Systems. The University of Delaware and funding took an area that was Educational sessions covered tech­ presented a case study on the relation­ slowly dying and has moved it forward nical, human resources, management ship between Residence Life and to a city that is alive and has a future. systems and grounds. The facwal in­ Facilities Mangement and the positive The theme "Power of an Idea" not formation gained in classes coupled outcomes achieved. only represented the success of a ci ty, with the networking has proven sue-

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College & University Program American Building Maintenance Co. You'll find that our proposals are detailed, accurate, 160 Pacific Avenue. Suite 222 and meet the unique demands of your campus. Building VA\ San Francisco. CA 94111 maintenance is all we do-and we've learned to do it very Fax 415-733-5126 • e-mail: [email protected] well indeed. More and more institutions are finding that ABNI www.abm.com AMERICAN BUILDING an "operating partnership" with ABM Janitorial Services MAINTI,NANCE CO a subsidiary ol @!! lnduslnes lncorporaled Continued from page 4 em Mississippi. The theme for the • How to ALLracL, Motivate and Retain DelegaLe, Mike Besspiala, Georgetown 1999 conference is "Sail Into Success Tech Maintenance Employees College. on the Mississippi Gulf Coast." • Concepts and Opportunities in a Deregu lated Energy Market Nominations fo r APPA Office in­ Midwest Region • Va lue Engineering cluded Jack Colby, UniversiLy of NC Becky Hamilton • How to Develop Effective Listening al Greensboro, for Vice President for MAPPA Newsletter Editor Shills Professional Affairs, and Ken Symon­ he 1998 MAPPA Educational • "Old Order /naex" Organizing, ette, Tula ne LJnjversity, for SecreLary/ Conference and Annual Meet­ Prioritizing, Surveying Trends in Treasurer. ing, hosted by St. Thomas T Orders Two special committees were devel­ University, was held al the Thunder­ • Effective Facility Stewardship for oped. The new Conference bird Hotel and Conference Center in Small Colleges and Universities Committee includes the Vice Presi­ Bloomington, Minnesota. The decor • Internet-Intranet dent for Long Range Planning, the of the hotel, wh.ich was Native Ameri­ There were also infonnalion First Vice President, the Second Vice can, was a perfect selling for our exchanges addressing small and large President, and the Secretary/Treasurer. membership to "Face the ew Fron­ school issues, as well as a special­ The Newsletter Commiuee consists of tier" LOgether. extremely lively- info rmation the Vice President for Long Range The Keynote address was presented exchange on Y2K i_c;sues. Planning, the Committee Chair Uew­ by Bill Daigneau, Associate Vice Presi­ The exhibit hall was another ideal eU Frazier, Tennessee State dent and Chief Facili ties Offi cer al the place to foster partnerships. There UniversiLy), State Reporters, and a University of Texas, Anderson Cancer Vendor Representative. was a record number of vendors par­ Mike White of the ticipating this year, giving auendees a University of Miami as­ wonderful opportunity to meet the sumed SRA PPA people and see first-hand the state-of­ Presidency during the the-art products and services they annual meeting and his have available to help us do our jobs agenda includes promot­ beuer. ing the use of The social activities also enhanced performance indicators, our opportunities to get to know each benchmarking, and "best other. A Monday night visit to the in class" practices among Mystic Lake Casino was enjoyed by SRAPPA member institu­ all. (Some more than others depend­ tions; fun hering the ing upon how they fared at the tables development of the and machines!) A delicious dinner SRAPPA homepage as a Jolin Ha rrod receives APPA Meritorious Service Award and entertainment by a comedienne resource and information from Maggie Kinnaman set the tone for the evening! LOol for the southeast re- The Tuesday night banquet featured a jazz band and en trees typical LO our gion; increasing membership in APPA Center and his topic was "Partnering Minnesota host site. A special high­ and SRAPPA for historically black col­ in the University and College Selling." light during the banquet was seeing leges and universities (the goal is to He was particularly comfortable with John Harrod, University of Wiscon­ bring the LOtal number of HBCUs in our group as his roots are in the Mid­ sin- Madison, receive the APPA the southeast region Lo at least 40 in­ west. He stressed the importance of Meritorious Service Award from Mag­ stitutions); and continuously being open LO change-that we "can't gie Kinnaman, President-elect of assessing APPAs effectiveness in meet­ plan LO change, we have LO be adept APPA. John was not able to attend ing the needs of members. Mike enough to change our plans." the Annual APPA Conference in San welcomes comments and suggestions The educational sessions of the Jose where APPA awards are tradition­ from all members. You can reach him conference focused primarily on the ally given out. at 305-284-3051 or e-mail importance of parmering and sharing New offi cers were also sworn in and [email protected]. information: welcomed by our membership during The 1999 Conference is scheduled • Commissioning in che University the banquet: for October 23-26 in Biloxi, Mississip­ Selling • President: Greg Fichte,; Indiana pi at the Grand Casino Hotel and will • Getci ng to "Yes" on Deferred University be hosted by the Uruversity or South- Maintenance

J.11111,11\ / I d1111.11\ I l)lJlJ I .1ul11H·, \l.111.1gn I • President-elect: Teny Ruprecht, Uni­ dors fo llowed by the beginning of a good, clean humor and ever have a versity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign variety of excellent educational ses­ chance to hear Ben Burton, I highly • Treasurer: Clay Sheller, Goshen sions addressing the following topics: recommend him. College Mega Trends in Technology; Accredi­ It is safe to say that everyone had a • Secretary: Ph il Soule, The Ohio State tation Self Studies; Campus great time, both as an educational ex­ Universi ty Design-Assets Hidden in Plain Site; perience and as a time of fun and A special thanks to our hosts from EPA-Energy Star Buildings and fellowship. Additionally, all anendees St. Thomas who did an exceptional Green Lights; Electrical Deregulation can now say that they have been to job of makin g the 1998 MAPPA Con­ Impacts; CAD You Can; Procurement Toad Suck and Pickles Gap, Arkansas! ference a rewarding experience for all Specifications; District Cooling Pump­ The Annual Business Meeting was who attended! We look forward to ing Systems; Fiberglass Piping held on Monday afternoon, at which visiting Notre Dame next year! Systems for Chilled Water Distribu­ time it was announced that Rich tion; Injury Reduction Exercise Hoback had asked to be replaced as Program; CA D Single Line to 3-D; Membership Chair due to health Central Region FRP vs. Steel in HVAC Applications; problems and upcoming surgery. Rich Tom Jones Y2K Panel Discussion; Cross Training had done an outstanding job over a CAPPA Newsletter Editor in Housekeeping; New & ReLTofit Lab number of years and in recognition APPAs 46th Annual Education Projects; and Physical Plant Bench­ and appreciation he was given a Conference and Membership marking Project. Also, topical standing ovation. Neal Swarnes of C Meeting was held in Litt.le presentations were given by the fo l­ Couey College was elected to the po­ Rock, Arkansas, October 2-6, 1998, lowing vendors: Acadian Fiberglass; sition of Membership Chair. John hosted by Jerrel Fielder, Director of AEC Data; Alpha Building; American Skubal of Johnson County Commu­ Physical Plant, and his staff at the Thermal; Cutler Hammer; Energy nity College was elected Second Vice University of Central Arkansas. There Masters; Grainger; Parle; Portable President and will host CAPPAs 48th were a total of 267 anendecs (mem­ Pipe Hanger; ScalLTol; Sega; Smith Annual Meeting in the fa ll of 2000. bers, spouses, guests, and vendors) Fiberglass; Sout.l1west Conu·act; Also, Al Stoverink, Southeast Missouri who enjoyed delicious food , impor­ Tedco; and The Watt Stopper. In addi­ State University, was elected Third tant educational/technical tion to all of the above sessions, four Vice President and will host CAPPAs presentations, topical roundtable dis­ hours of a wide variety of subjects 49th Annual Meeting in the fall of cussions, excellent tours, sightseeing, were provided in topical roundtable 2001. shopping, and outstanding fu n and discussions. With all the information CAPPAs 47th Annual Education fellowship. This was t.l1e second time provided in these sessions, LOgether Conference and Membership Meeting that CAPPA has met in Lillie Rock­ with all the hours spent with the 43 will be held in San Antonio, Texas, the first being in 1980 when Mike exhibitors and t.l1e face-to-face inter­ October 10-14, 1999. The host will be Dwyer and the University of Arkansas action with each other, it was a great CAPPAs First Vice President,Jack Medical Center hosted the Annual learning experience for all attendees. Pellek, Director of Facilities, Alamo Meeting. As is tradition with CAPPA. an ac­ Community College District. For the Prior to the start of the conference, tive, involved, and fun Lime was conference center.Jack has reserved the Executive Committee held its provided fo r the spouses and guests, the Radisson Hotel which is conve­ semi-annual business meeting, which who enjoyed a gu ided tour of Morris ni ent.ly located only moments from was followed by the Annual CAPPA An1iques (eight large showrooms) in the Sa n Antonio River Walk, the Golf Tournament (this year called the Keo, Arkansas, lunch at Cothan's Mer­ Alamo, and other downtown attrac­ "Toad uck Classicn) where members, cantile (home of "The Hubcap tions. Jack is well on his way in vendors, and guests enjoyed a won­ Hamburgern) in Scott, Arkansas, and planning and preparing for the meet­ derful afternoon on the beautiful a tour of downtown "O ld Conway" ing and no doubt it will be another Cadron Valley Golf Course in Con­ and Pickles Gap. excellent learning and socializing op­ way. Again, this year CA PPA may not In addition, all attendees enjoyed portunity for everyone who attends. be able to claim a large number of tours of the University of Central All of you are cordially invited to San PGA tour-type golfers, but they cer­ Arkansas campus and Hendrix Col­ Antonio to participate in this enjoy­ tainly can be proud of the high quality lege campus, together with dinner able, educational experience! of friendship and support that occurs and entertainment at O ld Gin, great between its members! meals at the Doubletree Hotel, and an The conference started Saturday outstanding speaker at the banquet­ morning with breakfast with the ven- Ben Burton. Incidentally, if you enjoy Rocky Mountain Region high on Cleopatra Hill. The Jerome Simpson from JD/International, Charles N. Andersen State Historic Park recounts the min­ "Landscape Water Management and RMA President ing history so important to Arizona. Environmental Water Technologies" rescott, Arizona's "Mile High After the annual business meeting, by Christopher A. Larson from Xeris City," was the setting for RMA's it was time to get reacquainted with Companies, "Master Planning" by P46th Annual Educational Con­ old and new friends, enjoy some great Dave Kenyon andJohnJennings from ference, held September 16-19, and entertainment, food, and ice cream Kenyon Architectural Group and hosted by Yavapai College's Facilities and to interact with our wonderful "Defining and Evaluating Facilities Management Department. The theme sponsors. Our partners were very in­ Performance" by Manual Marti from this year was "Searching for Gold." strumental in making this a great Facilities Planning and Research. Golden opportunities can be fou nd in conference. Their services and prod­ This year's conference goal was to many places and in the people with ucts were on display and interaction create plenty of opportunities to whom we work, but education, train­ was encouraged throughout the con­ search for gold. Great educational ing, development, and caring are ference. programs, good food and entertain­ critical to finding the true gold in peo­ Attendees had two more opportuni­ ment, a beautiful setting, and a region ple. Gold potentially can be found in ties to go searching for gold in the fu ll of wonderful people helped us to electric deregulation, planning, and morning on Friday. They either went achieve this goal. Thanks to all partic­ sometimes in the facilities we build, to the Electric Deregulation Panel Dis­ ipants for a wonderful conference. cussion with panelists Alene Bentley maintain, and operate. All it takes is Pacific Coast Region from PacifiCorp, Vicki G. Sandler desire, leadership, and creativity to Chris Christofferson from APS, Scott A. Gutting from Ener­ find it. With this in mind, the host PCAPPA Newsletter Editor gy Strategies, Inc. and John C. committee selected discussion topics, CAPPA members recently en­ presentations, activities, and our en­ Tysseling, E3c, Inc, or they went to joyed one of the most tertainment for the conference. listen to Dr. James H. Davis from the productive annual meetings University of Notre Dame lead a dis­ P We started the conference by pro­ ever held by the organization. The viding two great aclivities for the day. cussion on "Becoming More Relevant meeting, hosted by Jim Hansen of The golf enthusiast had the annual or Transformational Management and California State University, San How to Manage Change Effectively." golf tournament at Antelope Hills Bernardino, was held in Rancho Mi­ Golf Course. As they say, "drive for Three more sessions were provided rage (near Palm Springs) and attracted show and putt for gold." In Prescott, that afternoon on "Optimizing the a turnout of 125 registrants and 24 golf is a year-round passion and at Operation of Central Chilled Water major vendors. ln addition to great 5,300 feet elevation, the air is sweeter Production and Distribution Systems" golf weather, there was an educational and the ball 0ies farther. The "yellow by William I. Nelson from GLHN. Jan session focused on personality types, ball" tournament was a big hit again Plank presented ME, Inc. and Robert interpersonal relationships, and this year. As we tallied the scores, it King and Mark Davidson from Sun­ management styles led by Anita was very apparent who was driving rise Engineering presented on Zimmem1an. for show and who was putting for the "Geographic Information System Ad­ In another significant development, vantages to University and College gold. More than 70 participated and one of our vendors made an additional even if some of us had more opportu­ Campuses." Many sponsors also pro­ contribution to a PCAPPA Scholarship vided Optional Technical Sessions. nities to see more of the course than fund established by their initial dona­ just the fairways, all had a good time. After dinner, conference attendees tion one year ago. This fund will For those who preferred a more experienced the Arizona Jamboree, a directly support tl1e strategic efforts by wonderful variety show, where all had relaxing time we provided a tour to President Johnny Torrez and Education a great time (especially Val Peterson Sedona's majestic red rock country. Chair Hi ldo Hernandez to significantly Inspirational natural splendor, diverse from Arizona State University). increase tl1e support for educational recreation, and delightful southwest Saturday started concurrent activities wimin the region. hospitality made this a place to expe­ sessions on the topics of "Expanding We are all looking forward to next Emergency Response and Disaster rience. Among other attractions, the years meeting, hosted by John Amend Recovery Plans to Address lnstitulion­ pleasure of shopping is unique with a of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Wide Business and Service Continuity variety of an-filled plazas interspersed and located in Las Vegas, and in the with one-of-a-kind collections. They Issues" by Pat Moore from Strohl Sys­ Los Angeles/Long Beach area the fol­ also took a trip back in history to the tems. Other sessions included lowing year. old mining town of Jerome-perched "Project Specific Web Sites" by Ward Australasian Region FMA have joined hands and will be received a record numbers of applica­ Neville Thiele working together to provide both tions this year. AAPPA Board of Directors memberships \vith improved services. lflform atio11 Services: There were a t the l 997 Annual conference The search for further strategic part­ number of highlights in the area of in Sydney, AAPPA 2000, our ners will continue. information services in 1997-98. A A strategic plan for the future, Membership: This year the associa­ much-improved website, providing an was launched. This was the first time tion enjoyed a mini boom in outstanding resource to members, was that AA PPA had articulated its vision, membership. First, the number of as­ released in April. In addition, purpose, goals, and strategies to its sociate members grew by an subscription to the association's dis­ members. The plan identified key impressive 46 percent to almost 400. cussion group, AAPPA- list, grew by strategic issues that would help shape Second, the board set itself a target of almost 50 percent with an increase in and direct the AAPPA into the next 25 new subscribing (i. e. corporate, list traffi c of 240 percent. AAPPA'.s millennium. for-profit) members, a target that has newsletter has also vastly improved. Possibly the key recommendation been 80 percent met. This represents a Both the quality and the number of in AAPPA 2000 was recognition of the 1,000 percent increase in existing sub­ articles submitted have been a real need to partner with key faci lities or­ scribing members. Third, while the credit to those involved. ganizations, associations, and institutional membership retention Finally, participation in AAPPA'.s for-profit companies outside of the rate was marginally above 92 percent, annual benchmark survey grew yet tertiary education sector, to forge the total number of institutional again, this year by 15 percent, with 63 strategic alliances with others that in members was maintained by attract­ returns submitted. the past we may have regarded as our ing new members. And finally, a Fi11m1ce and Admi11istratio11: On competi tors. Growing the association number of affiliate bodies (e.g. local the financial front, AAPPA remains in all membership categories and cre­ cou ncils, private schools) expressed extremely healthy with current cash ati ng the right climate fo r the an interest in joining AA PPA and this reserves and remains financially exchange of ideas, experiences, know­ will be pursued in rhe coming sound due to a solid membership base how successes, and benchmarking months. and education programs. Identifying, data also were seen as critical to the Education: Providing outstanding establishing, and funding innovative success of the association. training programs for members is a research activities and special interest Strategic Partnerships: In 1998, primary objective of AAPPA. The edu­ groups (e.g. a futuring group) will be AAPPA established close ties with two cation commiltee reviewed many a challenge. key strategic panners. We worked varied FM training programs available Ammal Co11fere11ce: The AAPPA closely wi th the OECD's Institutional in the Australasian region. The aim Annual Conference was held in Dar­ Management of Higher Education has been to develop a training model win, September 2- 4, in conjunction Program (IMHE) and have formally that would allow members to accu­ with the Conference of the Associa­ agreed to collect and share benchmark mulate credit for training received tion for Tertiary Education data, to collaborate on research work from diITerent accredited providers. Management. The conference theme in the facilities management field, and This is a major task and will continue "Walking the Tightrope Competition to actively promote the work of each into 1999. Collaboration?" was emphasized other's organ izations. AAPPA and the AAPPA'.s Facilities Management throughout the conference with cam­ Program al Little Bay pus tours, experience exchanges, and was revamped this panel discussions. AAPPA members year and attracted a appreciated the hospitality of the Dar­ record of 32 partici­ win people which made for an pants, a 40 percent enjoyable conference experience. improvement on the The Annual General Meeting, held previous best atten­ in conjunction with the conference, dance figure. The included comments and input from program cominues to Maggie Kinnaman APPA President­ attract very positive Elect (USA). Maggie was a lead fe edback from almost speaker at a plenary session with the every attendee. And, theme "Technology- Friend or Foe in in the area of scholar­ our Race to the Future," and her in­ ships, AA PPA sight on the topic was excellent. i Executi~e Summary

APPA's Cutting-Edge Initiatives by E. Lander Medlin

many other projects and initiatives for custodial operations which encom­ I had the This past fall comple1ed or underway. pass tasks, frequencies, costs, staffing opportunity to visit with a great num­ As an association's purpose is edu­ and cleaning levels or service ber of members at their respective cation, research and recognition, I will categories for various types of facilities. regional meetings. The experience outline these cutting-edge initiatives • A Technical Trades Staffmg Task continues to be invaluable providing accordingly: Force has been formed jointly with insight in the direction of the profes­ the Construction Market Data Group sion and feedback on your needs and EDUCATION (CMD Group/ R.S. Means), another issues. Each regional president and • The development of the curricu­ elite strategic alliance partner of their board members, and educational lum for the third leadership program APPA's, to determine the feasibili ty of meeting host should be very proud of of the Professional Leadership Cen­ developing a set of costs and staffmg those volunteers from the ins titutions ter's Academy called "Professional guidelines for the technical trade areas hosting the meetings who actively Development Skills" is complete. De­ of faci li ties operations and attended to every detaiJ and worked livery of this program will occur at the maintenance. Although many tools tirelessly to deliver such memorable University of Maryland in College and much data exist withing the con­ experiences. 1 continue to be Park from February 7-12, 1999. You struction and repair industry for impressed by the quality of the educa­ won't want to miss this capstone staffin g and cost estimation, no indus­ tional programming and the event! try guideline has been established for importance each region places on • A utilities deregulation workshop the facilities operations and mainte­ building strong relationships with our will be offered in Wa<;hington, D.C. nance trades. business partners. In this high tech this spring. For more immediate in­ world of e-mail, voice mail, websites fonnation, our book on this topic is RECOGNITION and faxes, it is a welcome pleasure to available through APPA's Publications • Criteria for tl1e achievement of make personal contact with so many Department. the "Fellows" designation is nearing of the members. Besides renewing old completion. Look for an article this RESEARCH friendships and making new acquain­ spring outlining the criteria to achieve • The Information Services Com­ tances, 1 had the opportunity to speak the "fellows" status designation. mittee has significantly streamlined to the regional board and all attendees • A new "Pacesetter" award has and further refined the 1997-98 Com­ ahout APPA's past accomplishments, been approved by the Board as out­ paral ive Costs and Staffing survey present activities, and the future di­ lined in the November/December which has already been disseminated rection of the fac ilities profession. 1998 issue of the Facilities Manager with an expected return to APPA in Although most of our past magazine and on APPA's website. February 1999. accomplishments and present activi­ Make sure you "recognize talent when • A Strategic Assessment Model ties have been and will continue to be you see it" by submitting a name(s) (SAM) handbook will soon be avail­ reported on by the Presidents (past, for APPA's awards. able as a new publication with specific present, and president-elect) and the Although iliis represents a great individual information already provid­ Vice Presidents, it is important to em­ deal of activity, it is not without focus ed to each institutional participant. phasize a few of our new, cutting-edge and alignment with APPA's strategic • A Grounds Staffing Guidelines initiatives so you wi ll remain well­ plan and the needs of the facilities Task Force has been fonned with, and infonned about what we are doing on profession. Yet I recognize your needs jointly chaired by, the Professional your behalf. 1 urge you to visit APPA's are continuously changing and evolv­ Grounds Management Society website (www.appa.org) under the ing, which further emphasizes the (PGMS), one of APPA's elite strategic new "Board Minutes" section for need we have for constant and contin­ alliance partners, established to pre­ further details and status on these and uous feedback, advice and guidance pare a set of costs and staffing from you to stay in touch and in sync guidelines for grounds maintenance in Lander Medlin is APPA's executive with those evolving needs. educational facilities. We envision vice president. Sl,e can be contacted For example, we desperately need guidelines similar to those established at [email protected]. your feedback as we revisit the facili ties profession long range plan of attention is purposely focused on this Five Driving Forces the early 1990s with the goal of up­ important initiative. Understanding 1. Information Technology dating, even reinventing, the where the profession is now and 2. Resource Scarcity profession as we enter the new mille­ maybe more importantly where the 3. Societal Changes nium. Each of you can provide profession is going is essential for my 4. Role of Government tremendous assistance toward this effectiveness in doing this. 5. Environmental Deterioration specific effort over the coming Finally, your direction and guidance months by 1) responding to a Mem­ Six New Roles for the in setting the direction of the facHities ber Opinion Survey if you are Facilities Professional profession has taken on new signifi­ randomly chosen to do so, and 2) pro­ 1. Operations Coordinator cance as the world has changed most viding feedback to me or any staff 2. Strategist dramatically and continues to change at an extremely rapid pace. It is the rate member on the needs and direction of 3. Industry Parmer and pace of change that I cannot em­ the profession. 4. Asset Manager phasize enough. Kevin Kelly, who As you think of the future of the 5. Information Technologist wrote the book New Rules for a New facilities profession, consider Bill 6. Executive Economy, put it best as he recounted a Daigneau's article from the Septem­ This feedback will be used to devel­ parable rooted in biology. ber/October 1997 Facilities Manager op a new long range plan for the In a pond 011 e summer a floating lily magazine entitled "The Future of Fa­ facilities profession which will serve leaf doubles in size every day until it cilities Management" where he to drive APPAs future programmatic covers the entire suiface of water. The outlines the critical driving fo rces af­ activities and research agenda. As au­ day before it completely covers the fecting society, higher education, and thor Gary Hamel aptly points out, pond, the water is only half covered, correspondingly the facilities profes­ 'T here is no telling where the next and the day before that, only a quar­ sion and their impact on changing the revolutionary idea will come from; ter covered, and the day before that, roles of the facilities professional in certainly no one should assume it can only a measly one-eighth. While the the 21st century. emerge only from the boardroom." lily grows imperceptibly all summer Continuous feedback is so impor­ long, only in the last week of the tant because the association exists to cycle wou ld most bystanders notice serve you. We cannot serve you well its "sudden" appearance. unless we know what your needs, The impact of the rate and pace of INFORMED. CUSTODIAL wants and issues are now and well change on the facilities profession is STAFFING SOFTWARE into the future. So feedback serves us like that of the lily leaf as it seemingly, botl1 by providing the opportunity to imperceptibly covers the lily pond. In a friendly Microsoft Windows create meaningful programs, products, "Most of the pond looks empty, but a atmosphere: and services that are of value to you. few lilies are doubling in size." Most • Benchmark and justify your staffing level Second , your feedback helps us un­ of the change seems so far removed, against national norms. derstand what you want the but indeed it's doubling in size. For • Perform "what if' scenarios with the "click" of a button association to do on your behalf. In you to keep ahead of that change • Establish balanced cleaning areas and multiple the words of a number of the mem­ curve you must think strategically shift schedules. bers from the previous membership about the care and use of your facility From Jack C. Dudley, PE, APPA Member survey, "the international association assets; you must embrace the need for Emeritus, Editor and Co-author of the APPA: has a greater opportunity to promote organizational change; you must en­ Association of Higher Education Facilities the awareness and recognition, and sure the productive use of your staff; Officers publication Custodial Staffing Guidelines for Educational Facilities, first increase the viability and visibility of you must skillfully meet your stake­ edition and Co-author of the second edition. the facilities profession with senior holders' needs; and, you must align Using methods developed for the book, the institutional officers and the media your operations with your institutions software has been in successful use for 5 years at a large number of educational institutions. where a single institution cannot." vision, mission, and objectives. We heard this message loud and In the words from the filmjerry Several models are available starting at: clear. This message represents one of McGuire, "HELP ME HELP YOU! " By $179 the fi ve strategic initiatives of APPAs providing continuous feedback, advice Call or Write Jack for Details. strategic plan which states "to and guidance concerning your needs • The Institute for Facilities Operations Research and increase the awareness of the facHities and the direction of the faci lities pro­ Management Educational Development profession with senior institutional fession, APPA can more directly and 5335 South Lakeshore Drive officers." Therefore, a significant instantaneously assist you in keeping Racine, Wisconsin 53403 amount of my time, effort, energy and ahead of that change curve . .l (414) 552-8966 Focus on Ma agement Moments of Truth by H . Val Peterson

During these brief encounters with tell the customer a lot about the per­ ourper- Each of us in our customers (students, staff, facul­ son. An employee that enjoys what sona1 lives experience incidents that ty, and visitors), they are exposed to he or she is doing demonstrates that tend to be "moments of truth." These what we do and how we do it. As a attitude in their appearance. The op­ moments arise when we must make a facilities management organization, posite is also true. difficult decision or ethical our services touch each and every • WJ1ed1er employees smile and ap­ judgments, when a personal tragedy person that comes and goes (or even pear to be pleasa,it. On occasion, hits, or when faced with a medical stays) on campus. How we each of us may have been accused of crisis. During these occasions, we are respond---directly or indirectl y-to being "mad" at someone because we called upon to take decisive action, our customers determines how they failed to smile at them. Our smiles make timely decision.c;, or convey ap­ feel about the organization. And in and a pleasant demeanor are impor­ propriate remarks that reveal our "real fact, how the customers of the facili­ tant to our customers. self. " These moments of truth identi­ ties management operation view the • How promptly customers are ltelped fy us for what we truly believe and organization determines, to a degree, or served. When considering this stand for as a person. These periodic how they feel about our college or item, we typically think in terms of moments substantiate how we mea­ university. retail establishments, but there are sure up. In the same manner, every Consider the following universal parallels within the facilities manage­ business and organization that pro­ moments of tTuth: ment organization. Some examples: vides a service or a product has • How fast rutd how well tl,e pliones Do we promptly return telephone "moments of truth" with its are answered. Unanswered phones calls? Are routine trouble calls ad­ customers. that ring and ring, and curt or un­ dressed in a timely manner? How Moments of truth vary from busi­ helpful responses once they are long does one wait to have an overly ness to business and organizati on to answered, turn people off or make hot room restored to acceptable tem­ organization. For a retail them angry. Prompt answering of peratures? There are numerous establishment, a moment of truth phones and courteous and friendly examples that could be used. happens when the customer asks a responses make for satisfied • How routine customer questions are sales clerk for assistance. For a bakery, customers. handled. How we address the moment of truth happens when • T11e appearattce attd deattlittess of complaints, trouble calls, and project the customer bites into its product. die buildittgs rutd growtds. While we and billing status inquiries are criti­ The moment of truth for a nurse is sometimes blame the inadequate cally important. We deal with a wide how painless a shot can be adminis­ budget for less than desirable condi­ variety of technical issues on a daily tered. Moments of truth happen tions, people typically make the basis and our customers should not within every organization over and difference more so than the dollars be expected to understand the tech­ over again on a continuous basis. spent. lnstances can be cited where nical side of operations. But many For each of us in a facilities man­ two maintenance organizations were times inquiries are made because agement organization, that moment provided nearly identical resources they need to know or they are gen­ of truth comes when we answer the and yet the condition of the facilities uinely interested in what is taking telephone, or personally greet a de­ at one institution was far superior to place. partmental secretary, clean an the other. Why the difference? It was • Tlte cleanliness of restrooms. The offi ce, adjust a thermostat, or 101 the work of a motivated and caring greater pan of a building might be other tasks performed each day. staff. spotl ess, but a dirty restroom leaves • T11e appearattce of employees. The a bad overall impression of the facili­ Val Petersott is director offacilities appearance of individuals creates ty, as well as the maintenance mattagemettt at Arizona State initial impressions that go beyond operation. Uttiversity, Tempe, Arizona, and a just having neat and clean clothing •Tlie effectiveness ofsigns. Many in­ past APPA Presidettt. He ca,, be and good grooming. The demeanor stitutions have committed reached at [email protected]. an individual carries with them can considerable time and resources to

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H ...,.,...,,,__ ~_ ·~-..,..._ J,111u,11, / l eb1 u,11, fl)l)l) I ,1til1t1t·~ \l,111,1ger by Dr.James Cm1ton

he world is changing in very fast and dramatic ways. and how they may affect you in the future. My definition of Do you remember when your job revolved around the future may be one minute from today, not necessarily five T keeping the lights on and making sure the buildings years from today, though l will give you some forecasts. are warm during the winter? You never saw or heard from the Are you ready for a world where supply doesn't equal de­ dean too much, you did your job, and you kept out of the mand? Are you ready for a world where companies spend spotlight as much as possible. Remember that job hundreds of millions of dollars to huild products to then give description? Well, that's history! them away? Are you ready for a world where less than 50 per­ Why? Because we're faced with a variety of new complex cent of all the products that will have superior market share technologies, market drivers, and economic shifts in the in the 21st century haven't even been invented yet? We're liv­ world that are reshaping every single organization, every sin­ ing in a time of accelerated change. But what does that mean gle industry, and I'm here to give you a strategic heads up of and how might it affect your world? exactly what those changes are, what those technologies are, I'm going to talk on two different levels today. I'm going to talk on a level of how our larger society and economy is going to be reshaped by technology and what those key technology trends are. I'm also going to drill down on how it may affect Dr. James Ca11t011 is president of die Institute for Global you. Future-'i, a San Francisco-based international tl1i11h ta11h Imagine that the year is 1900, and l come to you with an a11d strategic plam1i11g group. His website is idea about a new device that's going to sit in everybody's www.technofut11res.com. He is editor-i11 -chief of 21st home, and it's going to tell stories and have pictures and Century Online, an award-winnirlg digital magazine on die music, and it's going to fundamentally change commerce as lflternet, and l1is new booll is called Future Smart: we know it. It's going to fu ndamentally change even educa­ Business Intelligence for the 21st Century. This article is tion as we know it. It's called the television. lf l came to you tahei1 from Dr. Canto11 '.s hey11ote address to the APPA in 1900 with an invention that sounded completely memberslrip at t1,e 1998 Ed11cational Conference in Sa11 outrageous, revolutionary, impossible, a miracle, how many Jose, California. APPA is pleased to ach1ww ledge die CMD people would have believed me? Very, very few Lets go back Group for its generous sponsorship of Dr. Ca11to11'.s speecl1. even further. The year is 1400, I've got this terrific friend who's developed this thing called the printing press. Up to Idaho Business and Trade Industry Association. The fellow then, publishing was a nice little niche business for monks who spoke before me was a dean at the University of Idaho. who were forced into making liqueurs after that. He showed all kinds of new technologies and made a great So would you believe me if I tell you today that we're on facilities presentation. But really, what was his message? I the edge of a global digital culture, one that includes smart asked him, "How are you going to grow your university? You robotic systems, low orbiti ng satelli tes scouring the planet, don't have that many bodies in Idaho." Of course, 1 knew the the Internet, and virtual education- that we are at the edge answer, but I wanted to see if he knew the answer. He was of a convergence of a variety of new technologies that are way ahead of me. "Virtual," he said. "Our market is for stu­ going to fu ndamentally change culture, society, and certainly dents is China." China? He was tell ing this to a crowd of education as we know it? What was blasphemy yesterday is Idaho senators a~d business leaders, and they were scratching reality today Digi tal culture is a force that is changing all their heads. How come China? "Well," he said, "we may not generations. have a lot of people in ldaho, but there are a couple billion Want to hear about your customer? The students as well as people over the next five to seven years in China who'll be the facul ty and other staff members who walk through your ready for school, and who's going to take care of them? We've halls? There have heen more breakthroughs, more got tremendous technical and engineering capabili ty, tremen­ innovations in terms of technology, more inventions in the dous science capability, so we're building a virtual past hundred years than the previous 2,000 years. What's hap­ infrastructure." Who's his partner in crime at the university? pening? We're developing a variety of new super tools that are The facilities people. changing our culture. My 75-year-old mother has e-mail. This The new value chain is virtual integration. In every single is a cultural force. indusu-y, we are fi nding that the folks are connecting the peo­ ple that make stuff with the people that buy stuff. The more New Business Model that can be done through the Internet, the more people are There is a new business model that is going to affect you. squeezing better efficiency and more profitability out of their How many of you in facilities management have been or are operation. Now virtual integration is, in one way, causi.ng involved in your institution's strategic planning for not just what we like to say as future's disintermediation. What does the facili ties and the infrastructure, but for the other stuff, the that mean? It means that a whole lot of industries and busi­ virLUal education, teleconferencing, and scanning that goes on nesses are going to be reshaped, and a lot of bodies are going there7 How many of you are in those conversati ons of strate­ to be disappearing from the traditional workforce. There's a gic planning? Now, how many of you are reacli.ve to other reason that AT&T and IBM and others have offered early re­ parts of the college or school system making those decisions tirement. They had ten times the people interested in early and then planning upon you? retirement. Wh y7 Because people are looking fo r greater op­ You need to be in the conversation about strategic portunity in the market place and are leveraging off of these planning, and it's a lot bigger than the facilities. Why? new technologies. Becausr the student of the future is going to be looking at Real-time agil ity is the new approach for doing business how wired and how ready your facility is for the 21st century. and fo r running organizations, nonprofit or profit. How fast So what does that mt>an? It means that all of a sudden you can you get me that infonnation and make a decision? How have been relegated as part of the strategic thinking team at fast can we transform our infrastructure to be able to provide the university to help plan a 21st century-ready facility. lf you the services so that our customers--students and faculty­ don't, it's going to have a big im pact on the quality and the can make faster and better decisions? number of students and faculty who choose to come to your We do major studies for corporations worldwide. What do institution. we fin d? Tremendous fai lure about how to roll out new tech­ ALI of a sudden you're involved in a competitive road race nologies. Tremendous technologies that, at the same time, fo r the 21st century. And you've still got to keep the lights on work with big companies, and small ones. What stopped peo­ and the buildings cleaned and maintained. But it's a more ple from adopting new technology? Fear of change! competitive environment where students can go to 5,000 dif­ I'm going to give you a model you can use to dissect your ferent universities---and more than 150 of them are virtual, organization, the people you work with, and your future. We and possibly doubling in number in the next few years. did a study for Fujitsu on why people weren't adopting new Prospective students are going to start looking at how smart computer products. There are four styles about how people those rooms are, how smart is the facility, how available is it, manage technology adoption and how they manage change how Internet-deployable is it. when it comes to embracing new technologi.es that are The new business model in every industry, not just you rs, intended to enhance peoples' lives and productivity. By the is the network economy. Enterprise-wide, global connectivity way, none of us like change, so this isn't good or bad, this is drives opportunity, and it wi ll drive yours in educational faci l­ just the way it is. There are, in virtually every group of people, ities. l was in Idaho recently giving a presentation to the representations of all four styles. The first style is the traditionalist. The traditionalist is an that "I need to fight these batth•_,; hy heing smarter, more cre­ overt resis tor of change. This is the individual you go into a ative, and coming to conferences Lo network with my peers." meeting with and he or she says, "You know, this is a really The fourth style is the innovator. You can always tell an bad idea giving all the students free Internet access! That is innovator in a meeting. He or she is the champion of change. crazy! " A traditionalist's mon o is "if in ain't broke, don't ftx The innovator is the early adopter of the change. Innovators it. " They might say, "Hey, we've been running the facility for tend to innovate. Why? Because they recognize you're in an so long like this that I just don't see any reason to change increasingly competitive environment. You do have this." Traditionalists tend LO be the boss or key decision customers, there is competition. What you do does make a maker; they've been around a long lime. difference. It is important. And your role needs to get bigger! A maintainer is a covert resistor of change. The maintainer You need LO advocate for a more strategic relationship within says yes but means no. You always know you've got a main­ the organization. It's not just about being reactive to building tainer because they say, "That sounds like a great idea, Bob, out the infrastructure, it's about being involved in decision I'll send you some e-mail on that. " You find out later they making for what that's going to look like and all the different never had e-mail. What's wrong with this picture? Maintain­ aspects of it. ers don't like to make waves. "Oh, you've got an idea about So what does that mean? You've got to get smarier about how you want to fonn an alliance wi th the local ISP and offer the future. You've got LO learn a bunch of new things yourself. In ternet service and get the telco to subsidize it and produce a You've got to leverage off of other people who are smarter consortium so we can offset these costs and provide it to the around you. Surround yourself with people who are smarter students? Great! Give me a report on it." Why? So he can fo r­ than you. Despite all of this technology stuff, you don't need get about it. That'.s a maintainer. to know it all yourself-you need to surround yourself with Adapters, the third style, tend to be willing to learn. Are people who get it. they afraid of change li ke all the rest of us? Yes. But they're I want to tell you about another aspect of real-time agility. willing to learn and LO try new things. Adapters are willing to There'.s two models on the Internet that represent very inter­ do what? Adapt. They're willing to change. They recognize esting new business models that I think are going to have an impact on your particular market. Think about an environ-

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J,1n11,11, / ll'ht11,1n ll)lJlJ l.n1ht1<·~\l.111.1gn - - ~-c--:.--- ~:;:;:;.,..::,..;:.=;::-----:-:==;:,-- I , ment online where you can bid on any product and service people are going Lo be competing more and more. So mass that you want. How about an education? I'm willing to pay customization is a key Lrend for the future. "X" number of dollars as a student for a four-year education We as a culture are embracing new technology faster than or an MBA. Who wants to compete for that business? Think ever before. Let's talk about your customer of the future. about that as a business model. Twenty-first cenlllry customers, and I mean both the faculty, What about infrasLructure? I'm willing as a facilities man­ the adminisLration, your external customers, and students ager to pay a company LO build out my infrastructure, to lay with higher stress, and a high expectation for quality service. out fiber, make it videoconferencing capable, and put fiber More and more, as new rechnologies come out and they nodes all over and ATM switches, and all kinds of cool stuff. change the economy, whole industries and markets are going "X" number of dollars for this facility Who wants LO bid on to be reshaped. It's already going on. Lt's happening just faster that? By the way, all this bidding will be done in real-time. because within a generation you can see it now. Forty-plus How ready for real-time agility are you or your organization? percent of Americans will be telecommuting-they won'1 be Or are you just keeping the lights on? Are you just keeping at the office, they'll be in the market place. the buildings wann? I would predict that the next evolution in higher education is going to be people that never stepped inside the university, Digital Convergence totally matriculated outside of it, and are living thousands of Have you noticed all of a miles away in China, South sudden that computers, America, and other places. telephones, and TVs are Your customer base is going starting to do some of the to expand; it's going LO be same kind of things? There transglobal. More and more are approximately more customers are going to be than 8 million personal dig­ looking for infrasLructure ital assistants available that can link them to a today. People are walking wired universe. Are you around with these little ready for those challenges? PDAs, pilot organizers, and Are you in that conversa­ other useful devices. Soon tion? Are you part of that you'll find more and more strategic planning? Or are of them will be wireless. you in a reactive mode? They'll be connected to tele­ Customer relationship com systems. management is critical to all It's a tremendous oppor­ of this. Another key tunity for you to play a role uptrend in business and in in creating alliances. You organizations is how you're managing those relationships, can leverage off of the needs of students and faculty on one what kind of technology are you using to do that? What's side of the equation with you as the faci litator of a gateway in your customer relationship sLrategy? Or are you just keeping the university system, the gatekeeper of that infrastructure. the lights on? Knowledge value management is a major key On the other side of the equation, all the corporations are uptrend which I'll finish with before we move into technolo­ at a level of crisis and are looking for high-tech, career-orient­ gies. l would say this is, and again, this is a heads-up for you ed graduates. And we've got a crisis in the United States about because it may not be touching you as much as it will-every this. Why? When you've got corporate America banging on organization is facing a challenge between being able to ex­ the doors of Congress to let more immigrants into the United tract knowledge out of all the data they collect on customers, States because they do not have the confidence in the educa­ all the data they collect in the market place, and all the data tional system to produce high-tech executives fast enough for that they buy. them, you've got a problem. Knowledge is smart, just data is dumb. How much of what Now you may say, what does that have to do with me? Hey, you have in your organization, your database if you will, is I'm managing the faci lity. That's the people who are managing smart? But the idea of extracting knowledge that empowers the education's problem. ls it? Is it really? Maybe nOL. Mass people LO be successful, empowers students, faculty, and ad­ customization is the next key Lrend. More and more, whether minisLrators to be successful. This may be the real business it's an educational program, a telecom service, or a smart-card you're in. Maybe you're not in the facilities planning and deployable product, the ability to be able to mass customize managing business anymore. Maybe that business, maybe that information on demand is going to be a critical way that value proposition has completely changed. Maybe you're a

18 Januan/1 l'hru,1n (lll)l) I .1<1li11l·, \ l,111.1gn . - knowledge value engineer. Because really what you're doing is going to have very smart, new chip technology His example, managing the knowledge in this space and making it available the first silicon DNA chip, very fast, smart, intuitive technology. through the pipes, the systems, the wires. Maybe you're facing I know you're all Y2K compatible, right? We've got about fundamental changes, and we'll take a look at what some of 200 million PCs on the planet, but we've got 7 billion other those technologies are. non-PC chips. ln your space, all those embedded chips in the Okay, those are the key uprrends. ow I'm going to drill walls that is the biggest problem when it comes to Y2K. Don't down on the specifi c technologies to give you a sense of what focus just on the computer systems. Don't focus just on reme­ and how this is going to change you. The four major forces of diating the data stuff. And I know in terms of the hierarchy, technology that are reshaping our planet include quantum the dean will want X, Y, and Z. Make sure all of the alumni physics, which gave us the principles and paradigms to be are remediated. Take care of that database. And admissions able to build computer chips. If we didn't have the principles and billing systems and all that because that's where the bread of quantum physics, we wouldn't be able Lo build chips in and buuer comes. But if you don't handle this chip problem computers, it's that simple. Quantum mechanics gave us the and go back to the vendors, and you don't handle the variety of new principles and paradigms to be able to build networking problem surrounding that, you won't have an or­ chips. Okay, fi rst force, quantum mechanics. Second major ganization functioning when the clock strikes 12:00:01. force, computers. All of a sudden we now have the principles, Sensors are everyplace. we built a variety of computer And imagine what's going chips. Real fast chips. These to happen here when we've chips are the foundation and got these even half a billion computers are the foundation five gigahertz chips. You're of super LOols to build what? talking about very intuitive What's the third major force? systems, wearable computers Biotechnology. Real simple. with voice activation, forget Again, here's another major about the keyboard, distrib­ take-away. Take away these uted smart systems and three forces, you got it. visible computers that disap­ Biotechnology could not have pear in LO the architecture. But happened, would not have to get a sense of just how far happened without the second out this may go, here is your force: computers. Quantum phone call. Here's what it's mechanics gave us the princi­ going to look like. You're ples to build computers; concerned about the Y2K computers gave us the tools to problem, you go ahead and be able to create biotechnolo­ you call the dean and this is gy. So what the computer's worth in the 20th century, what happens. Visualize this. You're on the other end of the biotechnology will be LO the 21st. I'll show you what it means. phone. "But Dean Whitley, I have a letter from my vendor... " And the fourth force, which will show up more and more Will that dean be impressed or placated? over the next five to eight years, is nanotechnology. Amazing things are being done with virtual reali ty for Nanotechnology, quite simply, before we get to some exam­ meetings, for health care, and for training. But I would say ples of it, is a combination of computers and biotechnology. that everything from embedded knowledge, this is a student Now you may say what do these four fo rces--quantum me­ at MIT who's walking around with an embedded computer. chanics, computers, biotechnology, and nanOLechnology­ All of a sudden, with 40-plus percent of Americans commut­ have to do with me? ing over the next fi ve years, the smart-card ready car, and the These are the four forces that are going to completely re­ car as an information and communication delivery system shape our planets very quickly. ot in four generations, not in will be pan of your menu. Then imagine advanced wireless two generations, in one generation. Why? Because you're all tele-health systerns--every cl inic, hospital, and emergency going to be living longer. So let's go back now that you've got room ti ed to the same Internet system and the same video­ it. You have a change model, you can take the dissector orga­ teleconferencing system. And of course, as we know, we're all nization, and you've got the four forces. Now I'm going to going to have health pins, personal information numbers, as give you the specifics around that. soon as Congress gets to passing that. By 2008, probably beforehand, we'll have a one billion tran­ Is that going LO create a major privacy issue in America? sistor 10 gigahertz chip. Now what does that really mean? The aggregation of all this? On one side of the equation, we're You've got about 200 megahertz on your desk today. But Gor­ networking, connecting everything, right? On the other side, don Moore, who gave me this number, what it means is you're we have not spent as much time consider­ ing the social impact of all this. You think you should be involved in those conversa­ MIDLOTHIAN tions? Are any of you pan of the privacy committee at your institution? Seat of Knowledge . When it comes to curriculum develop­ ment, we're seeing more uses of artificial intelligence and super-smart computers. There is on-demand publishing. A lot of people like to say that the Inter­ net is the future, period. I think it's just part of it, a big pan of it. We're looking at approximately moving toward 200 million people on the Internet. We'll have half of billion on the Internet by the year 2000. Now, you may ask, where is all this going? It's the enabling of digital communi­ ties that will drive the Internet to be in your dorm room, your home, or at office and al­ OUTDOOR SEATI 'G 101. Survey of rn11urally wa1cr-rt-.1stan11cal1 dtrough die age,,, ihc unmaled chorcc for mamienanu-fru, rot-fru and rimdcss lowing you to communicate with people outdoor mwng. with your interests. What people are using OUTDOOR SEATING 102. '1am how coniractors buy ar a "trade" price the Internet for today, particularly the pri­ of $900, and sell al •retail" 10 colleges and universiriesfor $1100 or more. vate intranets, more and more its not just OUTDOOR SEATl G 301. Graduaung seniors only. Ltam to buy the same heavy, permanent. ouidoor database access, managing products and teak searing directly fro m M1dlo1hian for only $499. Ltarn to call for f rte mformauon. services, but particularly it's customer ser­ 1-800-806-1983 Fax 770-671-8 157 www.realteak.com respons ible sustained yield timber vice of some kind. Being able to provide information on demand and more and more of that will be education on demand. We're living in a time of acceleraled com­ i Improving tfniversitJf Services plex change. It will affect you and everything you do. Secure electronic commerce is on its way. Different kinds of information services: tele-health security, home banking, and edu­ efficiency cation, of course. Much of how we get information will change. When I'm talking sand Staffs about the lntemet here, I'm talking about the Internet as a back-end distribution fo r infor­ -psi specializes in process mation and education, that will be accessible improveme We provide finance and facilities improving operations, through personal digital assistants, optimizing kflow steps and costs, telephones, televisions, wearable clothing, and improv ct, . embedded microprocessors in landscapes, elop, measure and improve the basic bus stops, etc. iversity business services - critical processes. Virtual education will be a $100 billion elude: market place. These are pretty big numbers. ✓ Workflow An ysis and Process Improvement If you're not in the conversations of how we ✓ lmplementi g£Qntinuous Process Improvement can address the virtual student and what the ✓ Organizati al Assessment and Optimization ✓ Strategic Pl a nning and Action Plan Development virtual curriculum would look like, you ✓ Development of Standard Operating Procedures should consider gelling into those conversa­ ✓ Malcolm Baldrige Assessment and Planning tions because this will be a major upswing. I would predict probably in less than five to ~ Process & Systems Innov ations-psi ¥' Specialists In University a nd College Business Services Improvement eight years a key revenue driver fo r most For more information please contact us a t : 3576 W oodmoor Drive, successful universities will be their virtual Oxford, Ohio 45056 (513) 523-0808 or www.ps-innovations.com student. But imagine, I'm up in the mountains, in Timbuktu, and I So what's my summary? want to tune into my physics You really have a 21st century course with my professor and I digi tal organization in the also want to have interaction, making now. The question is, I'll be able to do it at 30 frames are you going to take up the per second. With Digital TY, challenge and build it? Rede­ you'll have 70 percent of con­ fine your role in the future. sumers teleshopping. Over a Are you really just in facili­ third of those will be aging ties? O r are you in a la rger baby boomers that want to go conversation? And that larger back to school, but don't want conversation, I think, is to necessarily move from their knowledge value home in Palm Beach or Palm management. Managing Springs or Palm whatever. So knowledge is the new com­ they'll be going to school petitive edge. Providing through their digital TV Over the next 36 months you'll see knowledge value solutions and alliances lo empower your this rolled out. customers. But to manage your virtual customer relation­ Digital cash, the death of money, the new smart-cards--are ships, you've got to have a strategy. you read y? With stored values of ten bucks, hundred bucks, Let me leave you with this thought. The universe is chang­ thousand bucks, microprocessor-based smart-cards will have ing very quickly around you. Bu t if you approach this as an all kinds of memory But then smart-cards will emerge where innovator, as an adapter, and you start to look outside of the you'll combine smart-cards with a digital wallet and have paradigm of your particular space to see whats going on in videoconferencing. the outside and getting a sense of how you can play a greater When you've got robotics, talk about cleaning up the facili­ role in your organization for ushering in the 21st century, I ties. Aren't you tired of cleaning up all those facilities? feel that you wi ll be ready to meet this challenge. I look fo r­ Wouldn't you like to have a smart robotic system? Telerobot­ ward 10 seeing you again in the future. i ics for surgery systems like this are already being deployed right now. Will we have robocops that go into areas we won'l want to send real human beings? Rohot doctors 10 operate on us? Will we finally have robot It All Starts with Money. M&R funding cannot be taken for granted in today's competitive environment. teachers? Definitely. Why? Because we can. Facility managers and those with capital asset responsibi lities must be able to foresee Smaller, faster, cheaper technology. Comput­ future maintenance and repair requirements, and show the impact M&R investment er power doubles every 18 months, and has on the corporate balance sheet. decreases in price by 50 percent. That's why every computer that gets made on Wednes­ A Unique Tool: The MARS Facility Maintenance day, by the time it gets shi pped. its already Cost Forecast System decreased in price by 3 percent. Every day it Focus on M&R investment and the value of your building assets, not on printing sits on the inventory, it decreases by 4 per­ work orders. Forecast facility-wide M&R requirements out 50 years or drill down to cent. We're living in a time of accelerated individual component-level detail. Monitor the value-add of facility managemen t as MARS automatically calculates your backlog and tracks the net asset value of your change. building portfolio. Biotechnology, virtual drugs, and human MARS comes preloaded with the extensive Wh itestone M&R database, including enhancement will be the largest industry in life-cycle task data and costs fo r I 16 metro areas. Use MARS building models or the 21st century. Now who doesn't want to create your own buildings from scratch with our inventory of hundreds of compo­ live an extra 50 years with the vi tality of a nents. Pre-defined MARS reports are copy-ready for your presentations, and 25-year old ? The human genome will be exportable to other WindowsaD applications. mapped over the next five years. We will Let MARS help you get the funding you need. know your unique footprints. Nanotechnol­ ogy, being able lo enhance your health, your Call l-800-210-0137 or visit www.whitestoneresearch.com well being and your longevity, is where today for your free evaluation co py of MARS. we're all going. Longer life spans, and be­ lieve me, the pharmaceutical companies know it. WHITESTONE RESEARCH By Ira Fink, Pli.D., FALA

The Ji rst part of this series appeared in the November/December 1998 issue of Facilities Ma nage,: In the Ji rst article, traditional numerical methods of space projections were examined, some of the fundamental assumptions about space projections were questioned, and the need for a change in metliodology for predicring space needs was presented. The first article also set forth the frameworh for an alternative approach to space project inns based 0 11 a new, straightforward space benchmarking methodology, which is described in this, Lite second of the two-part series.

ne of the primary interests of space management on of Georgia Tech faci lities. (The Georgia Institute of Technolo­ a campus is to create an equitable system of project­ gy is one of the 34 campuses on the University System of 0 ing future space needs and allocation among Georgia. It has an enrollment of 13,000 with approximately academic and administrative units. This article concludes the 30 percent at Masters and Ph.D. level. Tech has 24 separate exami nation of traditional numerical methods and presents academic discipli nes, two-thirds of which are in science or an approach based not on space projections derived from engineering.) fixed space guidelines or standards, but instead on space per As part of a prior master plan at Georgia Tech, one study facu lty member. element was a series of space projections based on national This article also presents results of a unique national space standards, by college. In that study, and with outside consult­ benchmarking study that wac; part of the projection methodol­ ing assistance, the CEFPI formulas were used to determine ogy. The results, covering a range of disciplines, provide data the space needs of each college, to compare them to what on space per faculty memher in ni ne Research I universities. Georgia Tech had, and then project individual college growth The project began at the Georgia Institute of Technology in according to the sta ndards. This effort lead to building foot­ 1995 as a result of a ins titutional change in leadership. There prints for a 1994 master plan and helped to identify whether was a concern that space was inadequate, but this research or not Georgia Tech had enough land to meet its future pro­ rich institution did not have a factual basis LO support this gram needs. However, some of the colleges took issue with concern. The new President, Wayne Clough, inherited this the standards as not re0ect ive of their needs, even though a concern and it became a high priority for the new Senior VP range of space guidelines were used to cover the various for Administration, Bob Thompson, to test this concern. At disciplines. the same time, a related concern was to know the condition Implementing The Benchmarking Process As a result of Georgia Tech's prior experience using "stan­ Ira Finl: is preside 11 t of Ira Finl: and Associates, Inc., dards" to project space, we wanted to test a new space University Planning Consultants, Berkeley, California. projection methodology based on space per fac ulty rather lecturers, adjuncts, and instructors. We also included funded, than space-per-student. To accomplish this goal, we started but vacant, positions. with a series of one-on-one interviews with the deans, direc­ This also resulted in updating the existing Georgia Tech tors, and chairs of each Georgia Tech academic unit, database of 3,900 rooms used for academic purposes, creating including the library, computer center. and interdisciplinary new data fields, and developing a relational database to merge studies, regarding specific space needs of their individual pro­ the room data with data on the 53 academic buildings with grams. Their identified needs could be adjacency related, area departmental data. Among the interesting results was the dis­ related, technically related, program related, code related, as covery that while interdisciplinary faculty belong to a home well as covering any facility aspect of the unit's instruction, department, ten percent of identified academic square footage research and public service mission. at Georgia Tech was in interdisciplinary use. During these interviews, we also asked each of the deans, Reconstructing Space Needs directors, and chairs to identify those institutions with whom While developing the ASF per faculty measure for the their unit at Georgia Tech either compared itself, recruited Georgia Tech academic units, we were simultaneously faculty from, desired to be like, or which had the best facili­ receiving faculty count and academic unit space data from ties, on a department-by-department and college-by-college each benchmark institution. We then mathematically "re­ basis. Altogether departments representing more than 40 in­ constructed" or modeled each comparison campus to stitutions were identified. We arrayed this list by department understand what space they would need if they had Georgia and institutions then narrowed this list, based upon the num­ Tech's mix of faculty and academic units. From this institu­ ber of times deparunents within one institution were tional "rebuilding," we derived a measure we called the identified. This resulted in what we collectively identified as "comparison campus assignable square feet per faculty the eight comparison campuses to be used fo r the member" guideline. This reconstruction, we felt, removed benchmarking space needs projection. any space "bias" or "weighting" due to one institution hav­ Together with represematives from Georgia Tech, we visited ing departments larger or smaller than another. We then each of the eight campuses. We asked if they would share used this measure or guideli ne as a benchmark to compare with us academic appoinunent counts and facility space allot­ existing assignable square feet per faculty member in each of ment data on a detailed unit-by-unit basis, on fo rms we prepared for the purposes of benchmarking. Each of these eight research universities agreed to do so: Carnegie-Mellon Universi­ ty; North Carolina State University; Purdue University; University of California, Berke­ ley; University of Illinois, Charnpaign­ Urbana; University of Michigan; University of Texas, Austin; and Stanford University. Together with Georgia Tech, they make up NOT ALL BOLLARDS ARE CREATED EQUAL the nine Research I institutions whose data is included in this article. In addition, we are now collecting data for a similar bench­ Only Pro-Stop offers all these benefits: marking study fo r the University of • Collapses with standard hydrant wrench. California, Davis which will include data • Raises and lowers effo rtlessly. from the University of California, Irvine; UCLA; University of California, San Diego; • Discourages illegal parking. and University of California, Santa Barbara. • Eliminates hazards caused by chains. While we gathered data from the compar­ • Increases campus security. ative institutions, we needed a current data base to represent accurately the space • Protects pedestrians. assigned to academic units at Georgia Tech. For more information , call today: We updated the Georgia Tech facility data 1-800-BOLLARD base and developed a measure of ASF per (265-5273) faculty by academic un it. We fi rst calculated Prosec, Inc. the number of faculty by department. For 200 Lincoln Ave., Suite 130 purposes of this analysis, we included only Phoeni xville, PA 19460 Tel (610) 933-8399 tenure track faculty, excluding post docs, Website www.prostop.con the academic units at Georgia Tech with this nationwide list square footage per faculty member, is that it will allow a cam­ of peer institution comparable benchmark campuses. (This pus to view quickly the space needs of units it is encouraging process is summarized in Table J .) to grow through its academic planning process by the addi­ tion of faculty positions. The Georgia Tech Provost, Mike RESULTS Thomas, provided a series of faculty growth projections by discipline, to test how much space would be needed as Geor­ Assignable Square Footage per Faculty gia Tech moves forward into the 21st century. Table 2 describes the cumulative results of the benchmark­ ing analysis. Data from all nine institutions, including Georgia Research Space Tech, are included. The first column describes the average Regarding typical university questions on departmental re­ assignable square footage per faculty member by discipline. search space and sponsored research space, we began with the The second column describes the range of values from the premise that faculty are entitled to a basic amount of research institution with the least amount of square foo tage per faculty space. In some instances, the research space is ~vithin the fac­ member to the institution with the highest amount. What is ulty member's offi ce. In otller instances, it requires dedicated important to note and cannot be seen in this table is that laboratory space. Departments may have some faculty who do there was no single institution that was consistently low in all desk research and some who conduct bench research. This disciplines, nor was any single institution consistently the research space need was built into the data base upon which largest in terms of square footage per faculty. tlle ASF per faculty was developed , as an average across all The average ASF per faculty measure itself allows an insti­ faculty. In our benchmarking approach we computed a space tution to have a gauge of allotment per faculty where it stands relative to member, excluding class­ its peer institutions. It room space, based on also allows senior officers space as classified by the of an institution a get a It 1, 1, National Center for Edu­ It cation ( CES) codes 200 quick sense of how much space would be needed to 800, except libraries. should they choose to Thus, the ASF per faculty build a department, en­ includes research space rich an existing activity, or assigned to departments. seek to excel by matching It It It It The total allotment in­ those institutions with cludes office space for comprehensive facilities. faculty and graduate stu­ As Table 2 indicates, dents, research labs, class there is a range of average labs, storage, shops, etc. va lues within each major Using this type of pro­ ,.t discipline block. such as 1, It It jection, a department witl1in engineering or sci­ chair or school dean ence. A research campus, could, within their space for example, that wants to increase faculty in the area of allotment, provide space as they saw fit for new research pro­ chemistry or biochemistry should not be surprised to find grams and reduce space from research programs whose that the cumulative impact of adding a new fa culty member funding had declined substantially, or in which the principal would result in the need to provide 3,000 or more assignable investigators had moved on to other activities. square feet. This is the average of all nine benchmark institu­ Findings tions in chemistry and biochemistry, wi th a range from a low In a few cases, we found some Georgia Tech academic units of about 1,500 assignable square feet to a high of nearly 5,000 which were slightly larger than our national comparison insti­ assignable square feet per fa culty. At tlle same time, if a cam­ tutions. At tlle other end of the scale, we found the College of pus were to add faculty to tlle economics department, the Computing and the College of Science to be short on space. average ASF per faculty member at a Research I university, We have proposed , and Georgia Tech has now accepted , a based on this analysis, would be approximately 600 ASF, with series of space projections on a college-by-college basis that a range from 400 to nearly 1,100 ASF per faculty. should carry Georgia Tech well into the next century. These Projections Model project.i ons include providing additional space to Georgia We used this data as input to build a space allocation and Tech units to allow them to match their comparison institu­ space projections model for Georgia Tech. The benefit of this tions, providing additional space to enhance their academic macro model, which describes space needs on an assignable programs, allocating space to increase enrollments, and

14 _ ._..,..-..-..;.. J.11111.tn / l ehrn.1n ) l)l)l) I ,H 11111,·, \ l.111.1ge1 Table 1 STEP BY STEP BENCHMARKING METHODOLOGY 1. Identify Selected Institutions: Identify comparable peer institutions for the benchmark program analysis. 2. Identify and List Standards: For each of the selected institutions, and to the extent that comparative facility and space documentation is available, identify and list the types of space standards and utilization standards that may currently be in place at the institution, including a discussion as to whether or not the standard as listed is actually being applied. 3. Qualitative Assessment: In addition to the above quantitative assessment, arrange site visits to the comparative benchmark institutions. One purpose of the site visits is to provide a first hand review of facility changes, facility concepts, and facility directions at these institutions. 4. Benchmark Questionnaire: In addition to the site visits, prepare a questionnaire to distribute to each of the benchmark institutions. The questionnaire would elicit data from each institution on faculty counts and square footage assignment by unit or department. 5. Benchmark Analysis: Tabulate the data to create the benchmark measures of assignable square footage per faculty member.

Table 2 ASSIGNABLE SQUARE FOOTAGE (ASF} PER FACULTY AT COMPARATIVE RESEARCH I UNIVERSITIES

Research I Universities ~ Low To High Range Discipline/Department ASF Per Faculty Member ASF Per Faculty Member

Architecture and City Planning Architecture 1,950 1,350 - 3,000 City Planning 660 630 - 700

Computer Science Computer Science 1,620 870 - 2,020

Engineering Aerospace Engineering 1,930 1,600 - 3,160 Chemical Engineeing 2,820 1,660 - 3,280 Civil/Environmental Engineering 2,280 1,510 - 4,330 Electrical Engineering 1,590 1,150 - 2,900 Industrial Systems Engineering 1,080 670 - 1,390 Materials Science Engineering 2,060 1,240 - 3,000 Mechanical Engineering 2,160 1,290 - 3,040

Science Biology 2,720 1,530 - 4,700 Chemistry/Biochemistry 3,020 1,560 - 4,960 Earth/Atmospheric Science 1,750 890 - 3,480 Health/Performance Science 2,160 670 - 3,460 Mathematics 510 260 - 920 Physics 1,820 1,260 - 2,810 Psychology 1,300 680 - 1,900

Liberal Studies Economics 620 410 - 1,080 English/Literature 360 180 - 670 History 290 170 - 650 Management 930 290 - 1,520 Modern Language 410 240 - 650 Public Policy 570 210 - 800

All numbers rounded to the nearest ten square feet Source: Ira Fink and Associates, Inc., University Planning Consultants, Berkeley, California increasing space to achieve excellence. Each of these needs Lessons Learned will add faculty and thus square footage. Georgia Tech is now We learned a number of lessons by conducting this space in the process of seeking funding for these capital needs. A benchmarking survey and applying it. First, to be useful, the new master plan at Tech incorporates the projected space as process requires good institutional information, both in building blocks. terms of space data and faculty counts. Using the National What was of most importance to us was that this process Center for Education Statistics coding system for rooms pro­ and the resulting product were embraced by Georgia Tech as a vided us with assurance that we were conducting an apples workable method to solve their thorny space issues. (In addi­ to apples comparison, across this national range of universi­ tion to the programmatically driven space analysis, a facilities ties. Second, we have coined a new use for the tenn "hard" condition assessment was simultaneously completed for data. This does not mean that the information is irrefutable, Georgia Tech by the lSES Corporation and the cost of contin­ but rather that it can be damn hard to get. uing to use a building or to renovate it was factored into our Third, we acknowledge that there is an opportunity for space allocation process.) error in this type of analysis. We relied on the generosity of the institutions that provided the data to supply accurate information and we believe they did, although there is no mechanism to verify this. At one institu­ tion, the data provided for one discipline seemed out of balance in comparison with others. We reviewed this with the institu­ tion and indeed they had made an error that was highlighted by the comparison data. (We should point out that we knew facilities' staff at all these institutions, thus our requests did not come from out of the blue and the institutions were willing par­ ticipants.) Fourth, space data at individual institu­ tions are constantly changing. This type of activity is a snapshot, and there are institu­ tions in the group that are adding more space and those who are not. Thus, using the data averaged across institutions pro­ vides a useful benchmark. Fifth, the data we used in this project are from a selected group of research institu­ tions with which Georgia Tech wanted to compare itself. This eliminated the concern Improving 1_0ffrestima#ngprotx,ss... of including institutions that were not op­ builllngsolld~ budgets.. . erating at the level of Georgia Tech or did bencbtnaddng/Jti,forma,ice... developing not have a similarly important research newp,stmg solutions ... ;ana/plng building mission. Sixth, this database provides a good first proil(Jcls' lnstalledcosts. estimate. It is helpful in projecung how large a unit needs to be when conducting To gMa 118-"'_pcerspecttve on )'ODf unique~ and master planning. When engaged in project­ fad1ldes ~ or to request ourDl'OChure, call: ing the specific needs for a new building or renovation, the data provide some outside ~ guidance, but the specific building programming activity needs Lo be based upon specific design data for offi ces, labo­ ratories, teaching spaces, etc. required for the particular program. lnouJJloUJjbr Notdl AltltJtlcil" Lastly, and most importantly, space data based upon total departmental l'n1 missing elevation drawings of an or discipline use and faculty count is existing building. Is there any way to easier to obtain and easier to use get accurate drawings without spend­ than that based upon enrollments. Q ing a fortune? Students take courses across depart­ ments and disciplines, as part of graduation requirements, as part of Yes! Use Digital Documentation. major requirements, and as part of A new service for architects who need accurate eleva­ service courses. faculty. by contrast tion drawings in a CAD format. In less time than con­ and with relatively few exceptions, ventio nal m easuring m ethods, this digital technology A uses 35mm cam eras and Swiss software to deliver are within one home department. high-quality as-built drawings. Our work was a fa irly straightfor­ ward field research activity. The results provided the ability to have one institution directly compare itself to others and to allow that institution to choose at what level it wishes to be in terms of availabili ty of space.

The Future What does the future hold? Will Gonug;, High School Waslungton. D.C. this methodology work everywhere? We believe it will. Will others fo llow Fast. Accurate. Economical. suit? Hopefully. To do a benchmark­ 2 1.:3 North Augusta Street • Staunton. Virginia 244-01 ing study takes time and work. lt F R AZ I E R 800.567.0367 • e-mail [email protected] takes cooperation. It challenges the ASSO C IATES For m ore inform ation , please contact Peter Aaslestad status quo. The real need is to create a national database. National Space Benchmarking Project Custom coils and short In addition to the data we have lead times? No problem! from the institutions involved in our past and current benchmark srndies, APPLICATIONS we have now received commitments ■ Fluid (cooling/heating) ■ Cleanable from 20 other community colleges, ■ Steam ■ DX ■ Condensers ■ Hot colleges, universities, and medical Oil ■ Brines ■ Ammonia centers nationally to share with us their space and faculty data. We are movi ng forward and creating a na­ SERVICES tional space benchmark database. ■ Complete Product Line ■ Custom Our goal is to create a database for Built and Made to Fit ■ Computerized use in comparing and projecting the Coil Selection ■ Local Representation requirements of assignable square ■ Field Measurement ■ Industry's foo tage per faculty by discipline, Shortest Lead Time (Standard 11-15 across an identifiable range of col­ leges and universities. Campuses days with 10, 5 and 2 day available) who are interested in participating in ■ Application Solutions the National Space Benchmarking Project can contact me at Ira Fink HEATCRAFT and Associates, Inc., in Berkeley, Cal­ ifornia at 510-843-1900. i Commercial Products P.O. Box 1457 / 1000 Healcraft Dnve / Grenada, MS 38902-1457 / Telephone 1·800-225-4328 Fax 601-229-4212 / e-mail [email protected]

J.11111.,n/l dn11.1n ll)l)lJ I ,tltlll tl'., \l,111.,gn ___ --~c.,,,-,,...,.....-'"""=='C=-- 27 FACILITY CONDITION ANALYSIS • elevator engmeenng • mfrastructure- utility analysis • energy systems t1•a/uat1on and design • powu plant coge11eratio11 analysis • operations and maintenance analysis • construction management • deferred maintenance/ cavita/ renewal 111a11agement • security analysis • facility cond1t1011 analysis • elt1·ator engineeri11g • infrastructure utility analysis • e11ergy systems: evaluation and des1g11 • pou·er plant cogeneration analysis • operatrom and maintenance a11alysis • construction 111anage111e11t • deferred 111a111tena11 · ...•wal 111anage111e11t • security analysis • facility condition analysis • ,/ant- cogeneration analysis • facility co11dit1011 • operations elevator engineenng • nt. cogeneration analysis • nalys,s • facility co11dit1on analysis • elt1•ator engineer ation analysis • operations and maintenance analysis • facility condition analysis • e/evdtor e11gi11eering • i11frai operations and 111ai11tenance analysis • construction ma, • tlt1>ator engrneen11g • infrastructure. utility an • operations and ma111tena11ce analysis • con engmeering • 111/rastructure 111s a11d maintenance analysis • co11structio11 management , • elt1·ator engineem,g • mfrastructure: utility a11a/ys1 mce a11a/ys1s • co11struC11on management • mg • infrastructure. utility analysis • rnd maintenance analysis • e11gi11eenng • i11frastructure utility analysis • energy sy • a111struct1011 management • deferred 111a111tena11ce I ca~ utility analysis • energy systems t1•aluat1011 • co11structio11 ma11age111ent • deferred mai infrastructure utility a11alys1s • energy systems deferred ma1ntena11ce capitc evaluatio11 a

lllCt analysis • construction management • deferred m, • elevator t11g111ur111g • infrastructure utility analys1 111ce a11alys1s • construction ma11age111ent • deferred ma111te11a11ce ' capital renewal management • secunty analysis • facility condition analysis • elevator mgi11eeri11g • infrastructure utility analysis • energy systems: emluat,on and design • power p/a11t: cogeneration analysis • operations a11d 111ai11te11ance analysis • co11struct1on management • You AND ISES ... PARTNERING FOR A HIGHER SrANDARD. ~ ISES CORPORATION 2165 West Park Court / Suite N / Stone Mountain, GA 30087 / Telephone: (770) 879•7376 / Fax: (770) 879-7825 / http://www.laescorp.com By William A. Daigneau A Research Agenda for APPA

at a dilemma! Sandwiched between the faculty In the late 1970s, faci li ties managers became alarmed over the deteriorating condition of campus facilities. In his seminal nd students who rely upon them to provide the piece entitled Cnrmbling Academe, Harvey Kaiser openly ques­ W: est possible environment for learning, and the chief business officer whose mission is to balance limited rev­ tioned higher education's practice of balancing the books by under-investing in capital assets. Yet while the prescription to enues with ever increasing expenses, facilities managers loyalties have been severely tested. On the one hand the high­ address this problem was self-evident (provide more funds for plant), its actual execution was nonetheless elusive. While er education faci li ties executive intimately understands the critical importance of modem, well-designed and operated some gains have been made over the past two decades, the problem still remains for many colleges and universities. This facilities to a quality educational experience. On the other, as has led some facilities managers to the conclusion that a fun­ responsible captains for a major expense line in every college damental reexamination of higher education's administrative or university's capital and operating budget, facilities managers have been challenged to continually reduce expen­ practice and decision-making structure is needed. Somehow the daily needs of students and faculty must be better inte­ ditures in order to free resources to support growing expenses in other areas such as student services, new technologies, or grated with the longer-term issues of providing the space needed to conduct the educational process. regulatory compliance. With the encouragement of Gary Reynolds, APPA's vice president for educational programs, an effort was initiated to find ways to gather the information and tools necessary to Bill Daigneau is associate vice president and cliieff acilities help APPA and its members assume a more effective leader­ officer at the University of Texas M.D . Anderson Cancer ship role in higher education. Led by Doug Christensen of Center, Hous ton, Texas. His article, "Product Based Brigham Young University and myself, APPA's Task Force on Management," received APPA's Rex Dillow Award for Leadership Programs undertook a work session in April J997 O,ttstanding Article hi 1998. to explore the future of higher education and the leadership

],11111,11\/1 chrn,11, Jl)l)l) I .u1h11t·, \lan.,ger --= --::::::-_....""--=::::"::=;:;: 2ll role that facilities managers should play in that future. A The question then arose as to research what? To address group of senior facilities managers, higher education adminis­ this question, the Task Force once again convened a work traLOrs, and industry representatives met and identified group. Composed of representatives from higher education several driving forces that would most likely shape higher ed­ and industry, and supported by a generous grant from Nalco ucation's future. The product of that work session was Chemical Company, the work group spent two days in Chica­ detailed in a September/October L997 article in Facilities go addressing the fo llowing fundamental questions: Manager magazine, uThe Future of Facilities Management." • What infonnation might help higher education prepare The major driving forces the group identified were: for the impact the above forces might have over the next • Information Technology. This single issue may dramati­ decade? cally impact higher education in ways yet unimagined • What knowledge would help us improve facilities man­ and unexpected. agement practices? • Resource Scarcity. Higher education will continue to • Which management tools or techniques, if available, compete for resource allocation amongst a host of societal would materially improve the ability of higher education needs and wants. to better manage or prepare their institutions for the fu­ • Societal Changes. The growing diversity of national and ture, as it pertains to capital assets. world populations will place new demands on who and In an effort to address these questions, the work group de­ what we teach. veloped a more specific list of problems or issues. This list of • Role of Government. Increasing oversight and involve­ problems/issues forms the potential research agenda fo r APPA ment of government (federal, state and local) will steer over the coming years. This was the primary product from the higher education to address the above- mentioned Chicago meeting. changes in society. In total, the work group developed a list of 20 potential • Environmental Issues. The need to extract more benefits research topics. For each topic (all of them posed in the form with less waste and damage to our earthly envi ronment of a question) the group defined the objective of gaining more will continue to grow in importance. knowledge or information in this area, and the hoped for re­ The ALlanta work ses..c;ion also identified various areas in sult if that information did become available. These topics which facilities managers themselves must become were then prioritized on their degree of importance (in the knowledgeable if they arc to provide critical leadership for view of the workshop participants) to higher education and higher education in the future. These issues included facilities managers. The group worked both enthusiastically improved knowledge and skills in Information Technology, and tirelessly. One could sense the growing urgency amongst Operational Effectiveness, Strategic Planning, Partnering, and the members as they discussed and debated the implications Asset Management. In addition, facil ities managers of the fu­ of the various topics. As in Atlanta, I was impressed "vith the ture must have executive level skills in order to function well power of a diverse group of educated and informed profes­ as a member of an institution's executive team. sionals to grasp and then tackle very complex issues, given This led to a very profound but troublesome realization. the proper conditions and tools. While APPAs programs of the past had prepared faci lities Space does not permit us to print the entire list of research managerc; to function well in their traditional supportive role, topics developed by the group. A brief sampling of some of APPA was not well equi pped to help its members rise to a them, however, will give you an idea of the types of topics the new level, that of leadership within higher education. Chicago group felt worthy of further research. The Task Force subsequently determined that a new, three­ Under the category of Information Technology, the follow­ prong initiative was needed. Fi rst, it proposed a revamping of ing question was posed: APPAs programs in Executive Development and Facilities Fi­ How do we integrate information technology with the nance into a three-session institute structure teaching skills in facilities infrastructure? Personal, Organizational, and Professional Leadership. Sec­ Several years ago, many of us installed telephone switches ond, it suggested development of a Fellows program to that were capable of handling data as well as voice. Before we encourage and recognize facilities management leaders. And could get the final equipment inspections completed, we third, it determined that APPA must undertake the discovery found ourselves laying broadband cable and fiber optics and evaluation of new information that would lead to alongside the phone cable we had just installed. \Vhy? Infor­ improved higher education management practices, particular­ mation Technology is fundamentally altering its platfom1 ly as they pertained to capital assets. This latter element, one every five to seven years, much faster than we can build or of researching new information methods, was vital to provide change the infrastructure to support it. How do we anticipate facilities managers, and higher education with the informa­ such change in the built environment? What should we being tion needed for innovative and improved decision-making doing today to better respond to a technology that may radi­ and management. cally reshape the face of higher education? Can we avoid the terrible costs of major mistakes, like the money we paid for

30 ____ :..--=-:;;-:-:::=-:-:--~=:c:-- Januaq/1 chru.1n l

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Uoforrunacely, the rest of Johnson Controls. Your Like performance con- cenaoce issues is all wet. the students won't be campus environment is a tracting, where im- J~HNSON quite as understanding. major recruiting cool. provemencs in comfort, CONTmLS

Continued from page 34

Board of Directors Lhe development of a more detailed proposal for the creation of Lhe Fellows program. In addition, final preparation for the third leg of the Leader­ s hip Institute, the one dealing with professional development, is underway wiLh the University of Maryland. Further details of Lhe research program are now under discussion by the Task Force. All members of APPA are encouraged to share their ideas and suggestions with APPAs officers, Doug Christensen , or my­ self. We all recognize that the first cornerstone of Leadership is to have the will and the ability to lead. Through the three newly designed leadership institute sessions, APPA is attempting to equip facilities managers with the skills needed to lead. But the second cornerstone, that of research, is the area Lhat requires major work and must be the focus of our next efforts. The underlying importance of Research is the need for any profession to constantly improve itself through inno­ vation. Innovation itself is spurred by knowledge. And knowledge is derived from systematic investigation into the fundamental workings of a system, in our case, higher education and facilities management. The fundamental method of such investigation is research. Therefore, if we are to truly lead, we must do more to foster research, which hopefully will pro­ vide the knowledge on which future innovation and improvement will be based. That is the key no t only to the future of higher education, but to our futures as well. i.

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>h j,111u,11, /I dn u,11, I l)l)l) I ,Ill hill·~ \l,111,1gn The Road to Cincinnati is Your Route to Success!

oin hundreds of your coUeagues and peers &om across the globe at the Cincinnati Convention Center for the APPA 1999 Educational J Conference and 86th Annual Meeting. Chief Educational Facilities Officers will gather to discuss the impact of the changes facing our industry in the new millennium and share ideas on developing working strategies to deal with these changes.

New Format! New Sessions! the conference ends. Ask questions and Don't just talk about change - experience hear a variety of viewpoints expressed in it! The APPA Education Comminee has these fac ili tated discussions. This year's put together a new format for the annual lab copies are "Organizational Change" Facilitating conference that you are sure to enjoy. We and "The Learning Environment." Learning in a have selected dozens of informative sessions on the hot issues vital to upper-level Convergence sessions: facilities administrators. We're also intro­ .... Insightful sessions offer Changing ducing greater interactivity through panel issues and perspectives ro discussions and workshops and at the end contemplate and help keep you World: of each day, conference-goers will reunite motivated. Held on Sunday and Tuesday for Convergence Sessions to provide afternoons, to cap the conference day in APPA's 1999 motivation and inspiration. a unique way. Annual Meeting Multiple Benefits for You Sunday's convergence session is a discus­ 20-22 June 1999 Attending the APPA Educational sion by George B. Wright, President of Conference is a solid in vestment in your the George B. Wright Company, citied Cincinnati, Ohio future. Many nerworking events offering "Raising it Up a Notch through People." opportunities ro share ideas and knowledge, This entertaining and motivating calk a large exhibit hall filled with the latest focuses on building positive relationships in produces and services and more than with your staff and departments. Tuesday's 30 educational sessions conducted by top session features Edward Cornelius, a speakers make this the one conference dynamic leader who helps organizations you won't want to miss. li ke Eveready, Sunoco, Monsanto, and others create high performance work Expand Your Mind environments. One highlight is certain to be Privatization: Conspiracy or Collaboration, an open Keynote debate examining the pros and cons of Prepare to be inspired by keynote speaker outsourcing. Gain new perspectives and Michael Gelb, at Sunday's 8 a.m. breakfast insights into chis perplexing issue, and get session. Author of How to Think Like a better idea of how to manage outsourcing Leonardo Da Vinci, Mind Mapping, and on your campus. several ocher books on creative chinking, Mr. Gelb is a recognized pioneer in the Collaborative Learning Labs: fields of creative thinking, communication, ..._ Interactive panel sessions/work- and leadership development. Using \ shops designed to provide you Leonardo's life, Mr. Gelb provides examples with real-life workable strategies and of qualities chat we can develop ro make a solutions that you can put to work when real difference in our own lives. Expand Your Professional Network In addition co high quality educational sessions, APPA offers a variety of ocher activities co network with your coll eagues in a relaxed, fun serring.

Welcome Party Moonlight Riverboat Dinner Make plans co attend the Cruise, Cruisin' for A Great opening reception, on Cause On Monday night enjoy a leisurely Saturday evening, 19 ~ # June 1999, generously cruise down the Onio River, featuring sponsored by Johnson ~ • a buffer dinner and lovely views of the C incinnati skyline. Have a great rime Controls [nc. T his ~ fun, casual event is ~ , fo r a great cause the official "kick - $5.00 of your off" of the conference, ticker fee will be so be sure to bring the donated co The whole family. Renew Make-A-Wish acquaintances and make new Foundation. friends while you enjoy del icious appetizers, drinks, Monday Evening Reception and entercainment. Join us fo r refreshments and network­ ing in the exhibit hall as you wind up 3rd Annual TMA SK Fun your conference day. Run/Walk Don't miss chis annual event! T-shirts, Banquet medals for the kids, and lots of fun Enjoy fine dining for everyone is guaranteed! Scop by and great enter­ rhe TMA booth in rhe exhibit hal l tainment at the for your registration form. conference finale event, the annual Exhibit Hall Home Run banquer. Grand Opening Score a home This year's banquet speaker is Les run at the offi­ Brown, renowned public speaker, tele­ cial grand open­ vision personality, and author of Live ing of rhe exhibit Your Dreams and the newly published, hall on Sunday, 20 June It's Not Over Until You Win. You are 1999. Win prizes and enjoy grand slam sure to enjoy chis special evening at the refreshments wi th a baseball theme APPA conference as you gather with while you visit our expanded exhibit friends and colleagues ...so be sure to hal l and Learning Resource Center. attend!

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Exhibit Hall & Learning Resource Center

More than a trade show, the APPA co help you do your job more effi­ Exhibit H all and Learning Resource ciently and effectively. The APPA Center is an integral pare of the confer­ Exhibit Hall and Learning Resource ence experience. Visit our corporate Center also feacures on-site demons­ business partners co learn about the trations, educational presentations, newest produces and services available games, food, and giveaways. 5 Cincinnati ... More Than Just Chili!

incinnati is an intriguing, cosmopol­ tennis, jogging and hiking trails in more Citan ciry, offering a perfect blend of than 16 parks throughout rhe area. For European charm and Ameri can excite­ thrill seekers, Paramount's Kings Island ment. This diversiry makes Greater offers hearr-scopping rides like "The Cincinnati one of the U .S.'s most Oucer Limits," the "Beast," and the unique and popular cities co visit. "Vortex." Another sightseeing muse is the C incinnati Zoo, rared by Newsweek The distinctive overhead pedestrian magazine as rhe world's "sexiest" zoo. See skywalk system interconnects che rare black Sumatran and Indian rhinos, downtown area, making it easy to visit Kom odo dragons, lowland gorillas, rhe ciry's many restaurants, hotels, white Bengal tigers and many ocher museums, major department scores, and endangered ? a wide array of shops and boutiques. species nor found in A walking rour of downcown C incinnati ocher wos. is rhe best way to appreciate the diverse architecture, outdoor sculptures, and As you can see, C incinnati offers some­ parks char create an ambiance nor thing for everyone and for all ages, so found in most major cities. make plans co arrive early and enjoy some of ch e sightseeing and highlights C incinnati offers activities and attrac­ char C incinnati is famous fo r. tions co suit every caste and age. Mt. Adams and Eden Park offer beautiful You'll want to enjoy APPA's educational scenic views of the Ohio River and the sessions and exhibit hall chat is being Cincinnati skyline. Water enchusiascs conveniencly held at che C incinnati can cake a sightseeing riverboat cruise Convention Center, in rhe heart of or rent a canoe. Major league spores fan s downtown. APPA hotels are che Omni Aock to Cinergy Field to see rhe popular Netherland and the C rowne Plaza C incinnati Reds baseball ream, River C incinnati. Downs for thoroughbred horse racing, and Kings We're worki ng hard to make sure char Island Golf Center for this year's annual meeting will be ch e championship go lfing designed ')_rr_ best one yer! Seay up ro dare with new by Jack N icklaus. -v.tA_ developments on APPA's website http://www.appa.org and watch your The Hamilton Counry Park system mail fo r rhe Preliminary Pcogram and also has somethi ng for everyone: golf, registration macerials ...co ming in March.

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By Dr. Sam L. Polk Sr.

ocusing on APPA's vision, Global Partner in Learning, members. During my tenure in APPA , I've become more and and one or its strategic objectives to become the "As­ more concerned that little effort has been directed toward Fsociation of Choice" is certainly one of visionary and the participation of Historically Black Colleges and Universi­ commonly shared goals by APPA leaders and members. I am ties (HBCUs). Currently, 3 1 out of 119 HBCUs hold cognitive of the focus concerning the planning which leads membership in APPA, whose total institutional membership LO this position. Through careful evaluation of strengths, consists of about 1,450 institutions . The fourth and fifth ob­ weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, this position is jectives stated previously provide an excellent opportunity deemed to be of critical importance. to take a serious look at the present status and actively seek Specifically, these objectives are: the participation of historically black institutions. 1. To increase the effectiveness of education of APPA The Research Problem stakeholders. The purpose or this study was Lo evaluate HBCUs' partici­ 2. To forge stronger links between the regions and APPA. pation in the international association of APPA and its 3. To enhance the use and services of APPANet to ensure regional associations. To accomplish this purpose, answers its growth as a major resource for members. to the fo llowing were sought: 4. To promote awareness of APPA among senior officers of 1. Current membership and perceived value of member­ the institutions served by facilities management per­ ship. sonnel. 2. Former membership and perceived value of member­ 5. To establish a process through which stakeholders' ship and reason for d iscontinuation of membership. needs can be identified and understood. 3. Future m embership and incentives for membership I agree wilh Doug Christensen, APPA's 1996 President, consideration. that all of these objectives can increase the value of APPA and provide programs and services that are of value to our Research Method This descriptive study used the ex post facto method to investigate possible cause/effect relationships by observing Sam Polk is director offaciliti es 111a11age111e11t and associate some existing consequences and searching back through the professor of tedmology at Tennessee State University, data for plausible causal factors. Additionally, the researcher Memphis, Tennessee. He also serves as second vice president of APPA's Southeasten, Region. Conti nued on page 43

Janu.ir}/1 dn11,1n f l)l)l) I anlilll''i \lanagcr ~-~ ---==~=--=:::::=::::=:==:=:= -f I D U R A BL E • LI GHT WE I GHT Folding Tables & Chairs

lurdy Polypropylene Chairs High trength AB Tabletop - 1 ' & 30' Wide and 60' & 72 " Round Plywood Tables also available SCourt M anufacturing CALL FOR FREE CHAIR SAMPLE & I NFO RMATIO 1-800-333-2687 1001 North 3rd /reel Fort mill,. AR 72901 FAX 501-7, 3- ":'60 Continued from page 41 The number of subjects by region part.icipating in the wanted the systematic empirical inquiry to be verified for study are graphically s hown on not having direct control o f variables. In this regard, infer­ Results and Discussion ence about data could be made without direct intervent.ion. Research question number one requested information o n Basically an inherent weakness o f this method is the lack of current membership and perceived value of membership. control of variables and the researcher must take things as The summary of this data is s hown in Tables 1 and 2. As they are and try to disentangle them. observed in Table l , 69 percen t of HBCUs responding cur­ To gather data addressing the questions listed in the re­ rently hold membership in APPA and 33 percent regional search problem , a s urvey instrument was designed (see associations and are four-year public and private institutions Appendix 2). This survey required responses based on with 1,000 - 20,000 FTEs. Of these institutio ns, 58 percent unique and specifi c questions and concerns o f HBCUs. are very knowledgeable o f APPA, 26 percent are somewhat The survey was conducted du ring the mon ths of February knowledgeable, and a relatively large L6 percent has no and March 1998, with an initial mailing and a fo llowup knowledge of APPA. Considering the percentage of "past,tt mailing over a 45-day period. There was a relative small "never,tt and "not sure" membership in APPA and regional (21%) survey return. Contributing was a s urprising "no re­ associations s uggests that this could afford an opportunity sponse" from the Midwest and Pacifi c Coast regions, the for recruitmen t. Addi, ionally, the number of years HBCUs percentage o f returns for the Eastern region was 28 percent, are holding members (especially ten plus years) is an indica­ the Southeastern region was 23 percent, the Central region tion that these current institutions could also be an was 26 percen t. The Rocky Mountain and Australasia instrument for recmilment. regions have no state HBCU institut.ions. Consis tent membership is contingent on participation at Subject annual conferences and value of services rendered. The re­ The population sample for this s tudy cons isted of the sult o f this data is s hown on Table 2. Au endance at both U.S.'s 119 historically black colleges and universities. Thiny­ APPA and regional annual conferences appears consistent. one presently ho ld members hip in APPA, 75 do no t hold The high percentage of "no attendance" s hould be of great membership in APPA, and 13 represen t other equal opportu­ concern. Institutions should be encouraged to send repre­ nity educational colleges and u niversities no t ho lding sentatives to conferences which afford perhaps the best membership in APPA. The total dis tribution o f HBCU by showcase for showing and selling our story. Equally, while state and regions are listed in Appendix l. the opinion of APPA and regional services is reasonably good for those who attend, FIGURE 1 the percentage of no opin­ Numbers of HBCUs in APPA regions and number of survey responses io n is directly related to lack of attendance at the annual conferences. The success of any pro­ fessional organization is the satisfaction o f current

80 members; the neglect or

70 dis regard for past members could lead to destruction. 60 Equall y, giving potential 50 members inadequate auen­ 40 tion certainly affect growth 30 and longevity. One hun­ 20 d red nineteen I-IBCU 10 institutions represent a 70 large and s ignificant group, Eastern Midwest Southeast Central Rocky Mins Pacific Coast Australasia and 26 percent current REGIONS APPA membership should ■ HBCU's in sample □ Survey Response be considered unaccept­ able. We can and must do more to right this inequity. Figure 1. There were 14 HBCUs in die Eastern region, 8 in the Midwest, 80 in die Southeast, 15 in Research question num­ die C£ntral, none in the Rocky Mountains, 2 in the Pacific Coast, and none in the Australasia ber two requested region. Figure 1 also sl1ows a breakdow,1 of die number of HBCV responses to the survey. TABLE 1 HBCU BACKGROUND INFORMATION

CURRENT PAST NEVER NOT SURE

MEMBERSHIP IN APPA 69 13 10 8

M EM BERSHIP IN REGIONAL {APPA) 33 32 30

VERY SOMEWHAT NONE KNOWLEDGE O F APPA 58 26 16

PUBLIC-4 YR. PRIVATE- 6 YR. INSTITUTION D ESIGNATION 87 13

1,000 • 1,999 2,000 · 2,999 3,000 · 4,999 5,000 · 11,999 20,000+ SIZE OF INSTITUTION 13 17 25 36 9

2-S YRS. S-10 YRS. 10+ YRS. NONE NO. OF YEARS IN APPA 28 17 38 17

NO. OF YEARS ON REGIONAL 1-2 YRS. 2-5 YRS. 5-10 YRS. 10+ YRS. NONE (APPA) 16 19 4 28 33 informa Li on on former membership, perceived value of common to HBCUs. The response cenainly suggests Lhat a membership, and the reason for discontinuation of member­ more direct and renewed emphasis is needed to address this ship. The summary of this data is found on Tables 3 and 4. concern. Additionally, t.he responses regarding the discontinu­ Formal members had a reasonably positive opinion of APPA ation of membership is shown in Table 4. Lack of funding and and regional services as indicated by the excell ent to good loss of key leadership does not appear to be of major concern rating. The question was, "Why did they end their member­ as was assumed by Lhe writer. However, 28 percent noted a ship?" To answer this question, respondents were asked lack of support from their administration and being dissaLis­ what effect did the number of blacks holding offi ces, serving fied with APPA services. on committees, attending conferences, and discussing rele­ Research question number 3 requested information on fu­ vant and unique HBCU issues influence their ture membership and incentives for membership non-continuaLion of membership? consideration. The result of this data is shown on Table 5. Referring Lo question numbers 1 through 4 in Table 3, it From Lhe data shown on Tables 1-4 and subsequent discus­ can be observed that 53 percent felt that blacks as officers sion, a more compelling need to give HBCUs membership and committee members had little effect on their member­ more diligent attention is indicated in Table 5. IL can be ship. Question number 2 indicates that the attendance at observed that the receipt of information has a high (75%) conference had a 78 percent greai/little effect. QuesLion e ITect on membership. Such infonnation could assist in deter­ numbers 3 and 4 show a high concern for relevant discus­ mining the value of membership is indicated by the 56 sion of unique HBCU issues. percent. About 50 percent of HBCUs would be interested in We can summarize that facility issues have no insLituLional trial membership. distinction, but there are some unique issues perhaps only

TABLE 2 PARTICIPATION IN APPA & OPINION OF SERVICES

YEARLY OCCASIONALLY NEVER NO KNOWLEDGE

APPA CONFERENCE 15 49 36 - REGIONAL CONFERENCES 18 24 58 -

EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR NO KNOWLEDGE OPINIO N OF APPA SERVICES 44 30 3 23

O PINION OF REGIONAL (APPA) SERVICES 17 40 - 43 TABLE 3 FORMAL MEMBERSHIP

RESEARCH QUESTIONS EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR NO KNOWLEDGE

OPINION OF APPA SERVICES 39% 30% 4% 27%

OPINION OF RREG IONAL SERVICES 8% 37% 4% S1%

WHAT EFFECT DID TI-IE FOLLOWING HAVE ON YOUR INSTITUTION'S MEMBERSHIP?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS (1-4) GREAT LITTLE NO NO EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT KNOWLEDGE

1. DISPROPORTIONATE NUMBER OF BLACK OFFICERS & COMMITTEE MEMBERS 16% 37% 47% -

2. DISPROPORTIONATE NUMBER OF BLACKS AT ANNUAL CONFERENCE 10% 68% 22% -

3. LACK OF RELEVANT INFORMATION 28% 2S% 47% -

4. NO DISCUSSION OF UNIQUE HBCU ISSUES 23% 44% 33% -

TABLE 4 REASON FOR DISCONTINUATION OF MEMBERSHIP

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AGREE DISAGREE NOT SURE

LACK OF FUNDING 4% 11% 8S%

LOSS OF KEY LEADERSHIP 4% 44% S2%

LACK OF ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT 28% 11% 61 %

DISSATISFIED WITH APPA SERVICES 28% 44% 28%

TABLES WHAT EFFECT WIU. THE FOLL.OWING HAVE ON YOUR INSTITUTION'S MEMBERSHIP IN APPA?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS GREAT LITTLE NO EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT

RECEIVE BElTER INFORMATION 7S% 20% S%

DETERMINE VALUE S6% 39% S%

TRIAL M EMBERSHIP SO% SO% - WHAT EFFECT WIU. THE FOU.OWING HAVE ON YOUR INSTITUTION'S CONTINUED MEMBERSHIP?

CONTINUE PRESENT OPERATION 64% 22% 14% INCREASE BLACK OFFICERS & COMMITTEE MEMBERS 44% 43% 13% ADDRESS HBCU ISSUES S4% 41 % S% INCREASE BLACK ATTENDANCE AT CONFERENCES 46% 49% S% Once membership is made, concentrated efforts are need­ ed to retain membership specially. The respondents indicated that the following will greatly effect the continua­ tion of present operations at 64 percent; the increase of black officers and commiLLee members al 44 percent, the addressing of unique I-IBCUs issues at 54 percent, and in­ crease black attendance at conferences at 46 percent. Implications The findings listed provide pertinent data regarding I-IBCUs' present, past, and future participation in APPA and regional associations. These findings will give the leaders of these associations a clearer understanding of the needs, as­ pirations, and expectations of HBCU institutions. The findings suggest that leaders must be keenly aware and ac­ tively approach this population with deliberate concern. The potential in0uence of HBCUs is vital to the growth of APPA and improved facilities management at these institu­ tions. Moreover, serious and determined efforts will promote awareness of APPA among senior officers of the institutions served by facilities management personnel. Ad­ ditionally, they will establish membership and bring within APPA this section of stakehold ers.

Recommendations The following suggestions are offered for future action by APPA and regional associations as a result of this investigation: • A similar study should be conducted for TO STEP INTO THE all non-HBCU institutions. Such a study could provide similar data for involve­ FUTURE, ment of other nonmember institutions. LET GO OF THE PAST • The interest of HBCUs and 1.heir partici­ pal.ion in professional associations was very clear. Membership committees, Process improvement will transform the raw dala locked along with APPA Leadership, should use in your facility management system into knowledge. this data to assist in recruitment efforts. • Addressing the unique concerns of HBCUs regarding value of membership, parl.icipation of blacks as officers and committee members, attendance at an­ nual conferences, discussion of unique A vendol:-independen~rof system integration and lElrf?rmance ~--.. studies and evaluations of membership and the recruitment of HBCU stakeholders in earnest. If these recommendations are fol­ lowed, an improved APPA association should develop. This, in rum, should direct more , sells no pro ist- HBCU institutions to become active mem­ o meet ,our goals is o r only bers in APPA and regional associations. .i ....._..lbm.net APPENDIX 1 APPA REGIONS- HBCU INSTITUTIONS

REGIONS STATE: UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES & OTHERS

AUSTRALASIA N/A

EASTERN DELAWARE: Delaware State DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Howard, U District of Columbia MARYLAND: Bowie. Coppin. Morgan. U of Maryland-Eastern Shore MASSACHUSETTS: •Roxbury Community College, •sojourner - Douglas College PENNSYLVANIA: Chevney & Lincoln NEW YORK: *Fiorello H. LaGuardia Community College, *N.Y. City Tech & *Edgar Evers College

MIDWEST ILLINOIS: *Chicago State, *Kennedy-King College MICHIGAN: Lewis College of Business, *Highland Park & *Wayne County Community College OHIO: Central State, Wilberforce & •Cuyahoga Community College

SOUTHEASTERN ALABAMA: Alabama A&M, Alabama State. Bishop State. Concordia, J.F. Drake, Lawson. Miles, Oakwood, Selma, Shelton State. Stillman. Talladega, Trenholm & Tuskegee FLORIDA: Bethune-Cookman, Edward Waters, Florida A&M, Florida Memorial GEORGIA: Albany State, Clark Atlanta, Fort Valley, Morehouse, Morehouse-Medicine, Morris Brown, Paine, Savannah State, Spelman, 'Atlanta Metropolitan KENTUCKY: Kentucky State. Simmons LOUISIANA: Dillard, Grambling, So Univ A&M, So Univ-New Orleans, So Univ-New Orleans, So Univ - Shreveport & Xavier MISSISSIPPI: Alcorn, Coahoma, Hinds, Utica. Jackson State, Mary Holmes, Mississippi Valley. Natchez, Rust, Tougaloo & Prentiss NORTH CAROLINA: Barber-Scotia, Bennett, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville State. Livingston, NC A&T , fY.C_ {&n1ral, Saint Augustine, Shaw & Winston-Salem SOUTH CAROLINA: Allen, Benedict, Claflin, Denmark, Morris. SC State. Voorhees & Johnson Smith TENNESSEE: Fisk, Knoxville, Lane, LeMoyne-Owen, Meharry & Tennessee State University VIRGIN ISLANDS: University of the Virgin Islands VIRGINIA: Hamilton, Norfolk State, Saint Paul, Virginia Seminary, Virginia State & Virginia Union WEST VIRGINIA: WV State & Bluefield State

CENTRAL ARKANSAS: Arkansas Baptist, Philander Smith, Shorter College & UA-Pine Bluff MISSOURI: Harris-Stowe & Lincoln OKLAHOMA: Langston TEXAS: Houston-Tilluston, Jarvis Christian, Paul Quinn, Prairie View. Southwestern Christian Texas College, Texas Southern & Wiley College

ROCKY MOUNTAINS N/A

PACIFIC COST CALIFORNIA: 'Charles Drew & 'Compton College

* Other equal opportunity educational colleges & universities __ Returned survey APPENDIX 2

PARTICIPATION OF HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES (HBCUs) IN THE ASSOCIATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES OFFICERS (APPA) AND REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS SURVEY (Please fill in the box which best represents your institution's position or opinion) A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Institution: ______.,.,, = ------_ ------,,.....,..,..,,..------/------===------REGION

2. Institution's membership in APPA: 0 CURRENT O IN THE PAST 0 NEVER 0 NOT SURE 3. Institution designation: 0 PUBLIC/ 0 PRIVATE 0 2-YR. 0 4-YR. 0 OTHER DESIGNATION ______4. Knowledge of APPA: 0 VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE 0 SOMEWHAT KNOWLEDGEABLE 0 NOT KNOWLEDGEABLE 5. Membership in the regional association: (i.e., PCAPPA, AMA, AAPPA, CAPPA, SRAPPA, MAPPA, ERAPPA) 0 CURRENT O IN THE PAST O NEVER O NOT SURE 6. Size of institution (FTE): _ 0-999 _ 1,000-1,999 _ 2,000-2,999 _ 3,000-4,999 _ 5,000-11 ,999 D 12,000-19,999 D 20,000+ B. MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION 1. Number of years your institution has been a member in APPA: 0 1-2 0 2-5 n 5-10 0 10+ (WRITE EXACT NUMBER ___, □ NON E 2. Attendance at annual APPA Conference: 0 EACH YEAR 0 OCCASIONALLY 0 NEVER 3. Number of years your institution has been a member of your regional association: 01-2 0 2-5 0 5-10 0 10+ (WRITE EXACT NUMBER ____, 0 NEVER 4. Attendance at your annual regional conference: 0 EACH YEAR O OCCASIONALLY O NEVER 5. What is your opinion of services rendered by APPA: 0 EXCELLENT O GOOD O FAIR □ POOR 0 HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF SERVICES 6. What is your opinion of services rendered by your regional association: 0 EXCELLENT O GOOD O FAIR O POOR 0 HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF SERVICES 7. The primary reason for your institution not being a member: a.Lack of funding: 0 AGREE O DISAGREE □ NOT SURE b.Loss of key leadership with interest in APPA: 0 AGREE O DISAGREE O NOT SURE c.Lack of administrative support for professional involvement: 0 AGREE O DISAGREE O NOT SURE d.Not satisfied with APPA member services: 0 AGREE O DISAGREE O NOT SURE 8. During the time of active membership, what was your opinion of services rendered by APPA? 0 EXCELLENT O GOOD O FAIR O POOR O HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF SERVICES 9. During the time of active membership, what was your opinion of services rendered by your regional association? 0 EXCELLENT O GOOD O FAIR O POOR O HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF SERVICES 10. What effect, if any, did the following have on your institution's former membership? a.Disproportionate number of blacks serving as officers and on committees: □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT b.Disproportionate number of blacks in attendance at Annual Conferences: 0 GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT O NO EFFECT c. Lack of relevant information: □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT d.lssues unique to HBCU's were not addressed: □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT 0 NO EFFECT 11. What effect, if any, will the following have on your institution's future membership in APPA? a.Receive information to be better informed about APPA: □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT b.Determine value of institutional membership: (What's in it for us?) □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT c.Receive trial membership: {Check ONLY if you are not a member at the present time) □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT 12. What effect, if any, will the following have on your institution's continued membership in APPA: a.Continue present operation: □ GREAT EFFECT 0 LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT b.lncrease the number of blacks serving as officers and on committees: 0 GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT c.Address unique issues of HBCU's: 0 GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT □ NO EFFECT d.lncrease attendance of blacks at Annual Conferences: □ GREAT EFFECT □ LITTLE EFFECT O NO EFFECT 13. Please list any other concerns you may have about APPA, membership and ways to increase HBCU participation:

"THANKS FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION"

(OPTIONAL:) Respondent's Name: ______Telephone/Fax No: ______~I ______Date

PLEASE RETURN SURVEY TO: Dr. Sam L. Polk Sr. Director of Facilities Management Tennessee State University P.O. Box 9585 Nashville, TN 37209-1561 Telephone: (615) 963-5687 Fax: (615) 963-5642 e-mail: [email protected] by L.Joe Spoo11e.more

l this point in time I am convinced that most facilities The immensity of the problem, at first consideration, is al­ managers are familiar with the potential for computer most overwhelming. So too are the consequences of not A system failure au ri buted LO the inabili ty of computer familiarizing yourself with the location and function of these hardware or software to properly interpret a "00" in the year­ liule denizens of computer architecture. Unlike some pundits, date fi eld. In reality, the problem Li es in the potential inability I am convinced that with investment in preparation and of the CPU or BIOS to respond to the information delivered readiness our industry can avoid the collapse of our modern by the RTC (real-time-clock). I will also assume that a lengthy computer driven society. Some skeptics are convinced that the discussion of the relationships of the motherboard, RAM, domino eITect will cause fai lure of electrical generation and ROM, CMOS, BIOS, RTC, and CPU \vi ii be unnecessary. distribution systems which will lead to the complete break­ What we need to recognize and deal with is that in the down of our transportation, telecommunication, utilities, and United States alone there are some 25 billion embedded chips financial systems. Recent predictions from the electrical in­ similar to the old Z-80 type that now cost in the order of $1 dustry, however, indicate that somewhere between 1 and 2 and can wipe out an entire enterprise. Whether they are in percent of the national grid may actually fai l. The lesson here PCs or PLCs (programmable logic controllers) or whether the is that we must recognize the potential impact of the loss of associated software cannot cope with the double-zero issue purchased power and be ready to react. the task is to identify them, test them, and develop a compli­ The word "ready" is the key word. Some would argue that ance strategy for mission critical services. The cost of we must be 100 percent compliant to avoid any possibility of world-wide compliance is estimated to be $600 billion and loss of essential services. Realistically, 100 percent compliance climbing. Less than six months ago it was assumed that 50 cannot be guaranteed. No matter how diligent, we cannot ab­ percent of this sum would be required to test the existing sys­ solutely guarantee the functionality of any system that tems. This figure has increased and experts on the subject requires the support of elements that are not under our con­ expect an excess of 60 percent of the total cost wi ll be trol. As indjvidual consumers we cannot guarantee the required just for testing. delivery of electricity or other critical services and materials to our site. Nor can we give assurances that all elements of a computer network will function flawlessly. The failure of a si ngle piece of hardware or software could result in the loss of APPA President]oe Spoonemore is director of special the entire network. projects, facilities management, at WasJ1i11gto11 State Again, the challenge is to be ready! We simply must not fai l University. He can be readied [email protected]. to deliver essential services to the campus community. Regardless of the depth of coverage you have in terms of writ­ • Vehicles (cars, firetrucks, and ambulances) ten covenants from manufacturers or the potential for • Traffic lights subsequent recovery via litigation the bottom line is that the • Fire detection and suppression campus community will find little comfort in these pieces of • Power plant boiler controls paper if they lose power and water. Speaking of litigation, it is • Building clock systems my understanding that 40 states have passed legislation that • Parking gates holds computer and software vendors blameless should their • Bar code fire extinguisher certification system product fai l to be compliant as the world moves into the year • A PU/UPS equipment 2000. Some protection may be afforded by complying with • Plant radio communication network the "Good Samaritan Law" signed by President Clinton on • Computerized auditorium light dimmer systems October 19, 1998. The Year 2000 Information and Readiness • Dedicated computerized lighting systems Disclosure Act covers the time period from January 1, 1996 • Computerized sign fabricator thru j uly 14, 2001. The retroactive period (prior to October • Fresh water pumping equipment, chlorinator, 0uoridator 19, 1998) must be addressed prior to December 3, 1998 to be • Electrical feeder equipment effective. • CAD plotters and printers Non-networked, non-IT, or smaller non-administrative • Variable speed chilled-water pump controllers computing systems require different strategies to address their • Underground storage tank monitor specific needs. One approach has been taken by BOMA (the • Street lighting Building Owners and Managers Association) in its "Meeting • lntecom E telephone switch the Year 2000 Challenge," General Motors in its "Year 2000 • FAXs, copiers, video cameras Test Procedures," or the University of Oklahoma as managed • Sewage lift stations by Reginald Tempelmeyer. The difference between our • Fuel dispensing systems approach at WSU and those previously mentioned is that 1) • Area lighting we are concentrating on only those systems that we perceive Unlike most facilities organizations that I am aware of, we to be critical to life/safety, service delivery or research, and 2) at WSU have been asked to go beyond the infrastructure sys­ we have been given the task of searching beyond the Physical tems and exami ne the entire campus. For a very small staff, Plant purview and into the academidresearch community. this could be an overwhelming task if the rigorous approach At the outset, we considered the more-or-less classic were to be assumed. We, therefore, have deviated somewhat approach of identifying and cataloguing all potential locations and simply ask the question, "will the failure of a given piece of embedded systems. Realizing that, with a very limited staff, of hardware, research equipment, or software result in we were considering a stupendous task we quickly refocused life/safety trauma or significantly impact our ability to deliver on only those systems that had a potential impact on critical service?" services. The procedure is much the same as the other To systematically assess the impact of embedded, time/date approaches in that once the potential impact on service deliv­ sensitive systems, a Y2K Embedded System Checklist and an ery is determined a triage/prioritization is performed, testing auendant Y2K Embedded Chip Risk Assessment Matrix have is pursued, estimates for correction are prepared, funding re­ been included al the end of this article and can be used to ini­ quests are organized and finally, compliance projects are tiate thinking about how to begin a program. Between these scheduled. What has been discovered to date is that the single two instruments the intent is to isolate those si tuations that most pervasive non-compliant networks are our Central Con­ would have the maximum impact on our ability to deliver trol and Monitoring System (CCMS/EMS) and the Safety service. A combination of Information Technology analysts, Division Communication network. Initial estimates to bring departmental computer technologists, and the Y2K project the Landis & Staefa CCMS/EMS system into compliance by administration has enabled WSU staff to begin a si te visitation updating the MBCs and SCUs is $250,000. The Safety Divi­ and assessment process. Once findings are recorded, compli­ sion has discovered that their Motorola Centralink, Silent ance-cost estimates completed, and non-compliance Knight, lntesis paging system and 911-Dictaphone recorder consequences reviewed, contingency plans will be prepared as are all non-compliant and will require a total of some $35,000 justification for funher funding. The request for plant compli­ to upgrade. ance funding, which appears to be the most overarching Other plant infrastructure systems that have been exam­ issue, has been submitted. ined and determined Lo be either compliant or What have we discovered that is worthy of passing on to inconsequential in terms of potential failure are as follows: our fellow techno-victims? • Security alarm systems • If you have not commenced a search and cataloging of • Card key system potential embedded system locations, you have some • Elevators catching up co do. • Make sure that your institution is not currently purchas­ 2000. A sample of fee-based testing vendors are: WRQ Inc., ing non-compliant equipment or sortware by attaching Viasoft, Centennial Systems Consultants Ltd., and Silicon Val­ the appended form letter to the purchase order. ley Networks Inc. • Although there are many dates that are considered to be Departmental owners and users or computer driven sensitive, in terms or "end-or-file indicators" or failure to systems and equipment are your most direct and reliable correctly coordinate the date and day or the week the source of information. Expect to encounter a certai n amount most likely problems wi ll occur with those dates listed on of indifference LO the whole Y2K issue. the purchase order form letter as appended. The WSU Simplex fire alarm S)'Stem will make the initial • ILis widely believed that hardware and software produced transition without fail. Some systems, however, will fail the before 1992 is probably not compliant. next leap year in 2004. Fortunately a SJ,500 firmware modifi­ • Not all computerized systems contain embedded cation is available. time/date chips. There are numerous Y2K websites. In addition to the ven­ • Computers that appear to be identical can have different dor/manufacturer sites many universities, such as Stanford, BIOS. Virginia, and Notre Dame have excellent sites. The following • An otherwise non-compliant RTC may be inconsequen­ sites are recommended references: tial with compensating BIOS. • Washington State • It is believed that a CPU, in some configurati ons may be • Building Owners and Managers Association able to bypass the BIOS and directly access a non-compli­ • Legal Issues ant RTC. To preclude this eventuality Microsort suggests • GM Year Test Procedures that a network source such as the US Navy observatory • GSA (product compliance) time service he incorporated. • Electric Utilities • Not all manufacturers/vendors are anxious to submit let­ • Y2K Bug ters of compliance or offer gratis compliance upgrades. In summary, it is not likely that the year 2000 ,viii cause • You cannot assume that even ir you are able Lo isolate the society to collapse. It is clear, however, that serious BIOS or RTC that a simple replacement is cost justifiable. consequences await those that do not make the effort to root­ • Do not assume that you have a legal avenue or recovery out embedded systems that can impact the delivery of for non-compliant systems. essential services. The following advice is offered to reduce You may seek compliance confirmation from vendors or the failure of computerized systems as they make tl1e transi­ previously purchased equipment or sortware with the use of a tion into the next century: form letter similar (or identical) to the one that is appended. • Rely on your staff 10 brainstorm and complete a survey of The University of Oklahoma and the University of Virginia all systems that are computer dependent. both have excellent examples or form letters. • Establish a priority relative to the delivery of vital public There is no substitute for testing! Be very careful to backup services. all tested programs. Be aware that licensing could be truncat­ • Rely on vendors for letters of certification and assistance ed and that you might not be able LO return to "1900" dates. in preparing compliance strategies. Also, be cautious when calling up a file while testing in the • Use the Internet and your APPA listserv. next century. It may be lost. • Test your systems. Even though the time/date function is non-compliant this • Develop contingency scenarios. may be inconsequential for some applications. Research test­ • Seek a sign-off from the Department head or Dean that ing/analysis apparatus such as a Gas Chromatograph Mass they are compliant. Spectrometer, High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph, Spec­ Never assume tliat you are 100 percent compliant-you trophotometer, Luminescence Spectrometer, Envi ronmental probably won't be. Chambers or Radio Chromatograph may be indifferent as LO With tlie knowledge that you are probably not 100 percent the century. compliant, then you must have your contingency and emer­ Testing a PC and/or software for compliance is relatively gency response plans in order and be READY for critical uncomplicated. The dates, at a minimum, and rollover failures. sequences to be confirmed are the same as those listed in the May the force be with you! .i appended purchasing form letter. A good explanation of "Mis­ sion Critical Dates" can be found at hup://www.buzzbyte.com/criticaldates.html. There are several fee-based as well as free "date detective" programs such as the one that we are using on campus which is STL YMARK Y2k Embedded System Checklist l. Has the VP/Dean/Director or primary administrator officer been apprised of the potential complications associated with Y2K and embedded l 9clock chips?' l 2. Has a College/Departmental contact been appointed? 3. Has a list of equipment that potentially utilizes embedded clock chips been es­ tablished? If not, what is the projected date of completion? 4. Has a list of application programs utilizing departmental computing equipment been catalogued? If not, when will this work be complete? 5. Have the programs and hardware been tested 10 confirm compliance or non­ compliance? If not, when will this work be complete? Are you requiring certification records? Do you require assistance? 6. Have you determined the consequences of non-compliance on life safety, the Physical Plant ability to provide service, and the ability LO maintain research? Would non-com­ pliance have only an annoyance or cosmetic impact? Are there plans to phase out Contracts the equipment or system prior to Y2K? 7. Have you estimated the replacement value of non-compliant hardware or soft­ Now Available ware? Updated and improved as needed to meet today's standards. each complete 8. Have you considered alternatives to outright replacement in-kind such as hard­ document includes: Bid Instructions. Scope ware updates or reprogramming? of Work, Technical Speoficat1ons. Terms and Conditions, and Pnong Schedules. 9. Have you established a lead-time for software/hardware replacement? Ordering? lnd1v1dual contracts and complete volumes Delivery? Installation? are presented 1n a professional binder and 10. ls sufficient internal staff available to complete the required compliance process? available on computer diskette using a WordPerfect format. 11. Are you comfortable with the level of preparation to date? 12. Have you prepared contingency plans should compliance not be achieved? Construction - Part A; Carpentry Services: Concrete Installation and 13. lf any of your computers are networked, are the other elements of the network Replacement Services: Drywall Sel'Vlces: compliant? Electrical Services: Excavation Services; Pa1nl1ng Services: Ready Mix Concrete: 14. I lave you reviewed your suppliers and considered the consequences of their in­ Resil ient Flooring Services: and ability to comply? Suspended Ce1hng Tile Services 15. Have you secured wriu en confirmation of compliance from hardware and soft­ Construction - Part Bi Crushed Stone ware vendors? Supplies. 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Visit our Home Page: ';\ <.2 I ----- www.mindspring.com/~tgbwco 1998 Facilities Manager, Volume 14 INDEX by Steve Glazner

ARTICLES BY SUBJECT APPA Business and Programs 1997 Regional Annual Meeting Reporcs * Eastern Region, by Theresa C. Jordan Jan/Feb 3 * Southeastern Region, by Sam L. Polk Sr. Jan/Feb 5 * Midwest Region, by Becky Hamilton Jan/Feb 7 * Central Region, by Tom Jones Jan/Feb 8 * Rocky Mountain Region. by Wayne White Jan/Feb 9 * Pacific Coast Region, by Johnny Torrez Jan/Feb LO * Australasian Region, by Sam Ragusa Jan/Feb lO APPA Staff Lis ting Jan/Feb 11 Introducing APPAs Professional Leadership Center, by Douglas K. Christensen Jan/Feb 20 APPA Launches Leadership Skills Academy, by Douglas K.Christensen Jan/Feb 25 Preparations Undenvay for Effectiveness Skills Program, by Charles W. Jenkins & Deb aughton Jan/Feb 34 AAPPA Trip Report, by L. Joe Spoonemore Jan/Feb 42 Wayne Leroy to Leave APPA, by Steve Glazner Mar/Apr 2 APPA Allies with CMDG to Provide Architeccs' Firsr Source Mar/Apr 3 APPA and CSI Offer Joint Sympos ium on the Future of Educational Facili ties Mar/Apr 7 Annual Meeting Preview: San Jose Mar/Apr 27 President's Message: Wayne & Lander, by Pieter J . van der Have May/J un 3 Election Results May/Jun 7 APPA Produces 1995-96 Comparative Costs and Staffing Report May/Jun 8 APPNCSI Symposium May/Jun 8 Annual Report: President-Elect, by L. Joe Spoonemore Jul/Aug 3 Annual Report: Immediate Past President, by Ronald T. Flinn Jul/Aug 4 Annual Report: Vice President for Educational Programs, by Gary L. Reynolds Jul/Aug 7 Annual Report: Vice President for Information Services, by Joseph D. Rubertone Jul/Aug 8 Annual Report: Vice President for Professional Affairs, by Jack K. Colby Jul/Aug 11 Blazing New Trails in Facilities Management, by E. Lander Medlin Jul/Aug 15 APPA Salutes the Following Suppliers for Their Continued Support! Jul/Aug 55 APPA and CMD Group Align to Advance Information and Services Sep/Oct 3 San Jose Annual Meeting Highlights Sep/Oct 4 A Reflection, by E. Lander Medlin Sep/Oct 16 Enhancing Communication: A Profile of Joe Spoonemore, by Alan L. Dessoff Sep/Oct 22 Does APPA Belong in K-12? You Bet It Does! , by Ed Sm ith Sep/Oct 26 The K-12 Initiative: Expanding the APPA Resources to Meet 21st Century Needs, by David Petersen & Lorenz Schoff Sep/Oct 37

Steve Glazner is APP~ director of communica tions and editor of Facilities Manager. He can be reached at [email protected]. Benchmarking and Sharing of Best Practices: Benchmarking the FCI at Illinois State's A Vital K-12 Resource, by Don Briselden Sep/Oct 41 Residential Life, by David A. Cain Mayaun 11 A K-16 Network- Is IL Possible?, Off-Balance Sheet Financing, by by Joe Bolton Sep/Oct 43 Mauhew C. Adams Jul/Aug 56 Task Force Sponsors hip Provide.~ Leaming Disaster Planning Opportunity, by Robert Lange Sep/Oct 46 Book Review: Disaster Planning and Recovery: APPA Mourns the Loss of Long-Time A Guide for Facility Professionals, Supporter Nov/Dec 3 rev. hy Lee Gavel Jul/Aug 62 APPANet Woes Nov/Dec 3 It's Been Fun! Nov/Dec 5 Employees/ Staffing Hot Off the Presses (Custodial Staffing That's Not My Job, by H. Val Peterson Jan/Feb 14 Guidetit1 es) Nov/Dec 5 Staff Alternatives in Outsourcing, by Strategically Planning on APPANet ov/Dec 5 Mauhew C. Adams Mar/Apr 56 Early Bi rd Registrations ov/Dec 5 Maintenance Staffing Standards for Zero-Based Launching Alliances, by E. Lander Medlin Nov/Dec 7 Budgeting, by Mauhew C. Adams, Joseph C. Fisher, & Theodore). Weidner Jul/Aug 18 Assessment & Evaluation Unorthodox Solutions, by I-t oward Millman Jul/Aug 59 The Value in Value Management: A Dialogue, Movers and Shakers, by H. Val Peterson ov/Dec 10 by John Huish & Pieter J. van der Have Mar/Apr 31 Interdisciplinary Coordination Reviews: Energy & Utilities Management A Process to Reduce Construction Costs, Book Review: Energy Management Handbook, by Dennis A. Fewell Mar/Apr 42 rev. by Richard J. Perhai Mar/Apr 63 Benchmarking the FCI at Illinois States Book Review: Retrofittit1g of Buildings for Residential Life, by David A. Cain Mayaun 11 Energy Conservation, rev. by Ralph Palmer Mar/Apr 65 Assessment and Utilities Savings at UT Assessment and Utilities Savings at UT Houston, by Brian K. Yeoman, Houston, by Brian K. Yeoman, Manivannan M. Palani, & John C. McKee Mayaun 17 Manivannan M. Palani, &John C. McKee Mayaun 17 Calgary K-12 Dis trict Bene fiL~ from the Energy Management and the Infrastructure Facilities Management Evaluation Program, System, by James M. Blackburn Jul/Aug so by Steve Cripps May/Jun 27 Off-Balance Sheet Financing, If You Can't Measure IL , You Can't Manage It, by Mauhew C. Adams Jul/Aug 56 by Howard Millman Sep/Oct 52 Book Review: Financing Energy Projects rev. by Kevin Swisher 62 Benchmarking Deshbooh, Jul/Aug Book Review: Energy Benchmarking the FCI at Illinois States Handbook of Engineering, rev. by John M. Casey Jul/Aug 64 Residential Life, by David A. Cain Mayaun 11 Book Review: Benchmarking and Sharing of Best Practices: Efficient HVAC Systems rev. by Mauhew Klein Sep/Oct 54 A Vital K-12 Resource, by Don Briselden Sep/Oct 41 Deshbooh, Throwing Space Standards Out the Window, Book Review: Guide Lo Energy Management, Part l: Using Space Benchmarking and rev. by Paul A. Wenner Sep/Oct 59 Faculty Headcount for Predicting Space Environmental Concerns Needs, by Ira Fink Nov/Dec 41 Balancing Our Natural and Human Seuings, by George I-1 . Emert 17 Community College Issues Jan/Feb Tools fo r Schools Mar/Apr 4 Community Colleges Demand More From Book Review: Indoor Air Qualiry-Solutions Their Buildings, by Mauhew C. Adams Sep/Oct 49 and SLraLegies, rev. by John M. Casey Mar/Apr 66 Computer Software & Hardware Book Review: Environmental Remediation Project Management on Steroids, Estimating Methods, rev. by Eric Shawn Nov/Dec 61 by Howard Yi il lman Jan/Feb 59 Ethics The Evolution of Computer-Aided Facility Leadership and Ethics: What the Management, by William D. Mclean Mar/Apr 51 Contemporary Experts Say, Images in an Ins tant, by Howard Millman Mar/Apr 61 by Charles W Jenkins Jan/Feb 37 Unorthodox Solutions, by Howard Millman Jul/Aug 59 Software Review: Architectural Graphic Facilities Financing Standards, CD-ROM, Version 2.0, rev. Off-Balance Sheet Financing, by Joseph Powell Sep/Oct 55 by Mauhew C. Adams Jul/Aug 56 MU's Early Space-Planning Computerization, Book Review: Financing Energy Projects by Scou Shader & Anthony Vaughn ov/Dec 49 Deskbook, rev. by Kevin Swisher Jul/Aug 62 Architectural Graphics Standard Gets Bigger Wringing Dollars Out of Campus Space, and Bigger, by Howard Millman ov/Dec 58 by Gail Biddison & Tom Hier ov/Dec 18 Custodial Operations Facilities Manager Index Decision Making Tools for Custodial 1997 Index: Facilities Manager, Volume 13, Operations, by James E. Sears Jul/Aug 45 by Steve Glazner Jan/Feb 47 Hot Off the Presses (Custodial Staffing Guidelines) ov/Dec 5 Higher Education Issues U.S. Commission on Higher Ed Costs: A Call Customer Service 10 Leadership, by Wayne E. Leroy Jan/Feb 12 That's Not My Job, by H. Val Peterson Jan/Feb 14 Public Distrusts Higher Education Costs Mar/Apr 3 Unorthodox Solutions, by Howard Millman J ul/Aug 59 Construction in the New Millennium: The Deferred Maintenance Challenges and Opportunities for Educational Facilities, by Wayne E. Leroy Deferred Maintenance at Historic Black Mar/Apr 9 Staff Alternatives in Outsourcing, Colleges May1un 8 by Matthew C. Adams Mar/Apr 56 Deferred Maintenance at Historic Black Preparations Underway for Effectiveness Colleges May/Jun 8 Skills Program, by Charles W.Jenkins & Book Review: Ma naging Higher Education as Deb Naughton Jan/Feb 34 a Business, rev. by Kirby L. Vahle May/Jun 46 Leadership a nd Ethics: What the Contemporary A K- 16 Network-Is It Possible?, Experts Say, by Charles W. J enkins Jan/Feb 37 by Joe Bolton Sep/Oct 43 Are We T here Yet? , by H. Val Peterson May/Jun g Community Colleges Demand More From Customers are from Venus, Mechanics are from Their Buildings, by Mauhew C. Adams Sep/Oct 49 Mars, by Howard Millman May/Jun 40 Book Review: The Learning Revolution: Blazing New Trails in Facilities Management, Th e Challenge of Infonnalion Technology by E. Lander Medlin J ul/Aug 15 in the Academy. rev. by William G. Suter Sep/Oct 55 A Re0ection, by E. Lander Medlin Sep/Oct 16 Space Standards: Some Recent Lessons, Enhancing Communicatio n: A Profile of by Harvey H. Kaiser & Eva Klein Nov/Dec ll Joe Spoonemore, by Alan L. Dessoff Sep/Oct 22 The Changing College Classroom, Movers and Shakers, by H. Val Peterson ov/Dec 10 by Daniel K. Paulien Nov/Dec 24 Maintenance and Operations Book Review: Lobby ingfor Higher Education: Conside ring the Zone, by Mauhew C. Adams How College and Universities Influ ence Jan/Feb 54 Maintenance Staffing Sta nda rds for Zero-Based Federal Policy, rev. by John M. Casey Nov/Dec 6 1 Budgeting, by Ma11hew C. Adams. Information Management/ Information Technology Joseph C. Fisher, & Theodore]. Weidner Jul/Aug 18 The Evolution of Computer-Aided Facility Y2K Embedded Base Systems: Will 11 Become Ma nagement, by William D. Mclean Mar/Apr 51 Your Nightmare?, by Charles A. Sippial Sr. Sep/Oct 19 Images in an Ins tant, by Howard Millma n Mar/Apr 6 1 Outsourcing/Privatization Book Review: Tiie Lcammg Revolullon: Tiie Challenge of Information Technology Staff Alternatives in O utsourcing, by Matthew C. Adams Mar/Apr 56 111 che Academy, rev. by William G. Suter Sep/Oct 55 How NOT to Get O utsourced, Information Services by Thom Wellington Jul/Aug 39 APPA Allies with CMDG to Provide Architects' Organizational Development First Source Mar/Apr 3 Strategically Planning o n APPANet Nov/Dec Book Review: The Facilities Management 5 Library (10 volumes), rev. by John M. Casey May/jun 42 Parking Management APPA and CMD Group Align to Advance Expand Your Parking Paradigm to Meet Diverse Info rmation and Services Sep/Oct 3 eeds, by Susan A. Kirkpatrick Jul/Aug 24 The K-12 lnitiauve: Expanding the APPA Resources to Meet 21st Century Needs, Planning, Design, and Construction by David Petersen & Lo renz Schoff Sep/Oct 37 APPA All ies with CMDG to Provide Archi!ecls' Benchmarking and Sharing of Best Practices: First Source Mar/Apr 3 A Vital K-12 Resource, by Don Briselden Sep/Oct 41 A Lillie Planning Goes a Long Way Mar/Apr 4 APPA and CS! O ffer Joint Symposium on the International Facilities Future of Educatio na l Facilities Mar/Apr 7 AAPPA Trip Report, by L. J oe Spoonemore J an/Feb 42 Construction in the New Millennium: The K-12 Issues Challe nges and O ppo rtunities for Educationa l Facilities, by Wayne E. Leroy Mar/Apr g Tools for Schools Mar/Apr 4 An Integrated Approach to Interior Master Construction in the ew Millennium: The Planning: How Place Communicates and Challenges and Opportunities for Affects Missio n, by Beth Worthington Mar/Apr 11 Educational Facilities, by Wayne E. Leroy Mar/Apr 9 Third Party Project Management: A Com ing Calgary K-12 District Benefits from the Reality for an Increasingly Unrealistic World, Facilities Management Evaluation Program , by Jeff Griffin Mar/Apr 19 by Steve Cripps May/Jun 27 The Design Partner, by John G. Dempsey & Stewardship from a School District President's Gretchen Wesenberg Mar/Apr 25 POV, by Matthew C. Adams May/jun 35 The Value in Value Management: A Dialogue, Does APPA Belong in K-12? You Bet It Does!, by J ohn Huish & Pieter j. van der Have Mar/Apr 3 1 by Ed Smith Sep/Oct 26 Inte rdisciplinary Coordinatio n Reviews: The K-12 Initiative: Expa nding the APPA A Process to Reduce Cons tructio n Costs, Resources to Meet 21st Century Needs, by Dennis A Fewell Mar/Apr 42 by David Petersen & Lorenz Schoff Sep/Oct 37 The Evolution of Computer-Aided Facilny Benchmarking a nd Sharing of Best Practices: Management, by William D. McLean Mar/Apr 51 A Vital K- 12 Resource, by Don Briselden Sep/Oct 41 Book Review: Retrofiuing of Buildings for A K-16 Network-ls It Possible?, Energy Conservation, rev. by Ralph Palmer Mar/Apr 65 by Joe Bolton Sep/Oct 43 APPNCSI Symposium May/Jun 8 Task Force Sponsorship Provides Learning Energy Management and the Infrastructure O ppo rtunity, by Robert Lange Sep/Oct 46 System, by James M. Blackburn J ul/Aug 50 Leadership/ Facilities Management Profession Book Review: Special Planning for Special Thats Not My J ob, by H. Val Peterson Jan/Feb 14 Spaces, rev. by J o hn M. Casey Jul/Aug 61 Balancing Our Natural and Human Scuings, APPA and C MD Group Align to Advance by George H. Emert J an/Feb 17 Information and Services Sep/Oct 3 Introduc ing APPAs Professional Leadership Software Review: Arcli itectural Grapliic Center, by Douglas K. Christensen J an/Feb 20 Swndards, CD-ROM, Version 2.0, rev. APPA Launches Leadership Skills Academy, by J oseph Powell Sep/Oct 55 by Douglas K. Christensen Jan/Feb 25 Place-Making: A New Space Planning Model, by Beth Worthington ov/Dec 35 Architectural Graphics Standard Gets Bigger AUTHORS and Bigger, by Howard Millman Nov/Dec 58 Book Review: Value Engineeri ng: Practical Adams, Matthew C. Considering the Zone Jan/Feb 54 Applications, rev. by David E. Patnaude ov/Dcc 60 --. Staff Alternatives in Outsourcing Mar/Apr 56 ---. Stewardship from a School District Project Management President's POV May/Jun 35 Project Management on Steroids, ---. Off-Balance Sheet Financing Jul/Aug 56 by Howard Millman Jan/Feb 59 ---. Community Colleges Demand More Third Party Project Management: A Coming From Their Buildings Sep/Oct 49 Reality fo r an Increasingly Unrealistic World, Adams, Matthew C. (with J.C. Fisher & by Jeff Griffin Mar/Apr 19 T.J. Weidner). Maintenance Staffing Space Manat ment and Utilization Standards for Zero-Based Budgeting Jul/Aug 18 Space Standar : Some Recent Lessons, Biddison, Gail (with T. Hier). Wringing by Harvey H. Kaiser & Eva Klein ov/Dec 11 Dollars Out or Campus Space ov/Dec 18 Wringing Dollars Out or Campus Space, Blackburn, James M. Energy Management by Gail Biddison & Tom Hier Nov/Dec 18 and the Infrastructure System Jul/Aug 50 The Changing College Classroom, Bolton, Joe. A K-16 Network-ls It Possible? Sep/Oct 43 by Daniel K. Paulien Nov/Dec 24 Briselden, Don. Benchmarking and Sharing of Place-Making: A New Space Planni ng Model, Best Practices: A Vital K-12 Resource Sep/Oct 41 by Beth Wonhington ov/Dec 35 Cain, David A. Bench.marking the FCI at Throwing Space Standards Out the Window, Illinois State's Residential Life May/Jun 11 Pan 1: Using Space Benchmarking and Casey, John M. Book review of Indoor Air Faculty Headcount for Predicting Space Quality-Solutions and Strategies Mar/Apr 66 Needs, by Ira Fink Nov/Dec 41 --. Book review of The Facilities MU's Early Space-Planning Computerization, Ma,iagement Library May/jun 42 by Scoll Shader & Anthony Vaughn Nov/Dec 49 --. Book review of Special Planningfor An Overview of SCUP's Space Planning Special Spaces Jul/Aug 61 Workshop, by Sharon Morioka Nov/Dec 55 ---. Book review of Handbook of Energy Engineering Jul/Aug 64 Strategic Planning --. Book review of Lobbyingfor Higher Strategically Planning on APPA Net Nov/Dec 5 Education Nov/Dec 61 Y2K Chris tensen, Douglas K Introducing APPA's Y2K Embedded Base Systems: Will II Become Professional Leadership Center Jan/Feb 20 Your Nightmare?, by Charles A. Sippial Sr. Sep/Oct 19 --. APPA Launches Leadership Skills Academy Jan/Feb 25

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J.111t1,111/l ch111.1r, J<)l)l) l ,1ul1t1c~ \l,111,1gn 3ll - - -~- Colby, Jack K. Annual Repon : Vice President Fisher, Joseph C. (with M.C. Adams & fo r Professional Affairs J ul/Aug 11 T.J . Weidner). Maintenance Staffing Cripps, Steve. Calgary K-12 Dis trict Benefi ts Standards fo r Zero-Based Budgeting Jul/Aug 18 from the Facilities Management Evaluatio n Flinn, Ronald T. Annual Re port: Immediate Program May(lun 27 Past President Jul/Aug 4 Dempsey, John G. (with G. Wesenberg). The Gavel, Lee. Book review of Disaster Planning Desig_n Partner Mar/Apr 25 and Recovery J ul/Aug 62 Dessoff, AJan L. Enhancing Communica1ion: Glazner, Steve. 1997 Index: Facilities Manager, A Profile of Joe Spoonemore Sep/Oct 22 Volume 13 Jan/Feb 47 Emert, George H. Balancing Our Natural and - --. Wa_)l'lle Leroy to Leave APPA Mar/Apr 2 Human Settings Jan/Feb 17 Griffin, Jeff. Third Party Project Management: Fewell, Dennis A. Interdisciplinary A Coming Reality for an Increasingly Coordination Reviews: A Process to Red uce Unrealistic World Mar/Apr 19 Construction Costs Mar/Apr 42 Hamilton, Becky. Midwest Region 1997 Fink, lra. Throwing Space Standards Out the Report Jan/Feb 7 Window, Part 1: Using Space Benchmarking Hier, Tom (with G. Biddison). Wringing and Faculty Headcount for Predicting Space Dollars O ut of Campus Space Nov/Dec 18 Needs Nov/Dec 41 Huish, John (w ith P.J . van der Have). The Value in Value Management: A Dialogue Mar/Apr 31 Jenkins, Charles W. Leadership and Ethics: What the Contemporary Experts Say Jan/Feb 37 Jenkins, Charles W. (with D. Naughton). Preparations Underway for Effectiveness Skills Program Jan/Feb 34 Jones, Tom. Central Region 1997 Report Jan/Feb 8 Jordan, Theresa C. Eastern Region 1997 Re port Jan/Feb 3 Kaiser, Harvey H. (with E. Klein). Space Standards: Some Recent Lessons Nov/Dec l l Kirkpatrick, Susan A. Expand Your Parking Paradigm to Meet Diverse Needs J ul/Aug 24 Klein, Eva (with H.H. Kaiser). Space Standards: Some Recent Lessons Nov/Dec 11 Klein, Matthew. Book review of Efficient HVAC Systems Desl1bool1 Sep/Oct 54 Lange, Robert. Task Force Sponsorship Provides Leaming Opportunity Sep/Oct 46 Leroy, Wayne E. U.S. Commission on Higher Ed Costs: A Call to Leadership Jan/Feb l2 ---. Construction in the New Millennium: The Challenges and Opportunities for Educatio nal Facilities Mar/A pr 9 205 East. Central Blvd, Ste. 500 McKee,Jobn C. (with B.K. Yeoman & M.M. Orlando, FL 32801 Palani). Assessment and Utilities Savings Telephone (407) 872-1500 at UT Houston May(lun 17 McLean, William D. Fax (407) 843-3200 The Evolution of Computer-Aided Facility E-MAIL [email protected] Management Mar/Apr 51 Medlin, E. Lander. Blazing New Trails in Facilities Management Jul/Aug 15 ---. A ReOection Sep/Oct 16 van der Have, Pieter J. President's Message: ---. Launching Alliances Nov/Dec 7 Wayne & Lander May/J un 3 Millman, Howard. Project Management on van der Have, Pieter]. (withJ. Huish). The Steroids Jan/Feb 59 Value in Value Management: A Dialogue Mar/Apr 31 ---. Images in an Instant Mar/Apr 61 Vaughn, Anthony (with S. Shader). MU's Early ---. Customers are from Venus, Mechanics Space-Planning Computerization Nov/Dec 49 are from Mars May/Jun 40 Weidner, Theodore]. (with M.C. Adams & ---. Unorthodox Solutions JuVAug 59 J.C. Fisher). Maintenance Staffing Standards ---. If You Can't Measure It, You Can't for Zero-Based Budgeting Jul/Aug 18 Manage It Sep/Oct 52 Wellington, Thom. How NOT to Get ---. Architectural Graphics Standard Outsourced Jul/Aug 39 Gets Bigger and Bigger Nov/Dec 58 Wenner, Paul A. Book review of Guide Lo Morioka, Sharon. An Overview of SCUP'.~ Energy Manageme111 Sep/Oct 59 Space Planning Workshop ov/Dec 55 Wesenberg, Gretchen (with J.G. Dempsey). aughton, Deb (with CW Jenkins). The Design Partner Mar/Apr 25 Preparations Underway for Effectiveness White, Wayne. Rocky Mountain Region Skills Program Jan/Feb 34 1997 Report Jan/Feb 9 Palani, Manivannan M. (with B.K. Yeoman Worthington, Beth. An Integrated Approach & J.C. McKee). Assessment and Utilities Lo Interior Master Planning: How Place Savings at UT Houston May/Jun 17 Communicates and Affects Mission Mar/Apr 11 Palmer, Ralph. Book review o f Retrofitting ---. Place-Making: A New Space Planning of Buildings for E11 ergy Co11serva1ion Mar/Apr 65 Model Nov/Dec 35 Patnaude, David E. Book review o f Va lue Yeoman, Brian K. (with M.M. Palani & Engineering ov/Dec 60 J.C. McKee). Assessment and Utilities Paulien, Daniel K. The Changing College Savings at UT Hous ton May/J un 17 Classroom ov/Dec 24 Perhai, Richard]. Book review of Energy Ma11ageme111 Handbooli Mar/Apr 63 Petersen, David (with L. Schoff). The K-12 Initiative: Expanding the APPA Resources to Meet 21s t Century Needs Sep/Oct 37 Peterson, H. Val. That's Not My Job Jan/Feb 14 ---. Are We There Yet? May/Jun 9 ---. Movers and Shakers ov/Dec 10 Polk, Sam L. Sr. Southeastern Region 1997 Report Jan/Feb 5 Powcll, Joseph. Software review of Architectural Graphic Standards, CD-ROM, Version 2.0 Sep/Oct 55 Ragusa, Sam. Australasian Region 1997 Report Jan/Feb LO Reynolds, Gary L. Annual Report: Vice President for Educational Programs Jul/Aug 7 Rubertone, Joseph D. Annual Report: Vice President for Information Services Jul/Aug 8 Schoff, Lorenz (with D. Petersen). The K-12 Initiative: Expanding the APPA Resources to Meet 2l stCentury Needs Sep/Oct 37 Sears,James E. Decision Making Tools for Custodial Operations J ul/Aug 46 Shader, Scott (with A. Vaughn). MU's Early Space-Planning Computerization ov/Dec 49 Shawn, Eric. Book review of Enviro11111 r111al Remediation Eslimating Methods Nov/Dec 61 Sippial, Charles A. Sr. Y2K Embedded Base Systems: Will It Become Your Nightmare? Sep/Oct 19 Smith, Ed. Does APPA Belong in K-12? You Bet It Does! Sep/Oci 26 Spoonemore, L. Joe. AAPPA Trip Re port Jan/Feb 42 ---. Annual Report: President-Elect J ul/Aug 3 Suter, William G. Book review of The Leaming Revolution Sep/Oct 55 Swisher, Kevin. Book review of Energy Projects Deshbooli Jul/Aug 64 Torrez, Johnny. Pacific Coast Region 1997 Report Jan/Feb 10 Vahle, Kirby L. Book review of Managing Higher Education as a Business May/Jun 46 ' Learn Ways to,,,

Operate Your Central Plant/District Ener­ gy System More Efficiently!

12th Annual IDEA College/ University Conference

February 10-12, 1999

Hosted by LSU Medical Center

Chateau Sonesta Hotel ·

New Orleans, Louisiana

Program ... industry suppliers! This is a great opportunity for This conference is for those college/university pro­ the college and university attendees to see and hear about the latest technology and services available to fessionals who operate or are considering installa­ help keep your system operating more efficiently. tion of a district heating, cooling or cogeneration system and for consultants and others involved For a copy of the registration brochure and with campus district energy systems. The technical more information, contact: sessions will focus on problems and solutions International District Energy Association applicable to a campus environment as identified 1200 19th Street, NW, Suite 300 by the College/University Forum of IDEA. Key Washington, DC 20036-2422 people having experience in the subject areas (202) 429-5111 phone will provide information on new technologies and (202) 429-5113 fax E-mail: [email protected] design approaches. http://www.districtenergy.org Cutting-Edge Technology ... INTERNATIONAL For the fourth year, this conference will feature 15 DISTRICT ENERGY table top exhibits representing some of the leading • ASSOCIATION HVACR Multimedia Technical Training

1 800 664-6344 (eastern tim e) www.perfectimm.com The Energy/Environmental Merry-Go-Round by Stratton C. Schaeffer, P.E.

management, and emerging sultants, and suppliers of power days when Gone are the technologies. He or she must also plants equipment. In addition, CIBO operating campus power plants and keep a finger in the air to sense the has an affiliate membership of 25 utility systems was based solely on shifting winds of political correct­ universities, all APPA members. engineering economics and operat­ ness on campus and in the halls of CIBO's mission is to promote the ing experi ence. The 1960s' government. In short, the modem maximum exchange of information amendments to the Clean Air Act physical plant director must have the with its membership and between were a powerful wakeup call. Sud­ wisdom of Solomon, the patience of members and government. This in­ denly we were forced to shift the J ob, and the luck of the Irish. But formation concerns policies, laws, management of Btus on campus shucks folks, if it was easy, anybody and regulations relating to energy from straight conservation and avail­ could do it and we might all be out and the environment. CIBO also ability to a more balanced approach chasing ambulances or running for promotes information exchange integrating environmental concerns. public offi ce. that improves reliability and cost­ Our traditional methods of selecting Thanks to the talent of the APPA effectiveness of members' power energy resources and technologies membership, a good job has been plants, through technical became outmoded with the environ­ done to keep campus systems reli­ interchange and advocacy. mental movement. For instance, able, operating economically, and in By monitoring the activities of operating practices were modified at environmental compliance. Howev­ CIBO and other common cause asso­ great expense to minimize three cul­ er, there is a growing school of ciations through our APPA members, prit.5--nitrogen oxides, particulate, thought among the membership that we can alert our entire APPA mem­ and sulfur oxides, more commonly defensive management in reacti on to bership of pending energy/ referred to by the boiler operators as outside forces is not the most effec­ environmental activities in Washing­ NOX, ROCKS, and SOCKS. ti ve method of minimizing costs ton and the local level. These A decade passed and we were just while maximizing reliability. The activities do not always impact our getting our sea legs when life was new sentiment is to more actively campuses in a negative fashion. To further complicated by a handful of monitor pending legislati on and the contrary, the deregulation of the oil-producing countries who poli cies that negatively impact phys­ natural gas and more recently the proceeded to control the price and ical plant operati ons. The old adage electric utility industry, wi ll have a supply of international oil. Our cam­ that an ounce of prevention is worth positive impact on our method of pus operations were then whiplashed a pound of cure is applicable. Edu­ purchasing or generating energy on between the environmental move­ cating politicians and bureaucrats to campus. The technical exchange ment and the exploding cost of the adverse impact of their proposed among CIBO members has already energy. Thus was born a new breed of activities is more effective than benefitted university affiliates. Our facilities manager. changing laws and policies chiseled goal is to expand this benefit to the Today's manager, in addition to in stone. entire APPA membership. being a good operating engineer, is APPA plans to better inform the In future issues of this magazine, expected to have knowledge of inter­ membership of pending activities we will alert the APPA membership national marketplace trends, that impact the operation of campus to pending legislation and policies al environmental science, energy systems. To accomplish this, several the national and local level. We will national associations where APPA also alert our membership to on­ Stratto11 "Lefty" Sdiaeffer is a members are active in energy/envi­ going activities by other professional cons ulting engineer based in West ronmental issues will be monitored. organizations where information Fairview, Pennsylvania. He can be One organization is the Council of sharing on common cause issues can reached at 717-732-0776. He is Industrial Boiler Owners (CIBO). become an important tool in our writing liere as a representative of The membership of CIBO includes daily operations and long range cam­ the Council of Industrial Boiler 75 industrial organizations pus strategy. .i Owners. representing owners, designers, con- Facility A .-.,..;,a--M a n a g e m e n t Recycling Space by Matthew C. Adams, P.E.

and educational programs have to meet market demand. This each year Several times changed as well. demand is created by both industry one or more administrators or the All of the new s tandards improve (the ones hiring the graduates) as provost survey the fac iliry stock. the quality of education fo r students well as the new students themselves Each time they look for more use­ while drastically exacerbating exist­ (education is now a "right" and they able space. It's almost a cliche to ing shortages of space. The cost to are particular buyers). This higher suggest that there is never enough. construct new space to fill the need standard now extends to the other Today, this old slogan is becoming is prohibitive. The resulting reduc­ 2,400 insti tutions of higher learning more and more real. The last of tion in measured classroom and it has had a profound effect. "Generation X" and the new "Gener­ utilization created by new space also This new dynamic affects space in­ ation Y" students are quite particular seems blatantly wasteful. The sensi­ ventories in two signifi cant ways: about their education. Some ble way to meet this new demand is Space used fo r years in a traditional programs like education or to closely examine the existing in­ course of study must be altered to engineering remain popular while ventories. Proper analysis reveals serve a radically new "market sensi­ others are redesigned to be more new possibilities fo r the reuse or re­ tive" program, and the ratios of specialized. Art studies as a major is cycling of current space. almost every resource (faculty, too general and now is hroken down Prior to the current scramble by teaching assistants, computer hard­ into Computer Graphic Design or many institutions to reinvent them­ ware, desk space, etc.) to the Art Therapy or other niches. Some selves in order to remain number of students must be middle-sized lo smaller institutions competitive, one segment had previ­ decreased considerably. are even forced to abandon dated ously figured out this changing As the Business Communication programs and replace them with market's demands. The community Program expands and the Home more "market sensitive" courses. colleges have always operated with a Economics Program contracts, the This year, fo r the first time in his­ nimbleness that allowed the fl exibil­ space is altered and reused. Unfo rtu­ tory, over 15 million students are ity to alter or invent new programs nately, old space is not always easy enrolled in our colleges. The num­ ber will continue to increase for al least the next five years by as much Table 1. Space Recycle Analysis as 200,000 per year. The physical demand created by this enormous population of students is profound. Old Home Economics Lab Recycled into Possible ew Business Even 15 years ago, when class en­ rollments of 100, 200, or more were Communications Lab common, this demand would be a 30 stations per classroom faculty 15 stations per classroom faculry problem. However, the physical standards of learning have changed, Fixed tables Modular computer stations Moderate noise control High level of sound attenuation

Minimum HVAC capacity Air changes suitable for p.c. lab Matt Adams is president of TI,e Adams Consulting Group, a Adjacent to English Depanment Adjacent to English and Informa tion Systems ,nanagemenU engineering consulting Jinn located in Atlanta, Georgia, One faculty office per class One faculry and one small I.A. office per class speda/izj11g in die facility One network connection per class 17 network connections per classroom maintenance and management within higher education, school districts, Two electrical outlets per class mtd odter institutions. He can be and office Modular connections for each p.c. readied at [email protected] .

J.1nu.11,/I .-hru.11\ i <)l)<) I .1uli11t·~ \l,1 11.1gn h > to recycle. At least 30 percent of the • Upgrade the technological capaci­ estimated fo r "tum-key" technology nation's building stock was ty of th e space: Almost wi thout upgrades for adequate input into the constructed prior LO 1960. The flexi­ exception, space constructed 10 or decision process. ble classroom design was not widely more years ago is in need of technol­ •Repartition the space: A shortage embraced at the time. Entire build­ ogy upgrades for any use. In of office space and an abundance of ings were built LO meet the physical particular is the need for multiple inappropriately sized classrooms are needs of programs that today are no campus network connections-ide­ common campus space issues. Mov­ longer popular. ew cons truction is ally one per student or occupant if able offi ce partitions and fo lding the obvious solution but not practi­ not classroom space. Other improve­ class partitions offer easy options fo r cal. The only way to make use of old ments might be fume hoods, larger spaces that require increased space is to specifically test its ability modular service connections, densiL}~ The physical structure may to be recycled. Each space demand Audio/video projection equipment, prevent this in relation LO nawral is clearly defined and compared with and program specific equipment lighting, sound control, or egress. the physical analysis of available (Berkeley desks for Graphics design Space with insurmountable physical "reusable" space. For example: programs). Upgrading the technolo­ constraints preventing repartitioning This type of analysis is appropri­ gy of space is costl y. However, the is inventoried as a "low reuse" stock. ate in maximizing the utilization of new technology costs are present in Space that readily allows partition­ existing space inventories. In this new construction as well. The con­ ing remains an active consideration way, the wish-list is paired with the straint for this upgrade is often to avoid new construction. Cost is current physical description. The physical. Some space is very hard LO rarely a constraint fo r this considera­ next step is LO identify the basic ac­ rewire. The cooling capacity of the tion. tions required LO reuse space and associated system may not allow •Replace f urniture and.fixtures: Lab qualify their availability. In the most new electrical equipment. The elec­ benches, fume hoods, sinks, safety basic sense there are only a few ac­ tri cal distribution to the space may showers, and other fi xtures are ex­ tions that can affect the space. They also be inadequate. Identification of pensive LO install and sometimes are as follows. insurmountable constraints is cou­ difficult to remove. However, in pled with summarized cost comparison to new construction, the cost may be more practical. By quali­ fying the existing furniture and the potential and costs associated with 24-Hour On-Call refilling, the reuse potential of the Emergency space is revealed. Sunk costs are Engineering lost. The cost to remove a dry-lab bench in order to create a computer Assistance classroom is better that constructing that classroom fo r one to two hun­ dred dollars per square foot. PE Each possible recycle comparison illustrates, on paper, the relative fea­ If you find yourself in an emergency situation, call us. sibility of altering the space for new We're here and we're ready to use. In earlier years, space was con­ help. It's another way of sidered for reuse in only less extending our quality intensive forms, e.g. large engineering services to classrooms were divided into several institutions across the country. offi ces. The great demand for more www.stanleygroup.com intensive and technologically mod­ em space requires the option of recycling space into more intensive uses. The costs of new construction is much less often justified when Stanley Consultants 1Nc. objective analysis of existing space A 1,nyG,oup eo,,po,y ~-,vd(onsuua,ons«,i(,s. - inventories is utilized. i AUSTIN• CHICAGO • DENVER • IOWA CITY • DES MOINES • LAS VEGAS MINNEAPOLIS • MUSCATINE• PHOENIX • SALT LAKE CITY• WEST PALM BEACH your maintenance department today•••

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or more infonnation on APPA APPA Regional Meetings fndustrial Boiler Owners, 703-250- seminars and program , contact 9042. Fthe APPA Education Depart­ ept. 26-29--AAPPA Regional Meet­ Apr. 7-~lobalCon '99. Denver, ment at 703-684-1446. ext. 230 or ext. ing. Wellington ew Zealand. CO. Contact the As ociation of Ener­ 23 1. Sept. 26-29--MAPPA Regional gy Engineers. 770-447-5083. February 1-B--Leadership Skills Meeting. otre Dame, lN. Apr. 11-16-- 1999 JEEEIPES: Academy: Professional Skills. Col­ October 3-5-ERAPPA Regional Transmission and Distribution Con­ lege Park, MD. Meeting. Ocean City. MD. f erence and Exposition. New March 14-19--Leadership Skills October 3-5--PCAPPA Regional Orlean , LA. Contact the Entergy Academy: Individual Effectiveness Meeting. Las Vegas, NV. Corporation, 504-576-2400 Skills. Stanford. CA. October 6-10--RMA Regional Meet­ Apr. 21-22-Winning at Deregula­ April 11-16--Leadership Skills ing. Albuquerque, NM. tion: Measurement & Verification for Academy: Orga11i_zational Skills. October 10-14-CAPPA Regional Load Profiling. Atlantic City, NJ. Not.re Dame, IN. Meeting. San Antonio, TX. Contact the A ociation of Energy June 20-22 --1999 Educatio11al Con­ October 23-26--SRAPPA Regional Engineers, 770-447-5083. f erence & 86th Annual Meeting. Meeting. Biloxi, MS. Apr. 25-27--FM'99: Productivity-­ Cincinnati, OH. How is it Defined, Measured and September 12-11--lnstitute for Other Events Impacted? ISFE's 16th Annual Con­ Facilities Management. Montreal. ference. Cambridge, MA. Contact the Canada. Feb. 16-19--2nd Conference for International Society of Facilities July 16-18, 2000--2000 Educational Canadian APPA. Calgary. Alberta, Executives, 978-536-0 I08 . Conference & 87th Annual Meeting. Canada. May 4-5-FEDFacilities '99. Wash­ Fort Worth, TX. Mar. 15-17--NOx Control Xll. ington, DC. Contact FEMP, 800-73 1- Durham. C. Contact the Council of 6 106. May 17-18-0perations & Mainte­ nance Management. Chicago. lL. Contact Amy Tilton or icole Ray ai Index of Advertisers FEMP, 509-372-4368 May 19-21-- 1999 International ABM Industries ...... b lnncrface Arch11cc1ural 1gnage ....33 ARCHJBUSIFM Users' Conference. Ame rican Thc m,al Products. Inc. . .. 3 I E Corporation . . 28 San Diego, CA. Contact ARCHIBUS, ANADAC. .36 Johnson Controls. Inc. . ..3 -+ -35 6 17-338-10 11. APPA Publications ...... 5-+ L1Sal lc Group ...... 1-+ June 1-3--The 1999 Electrical Code (#8191). Orlando, FL. Contact Katie Ascens ion .. 36 Lockneucs Security Engeemnng . . -+0 Peter on, Univer iry of Wi consin­ Asset\Vorks. Inc. .Cover 2 McCoun Manufacturing ...... -+2 Madi on, 800-462-0876. Ca ll 2-+ \\"ireless Call Box vstem ....6 Midloth ian Inc . . 10 June 2-5-0ntario APPA Annual CES/\\'ar ...... I 7 Nm I lo m :ons Technologies ...... I ➔ Meeting. Lakehead Univer ity. Contracung Alte rnatives .. .53 Pcrfcctimm Inc ..... 63 Ontario, Canada. CSL Inc Ennronmcntal Product ...3 1 Pris m Computer Corporauon ...Co , cr ➔ June 12-15-90th Annual IDEA DATA S\'Slem . . .-+6 Process & <;y~1ems Innovations . . . 20 Conference & Trade Show. Boston, Delu,-e Home or PA ...... 5 ProS1op Bollards 23 MA. Contact rDEA, 202-429-51 11 . DnThcrm ...... over 3 ltS. Mean~ Companr Inc ...... 26 June 17-88--West Coast Energy Frazier Associates ... 27 Sta nier Cons ultants. Inc...... 66 Management Congress '99. Anaheim, George 8. \\'n gh1 Co...... 55 Stro b1c Air 59 CA. Contact the Association of Ener­ Hea1 crah ... 27 \ 'BK Consult111g Group . 60 gy Engineer . 770-447-5083. July 17-18--Life Cycle Costing. lDFA ..6 2 Tt\lA )Sie m ~. Inc. 67 Rockville, MD. Contact Amy Tilton Informed of1warc ...... •..... 12 Wh11cstonc .21 or Nicole Ray at FEMP, 509-372- 4520. Ori Therm® Underground Pipe Insulation/ Corrosion Protection

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