DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 8: Taxation of International E-Trade: Russian Particularities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Chapter 8 Taxation of international e-trade: Russian particularities Alexander Pogorletskiy and Sergei Sutyrin*1 Abstract Tax rates on e-commerce in Russia should remain moderate, given the small size of its digital trade operations (so the rise in tax revenues from higher rates would be small) and substantial growth prospects (so future tax revenues from a developed sector could be quite large). The Russian Federation’s (Russia’s) taxation of e-commerce activities presents two important challenges. First, consumer goods purchased directly from foreign online sellers enjoy significant tax advantages compared to imports purchased in Russian retail outlets, undermining the profitability of Russian importers and reducing tax revenues. Second, the value-added tax (VAT) levied on foreign exporters of electronic services creates uncertainty because the legal definition of electronic services is unclear and impedes the operations of multinational companies in Russia because VAT is taxed on intra-firm imports of services. Russian authorities are establishing effective automated systems for collecting taxes and customs duties on cross-border e-commerce, calculating VAT compensation to exporters and accounting for receipts from online stores. These systems will help to prevent abuse of the tax system, as well as reduce the cost of compliance by firms. * The contents of this chapter are the sole responsibility of the authors and are not meant to represent the position or opinions of the WTO or its members. 180 CHAPTER 8 Introduction The basic idea developed by the authors is that the tax regulation Issues of tax regulation on of international e-trade should be international e-trade transactions implemented very cautiously. Cross- became relevant immediately border e-commerce transactions in following the emergence of the value terms are still very modest virtual component of international compared to traditional trade in goods trade at the turn of the 21st century. and services. At the same time, they Over the past 20 years, the most have a clear potential for impressive obvious problems in this area have growth. Thus, a large portion of the been solved, for example, the revenues from taxing international remoteness of transactions and the e-trade incomes and operations in the related complexity of determining the short term could be foregone in the jurisdiction of the sales revenues interest of supporting the long-run formation, the qualification of sales growth of the sector through low/ revenues in the context of existing moderate taxation. We also argue double taxation agreements, and the that expansion of international application of indirect taxes, especially e-commerce in its turn would facilitate VAT and sales taxes, to e-commerce overall trade and gross domestic transactions. Modern information product (GDP) growth (see also technologies and the digitalization of Sokolovska, 2016). the economy contribute to the improvement of tax administration Particularities of foreign methods and the tax control of trade and its virtual electronic foreign trade transactions, component development including those operating on the basis in Russia of intergovernmental cooperation. At the same time, the taxation of cross- Some of the necessary tools to border e-commerce transactions in encourage foreign trade are taxes national economies in the current and duties, which can also be used conditions of global economic to obtain the necessary resources for development is still beset by a number the targeted budget financing of state of challenges actively discussed by the programmes that support foreign academic community. economic operations. With the digitalization of the national economies This chapter analyses features and the entire system of international of the tax regulation of international economic relations, an increasing (cross-border) e-trade operations number of transactions take place in the Russian Federation (Russia). in a virtual form. This is also true for We note the particularities of foreign international trade, which firstly can trade and its virtual component be carried out in the field of export development in Russia, discuss and import of tangible goods and the intricacies of cross-border services based on new digital e-commerce transaction taxation technologies, and secondly gradually and consider the tax specifics of includes in its turnover an increasing international e-trade operations with amount of virtual digital content. digital content in Russia, as well Taxation should also adapt to such as tax administration issues. e-commerce operations by properly CHAPTER 8 181 regulating related transactions 2019). The rapid growth rate of the with tangible goods and digital cross-border e-commerce segment is items, including e-services and obviously an interesting issue for tax virtual content. regulation in Russia, especially in the context of the stimulating role of Both e-trade as a whole and its taxation (OECD, 2018; Sperling, cross-border component are small Orszag and Gale, 2001). That is, in comparison with retail sales in the maintaining moderate tax rates on domestic market or with the foreign e-trade (rather than increasing tax trade in goods and services (Table 1). rates) would support its continued, Nevertheless, while e-commerce is rapid growth. And given economies of only 4 per cent of Russia’s retail trade scale in this market, encouraging the turnover, cross-border e-trade is growth of e-trade could eventually already 27 per cent of the total Russian result in large, profitable firms that internet trade market (Central Bank provide substantial extra tax revenues. of the Russian Federation, 2018, pp. 52-53). Moreover, cross-border The small size of e-commerce in Russia e-commerce sales have increased is roughly in line with international rapidly (by 20 per cent in 2018), as trends. Currently, less than 1 per cent have international parcels related to the of the value of world exports and delivery of tangible goods ordered in imports are digital products, and their foreign internet stores to Russian share has in fact decreased: in the early buyers (25 per cent in 2018) (IEP, 2000s, it exceeded 2 per cent (WTO, Table 1: Key characteristics of cross-border e-trade in Russia 2019 2017 2018 (estimated) Sales (in billions, RUB) 262 316 360–380 Sales (in billions, US$) 4.5 5.0 – Share in total e-commerce sales 25% 26% 27% in Russia Share in total retail sales in Russia 3.5% 4% – Share in total export and import goods 0.60% 0.61% – and services trade of Russia Share in GDP 0.35% 0.44% – Volume of international parcels of Russian 264 330 – Post (in millions) The main country of departure of international parcels to Russian recipients China (91%) China (94%) – (share of all countries) Average declared value of an international parcel to the Russian recipient (RUB, with – 564 (7.6) – equivalent in (EUR)) Source: The Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Bank of Russia, available at: http://www.cbr.ru/ collection/collection/file/5913/bulletin_18-03.pdf. 182 CHAPTER 8 2018, p. 93). E-trade accounts for a exchange using the internet, then such relatively small proportion of the total operations can be characterized as amount of retail operations. The share electronic commerce (e-commerce or of e-commerce in global retail sales e-trade). Thus, any purchase of both is just over 10 per cent (Amasty, material goods or services and virtual 2018). Thus, for all its potential digital content, if carried out using a attractiveness, e-commerce – computer or a mobile device especially cross-border – is not yet a connected to the internet, can be significant component in the business- characterized as e-commerce in a to-consumer (B2C) segment.2 At the broad sense of the word. In view of the same time, it is necessary to consider rapid spread of relevant technologies, its high growth potential; the growth many worldwide trade operations – as of sales in global e-commerce interpreted by UNCITRAL in 1996 – transactions in 2018 was 21.6 are based on electronic channels of per cent (Merehead, 2018), data exchange between the seller and significantly outstripping both the the buyer. Major components of the growth of the world economy (3.1 process include the search for goods, per cent in 2018) and the growth of services and digital products; their global exports in goods and services order; order confirmation by the seller; (4.3 per cent in 2018).3 non-cash payment by the customer of the purchase using electronic bank All of the above suggests that, at payments; and issuance of an present, due to the limited importance electronic cash receipt to inform the of e-commerce, including cross-border, buyer of the delivery of the paid goods. the fiscal effect of its taxation on national budgets (including the Russian From the point of view of our one) is insignificant. Thus, the tax discussion, e-commerce transactions regulation of cross-border e-commerce should be divided into two should not focus on increasing the components: collection of direct and indirect taxes, but rather should seek to support the 1. Remote purchase of material goods rapid growth of e-commerce activities. through virtual stores or platforms, where the delivery of goods is Features of taxation of carried out through the sales cross-border e-commerce channels mechanically with transactions electronic payment or cash to the courier (representative of the The United Nations Commission on seller); and International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce 2.
Recommended publications
  • Is Panama Really Your Tax Haven? Secrecy Jurisdictions

    Is Panama Really Your Tax Haven? Secrecy Jurisdictions

    Is Panama really your tax haven? Secrecy jurisdictions and the countries they harm Petr Janský, Markus Meinzer, Miroslav Palanský1 Abstract Secrecy jurisdictions provide services that enable the residents of other countries to escape the laws and regulations of their home economies, evade tax, or hide their legally or illegally obtained assets. Recent offshore leaks offer only a limited and biased view of the world of financial secrecy. In this paper we quantify which secrecy jurisdictions provide secrecy to which countries and assess how successful countries are in targeting these jurisdictions with their policies. To that objective we develop the Bilateral Financial Secrecy Index (BFSI) and estimate it for 86 countries by quantifying the financial secrecy supplied to them by up to 100 secrecy jurisdictions. We then evaluate two major recent policy efforts by comparing them with the results of the BFSI. First, we focus on the blacklisting process of the European Commission and find that most of the important secrecy jurisdictions for EU member states have been identified by the lists. Second, we link the results to data on active bilateral automatic information exchange treaties to assess how well- aimed are the policymakers’ limited resources. We argue that while low-secrecy jurisdictions’ gains are maximized if a large share of received secrecy is covered by automatic information exchange, tax havens aim not to activate these relationships with countries to which they supply secrecy. Our results show that so far, some major secrecy jurisdictions successfully keep their most prominent relationships uncovered by automatic information exchange, and activating these relationships may thus be an effective tool to curb secrecy.
  • Fixing U.S. International Taxation

    Fixing U.S. International Taxation

    DANIEL N. SHAVIRO FIXING U.S. INTERNATIONAL TAXATION 2 FIXING U.S. INTERNATIONAL TAXATION (forthcoming Oxford University Press, 2014) Daniel N. Shaviro June 2013 All Rights Reserved 2 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW A Fork in the Road? Yogi Berra once offered the advice, “When you come to a fork in the road, take it.” He could almost have been speaking about the U.S. international tax rules, which govern how we tax cross-border or multinational investment. For “outbound” investment, or that earned abroad by U.S. companies, the U.S. rules, for almost a century, have muddled along in the netherworld between two sharply etched approaches that dominate the literature, each intuitively appealing but utterly inconsistent with the other. The first approach is called worldwide or residence-based taxation. Under it, the U.S. would impose tax at the same rate on U.S. companies’ foreign source income (FSI) as on their domestic income. The great apparent virtue of this approach is that it would prevent the companies from reducing their U.S. tax liability by investing (or reporting income) abroad rather than at home. The second approach is called source-based or territorial taxation. Under it, the U.S., recognizing that foreign companies pay no U.S. tax when they invest abroad, would extend this same U.S. tax exemption for FSI to its own companies. (This approach is therefore also called exemption). The great apparent virtue of this approach is that it would avoid placing U.S. companies under a competitive disadvantage, as compared to their foreign rivals, when they invest abroad.
  • EMERGING ISSUES in INTERNATIONAL TAXATION – CHALLENGES and WAY FORWARD by PATIENCE T

    EMERGING ISSUES in INTERNATIONAL TAXATION – CHALLENGES and WAY FORWARD by PATIENCE T

    EMERGING ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TAXATION – CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD By PATIENCE T. RUBAGUMYA COMMISSIONER LEGAL SERVICES AND BOARD AFFAIRS OUTLINE L 1 Introduction 2 Challenges in international taxation taxation 3 Proposed Way forward 4 Conclusion INTRODUCTION Structure of Budget Financing in Uganda and most African Countries: • Reliance on taxes to fund current and development expenditure • About 70% of the taxes are collected from domestic resources • Domestic resource mobilization is therefore key for sustainable development and thus the focus is now on international taxation and implementing strategies to enhance compliance with Transfer Pricing Regulations, Preventing Treaty Abuse and Policy redesign CHALLENGES Treaty Abuse: • This is a realistic challenge. Most treaties in developing countries are being abused due to inadequacy of the beneficial ownership anti provision. • Treaties are vulnerable to abuse and this is as a result of the way the provisions in those treaties are structured and as such the vice of treaty shopping is prevalent. CHALLENGES • Lack of information about worldwide activities and operations of multinational entities and finding comparable data for transfer pricing cases. • The MNEs create cash boxes in preferential tax regimes jurisdictions and these erode the tax base of developing countries through the payments of royalties and interest without substantial presence and value creation in such jurisdictions. CHALLENGES • Inadequate capacity of staff International taxation is complex, takes about four years to build expertise of tax official in international taxation matters. • Limited financing for capacity building programmes in the face of competing demands for resources which thus undermines domestic resource mobilization efforts. CHALLENGES- EXTRACTIVES • Some developing countries have significant oil reserves and other natural resources and often the right to tax income from the activities relating to exploitation of such resources is often an area of disputes that end up in costly international arbitration cases.
  • Excise Duties on Beer: Australia in International Perspective

    Excise Duties on Beer: Australia in International Perspective

    Excise Duties on Beer: Australia in International Perspective Prof Kym Anderson AC Wine Economics Research Centre School of Economics University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Phone +61 8 8313 4712 [email protected] February 2020 (This paper updates analysis provided in August 2019) Paper prepared for the Brewers Association of Australia, PO Box 4021, Manuka, ACT 2603 2 Excise Duties on Beer: Australia in International Perspective Almost all high-income and developing countries tax the consumption of commercially produced beer, Monaco being a rare exception (WHO 2018, 2019). Excise duties are applied to wholesale prices of beer, typically at rates that vary according to their alcohol content, so to compare across countries one needs to define a standard beer. This paper defines a standard beer as one that has 4.4% alcohol by volume, which is the average alcohol content of beer consumed in Australia. Numerous countries have lower duties on the beers of small brewers and also on lower-alcohol beers, while some also have higher duties on higher-alcohol beers. However, since the definitions of those non-standard beer categories vary greatly across countries, they are not easy to tabulate and so are not included here. To the author’s knowledge, Australia is the only country to have different rates of excise duty for draught and packaged beer, the draught rate being only 70% of that for packaged beer. Both rates are presented in the comparison below as well as their volume-weighted average. According to Euromonitor International (2018), 78% of the volume of beer consumed in Australia in 2017 was off-trade, not including cafes and restaurants.
  • What Is an 'Excise Tax' What Is an 'Indirect Tax'

    What Is an 'Excise Tax' What Is an 'Indirect Tax'

    Memo Date: September 24, 2018 To: Assembly, CFO From: Debra Schnabel, Manager, Haines Borough Re: Excise Taxes generally, selected states and municipal levies What is an 'Excise Tax' An excise tax is an indirect tax on the sale of a particular good or service such as fuel, tobacco and alcohol. Indirect means the tax is not directly paid by an individual consumer — instead, the government levies the tax on the producer or merchant, who passes it onto the consumer by including it in the product's price. Excise taxes are imposed by all levels of government — federal, state and municipal. These taxes fall into one of two categories: ad valorem and specific. Ad valorem excise taxes are fixed percentage rates assessed on particular goods or services. Specific taxes are fixed dollar amounts applied to certain purchases. What is an ‘Indirect Tax’ An indirect tax is collected by one entity in the supply chain (usually a producer or retailer) and paid to the government, but it is passed on to the consumer as part of the purchase price of a good or service. The consumer is ultimately paying the tax by paying more for the product. Indirect taxes are defined by contrasting them with direct taxes. Indirect taxes can be defined as taxation on an individual or entity, which is ultimately paid for by another person. The body that collects the tax will then remit it to the government. But in the case of direct taxes, the person immediately paying the tax is the person that the government is seeking to tax.
  • World Energy Perspectives Rules of Trade and Investment | 2016

    World Energy Perspectives Rules of Trade and Investment | 2016

    World Energy Perspectives Rules of trade and investment | 2016 NON-TARIFF MEASURES: NEXT STEPS FOR CATALYSING THE LOW- CARBON ECONOMY ABOUT THE WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL The World Energy Council is the principal impartial network of energy leaders and practitioners promoting an affordable, stable and environmentally sensitive energy system for the greatest benefit of all. Formed in 1923, the Council is the UN- accredited global energy body, representing the entire energy spectrum, with over 3,000 member organisations in over 90 countries, drawn from governments, private and state corporations, academia, NGOs and energy stakeholders. We inform global, regional and national energy strategies by hosting high-level events including the World Energy Congress and publishing authoritative studies, and work through our extensive member network to facilitate the world’s energy policy dialogue. Further details at www.worldenergy.org and @WECouncil ABOUT THE WORLD ENERGY PERSPECTIVES – NON-TARIFF MEASURES: NEXT STEPS FOR CATALYSING THE LOW-CARBON ECONOMY The World Energy Perspective on Non-tariff Measures is the second report in a series looking at how an open global trade and investment regime concerning energy and environmental goods and services can foster the transition to a low-carbon economy. Building on the previous report on tariff barriers to environmental goods, this report highlights twelve significant non-tariff measures (NTMs) directly affecting the energy industry and investments in this sector. The World Energy Council has identified that these barriers greatly impact countries’ trilemma performance, the triple challenge of achieving secure, affordable and environmentally sustainable energy systems. Through this work, the Council seeks to inform policymakers as to what extent countries should address non-tariff measures to improve trade conditions, and eliminate unnecessary additional costs to trade, ultimately fostering national economic development.
  • The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy

    The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy

    The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy Alex Cobham, Petr Janský, and Markus Meinzer Abstract Both academic research and public policy debate around tax havens and offshore finance typically suffer from a lack of definitional consistency. Unsurprisingly then, there is little agreement about which jurisdictions ought to be considered as tax havens—or which policy measures would result in their not being so considered. In this article we explore and make operational an alternative concept, that of a secrecy jurisdiction and present the findings of the resulting Financial Secrecy Index (FSI). The FSI ranks countries and jurisdictions according to their contribution to opacity in global financial flows, revealing a quite different geography of financial secrecy from the image of small island tax havens that may still dominate popular perceptions and some of the literature on offshore finance. Some major (secrecy-supplying) economies now come into focus. Instead of a binary division between tax havens and others, the results show a secrecy spectrum, on which all jurisdictions can be situated, and that adjustment lfor the scale of business is necessary in order to compare impact propensity. This approach has the potential to support more precise and granular research findings and policy recommendations. JEL Codes: F36, F65 Working Paper 404 www.cgdev.org May 2015 The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy Alex Cobham Tax Justice Network Petr Janský Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague Markus Meinzer Tax Justice Network A version of this paper is published in Economic Geography (July 2015).
  • The Relationship Between MNE Tax Haven Use and FDI Into Developing Economies Characterized by Capital Flight

    The Relationship Between MNE Tax Haven Use and FDI Into Developing Economies Characterized by Capital Flight

    1 The relationship between MNE tax haven use and FDI into developing economies characterized by capital flight By Ali Ahmed, Chris Jones and Yama Temouri* The use of tax havens by multinationals is a pervasive activity in international business. However, we know little about the complementary relationship between tax haven use and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the developing world. Drawing on internalization theory, we develop a conceptual framework that explores this relationship and allows us to contribute to the literature on the determinants of tax haven use by developed-country multinationals. Using a large, firm-level data set, we test the model and find a strong positive association between tax haven use and FDI into countries characterized by low economic development and extreme levels of capital flight. This paper contributes to the literature by adding an important dimension to our understanding of the motives for which MNEs invest in tax havens and has important policy implications at both the domestic and the international level. Keywords: capital flight, economic development, institutions, tax havens, wealth extraction 1. Introduction Multinational enterprises (MNEs) from the developed world own different types of subsidiaries in increasingly complex networks across the globe. Some of the foreign host locations are characterized by light-touch regulation and secrecy, as well as low tax rates on financial capital. These so-called tax havens have received widespread media attention in recent years. In this paper, we explore the relationship between tax haven use and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries, which are often characterized by weak institutions, market imperfections and a propensity for significant capital flight.
  • Taxing Energy Use 2019: Country Note – China

    Taxing Energy Use 2019: Country Note – China

    CHINA 1 │ Taxing Energy Use 2019: Country Note – China This note explains how China taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates – the sum of fuel excise taxes, explicit carbon taxes, and electricity excise taxes, net of applicable exemptions, rate reductions, and refunds – across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base. The note complements the Taxing Energy Use 2019 report that is available at http://oe.cd/TEU2019. The report analyses where OECD and G20 countries stand in deploying energy and carbon taxes, tracks progress made, and makes actionable recommendations on how governments could do better to use taxes to reach environmental and climate goals. The general methodology employed to calculate effective energy tax rates and assign tax rates to the energy base is explained in Chapter 1 of the report. The official energy tax profile for China can be found in Chapter 2 of the report. Chapter 3 additionally shows effective carbon tax rates per tonne of CO2, and presents the corresponding carbon tax profiles for all countries. The report also contains StatLinks to the official data. Structure of energy taxation in China In China, the Refined Oil Excise Tax (成品油消费税) applies to gasoline, naphtha, solvent and lubricating oil at a uniform rate of CNY 1.52 per litre, as well as to diesel, and fuel oil at a uniform rate of CNY 1.2 per litre. Revenues are earmarked for transport funding and green purposes.
  • International Taxation Certificate

    International Taxation Certificate

    International Taxation Certificate 1 Puerto Rico, and all U.S. states except California. Georgetown is also INTERNATIONAL TAXATION authorized separately to deliver online education to students residing in California. For more information on state authorization, including state CERTIFICATE complaint processes and refund policies the university is required to comply with, please visit Georgetown's office of Compliance and Ethics Georgetown offers a Certificate program in the increasingly important web page: https://compliance.georgetown.edu/student-consumer- field of international taxation. information/distance-education The Certificate is open to both U.S. and foreign-trained lawyers, as well as For more information on SARA please visit: https://www.nc-sara.org/ non-attorney tax professionals, and can be completed together with the Tax LL.M. degree (https://curriculum.law.georgetown.edu/llm/llm-llm- Disclosure Regarding Professional Licensure programs/llm-taxation) or on a stand-alone basis. Georgetown Law's online programs, which include the Executive LLM in Taxation, Executive LLM in Securities & Financial Regulation, MSL in The Certificate in International Taxation can also be completed entirely online Taxation, and Certificates in International Tax and State and Local Tax, (http://curriculum.law.georgetown.edu/llm/llm-online-parttime-options). will not lead to professional licensure and will not qualify a student to sit for any state bar exam. Requirements for U.S.-Trained Students and all Online Students: Search LL.M International Taxation Certificate Courses (http:// • All students must take a minimum of 10 specialization credits. curriculum.law.georgetown.edu/course-search/?program=program_89) • Prerequisites: All students must have successfully completed a course in basic federal income taxation or take Georgetown’s LAW 710 v00 Advanced International Taxation (http:// online course, Foundations of Federal Income Taxation, prior curriculum.law.georgetown.edu/course-search/?keyword=LAW to enrolling in the Certificate program.
  • Narrative Report on Panama

    Narrative Report on Panama

    NARRATIVE REPORT ON PANAMA PART 1: NARRATIVE REPORT Rank: 15 of 133 Panama ranks 15th in the 2020 Financial Secrecy Index, with a high secrecy score of 72 but a small global scale weighting (0.22 per cent). How Secretive? 72 Coming within the top twenty ranking, Panama remains a jurisdiction of particular concern. Overview and background Moderately secretive 0 to 25 Long the recipient of drugs money from Latin America and with ample other sources of dirty money from the US and elsewhere, Panama is one of the oldest and best-known tax havens in the Americas. In recent years it has adopted a hard-line position as a jurisdiction that refuses to 25 to 50 cooperate with international transparency initiatives. In April 2016, in the biggest leak ever, 11.5 million documents from the Panama law firm Mossack Fonseca revealed the extent of Panama’s involvement in the secrecy business. The Panama Papers showed the 50 to 75 world what a few observers had long been saying: that the secrecy available in Panama makes it one of the world’s top money-laundering locations.1 Exceptionally 75 to 100 In The Sink, a book about tax havens, a US customs official is quoted as secretive saying: “The country is filled with dishonest lawyers, dishonest bankers, dishonest company formation agents and dishonest How big? 0.22% companies registered there by those dishonest lawyers so that they can deposit dirty money into their dishonest banks. The Free Trade Zone is the black hole through which Panama has become one of the filthiest money laundering sinks in the huge world.”2 Panama has over 350,000 secretive International Business Companies (IBCs) registered: the third largest number in the world after Hong Kong3 and the British Virgin Islands (BVI).4 Alongside incorporation of large IBCs, Panama is active in forming tax-evading foundations and trusts, insurance, and boat and shipping registration.
  • Date: 2021-08-23 SCHEDULE 2 Customs & Excise Tariff

    Date: 2021-08-23 SCHEDULE 2 Customs & Excise Tariff

    Date: 2021-08-23 SCHEDULE 2 Customs & Excise Tariff SCHEDULE 2 ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES ON IMPORTED GOODS Notes: 1. Any reference to the Kingdom of Swaziland and BLNS in any provision of this Schedule shall, with effect from 19 April 2018, be deemed to be a reference to the Kingdom of Eswatini and BELN, respectively, in terms of the provisions which existed before 19 April 2018. SCHEDULE 2 / PART 1 Customs & Excise Tariff SCHEDULE 2 / PART 1 ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES ON IMPORTED GOODS NOTES: 1. The goods specified in Column headed "Tariff Heading, Code and Description" of this Part shall, in addition to any other duties payable thereon upon entry for home consumption thereof or as provided for in Chapter VI, be liable to the appropriate anti-dumping duty provided for in respect of such goods in this Part at the time of such entry or such other time as so provided, if those goods are imported from a supplier or originate in a territory mentioned in Column headed "Imported from or Originating in" headed Extent of Rebate"of this Part. 2. Anti-dumping duties provided for in this Part in respect of any goods, shall also apply to such goods entered under any item of Schedule No. 3 or 4 specified in the Column headed "Rebate Items" of this Part. 3. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the General Notes to Schedule No. 1 and the Section and Chapter Notes in the said Schedule shall MUTATIS MUTANDIS apply for this Part. 4. Whenever the tariff heading or subheading under which any goods are classified in Part 1 of Schedule No.