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Homage to Gaia
Homage to Gaia The Life of an Independent Scientist James Lovelock Souvenir Press I dedicate this book to my beloved wife Sandy This paperback published in 2019 First published by Souvenir Press in 2014, an imprint of Profile Books Ltd 3 Holford Yard Bevin Way London WC1X 9HD www.profilebooks.com First published in Great Britain in 2000 by Oxford University Press Copyright © 2000, 2013 by J.E. Lovelock Copyright © 2000, 2013, 2019 by J. E. Lovelock First published in 2000 by Oxford University Press The right of James Lovelock to be identified as the author of this work has been Thisasserted second in accordance paperback withedition section published 77 of thein 2014 Copyright, by Souvenir Designs Press and Ltd Patents Act, 431988 Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3PD All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a Theretrieval right system of James or Lovelocktransmitted, to be in identifiedany form oras bythe any means, electronic, mechanical, authorphotocopying, of this work or otherwise, has been withoutasserted the in accordanceprior permission with of the Copyright owner. section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 ISBN 978 1 78816 460 3 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, eISBN 978 0 28564 256 0 stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, withoutPrinted andthe priorbound permission in Great Britain of the byCopyright owner. CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CRO 4YY ISBN 9780285642553 Offset from the Oxford University Press edition of ‘Homage to Gaia: The Life of an Independent Scientist’ by James Lovelock. -
Biophilia, Gaia, Cosmos, and the Affectively Ecological
vital reenchantments Before you start to read this book, take this moment to think about making a donation to punctum books, an independent non-profit press, @ https://punctumbooks.com/support/ If you’re reading the e-book, you can click on the image below to go directly to our donations site. Any amount, no matter the size, is appreciated and will help us to keep our ship of fools afloat. Contri- butions from dedicated readers will also help us to keep our commons open and to cultivate new work that can’t find a welcoming port elsewhere. Our ad- venture is not possible without your support. Vive la Open Access. Fig. 1. Hieronymus Bosch, Ship of Fools (1490–1500) vital reenchantments: biophilia, gaia, cosmos, and the affectively ecological. Copyright © 2019 by Lauren Greyson. This work carries a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 International license, which means that you are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and you may also remix, transform and build upon the material, as long as you clearly attribute the work to the authors (but not in a way that suggests the authors or punctum books endorses you and your work), you do not use this work for commercial gain in any form whatsoever, and that for any remixing and transformation, you distribute your rebuild under the same license. http://creativecommons.org/li- censes/by-nc-sa/4.0/ First published in 2019 by punctum books, Earth, Milky Way. https://punctumbooks.com ISBN-13: 978-1-950192-07-6 (print) ISBN-13: 978-1-950192-08-3 (ePDF) lccn: 2018968577 Library of Congress Cataloging Data is available from the Library of Congress Editorial team: Casey Coffee and Eileen A. -
Mothers in Science
The aim of this book is to illustrate, graphically, that it is perfectly possible to combine a successful and fulfilling career in research science with motherhood, and that there are no rules about how to do this. On each page you will find a timeline showing on one side, the career path of a research group leader in academic science, and on the other side, important events in her family life. Each contributor has also provided a brief text about their research and about how they have combined their career and family commitments. This project was funded by a Rosalind Franklin Award from the Royal Society 1 Foreword It is well known that women are under-represented in careers in These rules are part of a much wider mythology among scientists of science. In academia, considerable attention has been focused on the both genders at the PhD and post-doctoral stages in their careers. paucity of women at lecturer level, and the even more lamentable The myths bubble up from the combination of two aspects of the state of affairs at more senior levels. The academic career path has academic science environment. First, a quick look at the numbers a long apprenticeship. Typically there is an undergraduate degree, immediately shows that there are far fewer lectureship positions followed by a PhD, then some post-doctoral research contracts and than qualified candidates to fill them. Second, the mentors of early research fellowships, and then finally a more stable lectureship or career researchers are academic scientists who have successfully permanent research leader position, with promotion on up the made the transition to lectureships and beyond. -
Asteroseismology with Corot, Kepler, K2 and TESS: Impact on Galactic Archaeology Talk Miglio’S
Asteroseismology with CoRoT, Kepler, K2 and TESS: impact on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 AsteroseismologyPlato as it is : a Legacy with CoRoT Mission, Kepler for Galactic, K2 and TESS: impactArchaeology on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 Galactic Archaeology strives to reconstruct the past history of the Milky Way from the present day kinematical and chemical information. Why is it Challenging ? • Complex mix of populations with large overlaps in parameter space (such as Velocities, Metallicities, and Ages) & small volume sampled by current data • Stars move away from their birth places (migrate radially, or even vertically via mergers/interactions of the MW with other Galaxies). • Many are the sources of migration! • Most of information was confined to a small volume Miglio, Chiappini et al. 2017 Key: VOLUME COVERAGE & AGES Chiappini et al. 2018 IAU 334 Quantifying the impact of radial migration The Rbirth mix ! Stars that today (R_now) are in the green bins, came from different R0=birth Radial Migration Sources = bar/spirals + mergers + Inside-out formation (gas accretion) GalacJc Center Z Sun R Outer Disk R = distance from GC Minchev, Chiappini, MarJg 2013, 2014 - MCM I + II A&A A&A 558 id A09, A&A 572, id A92 Two ways to expand volume for GA • Gaia + complementary photometric information (but no ages for far away stars) – also useful for PIC! • Asteroseismology of RGs (with ages!) - also useful for core science PLATO (miglio’s talk) The properties at different places in the disk: AMR CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE Kepler, TESS, K2, Gaia CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE PLATO + 4MOST? Predicon: AMR Scatter increases towards outer regions Age scatter increasestowars outer regions ExtracGng the best froM GaiaDR2 - Anders et al. -
LISA, the Gravitational Wave Observatory
The ESA Science Programme Cosmic Vision 2015 – 25 Christian Erd Planetary Exploration Studies, Advanced Studies & Technology Preparations Division 04-10-2010 1 ESAESA spacespace sciencescience timelinetimeline JWSTJWST BepiColomboBepiColombo GaiaGaia LISALISA PathfinderPathfinder Proba-2Proba-2 PlanckPlanck HerschelHerschel CoRoTCoRoT HinodeHinode AkariAkari VenusVenus ExpressExpress SuzakuSuzaku RosettaRosetta DoubleDouble StarStar MarsMars ExpressExpress INTEGRALINTEGRAL ClusterCluster XMM-NewtonXMM-Newton CassiniCassini-H-Huygensuygens SOHOSOHO ImplementationImplementation HubbleHubble OperationalOperational 19901990 19941994 19981998 20022002 20062006 20102010 20142014 20182018 20222022 XMM-Newton • X-ray observatory, launched in Dec 1999 • Fully operational (lost 3 out of 44 X-ray CCD early in mission) • No significant loss of performances expected before 2018 • Ranked #1 at last extension review in 2008 (with HST & SOHO) • 320 refereed articles per year, with 38% in the top 10% most cited • Observing time over- subscribed by factor ~8 • 2,400 registered users • Largest X-ray catalogue (263,000 sources) • Best sensitivity in 0.2-12 keV range • Long uninterrupted obs. • Follow-up of SZ clusters 04-10-2010 3 INTEGRAL • γ-ray observatory, launched in Oct 2002 • Imager + Spectrograph (E/ΔE = 500) + X- ray monitor + Optical camera • Coded mask telescope → 12' resolution • 72 hours elliptical orbit → low background • P/L ~ nominal (lost 4 out 19 SPI detectors) • No serious degradation before 2016 • ~ 90 refereed articles per year • Obs -
Earth System Science and Policy (ESSP) - 1
Earth System Science and Policy (ESSP) - 1 ESSP 420. Sustainable Energy. 3 Credits. Earth System Science This course is an interdisciplinary exploration of Sustainable Energy. The interdisciplinary exploration includes the analysis of renewable energy systems as well as the socio-economical, political, and environmental aspects and Policy (ESSP) of renewable energy. The course will specifically analyze the origin and dimensions of global energy issues and identify how renewable energy issues and policies are critical to the sustainable future of global environmental quality, Courses economic growth, social justice, and democracy. S, even years. ESSP 160. Sustainability & Society. 3 Credits. ESSP 450. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 3 Credits. Human interactions with the natural environment are often perceived as This course will cover the general topics in the field of environmental and conflicts between environmental protection and socio-economics. Sustainability natural resource economics: market failure, pollution regulation, the valuation attempts to redefine that world view by seeking balance between the 'three of environmental amenities, renewable and non-renewable resources Es' -environment, economy, equity. This course examines the concept of management, and the economics of biodiversity conservation, climate change sustainability, the theory behind it, and what it means for society. F. and sustainability. The course has a strong focus on the interaction between human society and natural environmental systems and the connection between ESSP 200. Sustainability Science. 3 Credits. market equilibrium and social sustainability. F, odd years. This course will provide an integrated, system-oriented introduction on the concepts, theories and issues surrounding a sustainable future for humans ESSP 460. Global Environmental Policy. -
Uts Marine Biology Fact Sheet
UTS MARINE BIOLOGY FACT SHEET Topic: Phytoplankton and Cloud Formation 1.The CLAW Hypothesis Background: In 1987 four people (Charlson, Lovelock, Andrea, & Warren) introduced a theory that a natural gas called Dimethylsulfide (DMS), produced by microscopic plants in the ocean (phytoplankton), was a major contributor to the formation of clouds in the atmosphere. This theory was named the CLAW Hypothesis (from the first letter of each of their surnames). Fast facts: . Phytoplankton produce DMSP (dimethylsulphoniopropionate), an organic sulphur compound, which is converted to DMS in the ocean. The majority of this DMS is consumed by bacteria but around 10% escapes into the atmosphere. When DMS is released into the air, a chemical reaction takes place (called an oxidation reaction) and sulphate aerosols are formed – a gas which acts as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This means it combines with water droplets in the atmosphere to form clouds. As a result, more clouds increase the reflectivity of the sun’s rays (earth albedo) which decreases the amount of light reaching the earth’s surface, and contributes to cooling the overall climate. A decrease in light causes a decrease in phytoplankton productivity of DMS. (Phytoplankton are primary producers which rely on light to function). This sequence of events is called a Negative Feedback Loop, because phytoplankton increase DMS production but DMS forms clouds which lowers the amount of light reaching the earth, resulting in less phytoplankton and less DMS. DMS emissions are a key step in the global sulphur cycle, which circulates sulphur throughout the earth, oceans, and atmosphere. It is an essential component in the growth of all living things. -
Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Computer Science and Engineering, Department CSE Journal Articles of 6-1995 Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks R. Vetter IEE M. Ali University of North Dakota M. Daily IEE J. Gabrynowic University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N Sunil G. Narumalani University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/csearticles Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Vetter, R.; Ali, M.; Daily, M.; Gabrynowic, J.; Narumalani, Sunil G.; Nygard, K.; Perrizo, W.; Ram, P.; Reichenbach, S.; Seielstad, G. A.; and White, W., "Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks" (1995). CSE Journal Articles. 7. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/csearticles/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science and Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in CSE Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors R. Vetter, M. Ali, M. Daily, J. Gabrynowic, Sunil G. Narumalani, K. Nygard, W. Perrizo, P. Ram, S. Reichenbach, G. A. Seielstad, and W. White This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ csearticles/7 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS. VOL. 13. NO. 5, JUNE 199.5 Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks R. Vetter, Member, IEEE, M. Ali, M. Daily, Member, IEEE, J. Gabrynowicz, S. Narumalani, K. Nygard, Member, IEEE, W. -
Greek Characters
Amphitrite - Wife to Poseidon and a water nymph. Poseidon - God of the sea and son to Cronos and Rhea. The Trident is his symbol. Arachne - Lost a weaving contest to Athene and was turned into a spider. Father was a dyer of wool. Athene - Goddess of wisdom. Daughter of Zeus who came out of Zeus’s head. Eros - Son of Aphrodite who’s Roman name is Cupid; Shoots arrows to make people fall in love. Demeter - Goddess of the harvest and fertility. Daughter of Cronos and Rhea. Hades - Ruler of the underworld, Tartaros. Son of Cronos and Rhea. Brother to Zeus and Poseidon. Hermes - God of commerce, patron of liars, thieves, gamblers, and travelers. The messenger god. Persephone - Daughter of Demeter. Painted the flowers of the field and was taken to the underworld by Hades. Daedalus - Greece’s greatest inventor and architect. Built the Labyrinth to house the Minotaur. Created wings to fly off the island of Crete. Icarus - Flew too high to the sun after being warned and died in the sea which was named after him. Son of Daedalus. Oranos - Titan of the Sky. Son of Gaia and father to Cronos. Aphrodite - Born from the foam of Oceanus and the blood of Oranos. She’s the goddess of Love and beauty. Prometheus - Known as mankind’s first friend. Was tied to a Mountain and liver eaten forever. Son of Oranos and Gaia. Gave fire and taught men how to hunt. Apollo - God of the sun and also medicine, gold, and music. Son of Zeus and Leto. Baucis - Old peasant woman entertained Zeus and Hermes. -
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure We all know that the atmosphere of Earth exerts a pressure on all of us. This pressure is the result of a column of air bearing down on us. However, in the seventeenth century, many scientists and philosophers believed that the air had no weight, which we already proved to be untrue in the lab (Remembered the fun you had sucking air out of the POM bottle?). Evangelista Torricelli, a student of Galileo’s, proved that air has weight using another experiment. He took a glass tube longer than 760 mm that is closed at one end and filled it completely with mercury. When he inverted the tube into a dish of mercury, some of the mercury flows out, but a column of mercury remained inside the tube. Torricelli argued that the mercury surface in the dish experiences the force of Earth’s atmosphere due to gravity, which held up the column of mercury. The force exerted by the atmosphere, which depends on the atmospheric pressure, equals the weight of mercury column in the tube. Therefore, the height of the mercury column can be used as a measure of atmospheric pressure. Although Torricelli’s explanation met with fierce opposition, it also had supporters. Blaise Pascal, for example, had one of Torricelli’s barometers carried to the top of a mountain and compared its reading there with the reading on a duplicate barometer at the base of the mountain. As the barometer was carried up, the height of the mercury column decreased, as expected, because the amount of air pressing down on the mercury in the dish decreased as the instrument was carried higher. -
Hesiod Theogony.Pdf
Hesiod (8th or 7th c. BC, composed in Greek) The Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are probably slightly earlier than Hesiod’s two surviving poems, the Works and Days and the Theogony. Yet in many ways Hesiod is the more important author for the study of Greek mythology. While Homer treats cer- tain aspects of the saga of the Trojan War, he makes no attempt at treating myth more generally. He often includes short digressions and tantalizes us with hints of a broader tra- dition, but much of this remains obscure. Hesiod, by contrast, sought in his Theogony to give a connected account of the creation of the universe. For the study of myth he is im- portant precisely because his is the oldest surviving attempt to treat systematically the mythical tradition from the first gods down to the great heroes. Also unlike the legendary Homer, Hesiod is for us an historical figure and a real per- sonality. His Works and Days contains a great deal of autobiographical information, in- cluding his birthplace (Ascra in Boiotia), where his father had come from (Cyme in Asia Minor), and the name of his brother (Perses), with whom he had a dispute that was the inspiration for composing the Works and Days. His exact date cannot be determined with precision, but there is general agreement that he lived in the 8th century or perhaps the early 7th century BC. His life, therefore, was approximately contemporaneous with the beginning of alphabetic writing in the Greek world. Although we do not know whether Hesiod himself employed this new invention in composing his poems, we can be certain that it was soon used to record and pass them on. -
M1 Project: Climate - Biosphere Interactions Using ODE Models
M1 Project: Climate - Biosphere interactions using ODE models Jan Rombouts Erasmus Mundus Master in Complex Systems Science Ecole´ Polytechnique, Paris Supervisors: Michael Ghil, Regis Ferri`ere Ecole´ Normal Sup´erieure,Paris June 30, 2014 Abstract There are many examples of the complex interactions of climate and vegetation through various feedback mechanisms. Climatic models have begun to take into ac- count vegetation as an important player in the evolution of the climate. Climate models range from complicated, large scale GCMs to simple conceptual models. It is this last type of modeling that I looked at in my project. Conceptual models usually use differential equations and techniques from dynamical systems theory to investi- gate basic mechanisms in the climate system. They have in particular been applied to investigate glacial-interglacial cycles. These models have not often included vege- tation as one of their variables, and this is what I've looked at in the project. First I investigate a simple, two equation model, and show that even in such a simple model, interesting oscillatory behaviour can be observed. Then I go on to study models with three equations, based on an existing model for temperature and ice sheet evolution. I extend this model in two ways: by adding a vegetation variable, and by adding a carbon dioxide variable. Again, oscillations are observed, but the existence depends on parameters that are linked to the vegetation. Finally I put it all together in a model with four equations. These models show that vegetation is an important factor, and can account for some specific features of glacial-interglacial cycles.