964

Index

Page locators in bold indicate tables. Page locators in italics indicate figures. This index uses letter‐by‐letter alphabetization.

a fungal 698, 701, 716 abdominocentesis 696, 713–715, abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis glucose 679, 680, 702, 704, 782–783 advanced and other diagnostic 718, 721 ABK see acute bullous keratopathy techniques 721 gross evaluation 715 abscesses bacteria 698, 701–702, 701, hemorrhagic effusions 671, 675, kidney 462–463 716–717, 717 704–705, 705, 720 ocular cytology of the horse 222, bile peritonitis and bilothorax 675, horses 713–726 227, 227, 229, 232 677, 706–707, 706–707 immunocytochemistry 57 pancreas 448 biomedical research and toxicity impact of collection method prostate 520 studies 939 714–715, 714 rabbits 767, 767, 772 calcareous corpuscles 699, 699 laboratory evaluation 696 stromal abscess 232 camelids 805, 806 lactate 678, 679, 680, 702, 704, acantholysis 105–106, 105 carboxymethylcellulose 720 718, 721 accidental enterocentesis/ cats 695–712 microbiologic review of cytology rumenocentesis 793, 793 cattle 782–783 samples 19 acetate tape impression 97 cell counts 695, 699–701, 715–716 microscopic examination 697–699, acid‐fast stains 672 cestodiasis 699, 699 698–699 acinar cell carcinoma 448–450 chylous effusions 675, 678, 690, neoplasia 695, 696, 703–704, 704, ACTH see adrenocorticotropic 705–706, 706, 719–720 718–719, 718, 720 hormone classification of effusions 699–701, nonhuman primates 822, 822 actin 254 715–716 normal cytology 695, 715 actin, smooth muscle 246 clinical signs and indications peritonitis 701–702 Actinomyces spp. 19, 788, 788 695–696 protozoa 698, 698 bone 251 complications 704, 706, 714–715 pyothorax 702, 702 ferret 748 concepts and definitions 695 Rivalta test 703 acute bullous keratopathy (ABK) 212 conditions diagnosed by cytology in COPYRIGHTEDroutine stains and automated MATERIAL adenocarcinoma cats 701–707 stainers 13 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis conditions diagnosed by cytology in sample collection 696, 713–715, 714 in horses 719 dogs 701–707 septic peritonitis 19, 675, 678–679, esophagus 381–382 conditions diagnosed by cytology in 680, 701–702 exotic companion mammals 757 horses 715–720 total protein, specific gravity, and intestines and rectum 398, 398, dogs 695–712 cellularity 695, 715 401, 401 exudates 700–701, 701–702, transudates 699–700, 716 mammary glands 582, 584–585, 716–718, 717 uroabdomen, urothorax, and 585, 590 feline infectious peritonitis 679, uroperitoneum 678, 707, 720 nonhuman primates 811, 816 703, 703 volume 695, 715 ocular cytology of the horse 228, foals 715 abdominal examination 380 229, 234, 235

Veterinary Cytology, First Edition. Edited by Leslie C. Sharkey, M. Judith Radin, and Davis Seelig. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

0004826143.INDD 964 7/14/2020 7:12:37 PM Index 965

ovaries 511, 512, 514 adrenocorticotropic hormone nonneoplastic disorders of the liver prostate 517–519, 518, 518 (ACTH) 632 424, 425 rabbits 768, 777 Aelurostrongylus spp. 292 ocular cytology of the horse 228, 228 sheep and goats 931–932 aerobic culture 732, 741 amyloid‐producing odontogenic tumors stomach 385–386, 385 agarose gel 75 (APOT) 368 upper respiratory tract of the dog and age 263–264, 419–421 ANAE see alpha naphthyl acetate esterase cat 270–271, 271 AHS see airway hypersensitivity anaerobic culture 732, 741 uterus 568–569, 569 airway hypersensitivity (AHS) 310 Anaplasma spp. 716 adenoma albumin quotient (AQ) 639, 657 ANBE see alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase adrenal adenoma 610–611, 611, 612 alcian blue stain 62–63 angioleiomyosarcoma 383 central nervous system 632 alcohol fixation 76 angioma 346–347 exotic companion mammals 755 algal infections angiosarcoma hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer fecal cytology 408 ocular cytology of the horse 228–229 staging 438, 438 fish 891–892, 901 soft tissue sarcomas 167–168, 168 ocular cytology of the horse 225 intestines and rectum 402 spleen 346–347 parathyroid glands 600–603, 603 ocular cytology of the dog 197–198 anisocytosis pituitary adenoma 632 upper respiratory tract of the dog and kidney 460 thyroid gland 602–603 cat 269 mammary glands 589–590 uterus 568 alizarin red S 62 melanoma 159–160 adenomatous polyps 382, 385 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) nonneoplastic disorders of the adenomyosis 566 bone and periarticular structures 252 liver 415 adenosquamous carcinoma 382 cytochemistry 63, 64 urinary bladder 469 adhesive tape preparation 98, 100 immunocytochemistry 50, 52 anisokaryosis adipose tissue 126 alpha naphthyl acetate esterase kidney 460 adnexa (ANAE) 61 mammary glands 589–590 ocular cytology of the cat 205–206, alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase melanoma 159–160 206, 207–208, 209, 216 (ANBE) 61 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver ocular cytology of the dog Alternaria spp. 308–309 419–420, 420 188–189, 189 ameloblastoma 368 urinary bladder 469 ocular cytology of the horse AMH see anti‐Müllerian hormone antigen retrieval (AR) 51–52 222–225, 223, 225–228, 229 ammonium urate crystals 958 anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) 509, adnexal neoplasms 225, 768 amorphous phosphate crystals 956 514–515 adrenal gland 608–615, 611–612, 612 amphibians 869–875 antisperm antibodies (ASA) 501 adrenal adenoma 610–611, 611, 612 body cavities and fluid analysis 873 anucleated keratinized epithelial adrenal carcinoma 610–611, 612 clinical settings 869 cells 946 adrenalitis 610 conditions evaluated by cytology AO see atlanto‐occipital conditions diagnosed by cytology 869–874 apicomplexan protozoans 24 609–612 gastrointestinal and liver apocrine cysts and neoplasms cysts 612 873–874, 874 118–119, 124–125 extramedullary hematopoiesis 611, general information 869 apocrine ductular adenoma 117, 612, 612 hemolymphatic 873 118–119, 119, 120, 124–125 incidentaloma 608, 610 hyperplasia and neoplasia 872–873 apocrine ductular carcinoma metastatic neoplasia 612 infectious and inflammatory conditions 118–119, 124 myelolipoma 611, 612 870–874, 870–872, 874 apocrine hidrocystoma/cystadenoma normal histological architecture and respiratory 873 118–119, 205–206, 209 cytology 609 sample collection and applications of apocrine secretory adenoma 118–119 pheochromocytoma 610–611, 611, cytology 869 apocrine secretory carcinoma/ 612, 718 skin and subcutis 869–873 adenocarcinoma 118–119 sample collection 608–609 Amphibiocystidium spp. 872, 872 apoptosis adrenalitis 610 amyloid 839 fish 880–881, 880 adrenocortical adenoma 610–611, amyloidosis nonneoplastic disorders of the liver 611–612, 612 419, 419

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APOT see amyloid‐producing biomedical research and toxicity BAL see bronchoalveolar lavage odontogenic tumors studies 958 Balantidium spp. 402 AQ see albumin quotient bone and periarticular structures 251 balloon cell melanoma 160 aqueocentesis 185–187, 215 camelids 801–803 Bartonella spp. 325, 690 aqueous humor cattle 786–792, 790 basal cell tumors 768 ocular cytology of the cat 207–208, cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses basal cell carcinoma 117, 118–119 214–215 and large animals 658–659 basal cell epithelioma 117, 118–119 ocular cytology of the dog 196–198, cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog basilar epithelial neoplasms 117–120, 196–197 and cat 643–644, 644 118–119, 119 ocular cytology of the horse ear 180–181, 181 basophilic cells 458, 459 233–234, 234 exotic companion mammals 748, Batrachochytrium spp. 871–872, 872 AR see antigen retrieval 752, 754–759 BCR‐ABL translocation 89–90 artificial insemination 573 fecal cytology 408, 409 benign neoplasia ASA see antisperm antibodies fish 881–884, 882, 883–884, 895–896, dermal and subcutaneous masses 126 Aspergillus spp. 900, 903–904, 908–910, 912–913 esophagus and stomach 382, ear cytology 180 fluid analysis 678–679, 679, 680 385, 385 lower respiratory tract of the dog and inflammatory skin conditions kidney 459–461 cat 286 101–102, 102 mammary glands 583–584, 586–588, ocular cytology of the horse invertebrates 925–926 587–588 227, 230 lymph nodes 324–325 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 189, respiratory cytology of the horse mammary glands 584, 586–587, 590 194–194, 195, 195, 199 308–309 microbiologic review of cytology pancreas 448 upper respiratory tract of the dog and samples 18–20, 19 pericardial fluid analysis 689 cat 266 nonhuman primates 813, 813, prostate 516–517 urine cytology 492 817–822 urinary bladder 470 assay validation 53 ocular cytology of the cat 206, uterus 568, 568 astrocytes 621 207–208, 209, 212, 214, 216, 216 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) astrocytoma 622, 623, 624 ocular cytology of the dog 188–190, 515–516, 517, 520 atlanto‐occipital (AO) technique 656 190, 194, 197, 198, 199 BFG see blood‐to‐fluid glucose difference autoimmune disease of the eye ocular cytology of the horse 226, bile 418, 424–425 188–189, 194 229–230, 230, 232, 234 see also hepatobiliary neoplasia and autoimmune skin diseases 104–106 oral cytology 361–362, 363, 364, cancer staging cutaneous lupus erythematosus 106 366, 370 bile peritonitis 675, 677, 706–707, feline miliary dermatitis 104–105 pericardial fluid 690 706–707 pemphigus foliaceus 101, rabbits 767–768, 773, 775 biliary adenoma/cystadenoma 438, 438 105–106, 105 reptiles and birds 832–833, 833, 843, biliary carcinoma 438–439, 439 avian adenoviruses 834, 837 845, 849, 853, 855 biliary effusions 675, 677, 706–707, avian circoviruses 833, 836 respiratory cytology of the horse 706–707 avian herpesviruses 834–836, 838 308, 310 bilirubin crystals 956 avian polyomaviruses 836–837, sheep and goats 930–933 bilothorax 706–707, 706–707 837, 863 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and biomarkers avian poxviruses 833–834, 836 cat 730, 732 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis azurophils 829–830, 830 synovial fluid analysis of the horse in horses 721 738–739, 739, 741 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses b upper respiratory tract of the dog and and large animals 661 bacterial infections cat 261–262, 263, 266 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis urinary bladder 474–475 and cat 646, 647 in dogs and cats 698, 701–702, urine cytology 480, 481–482, pericardial fluid analysis 691 701–702 489, 490 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis uterus 570–573 cat 733 in horses 716–717, 717 bacterial pneumonia 290–291, synovial fluid analysis of the amphibians 870–871, 870–871 291, 311 horse 741

0004826143.INDD 966 7/14/2020 7:12:37 PM Index 967

biomedical research and toxicity studies blepharitis Brucella spp. 541, 557 939–963 ocular cytology of the cat 205 buffy coat preparations 671 bronchoalveolar lavage 939, ocular cytology of the dog 188–189, Burkholderia spp. 214–215 940–943, 942 191 cells and stages of the estrous cycle ocular cytology of the horse 222 c 946–949, 947–948 blood contamination 641, 958 CAA see canine acanthomatous cerebrospinal fluid analysis 939, blood films 671, 674, 679 ameloblastoma 943–944 blood smear technique 5 CAEV see caprine arthritis encephalitis concepts and definitions 939–940 blood‐to‐fluid glucose difference virus drug efficacy and inhalation studies (BFG) 702 calcareous corpuscles 699, 699 940–943, 942 blood‐to‐fluid lactate difference 702 calcinosis circumscripta (CC) fluid analysis 939–945, 942 BLV see bovine leukemia/leukosis virus dermal and subcutaneous masses nonhuman primates 949–950 bone and periarticular structures 131–132, 132 peritoneal fluid analysis 943 249–257 nonhuman primates 811 rats and mice 945–949, 947–948, 947 bone and cartilage 249–254, oral cavity 368, 372 semen 950–951, 951–952, 951 250–251, 253 calcium carbonate crystals 956 synovial fluid analysis 945 cattle 787–788, 788 calcium oxalate crystals 464, 956 urine sediment analysis 952–958, exotic companion mammals 751 calcium phosphate crystals 956 955, 956, 957 fish 895–899, 896–899 calcium pyrophosphate deposition vaginal cytology 945–950, inflammation 251–252, 251 disease (CPDD) 732 947–948, 947 microbiologic review of cytology Call‐Exner bodies 504, 505, 507, 512 biopsy samples 21 camelids 800–808 adrenal gland 608 neoplasms 252–254, 253, 255 central nervous system 805, 805 central nervous system neoplasia in normal cytology 249 clinical settings 800 the dog and cat 619 periarticular tissue 254, 255 conditions diagnosed by cytology inflammatory skin conditions 100–101 rabbits 772 801–805 intestines and rectum 395 reptiles and birds 846–847, 848 ear and eye 801–803, 802 kidney 457–458 sample collection 249 fluid analysis 800, 803, 805, 806 lymph nodes 319–320 bone marrow 61, 940 gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreas mammary glands 585, 587–588 Bordetella spp. 262, 284, 286 804, 804 oral cavity 362–363 botyroid rhabdomyosarcoma 472 lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen 804 sample collection 4 bovine leukemia/leukosis virus (BLV) musculoskeletal 803 upper respiratory tract of the dog and 354, 785–786, 789 reproductive 804–805 cat 264–265 bovine papilloma virus (BPV) 173 respiratory 803–804, 803 uterus 560–561, 560 BPH see benign prostatic hyperplasia sample collection and applications of see also histology/histopathology BPV see bovine papilloma virus cytology 800–801 biosafety 669 BRAF 90–91, 487 skin and subcutis 801 birds see reptiles and birds branchial cysts 354 urinary tract 804 bladder see urinary bladder breeding management 553–554, 553–554 uterus 572 Blastocystis spp., nonhuman primates bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) CANARA see canine androgen receptor 21, 21, 816, 816 biomedical research and toxicity assay Blastomyces spp. studies 939, 940–943, 942 Candida spp. bone 251 cattle 782, 789 abdominal and thoracic fluid lower respiratory tract of the dog and lower respiratory tract of the dog and analysis 698, 701 cat 291 cat 283–289, 287–289, 287 ear cytology 180 lymph nodes 324 nonhuman primates 813–814 esophagus 384 microbiologic review of cytology rabbits 772 gastric 387 samples 21, 21 respiratory cytology of the horse microbiologic review of cytology testes 508 302–312, 305, 307 samples 23 upper respiratory tract of the dog and routine stains and automated ocular cytology of the horse 230, 231 cat 267 strainers 12, 14 urine cytology 490, 491 urine cytology 491, 493 sheep and goats 929, 931 uterus 571

0004826143.INDD 967 7/14/2020 7:12:37 PM 968 Index

canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma synovial fluid analysis of the dog and commercially available kits 75–76 (CAA) 368, 369–371, 372 cat 729 concepts and definitions 73 canine androgen receptor assay thyroid gland 598, 599–602, 600–602 diagnostic veterinary pathology 73 (CANARA) 82 upper respiratory tract of the dog and embedding materials 74–75 canine bacterial keratitis 20 cat 270–271, 271 fixation method and material 76 canine distemper virus (CDV) 474, 748 urine cytology 485–487, 486–487 gelatin‐foam method 75 canine eosinophilic granuloma 107– carcinoma in situ 401 histogel method 75 108, 107 carcinosarcoma 589, 601–602 needle rinse method 74 canine herpesvirus‐1 (CHV‐1) 189, 191 cardiac disease 690, 716 preparation techniques 73–76 canine juvenile cellulitis 188–189 cardiac muscle 246 tissue clot methods 74 canine lymphoma 91, 129–130, cardiac troponin‐I (cTn‐I) 691 Cellient method™ 76 130, 631 CASA see computer‐assisted sperm cell proliferation 881 canine pododermatitis 108–109 analysis cell tube blocks 672–673 canine prostate specific esterase case reports 32 cellular degeneration (CPSE) 520 case series 32 kidney 458–459, 460 canine septic arthritis 20 casts 954–955 nonneoplastic disorders of the canine skin 116–117, 116 catheterization 481 liver 419 capillary sampling 3–4 cattle 782–799 testes 509 caprine arthritis encephalitis virus applications and collection methods cellularity (CAEV) 658 782–784, 783 abdominal and thoracic fluid 695, carbohydrates 62–63 central nervous system 782, 699–701, 715–716 carcinoids 792–793, 792 microbiologic review of cytology hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer clinical settings 782 samples 18–19 staging 437–438, 437 conditions diagnosed by synovial fluid analysis of the dog and intestines and rectum 398 cytology 785–795 cat 728, 728 lower respiratory tract of the dog and eye 786–787, 786 synovial fluid analysis of the horse cat 295 gastrointestinal and liver 736–737 carcinoma 789–790, 790 cellulitis 188–189, 216 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis infectious and inflammatory cementoma 373 in dogs and cats 703–704, 704 conditions 785, 785 central nervous system (CNS) abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis lymphatic 789 astrocytoma 622, 623, 624 in horses 719, 720 musculoskeletal 787–788, 788 camelids 805, 805 adrenal carcinoma 610–611, 612 neoplasia 785–789, 786–787 cattle 782, 792–793, 792 central nervous system 621, 622, pericardial fluid analysis 783, 795 choroid plexus tumors 622, 623, 626–627, 627, 632–633 peritoneal fluid analysis 782–783, 626–628, 627 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog 793–794, 793 embryonal/primitive and cat 646 pleural fluid analysis 783, 794–795 neuroectodermal tumors exotic companion reproductive 791–792, 792 (PNET) 622, 628–629, 629 mammals 755–756 respiratory 788–789 ependymoma 622, 625–626, 626 fluid analysis 678 skin and subcutis 785–786, 785–786 exotic companion mammals 753 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer uterus 571 fish 912–914, 912–913 staging 438–439, 439 CB see cell block gangliocytoma 622, 628 kidney 460, 461 CBC see complete blood count ganglioglioma 622, 628 mammary glands 584–585, 585, CC see calcinosis circumscripta germ cell tumors 632 588–589, 588, 590 CCLR see cranial cruciate ligament granular cell tumors 622, 632–633 nonhuman primates 814–815, rupture histiocytic sarcoma 631–632, 633 822, 823 CEH see cystic endometrial hyperplasia leukemina, infiltrating 632 ovaries 511, 512 cell block (CB) 73–78 lymphoma 628, 630–632, 633 pancreas 448–450, 449 advantages and disadvantages 73 medulloblastoma 622, 628 parathyroid glands 602–604 agarose gel method 75 meningeal/mesenchymal prostate 517–519, 518, 518 cell tube blocks 74 tumors 622, 629–630, rabbits 768–769, 774 collodion cell bag method 57 630–631, 632

0004826143.INDD 968 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM Index 969

meningioma 622, 629–630, dogs 619, 621, 621, 622, 627, ceruminous gland neoplasms 182, 182 630–631, 632 631–633, 638–654 cestodiasis 699, 699 metastatic neoplasia 621, 621, 630, eosinophilic pleocytosis 642, chemodectoma 689 632, 633 659, 659 chemotherapy miscellaneous tumors 632–633 fish 912–914, 912–913 cytogenetics 89, 91 neoplasia in the dog and cat 619–637, granulomatous plasma cell tumors 155 621, 622, 624–627, 629–631 meningoencephalomyelitis Chlamydia spp. 206, 209–211, 210 nephroblastoma 622, 628, 629 (GME) 644–645, 645 cholangiocellular adenoma/ neurocytoma 622, 628 gross evaluation 639, 642 cystadenoma 438, 438 neuroectodermal tumors 622, hemorrhage 638–640, 655, 657, 658 cholangiocellular carcinoma 623–628, 624–627 horses and large animals 655–663 438–439, 439 neuronal/neuronal glial tumors IgG index 639, 657 cholangiocytes 414, 415, 420, 421 622, 628 indications 638 cholecystocentesis 784, 791 nonhuman primates 821–822, 821 infectious agents 642, 643–644, 644, cholesterol 705–706, 840, 956–957 normal histologic architecture and 658, 658–659, 659–661 cholesteatoma 182 cytology 620–621, 620 inflammation 642, 643–645, chondroma 252 oligoastrocytoma 625 644–645 chondrosarcoma oligodendroglioma 622, intervertebral disc herniation bone and periarticular structures 623–625, 625 (IVDH) 638, 641, 642, 645–646 253, 253 pineal tumors 633 laboratory analysis 639–641, 657 exotic companion mammals 751 pituitary tumors 632 lumbrosacral technique 656 upper respiratory tract of the dog and primary neoplasia 621–633, lymphocytic pleocytosis 645 cat 272, 272 621–622, 624–627, 629–631 meningoencephalomyelitis of CHOP chemotherapy 89, 91 psammoma bodies 630, 630 unknown origin (MUO) chordoma 751, 752 rabbits 775 642, 644 Chorioptes spp. 785, 785 reptiles and birds 862 miscellaneous disorders 645–646 choroid plexus 646, 933 sample collection and preparation mononuclear pleocytosis 658, 658 choroid plexus tumors 622, 619–620 necrotizing encephalitis (NE) 626–628, 627 sheep and goats 932–933 644–645, 645 chromogenic immunocytochemistry centrocytes 320 necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE) protocol 50, 52–53 cerebral neuroblastoma 628–629 644–645 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis necrotizing meningoencephalitis 458–459, 460 albumin quotient (AQ) 639, 657 (NME) 644–645 chronic myelogenous leukemia ancillary testing 646, 660–661 neoplasia 642, 646, 660, 660 (CML) 89–90 atlanto‐occipital technique 656 neurologic disorders in dogs and chronic underlying irritation 231–232 biomarkers 646, 647, 661 cats 641–646, 642–643, 644–645 CHV‐1 see canine herpesvirus‐1 biomedical research and toxicity neurologic disorders in horses and chyloabdomen 720 studies 939, 943–944 large animals 657–660, 658–660 chylothorax 720 camelids 805, 805 neutrophilic pleocytosis 642, 645, chylous effusions cattle 782, 792–793, 792 659, 659 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis cats 619, 621, 622, 624, 630, 638–654 nonhuman primates 821–822, 821 in dogs and cats 705–706, 706 cell counts 639–641, 642, 657 protein concentrations 638–639, abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis central nervous system neoplasia in 641, 642, 644–646, 657 in horses 719–721 the dog and cat 619, 621, 621, rabbits 775 fluid analysis 675, 678 622, 624, 627–628, 630–632 sample collection and handling 638, pericardial fluid 690 components of routine CSF 655–656 ciliary body 195–196, 195, 214–215 analysis 639–641 sample quality 641 circumanal gland hyperplasia/ contraindications and sheep and goats 929, 932–933 neoplasms 118–119, complications 638 slide preparation and cytology 123–124, 124 CSF formation, functions, and 640–641 CK see cytokeratins physiology 655 steroid responsive meningitis arteritis CKD see chronic kidney disease detection of etiologic agents 660–661 (SRMA) 642, 644–645, 645 CLE see cutaneous lupus erythematosus

0004826143.INDD 969 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM 970 Index

clear cell adnexal carcinoma 123 oral cavity 364 CPSE see canine prostate specific Clinical Laboratory Improvement pancreas 445 esterase Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) sample collection 4 CQI see continuous quality 43–45 computer‐assisted sperm analysis improvement clinical observations 32 (CASA) 541–542, 950–951 cranial cruciate ligament rupture cloacal swabs 829 congestive heart failure (CHF) 716 (CCLR) 729, 732–733 clonality analysis see molecular clonality Congo red 64, 427 craniophryngioma 632 testing conjunctivitis credible sources 32 Clostridium spp. 774, 775 ocular cytology of the cat 205–212, cross‐reactivity 53 coagulopathies 556 207–208, 209–212, 217 Cryptococcus spp. Coccidioides spp. ocular cytology of the dog 188–189, bone and periarticular bone 251 190–194, 190–193 structures 251–252, 251 camelids 803 ocular cytology of the horse 222, cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog intestines and rectum 400 226–227, 227, 229–231 and cat 644, 644 lower respiratory tract of the dog and contamination lower respiratory tract of the dog and cat 291 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis cat 291 lymph nodes 324 in horses 714, 714 microbiologic review of cytology microbiologic review of cytology biomedical research and toxicity samples 22 samples 21–22, 21 studies 958 upper respiratory tract of the dog and nonhuman primates 814 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog cat 267–268, 267 coelomic cavity and cat 641 urine cytology 491, 493 fish 878–879, 879 routine stains and automated cryptorchidism 502–504, 753 invertebrates 922, 924 stainers 16 Cryptosporidium spp. 400, 409, 409 reptiles and birds 828–829, synovial fluid analysis of the dog and crystal deposition arthropathy 732 862–863, 863 cat 727–728, 732 crystalluria 480, 955–958 colic 678, 718 synovial fluid analysis of the horse CSF see cerebrospinal fluid collagenic tissue 62 736, 737, 738, 738, 740 CT see computed tomography collodion cell bag 75 continuous quality improvement cTn‐I see cardiac troponin‐I columnar cells (CQI) 43 cuboidal cells 304, 305 esophagus and stomach 381 copper 418 cutaneous histiocytoma 127–128, 128 intestines and rectum 395–396 cornea cutaneous lupus erythematosus nonneoplastic disorders of the ocular cytology of the cat 206–214, (CLE) 106 liver 415 206, 207–208, 209, 211 cutaneous lymphoma 129–131, 130 respiratory cytology of the ocular cytology of the dog 191, 192, epitheliotropic lymphoma 129–130 horse 304, 305 194–195, 194–196 equine cutaneous lymphoma combined hepatocellular and ocular cytology of the horse 223, 130–131 cholangiocellular carcinoma 435 224, 228, 228, 229–233, 230–234 non‐epitheliotropic lymphoma commissure dermatitis 20 sequestrum 207–208, 212 130, 130 complete blood count (CBC) 144 ulcer 186, 232, 192, 194, 207–208, cutaneous mast cell tumors 138–150 compound accumulation 942 209, 210, 212, 214, 217, 229–232, clinical findings 138, 139, 144–145 compound‐related crystals 958 230–232 clinical staging 143–144, 143, 145 computed tomography (CT) cornified vaginal epithelium 555, 555 cytochemistry and adrenal gland 608 corpuscles of Stannius 915 immunohistochemistry bone and periarticular cotton swabs 142, 145 structures 250 inflammatory skin conditions 98, 99 cytology 139–141, 139–141, 144–145 central nervous system neoplasia in ophthalmic/ocular cytology grading systems 141 the dog and cat 619 184–185, 186, 187 histopathology 141–142, 141, fluid analysis 668 reptiles and birds 828 144–145 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer uterine cytology 559–560 incidence 138, 144–145 staging 433 counterstaining 52–53 mast cell tumors in cats 144–145 lower respiratory tract of the dog and CPDD see calcium pyrophosphate mast cell tumors in dogs cat 282, 284 deposition disease 138–144, 139

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mast cell tumors in horses 145 lower respiratory tract of the dog and DART see developmental and molecular abnormalities 142, 145 cat 286, 286–288, 291–292 reproductive toxicology prognostic factors 142–143, 145 cytochemistry ddPCR see droplet digital polymerase proliferation markers 142 cutaneous mast cell tumors 142 chain reaction sample collection 139 general principles 58 deep oral swab 284–285 toluidine blue 140, 143–144 indications and applications 58–61, degenerative disease 243 treatment 144–145 59–60 degenerative joint disease (DJD) 729, cutaneous melanoma 159–161, sample collection and submission 61 729, 740 159–161 special staining techniques 58–64 Demodex spp. 97, 98, 102–103, 103, 108 Curschmann’s spirals 288, 307 specific cytochemical stains 61–66, dermal and subcutaneous masses 115– Cuterebra 265 61–64 137, 118–119 cutaneous plasmacytoma 151–155, cytogenetics 85–93 amphibians 869–873 152–153 animal cancers 88 apocrine and eccrine cysts and cyanuric acid 464 canine leukemia: the Raleigh neoplasms 124–125 Cyniclomyces spp. chromosome 89–90 basilar epithelial neoplasms fecal cytology 407–408, 409 canine lymphoma prognosis 91 117–120, 119 intestines and rectum 402 canine urothelial (transitional cell) benign tumors of fibrous tissue 126 urine cytology 492–493 carcinoma 90–91 calcinosis circumscripta cystadenoma 438, 438 chromosome aberrations 86–88, 87 131–132, 132 cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) chromosomes and centromere camelids 801 559, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 565, location 85–86, 86 canine transmissible venereal 566, 571, 572–573 complex numerical changes 87 tumors 128–129, 129 cystic fluid 38 complex structural changes 88 carcinomas metastatic to the skin 125 cystitis 473–475, 474 concepts and definitions 85–86, cattle 785–786, 785–786 cystocentesis 481 86–87 circumanal (perianal) gland cysts and pseudocysts current applications in canine hyperplasia and neoplasms adrenal gland 612 oncology 89–91 123–124, 124 bone and periarticular fluorescence in situ hybridization cutaneous histiocytoma 127–128, 128 structures 249–251 88, 89 cutaneous lymphoma 129–131, 130 dermal and subcutaneous 117, histiocytic malignancies 91, 254 epitheliotropic lymphoma 129–130 118–119, 120, 124, 131 historical development of diagnostic epithelium‐derived masses diagnosed lacrimal cysts 222 canine cytogenetics 88–89 by cytology 117–125 ovaries 514, 555 impact and role of cytogenetic equine cutaneous lymphoma pancreas 446 changes 88 130–131 pericardial fluid 690 karyotype for the domestic dog exotic companion mammals prostate 520, 521 86, 87 747–749, 754–757, 754, 759 reptiles and birds 837–838, 838 metaphase stage of mitosis feline progressive testes 509 85–86, 86 histiocytosis 126–127 thyroid gland 602 simple numerical changes 87 fish 881–895 uterus 559, 561, 562, 563, 564, simple structural changes 87 hematoma 131 565–566, 565, 566, 571–573 cytokeratin (CK) 57–58, 254 histiocytic diseases 126–128, 128 vaginal cytology 555 cytokines histology 115–117, 116, 119, 121 Cytauxzoon spp. 25, 26 biomedical research and toxicity hygroma 131 Cytoblock™ 75 studies 940–943 keratin‐ and squamous cell‐ cytobrush 184, 186, 559–560 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and containing masses 120–122, cytocentrifugation cat 732 121, 122 abdominal and thoracic fluid cytologic–histologic correlation 45 mesenchymal cell‐derived masses analysis 669, 671, 676, cytoplasmic inclusions 419 diagnosed by cytology 125–126 679, 696 microbiologic review of cytology cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog d samples 22 and cat 640–641 dacryodenitis 222 miscellaneous masses diagnosed by fluid analysis 669, 671 dacryops 222 cytology 131–132, 132

0004826143.INDD 971 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM 972 Index

dermal and subcutaneous masses (cont’d) urinary bladder 474 Eimeria spp., rabbits 775, 776 non‐epitheliotropic lymphoma DJD see degenerative joint disease EIPH see exercise‐induced pulmonary 130, 130 DLBCL see diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma hemorrhage nonhuman primates 810–811, DNA integrity 542 electron microscopy 247, 541 810–811 Dracunculus spp. 25–26, 27 ELISA see enzyme‐linked rabbits 766–771, 767 draining lymph nodes 331–332 immunosorbent assay reactive and hyperplastic lesions 125 Draschia spp. 388 embryonal carcinoma 505 reptiles and birds 840–845, droplet digital polymerase chain embryonal nephroma 777 842–844 reaction (ddPCR) 90 embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 245 routine stains and automated drug‐induced cystitis 473–474 embryonal tumors 628–629, 629 strainers 12, 15 DTM see dermatophyte test medium EMH see extramedullary hematopoiesis sample collection 3–4, 6, 115 dysgerminoma 513 emphysematous cystitis 474–475 sebaceous gland hyperplasia and dysplasia 483–487, 586–587 EN see eosin–nigrosin neoplasms 117, 122–123, 123 Encephalitozoon spp. 771, 776 seroma 131 e encrusting cystitis 475 sheep and goats 930 ear cytology 179–183 endocrine system 914–915 superficial squamous cell bacterial infections 180–181, 181 endocrine tumors 750 masses 120–122, 122 camelids 801–803 endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors of adipose tissue 126 ceruminous gland neoplasms 182, 182 568–569, 569 xanthoma 127 cholesteatoma 182 endometrial cells 559–566, 561–563, dermatofibrosis 126 clinical signs 179 565–566 Dermatophilus spp. 101–102 conditions of external canal endometrial polyps 566, 566 cattle 785, 785 diagnosed by cytology 180–182, endometrial venous aneurysms 777 nonhuman primates 810, 810 181–182 endometriosis 567, 820 dermatophytes 98–100, 102, 103, 108 diagnostic approach and normal endometritis 559, 570–572, 572 ferret 748 cytology of external canal endophthalmitis 234, 234 guinea pig 756 180, 180 endoscopic brushing 394 hedgehog 754 exotic companion mammals 751 endoscopic exfoliative cytology 380 dermatophyte test medium (DTM) 100 less common mycotic infections 180 Entamoeba spp. 402 dermoid cyst 117, 118–119, 120 Malassezia spp. 180, 181, 182 enterocentesis 714–715 desmin 246, 247 neoplasia of the ear 182, 182 enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma developmental and reproductive nonhuman primates 811–812 (EATL) 396 toxicology (DART) studies 939 noninfectious inflammatory diseases enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) 789 developmental lesions 567, 567 181–182 enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma 931–932 diagnostic accuracy 343–344 normal histologic architecture 179 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay diagnostic reproducibility 31–32 Otodectes cynotis 181, 181 (ELISA) 660 diagnostic sensitivity 81, 161–162 parasitic infestations 181, 181 eosin–nigrosin (EN) stains 535 diagnostic specificity 81, 161–162 polyps 182 eosinophilic colitis/proctitis 401 diagnostic yield 6–8 reptiles and birds 845–846, 845 eosinophilic dermatitides 106–108, 107 DIC see differential interference contrast sample collection and slide eosinophilic enterocolitis 400 differential cell count 306 preparation 179, 180 eosinophilic esophagitis 384 differential interference contrast (DIC), sheep and goats 930 eosinophilic gastritis 389 semen 535 eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) 659 eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma EATL see enteropathy‐associated T‐cell 104, 106–107, 107, 365 (DLBCL) 327–328, 328, 630 lymphoma eosinophilic inflammation Dioctophyma spp. 493, 494 EBC see evidence‐based cytology general approach to diagnostic Dirofilaria immitus 292 EBL see enzootic bovine leukosis cytology 36 direct immunocytochemistry eccrine cysts/neoplasms 124–125 lower respiratory tract of the dog and protocols 51, 51 EDTA see ethylenediaminetetraacetic cat 289, 289 distemper acid nonneoplastic disorders of the liver exotic companion mammals 748 EEE see eastern equine encephalitis 422, 423 ocular cytology of the dog EGC see eosinophilic granuloma complex respiratory cytology of the horse 190–191, 191 EHV see equine herpesvirus 310–311

0004826143.INDD 972 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM Index 973

eosinophilic keratitis 232, 232 apocrine and eccrine cysts and evidence‐based cytology (EBC) 30–34 eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis neoplasms 124–125 application of evidence 33 210–211, 210–211 basilar epithelial neoplasms credible sources 32 eosinophilic pleocytosis 659, 659 117–120, 119 defining evidence‐based cytology 31 eosinophilic synovitis 731, 740 carcinomas metastatic to the defining evidence‐based medicine 30 eosinophils skin 125 diagnostic reproducibility 31–32 abdominal and thoracic fluid 677, circumanal (perianal) gland examples of evidence‐based 678, 697, 700, 715, 717, 719 hyperplasia and neoplasms cytology 31 cerebrospinal fluid analysis 641 123–124, 124 final outcome 33 dermatitides 106–108, 107 keratin‐ and squamous cell‐ history of evidence‐based medicine ocular cytology 192, 197, 198, 210–211, containing masses 120, 121 30–31 210–211, 227, 227, 232, 232 sebaceous gland hyperplasia and identification of evidence 32–33 reptiles and birds 830, 830 neoplasms 122–123, 123 levels of evidence 32 respiratory cytology of the horse superficial squamous cell masses transferability 33 306, 306 120–122, 122 vetting the evidence 32–33 uterine cytology 563, 570–571 EPM see equine protozoal exercise‐induced pulmonary ependymoblastoma 628–629 myeloencephalitis hemorrhage (EIPH) 311–312 ependymocytes 621 equine asthma syndrome 302, Exophiala spp. 463 ependymoma 622, 625–626, 626 309–310, 310 exotic companion mammals epistaxis 265 equine cutaneous lymphoma 130–131 747–765 epithelial cells equine eosinophilic granuloma 108 ferrets 747–753, 750, 752 biomedical research and toxicity equine herpesvirus (EHV) 302, hedgehogs 753–756, 754 studies 946, 954 309–310, 657 rodents 756–759, 758 respiratory cytology of the equine lymphoma 130–131, 331 sample collection 747 horse 305–306, 305 equine multinodular pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) urine cytology 483, 484 fibrosis 309 611, 612, 612, 344, 873 vaginal cytology 552, 555–557, equine oral lesions 372–373 extramedullary plasmacytoma 555–556 equine protozoal myeloencephalitis 151–155, 152–153 epithelial hyperplasia (EPM) 658 esophagus and stomach 382 oral cavity 361, 362, 364–366, 366, equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) 233 intestines and rectum 397 368, 371, 372 ER see estrogen receptor exudates urine cytology 483–487, 485 ERU see equine recurrent uveitis abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis epithelial neoplasia erythrocytes in dogs and cats 700–701, cattle 786 biomedical research and toxicity 701–702 exotic companion mammals 749, 757 studies 954 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis immunocytochemistry 57 fluid analysis 677 in horses 716–718, 717 intestines and rectum 398, 398 lower respiratory tract of the dog and fluid analysis 668 mammary glands 585–585, 587–590, cat 287, 287 eye, see ocular cytology 585–588 Escherichia coli 251 eyelid oral cavity 365–366, 366, 368, esophagus ocular cytology of the cat 205–206, 369–371, 372, 373 conditions diagnosed by cytology 206, 209, 216 ovaries 511 381–384 ocular cytology of the dog 188–189, pancreas 448–450 hyperplasia 381–382 189, 191, 193, 193 prostate 517–519 inflammation 383–384, 383 ocular cytology of the horse rabbits 768–769 neoplasia 382–383, 382 222–225, 223, 225–226 urinary bladder 470–471 normal histology and cytology 381 third eyelid, see nictitating membrane urine cytology 483–487, 486–487 sample collection 380 epithelioid melanoma 159 estrogen 553 f epitheliotropic lymphoma 129–130 estrogen receptor (ER) 590–591 FCoV see feline coronavirus epitheliotropic mastocytic estrous cycle 553–554, 553–555, 562, fecal cytology 407–410 conjunctivitis 211 564, 946–949, 947–948 cattle 789–790, 790 epithelium‐derived masses 117–125, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) conditions diagnosed by cytology 118–119 669–670 408–410, 409

0004826143.INDD 973 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM 974 Index

fecal cytology (cont’d) fibroplasia 125 sample collection 3–5, 7 invertebrates 924, 925 fibrosarcoma (FSA) spleen 342–344 leukocytes 409, 409 bone and periarticular testes 501 normal cytology 407–408, 408 structures 254 thymus 352–353 other cells 410 esophagus and stomach 383 thyroid gland 597–598, 601–602 overgrowth 408–409, 409 exotic companion mammals urinary bladder 466–467, 468 sample collection 407 749, 756 uterus 560 feline caudal mucositis 365 oral cavity 366–367, 371, 372, 373 fine‐needle capillary biopsy (FNCB) feline coronavirus (FCoV) 58 prostate 519 319–320, 326–327 feline eosinophilic granuloma 104, soft tissue sarcomas 171–172, 171 FIOT see feline inductive odontogenic 106–107, 107 urinary bladder 472 tumors feline herpesvirus‐1 (FHV‐1) fibrosis 424, 424 FIP see feline infectious peritonitis inflammatory skin conditions fibrous tissue 126 fish 876–920 106–107 FIC see feline idiopathic cystitis algal infections 891–892, 901 ocular cytology of the cat 206, FIMCT see feline intestinal mast cell bacterial infections 881–884, 882, 207–208, 209–210, 212 tumors 883–884, 895–896, 900, 903–904, feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) 473 fin clips 876–878, 878 908–910, 912–913 feline inductive odontogenic tumors fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cell death 880–881, 880 (FIOT) 372 319–320, 326–327 cell proliferation 881 feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) coelomic cavity and organ samples abdominal and thoracic fluid 679, adrenal gland 608–609 878–879, 879 703, 703 bone and periarticular conditions evaluated by cytology cerebrospinal fluid analysis 643 structures 252, 253, 254 881–916 immunocytochemistry 58 cell block preparation and endocrine 914–915 pericardial fluid 690 applications 73–74 fungal and fungal‐like feline intestinal mast cell tumors central nervous system neoplasia in infections 890–891, 892–893, (FIMCT) 397–398 the dog and cat 619 897, 899, 901, 902, 908–909, feline miliary dermatitis 104–105 cutaneous mast cell tumors 139, 143 911, 914 feline progressive histiocytosis dermal and subcutaneous gastrointestinal 904–908, 905–907 126–127 masses 115, 116, 119, 122–123, general information 876 feline restrictive myofibroblastic 129–130 hemolymphatic 903–904, 904 sarcoma (FROMS) 217 esophagus and stomach 380, hepatobiliary and pancreas ferrets 747–753 385, 388 908–909, 908 fluid analysis 749–750 exotic companion mammals 747 hyperplasia and neoplasia 892–895, general information 747 image guided 3–5 896, 898–899, 902–904, 908–909, other systems 750–753, 750, 752 inflammatory skin conditions 98 911–912, 912, 914 skin and subcutis 747–749 intestines and rectum 394 inflammation 880–892, 880 FFH see focal fibrous hyperplasia kidney 457–458 interpretive considerations and FFPE see formalin‐fixed, lower respiratory tract of the dog and disease responses 879–881, 880 paraffin‐embedded cat 282 mesomycetozoean infections FHN see fibrohistiocytic nodules mammary glands 585, 587–588 892, 893 FHV‐1 see feline herpesvirus‐1 nonneoplastic disorders of the musculoskeletal 895–899, 896–899 fibrinous pericarditis 690 liver 413 nervous system 912–914, 912–913 fibroepithelial hyperplasia ocular cytology of the dog 188 other body systems 916 583–584, 584 ocular cytology of the horse parasitic infections 884–890, fibrohistiocytic nodules (FHN) 348 233–234 885–886, 887–891, 896, 897–898, fibrolipoma 126 ophthalmic/ocular cytology 185 900–901, 901, 902, 905–911, fibroma oral cavity 362–363, 366–367 905–907, 913 rabbits 769 ovaries 510 reproductive 911 skin 125 pancreas 445–446 respiratory 899–902, 900–902 urinary bladder 472 parathyroid glands 597–598 sample collection and application of uterus 568 prostate 515–517 cytology 876–881, 877–880

0004826143.INDD 974 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM Index 975

skin and subcutis 881–895, 882, fungal effusion 679 FROMS see feline restrictive 883–884, 885–886, 887–893 gross evaluation 674, 675 myofibroblastic sarcoma skin scrapes, fin clips, and gill clips hemorrhagic effusions 671, 675, FSA see fibrosarcoma 876–878, 877–878, 880 677, 704–705, 705, 720 fungal pneumonia 291–292, 292 special sense organs 915–916 mesothelial cells 667, 677, 698, 698 fungal/yeast infections supersaturation disease 902, 902 microscopic evaluations 676–677 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis swim bladders 902–903 neoplastic effusions 675, 678 in dogs and cats 698, 700, 701 urinary 909–911, 910 nucleated cells 677 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis viral infections 892, 894, 901, pancreatitis 678 in horses 716 903–904 pathophysiology 667–668 amphibians 869, 870–872, 871–872 fixation pre‐analytical considerations bone and periarticular structures cell block preparation and 669–673 251–252, 251 applications 76 protein concentration 675–676 camelids 801 ear cytology 179 quality assurance 668–669 cattle 785 fluid analysis 672 rabbits 778 ear cytology 180, 181, 182 immunocytochemistry 49, 50 sample collection 669–670, 940, esophagus and stomach 384 routine stains and automated 943–945 exotic companion mammals stainers 16 sample containers 669–670 748, 754 FL see follicular lymphoma septic effusions 675, 679–680, fecal cytology 407–409 fleabite hypersensitivity 104 679, 680 fish 890–891, 892–893, 897, 899, flea combs 97 sheep and goats 929, 931–932 901, 902, 908–909, 911, 914 flow cytometry shipping precautions 673, 673–675 fluid analysis 679 lymph nodes 320, 322 stains 672 inflammatory skin conditions pericardial fluid 691 standard operating procedures 99–100 semen 534, 542 (SOP) 669 intestines and rectum 402 thymus 354 synovial fluid 680, 727–735, 736–743 invertebrates 926 fluid analysis 667–686 uroperitoneum 678, 707, 720 lymph nodes 324 acute colic in horses 678 utility of imaging 668 microbiologic review of cytology amphibians 873 volume 674 samples 20–24, 21–22 analytical considerations 674–680 see also abdominal and thoracic fluid nonhuman primates 810, 810, ancillary testing 677–680, 680 analysis; cerebrospinal fluid 813–815, 814 artifacts 671, 673, 674, 679 analysis; pericardial fluid ocular cytology of the dog 189, 190, biliary effusions 675, 677, 706–707, analysis; synovial fluid analysis 194, 197–198, 199 706–707 fluorescence in situ hybridization ocular cytology of the horse biomedical research and toxicity (FISH) 88, 89, 90 226–227, 227, 229–232, 231, 234 studies 939–945, 942 fluoroscopy 4–5 oral cavity 364 biosafety 669 FNA see fine‐needle aspiration pericardial fluid 690 camelids 800, 803, 805, 806 FNAB see fine‐needle aspiration biopsy rabbits 773–774 cell counts 676 FNCB see fine‐needle capillary biopsy reptiles and birds 837, 843–845, 851, cell tube blocks 73–78, 672–673 focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) 367 856–857 chylous and non‐chylous follicular carcinoma 599–601 respiratory cytology of the effusions 675, 678, 690, follicular conjunctivitis 192, 192 horse 308–309 705–706, 706, 719–720 follicular cystitis 474 sheep and goats 930 concepts and definitions 667 follicular cysts 117, 118–119, 120, 555 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and effusions with infectious agents 675, follicular lymphoma (FL) 330 cat 730 678–679, 679, 680 foreign bodies 772–773 synovial fluid analysis of the equipment and supplies 669 formalin fixation 76 horse 739 exotic companion mammals formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded upper respiratory tract of the dog and 749–750, 755–757 (FFPE) samples 80–81 cat 262–263, 263, 264, 266–269 feline infectious peritonitis 679, Fouchet‐Van Giesen 426, 427 urine cytology 490–493, 491–493 703, 703 Francisella spp. 324–325 uterus 570–571, 571 film preparation 670–672, 670–671 free catch samples 480–481 Fusarium spp. 230

0004826143.INDD 975 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM 976 Index

g glioma 623–625 hedgehogs 753–756 gallbladder 424–425, 439, 441 glomeruli 458, 459 fluid analysis 755 biliary adenoma 438 glossitis 370–372 general information 753–754 biliary carcinoma 438, 439 glucose 944 other systems 755–756 gangliocytoma 622, 628 glycogen 416 skin and subcutis 754–755, 754 ganglioglioma 622, 628 glycoproteins 62–63 Helicobacter spp. 387, 387 ganglioneuroma 611–612 GME see granulomatous hemangioma gastric dilatation 822, 822 meningoencephalomyelitis ocular cytology of the cat 206, gastric reflux cytology 380 GMS see Gomori methenamine silver 207–208, 212, 214 gastritis 383, 386–389 goats see sheep and goats ocular cytology of the horse gastroesophageal reflux 383–384 goblet cells 305, 395 228–229, 233 gastrointestinal stromal tumors Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) spleen 346–347 (GIST) 386, 398–399 stains 20–21 hemangiopericytoma (HEP) 166–167 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) gonadoblastoma 507 hemangiosarcoma abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis gout abdominal and thoracic fluid 677, in horses 717 reptiles and birds 840, 847, 860, 696, 705, 705, 719, 720 amphibians 873–874 860–861 bone and periarticular camelids 804 urine cytology/urinalysis 956, 958 structures 254 cattle 789–790 gram stains 16, 672 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer exotic companion mammals granular cell tumors (GCT) staging 436, 436 751–753 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis kidney 461, 462 fish 904–908, 905–907 in horses 719 ocular cytology of the cat 206, nonhuman primates 816–817, central nervous system 622, 207–208, 214, 216 816–818 632–633 ocular cytology of the horse rabbits 774 lingual 246 228–229, 228, 233 reptiles and birds 829, 854–859, oral cavity 370 pericardial fluid 687, 688, 689, 691 856–859 rabbits 778 prostate 518, 519 sheep and goats 932 granulation tissue 125 soft tissue sarcomas 167–168, 168 GBM see glioblastoma multiforme granuloma 509 spleen 346–347, 347 GCT see granular cell tumors granulomatous inflammation thymus 354–355 gelatin‐foam 75 289–290, 289–290 urinary bladder 472 gene expression profiling 590–591 granulomatous hemarthrosis 732, 736, 740 genital tract tumors 556 meningoencephalomyelitis hematoceles 509 gerbils 758–759 (GME) 644–645, 645 hematoma germ cell tumors granulosa cell tumors dermal and subcutaneous central nervous system 632 exotic companion mammals 756 masses 131 ovaries 513, 514 ovaries 511–513, 512 ovaries 514 testes 502–505, 506, 509–510, 510 vaginal cytology 555 thymus 355 GFAP see glial fibrillary acidic protein guinea pigs 756–757 hematopoietic cells 61 ghost cells 120, 121 guttural pouch lavage/swab 303 hematopoietic neoplasms 81–82 Giardia spp. 400, 401 hematopoietic precursors 415, 416 gill clips 876–878, 878, 880 h hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) gingival lesions 364–368, 366, 369–371 Habronema spp. 227, 227, 388 stains 15 gingivitis 364–365 Halicephalobus spp. 463, 464 hematuria 488 GIST see gastrointestinal stromal tumors Hall’s stain 62 hemic tumors 630–632 GIT see gastrointestinal tract hamartoma 118–119, 120, 124, 126, hemoabdomen 704–705, 705, 720 glandular atrophy 567 272, 273, 771 hemocytes 922, 922, 924 glial cells 621 hamsters 758–759 hemocytometry 534 glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) HCC see hepatocellular carcinoma hemolymph 750, 922, 922, 924 171, 623, 625–626 heat fixation 179 hemoperitoneum 720 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) heat‐induced epitope retrieval (HIER) hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma 623, 624 51–52 (HHS) 348

0004826143.INDD 976 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM Index 977

hemorrhage hepatoid gland tumor, see circumanal cutaneous mast cell tumors abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis gland hyperplasia/neoplasms 141–145, 141, 143 667, 673, 675, 677, 704–705, 720 hepatosplenic lymphoma (HSL) dermal and subcutaneous masses general approach to diagnostic 346, 346 115–117, 116, 118–119, 119, cytology 38 Hepatozoon spp. 252 121, 127 kidney 458 HER‐2 see human epidermal growth ear cytology 179 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 196, factor receptor‐2 esophagus and stomach 384 196, 198, 199 heterophils 829–830, 829–830, 832 fibrosarcoma 171 oral cavity 363, 365 HG see HistoGel™ hemangiosarcoma 168 pericardial fluid 688, 688 HHS see hemophagocytic histiocytic hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer reptiles and birds 837, 838 sarcoma staging 432–434 thymus 355 HIER see heat‐induced epitope retrieval inflammatory skin uterus 567, 568 histiocytic diseases conditions 100–101 hemorrhagic effusions 671, 675, 677, cutaneous histiocytoma 127–128, 128 intestines and rectum 395–396 704–705, 705, 720 dermal and subcutaneous masses liposarcoma 169 hemorrhagic vulvar discharge 126–128, 128 lymph nodes 321, 332, 334 555–556 feline progressive histiocytosis malignant peripheral nerve sheath hemosiderin 418–419 126–127 tumors 170 hemosiderosis 311 general approach to diagnostic mammary glands 585, 587, 588, hemothorax 704–705, 720 cytology 36 589–590 HEP see hemangiopericytoma mycobacteria 127 melanoma 161–162, 161 hepatic coccoidosis 775 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver muscle 244, 245–246 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer 422–423, 422 myopericytoma 167 staging 432–444 spleen 347–348, 348 oral cavity 361 fish 909 xanthoma 127 ovaries 510–511 gallbladder 439, 441 histiocytic sarcoma (HS) parathyroid glands 603, 603 hepatocellular neoplasms 433–435, bone 254 pericardial fluid 687–688 434–435 central nervous system 631–632, 633 plasma cell tumors 153–154, 153 incidence and prevalence 432–433 exotic companion mammals 751 prostate 515–516 mesenchymal neoplasms 435–436, lower respiratory tract of the dog and scoring of metastasis 332 435–436 cat 295 skin, normal 116–117, 116 metastatic disease 432–433, 437, rabbits 773 soft tissue sarcomas 116, 169, 167, 439–441, 439–440 spleen 347–348, 348 169, 171, 172, 172 neuroendocrine neoplasms synovial fluid analysis of the dog and synovial fluid analysis of the dog and 437–438, 437 cat 729, 729 cat 728 presentation and clinical signs 432 urinary bladder 473 synovial fluid analysis of the horse 738 primary biliary neoplasms 438–439, histiocytic tumors testes 501–502, 503 438–439 cytochemistry 64 thymus 352–353 primary hepatic tumors 433–438, cytogenetics 91 thyroid gland 600–601, 600–603 434–437 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer uterus 560–563, 560–561, 563, 568 rabbits 775 staging 437 vaccine associated sarcoma 172 round cell neoplasms 436–437, 437, immunocytochemistry 55–56 Histoplasma spp. 439–441, 440 histiocytoma, see cutaneous histiocytoma bone 251 sample collection and medical histochemistry 246 esophagus and stomach 387 imaging 433 HistoGel™ (HG) 75 intestines and rectum 402 hepatoblastoma 434–435 histology/histopathology lower respiratory tract of the dog and hepatocellular adenoma 433 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis cat 291 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 419, in dogs and cats 703 microbiologic review of cytology 419, 433–434, 434–435 adrenal gland 609 samples 22, 22 hepatocellular deposits 909 central nervous system neoplasia in nonhuman primates 810 hepatocytes 414–420, 415, 417, the dog and cat 620–621, 624, Hodgkin‐like lymphoma (HLL) 419–420 629–630 331, 331

0004826143.INDD 977 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM 978 Index

horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 52 ICC see immunocytochemistry quality assurance and quality HRP see horseradish peroxidase ICT see interstitial cell tumors control 53 HS see histiocytic sarcoma idiopathic immune‐mediated special staining techniques 47–58 HSL see hepatosplenic lymphoma polysynovitis 740 immunohistochemistry (IHC) human epidermal growth factor idiopathic pericardial effusion 690 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis receptor‐2 (HER‐2) 591 IFAT see indirect fluorescent 673, 678, 703, 719 hyalinizing pancreatic antibody test cell block preparation and adenocarcinoma 448 IgG index 639, 657 applications 73–74 hyaluronan 667–668 IGNCU see intratubular germ cell cutaneous mast cell tumors 142, 145 hydroceles 509 neoplasia of undifferentiated dermal and subcutaneous hydrometra 571–572 origin masses 127 hygroma 131 IHC see immunohistochemistry fluid analysis 678 hyperplasia image‐guided sampling 4 lower respiratory tract of the dog and amphibians 872–873 immature lymphocytes 697 cat 293–295, 294–295 bone and periarticular structures immune‐mediated keratitis (IMMK) lymph nodes 332 249–251 230–233, 232 mammary glands 590–591 camelids 801 immune‐mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) melanoma 161, 162 esophagus and stomach 381–382, 731, 731, 733 molecular clonality testing 81 384–385 immune‐mediated polysynovitis muscle 246–247 fecal cytology 410 739, 740 ovaries 514–515, 514 fish 892–895, 898–899, 902–904, immunocytochemistry (ICC) parathyroid glands 604 908–909, 911–912, 914 advantages and challenges pericardial fluid 691 general approach to diagnostic 47–48, 48 plasma cell tumors 154–155 cytology 35–36 analytical phase 50–53, 50, 51–52 prostate 518, 520 intestines and rectum 396 antibody and antigen testes 507, 509, 510 invertebrates 927 interactions 47, 48 thyroid gland 604 kidney 458–459, 460 antibody selection 54 upper respiratory tract of the dog and mammary glands 583–587, 584, 586 bone and periarticular cat 271 nonhuman primates 810–812, structures 252, 254 immunomodulatory factors 942–943 815–816, 819–821 caveats and pitfalls 53 immunomodulatory‐responsive nonneoplastic disorders of the liver cell block preparation and lymphocytic–plasmacytic 421, 425 applications 73 pododermatitis (IR‐LPP) oral cavity 362, 365–372, 366, 369–371 central nervous system 108–109 pancreas 446, 447 neoplasia 621, 622, 627–628 immunophenotyping parathyroid glands 602–603, 604 dermal and subcutaneous abdominal and thoracic fluid 678, 719 prostate 515–516, 517, 520 masses 127 central nervous system rabbits 766, 772–773, 777 diagnostic applications 53–58, 54, neoplasia 621, 622, 623 thyroid gland 600–601 55–57 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog urinary bladder 469, 469 epithelial tumors 56, 56 and cat 640–641 urine cytology 483–487, 485 fixatives 50 lymphoma 55, 56, 719 uterus 559, 563, 565–567, 565–567 fluid analysis 678–679, 704 IMPA see immune‐mediated polyarthritis hypersensitivity general principles 47–48 implants 732 fleabite hypersensitivity 104 lymph nodes 320, 333–334 impression smears 98, 99, 362–363 reptiles and birds 830–831, 833 lymphoma 55–56, 56 incidentaloma 608, 610 hyphema 196, 196, 215 melanoma 57, 161–162 inclusion body disease (IBD) 833–837, hypoalbuminemia 699–700 mesenchymal tumors 57 834, 835, 836–838 hypo‐osmotic swelling test 542 mesothelioma 58 inclusions 418–419 muscle 246 India ink 268 i overview and protocol 48–53 indirect fluorescent antibody test IAD see inflammatory airway disease post‐analytical phase 53 (IFAT) 660 IBD see inclusion body disease; pre‐analytical phase 48–50, indirect immunocytochemistry inflammatory bowel disease 49–50 protocols 51, 51

0004826143.INDD 978 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM Index 979

indolent corneal ulceration 232 thyroid gland 602 interstitial cell tumors (ICT) infiltrating leukemia 632 upper respiratory tract of the dog and exotic companion mammals 753 infiltrative lipoma 126 cat 262–264, 266, 272 rabbits 778 inflammation urinary bladder 473–475, 474 testes 502–503, 505–507, 507, amphibians 870–872 urine cytology 489–490, 489 509–510, 510 biomedical research and toxicity uterus 570–573, 571–572 intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) studies 941–942 inflammatory airway disease 638, 641, 642, 645–646 bone and periarticular (IAD) 302 intestines structures 251–252, 251 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 81, carcinoid 398 cattle 785, 785 399–400, 400 diseases of the small and large cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog inflammatory skin conditions 97–114 intestines 396–400 and cat 643–645, 644–645 acetate tape impression with skin gastrointestinal stromal tumors ear 181–182, 181, 182 squeezing 97, 100 398, 399 esophagus and stomach 383–384, bacterial infections 101–102, 102 hyperplasia 396 383, 386–389, 387–388 canine eosinophilic granuloma 107– inflammation 399–400, 400–401 fish 880–881, 880 108, 107 eosinophilic enterocolitis 400 general approach to diagnostic cutaneous lupus erythematosus 106 lymphocytic‐plasmacytic cytology 36–37 cytologic examination 98, 99–100 enterocolitis 399, 400 intestines and rectum 399–402, Demodex spp. 102–103, 103 neutrophilic enterocolitis 399 400–401 dermatophytes 99–100, 102, 103 mast cell tumor 397, 398 kidney 462–464, 464 eosinophilic dermatitides microbiologic review of cytology lower respiratory tract of the dog and 106–108, 107 samples 25 cat 287–290, 288–290 eosinophilic granuloma complex of molecular clonality testing 81 lymph nodes 323–325 cats 104, 106–107, 107, 365 neoplasia 396–399, 397–399 muscle 243, 244 equine eosinophilic granuloma 108 plasmacytoma 397 nonhuman primates 810, 810, feline herpesvirus‐1 106–107 normal histological architecture and 812–822, 814 feline miliary dermatitis 104–105 cytology 395–396 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver fleabite hypersensitivity 104 sample collection 394–395 421–424, 422, 425 flea combs 97 see also gastrointestinal tract ocular cytology of the cat 205–212, fungal culture 99–100 intra‐articular injections 732, 740 214–217 hypersensitivity and autoimmune intracranial neoplasia 646 ocular cytology of the dog 188–195, skin diseases 104–106, 105 intraocular neoplasms 234 190–194, 196, 197–199 infectious agents 101–103, 102–104 intraovarian cysts 514 ocular cytology of the horse 222, Malassezia spp. 98, 102, 107 intratubular germ cell neoplasia of 226–235, 227–228, 230–232, 234 panniculitis 108 undifferentiated origin oral cavity 361, 362, 364–366, 370, pemphigus foliaceus 101, (IGCNU) 509–510 371, 372, 373 105–106, 105 invertebrates 921–928 ovaries 514 pododermatitis 108–109 general information 921 pancreas 447–448, 449 punch biopsy 100–101 hemolymph and coelomic fluid 922, pericardial fluid 690 sampling techniques 97–101, 922, 924 prostate 515, 519–520, 521 99–100 hyperplasia and neoplasia 927 rabbits 766–768, 771, 773–776 sarcoptic mange/scabies 97, infection and inflammation reptiles and birds 829–831, 829–830, 103, 104 925–926 831, 832–833, 841–843, 848 skin scrapings 97 interpretive considerations and respiratory cytology of the horse trichography 97–98, 103 disease responses 921–922 302, 307–311, 310 Wood’s lamp 98–99 sample collection and application of spleen 348 injectable materials 732, 740 cytology 921–925, 922, synovial fluid analysis of the dog and Institutional Review Board 924–925 cat 729–732, 729, 731 (IRB) 32–33 solid tissue samples 924–925, 925 synovial fluid analysis of the horse insulinoma 450, 451, 753, 757 IRB see Institutional Review Board 738–740, 737, 738, 739 intermediate cells 552 iridociliary epithelial tumors testes 508–509, 508 interrenal gland 914 195–196

0004826143.INDD 979 7/14/2020 7:12:38 PM 980 Index

iris 195–196, 195, 214–215 KPI see karyopyknotic index lingual lesions 368–372 IR‐LPP see immunomodulatory‐ Kupffer cells 414, 416, 421, 421 lip fold dermatitis 20 responsive lymphocytic– lipidosis 804, 804 plasmacytic pododermatitis l lipids 62, 418 iron 418–419 laboratory information system (LIS) lipofuscin 418 isolated tumor cells (ITC) 332, 334 43, 45 lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis IVDH see intervertebral disc herniation labyrinth 915–916 211–212, 212 lacrimal cysts 222 lipoma k laparoscopy 380 dermal and subcutaneous karyopyknotic index (KPI) 950 large granular lymphocytes (LGL) 330, masses 126 KCS see keratoconjunctivitis sicca 396–397 exotic companion mammals 755 keratin‐containing masses 120, 121 lateral line 915–916 muscle 244 keratitis LBC see liquid‐based cytology rabbits 769 ocular cytology of the cat 206, LBL see lymphoblastic lymphoma liposarcoma 168–169, 169 209, 212 LDIF see leukocyte differential count dermal and subcutaneous ocular cytology of the dog 190, 191, leiomyoma masses 126 194, 194 esophagus and stomach 382, 385, 385 exotic companion mammals 756 ocular cytology of the horse intestines and rectum 399 pancreas 450, 450 229–232, 230–232 muscle 246 liquid‐based cytology (LBC) 73 keratoconjunctivitis nonhuman primates 820, 821 LIS see laboratory information system ocular cytology of the cat 206, urinary bladder 472 liver 209–211, 209–211, 217 uterus 568, 568 advanced diagnostic techniques ocular cytology of the horse leiomyosarcoma 425–427, 426 230–231 esophagus and stomach 383, 386 amphibians 873–874, 874 keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) 190, intestines and rectum 399, 399 amyloidosis 424 191, 192, 194 muscle 246 bile 418 kidney 457–465 prostate 518, 519 camelids 804, 804 adenoma 459 testes 507 cattle 784, 789–790 carcinoma 461 urinary bladder 472 cell types in normal liver 414–415, clinical signs and indications 457 uterus 569, 569 415–416 conditions diagnosed by cytology Leishmania spp. cholangiocytes 414, 415, 420, 421 458–464 bone and periarticular copper 418 fish 902–904, 909–911 structures 252 cytochemistry 62 hemangiosarcoma 461 esophagus and stomach 384 cytoplasmic and nuclear changes by hyperplasia, degeneration, and lymph nodes 324 cell type 415–421 necrosis 458–459, 460 microbiologic review of cytology deposition of extracellular material inflammation 462–464, 464 samples 24–25 424, 424–425 lymphoma 461 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver exotic companion mammals neoplasia 459–462, 460, 462–463 423, 423 751–753 nephroblastoma 462 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 191 fibrosis 424 normal structure and cytology leukocyte differential count (LDIF) fish 908–909, 908 458, 459 638, 640–641, 644–646 gallbladder 424–425 pericardial fluid 690 leukocytes 409, 409, 954 glycogen 416 rabbits 777 leukoplakia 382 hematopoietic precursors 415 renal tubular epithelial cells 483 leuteomas (interstitial cell hemosiderin 418, 419 reptiles and birds 859–861, 860 tumors) 511–513 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer safety 457–458 Leydig cell tumors see interstitial cell staging 432–444 sample collection 457–458 tumors hepatoblastoma 434, 435 Kimura spatula 184, 186 LGL see large granular lymphocytes hepatocellular adenoma 433 KIT 142–143 LH see luteinizing hormone hepatocellular carcinoma 433, 434 Kiupel histologic grading system 141– ligneous membranitis/conjunctivitis hepatocytes 414–420, 415, 417, 142, 141 192–193, 193 419–420

0004826143.INDD 980 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM Index 981

inflammation and infectious agents lymphangiosarcoma 354–355 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver 421–424, 422, 425 lymph nodes 319–341 414, 422, 423 iron 418, 419 ancillary testing 320 respiratory cytology of the Kupffer cells 414, 416, 421, 421 Bartonella spp. 325 horse 306, 306 lipid 418 Blastomyces spp. 324 uterine cytology 563 lipfuscin 418 camelids 804 lymphocytic–plasmacytic enterocolitis lymphocytes 414, 423 cattle 784, 789 399–400, 400 lymphoma 436 Coccidioides spp. 324 lymphocytic pleocytosis 645 mast cells 414, 423 cutaneous mast cell tumors lymphoid clonality testing 79–82 mesothelial cells 415 143–144, 143 analytical aspects 80 myelolipoma 435 cytochemistry 63 diagnostic accuracy 80–81 myeloma‐related disorders 436, 437 esophagus and stomach 386 diagnostic aspects 80–82 nonhuman primates 816–817 fine‐needle aspiration/capillary lineage assignment of hematopoietic nonneoplastic disorders of the liver biopsy 319–320, 326–327 neoplasms 81–82 413–431 fish 903–904 molecular basis 79 normal structure 413–415, 424–425 Francisella spp. 324 PARR testing in the horse 82 plasma cells 423 histologic scoring of metastasis 332 sampling considerations 80 rabbits 774–775, 776 Leishmania spp. 324 lymphoid nodules 304 reptiles and birds 859 lymphadenitis 323–325 lymphoma 325–331 sample collection 414, 424–425 lymphoid neoplasms 325–331, abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis sarcoma 435, 436 328–331 in dogs and cats 696, 697, stellate cells 414, 416, 420–421, 421 mammary tumors 334–335 703–704, 706 tissue architecture 413–414 mast cell tumors 332–333, 333 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis vacuolar change 416 melanoma 160, 161, 333–334, 334 in horses 719, 720 lobular orbital adenoma 199–200 metastatic neoplasia 331–335, bone and periarticular local extension of regional tumors 633 332–334 structures 254 long Ziehl‐Neelsen 427 nonhuman primates 815–816, 815 cattle 785–787, 786, 794 lower respiratory tract of the dog and normal lymph nodes 320–322, 321 central nervous system 621, cat 281–301 reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 321, 630–631, 633 anatomy and immunology 281 322–323, 323 cerebrospinal fluid 660, 660 clinical signs and physical reptiles and birds 852–854 classification 325–327 examination 281–282 routine stains and automated common subtypes 327–331, cytologic features of LRT stainers 16 328–331, 346, 346 samples 286–293, 287–293, 287 sample collection 319–320 cutaneous lymphoma 129–131, 130 diagnostic approach 281–286 sentinel versus draining lymph cytogenetics 91 evaluation of respiratory disease 282 nodes 331–332 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma inflammation 287–290, 288–290 sheep and goats 932 327, 328 neoplasms of the lung 293–295, Yersinia spp. 325 equine lymphoma 130–131, 331 294–295 lymphoangiosarcoma 233 esophagus and stomach 386 sample handling and analysis lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) exotic companion mammals 285–286, 285, 286 327 749–750, 750, 753, 755–756, 759 specific conditions of the LRT lymphocytes fluid analysis 678, 679 290–293, 291–293 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis follicular lymphoma 330 types of lower airway samples in dogs and cats 697 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer 282–285, 283 biomedical research and toxicity staging 436, 440–441, 440 LS see lumbrosacral studies 941 Hodgkin‐like lymphoma 331, 331 lubricin 667–668 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog immunocytochemistry 55, 56 lumbrosacral (LS) technique 656 and cat 641 intestines and rectum 396–397, luteinizing hormone (LH) 553 general approach to diagnostic 397, 400 luxol fast blue 64 cytology 36–37 kidney 461, 463 lycoperdonosis 286 lower respiratory tract of the dog and large granular lymphocyte lymphadenitis 323–325, 789 cat 289 lymphoma 330

0004826143.INDD 981 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM 982 Index

lymphoma (cont’d) respiratory cytology of the horse mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) 346 lower respiratory tract of the dog and 306–310, 306, 310 marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) cat 295 uterine cytology 563, 570 328–329, 328, 346 lymphoblastic 327 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Masson‐Fontana stain 62 marginal zone lymphoma 328, 328 adrenal gland 608 Masson trichrome 62 mycosis fungoides 130 central nervous system neoplasia in mast cells ocular cytology of the cat 205, 206, the dog and cat 619 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis 207–208, 212, 213, 215, 216 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog in dogs and cats 698 ocular cytology of the dog 193, 193, and cat 638 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver 194, 196–199 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer 414, 416, 423 ocular cytology of the horse 224, staging 433 respiratory cytology of the horse 226, 228, 233, 234 oral cavity 364 310–311 ovaries 514 pancreas 445 mast cell tumors (MCT) pagetoid reticulosis 130 sample collection 4 cattle 786 pancreas 450 Malassezia spp. clinical findings 138, 139, 144–145 pericardial fluid 689 ear cytology 180, 181, 182 clinical staging 143–144, 143, 145 peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not inflammatory skin conditions 98, cutaneous mast cell tumors 138–150 otherwise specified 329, 329 102, 107 cytochemistry and prostate 519 microbiologic review of cytology immunohistochemistry 142, 145 rabbits 770, 773–775 samples 23 cytology 139–141, 139–141, 144–145 role of cytology in diagnosis and ocular cytology of the dog 189 esophagus and stomach 386 classification 326–327 malignancies see individual tumor types; exotic companion mammals Sezary syndrome 130 neoplasms 748–749, 755, 759 sheep and goats 932 malignant peripheral nerve sheath grading systems 141 spleen 345–346, 345–346 tumors (MPNST) 169–171, 170 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer synovial fluid analysis of the dog and MALT see mucosa‐associated lymphoid staging 437 cat 729 tissue histopathology 141–142, 141, testes 508 mammary glands 582–593 144–145 thymus 354 advanced diagnostic techniques incidence 138, 144–145 t‐zone lymphoma 329, 330 590–591 intestines and rectum 397–398 upper respiratory tract of the dog and canine mammary hyperplasia lymph nodes 332–333, 333 cat 271–272 585–587 mast cell tumors in cats 144–145 urinary bladder 472–473 canine mammary neoplasia mast cell tumors in dogs 138–144, urine cytology 487–488, 488 587–590, 586–588 139–141 uterus 569 cattle 791–792, 792 mast cell tumors in horses 145 lymphoplasmacytic inflammation 36–37 clinical signs and indications 582 molecular abnormalities 142, 145 correlation of cytologic and histologic muscle 244 m diagnosis in dogs 589–590 ocular cytology of the cat 206 mAb see monoclonal antibodies equine mammary neoplasia 590 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 193, macroadenoma 632 feline mammary hyperplasia 583– 198, 199 macrometastasis 332 585, 584–585 ocular cytology of the horse 222, macrophages feline mammary neoplasia 584–585, 228, 229, 233 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis 584–585 prognostic factors 142–143, 145 in dogs and cats 697 fibroepithelial hyperplasia proliferation markers 142 biomedical research and toxicity 583–584, 584 sample collection 139 studies 941 incidence and prevalence 582 treatment 144, 145 lower respiratory tract of the dog and lymph node neoplasia 334–335 mastitis cat 286–287, 287–288 mastitis 583–584, 586–587, 590 cattle 791–792, 792 lymph nodes 320, 322 normal cytologic appearance 583 canine 586–587 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver rabbits 768 equine 590 422–423, 422–423 sample collection 582–583 feline 583–584 pericardial fluid 688 mandibular bone lesions 372 rabbits 767

0004826143.INDD 982 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM Index 983

matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown meta‐analysis 32 733, 741 origin (MUO) 642, 644 metaplasia 381, 384–385 maxillary bone lesions 372 menstrual cycle 949 metastatic disease May‐Grunwald‐Giemsa (MGG) mesenchymal neoplasia abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis stains 12–13, 14 benign tumors of fibrous tissue 126 in horses 718, 719 MCE see multiple cartilaginous exostosis cattle 786 adrenal gland 612 MCL see mantle cell lymphoma central nervous system neoplasia in bone and periarticular MCT see mast cell tumors the dog and cat 622, 628, structures 254 medullary carcinoma 601–602, 602 629–630, 630–631, 632 central nervous system neoplasia in medulloblastoma 622, 628 dermal and subcutaneous the dog and cat 621, 621, 630, MEED see multisystemic eosinophilic masses 125–126 632, 633 epitheliotrophic disease esophagus and stomach 386 cutaneous mast cell tumors Melamed‐Wolinska bodies 518 exotic companion mammals 749, 143–144, 143 melamine 464 755, 757 dermal and subcutaneous melanocytic tumors 195 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer masses 125 melanoma 158–165 staging 435–436, 435–436 exotic companion mammals 753 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis immunocytochemistry 57 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer in horses 719 intestines and rectum 398–399, 399 staging 432–433, 437, 439–441, balloon cell melanoma 160 mammary glands 589 439–440 cattle 786 oral cavity 366–368, 369, 371, 372, 373 histologic scoring of metastasis 332 cutaneous melanoma 159–161, ovaries 513 kidney 461, 462 159–161 pancreas 450, 450 lymph nodes 331–335, 332–334 diagnosis 159–162 prostate 518, 519 mammary tumors 334–335 diagnostic accuracy of rabbits 769–770 mast cell tumors 332–333, 333 cytology 161–162 reactive and hyperplastic lesions 125 melanoma 158, 160–162, 160, differential diagnosis 161 testes 507–508 333–334, 334 effusions 161 tumors of adipose tissue 126 ocular cytology of the cat exotic companion mammals 756 urinary bladder 472 214, 215 histology 161–162, 161 Mesocestoides spp. 699, 699 ocular cytology of the dog immunocytochemistry 57–58 ferret 748 195–196, 199 incidence 158–159 mesomycetozoean infections 892, ovaries 513–514 lymph nodes 333–334, 334 893, 898 pericardial fluid 689 melanocytoma 158, 159–162 mesothelial cells plasma cell tumors 155 nonhuman primates 811 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis prostate 517, 519 ocular cytology of the cat 205, 206, in dogs and cats 695, 697, 698, respiratory cytology of the 207–208, 211–213, 216 698, 704, 705 horse 312 ocular cytology of the horse 224, abdominal and thoracic fluid sentinel versus draining lymph 226, 228, 233 analysis in horses 715, 717, nodes 331–332 oral cavity 367, 368, 373 718, 719 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and predictive prognostic features 162 fluid analysis 667–668, 676–678 cat 729 rabbits 770–771, 771 nonneoplastic disorders of the testes 504, 508 sample collection 159 liver 415 urinary bladder 468 sheep and goats 930 pericardial fluid 688, 688 metazoan infections special staining techniques 162 mesothelioma fish 886, 889–890, 890–891, uveal 160–161 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis 897, 900–904, 901, melanophages 563, 563 in dogs and cats 703–704 906–908, 907 melting corneal ulceration 186 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis invertebrates 926 meningioma in horses 719 methylene blue reduction test 784 central nervous system neoplasia in cattle 794 metritis 556, 571, 573 the dog and cat 622, 629–630, fluid analysis 678 MGG see May‐Grunwald‐Giemsa 630–631, 632 immunocytochemistry 58 mice 945–949, 947–948, 947, 953 ocular cytology of the dog 199, 200 pericardial fluid 689 microadenoma 632

0004826143.INDD 983 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM 984 Index

microbiologic review of cytology lymphoid clonality testing 79–82 skeletal muscle 244–245 samples 18–29 molecular basis 79 smooth muscle 246 apicomplexan protozoans 24 non‐lymphoid clonality testing 82 Mycobacterium spp. 102, 102, 127, bacterial cytological evaluation PARR testing in the horse 82 870–871, 870–871 18–20, 19 quality assurance 82 ferret 748 concepts and definitions 18 role of clonality analysis 79 Mycoplasma spp. cytauxzoonosis 25, 26 sampling considerations 80 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis dimorphic fungi 21–23, 21 molecular markers 590–591 in horses 716 ectoparasites 26–27 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 47 lower respiratory tract of the dog and fungal cytological examination mononuclear pleocytosis 658, 658 cat 290 20–24, 21–22 morphometry 542 ocular cytology of the cat 207–208, intestinal parasites 25 MPNST see malignant peripheral nerve 209–210, 210 leishmaniasis 24–25 sheath tumors mycosis fungoides 130 miscellaneous fungal organisms MPO see myeloperoxidase myelolipoma 23–24 MRD see myeloma‐related disorders adrenal gland 611–612 miscellaneous parasites diagnosed MRI see magnetic resonance hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer cytologically 25–26, 27 imaging staging 435 mycelial fungi 23 mucicarmine 63 nonhuman primates 815 protozoal cytological examination mucins 62–63 myeloma‐related disorders (MRD) 24–27, 26–27 mucocutaneous plasmacytoma 436–437, 437 yeast 23 151–152, 155 myeloperoxidase (MPO) 741 microglia 621 mucoid/muropurulent vulvar discharge myxoma 126 micrometastasis 332 556–557, 556 myxomatosis 769 microscopic evaluations 676–677, mucometra 571–572 myxozoan infections 885, 887–889, 697–699, 698–699 mucosa 896, 897–898, 900, 902–903, 906, microspatulas 98, 99 esophagus and stomach 381 906, 910–911, 913 microsporidian infections intestines and rectum 395–396 MZL see marginal zone lymphoma fish 886, 891, 897, 899, 901, 903, oral cavity 364–368, 366, 369–371 911, 914 mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue n invertebrates 926 (MALT) 261, 386 nasal‐associated lymphoid tissue microwave fixation 76 mucus 304, 307 (NALT) 261 minerals 61–62, 62 multiple cartilaginous exostosis (MCE) nasal flush cytology 8 minipigs 953 249–251 nasal hamartoma 272, 273 mites 97, 98, 102–103, 103, 104, 181, 181 multiple myeloma 151, 154–155, 254 nasal swabs 303, 772 mixed cell populations 840, 841 multiplex immunocytochemistry nasopharyngeal polyps 272, 273 mixed germ cell–sex cord‐stromal 51–52, 52 nasopharyngeal swabs 303 tumors 507, 508 multisystemic eosinophilic NE see necrotizing encephalitis mixed glioma see oligoastrocytoma epitheliotrophic disease necrosis mixed inflammation see (MEED) 310–311 camelids 805 pyogranulomatous inflammation MUO see meningoencephalomyelitis of dermal and subcutaneous masses mixed tumors unknown origin 115, 116 central nervous system 625, 628, 632 muscle 243–248 fish 880–881, 880 mammary glands 586–588, 587–588 additional diagnostics 246–247 general approach to diagnostic oral cavity 368, 372 cardiac muscle 246 cytology 38 ovaries 513 degenerative disease 243 kidney 458–459, 460 testes 507, 508 exotic companion mammals 751, 752 mammary glands 585 MMP see matrix metalloproteinases fish 895–899, 896–899 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver molecular clonality testing 79–84 inflammation 243, 244 419, 419 analytical aspects 80 neoplasms 243–246, 244 oral cavity 363, 364, 370 diagnostic aspects 80–82 normal architecture and cytology pancreas 446–447 lineage assignment of hematopoietic 243, 244 reptiles and birds 838 neoplasms 81–82 reptiles and birds 846–847, 848 uterus 567, 568

0004826143.INDD 984 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM Index 985

necrotizing encephalitis (NE) intestines and rectum 396–401, nephroma 777, 778 644–645, 645 397–399, 401 neuroblastoma 611–612, 628–629 necrotizing leukoencephalitis invertebrates 927 neurocytoma 622, 628 (NLE) 644–645 kidney 459–462, 460, 462–463 neuroectodermal tumors 623–628, necrotizing meningoencephalitis lower respiratory tract of the dog and 624–627 (NME) 644–645 cat 293–295, 294–295 neuroendocrine neoplasms 386, needle rinse method 74 lymph nodes 325–331, 328–331 437–438, 437 nematode infections mammary glands 584–585, 585, neurofibroma 126 esophagus and stomach 384, 586–588, 587–591 neurofibrosarcoma 229 387–388 molecular clonality testing 81–82 neurologic disorders kidney 463, 464 muscle 243–246, 244 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses ocular cytology of the dog nonhuman primates 810–812, 811, and large animals 657–660, 191–192, 197 814–822, 818, 821, 823 658–660 neoplasms ocular cytology of the cat 205–206, cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis 207–208, 209, 212–217, 213 and cat 641–646, 642–643, in dogs and cats 695, 696, ocular cytology of the dog 189, 189, 644–645 703–704, 704 193–200, 195, 200 neuronal–glial tumors 628 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis ocular cytology of the horse neuronal tumors 628 in horses 718–720, 718 222–225, 223, 225–226, 228–229, neurovascular bundles 363–364 adrenal gland 610–611, 611–612, 612 233–235 neutrophilic colitis/proctitis 401–402 amphibians 872–873 oral cavity 365–372, 366, 369–371 neutrophilic enterocolitis 399 bone and periarticular ovaries 511–514, 512 neutrophilic pleocytosis 645, 659, 659 structures 252–254, 253, 255 pancreas 448–451, 449–450 neutrophils camelids 801, 803–804 parathyroid glands 602–604, 603 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis cattle 785–789, 786–787 pericardial fluid 689 in dogs and cats 697, 698, 700, central nervous system neoplasia in plasma cell tumors 154–155 701–703 the dog and cat 619–637 prostate 516–519, 518 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses rabbits 768–775, 770–771, 777–778 in horses 715–717, 717, 720 and large animals 660, 660 reptiles and birds 840, 840, 844–846, biomedical research and toxicity cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog 852–854 studies 946 and cat 646 respiratory cytology of the horse cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog criteria of malignancy 37–38, 37 311–312 and cat 641 cytochemistry 64 sheep and goats 930–932 general approach to diagnostic cytogenetics 91 soft tissue sarcomas 116, 171–172 cytology 36 dermal and subcutaneous masses spleen 345–348, 345–348 lower respiratory tract of the dog and 117–120, 119, 122–125, 123–124 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and cat 288–289, 288–289 ear 182, 182 cat 729, 729, 732 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver esophagus and stomach 382–383, testes 502–508, 505–508 422, 422 382, 385–386, 385 thymus 352–355, 353 respiratory cytology of the horse exotic companion mammals thyroid gland 599–602, 600–602, 604 307–310, 310 748–759, 750, 752, 754, 758 upper respiratory tract of the dog and uterine cytology 563 fecal cytology 410 cat 262–264, 263, 264–265, new methylene blue (NMB) stain 16 fish 892–895, 896, 898–899, 902–904, 269–272, 270, 271–273 NHP see nonhuman primates 908–909, 911–912, 912, 914 urinary bladder 469–473, 471 nictitating membrane fluid analysis 678 urine cytology 483–487, 485–487 ocular cytology of the cat 206, general approach to diagnostic uterus 568–570, 568–569 206–214, 207–208, 213 cytology 37–38, 37 vaginal cytology 555, 556 ocular cytology of the dog hemorrhage, cystic fluid, and see also metastatic disease 190–194, 199 necrosis 38 Neospora spp. 292 ocular cytology of the horse 223, hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer microbiologic review of cytology 224, 226–229, 227–229, 231–232, staging 432–444 samples 24 232, 235 immunocytochemistry 55–56, 58 nephroblastoma 462, 622, 628, 629 NLE see necrotizing leukoencephalitis

0004826143.INDD 985 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM 986 Index

NMB see new methylene blue apocrine hidrocystoma (apocrine cornea 194–195, 194–196 NME see necrotizing cystadenoma) 205–206 distemper virus 190–191, 191 meningoencephalitis aqueous humor 214–215 eyelid and adnexa 188–189, 189, Nocardia sp. 251 bacteria 206, 209, 212, 214, 216, 216 191, 193, 193 Nodular dermal fibrosis, rabbits 766 blepharitis 205 fungus 189, 190, 194, 197–199 nodular lesions 600–601 Chlamydia spp 206, 209–211, 210 hemorrhage 196, 196, 198, 199 non‐chylous effusions 678 common pathologies of the feline eye inflammation 188–199, 190–194, 196 non‐cornified vaginal epithelium 207–208 iridociliary epithelial tumors 195– 555–557, 556 conjunctiva, nictitating membrane, 196, 195 non‐epitheliotropic lymphoma 130, 130 and cornea 206–214, 209–213 iris and ciliary body 195–196, 195 nonhuman primates (NHP) 809–827 corneal sequestrum 212 keratitis 190, 191, 194, 194 biomedical research and toxicity eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis ligneous membranitis/conjunctivitis studies 949–950, 953 210–211, 210–211 192–193, 193 body cavity fluid analysis 822, 822 epitheliotropic mastocytic lobular orbital adenoma 199–200 central nervous system 821–822, 821 conjunctivitis 211 lymphoma 193, 193, 194, 196–199 clinical setting and applications of eyelid and adnexa 205–206, 206, mast cell tumor 189, 193, 198, 199 cytology 809–810 209, 216 Meibomian gland 189, 189, 191 conditions evaluated by cytology feline herpes virus (FHV‐1) 206, melanocytic tumors 189, 810–822 209–210, 212 193–195, 198 ear and eye 811–812 hemangioma 206, 212, 214 melanosis 196, 197 gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreas hemangiosarcoma 206, 214, 216 meningioma 199, 200 816–817, 816–818 hyphema 215 miscellaneous diseases 195 general information 809 inflammation 205–212, 214–217 nematode 191–192, 197 lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen iris and ciliary body 214–215 neoplasms 189, 189, 193–200, 195, 200 815–816, 815 lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis normal architecture and cytology musculoskeletal 812, 812 211–212, 212 188, 190, 194–196, 198–199 reproductive 819–821, 819–821, mast cell tumor 205, 206, 207–208, ocular melanosis 196, 197 949–950 211–213, 216 orbit 199–200, 200 respiratory 812–815, 813–814 medication effects 212 papilloma 189, 189, 193, 194 sample collection 809–810 Mycoplasma spp. 207–208, protozoa 189, 191, 191, 194, 197 skin and subcutis 810–811, 810–811 209–210, 210 retina 198–199 urinary tract 817–819, 818 neoplasms 205–206, 209, transmissible venereal tumor 193 noninfectious rhinitis 266 212–217, 213 viral 189, 190–191, 191, 197 nonspecific esterases 61 normal architecture, cytology, and vitreous body 195, 198 nuclear changes 419–420, 420 collection 205, 206, 206, 209, ocular cytology of the horse 222–240 nucleated cells 677, 946 214, 215 amyloidosis 228, 228 NucleoCounter® 534 orbit 216–217, 216 angiosarcoma 228–229 retina 215–216 bacteria 226, 229–230, 230, 232, 234 o squamous cell carcinoma 206, blepharitis 222 OA see osteoarthritis 212–213, 213, 216 conjunctiva and nictitating ocular cytology vitreous humor 214, 215 membrane 226–229, 227–229 camelids 801–803, 802 ocular cytology of the dog 188–204 conjunctivitis 222, 226–227, 227, cattle 786–787, 786 algae 197–198 229–231 exotic companion mammals 751 aqueous humor 196–198, 196–197 cornea 229–233, 230–232 fish 915 autoimmune disease of the eye endophthalmitis 234, 234 nonhuman primates 811–812 188–189, 194 eosinophilic inflammation 227, 227, rabbits 771–772 bacteria 188–190, 190, 194, 197–199 232, 232, 233 reptiles and birds 845–846 blepharitis 188–189, 191 equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) 233 sheep and goats 930–931 conjunctivae and nictitating membrane eyelid and adnexa 222–225, 223, see also ophthalmic cytology 190–194, 190–193, 199 225–226 ocular cytology of the cat 205–221 conjunctivitis 188–189, 190–194, fungus and yeast 226–227, 229–232, acute bullous keratopathy 212 190–193 231, 234

0004826143.INDD 986 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM Index 987

inflammation 222, 226–235, anatomy and histology 361 osteoarthritis (OA) 729, 729, 740 227–228, 230–232, 234 bacteria 361–362, 363, 364, 366, 370 osteochondritis dissecans (OD) 740 hemangiosarcoma 228–229, 228, 233 canine acanthomatous osteochondrosis 451 keratitis 229–232, 230–232 ameloblastoma (CAA) 368, osteoma 252 keratoconjunctivitis 230–231 369–371, 372 osteomyelitis lacrimal cyst (dacryops) 222 eosinophilic granuloma complex 365 bone and periarticular structures lymphoma 224, 226, 228, 233, 234 equine oral lesions 372–373 251–252, 251 mast cell tumors 222, 228, 229, 233 focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) 367, cattle 788, 788 neoplasms 222–225, 223, 225–226, 371 rabbits 772 228–229, 233–235 feline caudal mucositis 365 osteosarcoma (OSA) normal architecture and cytology feline inductive odontogenic tumors bone and periarticular structures 222, 226, 229, 233, 235 (FIOT) 372 252, 253 meibomian adenoma 225 fungal/yeast 364, 370 cytochemistry 64 melanoma 224, 226, 228, 233 gingivitis 364–365 esophagus and stomach 383 orbit 235 granular cell tumors 370 exotic companion mammals 751 parasites 227, 227 hyperplasia 361, 362, 365–372, 366, mammary glands 589 papilloma 224–225, 228 369–371 prostate 519 pseudotumor 227 imaging 364 rabbits 769–770, 772 sarcoid 222–225, 225, 227 indications 362 otic polyps 272, 273 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) inflammation 361, 362, 364–366, otitis externa 180–181 222–224, 223, 228, 233 268, 370, 372, 373 otitis media 179 uvea, aqueous humor, and vitreous lingual lesions 368–372 Otodectes spp. 181, 181 233–234, 234 mandibular and maxillary bone ovarian remnant syndrome 555 virus 224–225, 227, 230–231 lesions 372 ovaries 510–515 ocular melanosis 196, 197 mesenchymal neoplasms 366–368, advanced diagnostic techniques OD see osteochondritis dissecans 369, 371, 372, 373 514–515, 514 odontogenic tumors 368, 369–371, 372 mucosal and gingival lesions clinical signs and indications 510 odontoma 372, 373 364–368, 366, 369–371 conditions diagnosed by cytology oil red O 62, 425, 426 neoplasia 365–372, 366, 369–371 511–514 olfactory neuroblastoma 628–629 normal tissue architecture and cysts 514, 555 oligoastrocytoma 625 cytology 361–362, 362–363 fish 911 oligodendrocytes 621 papilloma 365, 366, 370 hematoma 514 oligodendroglioma 622, 623–625, 625 peripheral odontogenic fibroma inflammation 514 Onchocerca spp. 191–192 (POF) 366–368, 369, 371, 372 neoplasia 511–514, 512, 514, 555 oomycetes infections melanoma 367, 368, 373 normal histologic architecture and fish 886, 890–891, 901 safety 363–364 cytology 510–511 upper respiratory tract of the dog and sample collection 362–364 ovotestes 514 cat 269 Simonsiella 362, 363 ovarian remnant syndrome 555 ophthalmic cytology 184–187 squamous cell carcinoma 365–366, reptiles and birds 862 aqueous/vitreous paracentesis 371, 372, 373 sample collection 510 185–187 tonsils 372 vaginal cytology 555 cotton swab 184, 186, 187 ulcers 364–365, 367, 370, 373 cytobrush 184, 186 virus 364, 370 oral papilloma p fine‐needle aspiration 185 virus 365, 768 pAb see polycolonal antibodies Kimura spatula 184 orbit packed cell volume (PCV) 704–705 sample collection 184–187, 185–187 ocular cytology of the cat 207–208, PAGE see polyacrylamide gel scalpel blade 184, 186 213, 216–217, 216 electrophoresis scraping tools 184–185, 186–187 ocular cytology of the dog Pagetoid reticulosis 130 see also ocular cytology 199–200, 200 pancreas 445–453 oral cavity 361–379 ocular cytology of the horse 235 abscess 448 amyloid‐producing odontogenic orchitis 508, 508, 541 camelids 804, 805 tumors (APOT) 368 OSA see osteosarcoma carcinoma 448

0004826143.INDD 987 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM 988 Index

pancreas (cont’d) cattle 785, 785 PEH see pseudo‐placentational clinical signs and indications 445 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses endometrial hyperplasia conditions of the endocrine pancreas and large animals 658–659 pemphigus foliaceus (PF) 101, diagnosed by cytology ear cytology 181, 181 105–106, 105, 182 450–451, 450 esophagus and stomach 384, 387–388 Penicillium spp. 230 conditions of the exocrine pancreas exotic companion mammals 758 percutaneous image‐guided sampling 4 diagnosis by cytology 446–450, fecal cytology 407–409 perianal gland hyperplasia/neoplasia 447, 449–450 fish 884–890, 885–886, 887–891, 118–119, 123–124, 124 cysts and pseudocysts 446 896, 897–898, 900–901, 901, 902, pericardial fluid analysis 687–694 exotic companion mammals 751–753 905–911, 905–907, 913 advanced diagnostic fish 908–909, 914 intestines and rectum 402 techniques 690–691 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer invertebrates 926 cardiac troponin‐I 691 staging 439 lower respiratory tract of the dog and cattle 783, 795 hyperplasia 446, 447 cat 292–293, 293 chemodectoma 689 inflammation 447–448, 449 microbiologic review of cytology chylous effusion 690 necrosis 446–447 samples 26–27 conditions diagnosed by neoplasia 448–451, 449–450 nonhuman primates 816, 819 cytology 688–690, 688 nonhuman primates 816–817 reptiles and birds 844, 847, 851–852, contraindications and normal tissue architecture and 857–859 complications 687 cytology 446, 447 sheep and goats 930, 932–933 diagnostic utility 688 pancreatitis 448 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and feline infectious peritonitis 690 reptiles and birds 859 cat 730 hemorrhage 688, 688, 690 safety 445–446 upper respiratory tract of the dog and hemangiosarcoma 689 sample collection 445–446 cat 265–266 idiopathic pericardial effusion 690 pancreatitis 448, 449, 678 urine cytology 493, 494 impact of collection method on pancreatitis‐associated effusions 678 vaginal cytology 556 recovery rate 687 panniculitis 108 parasitic pneumonia 310–311 infection 690 Papanicolaou stains (Pap test) parathyroid glands 597–607, 599, 603 inflammation 690 15, 44, 483 adenoma 602–603, 603 lymphoma 689 papilloma advanced diagnostic techniques 604 mesothelial cells 688, 688 central nervous system 622, carcinoma 602–604 mesothelioma 689 626–627, 627, 633 clinical signs and indications 597 neoplasia 689 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog conditions of the parathyroid glands normal histologic architecture and and cat 646 diagnosed by cytology cytology 687–688 esophagus and stomach 382 602–604, 603 recovery rate 687 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 189, fish 915 sample collection 687 193, 194 histology 603, 603 pericardiocentesis 783 ocular cytology of the horse hyperplasia 602–603, 604 periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stains 224–225, 228 normal architecture and cytology central nervous system 622, 633 oral papilloma 365, 366, 370 598, 599 cytochemistry 62 viral papilloma 118–119, 120–122, safety 598 microbiologic review of cytology 122, 768 sample collection 597–598 samples 20–21 papillomatosis 365, 366 Parelaphostrongylus spp. 805, 805 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver parabasal cells 552 PARR see polymerase chain reaction for 425, 426 Paragonimus kellicotti 292 antigen receptor rearrangement periosteal proliferative polyarthritis 732 paraovarian cysts 514 PAS see periodic acid‐Schiff peripheral nerve sheath tumors parasitic infections Patnaik histologic grading system (PNST) 630 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis 141–142, 141 peripheral odontogenic fibroma in dogs and cats 698–700 PCR see polymerase chain reaction (POF) 366–368, 369, 371, 372 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis PCV see packed cell volume peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not in horses 716–717 Pearsonema spp., urine cytology otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) amphibians 872, 873 493, 494 329, 329

0004826143.INDD 988 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM Index 989

peritoneal fluid analysis abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis in dogs and cats 697 (PAGE) 80 in horses 714, 714, 716–721, 717 lymph nodes 320 polycolonal antibodies (pAb) 47 biomedical research and toxicity nonneoplastic disorders of the polymerase chain reaction for antigen studies 943 liver 423 receptor rearrangement (PARR) cattle 782–783, 793–794, 793 uterine cytology 570 fluid analysis 678 reptiles and birds 862–863, 863 plasma cell tumors 151–157 kidney 461 sheep and goats 929, 932 clinical findings 151–152 lymph nodes 320 peritonitis cytology 152–153, 152–153 molecular clonality testing 79–82 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis extramedullary plasmacytoma ocular cytology of the dog 197 in dogs and cats 701–702, 151–155, 152–153 pericardial fluid 691 706–707, 707 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer spleen 344, 346 cattle 794 staging 436–437, 437 thymus 354 fluid analysis 675, 679, 680 histopathology 153–154, 153 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kidney 460 immunohistochemistry 154–155 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses perivascular wall tumors (PWT) incidence 151 and large animals 656, 660–661 166–167, 167 intestines and rectum 401 cutaneous mast cell tumors 142 Perls’ Prussian blue mitotic index 153–154, 153 cytogenetics 90 cytochemistry 61, 61 multinucleated cells 153–154, 153 inflammatory skin nonneoplastic disorders of the liver multiple myeloma 151, 154–155 conditions 99–100 425, 426 oral cavity 367 lower respiratory tract of the dog and PF see pemphigus foliaceus plasma cell leukemia 151 cat 282 PH see portal hypertension sample collection 152 molecular clonality testing 82 phase contrast techniques 535 solitary plasma cell tumors of bone ocular cytology of the dog 191, pheochromocytoma 610–611, 611, 151, 155 192, 197 612, 718 treatment and prognosis 155 respiratory cytology of the horse phosphotungstic acid–hematoxylin plasmacytoma 151–155, 152–153 302, 309 (PTAH) 63–64 pleomorphic pigmented synovial fluid analysis of the dog and pH testing 690 melanoma 160 cat 732 physical examination 281–282 pleural fluid analysis synovial fluid analysis of the pigmentary keratitis syndrome 194, 194 abdominal and thoracic fluid horse 741 pigmentation analysis in horses 716, upper respiratory tract of the dog and melanoma 159–162, 159–160 718–719, 718 cat 266 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 193, camelids 803–804 polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) 194, 194, 195–197, 197, 199 cattle 783, 794–795 553–556 pigmented apocrine ductular PMN see polymorphonuclear cells polypoid cystitis 474, 474, 775–776 adenoma 119 PMRCT see primitive malignant round polyps 182, 272, 566, 566, 774 pigments cell tumor gastric 384–385 nonneoplastic disorders of the PNET see primitive neuroectodermal portal hypertension (PH) 695, liver 418–419 tumors 699–700, 716 reptiles and birds 838–839, 839, 853 Pneumocystis spp. postpartum vaginal cytology 555 special staining techniques lower respiratory tract of the dog and PR see progesterone receptor 61–62, 62 cat 291–292 prescapular lymph node aspirate 7 pilomatricoma 117–120, 118–119, 121 nonhuman primates 814, 814 previously stained slides 50 pineal tumors 633 respiratory cytology of the horse primary epithelial lung tumors pineoblastoma 628–629 308–309 293–295, 294–295 pineocytoma 633 pneumothorax 5, 714 primary non‐epithelial lung pituitary adenoma 632 PNST see peripheral nerve sheath tumors 295 pituitary gland 915 tumors primitive malignant round cell tumor plasma cell leukemia 151 pododermatitis 108–109 (PMRCT) 804 plasma cell pododermatitis of cats 108 POF see peripheral odontogenic primitive neuroectodermal tumors plasma cells fibroma (PNET) 628–629, 629

0004826143.INDD 989 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM 990 Index

progesterone 553 amphibians 874, 874 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog progesterone receptor (PR) 591 bone and periarticular and cat 641 proliferation markers 142 structures 252 concepts and definitions 43–44 proliferative enteropathy 774 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses cytologic–histologic correlation 45 proliferative gingival lesions 367 and large animals 658 fluid analysis 668–669 prostate 515–520 fecal cytology 408 general approach to diagnostic abscess 520 fish 884–887, 885, 887–889, 896, cytology 35 advanced diagnostic techniques 900, 905–906, 905–906, 913 immunocytochemistry 53 518, 520 invertebrates 926 miscellaneous performance clinical signs and indications 515 lymph nodes 324 measures 45 conditions diagnosed by microbiologic review of cytology molecular clonality testing 82 cytology 516–520 samples 24–27, 26–27 quality control 43, 45, 53 cysts 520 nonhuman primates 816, 816, 821 quality indicators 44 hyperplasia 515–516, 517, 520 ocular cytology of the dog 189, 191, rescreening 44–45 inflammation 515, 519–520, 521 191, 197 workload limits 45 neoplasia 516–519, 518 rabbits 771 quick stains 13–14, 672 normal tissue architecture and sheep and goats 933 cytology 516 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and r prostatitis 515, 519–520, 521 cat 730 RA see rheumatoid arthritis safety 516 protozoal pneumonia 292 rabbits 766–781 sample collection 515–516 PSA see prostate specific antigen biomedical research and toxicity squamous metaplasia 520, 521 psammoma bodies 511–513, 630, 630 studies 953 prostate specific antigen (PSA) 520 pseudogout 732 central nervous system 775 prostatic abscess 520 pseudo‐placentational endometrial eye 771–772 prostatic adenocarcinoma 517–519, hyperplasia (PEH) 566, 566 fluid analysis 778 518, 518 pseudotumors 227–228 foreign bodies 772–773 prostatitis 515, 519–520, 521 PTAH see phosphotungstic gastrointestinal 774 protein concentration acid–hematoxylin general information 766 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis PTCL‐NOS see peripheral T‐cell hepatobiliary 774–775 in dogs and cats 695–696, lymphoma not otherwise specified hyperplasia 766, 772–773, 777 699–703, 705, 707 pulmonary Langerhans cell infectious and inflammatory abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis histiocytosis 295 conditions 766–768, 767, 771, in horses 714–720 punch biopsy 100–101 773–776 biomedical research and toxicity PWT see perivascular wall tumors lymphatic and thymus 773–774 studies 942–943, 944 pyoderma 20, 101–102, 103, 105, 106 neoplasia 768–775, 770–771, cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses pyogenic granuloma 367–368 777–778 and large mammals 657 pyogranulomatous inflammation reproductive tract 777–778 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog general approach to diagnostic respiratory 772–773 and cat 638–639, 641, 644–646 cytology 36 sample collection 772, 774–775 fluid analysis 667–668, 675–676 lower respiratory tract of the dog and skin and subcutis 766–771, 767 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and cat 290 squamous metaplasia 773 cat 728, 728 microbiologic review of cytology urinary tract 775–777 synovial fluid analysis of the horse samples 20 radiography 737–738, 738 respiratory cytology of the horse bone and periarticular structures 250 proteomic analysis 741 307–310, 310 fluid analysis 668 Prototheca spp. pyometra 556, 562, 571–573 lower respiratory tract of the dog and cattle 792, 792 pyothorax 702 cat 282 intestines and rectum 402 Pythium spp. 23, 384, 387, 388 Raleigh chromosome 89–90 microbiologic review of cytology Rapid Cell Block™ method 76 samples 23–24 q rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT) 557 ocular cytology of the dog 198, 199 quality assurance (QA) 43–46 rapid staining techniques 13–14, 620 protozoal infections atypical/suspicious cytologies 44 rapid Wright–Giemsa stains 13–14, 535

0004826143.INDD 990 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM Index 991

rats 757–758, 758, 945–949, 947–948, lymphoid tissues, thymus, and reticular connective tissue 62 947, 953 spleen 852–854 reticulin silver 62 RBC see red blood cell mixed cell populations 840, 841 retina 198–199, 215–216 reactive lesions musculoskeletal 846–847, 846, 848 rhabdomyoma 244–245 dermal and subcutaneous necrosis 838 rhabdomyosarcoma 245 masses 125 neoplasia 840, 840, 844–846, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 731–732 esophagus and stomach 381 852–854 rhinitis 262–266, 269 oral cavity 367–368 pigments, amyloid, and crystals Rhinosporidium spp. 24, 263, 268, 268 reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 321, 838–840, 839, 847, 853, 860, rhodanine 322–323, 323 860–861 cytochemistry 61, 62 cytological findings 322, 323 reproductive 861–862, 861 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver potential regional variability 323 respiratory 847–852, 849–850, 426, 427 veterinary terminology 322–323 852–853 Rhodococcus spp. 308 rectal polyps 774 skin and subcutis 840–845, 842–844 rib mass 64 rectum urinary tract 859–861, 860 Rickettsia spp. 730 diseases of the rectum 400–406 rescreening 44–45 Rivalta test 703 inflammatory and infectious respiratory cytology rodents 756–759, 758 diseases 401–402 amphibians 873 guinea pigs 756–757 neoplasia 400–401, 401 camelids 803–804, 803 hamsters and gerbils 758–759 normal histological architecture and cattle 788–789 rats and mice 757–758, 758, cytology 395–396 exotic companion mammals 751 945–949, 947–948, 947, 953 sample collection 394–395 fish 899–902, 900–902 Romanowsky‐type stains red blood cell (RBC) counts nonhuman primates 812–815, advantages 12–13 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis 813–814 disadvantages 13, 13 in horses 714–715 rabbits 772–773 fluid analysis 672 biomedical research and toxicity reptiles and birds 847–852, 849–850, rapid Romanowsky‐type studies 941, 943–944 852–853 stains 13–14, 14–15 cerebrospinal fluid analysis sheep and goats 931–932 respiratory cytology of the 644–645, 657 see also lower respiratory tract of the horse 304 renal see kidney dog and cat; upper respiratory routine stains and automated reptiles and birds 828–868 tract of the dog and cat stainers 12–14 body cavity fluids 862–863, 863 respiratory cytology of the sample collection 5 central nervous system 862 horse 302–315 technical aspects 13, 14 clinical settings 828 abnormal cytological urine cytology 482–483 collection methods and applications findings 307–312 round cell tumors of cytology 828–829 atypical cells/neoplasia 311–312 camelids 804 conditions evaluated by clinical indications for sampling cattle 785–786, 786 cytology 840–863 302–303 exotic companion mammals cysts 837–838, 838 eosinophilic and mast cell 748–749, 751, 755 ear and eye 845–846, 845 inflammation 310–311 fluid analysis 678 gastrointestinal tract, liver, and hemosiderosis 311 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer pancreas 829, 854–859, lower airway 302–303 staging 436–437, 437, 856–859 neutrophilic, macrophagic, and mixed 439–441, 440 general cytologic categories inflammation 307–310, 310 intestines and rectum 396–397, 397 829–840 normal cytological findings of the kidney 461, 463 general information 828 LRT 305–307, 305–306, 307 oral cavity 367 hemorrhage 837, 838 normal cytological findings of the ovaries 514 infectious agents 831–837, 833–834, URT 304–305, 305 pancreas 450 835, 836–838, 843–844, 849–853, sample and slide preparation prostate 519 855–859, 863 303–304, 304 urinary bladder 472–473 inflammation 829–831, 829–830, sample collection techniques 302, 303 urine cytology 487–488, 488 831, 832–833, 841–844 upper airway 302 uterus 569

0004826143.INDD 991 7/14/2020 7:12:39 PM 992 Index

routine stains and automated concepts and definitions 3 spleen 343 stainers 12–17 cutaneous mast cell tumors 139 superficial or subcutaneous masses 3–4 concepts and definitions 12 cytochemistry 61 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and contamination 16 dermal and subcutaneous masses 115 cat 727 fixation 16, 16 diagnostic yield 6–8 synovial fluid analysis of the new methylene blue stain 16 ear cytology 179, 180 horse 736, 737 Papanicolaou stain 15 esophagus and stomach 380 testes 501 traditional Romanowsky‐type exotic companion mammals 747 thymus 352 stains 12–14, 13–15, 14 fecal cytology 407 thyroid gland 597–598 RSAT see rapid slide agglutination test fish 876–879, 877–879 upper respiratory tract of the dog and rubeanic acid fluid analysis 669–670, 940, 943–945 cat 264–265 cytochemistry 61, 62 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer urinary bladder 466–467, 467–468 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver staging 433 urine cytology 480–482, 952–953 426, 427 immunocytochemistry 48–49, 49 uterus 559–560 rumen fluid analysis implications for nondiagnostic vaginal cytology 552, 945–946 cattle 783–784, 783, 789 samples 7–8 sample handling and analysis sheep and goats 932 indications 4 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis inflammatory skin conditions in dogs and cats 696, 696 s 97–101, 99–100 biomedical research and toxicity S100 254 intestines and rectum 394–395 studies 953–958, 955, 956, 957 SAA see serum amyloid A invertebrates 921–925, 922, 924–925 central nervous system neoplasia in Saccharomyces spp. 774 kidney 457–458 the dog and cat 619–620 safety lower respiratory tract of the dog and cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses fluid analysis 669 cat 282–285, 283 and large animals 656–657 kidney 457–458 lymph nodes 319–320 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog oral cavity 363–364 mammary glands 582–583 and cat 638, 640–641 pancreas 445–446 melanoma 159 cytochemistry 61 parathyroid glands 598 methods 3–5 fluid analysis 670–673, 670–671, prostate 516 molecular clonality testing 80 673–675 thyroid gland 598 nonhuman primates 809–810 immunocytochemistry 48–50, 49 urinary bladder 467 nonneoplastic disorders of the liver lower respiratory tract of the dog and sample collection 3–11 414, 424–425 cat 285–286, 285, 286 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis ocular cytology of the cat 205–206, respiratory cytology of the in dogs and cats 696 214–215 horse 303–304, 304 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis ophthalmic/ocular cytology synovial fluid analysis of the dog and in horses 713–715, 714 184–187, 185–187 cat 727–728 adrenal gland 608–609 oral cavity 362–364 synovial fluid analysis of the horse advanced imaging 4–5 ovaries 510 736–738 amphibians 869 pancreas 445–446 urine cytology 482–483, 953–958, biomedical research and toxicity pericardial fluid 687 955, 956, 957 studies 940, 943–946, 951–953 plasma cell tumors 152 Saprolegnia spp. 871, 871 bone and periarticular parathyroid glands 597–598 Sarcocystis spp. 933 structures 249 prostate 515–516 microbiologic review of cytology camelids 800–801 rabbits 772, 774–775 samples 24 cattle 782–784, 783 reptiles and birds 828–829 sarcoid central nervous system neoplasia in respiratory cytology of the ocular cytology of the horse the dog and cat 619–620 horse 302, 303 222–225, 225, 227 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses sample preparation and dermal and subcutaneous masses 126 and large animals 655–656 staining 5–6, 6–8 soft tissue sarcomas 173 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog semen 531, 541, 951 sarcoma and cat 638 sheep and goats 929–930 esophagus and stomach 383 complications 4–5 soft tissue sarcomas 116, 166–176 exotic companion mammals 751, 756

0004826143.INDD 992 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM Index 993

fluid analysis 678 medusa forms 539 urinary tract 933 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer morphology 532, 535–539, 536–540, uterus 571–572 staging 435–436, 435 951, 951–952, 951 Shidham’s method 75 kidney 461, 462 motility 533–534, 950–951 Shope fibroma virus (SFV) 769, 770 oral cavity 366–367, 372, 373 nonhuman primates 820, 820 Shope papilloma virus 768 pancreas 450, 450 normal structure 531 siderotic nodules 344–345 rabbits 769–770, 772–773 pH 533 Simonsiella spp. 285–287, 362, 363 soft tissue sarcoma 116 plasma membrane integrity: sino‐orbital aspergillosis (SOA) spleen 346–348, 347–348 live–dead counts 540 216, 216 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and reptiles and birds 861–862, 861 sinusitis 269 cat 729, 729 sample collection 531, 541, 951 SIPS see subinvolution of placental sites upper respiratory tract of the dog and spermatozoal structure and function skeletal muscle 244–245 cat 272 531, 531 skin aspirates 21 urinary bladder 472 volume 532–533 skin scrapes 97, 876–878, 877–878 sarcomatoid carcinoma 518, 519 seminoma 502–505, 506, 510, 778 skin squeezing 97 sarcoptic mange/scabies 97, 103, 104 sentinel lymph nodes 331–332 SLE see systemic lupus erythematosus scalpel blades 98, 106, 184, 186 septic arthritis 739, 739 smooth muscle 246 scattered melanophages 563, 563 septic effusions 675, 678–679, SOA see sino‐orbital aspergillosis SCC see squamous cell carcinoma 679, 680 sodium urate crystals 958 Schmorl’s reaction 62 septic orchitis 508, 508 soft tissue sarcomas 116, 166–176 schwannoma 611–612 septic peritonitis 19, 675, 678–679, angiosarcoma 167–168, 168 scintigraphy 4 680, 701–702 fibrosarcoma 171–172, 171 scraping tools 184–185, 186–187 septic prostatitis 521 hemangiopericytoma (HEP) screening 5–6 septic ulceration 802–803 166–167 SCT see Sertoli cell tumors sequestra 212 hemangiosarcoma 168 sebaceous adenitis 767 seroma 131 liposarcoma 126, 168–169, 169 sebaceous adenoma 118–119, 122–123, serosal inclusion cysts 566 malignant peripheral nerve sheath 123, 189, 189, 193 Serratia spp. 508 tumors 169–171, 170 sebaceous carcinoma 118–119, Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) 502–504, 505, perivascular wall tumors (PWT) 122–123 509–510, 510 166–167, 167 sebaceous epithelioma 117, 118–119, Sertoli Leydig tumors 511–513 sample collection 166 122–123, 123 serum amyloid A (SAA) 741 sarcoid 173 sebaceous gland hyperplasia/neoplasia Setaria spp. 26 vaccine associated sarcoma 172, 172 122–123, 123 severe equine asthma 302, 309–310, 310 solid tissue tumors 439, 439 sediment activity time 784 sex cord‐stromal neoplasia 511–513, 512 solitary plasma cell tumors of sellar tumors 632 Sezary syndrome 130 bone 151, 155 semen 531–551 SFV see Shope fibroma virus SOP see standard operating procedures advanced techniques 541–542 SHC see sterile hemorrhagic cystitis special staining techniques 47–72 biomedical research and toxicity sheep and goats 929–936 caveats and pitfalls of studies 950–951, 951–952, 951 central nervous system 932–933 immunocytochemistry 53 cattle 784, 791 conditions evaluated by cytology cytochemical staining 58–64 clinical signs and indications 531 930–934 diagnostic applications of color and opacity 531–532 eye and ear 930–931 immunocytochemistry 53–58, concentration and total number gastrointestinal 932 54, 55–57 534–535 general information 929 general principles of disease 541 lymphatic 932 cytochemistry 58 epithelial cells 539 musculoskeletal 931 general principles of evaluation 531–540, 950–951 reproductive 933–934 immunocytochemistry 47–48, factors affecting standard respiratory 931–932 48, 48 examination results 541 sample collection and application of immunocytochemical staining 47–58 frequency of ejaculation 541 cytology 929–930 indications and applications of inflammatory cells 536–539 skin and subcutis 930 cytochemistry 58–61, 59–60

0004826143.INDD 993 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM 994 Index

special staining techniques (cont’d) spongioblastoma 628–629 steroid responsive meningitis arteritis mammary glands 590–591 Sporothrix schenckii complex 22–23 (SRMA) 642, 644–645, 645 melanoma 162 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stomach nonneoplastic disorders of the liver abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis conditions diagnosed by cytology 425–427, 426 in horses 719 384–389 overview and protocol of cattle 786–787 hyperplasia and metaplasia 384–385 immunocytochemistry 48–53, dermal and subcutaneous inflammation 386–389, 387–388 49–50, 51–52 masses 118–119, 120, 122, 122 neoplasia 385–386, 385 ovaries 514–515, 514 esophagus and stomach 382, normal histology and cytology 381 parathyroid glands 604 382, 386 sample collection 380 prostate 518, 520 exotic companion mammals 749, Streptococcus spp. quality assurance and quality control 753–754, 754, 759 bone 251 in immunocytochemistry 53 mammary glands 589 camelids 804–805, 806 sample collection and submission for nonhuman primates 817 nasal cavity dog 262 cytochemistry 61 ocular cytology of the cat 206, nonhuman primates 813, 813 semen 542 207–208, 212–213, 213, 216 respiratory cytology of the specific cytochemical stains 61–66, ocular cytology of the horse horse 308, 310 61–64 222–224, 223, 228, 233 stromal abscess 232 testes 509–510, 510 oral cavity 365–366, 371, 372, 373 subcutaneous masses see dermal and thyroid gland 604 prostate 517 subcutaneous masses species cross‐reactivity 53 rabbits 768 subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS) specific gravity 715 sheep and goats 930 555–556, 564, 567, 567 spectrophotometry 534 thymus 354–355 superficial cells spermatozoa see semen upper respiratory tract of the dog and dermal and subcutaneous masses sperm chromatin structure assay 542 cat 270–271 120–122, 122 sperm granuloma 509 urinary bladder 471 ocular cytology of the cat 209, 211 spinal nephroblastoma 622, 628, 629 squamous cells sample collection 3–4 spindle cell tumors 196 dermal and subcutaneous vaginal cytology 552–553 spleen 342–351 masses 120, 121 supersaturation disease 902, 902 angiomatous sarcoma 346–347, 347 mammary glands 589 suprasellar tumors 632 benign conditions 344–345, 344 respiratory cytology of the swim bladders 902–903 camelids 804 horse 304, 305 synovial fluid analysis diagnostic accuracy of splenic urine cytology 483, 484 analytical considerations 680 cytology 343–344 squamous metaplasia bacteria 730, 732, 738–739, fish 903–904, 904 prostate 520, 521 739, 741 histiocytic proliferative diseases rabbits 773 biomedical research and toxicity 347–348, 348 squash preparation studies 945 indications for cytology 342 fluid analysis 670–671, 670–671 bone and periarticular inflammatory disease 348 respiratory cytology of the horse structures 254 lymphoma 345–346, 345–346 304, 304 camelids 803 neoplasms 345–348, 345–348 sample collection 5 cattle 787–788 non‐angiomatous neoplasia 347 SRMA see steroid responsive meningitis cell counts, differential, slide nonhuman primates 815–816 arteritis preparation, and staining 728, normal cytology 343, 343 standardization/optimization 53 736–738 normal structure 342 standard operating procedures conditions diagnosed by cytology in prevalence of splenic (SOP) 669 dogs and cats 729–732, 729, 731 pathology 342–343 Staphylococcus spp. 101, 103, 106, 107, conditions diagnosed by cytology in reptiles and birds 852–854 251, 261, 586–587 horses 738–740 sample collection 343 stellate cells 414, 416, 420–421, 421 crystal deposition arthropathy 732 siderotic nodules 344–345 Stephanofilaria spp. 785 degenerative joint disease (DJD)/ splenic hyperplasia 344, 344 sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) osteoarthritis 729, 729, 740 splenomegaly 750 473–474 dogs and cats 727–735

0004826143.INDD 994 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM Index 995

eosinophilic synovitis 731, 740 camelids 804–805 inflammatory lesions 602 fungus, yeast 20, 730, 739 clinical signs and indications 501, 502 normal architecture and gross evaluation 727–728, 736, 737 conditions diagnosed by cytology 598 hemarthrosis 732, 736, 740 cytology 502–509 safety 598 horses 736–743 cystic conditions 509 sample collection 597–598 idiopathic immune‐mediated degenerative conditions 509 tyrosine 598, 599, 601 polysynovitis 740 fish 911–912, 912 thyroglossal duct cyst 602 immune‐mediated polyarthritis histological architecture and thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) (IMPA) 731, 731, 733 cytology 501–502, 502, 503 293–294 inflammatory disease 729–732, 731, infectious agents 508, 508 tissue clot methods 74 738–740, 739 inflammation 508–509 TNCC see total nucleated cell count injections and implants 732, 740 neoplasia 502–508, 505–508, 510 toluidine blue miscellaneous conditions 732 rabbits 777–778 cytochemistry 63, 63 neoplasia 729, 729 sample collection 501 nonneoplastic disorders of the nonhuman primates 812, 812 sheep and goats 934 liver 426, 427 normal histologic architecture and sperm granuloma 509 tonsil 261, 372 cytology 728, 728, 738, 738 thecoma 511–513 toothpicks 98 osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) 740 Thelazia spp. 192 total nucleated cell count (TNCC) other diagnostic techniques and third eyelid, see nictitating membrane abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis biomarkers 732–733, 741 thoracic fluid analysis see abdominal in dogs and cats 695–697, 699, parasites 730 and thoracic fluid analysis 701, 703, 705, 707 periosteal proliferative thoracocentesis 696, 713, 714, 783 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis polyarthritis 732 thymofibrolipoma 354 in horses 714–720 protozoa 730 thymolipoma 354 biomedical research and toxicity reptiles and birds 846–847, 846 thymoma 352–354, 353, 770, 773–774 studies 940–943, 945 rheumatoid arthritis 731–732 thymus 352–357 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses Rickettsia 730 camelids 804 and large mammals 657–658 sample collection 727, 736, 737 diseases of the thymus 352–355 cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog sheep and goats 931 lymphoma 354 and cat 638–641, 644–646 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nonhuman primates 815–816 fluid analysis 667–671, 676 731, 731, 740 normal structure and function respiratory cytology of the horse traumatic noninfectious synovitis 739 352, 353 303–304 virus 730 rabbits 773–774 synovial fluid analysis of the dog and synovial sarcoma 254 reptiles and birds 852–854 cat 728–729, 732–733 syphilis 767–768 sampling for cytology 352 synovial fluid analysis of the horse systemic lupus erythematosus thymoma 352–354, 353 736–740 (SLE) 731, 731 uncommon thymic conditions total quality management (TQM) 43 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐ 354–355 TOTW see transoral tracheal wash like syndrome 740 thyroid gland 597–607, 599–603 touch imprint 394 systemic mycosis 490–492, 492–493 adenoma 600–602 toxicity studies see biomedical research advanced diagnostic techniques 604 and toxicity studies t carcinoma 598, 599, 600–602, toxins 464 TAT see turnaround time 600–602 Toxoplasma spp. 292, 698, 698 TCB see transcervical biopsy clinical signs and indications 597 microbiologic review of cytology TCC see transitional cell carcinoma colloid 598, 599–603, 600–602 samples 24 teratoma conditions of the thyroid gland tracheal wash (TW) ovaries 513 diagnosed by cytology 600–602, camelids 800, 803 rabbits 778 600–602 lower respiratory tract of the dog and testes 503, 505, 506 cystic lesions 602 cat 282–283, 285–286 testes 501–510 fish 914 respiratory cytology of the advanced diagnostic techniques histology 600–601, 600–603 horse 302–304, 306–312 509–510, 510 hyperplasia 600–601 sheep and goats 929

0004826143.INDD 995 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM 996 Index

tracheobronchial brushing 284, 286 u noninfectious rhinitis 266 transcervical biopsy (TCB) 561 UC see urothelial carcinoma other conditions mimicking transcervical uterine lavage ulcerative cystitis 475 neoplasia 272 559–560 ulcerative keratitis 229–232, 230–231 otic and nasopharyngeal polyps and transferability 33 ulcerative pododermatitis 767 nasal hamartoma 272, 273 transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma ulcers, oral 364–365, 367, 370, 373 parasitic infections 265–266 (TCC) ultimobranchial gland 915 Rhinosporidium spp. 268, 268 cytogenetics 90–91 ultrasonography (US) microbiologic review of cytology prostate 516–519, 518, 518 adrenal gland 608 samples 24 upper respiratory tract of the dog and fluid analysis 668 sample collection 264–265 cat 270–271 hepatobiliary neoplasia and cancer sarcoma and chondrosarcoma 272, urinary bladder 466–467, 468, staging 433 272 470–471, 471 lower respiratory tract of the dog and upper airway anatomy 261 urine cytology 485–487, 486–487 cat 282 viral rhinitis and sinusitis transitional smears 949 pancreas 445 269, 269 transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) prostate 517 urinary bladder 466–479 128–129, 129, 193 sample collection 4–5 benign epithelial tumors 470 transoral tracheal wash (TOTW) testes 504 clinical signs and indications 466 282–283 urinary bladder 468, 474 exotic companion mammals 753 transthoracic lung aspiration 284 uterus 559 hyperplasia 469, 469 transtracheal wash (TTW) ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle inflammatory conditions lower respiratory tract of the dog and aspiration 473–475, 474 cat 282–283, 285 adrenal gland 608–609 malignant epithelial tumors nonhuman primates 813 complications 4–5 470–471, 471 respiratory cytology of the esophagus and stomach 380 mesenchymal tumors 472 horse 302–304, 306–312 general approach 4–5 neoplasia 469–473, 471 transudates pancreas 445–446 normal tissue architecture and abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis parathyroid glands 597 cytology 467–469, 469 in dogs and cats 699–700 prostate 515, 517 round cell tumors 472–473 abdominal and thoracic fluid analysis thyroid gland 597–598 safety 467 in horses 716 uterus 560 sample collection 466–467, cattle 794 undifferentiated carcinoma, 467–468 fluid analysis 668 prostate 517 squamous cell carcinoma 471 traumatic lesions 567, 568 upper respiratory tract of the dog and transitional cell carcinoma traumatic noninfectious synovitis 739 cat 261–280 470–471 Treponema spp. 767–768 age 263–264 urinary tract infections (UTI) trichoblastoma 117–120, 118–119 bacterial rhinitis 266 camelids 804 trichography 97–98, 103 Blastomyces spp. 267 nonhuman primates 817–819, 818 Trichomonas spp. 402 carcinoma and adenocarcinoma rabbits 775–777 Trichophyton spp. 102, 103, 106, 785 270–271, 271 sheep and goats 933 triglycerides 418, 705–706 clinical findings 262–265, 263, urine cytology 480, 481–482 triple phosphate crystals 956 264–265 urine cytology/urinalysis 480–497 TTF‐1 see thyroid transcription factor‐1 conditions of the URT 265–272 biomedical research and toxicity TTW see transtracheal wash Cryptococcus spp. 267–268, 267 studies 939–940, 952–958, 955, tubular epithelial cells 483 epistaxis 265 956, 957 tuleramia 324–325 fungal rhinitis 266 camelids 800–801 turnaround time (TAT) 44 inflammation 262–264, 266, 272 clinical signs and indications 480, TVT see transmissible venereal tumors lymphoma 271–272 481–482 TW see tracheal wash nasal microorganisms 261–262 color and clarity 954 Tyzzer’s disease 775 neoplasms 262–264, 263, 264–265, conditions diagnosed by urine T‐zone lymphoma (TZL) 329–330, 331 269–272, 270, 271–273 cytology 483–493

0004826143.INDD 996 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM Index 997

epithelial cell hyperplasia/dysplasia/ horses 567, 570–571, 571 indications 552 neoplasia 483–487, 485–487 hyperplastic lesions 559, 563, menstrual cycle 949 fish 909–911 565–567, 565–567 metritis 556, 571, 573 hematuria 488 inflammatory lesions 570–573, neoplasia 555, 556 infection 480, 481–482, 490–493, 571–572 non‐cornified epithelium and 491–494 leiomyoma 568, 568 hemorrhagic vulvar discharge inflammation 489–490, 489 leiomyosarcoma 569, 569 555–556 normal tissue architecture and lymphoma 569 non‐cornified epithelium and cytology 483, 484 neoplasia 568–570, 568–569 mucoid/muropurulent vulvar reptiles and birds 860–861 normal cytology and histology discharge 556–557, 556 round cell neoplasia 487–488, 488 560–563, 560–563, 564 nonhuman primates 819–821, sample collection 480–482 pseudo‐placentational endometrial 819–820, 949–950 sediment examination 954–958, 955, hyperplasia 566, 566 ovarian follicular cysts 555 956, 957 rabbits 777 ovarian remnant syndrome 555 slide preparation 482–483 sample collection 559–560 physiological conditions managed or species‐specific collection methods serosal inclusion cysts 566 diagnosed by cytology 553–555, 952–953 sheep 571–572 553–554 uroabdomen 678, 707, 720 subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS) postpartum 555 uroperitoneum 564, 567, 567 rabbits 777 cats 707 torsion 567, 568 rats and mice 945–949, 947–948, 947 cattle 794 traumatic lesions 567, 568 sample collection 552, 945–946 dogs 707 uterine stump 562, 564, 568, sheep and goats 933–934 fluid analysis 678 569, 569 subinvolution of placental sites horses 720 uterine torsion 567, 568 (SIPS) 555–556 urothelial carcinoma (UC), see also UTI see urinary tract infections vaginitis 556–557, 556 transitional cell carcinoma uvea 233–234, 234 vaginitis 556–557, 556 cytogenetics 90–91 uveal melanoma 160–161 vascular endothelial growth factor prostate 517–519, 518 uveitis 196–198, 196, 233 (VEGF) 623, 629 urine cytology 485–487, 486–487 vimentin 246, 247, 254 urothelial cells 483, 484 v Venezuelan equine encephalitis urothorax 707, 720 vaccine associated sarcoma (VEE) 659 URT see upper respiratory tract 172, 172 viral infections US see ultrasound vacuolar change 416–418 abdominal and thoracic fluid uterus 559–581 vaginal cytology 552–558 analysis in dogs and cats adenoma 568 biomedical research and toxicity 703, 703 adenocarcinoma 568–569, 569 studies 945–950, 947–948, 947 cattle 785–786, 789 adenomyosis 566 breeding management 553–554, cerebrospinal fluid analysis in artificial insemination 573 553–554 horses and large animals camelids 572, 804 Brucellosis 557 658–659 cattle 571, 784, 791 cells and stages of the estrous cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the dog clinical signs and indications 559 cycle 553–556, 553–554, and cat 643 cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) 946–949, 947–948 dermal and subcutaneous masses 559, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 565, cells and stages of the estrous cycle in 121–122, 122 566, 571–573 the cat 554, 554–555 exotic companion mammals 748 developmental lesions 567, 567 cells and stages of the estrous cycle in fish 892, 894, 902–904 dogs and cats 564, 572–573, 572 the dog 553–554, 553–554 invertebrates 926 endometrial polyps 566, 566 cell types 552–553 nonhuman primates 821 endometriosis, equine 567 clinical signs and indications 552 nonneoplastic disorders of the estrus cycle 562, 564 coagulopathies 556 liver 420 fibroma 568 collection 552 ocular cytology of the cat 206, fish 911 cornified epithelium 555, 555 209–214

0004826143.INDD 997 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM 998 Index

viral infections (cont’d) viral pneumonia 292 white blood cell (WBC) counts 944 ocular cytology of the dog 189–191, vitreocentesis 185–187, 215 Wood’s lamp 98–99 191, 197 vitreous humor workload limits 45 ocular cytology of the horse ocular cytology of the cat 207–208, Wright Giemsa stains 19, 20–21 224–225, 227, 230–231 214, 215 rabbits 768–769, 773 ocular cytology of the dog 195, 198 x reptiles and birds 833–837, 834, ocular cytology of the horse xanthoma 127 835, 836–838, 843, 845, 851, 233–234, 234 X‐chromosome inactivation profiling 855–856, 863 von Kossa 62 (XCIP) 79, 82 respiratory cytology of the horse 302, 309–310 w y sheep and goats 931–932 water accumulation 418 yeast infections see fungal/yeast synovial fluid analysis of the dog and WB see Western blot infections cat 730 WBC see white blood cell Yersinia spp. 325 upper respiratory tract of the dog and well‐differentiated liposarcoma cat 269, 269 (WDL) 169 z urinary bladder 474 Western blot (WB) 660 Zymbal gland tumors 757, 758

0004826143.INDD 998 7/14/2020 7:12:40 PM