' \ V * N ^F? ^ \ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 192 THE OPERCULATE LAND MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY ANNULARHDAE OF THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA AND THE BAHAMA ARCHIPELAGO BY PAUL BARTSCH \rii UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1946 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 75 cents ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biolog}', anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are dis- tributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to spe- cialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con- tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type speci- mens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The ma- jority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as in- dispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 192 of the Bulletin series. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. II CONTENTS Page The Annulariidae of Hispaniola 1 Family Annulariidae Henderson and Bartsch 3 Subfamily Chondropominae Henderson and Bartsch S Genus Chondropoma Pf eiffer 5 Wetmorepoma, new subgenus 6 Subgenus Chondropoynorus Henderson and Bartsch.... 7 Subgenus Chondropomium Henderson and Bartsch.... 22 Subgenus Chondropomella Bartsch 36 Articulipoma, new subgenus 39 Lindenipoma, new subgenus 49 Subgenus Chondropoma Pfeiffer 51 Subfamily Rhytidopominae Henderson and Bartsch 71 Genus Parachondrisca Henderson and Bartsch 72 Crossepoma, new genus 75 Hispanipoma, new genus 82 Orcuttipoma, new genus 87 Genus Parachondrops Henderson and Bartsch 95 Clenchipoma, new subgenus 95 Colonina, new genus 97 Haitiponia, new genus 102 Kisslingia, new genus 112 Klattea, new genus 115 Genus Licina Gray 118 Sallepoma, new genus 128 Genus Clydonopoma Pilsbry 135 Subgenus Clydonopoma Pilsbry 135 Subgenus Eccriiopotna Pilsbry 136 Subfamily Annulariinae Henderson and Bartsch 137 Petasipoma, new genus 138 Genus Colobostylus Crosse and Fischer 139 Colohostyloides, new subgenus 139 Genus Rolleia Crosse 140 Lagopoma, new genus 142 Genus Abhottella Henderson and Bartsch 143 Eyerdamia, new genus 155 Weinlandipoma, new genus 156 Genus Troschelvindex H. B. Baker 165 Christophipoma, new genus 169 Incertipoma 171 nx IV BULLETIN 192, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Page The Annulariidae of the Bahamas ^^ Family Annulariidae Henderson and Bartsch 184 Subfamily Chondropominae Henderson and Bartsch 185 Genus Chondropoma Pf eiffer 186 Levipoma, new subgenus 186 Chondrops, new subgenus 188 Subgenus Chondropomorus Henderson and Bartsch... 198 Subgenus Chondropotnisca Torre and Bartsch 201 Subgenus Chondropoma Pfeiffer 202 Subfamily Rhytidopominae Henderson and Bartsch 215 Genus Opisthosiphon Dall 215 Subgenus Opisthosiphona Henderson and Bartsch 217 Subgenus Opisthosiphon Dall 222 Leptopisthosiphon, new subgenus 240 Genus Colonina Bartsch 243 Subfamily Annulariinae Henderson and Bartsch 249 Colonella, new genus 249 Index 253 THE OPERCULATE LAND MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY ANNULARHDAE OF THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA AND THE BAHAMA ARCHIPELAGO By Paul Bartsch In 1920 John B. Henderson and I published "A Classification of the American Operculate Land Mollusks of the Family Annulariidae."^ It was our intention to follow this by detailed monographs upon the group. The unfortunate early death of Mr. Henderson inhibited this endeavor. The study was resumed by Dr. Carlos de la Torre and me in 1936. Our first paper, "The Cuban Operculate Land Shells of the Subfamily Chondropominae,"2 was published in 1938. This was followed in 1941 by "The Cuban Operculate Land Mollusks of the Family Annulariidae, Exclusive of the Subfamily Chondropominae.''^ In 1942 we published "A Revision of the Classification of the Operculate Land Mollusks of Cuba belonging to the Family Annulariidae, and a List of the Known Species and Subspecies."-* The present paper is a continuation of these studies and embraces an account of the members of this family known from Hispaniola and the Bahama Archipelago. I wish here to express my thanks to Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for the loan of material of Comparative Zoology and also to William J. Clench, of the Museum at Harvard College, for similar courtesies. THE ANNULARIIDAE OF HISPANIOLA In spite of the fact that Hispaniola, as Columbus termed the island now designated as Haiti and the Dominican Republic, has been known since that dauntless navigator discovered America, it is still the least explored of the Antilles when considered from a natural-history stand- point. The reasons for this will become readily apparent to anyone will- 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, pp. 49-82, 1920. 'Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, pp. 193-403, figs. 71-101, pis. 7-39, 1938. »Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 89, pp. 131-385, pis. 9-57, 1941. * Proc. Eighth Amer. Sci. Congress, vol. 3, Biol. Sci., pp. 335-379, 1942. 2 BULLETIN 192, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM ing to delve even superficially into the interesting history of events that have haunted this enchanted isle almost from its very discovery. Hispaniola presents a very diversified geographic as well as geologic aspect, and its faunal substrate features have little in common with its political divisions. The Cul-de-Sac Plain with its subsea-level Lake Enriquillo practically divides Hispaniola into a northern and a southern division, which in the not distant past constituted separate islands. This flora. region is semiarid, with a magnificent cactus and xerophytic To the south of this a range of mountains extends from the western end to Barahona in the east with Mount La Selle, its highest culmination, attaining an altitude of 8,793 feet. This range, with its many spurs reaching the iron-bound coasts, has yielded moUuscan material only from the edges of the slender passes that traverse it in several places. Its major portion promises rich returns to the venturesome collector. The northern part of the island is traversed by another magnificent mountain chain, the Cibao Range, which extends from Cap a Foux, the northwestern point of the island, in a southeasterly direction to Cape Engano, the eastern extremity of the island, with many spurs to the north and south. The beauty of this range is incomparable and must be seen to be worthily appreciated. To the north and east of this is another range known as the Cordil- lera Septentrional, which, although it has been explored in a natural- history way, nevertheless continues to yield novelties to every ardent endeavor. It is the high mountains everywhere that promise worth-while riches to the explorer. The lowland plains bordering the Artibonite and the Cul-de-Sac region are less promising, and this is probably also true of the lowland valleys of the Dominican Republic, while the forbidding iron-bound shores present even greater difficulty of approach to the ex- plorer than the rugged interior. The operculate fauna, while not so extensive or diversified as that of Cuba or Jamaica, with which it has affinities, is, nevertheless, a rich one. Here, as in those islands, we find certain widely distributed species occupying coastal plains or extensive lowland reaches, while others re- stricted to limestone outcrops of mountain regions are more confined in their distribution. Shells from Hispaniola reached Europe at a comparatively early pe- riod after the white man's invasion. Some of the earliest were described without mention of collector or locality. Occupation of the island by France yielded that country quite a number of specimens with such faulty data. H. Crosse, in the Journal de Conchyliologie for 1891, volume 39, pages 69 to 95, gives an interesting account of the contributions in the mol- luscan field made by various collectors up to that time in Hispaniola. : HISPANIOLAN AND BAHAMAN ANNULAIUIDAE He mentions Theophile Laterrade, 1840 William M. Gabb, 1869-71 Auguste Salle, 1847-51 Dr. Wesley Newcomb, 1871 Dr. Richaud, 1850 Mrs. Wm. Klatte, 1872 D. F. Weinland, 1857 Mrs. Foderingham, 1873? Justus Hjalmarson, 1858 Prof. Linden, 1874? Guigou, 1858-9 V. W. Parkhurst, 1875 Eugene Vesco, 1859 Dr. Brown, 1880 Heinrich Kissling, 1864-6 Hermann Rolle, 1887-8 Smith, 1865 To these must be added: Alcide d'Orbigny, 1826 W. J. Eyerdam, 1927 William L. Abbott, 1883, 1916-1923 James Bond, 1927-1928 W. M. Mann, 1912-1913 William M. Perrygo, 1927, 1928 A. A. Olsson, 1916 Arthur Poole, 1927, 1928 Paul Bartsch, 1917, 1920, 1929 Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Leonard, 1928, 1929 J. B. Henderson, 1917 Charles T. Simpson,