DOCSLIB.ORG

Carbon Capture by Physical Adsorption: Materials, Experimental Investigations and Numerical Modeling and Simulations – a Review ⇑ R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Carbon Capture by Physical Adsorption: Materials, Experimental Investigations and Numerical Modeling and Simulations – a Review ⇑ R Applied Energy 161 (2016) 225–255 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy Review Carbon capture by physical adsorption: Materials, experimental investigations and numerical modeling and simulations – A review ⇑ R. Ben-Mansour, M.A. Habib , O.E. Bamidele, M. Basha, N.A.A. Qasem, A. Peedikakkal, T. Laoui, M. Ali Mechanical Engineering Department and KACST-TIC on CCS, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia highlights A review on carbon capture by physical adsorption is provided. The review covers carbon capture materials, experimental and numerical research. Challenges for the post combustion adsorption materials are presented. Gaps are found in the research of carbon dioxide adsorption of post-combustion. Materials of high selectivity, CO2 uptake with water vapor stability are needed. article info abstract Article history: This review focuses on the separation of carbon dioxide from typical power plant exhaust gases using the Received 4 May 2015 adsorption process. This method is believed to be one of the economic and least interfering ways for post- Received in revised form 13 September combustion carbon capture as it can accomplish the objective with small energy penalty and very few 2015 modifications to power plants. The review is divided into three main sections. These are (1) the candidate Accepted 2 October 2015 materials that can be used to adsorb carbon dioxide, (2) the experimental investigations that have been Available online 22 October 2015 carried out to study the process of separation using adsorption and (3) the numerical models developed to simulate this separation process and serve as a tool to optimize systems to be built for the purpose of Keywords: CO adsorption. The review pointed the challenges for the post combustion and the experiments utilizing Carbon capture 2 Adsorption techniques the different adsorption materials. The review indicates that many gaps are found in the research of CO2 Post-combustion adsorption of post-combustion processes. These gaps in experimental investigations need a lot of Experimental studies research work. In particular, new materials of high selectivity, uptake for carbon dioxide with stability Numerical investigations for water vapor needs significant investigations. The major prerequisites for these potential new materi- als are good thermal stability, distinct selectivity and high adsorption capacity for CO2 as well as suffi- cient mechanical strength to endure repeated cycling. Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . ...................................................................................................... 227 2. Post-Combustion carbon capture technologies . ................................................................ 228 2.1. Adsorption . ......................................................................................... 229 2.1.1. CO2 capture using chemical sorbents . ........................................................... 229 2.1.2. CO2 capture using physical sorbents . ........................................................... 229 2.2. Adsorption process types ......................................................................................... 230 3. Materials for adsorption carbon capture . ................................................................ 230 3.1. Introduction. ......................................................................................... 230 3.2. Porous materials . ......................................................................................... 231 3.3. Carbon based adsorbents ......................................................................................... 232 3.4. Solid materials. ......................................................................................... 232 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +966 138604467; fax: +966 138602949. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.A. Habib). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.011 0306-2619/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 226 R. Ben-Mansour et al. / Applied Energy 161 (2016) 225–255 Nomenclature 3 CF,j feed concentration of component j (mol m ) qm;j Toth model parameter for amount of component j Cj gas phase concentration of component j (mol m3) adsorbed in activated carbon at equilibrium (mol/kg) Cv;g specific heat at constant volume for gas mixture t time of adsorption/desorption (s) À1 À1 (J kg K ) tst stoichiometric time (s) Cp;g specific heat at constant pressure for gas mixture Ts temperature of solid adsorbent (K) À1 À1 (J kg K ) Tw temperature of column wall (K) À1 À1 Cs specific heat capacity of solid adsorbent (J kg K ) Tg gas mixture temperature (K) Cp;w specific heat capacity of adsorption column wall U superficial velocity of the gas mixture (m/s) (J kgÀ1 KÀ1) ux-component of the superficial velocity of the gas mix- 2 Dax axial dispersion coefficient (m /s) ture (m/s) dp adsorbent particle diameter (m) v y-component of the superficial velocity of the gas mix- dint adsorption bed diameter (m) ture (m/s) e adsorption bed void fraction wz-component of the superficial velocity of the gas mix- ÀDHj enthalpy of component j in gas mixture (kJ/mol) ture (m/s) 3 hf film heat transfer coefficient between the gas and solid V adsorption bed volume (m ) À2 À1 adsorbent (W m K ) yj mole fraction of component j in gas mixture hw internal convective heat transfer coefficient between À2 À1 the gas and the column wall (W m K ) Greek Letters À1 ; KL j overall mass transfer coefficient of component j (s ) aw the ratio of the internal surface area to the volume of À1 Ko;j adsorption constant of component j at infinite dilution adsorption column wall density (m ) (PaÀ1) awl the ratio of the algorithm mean surface area of the l column wall thickness (m) column shell to the volume of the column wall (mÀ1) n polytropic index e adsorption bed void fraction P total pressure of gas mixture (Pa) kL thermal conductivity of gas of the gas mixture in axial À1 À1 Pj partial pressure of component j in gas mixture (Pa) direction (W m K ) 3 À1 QF feed volumetric flow rate of gas mixture (m /s) l g dynamic viscosity of gas mixture (Pa s ) q average amount of adsorbed of component j (mol/kg) q 3 j g gas mixture density (kg/m ) qà the amount of component j adsorbed at equilibrium q 3 j p adsorbent particle density (kg/m ) (mol/kg) q 3 w adsorption column wall density (kg/m ) 3.5. Adsorption of CO2 by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) . ............................................................ 232 3.6. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs). ............................................................................ 233 3.7. Comparison of different CO2 adsorbents . ............................................................................ 234 4. Experimental studies on adsorption carbon capture . ...................................................................... 234 4.1. Introduction. ............................................................................................... 234 4.2. Experimental studies on adsorption by MOFs . ............................................................ 234 4.2.1. Adsorption desorption regeneration . ................................................................. 236 4.2.2. Adsorption and kinetic studies . ................................................................. 236 4.2.3. Temperature swing adsorption methods . ................................................................. 237 4.2.4. Performance in presence of water vapor . ................................................................. 237 4.3. Experimental studies on adsorption by zeolites . ............................................................ 237 4.3.1. Pressure swing adsorption process . ................................................................. 237 4.3.2. Vacuum swing adsorption ................................................................................. 238 4.3.3. Zeolite testing under humid conditions . ................................................................. 238 4.4. Experimental studies on adsorption by carbon-based materials . ......................................... 239 4.4.1. Activated carbon. ................................................................................. 239 4.4.2. Carbon fibre composites. ................................................................................. 239 4.5. Other experimental studies on adsorption . ............................................................ 240 4.5.1. Regeneration process techniques. ................................................................. 240 4.5.2. Adsorbent packing processes . ................................................................. 240 4.6. Concluding remarks . ............................................................................ 241 5. Numerical investigations and mathematical models for fixed bed column adsorption. ................................ 241 5.1. Introduction. ............................................................................................... 241 5.2. Some existing mathematical models . ............................................................................ 242 5.2.1. CO2 in a binary mixture (with CH4, N2,H2 orHe).............................................................. 242 5.2.2. CO2 mixture (with CH4 and H2)............................................................................. 244 5.2.3. CO2 (with Air) . ................................................................................. 244 5.2.4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Α,Ω-Biphenylpolyynes)
    1 ONE-POT SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYYNES END-CAPPED BY BIPHENYL GROUPS (α,ω-BIPHENYLPOLYYNES) Franco Cataldo1(*), Ornella Ursini2, Alberto Milani3 , Carlo S. Casari3 1Actinium Chemical Research Institute, Via Casilina 1626 A, Rome, Italy 2CNR - Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Montelibretti, Roma 3 Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133 Milano, Italy Abstract Stable polyyne chains terminated with biphenyl end groups (α,ω-biphenylpolyynes) were synthesized in a single step with an easy procedure by using the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz reaction conditions. The α,ω-biphenylpolyynes were separated through HPLC analysis and identified by means of their electronic absorption spectra. The α,ω-biphenylpolyynes were studied by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy and the spectral interpretation was supported with DFT calculations. A peculiar stability of α,ω-biphenylpolyynes towards ozone was also observed. 1. Introduction The sensational report about the production of a long polyyne chain of 6000 carbon atoms enclosed in a double wall carbon nanotube (DWCNT) [1] has re-awakened the enthusiasm about carbyne, the fabulous carbon allotrope made by an infinitely long sequence of carbon atoms with sp hybridization (with either alternated single and triple bonds or cumulated double bonds). Earlier attempts to the synthesis of carbyne are reviewed for example in the book of Heimann at al. [2]. *Corresponding author. Tel: 0039-06-94368230. E-mail: [email protected] The chemical approach toward the synthesis of this long acetylenic structure for example through the Glaser coupling reaction invariably led to a crosslinked carbonaceous solid [3,4] whose solid state 13C-NMR analysis and Raman spectroscopy revealed indeed the presence of sp hybridized carbon 2 atoms but mixed with sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon atoms due to undesired crosslinking reactions [5,6].
    [Show full text]
  • MEMS Technology for Physiologically Integrated Devices
    A BioMEMS Review: MEMS Technology for Physiologically Integrated Devices AMY C. RICHARDS GRAYSON, REBECCA S. SHAWGO, AUDREY M. JOHNSON, NOLAN T. FLYNN, YAWEN LI, MICHAEL J. CIMA, AND ROBERT LANGER Invited Paper MEMS devices are manufactured using similar microfabrica- I. INTRODUCTION tion techniques as those used to create integrated circuits. They often, however, have moving components that allow physical Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are or analytical functions to be performed by the device. Although manufactured using similar microfabrication techniques as MEMS can be aseptically fabricated and hermetically sealed, those used to create integrated circuits. They often have biocompatibility of the component materials is a key issue for moving components that allow a physical or analytical MEMS used in vivo. Interest in MEMS for biological applications function to be performed by the device in addition to (BioMEMS) is growing rapidly, with opportunities in areas such as biosensors, pacemakers, immunoisolation capsules, and drug their electrical functions. Microfabrication of silicon-based delivery. The key to many of these applications lies in the lever- structures is usually achieved by repeating sequences of aging of features unique to MEMS (for example, analyte sensitivity, photolithography, etching, and deposition steps in order to electrical responsiveness, temporal control, and feature sizes produce the desired configuration of features, such as traces similar to cells and organelles) for maximum impact. In this paper, (thin metal wires), vias (interlayer connections), reservoirs, we focus on how the biological integration of MEMS and other valves, or membranes, in a layer-by-layer fashion. The implantable devices can be improved through the application of microfabrication technology and concepts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrogen Adsorption in MOF-5
    17974 J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 17974-17983 A Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrogen Adsorption in MOF-5 Tim Mueller and Gerbrand Ceder* Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 13-5056, 77 Massachusetts AVenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 ReceiVed: March 8, 2005; In Final Form: August 3, 2005 Ab initio molecular dynamics in the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory and ground-state relaxations are used to study the interaction between molecular hydrogen and the metal-organic framework with formula unit Zn4O(O2C-C6H4-CO2)3. Five symmetrically unique adsorption sites are identified, and calculations indicate that the sites with the strongest interaction with hydrogen are located near the Zn4O clusters. Twenty total adsorption sites are found around each Zn4O cluster, but after 16 of these are populated, the interaction energy at the remaining four sites falls off significantly. The adsorption of hydrogen on the pore walls creates an attractive potential well for hydrogen in the center of the pore. The effect of the framework on the physical structure and electronic structure of the organic linker is calculated, suggesting ways by which the interaction between the framework and hydrogen could be modified. Introduction ogies can be synthesized using a variety of organic linkers, One of the major obstacles to the widespread adoption of providing the ability to tailor the nature and size of the pores. hydrogen as a fuel is the lack of a way to store hydrogen with Several frameworks have been experimentally investigated for sufficient gravimetric and volumetric densities to be economi- their abilities to store hydrogen, but to date none are able to do cally practical.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Science 675 (2018) 26–35
    Surface Science 675 (2018) 26–35 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Surface Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/susc Molecular and dissociative adsorption of DMMP, Sarin and Soman on dry T and wet TiO2(110) using density functional theory ⁎ Yenny Cardona Quintero, Ramanathan Nagarajan Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Titania, among the metal oxides, has shown promising characteristics for the adsorption and decontamination of Adsorption of nerve agents on TiO2 chemical warfare nerve agents, due to its high stability and rapid decomposition rates. In this study, the ad- Molecular and dissociative adsorption sorption energy and geometry of the nerve agents Sarin and Soman, and their simulant dimethyl methyl Dry and hydrated TiO2 phosphonate (DMMP) on TiO2 rutile (110) surface were calculated using density functional theory. The mole- Slab model of TiO 2 cular and dissociative adsorption of the agents and simulant on dry as well as wet metal oxide surfaces were DFT calculations of adsorption energy considered. For the wet system, computations were done for the cases of both molecularly adsorbed water Nerve agent dissociation mechanisms Nerve agent and simulant comparison (hydrated conformation) and dissociatively adsorbed water (hydroxylated conformation). DFT calculations show that dissociative adsorption of the agents and simulant is preferred over molecular adsorption for both dry and wet TiO2. The dissociative adsorption on hydrated TiO2 shows higher stability among the different configura- tions considered. The dissociative structure of DMMP on hydrated TiO2 (the most stable one) was identified as the dissociation of a methyl group and its adsorption on the TiO2 surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Extraterrestrial Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Analysis Of
    The Astrophysical Journal, 889:3 (26pp), 2020 January 20 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab616c © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Implications for Extraterrestrial Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Analysis of Acetylene (C2H2) and D2-acetylene (C2D2) Ices Exposed to Ionizing Radiation via Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Reflectron Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Matthew J. Abplanalp1,2 and Ralf I. Kaiser1,2 1 W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Received 2019 October 4; revised 2019 December 7; accepted 2019 December 10; published 2020 January 20 Abstract The processing of the simple hydrocarbon ice, acetylene (C2H2/C2D2), via energetic electrons, thus simulating the processes in the track of galactic cosmic-ray particles penetrating solid matter, was carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum surface apparatus. The chemical evolution of the ices was monitored online and in situ utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and, during temperature programmed desorption, via a quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electron impact ionization source (EI-QMS) and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer utilizing single-photon photoionization (SPI-ReTOF-MS) along with resonance-enhanced multiphoton photoionization (REMPI-ReTOF-MS). The confirmation of previous in situ studies of ethylene ice irradiation
    [Show full text]
  • Adsorption and Desorption Performance and Mechanism Of
    molecules Article Adsorption and Desorption Performance and Mechanism of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbents Derived from Sugar Cane Bagasse Activated with ZnCl2 Yixin Cai 1,2, Liming Liu 1,2, Huafeng Tian 1,*, Zhennai Yang 1,* and Xiaogang Luo 1,2,3,* 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (L.L.) 2 School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.T.); [email protected] (Z.Y.); [email protected] or [email protected] (X.L.); Tel.: +86-139-8627-0668 (X.L.) Received: 4 November 2019; Accepted: 9 December 2019; Published: 11 December 2019 Abstract: Adsorption and desorption behaviors of tetracycline hydrochloride by activated carbon-based adsorbents derived from sugar cane bagasse modified with ZnCl2 were investigated. The activated carbon was tested by SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. This activated carbon 2 1 exhibited a high BET surface area of 831 m g− with the average pore diameter and pore volume 3 1 reaching 2.52 nm and 0.45 m g− , respectively. The batch experimental results can be described by Freundlich equation, pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the intraparticle diffusion model, 1 while the maximum adsorption capacity reached 239.6 mg g− under 318 K.
    [Show full text]
  • A Post-Buckminsterfullerene View of Carbon Chemistry
    A POST-BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE VIEW OF CARBON CHEMISTRY Harold Kroto School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BNI 9QJ UK Keywords: Cs0, Fullerenes, carbon particles INTRODUCTION The discovery of c60 Buckminsterfullerene, Fig 1, has its origins in a research programme involving synthetic chemistry, microwave spectroscopy and radioastronomyl. In 1915, at Sussex (with David Walton), the long chain polyyne H-CeC-CsC-CsN was synthesised and studied by microwave spectroscopy. Subsequently, with Takeshi Oka and NRC(0ttawa) astronomers, the molecule was discovered in space, Fig 2, by radioastronomy using the laboratory microwave frequencies. This discovery led on to the detection of the even longer carbon chain molecules HCTN, HCgN and HCl.lN in the space between the stars2. Further work aimed at understanding the formation of the chains in space focussed attention on the possibility that they are produced at the same time as carbon dust in red giant stars1,*. During experiments at Rice University in 1985 (with James Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley), designed to simulate the conditions in these stars and explore their capacity for carbon chain formation, the exciting discovery that C60 was remarkably stable was made3. It was found that under conditions where almost all the atoms in a carbon plasma had nucleated to form microparticles the molecule c60 remained behind - together with some CTO. This result was, as is now well 'known, rationalised on the basis of the closed cage structure shown in Fig 1. It was proposed that the geodesic and aromatic factors inherent in such a structure could account for the stability of the molecule.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanoparticle Size Effect on Water Vapour Adsorption by Hydroxyapatite
    nanomaterials Article Nanoparticle Size Effect on Water Vapour Adsorption by Hydroxyapatite Urszula Szałaj 1,2,*, Anna Swiderska-´ Sroda´ 1, Agnieszka Chodara 1,2, Stanisław Gierlotka 1 and Witold Łojkowski 1 1 Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland 2 Faculty of Materials Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 41, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-22-876-04-31 Received: 12 June 2019; Accepted: 10 July 2019; Published: 12 July 2019 Abstract: Handling and properties of nanoparticles strongly depend on processes that take place on their surface. Specific surface area and adsorption capacity strongly increase as the nanoparticle size decreases. A crucial factor is adsorption of water from ambient atmosphere. Considering the ever-growing number of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles applications, we decided to investigate how the size of nanoparticles and the changes in relative air humidity affect adsorption of water on their surface. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles of two sizes: 10 and 40 nm, were tested. It was found that the nanoparticle size has a strong effect on the kinetics and efficiency of water adsorption. For the same value of water activity, the quantity of water adsorbed on the surface of 10 nm nano-hydroxyapatite was five times greater than that adsorbed on the 40 nm. Based on the adsorption isotherm fitting method, it was found that a multilayer physical adsorption mechanism was active. The number of adsorbed water layers at constant humidity strongly depends on particles size and reaches even 23 layers for the 10 nm particles. The amount of water adsorbed on these particles was surprisingly high, comparable to the amount of water absorbed by the commonly used moisture-sorbent silica gel.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 372.94 Kb
    The Development of Molecular Wires PART 11: ROLE OF RUTHENIUM AND OSMIUM POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES FOR FAST VECTORIAL ELECTRON TRANSFER By V. Grosshenny, A. Harriman, M. Hissler and R. Ziessel Ecole Europkenne de Hautes Etudes des Industries Chimique de Strasbourg, Universitk Louis Pasteur, Laboratoire de Chimie d’Electronique et de Photonique Molkculaires, Strasbourg, France The concludingpart of thispaper on the use of ruthenium(ZI) and osmium(II) polypyridyl complexes, as molecular sized terminal subunits that are linked together bypolyyne bridges functioning as molecular girders to retain the stereo- chemical rigidity, deals with the process of electron transfer between the subunits and considers the benefits conferred by the use of polyyne bridges. The ruthe- nium and osmium complexes have properties which aid the selective promo- tion of an electron from the metal to the bridging ligand, together with amenable absorption and emission spectral pro+, and facile oxidation-reduction processes. This makes them promising candidates for vectorial electron transfer. Future work to extend the lengths of the linkages, to ensure unidirectional and long- range electron tunnelling, and to anchor the wires to supports is discussed. These are the necessary requirements for the development of molecular wiring made from these materials forfuture use with molecular-scale electronic devices. The first part of this paper introduced the sub- metal centres, must occur between more widely- ject of molecular wires and considered the struc- spaced reactants and it displays a more signifi- ture and chemistry of the complexes that can cant attenuation factor. be used for them, and other materials currently Interestingly, the insertion of a platinum(I1) believed to be the best for this purpose (13).
    [Show full text]
  • A Technology Overview and Applications of Bio-MEMS
    INSTITUTE OF SMART STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (ISSS) JOURNAL OF ISSS J. ISSS Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 39-59, Sept. 2014. REVIEW ARTICLE A Technology Overview and Applications of Bio-MEMS Nidhi Maheshwari+, Gaurav Chatterjee+, V. Ramgopal Rao. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India-400076. Corresponding Author: [email protected] + Both the authors have contributed equally. Keywords: Abstract Bio-MEMS, immobilization, Miniaturization of conventional technologies has long cantilever, micro-fabrication, been understood to have many benefits, like: lower cost of biosensor. production, lower form factor leading to portable applications, and lower power consumption. Micro/Nano fabrication has seen tremendous research and commercial activity in the past few decades buoyed by the silicon revolution. As an offset of the same fabrication platform, the Micro-electro-mechanical- systems (MEMS) technology was conceived to fabricate complex mechanical structures on a micro level. MEMS technology has generated considerable research interest recently, and has even led to some commercially successful applications. Almost every smart phone is now equipped with a MEMS accelerometer-gyroscope system. MEMS technology is now being used for realizing devices having biomedical applications. Such devices can be placed under a subset of MEMS called the Bio-MEMS (Biological MEMS). In this paper, a brief introduction to the Bio-MEMS technology and the current state of art applications is discussed. 1. Introduction Generally, the Bio-MEMS can be defined as any The interdisciplinary nature of the Bio-MEMS research is system or device, which is fabricated using the highlighted in Figure 2. This highlights the overlapping of micro-nano fabrication technology, and used many different scientific disciplines, and the need for a healthy for biomedical applications such as diagnostics, collaborative effort.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Materials A
    CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS OF METAL-ORGANIC MATERIALS A Dissertation by DAN ZHAO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2010 Major Subject: Chemistry Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Materials Copyright 2010 Dan Zhao CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS OF METAL-ORGANIC MATERIALS A Dissertation by DAN ZHAO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Hong-Cai Zhou Committee Members, Abraham Clearfield François P. Gabbaï Hung-Jue Sue Head of Department, David H. Russell December 2010 Major Subject: Chemistry iii ABSTRACT Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Materials. (December 2010) Dan Zhao, B.A., Zhejiang University; M.S., Zhejiang University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Hong-Cai Zhou Developing the synthetic control required for the intentional 3-D arrangement of atoms remains a holy grail in crystal engineering and materials chemistry. The explosive development of metal-organic materials in recent decades has shed light on the above problem. Their properties can be tuned by varying the organic and/or inorganic building units. In addition, their crystallinity makes it possible to determine their structures via the X-ray diffraction method. This dissertation will focus on the chemistry and applications of two kinds of metal-organic materials, namely, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal-organic polyhedra (MOP). MOFs are coordination polymers. Their permanent porosity makes them a good “gas sponge”. In the first section, an isoreticular series of MOFs with dendritic hexa- carboxylate ligands has been synthesized and characterized structurally.
    [Show full text]
  • Adsorption Properties of Granular Activated Carbon-Supported
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Adsorption Properties of Granular Activated Carbon-Supported Titanium Dioxide Particles for Dyes Received: 23 November 2017 Accepted: 10 April 2018 and Copper Ions Published: xx xx xxxx Xin Zheng2,3, Nannan Yu1, Xiaopeng Wang4, Yuhong Wang1, Linshan Wang1, Xiaowu Li2 & Xiaomin Hu5 In the present paper, granular activated carbon (GAC) supported titanium dioxide (TiO2@GAC) particles were prepared by sol-gel process. Their performance in simultaneous adsorption of dye and Cu2+ from wastewater was studied. X-ray difraction (XRD) indicated that TiO2 of the TiO2@GAC microsphere is anatase type, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the samples have obvious characteristic peaks in 400–800 cm−1, which indicated that there are Ti-O-Ti bonds. The 2+ experimental results showed that the adsorption of TiO2@GAC for Methylene blue (MB) and Cu were favorable under acidity condition, the adsorption of Methyl orange (MO) was favorable under 2+ alkalecent condition. The reaction kinetics of TiO2@GAC for MO, MB and Cu were well described as pseudo-second-order kinetic model; The reaction isotherms for MO, MB and Cu2+ were well ftted by 2+ Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of TiO2@GAC for MO, MB and Cu in the single systems were 32.36 mg/g, 25.32 mg/g and 23.42 mg/g, respectively. As for adsorption, Cu2+ had a suppression efect on MB, and a promotion efect on MO, however, the impact of MO and MB on Cu2+ were negligible. With the rapid development of industry, there is more and more concern about toxic dyes and heavy metal ions in untreated waste water from industrial production processes1.
    [Show full text]