Report of the Committee on Patrick C. Ward, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Inc., CA (/kit. to T. W.Jaeger) Fire Prevention Code PeterJ. Gore W'fllsa, Industrial Risk Insurers, CT (Alt. to D. IC Wilson) Walter Smittle, Chair Staff Liaison: Carl E. Peterson State Fire Marshal, WV Pep. Fire Marshals Association of North America This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have Stanley E. Anderson, Rohm and Haas Texas Inc., "IX occurreaL John IL Bazemore, U.S. Air Force, CO Tracey D. Bellamy, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., SC Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibil- John F. Bender, Office of State Fire Marshal, MD ity for documents on a Fire Prevention Code that includes appropri- James w. Bowman, The DuPont Company, DE ate administrative provisions, to be used with the National Fire W'dliam J. Bradford, Brookfield, CT Codes for the installation, operation, and maintenance of buUdings, CharlesE. Brown, City of Winter Haven Fire Dept., FL structures and premises for thepurpose of providing safety to life Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section and property from fire and explosion. This includes development of Herbert W. Eisenberg, Eisenberg Associates, MA requirements for, and maintenance of, systems and equipment for Gene B. Endthoff, Nat'l. Fire Sprinkler Assn., IL fire control and extinguishment. Safety to life of occupants of Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association buildings and structures is under the primary jurisdiction of the AlfredJ. Hogan, Reedy Creek Improvement District, FL Committee on Safety to Life. Lonnie H. Jackson, Mount Prospect Fire Dept., IL Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage Babcock & Associates Inc., VA The Report of tl~e Technical Committee on the Fire Prevention RobertJ. James, MountainStar Enterprises, Ltd., MN Code is presented for adoption. Richard S. Krans, Petroleum Safety Consultants, VA Rep. American Petroleum Institute This report was prepared by the Techoical Committee on the Fire Bernard P. Lally, NewYork City Fire Dept., NY Prevention Code and proposes for adoption a complete revision of John K. Landry, USF&G Insurance Co., MD NFPA 1-1992, Fire Prevention Code. NFPA 1-1992 is published in Pep. American Insurance Services Group, Inc. Volume 1 of the 1995 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet Ronald K. Mengel, Pittway Systems Technology Group, IL form. Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Assn. Wayne D. Moore, MBS Fire Technology, Inc., GA This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc Committee on the Fire Prevention Code, which consists of 24 voting Richard Oggero, The Weitz Co. Inc., IA members, of whom 21 voted affirmatively, 1 did not return a ballot Wade Schaefer, State Fire Marshals Office, MI (Mr. Landry) and 2 people abstained (Messrs. Eisenberg and Rep. Fire Marshals Association of North America Jaeger). Chester W. Schirmer, Schirmer Engineering Corp., NC Stanley Wheeler, City of Livermore, CA Mr. Eisenberg abstained stating: "Section 1-5 refers to new Rep. NFPA/AEBO,ICBO conditions which conflicts with the requirements of building codes. Dean K. Wilson, Industrial Risk Insurers, CT It also mandates the retroactive updating of existingbuildings which Rep. Industrial Risk Insurers is unacceptable. The exception and Section 1-8.2 (b) is undefined as to what the hazard may be, therefore, entirelyjudgmental and Alternates subject to possible abuse and/or abandonment of buildings rather than creative reuse." Carl F. Baldassarra, Schirmer Engineering Corp., IL (Alt. to C. W. Schirmer) Mr. Jaeger fibstalned stating: "I was not able to adequately review William Hopple, Simplex Time Recorder Co., CA the material in the time allowed for the final date of the ballot. (AlL to R~ K. Mengel) There have been extensive changes made as the result of the • Gerald E. Lingenfelter, American Ins Services Group Inc., NY committee agreeing to update extracted material." (Alt. toJ. K. Landry)
330 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
(Log #5) 1-5- (3-13.1): Reject ( Log #1 ) 1- 1 - (1-5): Reject SUBMITTER: C.W. Girth, Bureau of Fire Prevention RECOMMENDATION: Revise text. Note: This proposal appeared as comment 1-20 which was held for "Natural cut Christmas trees shall not be permitted in assembly, further study from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal N/A~ educational, health care, nlaces ofworshio, residential board and SUBMrlq'ER: Charles H. Kime, Phoenix Fire Dept. care, detention and correctional, mercantile, hotel, or dormitory RECOMMENDATION: Renumber 1-5.9 to 1-5.10 and ADD new 1- occupancies." 5.9 to read: "Any alteration, or any installations of new equipment, shall be Add "PLACES OF WORSHIP". SUBSTANTIATION: Churches are one of the worst places to have accomplished as nearly as practical in conformance with the natural Christmas trees. This should be spelled out. requirements for new construction. Alterations shall not diminish Reject. the level of fire safety bdow that which exists prior to the alteration. COMMITTEE ACTION: A place of worship is an assembly In no case shall the resulting fire safety be less than that required for COMMITTEE STATEMENT: property as defined in Section 2-1 and in NFPA 101, Life Safety existing buildings." SUBSTANTIATION: The current document does not contain any Code. The Committee feels it is not necessary to repeat it here. provision to assure that any equipment installed or altered in any (Log #CP1) way, shape or form is in conformance with the provisions of this Code. This proposal will assure that not only a structure but also the 1- 6 - (5-2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, equipment contained therein meets the provisions of the Code. Delete Section 5-2. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. ] RECOMMENDATION: COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The proposed wording is undear and SUBSTANTIATION: The text in this section goes beyond the provisions of the other NFPA Codes and Standards and the model is not enforceable. The subject is already covered in 1-4.6 of NFPA building codes and is not allowed under the directions to the Fire 101 and this language is inconsistent with that language. Prevention Code Committee from the NFPA Standards Council. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #CP4) (Log #CP6) 1- 2 - (1-5.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, 1- 7- (6-2.1): Accept i RECOMMENDATION: Add a second paragraph to 1-5.5 to read: SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, RECOMMENDATION: Delete the words "and maintenance" from "Existing buildings or installations that do not comply with the ] provisions of the publications referenced in 43-1.1 shall be permitted the sentence. to be continued in service, provided the lack of conformity with SUIKSTANTIATION: Maintenance is now covered by NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water these standards does not present a serious hazard." SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee recognizes that it is some- Based Fire Protection Systems. SeeProposal 1-9 (Log #12) which times not practical to continually upgrade existing buildings or adds text to reference NFPA 25 for inspection, testing and mainte- nance of standpipe systems. installations to comply with all the requirements of the current Accept. edition of codes andstandards. The new wording will allow those COMMITTEE ACTION: facilities to continue to be used where the anthonty having jurisdiction feels the lack of conformity does not present a serious hazard. (Log #CP2) COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. 1- 8- (6-2.2.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, ] RECOMMENDATION: Delete the text of 6-2.2.1. SUBSTANTIATION: The text in this section goes beyond the provisions of the other NFPA Codes and Standards and the model (Log #22) building codes and is not allowed under the directions to the Fire I- 3- (2-1): Reject SUBMrvrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. Prevention Code Committee from the NFPA Standards Council. RECOMMENDATION: Revise as follows: COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. "Mercantile occupancies include stores, marke~s, and other rooms, buildings, or structures for the ,~v,l~: a,~d ~a:~! ,£ l,,c;~I,~.,Z~- wholesale or retail displaying, selling, or buvin~ of ~oods. wares, or (Log #12) merchandise. Mercantile oc~upancGs include-auction rooms; bulk 1- 9 - (6-2.3): Accept merchandise stores: department stores; discount stores: drugstores; SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. RECOMMENDATION: Replace all of 6-2.3 with the following: hardware stores: shopping centers; paint or specialty, product stores: 6-2.3 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance. and supermarkets." SUBSTANTIATION: 1st sentence; correlation with NFPA 301995 6-2.3.1 A standpipe system installed in accordance with this Code shall be properly maintained toprovide at least the same level of definitions. performance and protection as designed. The owner shall be 2nd sentence; darification that "mercantile" occupancies represent a broad range of operations. responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good working condition. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. 6-2.3.2 A standpipe system installed in accordance with this (lode COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This definition is extracted from NFPA 101 and the Committee does not feel there is a need to shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA expand the list beyond what has worked well in NFPA 101. 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water Based Fire Protection Systems. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 25 is the proper place for inspection, testing and maintenance requirements. (Log #23) Accept. 1-4- (2-1 Non-Combustible Liquid (New)): Reject COMI~TI'EE ACTION: SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. RECOMMENDATION: Add new definition: (Log #CP10) Non-Combnstible Liouid. Liouids that have no fire noint when tested bv ASTM D 92. ~levelan~l Open CuD Test Me~od. up tO the 1- 10- (6-4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, boilin~ ooint of the liquid or un to a temffcrature at which the samnl~ bein~ tested shows an obvious physical chan~e." RECOMMENDATION: Add text extracted from NFPA 25 to section SUBSTANTIATION: None. . - v 6-4 as follows: (note: the identification of where the text is being extracted from is shown following each paragraph. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. 6-4.6.3 Annual Tests. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This approach is inconsistent with 6-4.6.3.1 An annual test of each pump assembly shall be conducted NFPA 30 and the submitter has not provided any substantiation under minimum, rated, and peak flows of the fire pump by indicating why he feels it is necessary to add this definition. controlling the quantity of water discharged through approved test devices. This test shall be conducted as described in 6-4.6.1 (a), (b), or (c). (25:5-3.3.1) Exception: ff available suction supplies do not allow flowing of 150 percent of the rated pump capacity, the fire pump shall be operated at maximum allowable discharge. This reduced capacity shallnot constitute a noncompliant test 331 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
(a) Use of the pump discharge via the hose streams;pump suction 0-4.6.5 Test Results and Evaluation. and discharge pressures and the flow measurements of each hose 6-4,6.5.1 The interpretation of the test results shall be the basis of stream shall determine the total pump output. the determination of adequacy of the pump assembly. Such NOTE: Care should be taken to prevent water damage by verifying interpretation shall be made by those skilled in such matters. (25:5- there is adequate drainage for the high pressure water discharge 3.5.1) from hoses. 6-4.6.5.2 The pump test curve shall be compared to the unadjusted (b) Use of the pump discharge via the bypass flow meter to drain field acceptance test curve and the previous annual test curve(s). or suction the reservoir;, pump suction and discharge pressures and Theoretical factors for correction to the rated speed shall not be the flow meter measurements shall determine the total pump applied where determining the compliance of the pump per the test. output. (25:5-3.5.2) (c) Use of the pump discharge via the bypass flow meter to pump 6-4.6.5.3 Current and voltage readings whose product does not suction (dosed-loop metering); pump suction and discharge exceed the product of the rated voltage and rated full-load current pressures and the flow meter measurements shall determine the multiplied by the permitted motor service factor shall be considered total pump output. acceptable. Voltage readings at the motor within 5 percent below or Where the annual test is conducted periodically in accordance with 10 percent above the rated (nameplate) voltage shall be considered 6-4.6.1 (c), a test shall be conducted every 3 years in accordance with acceptable. (25:5-3.5.3) 6-4.6.1 (a) or (b) in lieu of the method described in 6-4.6.1 (c). 6-4.6.5.4 The pump shall be capable of supplying the maximum Where 6-4.6.1 (b) or (c) is used, the flow meter shall be adjusted system demand. (25:5-3.5.4) immediately prior to conducting the test in accordance with the SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee feels that having the manufacturer's instructions. If the test results are not consistent with additional extracted text in the Code rather than just as part of a the previous annual test, 6-4.6.1 (a) shall be used. If testing in referenced document will assist the user with the proper enforce- accordance with 6-4.6.1 (a) is not possible, a flow meter calibration ment of the Code. shall be performed and the test shall be repeated. COMMITYEE ACTION: Accept. 6-4.6.3.2 The pertinent visual observations, measurements, and adjustments specified in Table 6-4.6.2 shall be conducted while the (Log #13) pump is running and flowing water under the specified output 1-11 - (6-4.6): Accept condition. SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. RECOMMENDATION: Replace all of 6-4.6 with the following: 6-4.6 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance. Table 6-4.6.3.2 Annual Test Procedure 6-4.6.1 Afire pump installed in accordance with this Code shall be properly maintainedto provide at least the same level of perfor- mance and protection as designed. The owner shall be responsible At No-Flow Condition (Chum) for maintaining the system and keeping it in good working (Conduct this test first) condition. 6-4.6.2 A fire pump installed in accordance with this Code shall be Check circulation relief walve for operation to discharge water inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, (see 9-5.4 of NFPA 25) Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water Check pressure relief valve (if installed) for proper operation Based Fire Protection Systems. (see 9-5.4 of NFPA 25) Also delete 6-4.7 and 6-4.8. Continue test for 1/2 hour SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 25 is the proper place for inspection, testing and maintenance requirements. At Each Flow Condition COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept.
Record electric motor voltage and current (all lines) (Log #14) Record pump speed in rpm 1- 12 - (6-5.3 (New)): Accept Record simultaneous (approximately) readings of pump suction and SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. discharge pressures and pump discharge flow RECOMMENDATION: Add section 6-5.3 as follows: Observe operation of any alarm indicators or any visible abnormali- 6-5.3 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance. ties (see 9-5.4.1.1 of NFPA 25) (25:5-3.3.2) 6-5.3.1 A private fire service main installed in accordance with this Code shall be properly maintained to provide at least the same level of performance and protection as designed. The owner shall be 6-4.6.3.3 For installations having a device installed to control responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good minimum suction pressure by throttling action, low sui:tion pressure working condition. on the device (below set minimum value) shall be simulated while 6-5.3.2 A private fire service main installed in accordance with this pumping at the rated flow. Throtding action shall be observed for Code shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with any abnormality (e.g., cavitation, pressure surges, failure to throttle). NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of The simulated low suction pressure on the device shall be removed Water Based Fire Protection Systems. and throttling action again shall be observed for any abnormality as SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 25 is the proper place for inspection, the pump returns to full flow.(25:5-3.3.3) testing and maintenance requirements. 6-4.6.3.4 For installations having an automatic transfer switch, the COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. following test shall be performed to ensure that the overcurrent protective devices (fuses or circuit breakers) do not open. Normal (Log #CP7) power failure shall be simulated while the pump is delivering peak 1- 13 - (7-1.1): Accept PaloWer output to cause connection of the pump motor to the SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, ternate power source. The pump's peak power output shall be RECOMMENDATION: Revise the first sentence of 7-1.1 to read: restored (if necessary). The simulated normal power failure "Automatic sprinklers shall be installed and maintained in full condition then shall be removed, which, after a time delay, shall operating condition, as required for the occupancy involved by the cause the reconnection of the pump motor to the normal power codes or standards listed in Chapter 45." source. (25:5-3.3.4) SUBSTANTIATION: This change deletes the wording "where 6-4.6.3.5 Alarm conditions shall be simulated by activating alarm specified by this Code, or where more restrictive." This is in keeping circuits at alarm sensor locations, and all such local or remote alarm with the directive from the Standards Council that this Code cannot indicating devices (visual and audible) shall be observed for be more restrictive than the codes responsible for the occupancy. operation. (25:5-3.3.5) The other changes are editorial. 6-4.6.4 Other Tests. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. 6-4.6.4.1 Engine generator sets supplying emergency or standby power to fire pump assemblies shall be tested routinely in accor- (Log #2) dance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power 1- 14- (%2.3 (New)): Accept in Principle Systems. (25:5-3.4.1) Note: This proposal appeared as comment 1-62 which was held for 6-4.6.4.2 Automatic transfer switches shall be tested routinely and further study from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal 1.4. exercised in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency SUBMITTER: Martin H. Reiss, Cerberus Technologies and Standby Power Systems. (25:5-3.4.2) RECOMMENDATION: Add new paragraph: 6-4.6.4.3 Tests of appropriate environmental pump room space 7-2.3 Supervision. The automatic sprinkler system shall be conditions shall be made (e.g., heating, ventilation, illumination) to electronically supervised such that a distinct supervisory signal shall ensure proper manual or automatic operation of the associated be provided to indicate a condition that would impair the satisfac- equipment. (25:5-3.4.3) tory operation of the sprinkler system. The signalshall be in accordance with 8-1.1.
332 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
SUBSTANTIATION: Sprinkler supervision is necessary to monitor (Log #CP8) the performance of the ability of the sprinkler system to function 1- 18- (7-5): Accept pCroperly. SUBMITrEPe Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, OMMITIT.,EACTION: Accept in Principle. RECOMMENDATION: Add text extracted from NFPA 25 to section Add a new 7-2.3 using text extracted from 4-6.1.1.3.from NFPA 13. 7-5 as follows: (Note: the identification of where the text is being The text will read: extracted from is shown following each para~graph. "Valves on connections to water supplies, sectional control valves, 7-5.3 To avoid false alarms where a superwsory service is provided, and other valves in supply pipes to sprinklers shall be supervised the alarm receiving facility always shall be notified by the owner or open by one of the following methods: designated representative as follows: (a) Central station, proprietary, or remote station signaling service. (a) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result in (b) Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an the activation of an alarm, and audible signal at a cortstandy attended point. (b) After such tests or procedures are concluded.(25:2-1.2) (c) Valves locked in the open position. 7-5.4 Annually, prior to the onset of freezing weather, buildings (d) Valves located within fenced enclosures under the control of with wet pipe systems shall be inspected to verify that windows, the owner, sealed in the open position, and inspected weekly as part skylights, doors, ventilators,.. other openings and closures, blind of an approved procedure. spaces, unused atucs, stmr towers, roof houses, and low spaces under Floor control waives in high rise buildings and valves controlling flow buildings do not expose water-filled sprinkler piping to freezing and to sprinklers in circulating closed loop systems shall comply with (a) that adequate heat [minimum 40°F (4.4°C)] i~ffvail~tble.(25:2-2.5) or (b) above. 7-5.5 Waterflow alarm devices including, but not limited to, Exception: Supervision of underground gate valves with roadway mechanical water motor gongs, vane-type waterflow devices, and boxes shall.not be required. (13:4-6.1.1.3) pressure switches that provid$ audible or visual signals shall be tested quarterly. (25:2-3.3) COMMITFEE STATEMENT: This subject is currendy covered in 7-5.6 A supply of spare sprinklers (never less than 6) shall be stored NFPA 13 and the Committee is extracting the text to use in NFPA 1. in a cabinet on the premises for replacement purposes. The stock of s p are s p rinklers shall, be pro ortionally rep regenCative. .ofthe types and temperature ratings of ~e system sprinklers. A mammum of two sprinklers of each type and temperature rating installed shall be (Log #6) provided. The cabinet shall be so located thatit will not be exposed 1- 15 - (7-2.3 (New)): Reject to moisture, dust, corrosion, or a temperature exceeding 100°17 SUBMITTER: Thomas IL Wood, Boca Raton Fire Dept, FL (38°C). RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read: Exception: Where dry sprinklers of different lengths are installed, "Backflow prevention devices shall only be retroactively installed on spare dry sprinklers shall not be required,provided that a means of existing fire sprinkler systems following a thorough hydraulic returning me system to service is furnished. (25:2-4.1.4) analysis, including revised hydraulic calculations, new fire flow data 7-5.6.1 The stock of sp.are sprinklers shall be as follows: and all necessary system modifications to accommodate the (a) For protected facdities having not over 300 sprinklers - not less additional friction loss." than 6 sprinklers SUBSTANTIATION: Research that I conducted as a part of the (b) Fo'r protected facilities having 300 to 1000 sprinklers - not less National Fire Academy Executive Fire Officer Program found a than 12 stbrinklers (c) For protected facilities having over 1000 sprinklers - not less serious problem with the retroactive installation of backflow than 24 sprinklers. (25:2-4.1.5) prevention devices on existing fire sprinkler system. A survey of 178 7-5.7 Spn'nklers protecting spray coatin~ areas shall be protected fire chiefs in 38 states found that backflow preventers had been against, overs p ray residue ..pS rinklers, subject to. oversp.ray accumula-, retroactively installed in 38.8 percent of the communities. In 31.6 taons shall be protected using plasuc bags having a mayamum percent of those communities no steps were taken to accommodate thickness of 0.003 in. (0.076-trim) or with small paper bags. the additional friction loss. A majority of communities (56.7 Coverings shall be replaced when deposits or residue accumulate. percent) are likely to face this issue in the future. This proposal is (25:2-4.I".7) intended to prevent further deterioration of fire sprinkler system 7-5.8 Sprinklers shall not be altered in any respect or have any type integrity. The future may hold many cases where fire sprinkler of ornamentation,paint, or coatings applied after shipment from systems fail to control fires and the additional friction loss of a the place of manufacture. (25:2-4.L8) retrofitted backflow prevention device is the major contributing 7-52.9 Sprinklers and automatic spray nozzles used for protecting factorI commercial-type cooking equipment and ventilating systems shall be COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. replaced annually. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee feels this is beyond Exception: Where automatic bulb-type sprinklers or spray nozzles the scope of NFPA 1. are used and annual examination shows no buildup of grease or other material on the sprinklers or spray nozzles, such sprinklers and sway nozzles shall not be required to be replaced. (25:2--4.1.9) 7-5.10 Dry Pipe Systems. Dry pipe systems shall be maintained dry at all times. (Log #15) Exception: During nonfreezing weather, a dry pipe system shall be 1- 16 - (7-3.1): Accept perm-itted to be left wet if the 6nly other optiofii~to remove the SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. system from service while waiting for parts or during repair activities. i RECOMMENDATION: Replace all of 7-3.1 with all of section 4- (25:2-4.2) 5.4.1.1 and 4-5.4.1.2 from NFPA 13 using the extraction policy. 7-5.10.1 Air driers shall be maintained in accordance with the SUBSTANTIATION: Currently, section 7-3.1 differs from NFPA 13 manufacturer's instructions. (25:2-4.2.1) creating conflicts. NFPA 13 should be the governing document. 7-5.10.2 Compressors used in conjunction with dry-pipe sprinkler The requirements don't need to be repeated here at all since NFPA systems shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's 13 is referenced: however, if the Committee feels it necessary to do, instructions. (25:2-4.2.2) there should not be a conflict. 7-5.11 Where maintenance or repair requires the replacement of COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. rinkler system components affecting more than 20 sprinklers, COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This text is now 4-6.4.1.1 and 4-6.4.1.2 ~ ose components shall be installed and tested in accordance with in NFPA 13. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. (25:2- 4.3)" SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee feels that having the (Log #16) additional extracted text in the Code rather than just as part of a 1- 17- (7-4.1): Accept referenced document will assist the user with the proper enforce- SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. ment of the Code. I RECOMMENDATION: Delete 7-4.1. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. SUBSTANTIATION: This requirement will be covered by sections 7-5 and 7-6. There is no reason to highlight the maintenance or accessibility of one component within the system. (Log #17) COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. 1- 19- (7-5.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTERd Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. RECOMMENDATION: Replace 7-5.1 with section 31-1.3.6 from the Life Safety Code (1991) using the extraction policy. SUBSTANTIATION: The Life Safety Code handles this subject in a much more realistic manner. There are going to be times when sprinkler systems may be out of service and the owner must be given choices (evacuate or set up a fire watch).
333 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. 8-1.2 All new buildings 1lying units in: Revise %5.1 to read: "All automatic sprinkler systems shall be Hotels and Dormitories, continuously maintained in a reliable operatingcondition at all Apartment Buildings, times, and such periodic inspections and tests shall be made as are sidential Board and Care, necessary to ensure proper maintenance. When an automatic Lodging and Rooming Houses, sprinkler system is out of service for more than 4 hours within a 24 One and Two Family Dwelling, hour period, the building shall be evacuated, or an approved fire Health Care, watch shall be provided for all portions left unprotected by the Ambulatory Health Care and sprinkler system shutdown until the sprinkler system has been Detention and Correctional Occupancies returned to service." shall be protected by single station smoke detectors. Smoke COMMITTEE STATEMENT: NFPA 101 has changed this wording detectors shall receive their operating power from the building substantially so there is no longer a single paragraph that can be electrical system. Where two or more smoke detectors are required extracted that deals with maintenance of sprinkler systems. The within a living unit, they shall be arranged so that the activation of Committee is using the wording from the 1991 edition of NFPA 101 any detector causes the operation of an alarm that shall be clearly but has removed the wording from the proposed text that ties this audible throughout the living unit. The detectors shall sound an requirement just to sprinkler systems required by the Code. The alarm only within the living unit. Remote annunciation is permitted. Committee feels all sprinkler systems should be maintained whether 8-1.3 All new buildings common areas and work spaces, corridors, required by the Code or not. lobbies, e¢]uipment rooms and other spaces suitable for smoke detection m: Hotels and Dormitories, (Log #18) RApartment Buildings, 1- 20 - (7-6): Accept esidential Board and Care, SUBMITI'ER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. Lodging and Rooming Houses, RECOMMENDATION: Replace all of 7-6 with the following: Assembly, 7-6 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance. Educational, 7-(5.1 A sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Code Health Care, shall be properly maintained toprovide at least the same level of Ambulatory Health Care, performance and protection as designed. The owner shall be Detention and Correctional, responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good Business, working condition. Mercantile, 7-6.2 A sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Code Industrial and shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA Storage Occupancies 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water shall be protected by a smoke detection system. Based Fire Protection Systems. Exception: Building under three stories with direct eqress of SUI~TANTIATION: The NFPA 13A reference has been eliminated occupants directly to the outside. because the document no longer exists. 8-1.4 High Rise Buildings. All high rise buildings shall be Information on the duties of installation contractors has been protectedby an automatic smoke detection system with emergency eliminated since the document spedfied no longer exists and since voice evacuation. NFPA 13 covers the situation as an installation document. NFPA 1 is SUBSTANTIATION: Since Section 7-1 defines the requirement for not generally read by contractors. installation of automatic sprinkler systems, a similar requirement is COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. necessary in Chaptet~ 8 for fire detection and alarm systems in order to provide proper information to the Code enforcement officer. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. (Log #19) COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The subject of this proposal is within 1- 21 - (7-7): Acceptin Principle the jurisdiction of other Committees and it is not within the purview SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Assoc. of this Committee to include such requirements except by extract. RECOMMENDATION: Delete %7. SUBSTANTIATION: The title of the chapter is "Automatic Sprinkler Systems". Nothing in this section applies to sprinkler systems. NFPA 13D and 13R do not belong in this section since they (Log #10) are referenced in paragraph 7-1.1 and should not be considered 1- 24- (8-1.1): Accept "other" than a sprinkler system. SUBMITTERa Joseph A. Drouin, Gardner, MA COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. RECOMMENDATION: In paragraph 8-1.1 change the tile of NFPA Move the text that is now Section 7-7 to become a new Section 6-7. 72 to the "National Fire Alarm Code", and delete the second COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee wants to retain this sentence. text but agrees it is not in the correct location within the Code. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 72-1993 National Fire Alarm Code is a consolidation of NFPA 71, 72, 72E, 72G, 72H, 74 and the reporting part of NFPA 1221 and contains all fire alarm system requirements. COMMITFEE ACTION: Accept. (Log #CPg) 1- 22 - (Table 7-7): Accept SUBMIq[q'ER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, RECOMMENDATION: Add NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent (Log#11) Fire Extinguishing Systems, to Table 7-7 (renumbered as Table 6-7) 1- 25 - (8-2): Accept in Principle and delete the reference to NFPA 12B. SUBMITIXR: Joseph A. Drouin, Gardner, MA SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 12B has been withdrawn and NFPA RECOMMENDATION: Revise "Section 8-2" to the "NFPA 72, 2001 now covers extinguishing systems that are suitable for some National Fire Alarm Code" as follows: ~p(~MMri,rlications. 8-2.1.1 EE ACTION: Accept. (a) Manual alarm signal initiation, (b) Automatic alarm signal initiation, (Log #3) (c) Monitoring of abnormal conditions in fire suppression systems, 1- 23- (8-1 (New)): Reject (d) Activation of fire suppression systems, Note: This proposal appeared as comment 1-73 which was held for (e) Activation of fire safety functions, further study from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal 1-4. (f) Activations of alarm notification appliances, SUBMI'ITER: Martin H. Reiss, Cerberus Technologies (g) Emergencyvoice/alarm communications, RECOMMENDATION: Add the new "Section 8-1 Where Required" (h) Guard's tour supervisory service, and renumber remainder of chapter. (i) Process monitoring supervisory systems, Section 8-1 Where Required (~) Activation of off-premises signals, 8-1.1 Fire detection and alarm systems shall be installed and Combination systems, maintained in field operating condition where specified by this code (1) Integrated systems or where more restrictive, as specified for the occupancy involved in (72:3-3) the codes. Installations shall be in accordance with applicable 8-2.1.2 Fire alarm systems serving two or more zones shall identify requirements of NFPA 72, Protective Signaling Systems; NFPA 72E, the zone of origin of the alarm initiation by annunciation or coded Automatic Fire Detectors and NFPA 74, Household Fire Warning signal. (72:1-5.7.1.2) Equipment.
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8-2.1.3 A device or system having materials or forms different from 8-2.5.3 The number of waterflow switches permitted to be con- those detailed in this code shall be permitted to be examined and nected to a single initiating device circuit shall not exceed five. tested according to file intent of the code and, if found equivalent, (72:3-8.6.3) shall be approved. (72:1-3.2) 8-2.5.4 The number of supervisory devices permitted to be 8-2.1.4 All initiating devices, notification appliances, and control connected to a single initiating device circuit shall not exceed 20. equipment constructed and installed in conformity with this code (72:3-8.7.1.2) shall be listed for the purpose for which they are intended. (72:1- 8-2.5.5 Provisions shall be made to indicate the flow of water in a 5.3.1) sprinkler system by an alarm signal within 90 sec after flow of water 8-2.1.5 All detection devices that receive their power from the at the alarm-initiating device equal to or greater than that from a initiating device circuit or signaling line circuit of a fire alarm single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system. control unit shall be listed for use with the control unit. (72:1-5.3.2) Movement of water due to waste, surges, or variable pressure shall 8-2.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. not be indicated. (72:5-7.2) 8-2.2.1 Certificate of Completion. A certificate (see Figure 1-7.2.1) 8-2.6 Monitoring for Integrity. shall be prepared for each system. Parts 1, 2, and 4 through 10 shall 8-2.6.1 All means of interconnecting equipment, devices, and be completed after the system is installed and the installation wiring appliances and wiring connections shall be'monitored for the has been checked, Part 3 shall be completed after the operational integrity of the interconnecting conductors or equivalent path so acceptance tests have been completed. A preliminary copy of the that the occurrence of a single open or a single ground fault certificate shall be given to the system owner and, when requested, condition in the installation conductors or other signaling channels to other authorities having jurisdiction after completion of the and their restoration to normal shall be automatically indicated installation wiring tests, and a final copy after completion of the within 200 seconds. operational acceptance tests. (72:1-7.2.1) NOTE: The provisions of a double loop or other multiple path 8-2.2.2 Testing. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the conductor or circuit to avoid electrical monitoring is not acceptable. schedules in dais chapter or more frequendy where required by the Exception No. 1: Styles of initiating device circuits, signaling line authority having jurisdiction. Where automatic testing isj)erformed circuits, and notification appliance circuits tabulated in Tables 3-5.1, at least weekly by a remotely monitored fire alarm control unit 3-6.1, and 3-7.1 that do not have an "X" under "trouble" for the specifically listed for the application, the manual testing frequency abnormal condition indicated. shall be permitted to be extended to annually. (See Table 7-3.2) Exception No. 2: Shorts between conductors, except as required by (72:7-3.2) 1-5.8.3, 1-5.8.4, 1-5.8.5.2, Tables 3-5.1, 3-6.1, and 3-7.1, are not 8-2.3 Fire Alarm Boxes. covered by this code. 8-2.3.1 Manual fire alarm boxes shall be used only for fire alarm- Exception No. 3: A noninterfering shunt circuit, provided that a initiating purposes. However, combination manual fire alarm boxes fault circuit condition on the shunt circuit wiring results only in the and gna~d's s!gnaling stations shall be permitted. (72:5-9.1) loss of the noninterfering feature of operation. Each 15ox shall be securely mounted. The operable part of 8-2.3.2 Exception No. 4: Connections to and between supplementary each manual fire alarm box shall be not less than 3 1/2 ft (1.1 m) and not more than 4 1/2 ft (1.37 m) above floor level. system components, provided that single open, ground, or short 8-2.3.3 Manual fire alarm boxes shall be distributed throughout the circuit conditions of the supplementary equipment and/or protected area so that they are unobstructed, readily accessible, and interconnecting means does not affect the required operation of the located in the normal path of exit from the area as follows: fire alarm system. (a) At least one manual fire alarm box shall be provided on each Exception No. 5: The circuit of an alarm notification appliance floor. installed in the same room with the central control equipment, (b) Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided so that provided that the notification appliance circuit conductors are travel distance to the nearest fire alarm box will not be in excess of installed in conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical 200 ft (61 m) measured horizontally on the same floor. injury. (c) For systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow Exception No. 6: A trouble signal circuit. detection devices, atleast one manual fire alarm box shall be Exception No. 7: Interconnection between equipmentwithin a provided to initiate a fire alarm signal. Tltis manual fire alarm box common enclosure. shall be located where required by the authority having jurisdiction. NOTE: This code does not have jurisdiction over monitoring (72:5-9.1.2) integrity of conductors within equipment, devices, or appliances. 8-2.4 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Service. Exception No. 8: Interconnection between enclosures containing 8-2.4.1 General. control equipment located within 20 ft (6 m) when the conductors 8-2.4.1.1 Automatic fire detectors shall be located, maintained and are installed in conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical tested in accordance with NFPA 72. injury. 8-2.4.2 Automatic alarm initiating devices having integral trouble Exception No. O: Conductors for ground detection, where a single contacts shall be wired on the initiating device circuit so that a ground does not prevent the required normal operation of the trouble condition within a device does not impair the alarm system. transmission from any other initiating device. (72:3-8.2.2) Exception No. 10: Central station circuits serving notification 8-2.4.3 Systems equipped with alarm verification features shall be appliances within a central station. permitted, provided: Exception No. 11: Pneumatic rate-of-rise systems of the continuous (a) A smoke detector continuously subjected to a smoke concen- line type in which the wiring terminals of such devices are connected tration above alarm threshold magnitude initiates a system alarm in multiple across electifically supervised circuits. (72:1-5.8.1) within 1 min. 8-2.6.2 Interconnection means shall be arranged so that a single (b) Actuation of an alarm initiating device other than smoke break or single ground fault will not cause an alarm signal. (72:1- detector shall cause a system alarm signal within 15 sec. (72:3-8.2.3) 5.8.2) 8-2.4.4 Where individual alarm initiating devices are used to control 8-2.6.3 An open, ground, or short circuit fault on the installation the operation of equipment as permitted by 1-5.4.1, this control conductors of one alarm notification appliance circuit shall not capability shall remain operable even if all of the initiating devices affect the operation of any other alarm notification circuit. (72:1- connected to the same circuit are in an alarm state. (72:3-8.2.4) 5.8.3) 8-2.4.5 Systems that require the operation of two automatic 8-2.6.4 The occurrence of a wire-to-wire short circuit fault on any detection devices to initiate the alarm response shall be permitted, notification appliance circuit shall result in a trouble signal at the provided: protected premises. (a) They are not prohibited by the authority having jurisdiction. Exception No. 1 : A circuit employed to produce a supplementary (b) There are at least two automatic detection devices in each local alarm signal, provided that the occurrence of a short circuit on protected space. the circuit in no way affects the required operation of the fire alarm (c) Automatic detection device area spacing is no more than one- system. half that determined by the application of Chapter 5. Exception No. 2: The circuit of an alarm notification appliance (d) The alarm verification feature is not used. (72:3-8.2.5) installed in the same room with the central control equipment, 8-2.5 WaterflowAlarm Service. provided that the notification appliance circuit conductors are 8-2.5.1 A dry-pipe sprinkler system equipped for waterflowalarm installed in conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical signaling shall be supervised for off-normal system air pressure. injury. (72:3-8.7.4) Exception No. 3: Central station circuits serving notification 8-2.5.2 Automatic fire suppression system alarm and supervisory" appliances within a central station. (72:1-5.8.4) signal initiating devices and their circuits shall be so designed and 8-2.7 Power Supply Source. Fire alarm systems shall be provided installed that they cannot be readily tampered with, opened, or with at least two independent and reliable power supplies, one removed without initiating a signal. This provision specifically primary and one secondary (standby), each of which shall be of includes junction boxes installed outside of buildings to facilitate adequate capacity for the application. access to the initiating device circuit. (72:3-8.11.1)
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Exception No. 1: Where the primary power is supplied by a 8-2.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes shall be diswibuted throughout dedicated branch circuit of an emergency system in accordance with the protected area so that they are unobstructed, readily accessible, NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 700, or a legally required and located in the normal path of exit from the area as follows: standby system in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical (a) At least one manual fire alarm box shall be provided on each Code, Article701, a secondary supply is not required. floor. Exception No. 2: Where the primary power is supplied by a (b) Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided so that dedicated branch circuit of an optional standby system in accor- travel distance to the nearest fire alarm box will not be in excess of dance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 702, which 200 ft (61 m) measured horizontally on the same floor. also meets the performance requirements of Artide 700 or Article (c) For systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow 701, a secondary supply is not required. detection devices, at least on the manual fire alarm box shall be Note to ExceptionsNo. 1 and No. 2: A trouble signal is not provided to initiate a fire alarm signal. This manual fire alarm box required where operating power is being supplied by either of the shall be located where required by the authority having jurisdiction. two sources of power indicated in Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 above, . (72:5-9.1.2) if they are capable of providing the hours of operation required by 1- 8-2.4 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Service. 5.2.5 and loss of primary power is otherwise indicated (e.g., by loss of 8-2.4.1 Automatic fire detectors shall be located, maintained and building lighting). tested in accordance with NFPA 72. Where dc voltages are employed they shall be limited to no more 8-2.4.2 Automatic alarm initiating devices having integral trouble than 350 volts above earth ground. (72:1-5.2.3). contacts shall be wired on the initiating device circuit so that a SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 72-1990 Protective Signaling Systems trouble condition within a device does not impair the alarm Standard was completely revised and retitled NFPA 72-1993 National transmission from any other initiating device. (72:3-8.2.2) Fire Alarm Code. NOTE: Though a trouble signal is required when a plug-in Paragraphs were renumbered, relocated and in many cases initiating device is removed from its base, it is not considered as a modified. trouble ~ondition within the device and the requirement of 8-2.4.3 COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. does not apply. Revise Section 8-2 to read as follows: 8-2.4.3 Systems equipped wit1 alarm verification features shall be 8-2 Fire Alarm Systems. permitted, providea: (a) A smo~ke detector continuously subjected to a smoke concen- 8-2.1 Introduction. tration above alarm threshold magnitude initiates a system alarm 8-2.1.1 Where required by this Code or the referenced codes and within 1 minute. standards listed in Chapter 43, fire alarm systems shall provide for (b) Actuation of an alarm initiating device other than a smoke one or more of the following: detector shall cause a system alarm slgaal within 15 sec. (72:3-8.2.3) (a) Manual alarm signal initiation, 8-2.4.4 Where individual alarm initiating devices are used to (b) Automatic alarm signal initiation, control the operation of equipment as permitted by 1-5.4.1, this (c) Monitoring of abnormal conditions in fire suppression systems, control capal$ility shall remaih operable even if all of the initiating (d) Activation of fire suppression systems, devices cohnected to the same circuit are in an alarm state. (72:3- (e) Activation of fire safety functions, 8.2.4) (f) Activations of alarm notification appliances, 8-2.4.5 Systems that require the operation of two automatic (g) Emergency voice/alarm communications, detection devices to initiate the alarm response shall be permitted, (h) Guard's tour supervisory service, provided: (i) Process monitoring supervisory systems, (a) Tffey are notprohibited by the authority having jurisdiction. (j) Activation of off-premises signals, (b) There are at [east two automatic detection devices in each protected space. (k) Combination systems, (c) Automatic detection device area spacing is no more thanLone- (1) Integrated systems. (72:3-3) haft that determined by the application of Chapter 5 of NFPA 72. 8-2.1.2 Fire alarm systems serving two or more zones shall identify (d) The alarm verification feature is not used. (72:3-8.2.5) the zone of origin of the alarm initiation by annunciation or coded 8-2.5 Waterflow Alarm Service. signal. (72:1-5.7.1.2) 8-2.5.1 A dry-pipe sprinkler system equipped for water flow alarm 8-2.1.3 A device or system having materials or forms different from signaling shall be supervised for off-normal system air pressure. those detailed in NFPA 72 shall be permitted to be examined and (72:3-8.7.4) tested according to the intent of NFPA 72 and, if found equivalent, 8-2.5.2 Automatic fire suppression system alarm and supervisory shall be approved. (72:1-3.2) signal initiating devices and their circuits shall be so designed and 8-2.1.4 All initiating devices, notification appliances, and control installed that they cannot be readily tampered with, opened, or equipment constructed and installed in conformity with NFPA 72 removed without initiating a signal. This provision specifically shall be listed for the purpose for which they are intended. (72:1- includes junction boxes installed outside of buildings to facilitate 5.3.1) access to the initiating device circuit. (72:3-8.11.1) 8-2.1.5 All detection devices that receive their power from the 8-2.5.3 The number ofwaterflow switches permitted to be initiating device circuit or signaling line circuit of a fire alarm connected to a single initiating device circuit shall not exceed five. control unit shall be listed for use with the control unit. (72:1-5.3.2) (72:3-8.6.3) 8-2.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. 8-2.5.4 The number of supervisory devices permitted to be 8-2.2.1 Certificate of Completion. A certificate (see Figure 1-7.2.1 connected to a single initiating device circuit shall not exceed 20. of NFPA 72) shall be prepared for each system. Parts 1, 2, and 4 (72:3-8.7.1.2) through 10 shall be completed after the system is installed and the 8-2.5.5 Provisions shall be made to indicate the flow of water in a installation wiring has been checked, Part 3 shall be completed after sprinkler system by an alarm signal within 90 sec after flow of water the operational acceptance tests havebeen completed. A prelimi- at the alarm-initiating device equal to or greater than that from a nary copy of the certificate shall be given to the system owner and, single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system. when requested, to other authorities havingjurisdiction after Movement of water due to waste, surges, or variable pressure shall completion of the installation wiring tests, and a final copy after not be indicated. (72:5-7.2) completion of the operational acceptance tests. (72:1-7.2.1) 8-2.6 Monitoring for Integrity. 8-2.2.2 Testing. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the 8-2.6.1 All means of interconnecting equipment, devices, and schedules in Table 8-2.2.2 or more frequently where required by the appliances and wiring connections shall be monitored for the authority having jurisdiction. Where automatic testingisperformed integrity of the interconnecting conductors or equivalent path so at least weekly by a remotely monitored fire alarm control unit that the occurrence of a single open or a single ground fault specifically listed for the application, the manual testing frequency condition in the installation conductors or other signaling channels shall be permitted to be extended to annually. (See Table 8-2.2.2 ) and their restoration to normal shall be automatically indicated Exception: Devices in areas that are inaccessible for safety within 200 seconds. consiaerations, such as continuous process operations, shall be NOTE: The provisions of a double loop or other multiple path tested during scheduled shutdowns at intervals approved by the conductor or circuit to avoid electrical monitoring is not acceptable. authority having jurisdiction. (72:7-3.2) Exception No. 1: Styles of initiating device circuits, signaling line 8-2.3 Fire Alarm Boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be used only circuits, and notification appliance circuits tabulated in Tables 3-5.1, for fire alarm-initiating purposes. However, combination manual 3-6.1, and 3-7.1 of NFPA 7~that do not have an "X" under "Trouble" fire alarm boxes and guard's signaling stations shall be permitted. for the abnormal condition indicated. (72:5-9.1) Exception No. 2: Shorts between conductors except as required by 8-2.3.1 Each manual box shall be securely mounted. The operable 1-5.8.3, 1-5.8.4, 1-5.8.5.2, Tables 3-5.1, 3-6.1, and 3-7.] of NFPA 72, part of each manual fire alarm box shall be not less than 3 1/2 ft are not covered by NFPA 72. (1.1 m) and not more than 4 1/2 ft(1.37 m) above floor level. (72:5- 9.1.1) Exception No. 3: A noninterfering shunt circuit, provided that a fault circuit condition on the shunt circuit wiring results only in the loss of the noninterfering feature of operation.
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Table 8-2.2.2 Testing Frequeades
Table 7-2.2 dNFPA 72 Inlt./Reaecpt, Monthly Q.arterly S,.ml-,,-- Aaa. Reference
I. Alarm N~n Appliances 14 a. Audible Devices X X b. Speaker. X X c. Visible Devices X X
2. Bsttedm -- C~.~Ol Stmiea Fadllfi~ a. Lead-Acid Type 6b 1. Charger Tat X X (Replace battery m needed.) 2. Discharge Test (SO rain.) X X 8. Load Voltage Test X X 4. Specific Gravity X X b. Nickel-Cadmium Type 6c 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge TeK (30 rain.) X X S. Load Voltage Test X X c. Sealed Lead-Acid Type X X 6<1 1. Charger Tc~t X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 min.) X X $. Load Voltage Test X X
S. B~es -- Fire Mann Systems a. Le~-Ackl Type 6b 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 9. Discharge Test (30 rain.) x X 3. Load Voltage Test x X 4. Specific Gravity x X b. Nickel-Cadmium Type 6c 1. Charger Test x X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 rain.) x X $. Laad Voltage Test x X c. pr~,-=vy Type (Dry cen) 6a 1. Load Voltage Test X X d. Sealed Lead-Acid Type ed I. Charger Test x X (Replace battery every 4 year..) 2. Discharge Test (30 rain.) x X $. Load Voltage Test x X 4. B-~t--'iej -- Public F'ue Alarm Reporting Systems X (DAILY) Voltage tests in accordance with NFPA '/2, Table 7-2.Pq Public Reporting System Tests, paragraphs (a) - (f).
a. Lead-Acid Type 6b 1. Charger Test X X 0replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (2 hours) X X S. Load Voltage Test X X 4. Specific Gravity X X b. Nickel-Cadmlum Type 6c 1. Charger Test X X (Replace bauery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (2 hours) X X $. Load Voltage Test X X c. Sealed Lead-Acid Type 6d 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (2 hours) X X $. Load Voltage Test X X 5t Comluctom/MetslUe X 11 6. Coadwtors/N~ X 12
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Table 8-2.2.2 Testing Frequencies (coat.)
I Table 7-2.2 d NFPA 72 Monthly Quarterly Semiu~ ~ Refa~ace
7. Control Equipment: Fine Alarm Systems Mouitm~ for Alarm, Sapervlsory, Trouble 1, 7 and 16 a. Functions X X b. Fus~ X X c. Interfaced Equipment X X d. I~mp8 and T gns X X e. Primary (Main) Power Supply X X L Transponders X X 8. Control Equipmem: Fire Alarm Systems Unmouitored for .Adann, Superrimry, Trouble Sig,,-1- X a. Functions X X b. Fuses X c. Interfaced Equipment X X d. Lamps and I.F.DS X X e. Primary (Main) Power Supply X X L Transponders X X 9. Control Unit Trouble Signals X X 9 10. Emergency Volce/Alarm Communications Equipment X X 17 11. Engine-Drivea Generator X (WEEKLY) 12. Fiber Optic Cable Power X X 19 18. Guard's Tour Equipment X X 14. Initiating Devices 13 a. Duct Detectors X X b. Electromech~cal Releasing Device X X c. Extinguishing System Switches X X d. Fire-Gas and Other Detectors X X e. Heat Detectors X X L Fire Alarm Boxes X X g. Radiant Energy Fare Detectors X X h. Smoke Detectors - Functional X X i. Smoke Detectors - Sensitivity (See 7-3.2.1 ofNFPA 72.) j. Supervisory Signal Devices X X k. Waterflow Dcvices X X IS. Inte~ce Equipment X X 18 16. OH-I~.mises Transmission Equipment X X 17. Remote Annunciators X X 10 18, Retransmission Equipment X (See 7-3.4 of NFPA 720 19. Special Hazard Equipment "X X 15 Z0. Special Procedures X X 20 21. System and Receiving Equipmeat-- Off-Premisu 16 a. Operational 1. Functional -- All X X 2. Transmitters --WF & Supervisory X X 3. Transmitters -- All Others X X 4. Receivers X X b. Standby Loading -- All Receivers X X c. Standby Power 1. Receivers -- All X X 2. Transmitters ~ All X X d. Telephone Line -- All Receivers X X e. Telephone Line m All Transmitters X X NOTE: 'For testingaddremable and analog described devices,which are normally affixed w eithera single molded assembly or twistlock type affixed m a base, TESTING SHALL BE DONE UTILIZING THE SIGNALING STYLE CIRCUITS (Styles0.5 through 7).
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Exception No. 4: Connections to and between supplementary 8-2.4,1 The installation shall be certificated. (72:1-7.2.3) system components, provided that single open, ground, or short 8-2.4.1.1 Central station fire alarm systems providing service that •circuit conditions. of the supplementary equi p ment and/or complies with all requirements of this code shall be certificated by mterconnecung means does not affect the required operation of the the organization that has listed the prime contractor, and a fire alarm system. document attesting to this ceIfification shall be located on or near Exception No. 5: The circuit of an alarm notification appliance the fire alarm system control unit or, if no control unit exists, on or installed in the same room with the central control equipment, hear a fire alarm system component. (72:1-7.2.3.1.1) provided that the notification appliance circuit conductors are 8-2.4.1.2 A central repository of issued certification documents, installed in conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical accessible to the authority having jurisdiction, shall be maintained by injury. the organization that has listed the central station. (72:1-7.2.3.1.2) Exception No. 6: A trouble signal circuit. 8-2.4.2 The installation shall be placarded, (72:1-7.2.3.2) Exception No. 7: Interconnection between equipment within a 8-2.4.2.1 Central station fire alarm systems providing service that common enclosure. complies with all requirements of this code shall be conspicuously NOTE: NFPA 72 does not have jurisdiction over monitoring marked by the prime contractor to indicate compliance. The integrity of conductors within equipment, devices, or appliances. marking shall be by one or more securely affixed placards. (72:1- Exception No. 8: Interconnection between enclosures containing 7.2.3.2.1) control equipment located within 20 ft (6 m) when the conductors 8-2.4.2.2 The placard(s) shall be 20 sq in. (130 cm 2) or larger, are installed in conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical shall be located on or near the fire alarm system control unit or, if injury. no control unit exists, on or near a fire alarm system component, Exception No. 9: Conductors for ground detection, where a single and shall identify the central station and, if applicable, the prime ground does not prevent the required normal operation of the contractor by name and telephone number. (72:1-7.2.3.2.2)" system. SUBSTANTIATION: The presence or absence of a certificate or Exception No. 10: Central station circuits serving notification placard determines the classification of the fire alarm system appliances within a central station. encountered by the inspector. This requirement enhances the Exception No. 11: Pneumatic rate-of-rise systems of the continuous usefulness of this document. line type in which the wiring terminals of such devices are connected COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. in multiple across electrically supervised circuits. (72:1-5.8.1) 8-2.6.2 Interconnection means shall be arranged so that a single break or single ground fault will not cause an alarm signal. (72:1- (Log #9) 5.8.2) 1- 27 - (8-3): Accept in Principle 8-2.6.3 An open, ground, or short circuit fault on the installation SUBMITTER: Joseph A. Drouin, Gardner, MA conductors of one alarm notification appliance circuit shall not RECOMMENDATION: Revise "Section 8-3" to the "NFPA 72, affect the operation of any other alarm notification circuit. (72:1- National Fire Alarm Code" as follows: 5.8.3) 8-3.1 Special Definitions. 8-2.6.4 The occurrence of a wire-to-wire short circuit fault on any Air Sampling-Type Detector. A detector that consists of a piping or alarm notification appliance circuit shall result in a trouble signal at tubing distribution network from the detector to the area(s) to be the protected prermses. protected. An aspiration fan in the detector housing draws air from Exception No. 1: A circuit employed to produce a supplementary the protected area back to the detector through air sampling ports, local alarm signal, provided that the occurrence of a short circuit on piping, or tubing. At the detector the air is analyzed for fire the circuit in no way affects the required operation of the fire alarm products. system. Line-Type Detector. A device in which detection is continuous Exception No. 2: The circuit of an alarm notification appliance along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-risepneumatic tubing installed in the same room with the central control equipment, detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, andheat-sensitive cable. provided that the notification appliance circuit conductors are Spot-Type Detector. A device whose detecting element is concen- installed in conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical trated at a particular location. Typical examples are bimetallic injury. detectors, fusible alloy detectors, certain pneumatic rate-of-rise Exception No. 3: Central station circuits serving notification detectors, certain smoke detectors, and thermoelectric detectors. appliances within a central station. (72:1-5.8.4) (72:14). 8-2.7 Power Source. Fire alarm systems shall be provided with at 8-3.2 General Requirements. least two independent and reliable power supplies, one primary and 8-3.2.1 Before requesting final approval of the installation where one secondary (standby), each of which shallbe of adequate capacity required by the authority having jurisdiction the installing contrac- for the application. tor shall furnish a written statement to the effect that the ]ystem has Exception No. 1: Where the primary power is supplied by a been installed in accordance with approved plans and tested in dedicated branch circuit of an emergency system in accordance with accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and the appropri- NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 700, or a legally required ate NFPA requirements. (72:1-7.1.2) standby system in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical 8-3.3 Installation. Code, Article 701, a secondary supply is not required. 8-3.3.1 Where subject to mechanical damage, detectors shall be Exception No. 2: Where the primary power is supplied by a protected. (72:5-1.3.1) dedicated branch circuit of an optional standby system in accor- 8-3.3.2 In all cases, detectors shall be supported independendy of dance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 702, which their attachment to the circuit conductors. (72:5-1.3.2) also meets the performance requirements of Article 700 or Article 8-3.3.3 Detectors shall not be recessed in any way into the mounting 701, a secondary supply is not required. surface, unless they have been tested and listed for such recessed Note to Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2: A trouble signal is not mounting. (72:5-1.3.3) required where operating power is being suppliedby either of the 8-3.3.4 Spot-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling not two sources of power indlcated in Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 above, less than 4 in. (100 mm) from the side wall or on the side walls if they are capable of providing the hours of operation required by 1- between 4 in. (100 mm) and 12 in. (300 mm) from the ceiling. (See 5.2.5 of NFPA 72 and loss of primary power is otherwise indicated Figure A-5-2.5.1) (e.g., by loss of building lighting). Exception No. 1: In the case of solid open joist construction, Where dc voltages are employed they shall be limited to no more detectors shall be mounted at the bottom of the joists. than 350 volts above earth ground. (72:1-5.2.3). Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The Committee accepts the proposed are less than 12 in. (300 mm) in depth and less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on changes and has added some cross references back to NFPA 72 center, detectors may be installed on the bottom of beams. (72:5- which is where this text is extracted from. 2.5.1) 8-3.3.5 Line-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling or on the side walls not more than 20 in. (500 mm) from the ceiling. (Log #CP3) Exception No. 1: In the case of solid open joist construction, 1- 26 - (8-2.4): Accept detectors shall be mounted at the bottom of the joists. SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams RECOMMENDATION: Extract the text of 1-7.2.3 and its subpara- are less than 12 in. (300 mm) in depth and less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on graphs from NFPA 72 and add it as 8-2.4. Renumber from 8-2.4 center, detectors may be installed on the bottom of beams. (72:5- forward. The extracted text will read as follows. 2.5.2) "8-2.4 Central Station Fire Alarm Systems. It shall he conspicuously 8-3.3.6 Spot-type smoke detectors shall be located on the ceiling not indicated by the prime contractor (see Chapter 4) that the fire alarm less than 4 in. (100 mm) from a sidewall to the nearest edge or, if on system providing service at a protected premises complies with all a sidewall, between 4 in. (100 ram) and 12 in. (300 ram) down from applicable requirements of this code by providing a means of the ceiling to the top of the detector. (See Figure A-5-2.1) verification as spec'rfied in either 8-2.4.1.1 or 8-2.4.1.2 (72:1-7.2.3)
339 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Exception No. 1 : See 5-3.5.1.2. (d) A smoke detector/control unit arrangement whereby the Exception No. 2: See 5-3.5.0. detector causes a signal at the control unit where its sensitivity is Exception No. 3: See 5-3.5.7 (72:5-3.5.2). outside its acceptable sensitivity range, or 8-3.3.7 To minimize dust contamination of smoke detectors where (e) Other calibrated sensitivity test method acceptable to the installed under raised room floors and similar spaces, they shall only authority havingjurisdiction. be mounted in an orientation for which they have been listed. (See Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside the listed and marked Figure A-5-3.5.2.1) (72:5-3.5.2.1) sensitivity range shall be cleaned and recalibrated or replaced. 8-3.3.8 Projected Beam-type smoke detectors (see 5-3.3.3.1) shall Exception: Detectors listed as field adjustable may be either normally be located with their projected beams parallel to the adjusted within the listed and marked sensitivity range, cleaned, and ceiling and in accordance with the manufacturer's documented recalibrated, or replaced. instructions. The detector sensitivity shall not be tested or measured using any Exception No. 1: See 5-3.5.1.2. device that administers an unmeasured concentration of smoke or Exception No. 2: Beams may be installed vertically or at any angle other aerosol into the detector. (72:7-3.2.1). needed to afford protection of the hazard'involved, (Example: - SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 72-1990 Protective Signaling Systems Vertical beams through the open shaft area of a stairwell where Standard was completely revised and retitled to the NFPA-1993 there is a clear vertical space inside the handrails.) (72:5-3.5.3) National Fire Alarm Code. 8-3.3.9 Each sampling port of a sampling-type smoke detector shall Paragraphs were renumbered, relocated and in many cases be treated as a spot-type detector for the purpose of location and modified. spacing. Maximum air samlSle transport time from the farthest COMMITFEEACTION: Accept in Principle. sampling point shall not exceed 120 sec. (72:5-3.5.4) Revise Section 8-3 to read as follows: 8-3.3.10 Detectors shall not be installed until after the construction 8-3 Automatic Fire Detectors. clean-up of all trades is complete and final. 8-3.1 Special Definitions. Exception: Where required by the authority having jurisdiction for Air Sampling-Type Detector. A detector that consists of a piping or protection during construction. tubing distribution network from the detector to the area(s) to be Detectors that have been installed prior to final clean-up by all protected. An aspiration fan in the detector housing draws air from trades shall be cleaned or replaced per Chapter 7. (72:5-3.7.1.3) the protected area back to the detector through air sampling ports, 8-3.3.11 High Air Movement Areas. piping, or tubing. At the detector, the air is analyzed for fire 8-3.3.11.1 Smoke detectors shall not be located directly in the air products. stream of supply registers. (72:5-3.7.6.2) Line-Type Detector. A device in which detection is continuous 8-3.3.11.2 Smoke detector spacing depends upon the movement of along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-rise pneumatic tubing air within the room (including both supplied and recirculated air), detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, and heat-sensitive cable. which can be designated as minutes per air change or air changes Spot-Type Detector. A device whose detecting element is concen- per hour. Spacing shall be in accordance with Table 5-3.7.6.3 and trated at a particular location. Typical examples are bimetallic Figure 5-3.7.6.3. detectors, fusible alloy detectors, certain pneumatic rate-of-rise Exception: Air sampling or projected beam smoke detectors detectors, certain smoke detectors, and thermoelectric detectors. installed in accordance with the manufacturer's documented (72:1-4). instructions. (72:5-3.7.6.3) 8-3.2 General Requirements. 8-3.4 Maintenance and Testing. 8-3.2.1 Before requesting final approval of the installation where 8-3.4.1 The maintenance and testing schedules and procedures for required by the authority having jurisdiction the installing contrac- fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with tor shall furnish a written statement to the effect that the system has Chapter 7 of NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code. been installed in accordance with approved plans and tested in 8-3.4.2 Heat Detectors. accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and the appropri- 8-3.4.2.1 Fixed-Temperature and/or Rate-of-Rise or Rate-of- ate NFPA requirements. (72:1-7.1.2) Compensation, Restorable Line or Spot Type detectors (except 8-3.3 Installation. pneumatic tube) shall be tested with a heat source per 8-3.3.1 Where subject to mechanical damage, detectors shall be manufacturer's recommendations for response within 1 rain. protected. (72:5-1.3.1) Precaution should be taken to avoid damage to the nonrestorable 8-3.3.2 In all cases, detectors shall be supported independently of fixed-temperature element of a combination rate-of-rise/fixed- their attachment to the circuit conductors. (72:5-1.3.2) temperature element. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.1.) 8-3.3.3 Detectors shall not be recessed in any way into the 8-3.4.2.2 Fixed-Temperature, Non-restorable Line Type shall not be mounting surface, unless they have been tested and listed for such heat tested. Test mechanically and electrically for function. recessed mounting. (72:5-1.3.3) Measure and record loop resistance. Investigate changes from 8-3.3.4 Spot-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling not acceptance test. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.2.) less than 4 in. (100 mm) from the side wall or on the side walls 8-3.4.2.3 Nonrestorable (General), do not heat test. Test mechani- between 4 in. (100 ram) and 12 in. (300 ram) from the ceiling. (See cally and electrically for function. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.4.) FiEgxUreA-5-2.5.1 of NFPA 72.) 8-3.4.2.4 Restorable Line Type, Pneumatic Tube only, test with heat ception No. 1: In the case of solid open joist construction, source (where test chambers are in circuit) or pressure pump. detectors shall be mounted at the bottom of the joists. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.5.) Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams 8-3.4.3 Smoke Detectors. are less than 12 in. (300 mm) in depth and less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on 8-3.4.3.1 The detector shall be tested in place to ensure smoke entry center, detectors may be installed on the bottom of beams. (72:5- into the sensing chamber and an alarm response. Testing with 2.5.1) smoke or listed aerosol acceptable to the manufacturer, or other 8-3.3.5 Line-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling or means acceptable to the detector manufacturer shall be permitted as on the side walls not more than 20 in. (500 mm) from the ceiling. one acceptable test method. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13, g, 1.) Exception No. 1: In the case of solid open joist construction, 8-3.4.3.2 For projected beam-type smoke detectors, the detector detectors shall be mounted at the bottom of the joists. shall be tested by introducing smoke, other aerosol, or an optical Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams filter into the beam path. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13, g, 4.) are less than 12 in. (300 ram) in depth and less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on 8-3.4.3.3 A functional test shall be performed on all smoke detectors center, detectors may be installed on the bottom of beams. (72:5- upon initial installation, during reacceptance test and at least 2.5.2) annually. (72:Table 7-3.2, 14, h) 8-3.3.6 Spot-type smoke detectors shall be located on the ceiling 8-3.4.3.4 Detector sensitivity shall be checked within year after not less than 4 in. (100 ram) from a sidewall to the near edge or, if installation and every alternative year thereafter. After the second on a sidewall, between 4 in. (100 mm) and 12 in. (300 mm) down required calibration test, if sensitivity tests indicate that the detector from the ceiling to the top of the detector. (See Figure A-5-2.5.1 of has remained within its listed and marked sensitivity range, the NFPA 72) length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to be Exception No. 1: See 5-3.5.1.2 of NFPA 72. extended not to exceed 5 years. If the frequency is extended, Exception No. 2: See 5-3.5.6 ofNFPA 72. _ records of detector-caused unwanted alarms and subsequent trends Exception No. 3: See 5-3.5.7 of NFPA 72. (72:5-3.5.2). of these alarms shall be maintained. In zone or in areas where 8-3.3.7 To minimize dust contamination of smoke detectors where unwanted alarms show anyincrease over the previous year, installed under raised room floors and similar spaces, they shall only calibration tests shall be performed. be mounted in an orientation for which they have been listed; (See To ensure that each smoke detector is within its listed and marked Figure A-5-3.5.2.1 of NFPA 72) (72:5-3.5.2.1) sensitivity range, it shall be tested using either:. 8-3.3.8 Projected beam-type smoke detectors (see 5-3.3.3.1) shall (a) A calibrated test method, or - normally be located with their projected beams parallel to the (b) The manufacturer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, or ceiling and in accordance with the manufacturer's documented (c) Listed control equipment arranged for the purpose, or instructions.
340 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
Exception No. 1: See 5-3.5.1.2. of NFPA 72 The detector sensitivity shall not be tested or measured using any Exception No. 2: Beams may be installed vertically or at any angle device that administers an unmeasured concentration of smoke or needed to afford protection of the hazard involved. (Example: other aerosol into the detector. (72:7-3.2.1). Vertical beams through the open shaft area of a stairwell where COMM1TrEE STATEMENT: The Committee accepts the proposed there is a clear vertical space inside the handrails.) (72:5-3.5.3) changes and has added some cross references back to NFPA 72 8-3.3.9 Each sampling port of a sampling-type smoke detector shall which is where this text is extracted from. be treated as a spot-type detector for the purpose of location and spacing. Maximum air sample transport time from the farthest sampling point shall not exceed 120 seconds. (72:5-3.5.4) (Log #57) 8-3.3.10 Detectors shall not be installed until after the construction 1- 28- (28): Accept in Principle clean-up ofail trades is complete and final. SUBMITTEIR: David G. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. Exception: Where required by the authority having jurisdiction for RECOMMENDATION: Revise NFPA 30 references as follows protection during construction. which are in error on pages 75 through 82 of NFPA 1. Detectors that have been installed prior to final clean-up by all 28-3.4.1.4(b) trades shall be cleaned or replaced per Chapter 7 of NFPA 72. (72:5- (b) Mechanical ventilation systems shall provide at least 1 cuft per 3.7.1.3) min of exhaust per sq ft of floor area (1 m3per rain per 3 m2), but 8-3.3.11 High Air Movement Areas. not less than 150 cfm (4 m3 per min). The mechanical ventilation 8-3.3.11.1 Smoke detectors shall not be located directly in the air system for dispensing areas shall be equipped with an airflow switch stream of supply registers. (72:5-3.7.6.2) or other equally reliable method that is interlocked to sound an 8-3.3.11.2 Smoke detector spacing depends upon the movement of audible alarm upon failure of the ventilation system. ~4- air within the room (including both supplied and recirculated air), 4.2.11 which can be desigrmted as minutes per air change or air changes 28-3.4.1.5 In every inside room, an aisle at least 3 ft (0.90 m) wide per hour. Spacing ~hall be in accordance with Table 5-3.7.6.3 of shall be maintained so that no container is more than 12 ft (3.6 m) NFPA 72 and Figure 5-3.7.6.3 of NFPA 72. from the aisle. Containers over 30 gal (113.5 L) capacity storing Exception: Air sampling or projected beam smoke detectors Class I or Class II liquids shall not be stored more than one installed in accordance with the manufacturer's documented container high. (30:~ 4-4.4.2 instructions. (72:5-3.7.6.3) 28-3.4.1.6 Where dispensing is being done in inside rooms, 8-3.4 Maintenance and Testing. operations shall comply with the provisions of Section 28-4. ~30:4- 8-3.4.1 The maintenance and testing schedules and procedures for ~r- 4-4.5 fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with 28-3.5.1.1 Liquids used for building maintenance painting or other Chapter 7 of NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code. similar infrequent maintenance purposes may be stored temporarily 8-3.4.2 Heat Detectors. in closed containers outside of storage cabinets or separate inside 8-3.4.2.1 Fixed-Temperature and/or Rate-of-Rise or Rate-of- storage areas if limited in amount, not to exceed a 10-day supply at Compensation, Restorable Line or Spot Type heat detectors (except antidpated rates of consumption. (30:4-6¢x-.~ 4-5.1.4 pneumatic tube) shall be tested with a heat source per 28-3.5.5.3 Containers shall not be stacked more than 3 ft (0.90 m) manufacturer's recommendations for response within 1 rain. or 2 containers high, whichever is the greater, unless on fixed Precaution should be taken to avoid damage to the nonrestorable shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured ~.5.6.4 fixed-temperature element of a combination rate-of-rise/fixed- 28-3.5.5.4 Shelving shall be of stable construction of sufficient temperature element. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.1.) depth and arrangement such that containers displayed thereon shall 8-3.4.2.2 Fixed-Temperature, Non-restorable Line Type heat not easily be displaced. (30:~ 4-5.6.5 detectors shall not be heat tested. Test mechanically and electrically 28-3.5.5.5 Leaking containers shall be removed immediately to an for function. Measure and record loop resistance. Investigate adequately ventilated area, and the contents transferred to an changes from acceptance test. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.2.) undamaged container. (30:#Svraff~ 4-5.6.6 8-3.4.2.3 Nonrestorable (General) heat detectors, do not heat test. 28-3.6.1 Liquid warehouses shall be separate, detached buildings Test mechanically and electrically for function. (72:Table %2.2, 13 or shall be separated from other type occupancies by standard 4-hr d.4.) fire walls, with communicating openings protected on each side of 8-3.4.2.4 Restorable Line Type, Pneumatic Tube only heat the wall with automatic dosing, hsted 3-hr fire doors. Fire doors detectors, test with heat source (where test chambers are in circuit) shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire or pressure pump. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.5.) Doors and Fire Windows. (30~4.xa:q~) 8-3.4.3 Smoke Detectors. 28-3.6.2 Exception: An unprotected liquid warehouse located a 8-3.4.3.1 The detector shall be tested in place to ensure smoke minimum of 100 ft (30 m) from exposed buildings or adjoining envy into the sensing chamber and an alarm response. Testing with property that can be built upon is not required to conform to Table smoke or listed aerosol acceptable to the manufacturer, or other 28-3.4.2, if there is protection for exposures. Where protection for means acceptable to the detector manufacturer shall be permitted as exposures is not provided, a minimum 200 ft (61) m) is required. an acceptable test method. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 g.1.) ( 30:+~)- 4-4.4.4 8-3.4.3.2 For projected beam-type smoke detectors, the detector 28-3.6.3 Empty or idle combustible pallet storage shall be limited shall be tested by introducing smoke, other aerosol, or an optical to a maximum pile size of 2500 sq ft (232 m2) and to a maximum filter into the beam path. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 g.4.) storage height of 6 ft (1.8 m). Idle pallet storage shall be separated 8-3.4.3.3 A functional test shall be performed on all smoke from liquids by at least 8-ft (2.4-m) wide aisles. However, pallet detectors upon initial installation, during reacceptance tests and at storage in accordance with NFPA 231, Standard for General Storage, least annually. (72:Table 7-3.2, 14, h) shall be acceptable. (30:~ 4-4.3.7, 8-3.4.3.4 Detector sensitivity shall be checked within 1 year after 28-3.6.4 Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged so that installation and every alternate year thereafter. After the second piles are separated from each other by at least 4 ft (1.2 m). Aisles required calibration test, if sensitivity tests indicate that the detector shall be provided so that no container or tank is no more than 12 ft has remained within its listed and marked sensitivity range, the (3.6 m) from an aisle. Where storage on racks exists as permitted by length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to be this section and NFPA 30, a minimum 4-ft (1.2-m) wide aisle shall be extended not to exceed 5 years. If the frequency is extended, rovided between adjacent rows of racks and any adjacent storage of records of detector-caused unwanted alarms and subsequent trends Fiquids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 ft (2.4 m) wide, and of these alarms shall be maintained. In zone or in areas where access shall be maintained to all doors required for egress. unwanted alarms show any increase over the previous year, (30:4.7.12) 4-4.3.4 calibration tests shall be performed. 28-3.7.2 Other systems such as automatic foam-water systems, To ensure that each smoke detector is within its listed and marked automatic water-spray systems, or other combinations of systems may sensitivity range, it shall be tested using either: be considered acceptable if approved by the authority having (a) A calibrated test method, or jurisdiction. (For additional information, see Appendix D of NFPA (b) The manufacturer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, or 30.) (30:~ 4-8.2.1 (c) Listed control equipment arranged for the purpose, or 28-3.7.4 Alternate lines of in-rack sprinklers shall be staggered. (d) Asmoke detector/control unit arrangement whereby the Multiple levels of in-rack sprinkler heads shall be provided with detector causes a signal at the control unit where its sensitivity is water shields unless otherwise separated by horizontal barriers, or outside its acceptable sensitivity range, or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations. (30:4..6:~ (e) Other calibrated seusitivity test method acceptable to the 4-8.2.2 authority having jurisdiction. 28-3.8.1.1 Suitable fire extinguishers orpreconnected hose lines, Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside the listed and marked either I 1/2-in. (3.8-cm) lined or 1-in. (2.5-cm) hard rubber, shall be sensitivity range shall be cleaned and recalibrated or replaced. provided where liquids are stored. Where 1 1/2-in. (3.8-cm) fire Exception: Detectors listed as field adjustable may be either adjusted hose is used, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 14. within the listed and marked sensitivity range, cleaned, and (3C:4.7.1) 4-8.4 recalibrated, or replaced. 341 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
28-3.8.1.2 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of rovide at least the minimum separation distance between individual not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 ckers, distance from locker to property line that is or can be built ft (3 m) from, the door opening into any separate inside storage upon, and distance from locker to nearest side of public ways or to area. (30: ~-7.1.1) 4-8.4.1 important buildings on the same property, as given in Table 28- 28-3.8.1.3 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of 3.9.2.3 and explanatory notes I, 2, 3, and 4 as applicable. (30:4t-gr~ not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 ft (3 m), nor 4-6.4 more than 50 ft (15 m), from any Class I or Class II liquid storage 28-3.9.2.4 Once the designated site is approved, it shall not be • area located outside of a separate inside storage area. (3~4- changed without the approval of the authority havingjurisdiction. 8.4.2 ( 30,~eS-a-)-4-0.4.1 28-3.8.1:4 In protected general purpose and liquid warehouses, 28-3.9.2.5 More than one locker shall be as permitted on a hand bose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all designated site, provided that separation distance between individual liquid storage areas. (30:.i-'Tvi-~.~~-~,5 lockers is maintained in accordance with Table 28-3.9.2.3. (30:~ 28-3.8.1.5 The water supply shall be sufficient to meet the fixed fire 9.3.2) 4-6.4.~ protection demand, plus a total of at least 500 gal (1892 L) per 28-3.9.2.6 The approved designated storage site shall be protected minute for inside and outside hose lines. (30:~t.'Tvl-v4a/-4-8.6 from tamperinng or trespassing when the area is accessible to the 28-3.8.1.6 Dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in general- general public. (30.'~ 4-6.4.3 purpose or liquid warehouses shall not be permitted unless the 28-3.9.2.7 Containers of liquid in their original shipping packages dispensing area is suitably cut off from other ordinary combustible shall be permitted to be stored either palletized or solid piled. or liquid storage areas, as specified in 28-3.4, and otherwise Unpackaged containers shall be permitted to be stored on shelves or conforms with the applicable provisions of that section. (3~ 4- directly on the floor of the locker. Containers over 30 gal (113.5 L) 4.5.1 capacity storing Class I or Class II liquids shall not be stored more 28-3.8.1.8 Power-operated industrial u'ucks used to move contain- than two conmlns high. In all cases, the storage arrangement shall ers of Class I liquids shall be selected, maintained, and operated in provide unres(~icted access to and egress from the locker. (30~ accordance with NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered 9.3.~.I) 4-6.4.4.1 Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, 28-3.9.2.8 No other flammable or combustible material storage Maintenance, and Operation. (30v4-'Tr~ q'8,9 shall be permitted within the designated site approved for lockers. 28-3.9.1.1 Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable ( 30:4.~?Jr.3v4v2~',4-6.4.4.2 tanks shall be in accordance withTable 28-3.9, as qualified by 28- 28-4.3.1.1 (1) Ovens, furnaces, and heating equipment. (30:b- 3.9.1.2 through 28-3.9.1.5 and 28-3.9.1.6, 28-3.9.1.9, and 28-3.9.1.10. 5.2.1) 5-6.2.1 ( 30:.i-8~ 4-7.1 28-4.3.1.2 all equipment such as tanks, machinery, and piping 28-3.9.1.2 Where two or more classes of materials are stored in a where an ignitable mixture may be present shall be bondedor single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be in the connected to a ground. The bond or ground or both shall be smallest of the two or more separate gallonages. (30:'i-Sri'r~ 4-7.1.1 physically applied or shall be inherently present by the nature of the 28-3.9.1.3 No container or portable tank in a pile shall be more installation. Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or than 200 ft (60 m) from a 12-ft (3.6-m) wide access way to permit equipment shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or approach of fire control apparatus under all weather conditions. individually grounded to prevent hazardous accumulations of static ( 30:,~:-1-r~ 4-7.1.2 electricity. (30:~5.2.Q 5.6.2.4 28-3.9.1.4 The distances listed in Table 28-3.9 apply to properties 28-4.3.3.1 Combustible waste material and residues in operating that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are expo- areas shall be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal contain- sures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the ers, and disposed of daily. (30:~av~.~5-6.3.3 distances in column 4 shall be doubled. (30.~Sd-r~ 4-7.1.3 28-4.3.3.2 Ground areas around facilities where liquids are stored, 28-3.9.1.5 Where total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent handled, or used shall be kept free of weeds, trash, or other of maximum per pile, the distances in colunms 4 and 5 of Table 28- unnecessary combustible materials. (30ffa'rar$v¢~-6.3.4 3.9 maybe reduced 50 percent, butto not less than 3ft (0.90 m). 28-4.3.4 (f) alternate measures for the safety of occupants while (30:4,~4q 4-7.1.4 any fire protection equipment is shut down. (30:!i-~l-)- 5-flA.1 28-3.9.1.6 Exception: The above provisions are not necessary if 28-4.4 Detection and Alarm. An approved means for prompt the building in question is limited to one story, is of fire resistive or notification of fire or emergency to those within the plant and to the noncombustible construction, is devoted principally to the storage of available public or mutual aid fire department shall be provided. liquids, and is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. (30:# (30:~5.~.1 5-6.5.1. 8.~) 4-7.2 SUBSTANTIATION: To correlate with NFPA 30, 1993 Edition 28-3.9.1.7 The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept in Principle. protected in accordance with28-3.9.1.6(b) may exceed that See revised text of Chapter 28 of the complete document which permitted t'n 28-3.9.1.6, provided the maximum quantity per pile follows these proposals. does not exceed 1,100 gal (4163 L) and each pile is separatedby a COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Due to the extensiveness of the 10-ft (3-m) minimum clear space along the common wall. (~-b, changes to NFPA 30 from which much of the text in Chapter 28 is $.2.]) 4-7.2.1 extracted, the committee has updated the extracted text and 28-3.9.1.8 Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1,100 gal (4163 reorganized the numbering to track with the text as presented in L) permitted adjacent to the building given in 28-3.9.1.6(a), or the NFPA 30. The Committee feels it has met the intent of the provisions of 28-3.9.1.6(b) cannot be met, a minimum distance in submitter. accordance with column 4 of Table 28-3.9 shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest container or portable tank. (3~ 4-7.2.2 (Log #4) 28-3.9.1.9 The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert l- 29 - (28-1.1.5.5): Reject possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be Note: This proposal appeared as comment 1-95 which was held for surrounded by a curb at least 6 in. (15 cm) high. Where curbs are further study from the Annual 92 TCD, which was on proposal 1-5. used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of SUBMITTER: Joseph R. Natale, Mobil Research & Dev Corp. ground or rain water or spills of liquids. Drains shall terminate at a RECOMMENDATION: Add new text safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire "It may be worth bringing in parts of NFPA 30A on proposals rather conditions. (30:~7.3 than simplyreferencing NFPA 30." 28-3.9.1.10 The storage area shall be protected against tampering SUBSTANTIATION: To utilize NFPA 1 as a digest of most or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, frequently referenced codes, part of NFPA 30B on Aerosols may be debris, and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. worth bringing into NFPA 1. I would assume most authority having (~ 4-7.4 jurisdiction's persons who frequently do inspections, etc., will take 28-3.9.2.1 Lockers governed by this standard shall not exceed 1500 NFPA 1 as a reference. Somebasic guidelines on storage, handling sq ft gross floor area. Vertical stacking of lockers shall not be and fire protection for Aerosols would be worth repeating in NFPA 1. permitted. ( 30:4-Sv2-A-)-,4-6.3.1 COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. 28-3.9.2.2 Spill or Leakage Control. Lockers shall include a spill COMMI3TF~ STATEMENT: The proposer has not submitted any containment system to prevent the flow of liquids from the structure specific text for extraction. See Committee Action and Statement on under emergency conditions. The containment system shall have Proposal 1 - 63 (Log #20) which the Committee feels meets the sufficient capacity to contain 10 percent of the volume of containers intent of the submitter. allowed or the volume of the largest container whichever is greater. ( so:Jt.~L~,-~ 4-6.3.5 28-3.9.2.3 Designated sites shall be provided for the location and use of lockers and shall be subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. The designated sites shall be arranged to
342 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
(Log #24) (Log #31) 1- 30 - (28-3): Reject 1- 37 - (28-3.2.4): Reject SUBMITrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. RECOMMENDATION: Revise tide of section: RECOMMENDATION: Revise texu "CONTAINER AND i ...... INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINER STORAGE". SUBSTANTIATION: Conventional "portable tanks" are a type of ,,ccct, z~d tn,~c;~c~ ,%; ;~l ~c~, Consumer goods shall be exempt Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC). IBC's are rigid, semi-rigid or from the requirements of 4-2.1 and 4-2.3 of N~FPA 30 (30:4-2.3.1) 'r. flexible portable packagings with capacities of not greater than 3000 SUBSTANTIATION: Since "common consumer products" exempts L, that are designed for mechanical handling, and meeting certain nearly everything, why not say so in a simpler fashion? physical handling and transport tests. Their construction may be of COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. steel, aluminum, natural wood, plywood, reconstituted wood, COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Present language is an extract of fiberboard, plastic, textile, paper-multiwali, and other metal. NFPA 30. The Committee on Flammable and Combustible Liquids COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. has jurisdiction over this text. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The proposed change is not consistent with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code. (Log #32) 1- 38 - (28-3.2.5): Accept in Principle (Log #25) SUBMITrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-W'flliams Co. 1- 31 - (28-3.1.1): Reject RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-W'dliams Co. "Class II and Class III liouids may be stored in DOT Type III RECOMMENDATION: Revise text= polyethylene non reusable containers not exceeding 2 gal (9.5 L) "...individual capacity ~d v~A,,LI~ t,~,k~ .intermediate bulk cavadtv when constructed and tested in accordanc~ wffh DOT con~ne~ not exceeding 660 gal (2498 L) individual capacity and sp~dfi~tion 2U, ~ea~_d ff n ecesA~a~_to p.revent per~eation.~..~iLc limited transferred incidental thereto. SUBSTANTIATION: Will allow applicability to other types of IBC's. t~ ~xcc~d 2 ~,d (3.5 L). (3,?,;4-2.~.3) (30:4-2.3.2~" COMMrVrEE ACTION: Reject. SUBSTANTIATION: Improves grmm~ar and consistency with COMlVlITrEE STATEMENT: This proposed change is not NFPA 30. consistent with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Revise the paragraph to read: "U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Type III nonreusable polyethylene containers, constructed (Log #26) and tested in accordance with DOT specification 2U, treated if 1- 32 - (28-3.1.2): Reject necessary to prevent permeation, shall be permitted to be used for SUBMY['IT.J~ David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. storage of Class II and Class III liquids, in any capacity that does not RECOMMENDATION: Revise as follows: exceed 2 1/2 gal (9.5 L). (30:4-2.3.2)" "This section shall not apply to tt~ storage of: (a) Liquids COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the in ~ containers... paragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. Current language Flammable and Combustible Liquids Committee has jurisdiction of n(~MMiliesthat empty containers are an issue. this text as it is extracted text. Note that with the renumbering of TrEE ACTION: Reject. sections of Chapter 28, this is now 28-3.2.3.2. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This is extracted material from NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code. This Committee cannot change material extracted from another documene (Log #33) 1- 39 - (28-3.2.6): Accept in Principle SUBMITrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. (Log #27) RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: 1- 33- (28~3.1.2(d)): Accept "Class IA and Class IB liquids may be stored in glass containers SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Wiliiams Co. av~ ...... d,~ not exceeding one gallon ~ capacity..." RECOMMENDATION: Insert metric measurement: L.. in SUBSTANTIATION: Imprffves grammar. individual containers not exceeding one gallon ~ in size." COMMITI~EACTION: Acceptin Principle. SUBSTANTIATION: Consistency. Revise the paragraph to read: "Class IA and Class IB liquids shall be COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. permitted to be stored in glass containers of not more than 1-gxl (3.8-L) capacity if the required liquid purity (such as ~ analytical (Log #28) reagent grade or higher) would be affected by storage in metal 1- 34- (28-3.1.2(e)): Accept containers or if the liquid can cause excessive corrosion of the metal SUBMITrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. container. (30:4-2.3.3)" RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the "U,,,. °~'"s~ ,,,~L~iquids that have no..." paragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with comment to 28-3.1.2, and Flammable and Combustible Liquids Committee has jurisdiction of improves grammar. this text as it is extracted text. Note that with the renumbering of COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. sections of Chapter 28, this is now 28-$.2.3.3.
(Log #29) 1- 35 - (28-3.1.2(f)): Accept (Log #34) SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. 1- 40- (28-3.4): Acceptin Principle ] RECOMMF_.NDATION: Revise text: SUBMITTER; David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Mrdliams Co. "TI.~ .~.~sc ,XDistilled spririts and..." RECOMMENDATION: Revise tide: SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with comment to 28-3.1.2, and "Design, Construction, and Operation of Separate Inside LiQuid improves grammar. Storage Areas." COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. [ COM]VnTrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. , (Log #30) Revise 28-3.4 to read: "Desi~n, Construction, and Operation of 1- 36 - (28-3.2): Reject Inside Liquid Storage Areas. SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-W'flliams Co. CO~ STATI~fENT: The revised wording makes the tide RECOMMENDATION: Revise title: consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. "Design, Construction, and Capacity of Containers and Intermedi-
SUBSTANTIATION: Table 28-3.2 indudes portable tanks. (Log #35) COMMrlTEE ACTION: Reject. 1- 41 - (28-3.4.1): Accept in Principle COMMrlTEE STATEMENT: This proposed change is not SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30, Flammable and RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: Combustible Liquid Code, 1993 edition. The Committee will be "Inside ;,,~,~ liauid storage areas shall be constructed to meet reviewing the final changes made to NFPA 30 for the 1996 edition the selected fire-resistance r~ting as specified in ~ 4-4.2.1 of and updating the extracted material as necessary. NFPA 30... ~ (30:4-4.2.6)
343 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. Revise paragraph 28-3.4.1 (renumbered as 28-3.4.2.1) to read: "All storage areas shall be constructed to meet the specified fire- resistance ratings in Table 28-3.4.2.1. Such construction shall (Log #41) comply with the test specifications given in NFPA 251, Standard 1- 47 - (28-3.4.2.5): Accept in Principle Methods of Hre Tests of Building Construction and Materials. (30:4- SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar The Sherwin-Williams Co. 4.2.1)" RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: Note: Table 4-4.2.1 from NFPA 30 will become Table 28-3.4.2.1. "Dispensing operations of Class I or Class II Ii,~ai~,L ,~,. ,,6;. 9r Class COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the III liouids at temneratures at or above their flash noints shall not be paragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The perrffitted in cut6ff rooms...floor area or in liQuid'warehouscs ualcss Flammable and Combustible Liquicls Committee has jurisdiction of the disDensin~ area is suitably cut offfrom the storage areas in this text as it is extracted text. accordance w~th Table 4-4.2.i. Fire Resistance Ratings for Inside Storage Areas for Hauids and for Liauid Warehouses of NFPA 30 (Log #36) and n~eets all other requirements of 28-3,4.~, In rooms...except that 1- 42 - (28-3.4.1.1 (b)): Accept in Principle ~;~.i., 3 f~. (0.~ .,i) Gfa di~v,c,,~h,g a,,zAe ai.¢a, the electrical system SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwiu-Williams Co. shall be suitable for Class I, Division 1.in accordance with the RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: provisions of Table 5-3.5.3 Electrical Area Classifications of NFPA 30, "Noncombustible liquidright raised sills, curbs or ramps ~ I,.o~ {zenfilation shall be providedper 28-3.4.1.4, and operations shall iu. (IC ciii) L, of suitable height or otherwise...~a30~.4:-l-:~ (30:,1- comply with the provisions of Section 28-4. ~ (30:4- 4,2.7) ." 4.5.1:30:5-3.5.3:30:4-4.2.11)'. SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. SUBSTANTIATION: Con'elation with NFPA 30. i COMMITrEEACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Prindple. Extract paragraph 4-4.2.7 from NFPA 30 as a replacement for 28- Revise 28-3.4.2.5 (renumbered as 28-3.4.5.1) to read: Dispensing 3.4.1.1 (b). This paragraph to be numbered 28-3.4.2.3. of Class I liquids or Class II or Class III liquids at temperatures at or COMMITTEE ~rATEMENT: In updating the extracted material, above their flash points shall not be permitted in cut-off rooms or paragraph 4-4.2.7 is being used to replace the text that was 28- attached buildings that exceed 1000 sq ft (93 m 2) in floor area or in 3.4.1(b). liquid warehouses unless the dispensing area is suitably cut off from the storage areas in accordance with Table 28-3.4.2.1 and meets all (Log #38) other requirements of 4-4.2 of NFPA 30. (30:4-4.5.1) 1- 43 - (Table 28-3.4.1.2): Accept COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The Committee is extracting the text SUB--R: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. for 4-4.5.1 of NFPA 30 but wishes to refer the user back to 4-4.2 of RECOMMENDATION: Revise second footnote regarding NFPA 30 NFPA 30 for the other requirements that must be met. reference: "...~ 4-4.4.4 of NFPA 30." SUI~;TANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. (Log #42) COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. 1- 48 - (28-3:5.1.2): Accept in Principle $UBMITTE~ David C. Tabar, The Sberwin-Williams Co. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: (Log #37) "Class I liquids shall not be stored in ~ basement cxccV;, o~ p,,..;dcd 1- 44 - (28-3.4.1.3): Accept in Principle k, 2~.~.5.5 areas ~ (30:4-5.2.6)'. SUBMIWrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. SUI~TANTIATION: Consistency. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. "Hectrical wiring and equipment located in inside rooms used for Revise 28-3.5.1.2 to read: 28-3.5.1.2 Class I liquids shall not be Class I liquids shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 stored in basements. classified location~f~; ...... I],t,A,L,, ~hall b~ ;.hia.b'~ Exception: As provided for in 28-3.5.6. (30:4-5.1.5)
.%. ~ ..... oi .... (35. :-:.: .5) ($9:4-4.2.9)" COMI~ITEE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the SUBSTANTIATION: Class I, Division 2 would not be used in aragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The proximity to vapor sources, if dispensing occurred. Why state that ammable and Combustible Liquids Committee hasjtirisdiction of Class II/III liquids allow *general use" ("ordinary" or *unclassified" this text as it is extracted text. The replacement text is 4-5.1.5 of electricals), when NFPA 70 (NEC) deals with classification? NFPA 30 with the exception referencing 45.6 of NFPA 30 which is COMMITrEEACTION: Accept in Prindple. 28-3.5.6 of NFPA 1. Revise 28-3.4.1.3 to read: "Electrical equipment and wiring in inside storage rooms used for the storage of Class I liquids shalIbe suitable for Class I, Division 2 (Log #43) hazardous (classified) locations. Electrical equipment and wiring in 1- 49 - (28-3.5.5): Accept inside storage rooms used for the storage of only Class II and Class SUBMITTEI~ David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. Ill liquids shall be suitable for general use. (See NFPA 70, National J RECOMMENDATION: Revise ride: Electrical Code, for information on the design and installation of "Mercantile Occupandes, ~ ...... , ~-,d ~;/,ci ~cla;.,.d A, c,,., electrical wiringand equipment.) (30:4-4.2.9)" Renumber the Accc.~ibIc ;.6 d,c ."ab:i~. ' paragraph as 28-3.4.2.4. SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the COMMrrrEE ACTION: Accept. aragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The ammable and Combustible Liquids Committee has jurisdiction of this text as it is extracted text. (Log #44) 1- 50 - (28-3.5.5.1): Accept SUBMITrER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-W'flllams Co. (Log #39) j RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: 1- 45 - (28-3.4.1.7): Accept "In ~ display areas.., quantifies needed for display, SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. and normal merchandising purposes, but shall... (30:4- RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: ~ "Class I liquids shall not be permitted in ",-,~iZc ~;.~.;~S~ ;,,,~.,,~ i,i SUBSTANTIATION: Congelation with NFPA 30. basement areas. ~ (30:4-4.3.5)'. COMMrITEE ACTION: Accept. SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. COMMITTEE STATH~IENT: This is now 28-3.5.6.1. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This is now paragraph 28-3.4.3.3. (Log #45) 1- 51 - (28-3.5.5.1): Accept in Principle (Log #40) SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. I- 46 - (Table 28-3.4.2): Accept RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: SUBMITrERa David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. "(a) In protected storage and display areas, the total aggregate I RECOMMENDATION: Revise footnote regarding NFPA 30 quantity of Class I, II, and IliA liquids shall not exceed ~t gal per sq reference: ft. (~1-lfi2L per m_2! of ~o~floor area., L~.~, c:c.~y;, f;, b .~.c:i,~,,t., "(3O:-T~blc LLZ7) (30: Table 4-4.4(a))'. 344 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
.... uo to a maximum total auantitv of 7500 wal (28.388 L/. The (Log #48) total au~ntitv of Class IA liauids shall hot excee~ 120 ~al (454 LL 1- 54 - (28-3.5.6.1): Accept in Principle The storage of Class IA llqtllds shall be prohibited in l~asement SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. areas." RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. "General-purpose warehouses ~t0rin~ liquids shall be...automafic COMMITrEEACTION: Accept in Principle. closing, listed ~I,; fire door conforming to Table 4-4.2.2. Fire Revise the text of 28-3.5.5.1 (a) (renumbered as 28-3.5.6.1) to read: Protection Ratings for Fire Doors of NF'PA 30. with the fusible... "In protected storage and display areas, the total aggregate quantity (so:,1~5.2.1)" of Classes IB, IC, II, and IliA liquids in any combination shall not SUBSTANTIATION: Clarifies alternatives for different wall ratings. exceed 4 gal per sq ft (162 Lper m 2) of gross floor area, up to a COMMITrEEACTION: Accept in Principle. maximum total quantity of 7~;00 gal (28,388 L). The total quantity of Revise 28-3.5.6.1 (renumberedas 28-3.5.2.1) to read: "General- Class iA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L)." purpose warehouses storing liquids (as defined in this code) shall be COMMITrEE STATEMENT: This text is extracted from 4-5.6.1 (a) separate, detachec[ buildings or shall be separated t~om other of NFPA 30. The revised wording makes the paragraph consistent occupancies by a standard 4-hr fire wall or, if approved, by a fire with the current edition of NFPA 30. The Flammable and Combus- partition having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. Each tible Liquids Committee has jurisdiction of this text as it is extracted opening shall be protected as provided for in 28-3.4.2.2. (30:4-5.2.1)" text. COMMrI'TEE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the aragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The ammable and Combustible Liquids Committee has jurisdiction of (Log #46) this text as it is extracted text. 1- 52 - (28-3.5.5.1 (b)): Accept SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williarns Co. RECOMMENDATION: Delete both paragraphs and insert new (Log #49) paragraphs to follow revised 28-3.5.5.1 (a). 1- 55 - (28-3.5.6.3): Accept in Principle "(b~ In unorotected ~round floor storage and disnlav areas, the SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. total aggre~te ouantitT¢ of Classes IB. IC.~II. and IIIA iiouids in any RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: combination shall not excee~l 2 ~al net so ft (81 L her r~ 2 of gross "The liquid storage shall also conform to 28-3.5.6.4 and floor area. uo to a maximum total a]aanti{v of 7500*wa~ (28. 388 L). 5.,~.,% ~-5.~.7, o~,d ~-5.~.0 4-5.2.4 through 4-5.2.9 of NFPA 30. X~30~ The total 0u~mtitv of Class IA liouic[s shallnot excee~d 120 ~ (453, 5.~.°~) (30:4-5.2.3)" L~ SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with NFPA 30. (c) In unnrotected storage and disolav areas on floors other than COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. tl~e ground'floor, the total-ag~e~ate'otiantitv of Classes IB. IG. II. Revise the last sentence of 28-3.5.6.3 to read: and]IIA liouids in any combinafi~on sl{all not exceed 1 gal her sq fg "The liquid storage shall also conform to 28-3.5.2.4 of this 2) of ~¢ross floor area. The storage of Cla~ IA liouKls document and 4-5.2.5 through 4-5.2.9 of NFPA 30." in such areas shall I~e orohibited. - " COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The reference to paragraph 4-5.2.4 (d) For the nurnose'of28-3.5.5.1(aL "orotected" shall mean was deleted as 28-3.5.2.4 is an extract of that paragraph. orotected witll automatic snrinklers tha~are, as a minimum, installed mt accordance wath NFPA 1"3. Standard for the Installation of Sorinkler Systems. for Ordinarv Hazard Groun 20ccuoancies. (Log #50) ~e) For tl~e ourooses of 28-3.5.5.1 (a). (b). and (c). "~ross floor 1- 56 - (28-3.5.6.4(a)): Accept in Principle area." used for c~;mnutin~ the maximum 0uantitV Of l~luid that can SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williarns Co. be stored, shall mean that oortion of the floor actually being used RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: for merchandising of these liouids and the immediatelv adjacent "Products containing not more than 50 percent byvolume of water- aisle soaces. miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution bc~,,g ,,,,~ (t3 X~/here the storage arrangements, the snrinkler system design ~-..,~,~,~blc ,;l~u not being a Class I liquid, when packaged in criteria, or other means of nrotection are based on fire test data."the individual containers," v maximum total ouantities ~iven in (aL (bL and (c) above shall be SUBSTANTIATION: Improves grammar. permitted to be cloubled. ~For additional ~uidance Orl recom- COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. mended orotection, see NFPA 30-AnDendix D.)" Revise 28-3.5.6.4, ExceptionNo.l(a) (renumberedas 28-3.5.2.4, SUBSTANTIATION: Correlation ~th NFPA 30. Exception No.1 (a)) to read: "Products containing not more than 50 COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. pthercent by volume of water-miscible liquids, w~th the remainder of COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The text will now 29-3.5.6.1 (b) e solution not being a Class I liquid, where packaged in indivi(lual through (f). The references in (d) and (e) will be changed containers;" accordingly. COMMITI'EE STATEMENT: The revised wording makes the paragraph consistent with the current edition of NFPA 30. The Flammable and Combustible Liquids Committee has jurisdiction of (Log #47) this text as it is extracted text. 1- 53 - (28-3.5.5.2): Accept SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Wllliams Go. RECOMMENDATION: Delete paragraph and insert new para- (Log #51) ~aphs. 1- 57- (28-3.5.6.4(b)): Accept In storage areas that are not accessible to the nublic, the storage of SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-W'dliams Co. Class I. Class II. and Class IIIA liauids shall not exceed the amounts RECOMMENDATION: Revise text: stated in the following: "W~tc; ;;,L.c~LIc l~qu~d Products containing more than 50 percent (a) In storage areas-that are nrotected in accordance with 28- L) v,,lumc water-miscible liquids in individual containers not 3.5.5.1 (d) the-total aggregate ouantitv of Classes lB. IC. II. and Ilia exceeding 16 oz (0.5 L~ capacity." liquids in any combit~tio~ shall not exceed 7500 ~al (28.388 LL SUBSTANTIATION: Improves grammar. Tl~e total ouantitv of Class IA liauids shall not exceed ]20 ~.1 (454 COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. L). Class I/k lioui'ds shall not be'stored ia basements. (b~ In unorotected storage areas, the total a~re~¢e qoantitv 0f Classes IB. IC. II. and IIIA liouids in any comb~nati-on shall not (Log #52) exceed the amounts ~iven in'28-3.5.5.1 ~b) or ~$,5.5.1 (c). 1- 58 - (28-3.6.1): Accept in Principle whichever is aonlicab'le. SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. (c) Where tile storage arrangements, the snrinlder system desiffn RECOMMENDATION: Delete reference: criteria, or other means of nro'{ection are based on fire test data~ttle maximum total ouantities ~iven in (a) and (b) above shall be SUBSTANTIATION: Not found in NFPA 30 - 1993 Edition. oermitted to be doubled (~or additional ~uidance on recommended COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. orotection, see NFPA 30. Anoendix D.)" Delete the entire paragraph 28-3.6.1 ~UBSTANTIATION: Correlation with NFPA 30. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This text is no longer in NFPA 30. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The text will now 28-3.5.6.2. The references in (a) will be changed to 28-3.5.6.1(d) and the references in (b) will be changed to 28-3.5.6.1 (b) and 28-3.5.6.1 (c).
345 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
(Log #53) (Log#21) l- 59 - (28-3.6.5): Accept 1- 64 - (29 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Wiiliams Co. SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire paragraph and insert new RECOMMENDATION: Add new Chapter: paragraphs as follows: "ChaDter 29 (Rc,,.;w,.'..l; AEROSOL PRODUCT STORAGE". "Means shall be provided to nrevent the flow of llouids ~Itgder SUBSTANTIATION: Storage of aerosol Droduc~s should be c0vcrcd emer~encv conditions into admmm~" .... buddin~ areas." This shall be in NFPA 1. accornnlished bv providing one or a~combina-tion of the followin~ COMMITrEE ACTION: Accent in Princinl¢. across the entire ~vidth of ~ach onenio~: COMMI'ITEE STATEMENT: ~l'he Committee is addin~ a new (a) Non combustible, liouidti~ht raised sills, curbs, or r~nps of Chanter 29 to cover aerosol nroducts. See Committee Irr0posal ] - suitable height. (b) Ooen-ltrated trenches. (c) O/her means acceotable to the authority havie~ iurisdictiota, Excention: This reouirement shall not annlvto area~qehere only (Log #CP11) Class'III liouids are stored. (30:4-4.2.7) " " " 1- 65 - (31-3 (New)): Accept SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with NFPA 30. SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. RECOMMENDATION: Add a new section 31-3 to read as follows: COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This is now covered in 28-3.4.2.3. 31-3 Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience. 31-3.1 Use of fireworks before a proximate audience shall comply with NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience. (Log #54) SUBSTANTIATION: The increase use of pyrotechnics before 1- 60 - (28-3.7): Accept in Principle proximate audiences requires that this Code address the safe use of SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. these pyrotechnics. RECOMMENDATION: Revise footnote and comments: COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. "NOTE 1: See Section 4.64-8 of NFPA 30 for protection require- ments.... 28-3.7(b),provided the storage is protected in accordance with 28- (Log #CP5) 3.7.1.4 and ~~=~. of NFPA 30, as applicable. Xtao0r4-6r~ 1- 66 - (43-1): Accept (30:4-8~". SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with NFPA 30. I RECOMMENDATION: Delete the second paragraph of 43-I. CO~ ACTION: Accept in Principle. SUBSTANTIATION: This paragraph is out of place and has been ] Update the references from 4-6 to 4-8. replaced by a second paragraph in I-5.5. See Committee Proposal 1 COMMrlTEE STATI~IENT: The note is now part of Table 4-4.4(c) - 2 (Log #CP4). of NFPA 30 which is being extracted as Table 28-5.4.4.1 (c). The COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. other text has been replaced by the revised 4-4.4.1 of NFPA 30 which is extracted as 28-3.4.4.1. (Log #7) 1- 67- (43-1.1): Accept (Log #55) SUBMITTER: Joseph A. Drouin, Gardner, MA 1- 61 - (28-3.7.3): Accept in Principle [ RECOMMENDATION: Revise tide of NFPA 72 to the "National SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. Fire Alarm Code 1993 edition". RECOMMENDATION: %..byaisles or open rac~ f;c..;, l'.,iui,J;, Delete NFPA 71 and NFPA 72E. o~v,~d L..,~'~. (~0~:~ (30:4-4.3.0; 30:4-5.2.9) SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 72-1993 National Fire Alarm Code is a SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with NFPA 30. consolidation of NFPA 71, 72, 72E, 72G, 72H, 74 and the reporting COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. part of NFPA 1221 and contains all fire alarm system requirements. Revise 28-3.7.3 with the extracted text from 4-4.3.6 of NFPA 30 and COMMITFEE ACTION: Accept. renumber as 28-3.4.3.4. COMMIT~E STATI~12~IT: The text that is shown with a strike through is no longer in NFPA 30. (Log #8) 1- 68 - (C-1-1): Accept SUB~ Joseph A. Drouin, Gardner, MA [ RECOMMENDATION= Delete NFPA 72H. (Log #56) SUBSTANTIATION: The requirements of NFPA 72H are now 1- 62 - (Table 28-3.9): Accept included as part of NFPA 72-1993. SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. CO MITrEE ACTION: Accept. RECOMMENDATION: Revise footnotes: "NOTES: (1) See ~".I.; 4-7.1.1 of NFPA30..." "(2) See ~ 4-7.1.3 of NFPA 30... (Log #CP12) "(3) See 4,6fl-r4 4-7.1.4 of NFPA 30..." 1- 69 - (Entire Document): Accept SUBSTANTIATION: Correlates with NFPA 30. SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code, COMMI'VI'EE AC~HON: Accept. RECOMMENDATION: Completely revise NFPA 1 by updating the text extracted from other NFPA documents and incorporating the changes accezepted,as a result ofEuublic proposals and committee propbsals. Also include a new Chapter 29 on aerosol products. (Log #20) SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee has updated the text 1- 63 - (Chapter 29 (New)): Accept in Principle extracted from other NFPA documents as well as made other SUBMITTER: David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Co. changes to keep the document current for use. RECOMMENDATION: Add NFPA 30B-1994, as approved by the COMMITI~E ACTION: Accept. Standards Council later in 1994, induding only the following: Contents, except Chapter $ Chapter 1, General Chapter 2, Basic Requirements Chapter 4, Storage in Warehouses and Storage Areas Chapter 5, Mercantile Occupancies Chapter 6, Operations and Maintenance SUBSTANTIATION: Storage of aerosol products should be covered in NFPA 1. COMMITrEEACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Comml'ttee is adding a new Chapter 29 to cover aerosol products. See Committee Proposal 1 - 69 (Log #CP12).
346 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
NF]PA 1 1-4 Authority.
Fire Prevention Code 1-4.1 This Code shall be administered and enforced by the authority having jurisdiction designated by the governing authority. 1997 Edition 1-4.2 Police and other enforcement agencies shall have authority to NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter render necessary assistance in the enforcement of this Code when designating a paragraph indicates explanatory material on that requested to do so by the authority having jurisdiction. paragraph in Appendix A. A reference in parentheses ( ) following a section or paragraph 1-4.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA delegate to other qualifiedindividuals such powers as necessary for document. The complete title and current edition of an the proper administration and enforcement of this Code. extracted and referenced document are found in Chapter 43. Editorial changes to extracted material consist of reference 1-4.4 The authority having jurisdiction shall be authorized to changes referring the user to an appropriate reference in this inspect, at all reasonable times, any building or premises for Code or the inclusion of the document number being refer- dangerous or hazardous conditions or materials as set forth in this enced in the original extracted material. Requests for interpreta- Code. The authority having jurisdiction shall have authority to order tions or revisions of extracted text should be addressed to the any person(s) to remove or remedy such dangerous or hazardous appropriate Technical Committee. condition or material. Any person(s) failing to comply with such Information on referenced publications can be found in order shall be in violation of this Code. Chapter 43 and Appendix C. 1-4.5 Where conditions exist, and are deemed hazardous to life and property by the authority havingjurisdiction, the authority having PART I ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT Jhurisdiction shall have the authority to summarily abate such azardous conditions that are in violation of this Code. Chapter 1 Administration and Enforcement 1-4.6 To the full extent permitted by law, any authority having 1-1 Title. The title of this Code shall be NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, jurisdiction engaged in fire prevention and inspection work shall be of the National Fire Protection Assodation. The short tide of this authorized at all reasonable times to enter and examine any Code shall be the NFPA Fire Prevention Code. building, structure, marine vessel, vehicle, or premises for the purpose of making fire safety inspections. Before entering a private 1-2 Purpose. dwelling, the authority havingjurisdiction shall obtain the consent of the occupant thereof or obtain a court warrant authorizing entry 1-2.1 The intent of this Code is to prescribe minimum requirements for the purpose of inspection except in those instances where an necessary to establish a reasonable level of fire safety and property emergency exists. As used in this section, "emergency" means protection from the hazards created by fire and explosion. The circumstances that the authority havingjurisdiction knows, or has scope covers the construction, maintenance, and use of property to reason to believe, exist and that reasonably can constitute immediate the extent that such is not covered by existing NFPA codes and danger to life and property. standards. When other codes and standards are applicable to the scope of this standard they are referenced herein. 1-4.7 Persons authorized to enter and inspect buildings, structures, marine vessels, vehicles, and premises as herein set forth shall be 1-2.2 This Code is partially comprised of text exmacted from NFPA identified by proper credentials issued by this governing authority. codes and standards in an effort to bring together information useful during field inspections. 1-4.8 Persons shall not interfere with an authority having jurisdic- tion carrying out any duties or functions prescribed by this Code. 1-3 Scope. The provisions of this Code are applicable to: 1-4.9 Persons shall not use a badge, uniform, or other credentials to (a) The inspection of buildings, processes, equipment, systems, impersonate the authority having jurisdiction. and other fire and related life safety situations. 1-4.10 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to (h) The investigation of fires, explosions, hazardous materials investigate the cause, origin, and circumstances of any fire, incidents, and other related emergency incidents handled by the fire explosion, or other hazardous condition. The authority having deparunent. jurisdiction shall have the authority to take custody of all physical evidence relating to the cause of the fire, explosion, or other (c) The review of construction plans, drawings, and specifications hazardous condition. Information that could be related to trade for life safety systems, fire protection systems, access, water supplies, secrets or processes shall not be made part of the public record processes, and hazardous materials and other fire and life safety except as might be directed by a court of law. IssUes. 1-4.11 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to (d) The fire and life safety education of fire brigades, employees, require plans and specifications to ensure compliance with responsible parties, and the general public. applicable codes and standards.
(e) Existing occupancies and conditions, the design and construc- 1-4.12 Whenever any installation subject to inspection prior to use is tion of new buildings, remodeling of existing buildings, and covered or concealed without having first been inspected, the additions to existing buildings. authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that such work be exposed for inspection. The authority having (f) The storage, use, processing, handling, and transportation of jurisdiction shall be notified when the installation is ready for hazardous materials. inspection and shall conduct the inspection within a reasonable period of time. (g) The design, alteration, modification, construction, mainte- nance, and testing of fire protection systems and equipment. 1-4.13 When any construction or installation work is being performed in violation of the plans and specifications as approved by (h) Access requirements for fire department operations. e authority havingjurisdiction, a written notice shall be |~ued to the responsible party to stop work on that portion of the work that is (i) Hazards from outside fires in vegetation, trash, building debris, in violation. The notice shall state the nature of the violation, and no and other materials. work shall be continued on that portion until the violation has been corrected. (j) The regulation and control of special events including but not limited to exhibits, trade shows, amusement parks, haunted houses, 1-4.14 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to and other similar special occupancies. order the immediate evacuation of any occupied building deemed unsafe when such building has hazardous conditions that present (k) The interior finish, decorations, furnishings, and other imminent danger to building occupants. combustibles that contribute to fire spread, fire load, and smoke production. 1-4.15 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to develop and implement a public fire safety education program as
347 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP deemed necessary for the general welfare with respect to the 1-6.4 Each application for an alternative fire protection feature shall potential fire hazards within the jurisdiction. be filed with the authority having jurisdiction and shall be accompa- nied by such evidence, letters, statements, results of tests, or other 1-4.16 The authority havingjurisdiction shall have the authority to supporting information as required to justify the request. The ensure that appropriate or duly authorized public fire safety authority havingjurisdiction shall keep a record of actions on such education programs or public fire safety messages are disseminated applications, anda signed copy of the authority havingjurisdiction's to the general public. decision shall be provided forthe applicant.
1-5 Application. 1-7 Board of Appeals. 1-5.1 This Code applies to both new and existing conditions. In 1-7.1 A Board of Appeals is hereby established consisting of various chapters there are specific provisions for existing facilities members and alternate members who shall be appointed by the that might differ from those for new facilities. (Name of Appointing Oiticial) by reason of education, experience, and knowledge, and are deemed to be competent to sit in judgment 1-5.2 Details regarding processes, methods, specifications, equip- on matters concerning NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, and its enforce- ment testing and maintenance, design standards, performance, ment. The members shall serve for a term of three years, except for installation, or other pertinent criteria contained m those standards the initial appointees who shall serve as follows: two for a term of and codes listed in Chapter 43 of this Code shall be considered a one year, two for a term of two years, and three for a term of three part of this Code to the extent called for by Chapters 1 through 42 years. of this Code. 1-7.2 Board members shall not be officers, agents, or employees of 1-5.3 Applicable provisions of documents listed in Appendix B are this jurisdiction. All members and any alternate_ members shall be not required, but shall be permitted to be used by the authority appointed and serve in accordance with the terms and conditions of havin,gj'urisdiction as. appropriate..... criteria for meeting the intent of the authority havingjurisdiction. The Board shall establish rules and th~s Code when specific prowsmns do not exast wltilln this Code or regulations for conducting its business and shall render all decisions other nationally recognized codes or standards. and findings in writing to the authority having jurisdiction, with a copy to the appellant. 1-5.4 Where the requirement differs between this Gode and referenced documents, the requirements of the referenced 1-7.$ No more than one of said members or their alternates shall be documents shall apply. engaged in the same business, profession, or line of endeavor. No member of the Board of Appeals shall sit in judgment on any case in 1-5.5 Buildings in existence or permitted for construction prior to which the member, personally, is directly interested. the adoption of this Code shall comply with the provisions stated herein or referenced for existing buildings. 1-7.4 The Board of Appeals shall provide for reasonable interpreta- tion of the provisions of this Code and rule on appeals from Existing buildings or installations that do not comply with the decisions of the authority havingjurisdiction. provisions of the publications referenced in 43-1.1 shall be permitted to be continued in service, provided the lack of conformity with 1-7.5 The Board of Appeals shall meet whenever directed by the these standards does not present a serious hazard. appointing authority to interpret the provisions of this Code and to consider ahd rule on any properly filed appeal from a decision of Exception.. A limited but reasonable time shall be allowedfor compliance with the authority having jurisdiction, giving at least five days notice of any part of this Codefor ~isting buildings, commensuratewith the hearing, but in no case shall it fail to meet on an appeal within 30 magnitude of ~. p enditure, disruption of services,, and degree of hazard. calendar days of the filing of notice of appeal. All of the meetings of Occupied existing buildings shall compO unth 1-8.2. the Board shall be open to the public.
1-5.6 Buildings permitted for construction after the adoption of this 1-7.6 Means of Appeals. Code shall comply with the provisions stated herein for new buildings. 1-7.6.1 Any person shall be permitted to appeal a decision of the authority having jurisdiction to the Board of Appeals when it is 1-5.7 When in fixed locations and occupied as buildings, vehicles, claimed that any one or more of the following conditions exist: vessels, or other mobile structures shall be treated as buildings and comply with this Code. '(a) The true intent of the codes or ordinances described in this Code has been incorrectly interpreted; or 1-5.8 Additions, alterations, or repairs to any building shall conform to that required of a new building without requiring the existing (b) The provisions of the codes or ordinances do not fully apply;, building to comply with all the requirements of this Gode. Additions, or alterations, or repairs shall not cause an existing building to become unsafe or adversely affect the performance of the building as (c) A decision is unreasonable or arbitrary as it applies to determined by the authority havingjurisdictlon. alternatives or new materials.
1-5.9 Where two or more classes of occupancy occur in the same 1-7.6.2 An appeal shall be submitted to the authority having building or structure, and are so intermingled that separate jurisdiction in writing within 30 calendar days of notJtication of safeguards are impracticable, means of egress facilities, construction, violation outlining the Code provision from which relief is sought protection, and other safeguards shall comply with the most and the remedy proposed. restrictive fire safety requirements of the occupancies involved. 1-8 Occupancy. 1-6 Equivalencles and Alternatives. 1-8.1 No new construction or existing building shall be occupied in 1-6.1 Nothing in this Code is intended to prevent the use of systems, whole or in part in violation of the provisions of this Code. methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to those prescribed by 1-8.2 Existing buildings that are occupied at the time of adoption of this Code, provided technical documentation is submitted to the this Code shall remain in use provided: authority havingjurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency and the system, method, or device is approved for the intended purpose. (a) The occupancy classification remains the same.
1-6.2 The specific requirements of this Code shall be permitted to (b)* There exists no condition deemed hazardous to life or be modifiedby the authority having jurisdiction to allow alternative property that would constitute an imminent danger. arrangements that will secure as nearly equivalent fire safety as practical, but in no case shall the modification afford less fire safety 1-8.3 Buildings or portions of buildings shall not be occupied than, in the judgment of the authority havingjurisdiction, that during construction, repair, or alteration without the approval of the which would be provided by compliance with the corresponding authority havingjurisdiction if required means of egress are provisions contained in this Code. impaired or required fire protection systems are out of service. 1-6.3 Buildings with alternative fire protection features approved by Exception: Routine maintenance or repair. the autho.rityhavingjurisdiction shall be considered as conforming with this Code.
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1-8.4" Changes of Occupancy. 1-10.3 All records required to be kept shall be maintained until their usefulness has been served or as otherwise required by law. 1-8.4.1 In any building or structure, whether necessitating a physical alteration or not, a change from one occupancy classification to 1-10.4 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to another, or from one occupancy subclassification to another require facilities regulated by Chapter 27 to develop and maintain a subclassification of the same occupancy, shall be permitted only if hazardous materials management plan and hazardous materials such structure, building, ora~ortion thereof~onforms with the inventory statement. requirements of NFPA 101 "e', Life Safety Code"~ applying to new construction for the proposed new use. (101:1-6.3) 1-11 Duties and Powers of the Incident Commander. 1-8.4.2 Occupancy and subclassifications, as defined, shall be in 1-11.1 The incident commander conducting operations in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. connection with the extinguishment and control of any fire, explosion or other emergency shall have authority to direct all 1-9 Maintenance and Testing. operations of fire extinguishment or control and to take the necessary precautions to save life, protect property, and prevent 1-9.1 Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, further injury or damage. During such operation, including the condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is investigation of the cause of such emergency, the incident com- required for compliance with the provisions of this Code or NFPA mander shall be permitted to control or prohibit the approach to 101, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level the scene of such emergency by any vehicle, vessel, or person. of protection, or other feature shall thereafter be permanently maintained unless N-FPA 101 exempts such maintenance. (101:31- 1-11.2 No person shall obstruct the operations of tile fire depart- 1.3.1) ment in connection with extinguishing or control of any fire, or actions relative to other emergencies, or disobey any lawful 1-9.2" Any non-required system that creates an unsafe or hazardous command of the incident commander in charge of the emergency, condition shall be removed. or any part thereof, or any lawful order of a police officer assisting the fire department. 1-9.3 Every required automatic sprinkler system, fire detection and alarm system, smoke control system, exit lighting, fire door, and 1-11.3 The incident commander in charge of an emergency scene other item of equipment required by this Code or NFPA 101 shall be shall have the authority to establish barriers to control access in the continuously maintained in proper operating condition. (101:31- vicinity of such emergency and to place, or cause to be placed, ropes, 1.3.3) guards, barricades, or other obstructions across any street or alley to delineate such emergency scene barrier. No person, except as 1-9.4 Any equipment requiring testing or periodic operation to authorized by the incident commander in charge of the emergency, ensure its maintenance shall be tested or operated as specified shall be permitted to cross such barriers. elsewhere in this Code or NFPA I01, or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction. (101:31-1.3.4) 1-12 Owner/Occupant Responsibilities.
1-9.5 Systems shall be under the supervision of a responsible person 1-12.1 The owner, operator, or occupant shall be responsible for who shall ensure that proper tests are made at specified intervals and compliance with this Code. Who shall have general charge of all alterations and additions. (101:31-1.3.5) 1-12.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to require tests or test reports as proof of compliance with the intent of 1-9.6 Systems shall be tested at intervals required by the appropriate this Code. standards listed in Chapter 43. (101:31-1.3.6) 1-12.3 The owner, operator, or occupant of a building that is 1-9.7 Periodic Testing of Emergency Lighting Equipment. A deemed unsafe by the authority having jurisdiction shall abate, functional test shall be conducted on every required emergency through corrective action approved by the authority having lighting system at 30-day intervals for a minimum of 30 seconds. An jurisdiction, the condition causing the building to be unsafe either annual test shall be conducted for the I 1/2-hour duration. by repair, rehabilitation, demolition, or other corrective action Equipment shall be fully operational for die duration of the test. approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. Written records of visual inspections and tests shall be kept by the owner for inspection by the authority having jurisdiction. 1-13 Fire Reporting, False#Am-ms.
Exception: Self-testing~self-diagnostic, battery-operated emergency lighting 1-13.1 The person discovering any fire, regardless of magnitude, e~uipment that automatical~ perfonm a minimum 30-second test and shall: diagnostic routine at least once every 30 days and indicates failures by a status indicator shall be exempt from the 30-day functional teat, provided a (a) Immediately notify the person in charge of the premises and visual inspection is performed at 30-day interva/s. (101:31-1.3.7) all occupants and guests in the immediate vicinity of the fire.
1-9.8 Emergency Generators. Emergency generators, where (b) Notify the fire department. required for compliance with this Code, shall be tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Exception: Whenever an unwanted fire occurs in any building or on any Standby Power Systems. (101:31-1.3.8) premises of any kind, the owner, manager, occupant, or any person in control of such building or premises, upon discovery of an unwanted fire, or evidence 1-9.9 Elevator Testing. Elevators shall be subject to routine and of there having been an unwanted fire, even though it has apparently been periodic inspections and tests as specified in ASME/ANSI A17.1, extinguished, shall immediately cause notice of the existence of such fire, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. All elevators equipped with fire circumstances of same, and the location thereof to be given to the fire fighter service in accordance with 7-4.4 and 7-4.5 of NFPA 101 shall department. This requirement shag not be construed to forbid the owner, be subject to a monthly operation with a written record of the manager, or other person in control of the aforementioned building or findings made and kept on the premises as required by ASME/ANSI premises frora using all diligence necessary to extinguish such fire prior to the A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators; (101:7-4.8) arrival of the fire departraent. 1-10 Records and Reports. No person shall make, issue, post, or maintain any regulation or order, written or verbal, that would require any person to take any 1-10.1 A record of examinations, approvals, and variances granted unnecessary delaying action prior to reporting a fire to the fire shall be maintained by the authority having jurisdiction and shall be department. available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with applicable laws. Paragraph 1-13.1 (b) shall not apply to firms that have established on-premises fire-fighting organizations and have coordinated and 1-10.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall keep a record of all arranged procedures approved by the authority having jurisdiction. fire prevention inspections, including the date of such inspections and a summary of any violations found to exist, the date of the 1-13.2 No person shall deliberately or maliciously turn in an alarm services of notices, and a record of the final disposition of all of fire when in fact that person knows that no fire exists. violations.
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1-13.$ It shall be a violation of this Code for any person to willfully include the applicant's answers in full to inquiries set forth on such make to the fire department any false, fraudulent, misleading, or forms. Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such data as unfounded report or statement or to willfully misrepresent any fact required by the authority having jurisdiction, and fees as required by for the purpose of interfering with the orderly operation of the fire the jurisdiction. department or with the intention of misleading any fire department personnel. 1-15.11 The authority having jurisdiction shall review all ap~olica- tions submitted and issue permits as required. If an applicataon for a 1-14 Tampering With Fire Safety Equipment. permit is rejected by the authority havingjurisdiction, the applicant shall be advised of the reasons for such rejection. Permits for 1-14.1 No person shall render any portable or fixed fire extinguish- activities requiring evidence of financial responsibility by the ing system or device or any fire warning system inoperative or jurisdiction shall not be issued unless proof of required financial inaccessible except as necessary during emergencies, maintenance, responsibility is furnished. drills, or prescribed testing. 1-1~i.12 A copy of the permit shall be posted or otherwise readily 1-14.2 No person shall render a system or device inoperative during accessible at each place of operation or carried by the permit holder an emergency unless by direction of the incident commander. as specified by the authority havingjurisdiction.
1-14.$ No person, except a person authorized by the authority 1-15.15 Any activity authorized by any permit issued under this Code havingjurisdiction, shall remove, unlock, destroy, or tamper with in shall be conducted by the permittee or the permittee's agents or any manner any locked gate, door, or barricade; chain; enclosure; employees in compliance with all requirements of this Code sign; tag; or seal that has been required by the authority having applicable theret6 and in accordance with the approved plans and jurisdiction pursuant to this Code. specifications. No permit issued under this Code shall be interpreted to justify a violation of any provision of this Code or any other 1-15 Permits and Approvals. applicable law or regulation. Any addition or alteration of approved plans or specifications shall be approved in advance by the authority 1-15.1 The authority havingjurisdictiotl shall he authorized to havingjurisdiction, as evidenced by the issuance of a new or establish and issue permits, certificates, notices, and approvals, or amended permit. orders pertaining to fire control and fire hazards pursuant to this section. 1-15.14" Permits shall be issued by the authority havingjurisdiction and shall bear the name and signature of the authority having Exception: Paragraph 1-15.1 shall not appO to facilities that have in place a jurisdiction or that of the authority havingjurisdiction's designated plan or procedure to ensure the fire-safe operation of the facili 0 as required by representative. In addition, the permit shall indicate: Section 1-15. Such a plan or procedure must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (a) Operation or activities for which the permit is issued.
1-15.2 The authority havingjurisdiction shall be permitted to revoke (b) Address or location where the operation or activity is to be a permit or approval issued If any violation of this Code is found conducted. upon inspection or in case there have been any false statemenes or misrepresentations submitted in the application or plans on which (c) Name and address of the permittee. the permit or approval was based. (d) Permit number and date of issuance. 1-15.$ Any attempt to defraud or otherwise deliberately or know- ingly design, install, service, maintain, operate, sell, represent for (e) Period of validity of the permit. sale, falsify records, reports, or applications, or other related activity in violation of the requirements prescribed by this Code shall be a (f) Inspection requirements. violation of this Code. Such violations shall be cause for immediate suspension or revocation of any related licenses, certificates, or 1-15.15 Any application for, or acceptance of, any permit requested permits issued by this jurisdiction. In addition, any such violation or issued pursuant to this Code shall constitute agreement and shall be subject to any other criminal or civil penalties as available by consent by the person makingthe application or accepting the the laws of this jurisdiction. permit to allow the authorityhavingjurisdiction to enter the premises at any reasonable time to conduct such inspections as 1-15.4 Revocation shall he constituted when the permittee is duly required by this Code. notified by the authority having jurisdiction. 1-15.16 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to 1-15.5 Any person who engages in any business, operation, or issue permits for the following operations within the jurisdiction: occupation, or uses any premises, after the fire permit issued therefore has been suspended or revoked pursuant to the provisions (a) AmusanentParks. Construction, alteration, or operation of of this Code, and before such suspended permit has been reinstated amusement park fire protection safety features. or a new permit issued, shall be in violation of this Code. (b) Automatic Fire Suppression Systems. Installation of or modifica- 1-15.6 A permit shall be predicated upon compliance with the tion to any automatic fire suppression system. Maintenance requirements of this Code and shall constitute written authority performed in accordance with this Code is not considered a issued by the authority having jurisdiction to maintain, store, use, or modification and does not require a permit. handle materials orto conduct processes that could produce conditions hazardous to life or property, or to install equipment (c) Bonfires and Outdoor Rubbish Fires. Kindling or maintaining any used in connection with such activities. Any permit issued under this open fire or a fire in any public street, alley, road, or other public or Code shall not take the place of any other license or permit required private ground. Instructions and stipulations of permit shal/be by other regulations or laws of thisjurisdiction. adhered to. Cooking fires are exempt and do not require a permit. 1-15.7 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to (d) Bowling Lanes. Refinishing and resurfacing of bowling lanes require an inspection prior to the issuance of a permit. and bowling pin refinishing. 1-15.8 A permit issued under this Code shall continue until revoked (e) Cdlulose Nitrate Film. Storage, handling, or use of cellulose or for the period of time designated on the permit. The permit shall nitrate film. be issued to one person or business only and for the location or purpose described in the permit. Any change that affects any of the (f) Combustible Fibers. Storage or handling of combustible fibers conditions of the permit shall require a new or amended permit. covered by Chapter $9 of this Code. 1-15.9 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to (g) Compressed Gases. Storage, handling, or use of compressed grant an extension of the permittime period upon presentation by gases. Installation or modification of any compressed gas system. the permittee of a satisfactory reason for failure to start or complete the work or activity authorized by the permit. (h) Covered MaU Buildings. Permit required annually for fadlities that utilize the mall area for exhibits or displays. Exhibits and 1-15.10 Applications for permits shall be made to the authority displays include community service projects, sidewalk sales, holiday havingjurisdiction on forms provided by the jurisdiction and shall sales, etc.
350 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
NOTE: Other trade shows and exhibits held in the mall shall or used in the facility have been transported, disposed of, or reused require a separate trade show/exhibit permit. in a manner that eliminates the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health and safety. (i) Cutting and Welding. Cutting or welding operations within the jurisdiction. 5. Storage, handling, or use of chlorine. O) Dust Explosion Prevention. Installation, modification, or 6. Installation or modification to any chlorine gas system. operation of the following: (s) Industrial Ovens. Operation of industrial ovens covered by 1. Grain bleacher or elevator; Chapter 36. 2. Starch, flour, or feed mill; Exception No. 1: Routine maintenance. $. Malt house; Exertion No. 2: For emergency repair workperformed on an emergency basii, apptication for permlt sliaU be made ~ffithin two working da~s of 4. Wood flour manufacturing plant; comet of work.
5. Aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices, sugar, or other (t) LP-Gas: facility that pulverizes materials subject to oust explosion; 1. Storage and use of LP-Gas. 6. Any central dust collection system; and 2. Installation of or modification to any LP-Gas system. 7. Any equipment that produces significant amounts ofdust 3. Operation of any cargo tankers that transport LP-Gas. subject to explosion. (u) Lumber Yards and WoodworkingPlants. Storage of lumber (k) Exhibit and Trade Shows. Operation of all exhibits and trade exceeding 100,000 board ft. shows held within the jurisdiction. (v) Magnesiur~ Storage, handling, or processing of magnesium in (1) Explosives: quantities deemed significant by the authority having jurisdiction.
1. Manufacture, sell, dispose, purchase, storage, use, possess, or (w) Organic Coatings. Operation and maintenance of a facility that transport of explosives within the jurisdiction. manufactures organic coatings. 2. A separate permit, valid for no more than 90 days, shall be (x) Outdoor Storage of&rap Tires. Establish, conduct, o,r maintain required to conduct blasting operations. any outdoor storage of scrap tires that exceeds 2,500 ft ° of total volume of scrap tires. (m) Fire Alarm and Detection Systems and Related Equipmen~ Installa- tion of or modification to fire alarm and detection systems and (y) Pyroxylin Plastics. Storage, handling, assembly, or manufacture related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with of pyroxylin plastics. Chapter 8 is not considered a modification and does not require a permit. (z) Private Fire Hydrants. Installation, modification, or removal from service of any private fire hydrants. (n) FirePumps and Related EquipmenL Installation of or modifica- tion to fire pumps and related fuel tanks, jockey pumps, controllers, (aa) Repair Garages and Service Stations. Operation of repair garages and generators. Maintenance performed in accordance with Section and service stations. 6-4 is not considered a modification and does not require a permit. (bb) TarKettles on Roofs. Permit shall be obtained at least two (o) Fireworks. Possession, storage, manufacture, sale, or discharge working days prior to the placement of a tar kettle on a roof. of fireworks within the jurisdiction. (cc) RoofTop Heliports. Construction, modification, or operation of (p) Flammab/e and Combustible Liquids: a roof top heliport. 1. Storage, use, handling, or transportation of Class I, Class II, or (dd) Standpipe Systems. Installation, modification, or removal from Class IIIA flammable or combustible liquids. service of any standpipe system. Maintenance performed in accordance with Section 6-2 is not considered a modification and 2. Installation, modification, removal, abandonment, defueling, does not require a permit. or slurry fill of storage tanks. (ee) Tire Rebuilding Plants. Operation and maintenance of a tire 3. Manufacture, processing, blending, or refining. rebuilding plant. 4. Operation of cargo tankers that transport flammable and 1-16 Certificates of Fitness. combustible liquids. 1-16.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to (q) FlamraableFinishedApptication. The spray application of require certificates of fitness for individuals or companies perform- flammable or combustible liquids. Installation or modification of any ing activities related to fire safety within the jurisdiction such as: spray room or booth. (a) Use of explosive materials. (r) Storage of Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Regulated by Chapter 27: (b) Blasting or demolition operations. 1. Materials classified as having more than one hazard category if the quantity lirnits are exceeded in any category. (c) Fireworks displays. 2. Repair, abandon, remove, place temporarily out-of-service, (d) Inspection, servicing, or recharging of portable fire extinguish- close, or substantially modify a storage facility. er8. 3. Installation, modification, alteration, or addition to any (e) Servicing or recharging of fixed fire extinguishing systems. stationary aboveground or underground hazardous materials storage tank, secondary containment system, ventilation system, exhaust (0 Servicing of fire alarm or fire communication systems. treaunent system, explosion venting or suppression systems, or gas detection systems. (g) Servicing of gas- or oil-burning heating systems. 4. A plan to close a facility or terminate storage, dispensing, (h) Chimney sweep operations. handling, or use of hazardous materials shall be submitted for approval at least 30 days prior to the action. The plan shall demon- (i) Inspection or servicing of range-hood systems. strate that hazardous materials that were stored, dispensed, handled, O) Installation or servicing of chlorine systems. 351 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
1-16.2 Where certificates of fitness are required, the authority (b) the shop drawings are correct and in compliance with the havingjurisdiction shall be responsible for their issuance. applicable codes and standards.
1-16.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to revoke 1-17.3 It shall be the responsibifity of the authority having jurisdic- a certificate of fimess issued if any violation of dais Code is found tion to promulgate rules that cover: upon inspection or where there have been any false statements or misrepresentations submitted in the application on which the (a) Criteria to meet the requirements of Section 1-17; and" approval was based. (b) Review documents and shop drawings for the purpose of 1-16.4 Revocation shall be constituted when certificate holder is acceptance or provide reasons for non-acceptance within established duly notified by the authority having jurisdiction. time frames.
1-16.5 All applications for a certificate of fitness shall be filed with 1-17.4 Review and approval by the authority having jurisdiction shall the authority having jurisdiction on forms provided by the authority not relieve the applicant of the responsibility of compliance with this having jurisdiction. Code. 1-i6.6 Every person applying for a certificate of fitness shall furnish 1-17.5 Where field conditions necessitate any substantial change evidence to the authority having jurisdiction of familiarity with the from the approved plan, the authority havingjurisdiction shall have codes and standards for which the certificate of fimess is issued. the authority to require the corrected plans be submitted for approval. 1-16.7 The authority having jurisdiction shall investigate every application for a certificate of fitness. The investigation shall include 1-18 Notice of Violations, Penalties. an examination of the applicant's experience and training in the field of the certificate of fitness for which application has been 1-18.1 Whenever the authority having jurisdiction determines made. violations of this Code, a written notice shall be issued to confirm such findings. 1-16.8 When the anthorityhavingjurisdiction determines that an applicant is not fit to receive the certificate of fltuess because of the 1-18.2 Any order or notice issued pursuant to this Code shall be applicant's inability to comply with the provisions of this Code, the served upon the owner, operator, occupant, or other person authority havingjurisdiction shall refuse to issue the certificate of responsible for the condition or violation, either by personal service, fitness, ffthe refusal is based on the applicant's inability to pass an mail, or by delivering the same to, and leaving it with, some person examination given to determine competency, the applicant shall not of responsibility upon the premises. For unattended or abandoned be permitted to apply again for the certificate of fitness within a 10- locations, a copy of such order or notice shall be posted on the day period following the examination. premises in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to such premises and the order or notice shall be mailed by registered or 1-16.9 Certificates of fitness shall not be Iransferable. certified mail, with return receipt requested, to the last known address of the owner, occupant, or both. 1-16.10 Certificates of fitness shall be issued for the period of time as indicated on the certificate of fitness as determined by the 1-18.$ Any person who fails to comply with the provisions of this authority havingjurisdiction, but such period of time shall not Code or who fails to carry out an order made pursuant of this Code exceed three years. or violates any condition attached to a permit, approval, or certificate shall be subject to the penalties established by this 1-16.11 Applications for renewal of a certificate of fitness shall be jurisdiction. filed in the same manner as an application for an original certificate. 1-18.4 Failure to complywith the time limits of an abatement notice 1-16.12 Each person holding a certificate of fitness shall notify the or other corrective notice issued by the authority havingjurisdictlon anthority having jurisdiction in writing of any address change within shall result in each day that such violation continues being regarded 10 days after such change. Failure on the part of a person to give as a new and separate offense. such notification shall cmastitute grounds for revocation of the certificate of fitness. PART H DEFINITIONS 1-16.13 A certificate of fituess shall be in the form of an identifica- tion card. The card shall contain the following information: Chapter 2 Definitions
(a) The purpose for which the certificate of fitness is issued. 2-1 Def'mitions. Words defined in this Code are intended only for use with sections of this Code. Definitions set forth in any document (b) The date of expiration. referenced by this Code shall be the acceptable definition for use of that document only. Where terms are not defined, they shall have (c) Information necessary to properly identify the person to whom their ordinary accepted meanings within the context with which they the certificate of fitness is issued. are used. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, Copyright 1981, shall be considered (d) The signature of the person to whom the certificate of fitness is as providing ordinary accepted meaning. issued. Addition. An extension or increase in floor area or height of a (e) The name and signature of the authority having jurisdiction or building or structure. (101:3-2) a designated representative. Alternative. A system, condition, arrangement, material, or (f) Printed thereon in bold type the following: "THIS CERTIFI- equipment submitted to the authority having jurisdiction as a CATE IS NOT AN ENDORSEMENT OF THIS PERSON BY THE substitute for a Code requirement. AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION." Ambulatory Health Care Centers. A building or part of a building 1-16.14 Any person to whom a certificate of fitness has been granted used to provide services or treatment to four or more patients at the shall, upon request, produce and show proper identification and the same time that meets the criteria of either (a) or (b) below. certificate of fitness to anyone for whom that person seeks to render services or to the authority having jurisdiction. (a) Facilities that provide, on an outpatient basis, treatment for patients incapable of taking action for serf-preservation under 1-17 Plans Review. emergency conditions without assistance from others.
1-17.1 For new construction, modification, or rehabilitation, the (b) Facilities that provide, on an outpatient basis, surgical authority havingjurisdiction shall have rite authority to review treatment requiring general anesthesia. (101:12-1.3) construction documents and shop drawings. ANSI/ASME. An American National Standards Institute publica- 1-17.2 It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that: tion, sponsored and published by the American Society of Mechani- cal Engineers. (a) the construction documents include all of the fire protection requirements. 352 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
Apartment Buildings. Buildings containing three or more living granting permission to such person to conduct or engage in any units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities, whether operation or act for which certification is required. designated as apartment houses, tenements, garden apartments, or by any other name. (101:18-1.3) CEIL The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States GovernmenL Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Combustible. Capable of undergoing combustion. (101:3-2) Assembly Occupancy. Assembly occupancies include, but are not limited to, all buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering Combustible Fiber. Any material in a fibrous or shredded form that together 50 or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, will readily iglaite when heat sources are present. worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, or awaiting transportation. Combustible Refuse. All combustible or loose rubbish, litter, or waste materials generated by an occupancy that are refused, Assembly occupancies include: rejected, or considered worthless and are disposed of by incineration on the premises where generated or periodically transported from the premises. Armories Libraries Assembly halls Mortuary chapels Combustible Waste. Combustible or loose waste materials that are Auditoriums Motion picture theaters generated by an establishment or process and, being salvageable, are Bowling lanes Museums retained for scrap or reprocessing on the premises where generated Club rooms Passenger stations and or transported to a plant for processing. These include, but are not College and university terminals of air, surface, limited to, all combustible fibers, hay, straw, hair, feathers, down, classrooms, 50 persons underground, and marine wood shavings, turnings, all types of paper products, soiled cloth and over public transportation trimmings and cuttings, rubber trimmings and buffings, metal fines, Conference rooms facilities and any mixture of the above items, or any other salvageable Courtrooms Places of religious worship combustible waste materials. Dance halls Pool rooms Drinking establishments Recreation piers Combustion. A chemical process that involves oxidation sufficient Exhibition halls Restaurants to produce light or heat. (10h3-2) Gymnasiums Skating rinks Theaters Construction Documents. Documents that consist of scaled design drawings and specifications for the purpose of construction of new Occupancy of~my, room. or. space for assembly purposes by fewer facilities or modification to existing facilities. (Also see definition of than 50 persons m a budding or other occupancy and incidental to Shop Drawings.) such other occupancy shall be classified as part of the other Occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions applicable thereto. Container. Aaayvessel of 60 U.S. gal (297 L) or less capacity used for (I01:4-1.2) transporting or storing liquids.
Authority Having Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, or Dedicated Smoke Control Systems. Systems that are intended for individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a the purpose of smoke control only. They are separate systems of air procedure. moving and distribution equipment that do not function under normal building operating conditions. Upon activation, these Automatic Fire Extinguishing System. Any system designed and systems operate specifically to perform the smoke control function. installed to detect a fire and subsequendy discharge an extinguish- ing agent without the necessity of human intervention. Detached Storage. Storage in a separate building or in an outside area located ax~rayfrom allstructures. Basement. A story with more than 50 percent of its perimeter below grade. Detention and Correctional Occupancies. Detention and correc- tional occupancies are used to house individuals under varied Board of Appeals. A group of persons appointed by the governing degrees of restraint or security and are occupied by persons who are body of the jurisdiction adopting this Code for the purpose of mostly incapable of serf-preservation because of security measures hearing and adjudicating differences of opinion between the not under the occupants' control. authority having jurisdiction and the citizenry in the interpretation, application, and enforcement of this Code. Detention and correctional occupancies include: Building. Any structure used or intended for supporting or Adult and juvenile Adult local detention facilities sheltering any use or occupancy. The term building shall be substance abuse centers Juvenile community construed as if followed by the words "or portions thereof." (101:3-2) Adult and juvenile work residential centers camps Juvenile detention facilities Building, Existing. Any structure erected prior to the adoption of Adult community residential Juvenile training schools this Code or for which a permit for construction has been issued. centers (101:3-2) Adult correctional institutions
Business Occupancies. Business occupancies are those used for the Chapters 14 and 15 of NFPA 101 address the residential housing transaction of business (other than those covered under "Mercan- areas of the detention and correctional occupancy as defined by 14- tile"), for the keeping of accounts and records, and for similar 1.3(d) and 15-1.3(d) of NFPA 101. Other uses within detention and purposes. correctional f!acilities, such as gymnasiums or industries, shall be in accordance with the appropriate chapter of NFPA Business occupancies include: 101. (101:4-1.5) City halls Dentists' offices Dormitories. Buildings or spaces in buildings where group sleeping College and university Doctors' offices accommodations are provided for more than 16 persons who are not instructional buildings, General offices members of the same family in one room or a series of closely classrooms under 50 Outpatient clinics, associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management, persons, and instructional ambulatory with or without meals, but without individual cooking facilities. laboratories Town halls Examples are college dormitories, flatemity houses, and military Courthouses barracks. (101:16-1.3) Dwelling. A single unit providing complete and independent living Minor office occupancy incidental to operations in another facilities for one or more persons including permanent provisions occupancy shall be considered as a part of the predominating for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions of NFPA 101that apply to the predominant occupancy. (101:4-1.8) Educational Occupancies. Educational occupancies include all buildings or portions of buildings used for educational purposes Certificate of Fitness. A written document issued by authority of through the twelfth grade by six or more persons for four or more the authority havingjurisdiction to any person for the purpose of hours per day or more than 12 hours per week.
353 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Educational occupancies include: Guide. A document that is advisory or informative in nature, containing only nonmandatory provisions. Academies Nursery schools Kindergartens Schools Health Care Occupancies. Health care occupancies are those used for purposes such as medical or other treatment or care of persons Educational occupancies also include day-care facilities of any suffering from physical or mental illness, disease, or infirmity;, and occupant load. Other occupancies associated with educational for the care of infants, convalescents, or infirm aged persons. Health institutions shall be in accordance with the appropriate parts of care occupancies provide sleeping facilities for four or more NFPA I01. (101:4-1.3) occupants and are occupied by persons who are mostly incapable of serf-preservation because of age, physical or mental disability, or Emergency. A fire, explosion, or hazardous condition that poses an because of security measures not under the occupants' control. immediate threat to the safety of life or damage to property. Health care occupancies include: Existing Condition. Any situation, circumstance, or process that was ongoing or in effect prior to the adoption of this Code. Hospitals Linuted care facilities Exit. That portion of a means of egress that is separated from all Nursing homes other spaces of the building or structure by construction or equipment as required in 5-1.3.1 of NFPA I01 to provide a protected Health care occupancies also include ambulatory health ~are way of travel to the exit discharge. Exits include exterior exit doors, centers. (101:4-1.4) exit passageways, horizontal exits, and separated exit stairs or ramps. (101:3-2) 68~ohlyVolatile Liquid. A liquid with a boiling point of less than (20°C). Exit Access. That portion of a means of egress that leads to an exit. (10h3-2) BuI~idh Rise Building. A building more than 75 ft (23 m) in height. ing height shall be measured from the lowest level of fire Exit Discharge. That portion of a means of egress between the department vehicle access to the floor of the highest occupiable termination of an exit and a public way. (101:5-2) story. (101:3-2)
Fire Compartment. A space within a building that is enclosed by Horizontal Exit. A way of passage from one building to an area of fire barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom. (101:3-2) refuge in another building on approximately the same level, or a way of passage through or around a fire barrier to an area of refuge on Fire Door Assembly. Any combination of a fire door, frame, approximately the same level in the same building that affords safety hardware, and other accessories that together provide a specific from fire and smoke originating from the areaofincidence and degree of fire protection to the opening. (80:1-4) areas communicating therewith. (101:5-1.2.8)
Fire Hazard. Any situation, process, material, or condition that, on Hospital. A building or part thereof used on a 24-hour basis for the the basis of applicable data, may cause a fire or explosion or provide medl'~cal, psychiatric, obsteu'ical, or surgical care of four or more a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of the fire or inpatients. The term hospital, wherever used in this Code or NFPA explosion and that poses a threat to life or property. 101, shall include general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, and specialty hospitals. (101:12-1.3) Fire Hydrant. Awalved connection on a water supply system having one or more outlets used to supply hose and fire department Hotels. Buildings or groups of buildings under the same manage- pumpers with water. ment in which there are more than 16 sleeping accommodations rimarily used by transients (those who occupy accommodations for Fire Protection System. Any fire alarm device or system, or fire ss than 30 days) for lodging with or without meals, whether extinguishing device or system, or combination thereof, designed designated as a hotel, inn, club, motel, or by any other name. So- and installed for detecting, controlling, or extinguishing a fire or called apartment hotels shall be classified as hotels because they are otherwise alerting occupants, the fire department, or both that a fire potentially subject to the same transient occupancy as hotels. has occurred. (101:16-1.3)
Fire Retardants. Liquids, solids, or gases that tend to inhibit Incident Commander. The fire department official in charge of an combustion when applied on, mixed in, or combined with combus- emergency incident. tible materials. Indicating Valve. A valve that has components that show ff the valve Fire Watcher. A person assigned to be in an area for the express is open or closed. Examples are O.S.& Y. gate valves and under- purpose of notifying the fire department of an emergency, prevent- ground gate valves with indicator posts. ing a fire from occurring, extinguishing small fires, or protecting the public from fire or life safety dangers addressed in this Code. Industrial Occupancies. Industrial occupancies include factories Specific requirements for personnel, their training, and any making products of all kinds and properties devoted to operations equipment are found in the appropriate sections of this Code. such as processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing or decoraUng, and repairing. Flame Spread. The propagation of flame over a surface. (101:3-2) Industrial occupancies include: Flame Spread Rating. The comparative performance of fire travel over the surface of a material when testedin accordance with the Dry-cleaning plants Laundries provisions of NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Factories of all kinds Power plants Characteristics of Building Materials, Food processing plants Pumping stations Gas plants Refineries Floor Area, Gross. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the Hangars (for servicing/ Sawmills outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction maintenance) Telephone exchanges for hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, or (101~1.9) other features. Where the term "area" is used elsewhere in this Code and NFPA 101, it shall be understood to be gross area unless Initiating Device Circuit. A circuit to which automatic or manual otherwise specified. (101:5-2) initiating devices are connected where the signal received does not identify the individual device operated. (72:1-4) Floor Area, Net. Net floor area shall be the actual occupied area, not including accessory unoccupied areas or thickness of walls. Isolated Storage. Storage in a different storage room or in a (101:3-2) separate and detached building located at a safe distance.
Gallon. One U.S. Standard Gallon (4 L). Jurisdiction. Any governmental unit or political division or subdivision, indudlng, but not limited to, township, city, village, Ground Kettle. A container that may or may not be mounted on county, borough, state, commonwealth, province, freehold, district, wheels and is used for heating tar, asphalt, or similar substances. or territory, that has adopted this Code under due legislative authority.
354 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Keybox. A container of a type approved by the authority having in accordance with ASTM El56, Standard Test Method for Behavior of jurisdiction installed in an accessible location for the purpose of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°~ and conforming to the containing keys to gain necessary access to areas of the premises. criteria contained in Section 7 of the referenced standard shall be considered as noncombustible. Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is Nondedicated Smoke Control Systems. Systems that share acceptable to the authority havingjurisdiction and concerned with components with some other system(s) such as the building HVAG product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production system. Activation causes the system to change its mode of operation of labeled equipment or materials and by whose labeling the to achieve the smoke control objective. manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. Nursing Home. A building or part of a building used on a 24-hour basis for the housing and nursing care of four or more persons who, Limited Care Facility. A building or part of a building used on a 94- became of mental or physical incapacity, might be unable to provide hour basis for the homing of four or more persons who are for their own needs and safety without the assistance of another incapable of serf-preservation because of age, physical limitations on. The term "nursing home," wherever used in this Code or due to accident or illness, or mental limitations such as mental ~q~A 101, shall include nursing and convalescent homes, skilled retardation/developmental disability, mental illness, or chemical nursing futilities, intermediate care facilities, and infirmaries in dependency. (101:19-1.3) homes for the age& (101:12-1.3) Liquefied Natural Gas. A fluid in the liquid state composed Occupancy. The purpose for which a building or portion thereof is predominantly of methane and that may contain minor quantities of used or intended to be used. (101:3-2) ethane, propane, nitrogen, or other components normally found in natural gas. Occupant Load. The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time. (101:3-9) Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Any material having a vapor pressure not exceeding that allowed for commercial propane composed Occupiable Story. A story occupied bypeople on a regular basis. predominandy of the following hydrocarbons, either by themselves Stories used exclusively for mechanical equipment rooms, elevator or as mixtures: propane, propylene, butane (normal butane or penthouses, and similar spaces are not occupiable stories. (101:3-2) isobutane and butylenes). One- and Two-Family Dwelling. One- and twoffamily dwellings Listed.* Equipment or materials included in a list p U blished by an include buildings containing not more than two dwelling units in organization acceptable to the authoi'ity havingjurisdiction and which each living unit is occupied by members of a single family with concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic no more than three outsiders, if any, accommodated in rented inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose rooms. (101:91-1.1.1) listing states either that the equipment or material meets appropri- ate standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a OSHA. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration. specified manner. Patch Kettle. Any pot or container with a capacity of less than 6 gai Lodging or Rooming Occupancies. Buildings that provide sleeping (99.71 L) used for preheating tar, asphalt, pitch, or similar sub- accommodations for a total of 16 or fewer persons on either a stances for the repair of roofs, streets, floors, pipes, or similar transient or permanent basis, with or without meals, but without objects. separate cooking facilities for individual occupants except as provided in Chapter 13 of NFPA 101. (101:90-1.1.1) Permit. A document issued by the authority having jurisdiction for the purpose of authorizing performance of a specified activity. Marine Vessel. Every description of water craft or other artificial contrivance used as a means of transportation in or on the water. Peroxide Forming Chemical. A chemical that, when exposed to air, will form explosive peroxides that are shock, pressure, or heat May. Term used to state a permissive use or alternative method to a sensitive. specific requirement. Personal Care. The care of residents who do not require chronic or Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel convalescent medical or nursing care. Personal care involves from any point in a building or structure to a public way consisting responsibilityfor the safety of the resident while inside the building. of three separate and distinct parts: (a) the exit access, (b) the exit, Personal care might include daily awareness by the management of and (c) the exit discharge. A means of egress comprises the vertical the resident's functioning and whereabouts, making and reminding and horizontal travel and shall include intervening room spaces, a resident of appointments, the ability and readiness for intervention doorways, hallways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, in the event of a resident experiencing a crisis, supervision in the enclosures, lobbies, escalators, horizontal exits, courts, and yards. areas of nutrition and medication, and actual provision of transient (101:5-1.9) medical care. (101:29-1.3).
Means of Escape. A way out of a building or structure that does not Physical Hazard. A classification of a chemical for which there is conform to the strict definition of means of egress but does provide scientificallyvalid evidence that it is an organic peroxide or oxidizer. an alternate way out. (101:3-9) Private Building. A building, or that portion of a building, that is Mercantile Occupancies. Mercantile occupancies include stores, normally not frequented by, nor open to, the public. markets, and other rooms, buildings, or structures for the display and sale of merchandise. Mercantile occupancies include: Process. The manufacturing, handling, blending, conversion, purification, recovery, separation, synthesis, or use, or any combina- Auction rooms tion, of any commodity or material regulated by this Code. Shopping centers Department stores Professional Architect. An individual technically and legally Supermarkets qualified to practice the profession of architecture. Drugstores Professional Engineer. An individual technically and legally Minor merchandising operations in buildings predominantly of qualified to practice the profession of engineering. other occupancies, such as a newsstand in an office building, shall be subject to the exit requirements of the predominant occupancy. Proprietary Information. Information regarding compounds or (101:4-1.7) ingredients used in a process or production that do not qualify as Mezzanine. An intermediate level between the floor and the ceiling trade secrets but that provide an industry or business with a of any room or space. (101:3-9) competitive advantage. Nonflammable Gas. A class of gases that is nonflammable, Public Way. Any street, alley, or other similar parcel of land generally nonreactive. essentially open to the outside air, deeded, dedicated, or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and having a Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form in which it is clear width and height of not less than 10 ft (3 m). (101:3-9) used and under the conditions anticipated, will not aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire. Materials, where tested 355 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Ramp. A walking surface in an accessible space that has a slope connections, and allied equipment installed in a building or steeper than I in 20. (101:5-1.2) structure with the hose connections located in such a manner that water can be discharged in streams or spray patterns through Recommended Practice. A document that is similar in content and attached hoses and nozzles, for the purpose of extinguishing a fire structure to a code or standard but that contains only nonmandatory and so protecting a building or structure and its contents in addition rovisions using the word "should" to indicate recommendations in to protecting the occupants. This is accomplished by connections to e body of the text. water supply systems or by pumps, tanks, and other equipment necessary to provide an adequate supply of water to hose connec- Reduced Flow Valve. A valve equipped with a restricted flow orifice tions. (14:1-3) and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable or stationary tank that is designed to reduce the maximum flow from the valve Storage Occupancies. Storage occupancies include all buildings or under full flow conditions. The maximum flow rate from the valve is structures utilized primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, determined with the valve allowed to flow to atmosphere with no merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals. Storage occupancies other piping or fittings attached. include:
Residential Board and Care Occupancies. A building or part Barns Parking structures thereof that is used for lodging and boarding of four or more Bulk oil storage Stables residents, not related by blood or marriage to the owners or Cold storage Truck and marine operators, for the purpose of providing personal care services. Freight terminals terminals ( 101:22-1.3) Grain elevators Warehouses Hangars (for storage only) Residential Occupancies. Those occupancies in which sleeping accommodations are provided for normal residential purposes and Minor storage incidental to another occupancy shall be treated as include all buildings designed to provide sleeping accommodations. part of the predominant occupancy. (101:4-1.10) Exception: Those classified under health care or detention and correctional Story. That portion of a building included between the upper occupancies. surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next above. (101:3-2) Residential occupancies are treated separately in this Code in the following groups: STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). A temperature of 70°F (21.1°C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (14.7 psi Qr 760 mm Hg). (a) Hotels. Motels. Street. Any public thoroughfare (road, avenue, boulevard) 30 ft Dormitories. (9.1 m) or more in width that has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use and is accessible for use by the fire department (b) Apartments. in fighting fu?e. Enclosed spaces and tunnels, even though used for vehicular and pedestrian traffic, are not considered as streets for the (c) Lodging or rooming houses. purposes of this Code. (101:3-2)
(d) One- and two-family dwellings. Street Floor. Any story or floor level accessible from the street or from outside the building at ground level with floor level at the main (e) Board and care facilities. (10h4-1.6) entrance not more than three risers above or below ground level at these points, and so arranged and utilized as to qualify as the main Segregated. Physically separated from other materials by adequate floor. Where, due to differences in street levels, there are two or space, walls, or partitions and in accordance with the recommenda- more stories accessible from the street, each is a street floor for the uons of the manufacturer of the stored material. purposes of this Code. Where there is no floor level within the specified limits for a street floor above or below ground level, the Self-Closing. Equipped with an approved device that will ensure building shall be considered as having no street floor. (101:3-2) closing after having been opened. (10h3-2) Structure. That which is built or constructed. The term "structure" Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. shall be construed as if foUowed by the words "or portion thereof." (101:3-2) Shop Drawings. For the purposes of this Code, shop drawings are scaled working drawings, equipment cutsheets, and design calcula- Summarily Abate. To immediatelyjudlige a condition to be afire tions. (See definition of ConstTuction Documents.) hazard to life or property and to order immediate correction of such condition. Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required. System. Several items of equipment assembled, grouped, or otherwise interconnected for the accomplishment of a purpose or Smoke Barrier. A continuous membrane, either vertical or function. horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. A smoke barrier Temporary Wiring. Approved wiring for power and lighting during might or might not have a fire resistance rating. Such barriers might a period of construction, remodeling, maintenance, repair, or have protected openings. (101:3-2) demolition, and decorative lighting, carnival power and lighting, and similar purposes. Smoke Compartment. A space within a building enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom. (101:3-2) Water Capacity. The volumetric measure of the amount of water a container can hold. Smoke Detector. A device that senses visible or invisible particles of combustion. (101:3-2) Written Notice. A notification in writing delivered in person to the individual or parties intended, or delivered at, or sent by certified or SmokingArea. A designated area where smoking is permitted registered mail to, the last residential or business address of legal within premises where smoking is otherwise generally prohibited. record.
Special Uses. Shall include, but not be limited to, events or occurrences where threaten!ng life safety situations or fire hazards PART HI GENERAL FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS exist or are likely to exist as determined by the authority having jurisdiction. Chapter 3 General Provisions Standard. A document containing only mandatory provisions using the word "shall" to indicate requirements. Explanatory material may 3-1 Fundamental Requirements. be included only in the form of"fine print s notes, in footnotes, or in an appendix. 3-1.1 Every new and existing building or structure shall be con- structed, arranged, equipped, maintained, and operated in Standpipe System. An arrangement of piping, valves, hose accordance with thisCode so as to provide a reasonable level of life
356 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP safety, propertyprotection, and public welfare from the actual and 3-3.4 Removal or destruction of any required "No Smoking" sign potential hazards created by fire, explosion, and other hazardous shall be prohibited. conditions. 3-3.5 Smoking or depositing any lighted or smoldering substance in 3-1.2 Every new and existing building shall comply with this Code a place where required "No Smoking" signs are posted shall be and NFPA 101, Life Safety Coda prohibited. 3-1.3 It shall be illegal for any person to throw or place, or cause to 3-4 Open Outdoor Fires, Incinerators, Outdoor F'weplaces. be thrown or placed, any lighted match, cigar, cigarette, matches, or other flaming or glowing substance or thing on any surface or article 3-4.1 Permit Required (see Section 1-15). where it can cause or start a fire. Exception: Cookingfires. 3-1.4 Any person who deliberately, or through negligence, sets fire to or causes the burning of any combustible material in such a $-4.2 Permitted open fires shall be located not less than 50 ft (15.3 manner as to endanger the safety of any person or property shall be m) from any structure. Burning hours shall be prescribed by the deemed to be in violation of this Code. authority having jurisdiction.
3-1.5 Fire exit drills shall be conducted regularly in occupancies 3-4.3 Open fires and cooking fires shall be constantly attended by a where specified by Chapters 9 through 25 or by appropriate action competent person until such fire is extinguished. This person shall of the authority having jurisdiction. Drills shall be designed in have-a garden hose connected to the water supply or other fire cooperation with the authority havingjurisdiction. extinguishing equipment readily available for use. 3-1.6 Factors Affecting Egress. 3-4.4 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to prohibit any or all open fires when atmospheric conditions or local 3-1.6.1 No furnishings, decorations, or other objects shall be so circumstances make such fires hazardous. placed as to obstruct exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. (101:31-1.9.3.1) 3-4.5 During that period of the year declared by the authority having jurisdiction to be the dry season, it shall be unlawful to set 3-1.6.2 Hangings or draperies shall not be placed over exit doors or fires to any brush or forest covered land. Nothing in this section otherwise be located to conceal or obscure any exit. Mirrors shall not shall apply to the area within the boundaries of an approved be placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placed in or adjacent to smoking area required by this Code as designated by the authority any exit in such a manner as to confuse the direction of exit. havingjurisdiction. (101:31-1.2.3.2) 8-4.6 On such occasions when the chief executive of the jurisdiction 3-1.6.3 There shall be no obstruction by railings, barriers, or gates declares a dry season and establishes special regulations on the use that divide the open space into sections appurtenant to individual of any form of fire or smoking material, the authority having rooms, apartments, or other uses. Where the authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to assist in the enforcement of jurisdiction finds the required path of travel to be obstructed by such regulations. furniture or other movable objects, the authority may require mat they be fastened out of the way or may require that railings or other 3-4.7 No charcoal burners shall be kindled or maintained on permanent barriers be installed to protect the path of travel against combustible balconies or within 10 ft (3.1 m) of combustible patios encroachment. (101:31-1.2.3.3) on ground floors. 3-1.6.4 No person shall fail to leave any overcrowded premises when Exception: Single-fami 0 dwellings. told to do so by the management of the premises or the authority havingjurisdiction. Premises are deemed to be overcrowded when $-4.8 Every commercial incinerator and commercial barbecue the occupant load exceeds the exit capacity or the posted occupant fireplace shall be equipped and maintained with a spark arrestor and load. shall be maintained in good condition, working order, and repair at all times. 3-2 Electrical Fire Safety. 3-5 Fire Lanes. 3-2.1 This section shall apply to new, existing, l?ermanent~ or temporary electrical appliances, fixtures, or wirmg. $-5.1 Fire lanes shall be provided for all buildings that are set back Exception: Existing installations shall bepermitted to be continued in use more than 150 ft (45.75 m) from apublic road or exceed 30 ft (9.14 provided the lack of conforml 0 does not present a serious hazard. m) in height and are set back over 50 ft (15.25 m) from a public road. 3-2.2 All electrical appliances, fixtures, or wiring sh~l be maintained in accordance with NFPA 70, NationalElectrical Code~v. Exception: Where buildings are protected throughout with an approved automatic spnnkler system, the provisions of this section shag be permitted to 3-2.3 Permanent wiringshall he installed and maintained in be modified by the authority having jurisdiction. accordance with NFPA70. 3-5.2 Fire lanes shall be not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) of unobstructed 3-2.4 Permanent wiring abandoned in place shall be tagged or width, able to withstand live loads of fire apparatus and have a otherwise identified at its terminationandjunction points as minimum of 13 ft 6 in. (4.1 m) of vertical clearance. An approved "Abandoned in Place" or removed from allaccessible areas and turnaround for fire apparatus shall be provided where an access insulated from contact with other live electrical wiring or devices. road is a dead end and is in excess of 150 ft (45.8 m) in length. The turnaround shall have a minimum centerline radius of 50 ft (15.3 3-2.5 Where no applicable standards or requirements are set out in m). The grade of the fire lane shall be within the limits established this section, compliance with NFPA 70 shall be deemed as evidence by the authority having jurisdiction. of compliance with the intent of this section. Exception No. 1: T or Y turnaround arrangements shall be permitted. 3-3 Smoking. Exception No. 2: When acceptable to the authori 0 having jurisdiction, turnaround arrangements other than a cul-de-sac shall be permitted to be 3-3.1 Special Definition. used. Smoking. The carrying or use of lighted pipe, cigar, cigarette, 3-5.3 Where a bridge is required to be used as access, it shall be tobacco, or any other type of smoking substance. constructed and maintained using live design loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of the fire apparatus. Where an elevated 3-3.2 Where smoking is considered a fire hazard, the authority surface is used as access, that portion utilized by fire apparatus shall havingjurisdiction shall be authorized to order the owner in writing be constructed and maintained to accommodate fire apparatus. to post "No Smoking" signs in conspicuous designated locations where smoking is prohibited. 3-5.4 Fire lanes shall be marked with free-standing signs or marked curbs, sidewalks, or other traffic surfaces that have the words "FIRE 3-3.3 In areas where smoking is permitted, noncombustible ash trays LANE-NO PARKING" painted in contrasting colors at a size and shall be provided. spacing approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
357 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
3-5.5* Fire lanes shall be maintained free of all obstructions at all 3-8.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to times. require an inspection and test of any sprinkler system, standpipe system, or fire alarm system that has been out of service for 30 days 3-6 Key Boxes. The authority havingjurisdictlon shall have the or more before restored back into service. authority to require a key box to be installed in an accessible location where access to or within a structure or area is difficult 3-9* Historical Buildings. The provisions of this Code relating to because of security. The key box shall be a type approved by the the construction, repair, alteration, enlargement, restoration, and authority having jurisdiction and shall contain keys necessary to gain moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing access as required by the authority having jurisdiction. The operator buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local of the premises shall immediately notify the authority having government authority as historic buildings where such buildings are jurisdiction, and provide the new key(s), any time a lock is changed judged by the authority having jurisdiction to be safe and to not or rekeyed and a key(s) to that lock is contained in the key box. constitute a serious life safety hazard. 3-7 Fire Protection Markings. 3-10 Commercial Cooking Equipment.
3-7.1 Premises Identification. New and existing buildings shall have 3-10.1 Commercial cooking equipment that produces smoke or approved address numbers placed in a position to be plainly legible grease-laden vapors shall be equipped with an exhaust system. Such and visible from the street or road fronting the property. These exhaust system, including hoods, grease removal devices, ducts, numbers shall contrast with their background. Address numbers dampers, air-moving devices, auxiliary equipment, and fire extin- shall be arabic numerals or alphabet letters. guishing equipment, shall be designed, constructed, and installed in conformance with NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire 3-7.2 Shaftways to Be Marked. Every outside opening accessible to Protection of Commerdal Cooking Operationg the fire department that opens directly on any holstway or shaftway communicating between two or more floors in a building shall be Exception No. 1: Listed self-contained cooking equipment. plainly marked with the word "SHAFTWAY" in red letters at least 6 m. (15.2 cm) high on a white background; such warning signs shall Exception No. 2: Existing installations shall be pennitted to be continued in be so placed as to be readily discernible from theoutside of the service subject to approval of the authori 0 having jurisdiction` building. 3-10.2" Hoods, grease extractors, and ducts shall have a clearance of 3-7.3* Stairway Marking. at least 18 in. (497.2 ram) to combustible material, 3 in. (76.2 ram) to limited-combustible material, and 0 in. to noncombustible 3-7.3.1 Stairs serving four or more stories shall be provided with a material. See figures showing examples in Appendix A of NFPA 96. sign within the enclosure at each floor landing. The sign shall indicate the floor level, the terminus of the top and bottom of the Exception No. 1: Where the hood, duct, or grease extractor is listedfor lesser stair enclosure, and the identification of the stair. The sign shall also clearances. state the floor level of, and the direction to, exit discharge. The sign shall be inside the enclosure located approximately 5 ft (152 cm) E _xf.eptionNo. 2: Clearance to contbustible material shall bepermitted to be above the floor landing in a position that is readily visible when the redffced if the combustible material is protected as follows: door is in the open or closed position. (101:5-2.2.6.6) of P,ot~tio,, Clearance to Combustible Material 3-7.3.2 The sign shall be painted or stenciled on the wall or on a (a) O.O13-in. (0.33-rata) (28 9 in. (228. 6 tara) separate sign securely attached to the wall. gauge) sheet metal spaced out i in, (25.4 tara) on noncombustible 3-7.3.3 Letters and numerals shall be of bold type and of contrasting spacers° color to the background. (b) 0.027-in. (0.69.rnm) (22 3 in. (76.2 ram) 3-7.3.4 The stairway identification letter shall be placed at the top of gauge) sheet metal on 1-in, (25.4 the sign in minimum 1 in. (25 ram) high bold block lettering. ram) mineral wool bats reinforced with wire mesh or equivalent 3-7.3.5 Roof access or no roof access shall be designated by the spaced out 1 in. (25.4ram)on words "Roof Access" or "No Roof Access~ and placed under the noncombustible spacers. stairway identification letter. Lettering shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 ram) high bold block lettering. Exc.eption No. 3: Clearance to lirnitegc.ombustible material ra~ be reduced to 3-7.3.6 The floor level number shall be placed in the middle of the zero clearance where protected by metal lath and plaster, ceranac tile, quarry sign in minimum 5 in. (127 ram) high bold block lettering. tile, or other noncombustible material or assemb~ of noncombustible materials Me~Tanlne levels shall have the letter "M" or other .ap.propriate acceptable to the authori 0 havingjurisdictlon. identification letter precedin~ the floor number, while basement levels shall have the letter "B or other appropriate identification Exception No. 4: Materials and products that are listedfor the purpose of letter preceding the floor level number. red~_ "ng clearance. These materials shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing and the manufacturer's instructions. 3-7.3.7 The lower and upper terminus of the stairway shall be placed at the bottom of the sign in minimum 1 in. (25 nun) high bold block NOTE: The protection methods for ducts to reduce clearance lettering. are to be appfied to the combustible or limited-combustible construction and not to the duct. The duct should not be 3-7.$.8 These signs shall be maintained in an approved manner. wrapped directly with any materials as the duct cannot dissipate heat from afire as intended. In the case of a severe fire the duct 3-8 Vacant Buildings. may fail. A duct may contact noncombustible floors, interior walls, and other noncombustible strncturesor supports, but it 3-8.1 Every person owning or having charge or control of any vacant may not be in contact with these for more than 50 percent of its building shall remove all combustible waste and refuse therefrom surface area per each lineal foot of contact length. (96:1-$.2) and lock, barricade, or otherwise secure all windows, doors, and other openings in the building to prohibit entry by unauthorized 3-10.$ Hoods, grease removal devices, fans, ducts, and other persons. appurtenances shall be cleaned to bare metal at frequent intervals pn%r to surfaces becoming heavily contaminated with grease or oily Exception: This section shall not app~ to vacation or resort facilities or sludge. After the exhaust system is cleaned to bare metal, it shall not buildings used on a seasonal basis or the temporary vacancy of a building for be coated with powder or other substance. The system shall be tenant change or remodding purposes. inspected at least every six months. (96:8-3.1) 3-8.2 Buildings that are vacant shall maintain all required sprinklers 3-10.4 Flammable solvents or other flammable cleaning aids shall and standpipe systems in service. not be used. (9¢:8-3.2) Exception: As approved by the authority having jurisdiction. 3-10.5 At the start of the cleaning process, electrical switches that could be accidentally activated shall be locked out. (96:8-3.3)
358 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
3-10.6 Care shall be taken not to apply cleaning chemicals on fusible 3-12.2.2 LPG containers, hose, regulators, and burners shall links or other detection devices of the automatic extinguishing conform to the specifications in NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and system. (96:8-3.5) Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. 3-10.7 When cleaning procedures are completed, all electrical 3-12.2.3 LPG cylinders shall be secured to prevent accidental switches and system components shall be returned to an operable tipover. state. All access panels (doors) and cover plates shall be replaced. Dampers and diffusers shall be positioned for proper airflow. (96:8- 3-12.2.4 LPG cylinders, hose, regulators, and burners shall conform 3.6) to the requirements found elsewhere in this Code. 3-10.8 Deep fat fryers shall be equipped with a separate high limit 3-12.2.5 Regulators shall be required on any cylinders. control in addition to the adjustable operating control (thermostat) to shut offfuel or energy when the fat temperature reaches 475°F 3-12.2.6 Where, in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction, (246°C), 1 in. (25.4 mm) below the surface. (96:9-2) there is danger of physical damage to the container, adequate protection shall he provided. 3-10.9 Food preparation facilities protected in accordance with Section 6-3 shall not be required to have openings protected 3-12.2.7 LPG containers for roofing kettles shall not be used in any between food preparation areas and dining areas. Where domestic building. cooking equipment is used for food warming or limited cooking, protection or segregation of food preparation facilities shall not be 3-12.3 Maintenance. required. 3-12.3.1 Roofing kettles and all integral working parts shall be in 3-11 Combustible Waste and Refuse. good working condition and shall be maintained fi'ee of excessive residue. 3-11.1 No person owning or having control of any property shall allow any combustible waste material to accumulate in any area or in 3-12.3.2 All piping used for pumping heated material to the roof any manner to create a fire hazard to life or property. shall be installed in a manner to prevent loss of heated material.
3-11.2 Combustible waste or refuse shall be properly stored or 3-12.3.3 Flexible steel piping shall not be used on the vertical disposed of to prevent unsafe conditions. extension of piping systems. 3-11.3 Fire extinguishing capabilities approved by the authority 3-12.3.4 Flexible steel piping shall be limited to those connections having jurisdiction shall be provided at waste disposal sites including, that are immediately adjacent to the pump kettle or discharge but not limited to, fire extinguishers, water supply and hose, and outlet. No single length of flexible piping shall exceed 6 ft (1.8 m) in earth-moving equipment. length, and all piping shall be able to withstand a pressure of at least four times the working pressure of the pump. 3-11.4 Burning debris shall not be dumped at a waste disposal site except at a remote location on the site where fire extinguishment 3-12.3.5 All roofing kettles shall have doors permanently attached. can be accomplished before compacting, covering, or other disposal Doors shall be installed in a workmanlike manner and shall be activity is carried out. rovided with handles to provide opening without the operator ~ aving to stand in front of same. 3-11.5 Vehicles or conveyances used to transport combustible waste or refuse over public thoroughfares shall have all cargo space 3-12.3.6 All kettles shall have an approved working visible tempera- covered and maintained sufficientiy tight enough to ensure against ture gauge that indicates the temperature of the material being ignition from external fire sources and scattering burning and heated. combustible debris that can come in contact witla ignition sources.. Transporting burning waste or refuse shall be prohibited. 3-12.3.7 All kettle doors shall be tightly closed and latched when in transit. 3-12 Tar Kettles. 3-12.4 Construction. The materials and methods of construction of 3-12.1 General. roofing kettles shall be acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- tion. The following are minimum requirements: 3-12.1.1 The provisions of this section shall apply to any type of equipment, including, but not limited to, chassis-mounted equip- (a) This section shall apply to all roofing kettles or tar pots in ment used for preheating or heating tar, asphalt, pitch, or similar excess of 1-gal (3.785-L) capacity. substances for roofs, floors, pipes, or similar objects. (b) No roofing kettle shall have a capacity in excess of five barrels. 3-12.1.2 Permit required. (See Section 1-15.) (c) Roofing kettles of two-barrel capacity or less shall be con- 3-12.1.3 Operating kettles shall notbe located inside of, or on the structed of steel sheet having a thickness of not less than 0.105 in. roof of, any building. (No. 12 Manufacturers' Standard Gage), and kettles of more than two-barrel capacity shall be constructed of steel sheet having a 3-12.1.4 The kettle shall be operated in a controlled area. The area thickness of not less than 0.155 in. (No. 10 Manufacturers' Standard shall be identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers, and other Gage). suitable means as approved by the authority having jurisdiction. All supports, corners, and the top and bottom of the fire box shall 3-12.1.5 An operating kettle shall be attended by a minimum of one be bound with angle iron or other reinforcements approved by the employee knowledgeable of the operations and hazards. The authority havingjurisdiction. All doors shall be hinged, closely fitted, employee shall be within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the kettle and have the and adequately latched. Fire boxes shall be of sufficient height from kettle within sight. the ground or provided with a system of shields or insulation to prevent heat damage to the street surface. 3-12.1.6 Two approved, 20:BC fire extinguishers shall be provided and malntainedwithin 25 ft (7.6 m) of the operating kettle. Fire (d) Lids that can be gravity operated shall be provided on all extinguishers shall he mounted in an accessible and visible or roofing kettles. The tops and covers of all kettles shall be con- identified location. structed of steel sheet having a thickness of not less than 0.075 in. (No. 14 Manufacturers' Standard Gage), close fitting, and attached 3-12.1.7 Roofing kettles shall not block exits, means of egress, gates, to the kettle with hinges in a manner allowing for gravity closing of roadways, or entrances. And in no case shall kettles be closer than 10 the lid. ft (3.1 m) fi'om exits or means of egress. (e) The chassis shall be substantially constructed and capable of 3-12.2 Fuel System. carrying the load imposed upon it whether standing still or being transported. 3-12.2.1 Fuel containers shall be constructed and approved for the use for which they were designed. (f) Fuel containers, burners, and related appurtenances of roofing kettles in which liquefied petroleum gas is used for heating shall comply with all the requirements of NFPA 58. 359 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
(g) Fuel containers that operate under air pressure shall not 6-2.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. exceed 20 gal (75.7 L) in capacity and shall be subject to the approval of the authority havingjurisdiction. 6-2.2.1 A standpipe system installed in accordance with this Code shall be properly maintained to provide at least the same level of (h) All fuel containers shall be maintained in accordance with the performance and protection as designed. The owner shall be licable NFPA codes and standards or at least 10 ft (3.05 m) from responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good ~tPePburner flame or at least 2 ft (0.61 m) therefrom when properly working condition. insulated from heat or flame. 6-2.2.2 A standpipe system installed in accordance with this Code 3-13 Christmas Trees. shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing. and Maintenance of Water-Based 3-13.1 Natural cut Christmas trees shall not be permitted in Fire Protection Systems. assembly, educational, health care, residential board and care, detention and correctional, mercantile, hotel, or dormitory 6-2.2.3 Where an existing standpipe system, including yard piping occupancies. and fire department connection, is modified, the ne~?pipings-halI be tested in accordance with 8-4.1 of NFPA 14. (14:8-4.3) Exception No. i: Living trees in a balled condition with their roots protected by an earth ball shall be permitted provided they are maintained in afresh 6-3 Extinguishing Systems for Commercial Cooking Equipment. condition and are not allowed to become dry. 6-3.1 General. Exception No. 2: Trees located in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 6-3.1.1 The design, installation, protection, and maintenance of exhaust system components including hoods, grease removal 3-13.2 Arfifidal Chrismaas trees shall be labeled or otherwise devices, exhaust ducts, dampers, air moving devices, auxiliary identified or certified by the manufacturer as being "flame retar- equipment, and fire extinguishing equipment for the exhaust system dam" or "flame resistive." and the cooking equipment in commercial, industrial, insttutional, and similar cooldng applications shall be in accordance with this 3-15.$ No Christmas trees shall be allowed to obstruct corridors, exit section and NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection ways, or other means of egress. of Commerdal Cooking Operations. 3-13.4 Only listed electrical lights and wiring shall be used on E .x.x.x~tlon: Existing installations shall bepermitted to be continued in service Christmas trees and similar decorations. subject to the approval of the authori 0 having jurisdiction. 3-13.5 Electrical lights shall be prohibited on metal artificial trees. 6-$.1.2 Prior to installation, shop drawings shall be reviewed and approved by the authority havin~gjurisdiction. (See Section 1-15for 3-15.6 Open flames such as from candles, lanterns, kerosene permits required.) heaters, and gas fired heaters shall not be located on or near Christmas trees or other similar combustible materials. 6-3.2 Where Required. 3-15.7 Natural cut Christmas trees shall not be located near heating 6-3.2.1 Approved fire extinguishing equipment shall be provided for vents or other fixed or portable heating devices that could cause thk the protection of grease removal d~vic~s,-hoods, and duct systems. tree to dry out prematurely or to be ignited. Exception No. 1: If acceptable to the autho~ty havingjudsdiaion, the 3-13.8 In occupandes where natural trees are permitted, the bottom portion, of the fi re extin*gutishing .system for the of grease, removal end of the trudk shall be cut off at an angle at [east 1 in. to 2 in. (25 devw.es and hoods shall be perm~tted to be ormtted where all cooking mm to 51 ram) above the end to help the tree absorb water. The equipment is served by a listed exhaust hood containing a constant orfire- tree shall be placed in a suitable stand with adequate water. The actuated water system and where such water system is listed to extinguish a water level shall be checked and maintained on'a daily basis. The fire in grease removal device* and hoods and does not adversely affect the tree shall be removed from the building immediately upon evidence operation of the fire extingui~hlng system for the duct and cooking equipment. of dryness. Chapter 4 Means Of Egress Exception No. 2: If acceptable to the authori 0 havingjuriediction, the portion of the fire extinguishing system for the protection of the duct system 4-1 Application. Means of egress in new and existing buildings shall shall be permitted to be omitted where all the cooking equipment is served by a comply with this Code and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. listed exhaust hood, with or without damper, with constant or fire-actuated water system and where such water system is listed to extinguish a fire in the Chapter 5 Fire Safety Construction Features duct system. (96:%1.1) 5-1 General Requirements. ~Fire safety construction features for new 6-3.2.2 Cooking equipment (such as deep fat fryers, ranges, and existing occupancies shall comply with this Code and the griddles, and broilers) that might bea source of ignition of grease in referenced edition of NFPA 101. the hood, grease removal device, or duct shall be protected by approved extinguishing equipment. (96:%1.2) Chapter 6 Fire Protection Systems and Equipment 6-3.3 Types of Equipment. 6-1 General Requirements. 6-3.3.1 Fire extinguishing equipment shall include both fixed 6-1.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to automatic fire extinguishing systems and portable fire extinguishers. require that shop drawings for all fire protection systems be (96:7-2.1) submitted for review and approval and a permit be issued for installation, rehabilitation, or modification. For additional informa- 6-3.3.2 Fixed automatic fire extinguishing systems required by 6- tion concerning shop drawings, see Section 1-17. Further, the 3.3.1 shall he either: authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the authority's (a) Automatic fire extinguishing systems specifically listed for the presence prior to final system certification. hazard and installed in accordance with the terms of their listing, the manufacturer's instructions, and NFPA 17, Standard for Dry 6-1.2 The property owner shall be responsible for the proper testing Chemical Extinguishing Systems, or NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chemical and maintenance of the equipment and systems. Extinguishing Syster~, or (b) Other automatic fire extinguishing systems installed in 6-1.3 Detailed records documenting all systems and equipment compliance with the provisions of the following standards, where testing and maintenance shall be kept by the property owner. These apphcable: records shall be made available upon request for review by the authority having jurisdiction. NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems 6-2 Standpipe Systems. NFPA 13, Standard for the lnstallation of Sprinkler Systems 6-2.1 General. The design and installation of standpipe systems NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Deluge Foam-Water Slninkler shall be in accordance with this section and NFPA 14, Standard for the and Foam-Water Spray Systems - Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. NFPA 17, Standard forD 0 Chemical Extinguishing Systems. (96:7-2.2) 360 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
6-3.4 Operating Requirements. 6-4.1.1 Where provided, fire pumps shall be installed and main- tained in accordance with this section and NFPA 20, Standard for the 6-3.4.1 Fixed pipe extinguishing equipment shall be installed to Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps. conform with the requirements of 6-3.4.1.1 through 6-3.4.1.3. (96:% 3.1) Es~tion: Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in service t to the appr~al of the authori 0 hailing jurisdiction. 6-3.4.1.1 A readily accessible means for manual activation of the fire extinguishing system shall be provided in a path of exit or egress and 6-4.1.2 See Section 1-15 for permits required. shall be clearly identified. Such means shall be mechanical and shall 6-4.1.$ The horizontal split-case pump in horizontal or vertical not rely on electrical power for actuation. position, end-suction aria close-coupled vertical in-line pumps shall not be used where a static suction lift is involved. (20:3-1.2) Exception No. I: A sprinkler system shall not require manual activation. 6-4.1.4 Suitable means shall be provided for maintaining the Exception No. 2: Electrical power shall be permitted to be used for manual temperature of a pump room or pump house, where required, activation of the system if a-reserve power ~upp 0 is provided. (96:%3.1.1) above 40°F (5°C). (20:2-7.2) 6-3.4.1.2 Fixed pipe extinguishing systems in a single hazard area 6-4.1.5 Temperature of the pump room, pumphouse or area where (see Section 1-2for Pne definit~n of Single Hazard Area) shall be arranged diesel engines are installed shall never be-less than the minimum for simultaneous automatic operation upon actuation of any one of recommended by the engine manufacturer. The engine the systems. manufacturer's recommendations for water heaters and oil heaters shall be followed. (20:8-6.5) Exception No. 1: Where the fixed pipe extinguishing system is an automatic sprinkler system. 6-4.1.6 Drivers for fire pumps shall be either electric motors, diesel engines, or steam turbines. Exception No. 2: A dry or wet chemical system shall be permitted to be used to protect common exhaust ductwork by one of the methodd specified in NFPA 6-4.1.7 Dual driver pump units shall not be used. 17, Standard for Dry Chemical Extmguishing Systems, or NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems, in lieu of simultaneous Exception: Installations made prior to adoption of NFPA 20, 1974 edition. automatic operation. (96:%3.1.2) 6-4.1.8 Firepumps shall be arranged to start automatically by 6-$.4.1.3 The operation of any extinguishing system shall automati- methods outlinedin NFPA 20. cally shut off all sources of fuel and heat to all equipment requiring protection by that extinguishing system. Any gas-appliance not 6-4.2 Workspace. requiring protection but -ocated under the sam- e vehtilating equipment shall also be shut off. All shutdown devices shall-be 6-4.2.1 At least one entrance 24 in. (61 cm) wide and 6 1/2 ft (2 m) considered integralparts of the system and shall function with the high shall be provided to give access to the work space around system .po eration. . This. equipment shall be of the. type that requires electric equipment. manual resetting prior to fuel or power restorataon. 6-4.2.2 There shall be a minimum of 30 in. (76.2 cm) work space in Exception: Steam supplied from an external source. (96:%3.1.3) front of the electric equipment requiring examination, adjusmaent, servicing, or maintenance. 6-3.5 Operating Procedures. 6-4.2.3 Working space shall not be used for storage. 6-3.5.1 Exhaust systems shall be operated during all periods of cooking. (96:8-1.1) 64.2.4 Illumination shall be provided for all working spaces around electric equipment requiring servicing, examination, or adjustment. 6-3.5.2 Filter-equipped exhaust systems shall not be operated with filters removed. (96:8-1.2) 64.2.5 Provision shall be made for ventilation of a pump room or pump house. 6-5.5.3 Openings provided for replacing air exhausted through ventilating equipment shall not be restricted by covers, dampers, or 64.2.6 Floors shall be pitched for adequate drainage of escaping any other means that would reduce the operating efficiency of the water or fuel away from critical equipm-ent such as the pump,- drfver, exhaust system. (96:8-1.3) controller, fuel tank, etc. - - - - 6-3.5.4 Instructions for manually operating the fire extinguishing 64.3 Diesel Drive Pumps. system shall beposted conspicuously in thtkitchen and shall be - reviewed periodically with employees by the management. (96:8-1.4) 64.3.1 General. 6-3.5.5 Listed exhaust hoods shall be operated in accordance with 64.3.1.1 Engines shall be connected to horizontal shaft pumps by the terms of their listings and the manufacturer's instructions. (96:8- means of a flexible coupling of a design that has been successfully 1.5) proven in such service. They shall be connected to vertical shaft pumps by means of a right anglegear drive with suitable universal 6-3.6 Inspection, Tesdng, and Maintenance. joints. The service factor used shall be conservatively selected for the maximum horsepower,rating of the pum, ping unit being equal to or 6-3.6.1 An inspection and servicing of the fire extinguishing system greater than the coupling manufacturer s recommended factor for and listed exhaust hoods containing a constant or fire-actuated water the intended service. Th~ angle of deflection for the flexible system shall be made at least every 6months by properly trained and connecting shaft shall not exceed the maximum recommended by qualified persons. (96:82.1) the manufacturer for the speed and horsepower transmitted. 6-3.6.1.1 All actuation components, including remote manual_pull Exception: Diesel engines and steam turbines designed and listed for vertical stations, mechanical or electrical devices, detectors, actuators, tire- installation with vertical shaft turbine-~pe pumps may employ solid s~_ fls actuated dampers, etc., shall be checked for proper operation and do not require a right angle drive but do require a nonreverse ratch£'t. during the inspection in accordance with the manufacturer's listed (20:8-2.3.1) procedures. In addition to these requirements, the specific inspection requirements of the applicable NFPA standard shall also 64.3.1.2 Number and Capacity of Batteries. Each engine shall be be followed. (96:8-2.1.1) provided with two storage-battery unilz. 6-3.6.1.2 Fusible links (including fusible links on fire-actuated Each battery unit ~hall have capacity, at 40°F (4.5°C), sufficient to damper assemblies) and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced maintain cranking speed recommended by the engine manufacturer at least annually, or more frequently if necessary, to ensure proper through a f-minute cycle (15 seconds cranking and15 seconds rest, operation of the system. Othtr detection devices shall be servic/~d or in 12 consecutive cycles). (20:8-2.6.1) replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 6-4.3.1.3 Storage batteries shall be rack supported above the floor, Exception: Where automatic bulb-Ope sprinklers or spra~ nozzles are used and secured against displacement, and located where they will not be annizal examination shows no builduIJ of grease or bthbr material on the subject to excessive temperature, vibration, mechanical injury, or sprinkler or spray nozzles. (96:8-2.1.2) --- flooding with water. They shall be readily accessible for servicing. (20:8-2.6.5) 64 Fn'e Pumps. 6-4.1 General.
361 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
6-4.3.2 Fuel Supply and Arrangement. mance and protection as designed. The owner shall be responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good working 64.3.2.1 Fuel supply tank(s) shall have a capacity at least equal to 1 condition. gai per horsepower (5.07 L/kW) ,plus 5 percent volume for expansion and 5 percent volume for sump. Larger capacity tanks 6-4.6.2 Afire pump installed in accordance with this Code shall be may be required and shall be determined by prevailing conditions inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, such as refill cycle and fuel heating due to recirculation and be Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire subject to special conditions in each case. The fuel supply tank and Protection Systems. fuel shall be reserved exclusively for the fire pump diesel engine. (20:8-4.3) 6-4.6.3 Annual Tests.
6-4.3.2.2 There shall be a separate fuel line and separate fuel supply 6-4.6.3.1 An annual test of each pump assembly shall be conducted tank for each engine. (20:8-4.4) under minimum, rated, and peak flows of the fire pump by controlling the quantity of water discharged through approved test 6-4.3.2.3 Diesel fuel supply tanks shall be located aboveground in devices. This test shall be conducted as described in 6-4.6.3.1 (a), (b), accordance with municipal or other ordinances and in accordance or (c). with the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction and shall not be buried. The engine fuel supply (suction) connection shall be Exception: If available suction supplies do not allowflowing of l5O percent located on the tank so that 5 percent of the tank volume provides a of the rated pump cap_aci,y, thefire purap shall be operated at maximum sump volume not usable by the engine. The fuel supply shall be allowable discharge. This reduced capaciO shall not constitute a located on a side of the tank at the level of the 5 percent sump noncompliant test. volume. The inlet of the fuel supply line shall be located so that its (a) Use of the pump discharge via the hose streams;pump suction opening is no lower than the level of the engine fuel transfer pump. and discharge pressures and tile flow measurements of eacfi hose The engine manufacturer's fuel pump static head pressure limits stream shall determine the total pump output. must not be exceeded when the level of fuel in the tank is at a maximum. The fuel return line shall be installed per the engine NOTE: Care should be taken to prevent water damage by manufacturer's recommendation in zones where freezing (32°F) verifying there is adequate drainage for the high pressure water (0°C) may be encountered, the fuel tanks shall be located in the discharge from hoses. pump room. Means other than sight tubes shall be provided for determining the amount of fuel in each storage tank. Each tank shall (b) Use of the pump discharge via the bypass flow meter to drain have suitable fill, drain, and vent connections. (20:8-4.5) or suction the reservoir; pump suction and-discharge~ressures and the flow meter measurements shall determine the total pump 64.4 Controllers. output. 64.4.1 Controllers shall be located as close as is practical to the (c) Use of the pump discharge via the bypass flow meter to pump suction (closed-loop metering)-; pump suction and discharge ~.~ines they control and shall be within sight of the engines. (20:9- pressures and the flow meter measurements shall determine the total pump output. 64.4.2 Controllers shall be so located or so protected that they will Where the annual test is conducted periodically in accordance with not be injured by water escaping from pumps or pump connections. 6-4.6.3.1 (c), a test shall be conducted every three years in accor- Current-carrying parts of c.ontrollers shall be not less than 12 in. dance with 6-4.6.3.1 (a) or (b) in lieu of the method described in 6- (305 mm) above the floor level. (20:9-2.2) 4.6.3.1(c). 64.4.3 When the pump room is not constantly attended, audible or Where 6-4.6.$.1(b) or (c) is used, the flow meter shall be adjusted visual alarms powered by a source other than the engine startin~g immediately prior to conducting the test in accordance with the batteries, and not exceeding 125 volts, shall be provided at a point of manufacturer's instructions. If the test results are not consistent with constant attendance. These alarms shall indicate the following: the previous annual test, 6-4.6.3.1 (a) shall be used. If testing in accordance with 6-4.6.3.1 (a) is not possible, a flow meter calibration (a) Engine running (separate signal). shall be performed and the test shall be repeated. (25:5-3.3.1)
(b) The controller main switch has been turned to "off' or 6-4.6.3.2 The pertinent visual observations, measurements, and "manual" position (separate signal). adjustments specified in Table 6-4.6.3.2 shall be conducted while the pump is running and flowing water under the specified output (c) Trouble on the controller or engine (separate or common condition.) signals). (20:9-4.2) Table 64.6.3.2 Annual Test Procedure 6-4.5 I~eld Acceptance Tests.
64.5.1 The pump manufacturer, the engine manufacturer (when At No-Flow Condition (Churn) supplied), the controller manufacturer, the transfer switch manufac- (Conduct this test first) turer (when supplied), or their representative shall be present for the field acceptance test. (20:11-2.1) Check circulation relief valve for operation to discharge water ( see 9-5. 4 of NFPA 25) 64.5.2 A copy of the manufacturer's certified pump test characteris- Check pressure relief valve (if installed) for proper operation tic curve shall be available for comparison of results of field (see 9-5.4 of NFPA 25) acceptance test. The fire pump as installed shall equal the perfor- Continue test for 1/2 hour mance as indicated on the manufacturer's certified shop test characteristic curve within the accuracy limits of the test equipment. At Each Flow Condition (20:11-2.3) Record electric motor voltage and current (all lines) 64.5.3 The fire pump shall perform at minimum, rated, andpeak Record pump speed in rpm loads without objectionable overheating of any component. (20:11- Record simultaneous (approximately) readings of pump suction 2.4) and discharge pressures and pump discharge flow Observe operation of any alarm indicators or any visible 64.5.4 Vibrations of the fire pump assembly shall not be of a abnormalities (see 9-5.4.1.1 of NFPA 25) magnitude to warrant potential damage to any fire pump compo- (25:5-3.s.2) nent. (20:11-2.5) 6-4.6.$.3 For installations having a device installed to control 6-4.5.5 Field acceptance tests shall be conducted in accordance with minimum suction pressure by throttling action, low suction pressure NFPA 20. on the device (below set minimum value) shall be simulated while pumping at the rated flow. Throttling action shall be observed for 6-4.6 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. any abnormality (e.g., cavitation, pressure surges, failure to throttle). The slmulated low suction pressure on the device shall be removed 6-4.6.1 Afire pump installed in accordance with this Code shall be and throttling action again shall be observed for any abnormality as properly maintained to provide at least the same level of perfor- the pump returns to fult flow.(~:5-3.3.3)
362 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
6-4.6.3.4 For installations having an automatic transfer switch, the of one of the fire test standards and one of the appropriate following test shall be performed to ensure that the overcurrent performance standards shown below protective devices (fuses or circuit breakers) do not open. Normal power failure shall be simulated while the pump is delivering peak (a) Fire Test Standards: ANSI/UL 711, CAN 4-$508-M83. power output to cause connection of the pump motor to the (b) Performance Standards: alternate power source. The pump's peak power output shall be restored (if necessary). The stmulated normal power failure 1. Carbon Dioxide Types: ANSI/UL 154, CAN 4-$503-M83 condition then shall be removed, which, after a time delay, shall cause the reconnection of the pump motor to the normal power 2. Dry Chemical Types: ANSI/UL 299, ULG-S504 source. (25:5-3.3.4) 3. Water Types: ANSI/UL 626, CAN 4-$507-M83 6-4.6.3.5 Alarm conditions shall be simulated by activating alarm circuits at alarm sensor locations, and all such local or remote alarm 4. Halon Types: ANSI/UL 1093, ULC-S512 indicating devices (visual and audible) shall be observed for operation. (25:5-3.3.5) 5. Film Forming Foam Types: ANSI/UL 8. (10:1-4.3) 6-4.6.4 Other Tests. 6-6.1.2 Special Definitions. Class A Fires. Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as 6-4.6.4.1 Engine generator sets supplying emergency or standby wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. (10:1-3) power to fire pump assemblies shall be tested routinely in accor- dance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Class B Fires. Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-base Systems. (25:5-3.4.1) paints, lacquers, and flammable gases. (10:1-3) 6-4.6.4.2 Automatic transfer switches shall be tested routinely and Class C Fireg Fires that involve energized electrical equipment exercised in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergeno3 and where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of Standby Power Systems. (25:5-3.~ importance. (When electrical equipment is deenergized, extinguish- 6-4.6.4.3 Tests of appropriate environmental pump room space ers for Class A or B fires may be used safely.) (10:1-3) conditions shall be made (e.g., heating, ventilation, illumination) to Class D Fires. Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, ensure proper manual or automatic operation of the associated titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. (10:1-3) equipment. (25:5-3.4.3) 6-6.1.3" Classification o f Hazards. 6-4.6.5 Test Results and Evaluation. 6-6.1.3.1 Light (Low) Hazard. Light hazard occupancies are 6-4.6.5.1 The interpretation of the test results shall be the basis of locations where the total amount of Class A combustible materials, the determination of adequacy of the pump assembly. Such interpretation shall be made by those skilled in such matters. (25:5- including furnishings, decorations, and contents, is of minor quantity. This may include some buildings or rooms occupied as 3.5.1) offices, classrooms, churches, assembly hails, guest room areas of 6-4.6.5.2 The pump test curve shall be compared to the unadjusted hotels/motels, etc. This classification anticipates that the majority of content items are either noncombustible or so arranged that a fire is field acceptance test curve and the previous annual test curve(s). not likely to spread rapidly. Small amounts of Class B flammables Theoretical factors for correction to the rated speed shall not be applied where determining the compliance of the pump per the test. used for duplicating machines, art departments, etc., are included provided that they are kept in closed containers and safely stored. (25:5-3.5.2) (10:1-5.1) 6-4.6.5.3 Current and voltage readings whose product does not 6-6.1.3.2 Ordinary (Moderate) Hazard. Ordinary hazard occupan- exceed the product of the rated voltage and rated full-load current multiplied by the permitted motor service factor shall be considered cies are locations where the total amount of Class A combustibles and Class B flammables are present in greater amounts than acceptable. Voltage readings at the motor within 5 percent below or expected under light (low) hazard occupancies. These occupancies 10 percent above the rated (nameplate) voltage shall be considered could consist of offices, classrooms, mercantile shops and allied acceptable. (25:5-3.5.3) storage, light manufacturing, research operations, auto showrooms, parking garages, workshop or support service areas of light (low) 64.6.5.4 The pump shall be capable of supplying the maximum hazard occupancies, and warehouses containing Class I or Class II system demand. (25:5-3.5'.4) commodities as defined by NFPA 231, Standard for General Storag~ (10:1-5.2) 6-5 Water Supply. 6-6.1.3.3 Extra (High) Hazard. Extra hazard occupancies are 6-5.1 Private fire service mains shall be installed in accordance with locations where the total amount of Class A combustibles and Class NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and B flammables present, in storage, production use, and/or finished Their Appurtenances. product, is over and above those expected and classed as ordinary (moderate) hazards. These occupancies could consist of woodwork- 6-5.2 Where no piped water supply exists, the requirements of NFPA ing, vehicle repair, aircraft and boat servicing, cooking areas, 1231, Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fightin~ individual product display showrooms, product convention center shall apply. displays, and storage and manufacturing processes such as painting, 6-5.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. dipping, coating, including flammable liquid handling. Also included is warehousing of or in-process storage of other than Class I and Class II commodities. 00:1-5.3) 6-5.$.1 A private fire service main installed in accordance with this Code shallbe properly maintained to provide at least the same level 6-6.1.4 Specific Requirements for All Extinguishers. of performance and protection as designed. The owner shall be responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good 6-6.1.4.1 The classification of extinguishers shall consist of a working condition. LETTER that indicates the class of fire on which an extinguisher has been found to be effective, preceded by a rating NUMERAL (Class A 6-5.5.2 A private fire service main installed in accordance with this and B only) that indicates the relative extinguishing effectiveness. Code shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, Standard for the lnspection, Testin~ and Maintenance of Water- Exception: Extinguishers classified for use on Class CorD hazards shall not Based Fire Protection Systems. be required to have a numeral preceding the classification/etter. (10:1-6.1 ) 6-6 Portable Fire Extinguishers. 6-6.1.4.2 Portable extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition and kept in their designatedplaces 6-6.1 General Requirements. at aiFtimes when they are not being used. (10:1-6.2) 6-6.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers used to comply with this standard 6-6.1.4.3 Extinguishers shall be conspicuously located where they shall be listed and labeled and meet or exceed all the requirements will be readily accessible and immediately avm'lable in the event of fire. Preferably they shall be located along normal paths of travel, including exits from areas. (10:1-6.3) 363 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
6-6.1.4.4 Cabinets housing extinguishers shall not be locked. 6-6.2.1.2 Use of halogenated agent fire extinguishers shall be limited to applications where a clean agent is necessary to extinguish Exception.- Where extinguishers are subject to malicious use, locked cabinets fire efficientfy without damaging the equipment or area being may-be used provided they include means of emergency access. (10:1-6.5) protected, or where the use of alternate agents can cause a hazard to personnel in the area. 6-6.1.4.5 Extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from Exee~tion." Halo~enated agent types of extinguishers installed beforeJanuary view. 1, 1991. (10:2-I.-1) Exception: In large rooms, and in certain locations where visual obstruction 6-6.2.2 Selection by Hazard. canhot be complet~ avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the location. (10:1-6.6) 6-6.2.2.1 Fire extinguishers shall be selected for the specific class(es) of hazards to be protected in accordance with 6-6.2.2.2 through 6- 6-6.1.4.6 Extinguishers shall be installed on the hangers or in the 6.2.2.5. (10:2-2.1) brackets supplied, mounted in cabinets, or set on shelves unless the extinguishers are of the wheeled type. (10:1-6.7) 6-6.2.2.2 Fire extinguishers for protecting Class A hazards shall be selected from the following: water-type, h~logenated agent type, and 6-6.1.4.7 Portable fire extinguishers other than wheeled types shall multi-purpose d rychemica'l. (Forhidongenate'dagent-Opeextinguishers, be securely installed on the hanger or in the bracket supplfed, see 6-K..2.1.2.) (10:2-2.1.1) placed in cabinets or wall recesses. The hanger or bracket shall be ~ecurely and properly anchored to the mounting surface in 6-6.2.2.3 Fire extinguishers for protection of Class B hazards shall be selected from the following: aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), film accordance w]th-the manufacturer's instructions. Wheeled-type fire forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP), carbon dioxide z dry chemical _ extinguishers shall be located in a designated location. (10:1-6.8) types, and halogenated agent types. (For halongenated agent-~pe ex~nguishers, see 6-6. 2.1. 2.~ (10.'2"-2.1.2) 6-6.1.4.8 Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to physi-cal damage shall be protected from impact. (10:1- 6-6.2.2.4 Fire extinguishers for protection of Class C hazards shall 6.9) be selected from the following:, carbon dioxide and ~ chemical types. (For halogenated agent-~e fire extinguishers, see 6-6.2.1.2.) 6-6.1.4.9 Extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding40 Ib (18.14 kg) shal[be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not NOTE: Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers equipped with metal more than 5 ft (1.53 m) above the floor. Extinguishers having a gross horns are not considered safe for use on fires in energized weight greater than 40 lb (18.14 kg) (except wheeled types) shall be electrical equipment and, therefore, are not classified-for use on so instaIled that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 3 1/2 ft Class C hazarffs. (10:2-2.1.3) (1.07 m) above the floor. In no case shall the clearance between the 6-6.2.2.5 Fire extinguishers and extinguishing agents for the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor be less than 4 in. (10.2 protection of Class D hazards shall be of types approved for use on cm). (10:1-6.10) the specific combustible-metal hazard. (10:2-2.1.4) 6-6.1.4.10 Operating instructions shall be located on the front of the 6-6.3 Distribution of Extinguishers. extinguisher. Other]abels and markings shall not be placed on the front. 6-6.3.1 General. Exception: In addition to manufacturers' labels, other labels that specifiT.all3 6-6.3.1.1 Fire extinguishers shall be provided.where required byothis relate to operation, classification, or warning information shall be permitted Code and the reference codes and standarOs listea in t~napter ~. on the front. (10:1-6.11) 6-6.3.1.2 .Required building protection shall be provided by fire 6-6.1.4.11 Fire extinguishers mounted in cabinets or wall recesses or extinguishers suitable for Class A fires. (10:3-1.2.1) set on shelves shall be placed in a manner such that the extinguisher operating instructions face outward. The location of such extmguish- 6-6.3.1.3 .Occupancy hazard protection shall be provided by fire ebs shall De marked conspicuously. (10:1-6.12) extinguishers suitable for such Class A, B, C, or Dfire potentials as may 15e present. (10:3-1.2.2) 6-6.1.4.12 Where extinguishers are installed in closed cabinets that 6-6.3.1.4 On each floor level, the area protected and the travel are exposed to elevated temperatures, cabinets shall be provided distances are based on extinguishers installed in accordance with with screened openings and drains. (10:!-6.13) Tables 6-6.3.2.1 and 6-6.3.3.1-(10:3-1.4) 6-6.1.4.13 Water-type (water, AFFF, FFFP) fire extinguishers shall 6-6.3.2 Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class A Hazards. not be installed in areas where the temperatures are outside the range of 40°F to 120°F (4°C to 49°C). All other types shall not be 6-6.$.2.1 Minimal sizes of fire extinguishers for the listed grades of instSlled in areas where temperatures are outside the range of-40°F hazards shall beprovided on the basis of Table 6-6.3.2.1 except as to 120°F (-40°C to 49°C). Fire extinguishers shall not be exposed to modified by 6-6.3.2.4. Extinguishers shall be located so that the temperatures outside of the range shown on the fire extinguisher maximum travel distances shall not exceed those specified in Table label. 6-6.3.2.1, except as modified by 6-6.3.2.4. (10:3-2.1) Exception No. 1: Wherefire extinguishers are installed in locations subject to Table 6-6.3.2.1 temperatures outside these ranges, they shall be of a type approved and listed for-the temperature to which tKeJ are exp.osed, or they mus-t be placed in an Light Ordinary Extra enclosure capable of maintaining the stipulated range of temperatures. (Low) (Medium) (High) Hazard Hazard Hazard Exception No. 2: Fire extinguishers containing plain water only can be Occupancy Occupancy Occupancy protected to temperatures as low as -40°F(-40°C) by the addition of an Minimum rated antifreeze stipulated on the fire extinguisher nameplate, Calcium chloride single 2-A*** 2-A 4-A* solutions shall not be used in stainless steelfire extinguishers. exUnguisher
Excep tion No ..3" Some fire extin~o ishers are approved or listed for use at Maximum floor temperatures as low as -65°F (-54~C). (10:1-6.14) area per 3,000 ft2 1,500 ft 2 1,000 ft2 unit of A 6-6.1.4.14 An extinguisher instruction manual shall be provided to the owner or an agent giving condensed instructions and cautions Maximum floor necessary to the installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance area for 11,250 ft2 11,250 ft 2 11,250 ft2 of the extinguisher(s). The manual shall refer to NFPA 10 as a extinguisher source of detailed instruction. (I0:1-6.15) Maximum travel 6-6.2 Selection of Extinguishers. distance to 75 ft 75 ft 75 ft extin~isher 6-6.2.1 General. * Two 2 l/2-gal (9.46-L) wa.ter-type extinguishers can be 6-6.2.1.1 The selection of extinguishers for a given situation shall be used to fulfill the requirements of one 4-A rated extinguisher. determined by the character of the fires anticipated, the construc- ** See Appendix E-3-3 of NFPA 10. tion and occupancy of the individual property, the vehicle or hazard *** Up to two water type extinguishers each with 1-A rating to be protected, ambient-temperature conditions, and other factors. can be used to fulfill the requirements of one 2-A rated The number, size, placement, and limitations of use of extinguishers extinguisher for Light (low) Hazard Occupancies. required shall meet the requirements of this section. (10:2-1) For SI Units: 1 ft = 0.305 m; 1 ft 2= 0.0929 m 2. 364 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
6-6.3.2.2 Certain smaller extinguishers that are charged with 6-6.3.4.2 For flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth, a Class multipurpose dry chemical, or Halon 1211, or Halon 1211/1301 are B fire extinguisher shall be provided on the basis of at least 2 rated on Class B and Class C fires, but have insufficient effectiveness nt~erical units of Class B extinguishing potential per sq ft (0.0929 to earn the minimum 1-A rating even though they have value in m ) of flammable liquid surface of the largest hazard area. (For fires extinguishing smaller Class A fires. They shall not be used to meet involving cooking grease or water soluble flammable liquids, see 2- the requirements of 6-6.3.2.1. (10:3-2.1.1) 3.2 and 2-3.4 of NFPA 10.)
6-6.3.2.3 Up to one-half of the complement of extinguishers as Exception: AFFF- or FFFP-typefire extinguishers may be provided on the basis specified in Table 6-6.3.2.1 may be replaced by uniformly spaced 1 of l-B of protection per sq fl of hazard. ('10:3-4.2) 1/2-in. (3.81-cm) hose stations for use by the occupants of the building. Where hose stations are so provided, they shall conform to 6-6.3.4.3 Two or more fire extinguishers of lower ratings shall not NFP A 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. be used in lieu of the fire extinguisher required for the largest hazard area. The location of hose stations and the placement of fire extinguishers shall be such that the hose stations do not replace more than every Exception: Up to three AFFF or FFFPfire extinguishers may be used to fulfill other extinguisher. (10:3-2.2) the requirements provided the sum of the Class B ratings meets or exceeds the value-required for the largest hazara area, (10:34.3) - 6-6.3.2.4 Where the floor area of a building is less than that specified in Table 6-6.3.2.1, at least one extinguisher of the 6-6.3.4.4 Travel distances for portable extinguishers shall not minimum size recommended shall be provided. (10:3-2.3) exceed 50 ft (15.25 m). (10:3-~.4) 6-6.3.2.5 The protection requirements may be fulfilled with 6-6.3.4.5 Scattered or widely separated hazards shall be individually extinguishers of higher rating provided the travel distance to such protected. An extinguisher in the proximity of a hazard shall be larger extinguishers shall not exceed 75 ft (22.7 m). (10:3-2.4) carefully located to be accessible in the presence of a fire without undue danger to the operator. (10:3-4.4.1) 6-6.3.3 Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class B Fires Other than for Fires in Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth. 6-6.3.5 Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class C Hazards.
6-6.3.3.1 Minimal sizes of fire extinguishers for the listed grades of 6-6.3.5.1 * Extinguishers with Class C ratings shall be required where hazard shall be provided on the basis of Table 6-6.3.3.1. Extinguish- energized electrical equipment may be encountered that would ers shall be located so that the maximum travel distances shall not require a nonconducting extinguishing medium. This will include exceed those specified in the table used. fire either directly involving or surrounding electrical equipment. Since the fire itself is a Class A or Class B hazard, the extinguishers Exception: Extinguishers of lesser rating, desired for small specific hazards are sized and located on the basis of the anticipated Class A or B within the general hazard area, may be used, but shall not be considered as hazard. (10:3-5) fulfilling any part of the requirements of Table 6-6.3.3.1. (10:3-3.1) 6-6.3.6 Size and Placement for Class D Hazards.
Table 6-6.3.3.1 6-6.3.6.1 Extinguishers or extinguishing agents with Class D ratings shall be provided for fires involving combustible metals. (10:3-6.1) Basic Minimum Maximum Travel Type of Hazard Extinguisher Distance to 6-6.3.6.2 Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents (media) shall be Rating Extinguishers located not more than 75 ft (23 m) travel distance from the Class D (ft) (m) hazard. ( See Appendix E-6 of NFPA 10.) (10:3-6.2) Light (low) 5-B 30 9.15 10-B 50 15.25 6-6.3.6.3 Size determination shall be on the basis of the specific Ordinary (moderate) 10-B 30 9.15 combustible metal, its physical particle size, area to be covered, and 20-B 50 15.25 recommendations by the extinguisher manufacturer on data from Extra (high) 40-B 30 9.15 control tests conducted. (10:3-6.4) 80-B 50 15.25 NOTE 1: The specified ratings do not imply that fires of 6-6.4 Inspection, Maintenance, and Recharging. the magnitudes indicated by these ratings will occur, but rather to give the operators more time and agent to handle 6-6.4.1 General. difficult spill fires that may occur. NOTE 2: For fires involving water-soluble flammable 6-6.4.1.1 The owner or designated agent of a property in which liquids, see 2-3.4 of NFPA 10. extinguishers are located shall be responsible for such inspection, NOTE 3: For specific hazard applications, see Section 2-3 maintenance, and recharging. (10:4-1.3) of NFPA 10. 6-6.4.1.2 Maintenance, servicing, and recharging shall be performed by trained persons having available the appropriate servicing 6-6.3.3.2 Two or more fire extinguishers of lower rating shall not be manual(s), the proper types of tools, recharge materials, lubricants, used to fulfill the protection requirements of Table 6-6.3.3.1. and manufacturer's recommended replacement parts or parts specifically listed for use in the extinguisher. (10:4-1.4) Exception No. 1: Up to three AFFF or FFFPfire extinguishers of at least 2 I/ 2-gal (9.46-L) capacity may be used to fulfill extra (high) hazard require- 6-6.4.1.3 Extinguishers shall be inspected when initiallyplaced in rv~,~ts. service and thereafter at approximately 30-day intervals. Extinguish- ers shall be inspected at more frequent intervals when circumstances Exception No. 2: Two AFFF or FFFPfire extinguishers of at least 1 1/2-gal require. (10:4-3.1) (6-L ) capacity may be used to fulfill ordinary (moderate) hazard require- merits. (10:3-3.2) 6-6.4.2 Maintenance.
6-6.3.3.3 The protection requirements may be fulfilled with 6-6.4.2,1 Fire extinguishers shall be subjected to maintenance not extinguishers of ratings provided the travel distance to such larger more than one year apart, at the time of hydrostatic test, or when extinguishers shall not exceed 50 ft (15.25 m). (10:3-3.3) specifically indicated by an inspection. (10:4-4.1)
6-6.3.4* Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class B Fires in 6-6.4.2,2 Fire extinguishers removed from service for maintenance Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth. or recharge shall be replaced by a fire extinguisher suitable for the type of hazard being protected and of at least equal rating. (10:4- 6-6.3.4.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall not be installed as the sole 4.1.5) tgfrOtection for flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth eater th~n 1/4 in. (0.64 cm) ] where the surface area exceeds 10 6-6.4.2,3* Each fire extinguisher shall have a tag or label securely (0.93 m~). attached that indicates the month and year the maintenance was performed and that identifies the person performing the service. Exception: Where personnel who are trained in extinguishingfires in the protected hazards, or a counterpart, are availtrble on thegpremises, the NOTE: Under special circumstances or when local requirements maximum surface area shall not exceed 20 ft~ (1.86 m-). (10:3-4.1) are in effect, additional information may be desirable or required. (10:44.3) 365 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
6-6.4.2.4 All rechargeable-type extinguishers shall be recharged Chapter 7 Automatic Sprinkler Systems after any use or as indicated by an inspection or when performing maintenance. (10:4-5.1.1) 7-1 Where Required. 6-6.4.2.5 Hydrostatic testing shall be performed by persons trained 7-1.1" Automatic sprinklers shall be installed and maintained in full in pressure testing procedures and safeguards and having available operating condition, as specified for the occupancy involved in the suitable testing equipment, facilities, and appropriate servicing codes or standards listed in Chapter 43. Installations shall be in manual(s). 410:5-1.2) accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler ~NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in 6-6.4.2.6 If, at any time, an extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion tlal Occupancies up to and Induding Four Stories in Heigh~ or or mechanical injury, it shall be hydrostatically tested. NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-FamiODwellings and Manufactured Homes, as appropriate. Exception No. I: Pump tanks. 7-~.2 Basement areas of new occupancies exceeding 2500 ft2(232.3 Exception No. 2: Nonrechargeablefire extinguishers other than halogenated m') shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic agent types shall be discharged and discarde~L sprinkler system. Exception No. 3: Nonrechargeablehalagenated agent Ope extinguishers. 7-1.3 High Rise Buildings. (10:5.1.8) 7-1.3.1 New high rise buildings shall be protected throughout by an 6-6.4.2.7 Examination of Cylinder Conditioti. Where a fire approved, automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this extinguisher cylinder or shell has one or more conditions listed in chapter. this subdivision, it shall not be hydrostatically tested, hut shall be destroyed by the owner or at his or her direction: 7-1.8.2" Existing high rise buildings shall be protected throughout by an approved, automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this Ca) Where there exist repairs by soldering, welding, brazing, or use chapter and 7-1.8.2.1 and 7-].3.2.2 below. of patching compounds. 7-1.8.2.1 Each building owner shall, within 180 days of receiving NOTE: For welding or brazing on mild steel shells, consult the notice, file an intent to comply with this regulation with the manufacturer of the fire extinguisher. authority havlngjurisdiction for approval. The authority having jurisdiction shall review and respond to the intent to comply (b) Where the cylinder or shell threads are damaged. submittal within 60 days of receipt.
(c) Where there is corrosion that has caused pitting, including 7-1.8.2.2 The entire building shall be required to be protecte.d by an pitting under a removable nameplate or nameband assembly. approved, automatic sprinkler system within 12 years of adoption of this Code. (d) Where the fire extinguisher has been burned in a fire. 7-2 General. (e) Where a calcium chloride type of extinguishing agent was used in a stainless steel fire extinguisher. 7-2.1 The authority havingjurisdiction shall have the authority to require that shop drawings for all fire protection systems he (f) Where the shell is of copper or brass construction joined by soft submitted for review and approval and a permit be issued for solder or rivets. installation, rehabilitation, or modification. For additional informa- tion concerning shop drawings, see Section 1-17. Further, the (g) All inverting-type fire extinguishers, except wheeled type. authority havingjurisdiction shall have the authority to require that full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the authority's (h) Where a fire extinguisher has been used for any purpose other presence prior to final system certification. than that of a fire extinguisher. (10:5-1.3) 7-2.2 Water Supply. Sprinkler piping serving not more than six 6-7* Other Fire Suppression Systems. There are other fire sprinklers for any isolated hazardous area shall be permitted to be suppression systems that may be used as suitable for their a!~plica- connected directly to a domestic water supply system having a 9 tions. The standards noted in Table 6-7 govern the installauon and capacity sufficient to provide 0.15 gpm per sq ft (6.1 L/min/m ~) of use of these systems. floor area throughout the entire endosed area. An indicating shut- off valve shall be installed in an accessible location between the Exception: Existing installations raay be continued in service subpct to the and the connection to the domestic water supply. (101:7- approval of the authority havingjudsdiction. .2) 7-2.3 Valves on connections to water supplies, sectional control Table 6-7 valves, and other valves in supply pipes to sprinklers shall be supervised open by one of the following methods: Type of System NFPA Standard (a) Central station, proprietary, or remote station signaling service. Low Expansion Foam Systems NFPA 11 (b) Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an Medium- and High-Expansion Foam NFPA 11A audible signal at a constantly attended point. Systems Carbon Dioxide Systems NFPA 12 (c) Valves locked in the open position. Halon 1301 Systems NFPA 12A nklers in One- and Two- Family NFPA 13D (d) Valves located within fenced enclosures under the control of ~ph~ellings and Manufactured Homes the owner, sealed in the open position, and inspected weekly as part Sprinklers in Residential NFPA 13R of an approved procedure. Occupancies Upto and Including Four Stories in Height Floor control valves in high rise buildings and valves controlling flow Water Spray Systems NFPA 15 to sprinklers in circulating closed loop systems shall comply with (a) or (b) above. Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler and NFPA 16 Foam-Water Spray Systems Exception: Supervision of underground gate valves with roadway boxes shall Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems NFPA 17 not be requirer (13:4-6.1.1.3) Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems NFPA 17A 7-3 System Selection. 7-3.1 Where portions of systems are subject to fi'eezing and temperatures cannot reliably be maintained at or above 40°F (4°C), sprinklers shall be installed as a dry pipe or preaction system.
366 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
Exception: Small unheated areas are permitted to be protected by antifreeze (c) For protected facilities having over 1000 sprinklers - not less systems or by other systems spedfical!y listedfor this purpose. (See 3-5.2 of than 24 sprinklers. (25:2-4.1.5) NFPA 13.) (13:4-6.4.1.1) 7-5.7 Sprinklers protecting spray coating areas shall be protected 7-3.2 Where water-filled supply pipes, risers, system risers, or feed against overspray residue. Sprinklers subject to overspray accumula- mains pass through open areas, cold rooms, passageways, or other tions shall be protected using plastic bags having a maximum areas exposed to freezing, the pipe shall be protected against thickness of O.003 in. (0.076 ram) or with small paper bags. freezing by insulating coverings, frostproof casings, or other reliable Coverings shall be replaced when deposits or residue accumulate. means capable of maintaining a minimum temperature of 40°F (25:2-4.1.7) (4°C). (13:4-6.4.1.2) 7-5.8 Sprinklers shall not be altered in any respect or have any type 7-3.3 Dry Pipe Systems. of ornamentation, paint, or coatings applied after shipment flom the place of manufacture. (25:2-4.1.8) 7-3.3.1 The dry pipe valve and supply pipe shall be protected against freezing and mechanical injury. (13.'3-2.5.1) 7-5.9 Sprinklers and automatic spray nozzles used for protecting commercial-type cooking equipment and ventilating systems shall be 7-3.3.2 Valve rooms shall be lighted and heated. The source of heat replaced annually. shall be of a permanently installed type. Heat tape shall not be used in lieu of heated valve enclosures to protect the dry pipe valve and Exception: Where automatic bulb-#ype ~b~cinklersor spray nozzles are used and supply pipe against freezing. (13:3-2.5.2) annual examination shows no buildup of grease or other material on the sprinklers or spray nozzles, such sprinklers and spray nozzles shall not be 7-4 Operating Procedures. All automatic sprinkler systems shall be required to be replaced. (25:2-4.1.9) continuously maintained in a reliable operating condition at all times, and such periodic inspections and tests shall be made as are 7-5.10 Dry Pipe Systems. Dry pipe systems shall be maintained dry necessary to ensure proper maintenance. When an automatic at all times. sprinkler system is out of service for more than four hours within a 24-hour period, the building shall be evacuated, or an approved fire Exception: During nonfreezing weather, a dry pipe system shall be permitted to watch shall be provided for all portions left unprotected by the be left wet if the only other option is to remove the system from service while sprinkler system shutdown until the sprinkler system has been waitingfor parts or during repair activities. (25:2-4.2) returned to service. 7-5.10.1 Air driers shall be maintained in accordance with the 7-5 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. manufacturer's instructions. (25:2-4.2.1)
7-5.1 A sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Code shall 7-5.10.2 Compressors used in conjunction with dry-pipe sprinkler be properly maintained to provide at least the same level of systems shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's performance and protection as designed. The owner shall be instructions. (25:2-4.2.2) responsible for maintaining the system and keeping it in good working condition. 7-5.11 Where maintenance or repair requires the replacement of rinkler system components affecting more than 20 sprinklers, 7-5.2 A sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Code shall ~ ose components shall be installed and tested in accordance with be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. (25:2-4.3) Standard for the Inspection, Testin& and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. Chapter 8 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems 7-5.3 To avoid false alarms where a supervisory,service is provided, 8-1 General. the alarm receiving facility always shall be notified by the owner or designated representative as follows: 8-1.1 Where building fire alarm systems are required by other sections of this Code, they shall be provided in accordance with this (a) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result in chapter and NFPA 72, NationalFire Alarm Code. d~e activation of an alarm, and Exception: Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in use (b) After such tests or procedures are concluded.(25:2-1.2) subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.
7-5.4 Annually, prior to the onset of freezing weather, buildings with 8-1.2 Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, wet pipe systems shall be inspected to verify that windows, skylights, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is doors, ventilators, other openings and closures, blind spaces, unused required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such attics, stair towers, roof houses, and low spaces under buildings fro device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of not expose water-filled sprinkler piping to freezing and that protection, or other feature shall be thereafter perrnanendy adequate heat [minimum 40°F (4.4°C)] is available.(25:2-2.5) maintained unless the Code exempts such maintenance. (101:31- 1.3.1) 7-5.5 Waterflow alarm devices including, but not limited to, mechanical water motor gongs, vane-type waterflow devices, and 8-1.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to pressure switches that provide audible or visual signals shall be tested require that shop drawings for all fire protection systems be quarterly. (25:2-3.3) submitted for review and approval and a permit be issued for installation, rehabilitation, or modification. For additional informa- 7-5.6 A supply of spare sprinklers (never less than six) shall be tion concerning shop drawings, see Section 1-17. Further, the stored in a cabinet on the premises for replacement purposes. The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that stock of spare sprinklers shall be proportionally representative of the full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the authority's types and temperature ratings of the system sprinklers. A minimum presence prior to final system certification. of two sprinklers of each type and temperature rating installed shall be provided. The cabinet shall be so located that it will not be 8-2 Fire Alarm Systems. exposed to moisture, dust, corrosion, or a temperature exceeding 100°F (38°C). 8-2.1 Introduction. Exception-.. Where dry sprinklers, of di~erent lengths are installed, . t~s are dry 8-2.1.1 Where required by this Code or the referenced codes and sprinklers shall not be reqmred, provided that a means of returning the system standards listed in Chapter 43, fire alarm systems shall provide for to service is furnished. (25:2-4.1.4) one or more of the following: 7-5.6.1 The stock of spare sprinklers shall be as follows: (a) Manual alarm signal initiation, (a) For protected facilities having not over 300 sprinklers - not less (b) Automatic alarm signal initiation, than six sprinklers (c) Monitoring of abnormal conditions in fire suppression systems, (b) For protected facilities having 300 to 1000 sprinklers - not less than 12 sprinklers (d) Activation offire suppression systems,
367 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
(e) Activation of fire safety functions, 8-2.4 Central Station Fire Alarm Systems. It shall be conspicuously indicated by the prime contractor (see Chapter 4) that the fire alarm (f) Activations of alarm notification appliances, system providing service at a protected premises complies with all applicable requirements of this code by providing a means of (g) Emergency voice/alarm communications, verification as specified in either 8-2.4.1.1 or 8-2.4.1.2 (72:1-7.2.3)
(h) Guard's tour supervisory service, 8-2.4.1 The installation shall be certificated. (72:1-7.2.3)
(i) Process monitoring supervisory systems, 8-2.4.1.1 Central station fire alarm systems providing service that (j) Activation of off-premises signals, complies with all requirements of this code shall be certificated by the organization that has listed the prime contractor, and a (k) Combination systems, document attesting to this certification shall be located on or near the fire alarm system control unit or, if no control unit exists, on or (l) Integrated systems. (72:3-3) near a fire alarm system component. (72:1-7.2.3.1.1) 8-2.1.2 Fire alarm systems serving two or more zones shall identify 8-2.4.1.2 A central repository of issued certification documents, the zone of origin of the alarm initiation by annunciation or coded accessible to the authority having jurisdiction, shall be maintained by signal. (72:1-5.7.1.2) the organization that has listed the central station. (72:1-7.2.3.1.2) 8-2.1.3 A device or system havingmaterials or forms different from 8-2.4.2 The installation shall be placarded. (72:1-7.2.3.2) those detailed in NFPA 72 shaUbe permitted to be examined and tested according to the intent of NFPA 72 and, if found equivalent, 8-2.4.2.1 Central station fire alarm systems providing service that shall be approved. (72:1-3.2) complies with all requirements of this code shall be conspicuously marked by the prime contractor to indicate compliance. The 8-2.1.4 All initiating devices, notification appliances, and control marking shall be by one or more securely affLxed placards. (72:1- equipment constructed and installed in conformity with NFPA 72 7.2.3.2.i) shall be listed for the purpose for which they are intended. (72:1- 5.~.1) 8-2.4.2.2 The placard(s) shall be 20 in. 2 (130 cm 2) or larger, shall be located on or near the fire alarm system control unit or, if no 8-2.1.5 All detection devices that receive their power from the control unit exists, on or near a fire alarm system component, and initiating device circuit or signaling line circuit of a fire alarm shall identify the central station and, if applicable, the prime control unit shall be listed for use with the control unit. (72:1-5.3.2) contractor by name and telephone number. (72:1-7.2.3.2.2)
8-2.2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. 8-2.5 Automatic Fire Detection and Alatm~ Service.
8-2.2.1 Certificate of Completion. A certificate (seeFigure 1-Z2.1 of 8-2.5.1 Automatic fire detectors shall be located, maintained and NFPA 72) shall be preparedfor each system. Parts 1, 2, and 4 tested in accordance with NFPA 72. through 10 shall be completed after the system is installed and the installation wiring has been checked, Part 3 shall be completed after 8-2.5.2 Automatic alarm initiating devices having integral trouble the operational acceptance tests have been completed. A prelimi- contacts shall be wired on the initiating device circuit so that a nary copy of the certificate shall be given to the system owner and, trouble condition within a device does not impair the alarm when requested, to other authorities having jurisdiction after transmission from any other initiating device. (72:3-8.2.2) completion of the installation wiring tests, and a final copy after completion of the operational acceptance tests. (72:1-7.2.1) NOTE: Though a trouble signal is required when a plug-in initiating device is removed from its base, it is not considered as 8-2.2.2 Testing. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the a trouble condition within the device and the requirement of 8- schedules in Table 8-2.2.2 or more frequendy where required by the 2.5.3 shall not apply. authority having jurisdiction. Where automatic testingisperformed at least weekly by a remotely monitored fire alarm control unit 8-2.5.3 Systems equipped with alarm verification features shall be specifically listed for the application, the manual testing frequency permitted, provided: shall be permitted to be extended t O annually. (See Table 8-2.2.2) (a) A smoke detector continuously subjected to a smoke concen- Exception: Devices in areas that are inacceesiblefor safely considerations, tration above alarm threshold magnitude initiates a system alarm such as continuous process operations, shall be tested during scheduled within one minute. shutdowns at intervals approved by the authod 0 having jurisdiction. (72:7- 3.2) (b) Actuation of an alarm initiating device other than a smoke detector shall cause a system alarm signal within 15 sec. (72:3-8.2.3) 8-2.3 Free Alarm Boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be used only for fire alarm-initiating purposes. However, combination manual 8-2.5.4 Where individual alarm initiating devices are used to control fire alarm boxes and guard's signaling stations shall be permitted. the operation of equipment as permitted by 1-5.4.1 of NFPA 72, this (72:5-9.1) control capability shall remain operable even if all of the initiating devices connected to the same ct~rcnit are in an alarm state. (72:3- 8-2.3.1 Each manual box shall be securely mounted. The operable 8.2.4) part of each manual fire alarm box shall be not less than 3 172 ft (1.1 m) and not more than 4 1/2 ft (1.$7 m) above floor level. (72:5- 8-2.5.5 Systems that require the operation of two automatic 9.1.1) detection devices to initiate the alarm response shall be permitted, provided: 8-2.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes shall be distributed throughout the protected area so that they are unobstructed, readily accessible, and (a) Theyare not prohibited by the authority having jurisdiction. located in the normal path of exit from the area as follows: (b) There are at least two automatic detection devices in each (a) At least one manual fire alarm box shall be provided on each protected space. floor. (c) Automatic detection device area spacing is no more than one- (b) Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided so that half that determined by the application of Chapter 5 of NFPA 72. travel distance to the nearest fire alarm box will not be in excess of 200 ft (61 m) measured horizontally on the same floor. (d) The alarm verification feature is not used. (72:3-8.2.5) (c) For systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow 8-2.6 Waterflow Alarm Service. detection devices, at least on the manual fire alarm box shall be provided to initiate a fire alarm signal. This manual fire alarm box 8-2.6.1 A dry-pipe sprinkler system equipped for water flow alarm shall be located where required by the authority having jurisdiction. signaling shall be supervised for off-normal system air pressure. (72:5-9.1.2) (72:3-8.7.4) 8-2.6.2 Automatic fire suppression system alarm and supervisory
368 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Table 8-2.2J~ Te~izq F~ei~
7-Z.2 dNFPA 72 lait~t, Moatldy Qmmedy Semlmm, An, ~eream
I. Alarm Notific~on Appliances ]4 a. Aud~le Devices X X b. Speakers X X c. Visible Devices X X
2. ]~.~..'ies -- Cmb"al 5mtloa Facilities a. Lead-Acid Type 6h l. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 rain.) X X $. Load Voltage Test X X 4. Specific Gravity X X b. Nickel-Cadmium Type 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 min.) X X S. Load Voltage Test X X c. Sealed Lead-Acid Type X X ¢xl I. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 min.) X X $. Load Voltage Test X X $. Bmt....ies ~ Ftm Alarm Sysh.m= a. Lead-Acid Type 6b I. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 rain.) X X 3. Load Voltage Test X X 4. Specific Gravity X X b. Nickel-Cadmium Type 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (30 min.) X X 3. Load Voltage Test X X c. Primary Type (Dry Cell) 6a 1. Load Voltage Test X X d. Sealed Lead-Acid Type 6d 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery every 4 years.) 2. Discharge Test (30 min.) X X 3. Load Voltage Test X X 4. B~t~ies m Public Fh'e Alarm Reporfiag Systems X (DAILY) Voltage tests in aecordaace with NFPA 72, Table 7-2.2, Public gqmrtlng System Tests, lmragraplm (a) - (f).
a. Lead-Acid Type 6b 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (2 hours) X X 3. Load Voltage Test X X 4. Specific Gravity X X b. Nickel-Cadmium Type 6c I. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (2 hours) X X 3. Load Voltage Test X X c. Sealed Lead-Acid Type 6d 1. Charger Test X X (Replace battery as needed.) 2. Discharge Test (2 hours) X X 3. Load Voltage Test X X 5. Conductors/Metallic X 11 6. Conductors/Nonmemllic X 12
369 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Table 8-2.2.2 Testing Frequencies (cont.)
Table 7-2.2 d NFPA 72 lait./Reaccl~ Monthly Quarterly Semleaa..tram, Reference
7. Control Equipment: Fare Alarm Systenm Moaitored for Alarm, Supervisory, Trouble Signals 1, 7 and 16 a. Functions X X b. Fuses X X c. Interfaced Equipment X X d. Lamps and LEDs X X e. Primary (Main) Power Supply X X L Transponders X X 8. Control Equipment: F'me Alarm Systems Uamoaitored for s-pe.hory, Trouble si~ a. Functions X X b. Fuses X X c. Interfaced Equipment X X d. Lamps and LEDs X X e. Primary (Main) Power Supply X X f. Transponders X X 9. Control Ualt Trouble Sigmdm X X 9 1O. Emergeacy Voice/Alarm Communications Equipment X X 17 11. Eagine-Driven Generator X (WEEKLY) 12. Fiber Optic Cable Power X X 19 15. 6uald'J Tour Equipment X X l~ ~eseq De,kes 13
a. Duct Detectors X X b. Electromechanical Releasing Device X X c. Extinguishing System Switches X X d. Fire-Gas and Other Detectors X X e. Heat Detectors X X L Fire Alarm Boxes X X g. Radiant Energy Fire Detectors X X h. Smoke Detectors - Functional X X i. Smoke Detectors - Sensitivity (Sa 7-3.2.1 of NFPA 72.) j. Supervisory Signal Devices X X k. Waterflow Devices X X 15. Interface Equipment X X 18 le. Off-Premises Transmission Equipment X X 17. Remote Pmnuadators X X 10 18. Retnmamlasion Equipment X (See 7-3.4 of NFPA 72.) 19. Special Hma~ F.~luipmeat X X 15 20. Spechd Procedurm x X 20 21. System and Recelviag Equipment -- Off-Premises 16 a. Operational 1. Functional- All X X 2. Transmitters -- WF & Supervisory X X 3. Transmitters -- All Others X X 4. Receivers X X b. Standby Loading -- All Receivers X X c. Standby Power 1. Receivers -- All X X 2. Tranmfitters -- All X X d. Telephone Line -- All Receivers X X e. Telephone Line- All Transmitters X X NOTE: For testing addreuable and analog descn%ed devices, which are normally affixed to either a single molded assembly or twist lock type affixed to a base, TESTING SHALL BE DONE UTILIZING THE SIGNALING STYLE CIRCUITS (Styles 0.5 through 7).
370 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
signal initiating devices and their circuits shall be so designed and 8-2.7.4 The occurrence of a wire-to-wire short circuit fault on any installed that they cannot be readily tampered with, opened, or alarm notification appliance circuit shall result in a trouble signal at removed. .with°ut initiatin g a signal. This. provision specifically the protected premises. mcludesjunction boxes installed outside of buildings to facilitate access to the initiating device circuit. (72:3-8.11.1) Exception No. 1: A circuit employed to pro_duce a supplementary local alarm signal provided that the occurrence of a short drouit on the circuit in no way 8-2.6.3 The number ofwaterflow switches permitted to be con- affects the required operation of the fire alarm system. nected to a single initiating device circuit shall not exceed five. Exception No. 2: The circuit of an alarm notification appliance installed in (72:3-8.6.3) the ~ame room with the centraI control equipment, provigled that the notifw, ation appliance circuit conductors are installed in conduit or 8-2.6.4 The number of supervisory devices permitted to be equivalentO [riotected against mechanical injury. connected to a single initiating device circuit shall not exceed 20. (72:3-8.7.1.2) Etx~ihintiOnNo. 3: Central station circuits serving notification appliances a centralstation. (72:1-5.8.4) 8-2.6.5 Provisions shall be made to indicate the flow of water in a sprinkler system by an alarm signal within 90 sec after flow of water 8-2.8 Power Source. Fire alarm systems shall be provided with at at the alarm-initiating device equal to or greater than that from a least two independent and reliable power supplies, one primary and single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system. one secondary (standby), each of which shalIbe of adequate capacity Movement of water due to waste, surges, or variable pressure shall for the application. not be indicated. (72:5-7.2) Edition No. 1: Where the primary power is supplied by a dedicated branch 8-2.7 Monitoring for Integrity. rcuit of an emergency system in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electricizl Code, A-~de 700, or a legalt~ required standby system in 8-2.7.1 All means of interconnectingequipment, devices, and accordance with NFPA 70, NationaI Elevt~,al Code, Article 701, a appliances and wiring connections shall be monitored for the secondary supply is not required. integrity of the interconnecting conductors or equivalent path so Exception No. 2: Where the p'timary power is _suppliedby a dedicated branch that the occurrence of a single open or a single ground fault circuit ofanoptional standby system in accordanoe withNFPA 70, National condition in the installation conductors or other signaling channels Electrical Cod-e, Article 702, which also meets the performance requirements of and their restoration to normal shall be automatically indicated Article 700 or Article 701, a secondary supply is not required. within 200 seconds. Note to Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2: A trouble signal is not required NOTE: The provisions of a double loop or other multiple path where oflerating power is being supplied by either of the two sources of conductor or circuit to avoid electrical monitoring shalInot be power indicated in Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2 abov~ if they are capable acceptable. -ofproviding the hours df operation required by 1-5.2.5 "ofNFPA 72 and ~.~ of pTj'nfirrypower is-otherwise indicated (~.g., by loss of building Exception No. I: SOles of initiating device circuits, signal__'ngline circuits, light,rig). and notification appliance circuits tabulated in Tables 3-5.1~, 3-6.1, and 3- Z 1 of NFPA 72 thitt do not have an "X" under ~Trouble'for the abnormal Where dc vol _tages are employed theyshall be limited to no more con~tion indicated. - - than 350 volts above earth ground. (72:1-5.2.3). Exception No. 2: Shorts between conductors, except as required by 1-5.8.3, 1- 8-3 Automatic Fire Detectors. 5.8.4-, 1-5.8.5.2, Tables3-5.1, 3-6.1, and 3-Z1 of NFPA 72, are not covered by NFPA 72. 8-3.1 Special Def'mltions.
Exception No. 3: A noninterfering shunt circuit, provided that a fault circuit Air Sampllng-Type Detector. A detector that consists of a piping or condition on the shunt circuit wiring results only ~n the loss of the tubing distribution network from the detector to the area(s) to be noninterfering feature of operation. Pthrotected. An aspiration fan in the detector housing draws air from Exception No. 4: Connections to and between _supplementary system e protected area back to the detector through air sampling ports, components, provided that. single open,, ground, or. short cirvtdt conditions of piping, or tubing. At the detector, the air is analyzed for fire the supplementary eqmpment and/or interconnecting means does not affect products. the requ-- ired operati&n of the fire alarm system. Line-Type Detector. A device in which detection is continuous Exception No. 5: The circuit of an alarm notification appliance installed in along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-rise pneumatic tubing the same room with the central control equipmeng provi~l that the detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, and heat-sensitive cable. notification appliance circuit conductors are installed in conduit or equivalent~.y protected against mechanical injury. Spot-Type Detector.. A device.... whose detecting element is concen- trated at a partacular locatton. Typical examples are blmetalhc Exception No. 6." A trouble signal circuit. detectors, fusible alloy detectors, certain pneumatic rate-of-rise detectors, certain smoke detectors, and thermoelectric detectors. Exception No. 7: lnterconnection between equipment within a common (72:1-4). enclosure. NOTE: NFPA 72 does not have jurisdiction over monitoring integrity of 8-3.2 General Requirements. conductors within equipment, devices, or appliances. 8-3.2.1 Before requesting final approval of the installation where Exception No. 8: Interconnection between enolosures containing control required by the authority having jurisdiction the installing contrac- e~ufpment located within 20 fl (6 m) when the conductors are z~nstalledin tor shall furnish a written statement to the effect that the system has conduit or equivalently protected against mechanical injury. been installed in accordance with approved plans and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and the appropri- E~xception No. 9: Conductors for gr.ound detection, where a single ground ate NFPA requirements. (72:1-7.1.2) does not prevent the required nimnad operation of the system. 8-3.3 Installation. Exc. .eption No. l O'. .Central station circuits serving notification appliances unthm a central station. 8-3.3.1 Where subject to mechanical damage, detectors shall be protected. (72:5-1.3.1) Exception No. 11: Pneumatic rate-o_f-risesystems of the continuous line Ope in which the wiring terminals of such devices are connected in multiple across 8-3.3.2 In all cases, detectors shall be supported independently of electrical 0 superoisVed circuits. (72:1-5.8.1) their attachment to the circuit conductors. (72:5-1.3.2) 8-2.7.2 Interconnection means shall be arranged so that a single break or single ground fault will not cause an alarm signal. (7~:1- 8-3.3.3 Detectors shall not be recessed in any way into the mounting 5.8.2) surface, unless they have been tested and listed for such recessed mounting. (72:5-1.3.3) 8-2.7.3 An open, ground, or short circuit fault on the installation conductors of one alarm notification appliance circuit shall not 8-3.3.4 Spot-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling not affect the operation of any other alarm notification circuit. (72:1- less than 4 in. (100 ram) from the side wall or on the side walls 5.8.3) between 4 in. (100 ram) and 12 in. (300 mm) from the ceiling. (See Figure A-5-2.5.1 of NFPA 72.)
371 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Exception No. 1: In the case of solid open joist construction, debtors shall be manufacturer's recommendations for response within 1 rain. mounted at the bottom of thejoists. Precaution should be taken to avoid damage to the nonrestorable fixed-temperature element of a combination rate-of-rise/fixed- Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams are less than 12 temperature element. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.1.) in. (300 ram) in depth and less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on center, detectors may be installed on the bottom of beams. (72:5-2.5.1) 8-3.4.2.2 Fixed-Temperature, Non-restorable Line Type heat detectors shall not be heat tested. Test mechanically and electrically 8-3.3.5 Line-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling or On for function. Measure and record loop resistance. Investigate the side walls not more than 20 in. (500 ram) from the ceiling. changes from acceptance test. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.2.) Exception No. 1: In the case of solid open joist construction, detectors shall be 8-3.4.2.$ Nonrestorable (General) heat detectors, do not heat test. mounted at the bottom of the joists. Test mechanically and electrically for function. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.4.) Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams are less than 12 in. (300 ram) in depth and less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on center, detectors may 8-3.4.2.4 Restorable Line Type, Pneumatic Tube only heat be installed on the bottom of beams. (72:5-2.5.2) detectors, test with heat source (where test chambers are in circuit) or pressure pump. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 d.5.) 8-3.3.6 Spot-type smoke detectors shall be located on the ceiling not less than 4in. (100 mm) from a sidewall to the near edge or, if on a 8-3.4.$ Smoke Detectors. sidewall, between 4 in. (100 ram) and 12 in. (300 mm) down from the ceiling to the top of the detector. (SeeFigureA-5-2.5.1 of NFPA 8-3.4.$.1 The detector shall be tested in place to ensure smoke entry 72.) into the sensing chamber and an alarm response. Testing with smoke or listed aerosol acceptable to the manufacturer, or other Exception No. i: See 5-3.5.1.2 of NFPA 72. means acceptable to the detector manufacturer shall be permitted as an acceptable test method. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 g.1.) Exception No. 2: See 5-3.5.6 of NFPA 72. 8-3.4.3.2 For projected beam-type smoke detectors, the detector Excoption No. 3: See 5-3.5. 7 of NFPA 72. (72:5-3.5.2) shall be tested by introducing smoke, other aerosol, or an optical filter into the beam path. (72:Table 7-2.2, 13 g.4.) 8-3.3.7 To minimize dust contamination of smoke detectors where installed under raised room floors and similar spaces, they shall only be mounted in an orientation for which they have been listed. (See 8-3.4.3.3 A functional test shall be performed on all smoke detectors Figure A-5-3.5.2.1 of NFPA 72.) (72:5-3.5.2.1) upon initial installation, during reacceptance tests and at least annually. (72:Table 7-3.2, 14, h) 8-3.3.8 Projected beam-type smoke detectors (see5-3.3.3.1) shall nohnally be located wtththeir projected beams parallel to the 8-3.4.3.4 Detector sensitivity shall be checked within one year after ceiling and in accordance with the manufacturer's documented installation and every altemate year thereafter. After the second instructions. required calibration test, if sensitivity tests indicate that the detector has remained within its listed and marked sensitivity range, the Exception No. 1: See5-3.5.1.2. of NFPA 72. length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to be extended not to exceed five years. If the frequency is extended, Ea~cepordtionNo. 2: Beams may be installed verticalO or at any angle needed to records of detector-caused unwanted alarms and subsequent trends protection of the hazard involved. (Example: Vertical beams through of these alarms shall be maintained. In zone or in areas where the open shaft area of a stairwell where there is a clear vertical space inside the unwanted alarms show any increase over the previous year, handrails.) (72:5-3.5.3) calibration tests shall be performed.
8-3.3.9 Each sampling port of a sampling-type smoke detector shall To ensure that each smoke detector is within its listed and marked be treated as a spot-type detector for the purpose of location and sensitivity range, it shall be tested using either: spacing. Maximum air sample transport time from the farthest sampling point shall not exceed 120 seconds. (72:5-3.5.4) (a) A calibrated test method, or
8-3.3.10 Detectors shall not be installed until after the construction (b) The manufacturer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, or clean-up of all trades is complete and final. (c) Listed control equipment arranged for the purpose, or Exception: Where required by the authority havlngjurisdiction for protection during construction. (d) A smoke detector/control unit arrangement whereby the detector causes a signal at the control unit where its sensitivity is Detectors that have been installed prior to final clean-up by all outside its acceptable sensitivity range, or trades shall be cleaned or replaced per Chapter 7 of NFPA 72. (72:5- 3.7.1.3) (e) Other calibrated sensitivity test method acceptable to the authority havingjurisdiction. 8-3.3.11 High Air Movement Areas. Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside the listed and marked 8-3.3.11.1 Smoke detectors shaft not be located directiyin the air sensitivity range shall be cleaned and recalihrated or replaced. stream of supply registers. (72:5-3.7.6.2) Exception: Detectors listed as field adjustable may be either adjusted within 8-3.3.11.2 Smoke detector spacing depends upon the movement of the listed and marked sensitivity range, cleaned, and recalibrated, or air within the room (including both supplied and recirculated air), replaced. which can be designated as minutes per air change or air changes per hour. Spacing shall be in accordance with Table 5-3.7.6.3 of The detector sensitivity shall not be tested or measured using any NFPA 72 and Figure 5-3.7.6.3 of NFPA 72. device that administers an unmeasured concentration of smoke or other aerosol into the detector. (72:7-3.2.1) Exception: Air sampling or projected beam snwke detectors installed in accordance with the manufacturer's documented instructions. (72:5- Chapter 9 Assembly Occupancies 3.7.6.3) 9-1 Application. New and existing assembly occupancies shall 8-3.4 Maintenance and Testing. comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. 8-3.4.1 The maintenance and testing schedules and.procedures for 9-2 Operating Features. fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with Chapter 7 of NFPA 72, NationalFireAlarm Cod~ 9-2.1 Drills.
8-3.4.2 Heat Detectors. 9-2.1.1 The employees or attendants of assembly occupancies shall be schooled anddrilled in the duties they are to perform in case of 8-3.4.2.1 Fixed-Temperature and/or Rate-of-Rise or Rate-of- fire, panic, or other emergency in order to effect orderly exiting. Compensation, Restorable Line or Spot Type heat detectors (except (101:31-2.2.1) pneumatic tube) shall be tested with a heat source per
372 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
9-2.1.2 Employees or attendants of assembly occupancies shall be %2.6 Furnishings, Decorations, and Stage Scenery. instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers and other manual fire suppression equipment if provided. (101:31-2.2.2) 9-2.6.1 Where required by the applicable provisions of this chapter, draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging furnishings %2.1.3 In theaters, motionpicture theaters, auditoriums, and other and decorations shall be flame resistant as demonstrated by passing similar Class A and B assembly occupancies where there are both the small- and large-scale tests of NFPA 701, Standard Methods of noncontinuous programs, an audible announcement shall be made Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films. prior to the start of each program to notify occupants of the location of the exits to be used in case of a fire or other emergency. Exception: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junction of the specimen and its homer in the small-scale Exception: AssembO occupancies in schools when used for nonpublic events. tesg the large-scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the (101:31-2.2.3) test selection provisions of NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Filrns. (101:31-1.4.1) %2.3 Open Flame Devices. No open flame devices or pyrotechnic device shall be used in any assembly occupancy. %2.6.2 Furnishings or decorations of an explosive or highly flammable character shall not be used. (101:31-1.4.5) Exception No. 1: Pyrotechnic special effect devices shall be permitted to be used on stages befoi'eproximate audiences for ceremonial or religious 9-2.6.3 Fire retardant coatings shall be maintained to retain the purposes, as part of a-demonstration in exhibits, or as part of a performance, effectiveness of the treatment under service conditions encountered "proVided ade-quat~ precautions satisfactory to the.authorlty hav~ng jurisdic- in actual use. (101:31-1.4.6) -tion are taken to prevent ignition of an~y combustible material and use of the pyrotechnic devic-e complies- with 9--3.2.-6. of NFPA 101. %2.6.4 The authority having jurisdiction shall impose controls on the amount and arrangement of combustible contents in assembly Excep .tion No.. 2": Open flame, devices shall be permitted. .to be used in the occupancies to provide an adequate level of safety to life from fire. fiollowm,g s:tuattons,. . p~,. .ovidedadequate precauttons, sat~s.. ~actor3 to the , (101:9-3.2.7.2) authoriO hawng junsdtction are taken to prevent ignition of any combustible materiat or injury to occupants: %2.6.5 Exposed foamed plastic materials and unprotected materials (a) Where nece,uary for ccremonial or religious purposes. containing foamed plastic used for decorative purposes or stage scenery shall have a maximum heat release rate of 100 kW when (b) On stages and platforms as a necessary part of a performance. tested in accordance with UL 1975, Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes. (c) Where candles on tables are securel~ supported on substantial noncombustible bases and candle flame ~s protected. Exception: Individual foamed plastic items or items containing foamed plastic where the foamed plastic does not exceed 1 lb (0.45 hg) in weigh~ Exception No. 3: Heat-producing equipment complying with 7-2.2. of NFPA (101:9-3.2.7.3) 101. %2.7 Seating. p¢yt o. . Foo ,.iceop.o ,n=ordanccwi,h 4. o: %2.7.1 Seats in assembly occupancies accommodating more than 200 persons shall be securely fastened to the floor except where Exception No. 5: Gas lights shall be permitted to be used provided adequate fastened together in groups of not less than three nor more than precautions...satis~t°ryac to the autho~, ty .havingju" risdiction are taken to prevent ,gmaon of an3 combustible matenals. seven and as permitted by 9-2.7.2. All seats in balconies and galleries (101:9-3.2.5) shall be securely fastened to the floor, except in places of religious worship. (101:31-2.4.1) %2.4 Portable Cooking Equipment. Portable cooking equipment that is not flue-connected shall be permitted only as follows: %2.7.2 Seats not secured to the floor shall be permitted in restau- rants, night clubs, and other occupancies where the fastening of (a) Equipment fueled by small heat sources that can be readily seats to the floor may be impracticable, provided that in the area extingmshed by water, such as candles or alcohol-burning equip- used for seating (excluding dance flog, stage, etc.), there shall be ment (including "solid alcohol"), shall be permitted to be used not more than one seat for each 15 ft (1.4 sq m) of net floor area provided adequate precautions satisfactory to the authority having and adequate aisles to reach exits shall be maintained at all times. jurisdiction are taken to prevent ignition of any combustible materials. Exception: Seating diagrams shall be submitted for approval of the authority havingjurisdiclion to allow an increase in occupant load per 7-I. 7.2 and 9- (b) Candles shall be permitted to be used on tables used for food 1.7.2 of NFPA 101. (101:31-2.4.2) service if securely supported on substantial noncombustible bases located so as to avoid danger of ignition of combustible materials %2.7.3 Every room constituting an assembly occupancy and not and only if approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Candle having fixed seats shall have the occupant load of the room posted flames shall be protected. in a conspicuous place, near the main exit from the room. Approved signs shall be maintained in a legible manner by the owner or (c) "Flaming sword" or other equipment involving open flames authorized agent. Signs shall be durable and shall indicate the and flamed dishes, such as cherriesjubilee or crtpe suzette, shall be number of occupants permitted for each room use. (101:31-2.4.3) permitted provided necessary precautions are taken and subject to the approval of the authority havingjurisdiction. 9-2.8 Projection Room. Unless the projection room is constructed in accordance with NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of (d) Listed and approved LP-Gas commercial food service Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film, there shall be posted on the appliances as permitted by NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and outside of each projection room door, and within the projection Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. (101:9-3.2.4.4) room proper, a conspicuous sign with lqn. (2.5-cm) block letters stating: "SAFETY FILM ONLY PERMITTED IN THIS ROOM." %2.5 Smoking. (101:9-3.2.2.3) %2.5.1 Smoking in assembly occupancies shall be regulated by the %2.9 Clothing. Clothing and personal effects shall not be stored in authority having jurisdiction. (101:31-2.3.1) corridors. 9-2.5.2 In rooms or areas where smoking is prohibited, plainly Exception No. I: C~ridors protected by an automatic sprinkler system in visible "NO SMOKING" signs shall be posted. (101:31-2.~.2) accordance with Section 7-7 of NFPA 101. %2.5.3 No person shall smoke in prohibited areas that are so Exception No. 2: Corridor areas]ffotected by a smoke detection system in posted. accordance with Section 7-6 of NFPA 101. Exception: The authority havingjurisdictlon shall be permitted to allow Exception No. 3: Storage in metal lockers, provided the required egress width smoking on a stage onb/ where it is a necessary and rehearsed part of a is maintained. (101:31-2.5) perforrdance and-only Where the smoker is a regular performirig member of the cast. (101:31-2.3.3) %2.10 Crowd Managers. In Class A assembly occupancies, there %2.5.4 Where smoking is permitted, suitable ashtrays or receptacles shall be trained crowd managers or crowd manager supervisors at a shall be provided in convenient locations. (101:31-2.3.4) ratio of one crowd manager/supervisor for every 250 occupants who 373 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP shall have received approved training in crowd management 10-2.2 Notification. techniques. 10-2.2.1 Wherever any of the school authorities determine that an E tx~hphtion No. 1: Assemb 0 occupancies used exclusiveO for religious worship actual fire exists, they shall immediately call the local fire depart- an occupant load not more than 2, 000. ment using the public fire alarm system or other available facilities. (101:11-3.4.3.3) Exception No. 2: Where in the opinion of the authori 0 having jurisdiction the existence of an approved, supervised sprinkler system and the nature of the 10-2.2.2 All fire exit drill alarms shall be sounded on the fire alarm event warrant, the ratio of trained crowd managers to occupants shall be system. (101:11-3.4.3.4) permitted to be reduced, (101:31-2.1) 10-2.2.3 In order to prevent pupils from being returned to a Chapter 10 Educational Occupancies building that is burning, the recall signal shall be one that is separate and distinct from, and cannot be mistaken for, any other si[gnals. 10-1 Application. New and existing educational occupancies shall Such signal shall be permitted to be given by use of distinctively comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. colored flags or banners. If the recall signal is electrical, the push buttons or other controls shall be kept under lock, the key for which 10-2 Operating Features. shall be in the possession of the principal or some other designated erson in order to prevent a recall at a time when there is an actual 10-2.1 Drills. ~ re. Regardless of the method of recall, the means of giving the signal'shall be kept under a lock. (101:11-3.4.3.5) 10-2.1.1 Fire exit drills shall be conducted regularly in accordance with the applicable provisions of the following paragraphs. (101:31- 10-2.3 Inspection. 3.1.1) 10-2.8.1 "It shall be the duty of principals and teachers to inspect all 10-2.1.2 There shall be at least two fire exit drills held during the exit facilities daily in order to make sure all stairways, doors, and first two weeks of a school term and eight additional fire ~xit drills other exits are in proper condition. (101:31-3.2.1) held during the year. In climates where the weather is severe during the winter months, at least six drills should be held during the 10-2.3.2 Open-plan buildings require extra surveillance to ensure beginning of the school term and four drills held after the winter that exit paths are maintained dear of obstructions and are obvious. months to complete the ten required drills. (101:31-3.1.2) (101:31-3.2.2) 10-2.1.3 Drills shall be executed at different hours of the day or 10-2.4 Furnishings and Decorations. evening; during the changing of classes; when the school is at assembly; during the recess or gymnastic periods; etc., so as to avoid 10-2.4.1 Draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging distinction between drills and actual fires. Ifa drill is called when furnishings as demonstrated by passing both the small- andlarge- pupils are going up or down Stairways, as during the time classes are scale tests of NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame- changing, the pupils shall be instructed to form in file and immedi- Resistant Textiles and Films. ately proceed to the nearest available exit in an orderly manner. (101:31-3.1.3) E~ustion: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing tlon at the junction of the ~Oevimen and its holder in the small-scale 10-2.1.4 Every fire exit drill shall be an exercise in school manage- tes~ the large-scale test shall be t~aidered applicable in accordance with the ment for principal and teachers with the chief purpose of every drill te~t selection provisions ofl-4.2 of NFPA 701. (101:31-1.4.1) being the complete control of the clas~so that the teacher can fqrm its ranks quickly and silently, and may halt, turn, or direct the class as 10-2.4.2 Furnishings or decorations of an explosive or highly desired. Great emphasis shall be put upon the execution of each flammable character shall not be used. (101:31-1.4.5) drill in a brisk, qmet, and orderly manner. Running shall be prohibited. In case there are pupils incapable of holding their places 10-2.4.3 Fire retardant coatings shall be maintained so as to retain in a line moving at a reasonable speed, provisions shall be made to the effectiveness of the treaunent under service conditions encoun- have them taken care of by the more capable pupils, who will keep tered in actual use. (101:31-1.4.6) them from moving independently from the regular line of march. (101:31-3.1.4) 10-2.4.4 Clothing and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and lobbies. 10-2.1.5 Monitors shall be appointed from the more mature pupils to assist in the proper execution of all drills. They shall be instructed Exception: Metal lockers may be installed in corridors for storage of clothing to hold doors open in the line of march or to close doors when and personal effects provided the corridor width is maintainoK (101:31-2.5) necessary to prevent the spread of fire or smoke. There shall be at least two substitutes for each appointment so as to provide for 10-2.4.5 Child-prepared artwork and teaching materials shall be proper performance in case of absence of the regular monitors. The permitted to be attached directly to the walls and shall not exceed 20 searching of toilet or other rooms shall be the duty of teachers or percent of the wall area. (101:31-3.4) other members of the staff. If the teachers are to search, this should be done after theyjoin their classes to the proceeding lines. (101:31- 10-2.5 Unvented Fuel-Fired Heating Equipment. Unvented fuel- 3.1.5) fired heating equipment shall be prohibited in educational occupandes. (101:31-3,9) 10-2.1.6 As all drills simulate an actual fire condition, pupils shall not be allowed to obtain clothing after the alarm has sounded, even when in home rooms, due to the confusion that would result in Chapter 11 Day-Care Occupancies forming the lines and the danger of tripping over dragging apparel. (101:31-3.1.6) 11-1 Application. New and existing day-care occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. 10-2.1.7 Each class or group shall proceed to a predetermined point outside the building and remain there while a check is made tffsee I1-2 General Requirements. Unrented fuel-fired heating equip- that all are accounted for, leaving only when a recall signal is given ment shall be prohibited in all categories of day-care facilities. to return to the building or when dismissed. Such points shall-be sufficiently far away from the building and from each other as to 11-3 Day-Care Centers. avoid danger from any fire in the building, interference with fire department operations, or confusion among different classes or 11-3.1 Classification. This section establishes life safety require- groups. (101:31-3.1.7) ments for day-care centers in which more than 12 clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other than their relative(s) or 10-2.1.8 .Where necessary for drill lines to cross roadways, signs legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hours per day. Theprovisions of reading "STOP! SCHOOL FIRE DRILL," or the equivalent, shall be Sections 11-2 through 11-5 of NFPA 101 shall not apply to day-care carried by monitors to the traffic intersecting points in order to stop centers unless a specific requirement is referenced by Section 11-7 of traffic during the period of the drill. (10h31-3.1.8) NFPA 101. An existing day-care center that meets the requirements of Section 10-7 of NFPA 101 shall be judged as meeting the 10-2.1.9 Fire exit drills in schools shall not include any fire requirements of Section 11-7 of NFPA 101. (101:11-7.1.1.2) extinguishing operations. (101:31-3.1.9)
374 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
11-3.2 Operating Features. Exception.. The movement of infirra or bedddden patients to safe areas or to the exterior of the building shall not be required. (101:31-4.1.2) 11-3.2.1 Fire prevention inspections shall be conducted monthly by a trained senior member of the staff. A copy of the latest inspection 12-2.1.3 Employees of health care facilities shall be instructed in life form shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the da)~care facility. safety procedures and devices. (101:31-4.1.3) (101:31-3.5.1) 12-2.2 Procedure in Case of F'Lre. 11-3.2.2 An approved fire evacuation plan shall be executed not less than once per month. (101:31-3.5.2) 12-2.2.1 For health care occupancies, the proper protection of patients requires the prompt and effective actions of health care 11-3.2.3 Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored in areas personnel. The basic response required of staffshall include the accessible only to designated individuals and as required by NFPA removal of all occupants directly involved with the fire emergency, 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code~ (101:31-3.5.3) transmission of an appropriate fire alarm signal to warn other building occupants, confinement of the effects of the fire by closing 11-3.2.4 Wastebaskets and other waste containers shall be made of doors to isolate the fire area, and the execution of those evacuation noncombustible materials. (101:31-3.5.4) duties as detailed in the facility fire safety plan. (101:31-4.2.1) 11-4 Group Da3~Care Homes. 12-2.2.2 A written facility fire safety plan shall provide for:. 11-4.1 Application. This section establishes life safety requirements (a) Use of alarms for group day-care homes in which at least seven but not more than 12 clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other than (b) Transmission of alarm to fire department their relative(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hours per day (generally within a dwelling unit). The provisions of Sections 11-2 (c) Response to alarms through 11-5 of NFPA 101 shall not apply to group day-care homes unless a specific requirement is referenced by Section 11-8 of NFPA (d) Isolation of fire I01. (101:11-8.1.1.1) (e) Evacuation of area Exception: Facilities that supervise children On a temporary basis with parent or guardian in closeproxirai O. (15 Preparation of building for evacuation 11-4.20peratlngFeatures, At least one operable flashlight shall be (g) Extinguishment of fire. (101:31-4.2.2) provided for each staff member in a location accessible to the staff for use in the event of a power failure. (101:31-3.6) 12-2.2.3 All facility personnel shall be instructed in the use of and response to fire alarms; and, in addition, they shall be instructed in 11-5 FamilyDay-Care Homes. the use of the code phrase to ensure transmission of an alarm under the following conditions: 11-5.1 Application. This section establishes life safety requirements for family day-care homes in which more than three but fewer than (a) When the individual who discovers a fire must immediately go seven clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other to the aid of an endangered person. than their relative(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hours per day (generally within a dwelling unit). The provisions of Sections 11- (b) During a malfunction of the building fire alarm system. 2 through 11-5 of NFPA I01 shall not apply to family day-care homes unless a specific requirement is referenced by Section 11-9 of NFPA Personnel hearing the code announced shall first activate the IOL (101:11-9.1.1.1) building fire alarm using the nearest manual alarm station and shall then immediately execute their duties as outlined in the fire safety Exception." Facilities that supervise children on a temporary basis with parent plan. (101:31-4.2.3) or guardiar, in closeproximity. 12-2.3 Maintenance of Exits. Proper maintenance shall be provided 11-5.2 Operating Features. At least one operable flashlight shall be to ensure the dependability of the method of evacuation selected. provided in a location accessible to the staff for use in the event of a Facilities that find it necessary to lock exits shall at all times maintain power failure. (101:31-3.7) an adequate staffqualified to release and conduct occupants fi-om the immediate danger area to a place of safety in case of fire or other emergency. (101:31-4.3) Chapter 12 Health Care Occupancies 12-2.4 Smoking. Smoking regulations shall be adopted and shall 12-1 Application. New and existing health care occupandes shall include the following minimal provisions: comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. (a) Smoking shall be prohibited in any room, ward, or compart- 12-2 Operating Features. ment where flammable liquids, combustible gases, or oxygen are used or stored and in any other hazardous location. Such areas shall 12-2.1 Attendants, Evacuation Plan, Fire Exit Drills. be posted with "NO SMOKING" signs.
12-2.1.1 The administration of every hospital, nursing home, and (b) Smoking by patients classified as not responsible shall be limited care facility shall have in effect and available to all supervi- prohibited. sory personnel written copies of a plan for the protection of all persons in the event of fire and for their evacuation fi'om the Exception to (b): When the patient is under direct supervision. building when necessary. All employees shall be periodically instructed and kept informed with respect to their duties under the (c) Ashtrays of noncombnstible material and safe design shall be plan. A copy of the plan shall be readily available at all times in the provided in all areas where smoking is permitted. telephone operator s position or at the security center. (d) Metal containers with self-closing cover devices into which The provisions of 12-2.1.2 to 12-2.2.3 inclusive shall apply. (101:31- ashtrays may be emptied shall be readily available to all areas where 4.1.1) smoking is permitted. (101:31-4.4) 12-2.1.2 Fire exit drills in health care occupancies shall include the 12-2.5 Bedding, Furnishings, and Decorations. transmission of a fire alarm signal and simulation of emergency fire conditions. Drills shall be conducted .quarterly on each shift to 12-2.5.1 Where required by the applicable provisions of this familiarize fadlity personnel (nurses, interns, maintenance chapter, draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging engineers, and administrative staff) with signals and emergency furnishings and decorations shall be flame resistant as demonstrated action required under varied conditions. When drills are conducted by passing both the small- and large-scale tests of NFPA 701, Standard between 9:00 p.m. (2100 hours) and 6:00 a.m. (0600 hours), a coded Methods ofFire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Filra~ announcement shall be permitted to be used instead of audible alarms. Exception: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junction of the specimen and its holder in the small-scale
375 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP test, the large-scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the residents with experience in egressing through all exits and means test selection provisions of NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for of escape required by NFPA 101. Exits and means of escape not used b-~ame-Resistant Textiles and Films. (10h31-1.4.1) in any fire drill shall not be credited in meeting the requirements of NFPA I01 for board and care facilities. 12-2.5.2 Furnishings or decorations of an explosive or highly flammable character shall not be used. (101:31-1.4.5) Exception No. 1: Actual exiting from windows shall not be required to meet the requirements of this section; opening the window and signaling for help 12-2.5.3 Fire retardant coatings shall be maintained so as to retain shall bean acceptable alternatiw the effectiveness of the treatment under service conditions encoun- tered in actual use. (10h31-1.4.6) Exception No. 2: If the board and care facility has an evacuation capability rating of impractical, those residents who cannot meaningfully assist in their 12-2.5.4 Combustible decorations are prohibited in any health care . own evacuation or who have special health problems need not actively occupancy unless flame-retardant participate in the drill Section 31-4 of NFPA 101 shall apply in such instances. (101:31-7.3) Exception: Combustible decorations of such limited quantities that a hazard offire development or spread is not present, such as photographs and 13-2.4 Smoking, Where smoking is permitted, noncombustible paintings. (10h31-4.5.4) safety-type ashtrays or receptacles shall be provided in convenient locations. (10h31-7.4) 12-2.5.5 Soiled linen or trash collection receptacles shall not exceed 32 gal (121 L) in capacity. The average density of container capacity 13-2.5 Furnishings, Bedding, and Decorations. in a room or space shall not exceed 0.5 gal per sq ft (20.4 L per sq m). There shall be not more than 32 gal (121 L) capacity within any 13-2.5.1 Draperies, curtains, and other similar furnishings and 64 sq ft (5.9 sq m) area. Mobile soiled linen or trash collection decorations shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein receptacles with capacities greater than 32 gal (121 L) shall be to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire located in a room protected as a hazardous area when not attended. Tests for Flarne-Resistant Textiles andFilms, shall comply with both small-and large-scale tests. Exception: Container size and density shall not be limited in hazardous areas. (101:31-4.5.5) Ec~tOn: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing tion at the junction of the specimen and its holder in the small-scale 12-2.5.6 Newly introduced uphoistered furniture within health care test, the large-scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the occupancies shall be tested Mocked-up composites of the uphol- test selection provisions of 1-4. 2 of NFPA 70-1. ( 101:31-1.4.1 ) stered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) where tested in accordance with NlCPA 261, Standard Method of 13-2.5.2 New upholstered furniture within board and care homes Test for Determining Resistance of Moc&-Up Upholstered Furniture Material shall he tested per NFPA 260, Standard Methods of Tests and Classifica- Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes. tion S?stem for Cigarette Ignition R.~istance of coraponents of Upholstered Furniture, and shall meet the requirements for Class I. Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms'or spaces protected by an approved, automatic sp~inklersystem. [101:31-4.5.2 and 101;31-1.4.2(b) ] Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spates protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. [101:31-7.5.2 and 101:31-1.4.2(a)] 12-2.6 Portable Space Heating Devices. Portable space heating devices are prohibited in all health care occupancies. 13-2.5.3 New mattresses within board and care homes shall be tested per CFR 16 Part 1632 and shall have a cha( length not exceeding 2 Exception: Portable space heating devices shall be permitted to be used in in. (5.1 cm). nonsleeping staff and employee areas where the heating elements of such devices are limited to not more than 212°F(100°C). (101:31-4.'7) Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces proteeted by an approved automatic ~0r/nk/er system. [101:31-7.5.3 and 101:31-1.4.2(c)] Chapter 13 Residential Board and Care Occupancies Chapter 14 Ambulatory Health Care Centers 13-1 Application. New and existing residential board and care occupancies shall complywith this chapter and the referenced 14-1 Application. New and existing ambulatory health care centers edition of NFPA 101. shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. 13-2 Operating Features. 142 Operating Features. 13-2.1 Emergency Plan. The administration of every residential board and care facility shall have in effect, and available to all 14-2.1 Portable space heating devices shall be prohibited in all supervisory personnel, written copies of aplan for the protection of health care and ambulatory health care occupancies. all persons in the event of fire and for their remaining in place, for their evacuation to areas of refuge and from the building when Exception: Portable space heating devices shall be permitted to be used in necessary. The plan shall include special staff actions induding fire nonslesping staff and employee areas when the heating elements of such protection procedures needed to ensure the safety of any resident devices a- re lim¢ied to not more than 212°F (-100°C). (101:31-4. 7) and shall be amended or revised upon admission to the home of any resident with unusual needs. All employees shall be periodically instructed and kept informed with respect to their duties and Chapter 15 Detention and Correctional Occupancies responsibilities under the plan. Such instruction shall be reviewed by the stall at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall be readily 15-I Application. New and existing detention and correctional available at all times within the facility. (101:31-7.1) occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. 13-2.2 Resident Training. All residents participating in the emergency plap. shall he trained in the proper actions to be taken in 15-2 Operating Features. the event of fire. This training shall include actions to be taken if the primary escape route is blocked. If the resident is given rehabilita- 15-2.1 Attendants, Evacuation Plan, Fire Exit Drills. tion or habilitation training, training in fire prevention and actions to be taken in the event of a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation 15-2.1.1 Detention and correctional facilities or those portions of training program. Residents shall be trained to assist each other in facilities having such occupancy must be provided with 24-hour case of fire to the extent their physical and mental abilitiespermit smiting. Staff must be within three floors or 300 ft (91 m) horizontal them to do so without additional personal risL (101:31-7.2 ) distance of the access door of each resident housing area. 13-2.3 Fire Exit Drills. Fire exit drills shall be conducted at least six In addition, for Use Conditi~)ns III, IV, and V, as defined in NFPA times per year on a bimonthly basis with a minimum of two drills 101, LifeSafe~y Code, the arrangement shall be such that the staff conducted during the night when residents are sleeping. The drills involved can start release of locks necessary for emergency evacua- shall he permitted to he announced in advance to the residents. The tion or rescue and initiate other necessary emergency actions within drills shall involve the actual evacuation of all residents to an two minutes of alarm. (101:31-5.1.1) assembly point as specified in the emergency plan and shall provide
376 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
15-2.1.2 Provisions shall be made so that residents in Use Condi- 15-2.2.5 Newly introduced mattresses in detention and correctional tions III, IV, and V, as defined in the NFPA I01, can readily notify occupancies shall have limited rates of heat release when tested, as staff of an emergency. (101:31-5.1.2) follows: 15-2.1.3 The administration of every detention or correctional (a) The peak rate of heat release for the mattress shall not exceed facility shall have in effect, and provided to all supervisory personnel, 250 kW. written copies of a plan for the protection of all persons in the event of fire and for their evacuation to areas of refuge and for evacuation Exception No. 1: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by approved smoke from the building when necessary. All employees shall be instructed detectors that initia~ without delay, an alarm that is audible in that room or and drilled with respect to their duties under the plan. The plan space. shall be coordinated with and reviewed by the fire department legally committed to serve the facility. (101:31-5.1.3) Exception No. 2: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 15-2.1.4 Employees of detention and correctional occupancies shall be instructed in the proper use ofl~ortable fire extinguishers and (b) The peak rate of heat release for the mattress shall not exceed other manual fire suppression eqmpment that they may be called 500 kW. upon to use. With respect to new staff, such training shall be provided promptly upon commencement of duty. With respect to Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic existing staff, refresher training shall be provided at least annually. sprinkler system. (101:31-5.1.4) (c) The total energy released by the mattress during the first five 15-2.1.5 Books, clothing, and other combustible personal property minutes of the test shall not exceed 75 MJ. allowed in sleeping rooms Shall be stored in closable metal lockers or afire resistant container. (101:31-5.2) Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spacesprotected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. (101:31-5.4.3 and 101:31-1.4.4) 15-2.1.6 The number of heat-producing appliances, such as toasters, hot plates, etc., and the overall use of electrical power within a 15-2.2.6 Combustible decorations are prohibited in any detention sleeping room shall be controlled by facility administration. (101:31- or correctional occupancy unless flame-retardant. (101:31-5.4.4) 5.3) 15-2.2.7 Wastebaskets and other waste containers shall be of 15-2.2 Furnishings, Bedding, and Decorations. noncombustible or other approved materials. Waste containers with a capacity greater than 20 gal (76 L) shall be provided with a 15-2.2.1 Draperies and curtains, including privacy curtains, in noncombustible lid or lid of other approved material. ( 10 h31-5.4.5) detention and correctional occupancies shall be flame resistant. These materials, required herein to be tested in accordance with 15-2.3 Keys. All keys necessary for unlocking doors installed in NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textile* and means of egress shall be individually identified by both touch and Films, shall comply with both small- and large-scale tests. sight. (10h31-5.5) Exception: For materials that show excessive molting or shrinkage or ongoing 15-2.4 Portable Space Heating Devices. Portable space heating combustion at the junction of the specimen and its holder in the small-scale devices shall be prohibited. (101:31-5.6) test, the large-scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the test selection provisions ofl-4.2 of NFPA 701. (101:31-5.4.1 and 101:31- 1.4.1) Chapter 16 Hotels and Dormitories 15-2.2.2 Newly introduced upholstered furniture within detention 16-1 Application. New and existing hotels and dormitories shall and correctional occupancies shall be testedper NFPA 261, Standard comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA I01. Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, and shall have a char 16-2 Operating Features. length not exceeding 1.5 in. (3.8 cm). 16-2.1 Hotel Emergency Organization. Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved auto'matic sprinkler system. [ 101:31~5.4.2 and 101:31-1.4.1 (b) ] 16-2.1.1 All employees of hotels shall be instructed and drilled in the duties they are to perform in the event of fire, panic, or other 15-2.2.3 Newly introduced upholstered furniture in detention and emergency. (10h31-6.1.1) correctional occupancies shall have limited rates of heat release, as follows: 16-2.1.2 Drills of the emergency organization shall be held at quarterly intervals, covering such points as the operation and (a) The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered maintenance of the available first aid fire appliances, the testing of furniture item shall not exceed 250 kW. devices to alert guests, and a study of instructions for emergency duties. (101:31-6.1.2) Exception No. I: In Use Condition I, 11, and 111 occupancies, as defined in NFPA 101, upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by approved 16-2.2 Emergency Dudes. Upon discovery of a fire, employees shall: smoke detectors that initiate, without delay, an alarm that is audible in that room or space. (a) Activate the facility fire protection signaling system, if provided, and Exception No. 2: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. (b) Notify the public fire department, and
(b) The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered (c) Take other action as previously instructed. (101:31-6.2) furniture item shall not exceed 500 kW. 16-2.3 Dormitories. Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system. 16-2.3.1 Fire exit drills shall be regularly conducted in accordance with 16-2.3.2 through 16-2.3.5. Drills shall be designed in coopera- (c) The total energy released by the single upholstered furniture tion with the local authorities. (101:31-6.3.1 and 101:31-1.5.1) item during the first five minutes of the test shall not exceed 75 MJ. 16-2.3.2 Responsibility for the planning and conduct of drills shall Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved be assigned only to competent persons qualified to exercise automatic sprinkler system. (101:31-5.4.2 and 101:31-1.4.3) leadership. (101:31-1.5.3)
15-2.2.4 Newly introduced mattresses in detention and correctional 16-2.3.3 In the conduct of drills, emphasis shall be placed on occupancies shall be tested per CFR 16, part 1632, and shall have a orderly evacuation under proper discipline rather than on speed• char length not exceeding 2 in. (5.1 cm). (101:31-1.5.4) Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spacesprotected by an approved automatic sprin-klersystem. (101:31-5.4.3 and 10h31-1.4.2(c)] 377 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
16-2.3.4 Drills shall include suitable procedures to ensure that all (a) Cla~sA. All stgFes having aggregate gross area of more than persons in the building or all persons subject to the drill actually 30,000 ft~ (2,800 m ~) or utilizing more than three levels, excluding participate. (101:31-1.5.5) mezzanines, for sales purposes. 16-2.3.5 Drills shall be held at unexpected times and under varying (b) ClassB. All stoffes ofmor~ than 3,000 ft2 (280 m 2) but not conditions to simulate the unusual conditions that occur in the case more than 30,000 ft~ (2,800 m a) aggregate gross area, or utilizing of fire. (101:31-1.5.6) floors above or below the street floor level for sales purposes. 16-2.4 EmergencyInstrucfions for Residents or Guests. Exception to (b): If nuTre than thre~floors, ~.duding mezzanines, are utilized, the store shall be Class A regardless of are~. 16-2.4.1 A floor diagram reflecting the actual floor arrangement, exit locations, and room identification shall be l~osted in a location (c) C/assC All stores of not more than 3,000 ft2 (280 m 2) gross and manner acceptable to the authority havingjurisdiction on or area used for sales purposes on one story only, excluding mezza- immediately adjacent to every guest room door in hotels and in nines. (101:24-1.4.2.1) every resident room in dormitories. (101:31-6.4.1) 20-2 Operating Features. 16-2.4.2 Fire safety information shall be provided to allow guests to decide either to evacuate to the outside, evacuate to an area of 20-2.1 Drills. refuge, remain in place, or any combination of the three. (101:31- 6.4.2) 20-2.1.1 In every Class A or B mercantile occupancy, employees shall be regularly trained in fire exit drillprocedures in general conform- 16-2.5 Furnishings and Decorations. New draperies, curtains, and ance with 31-1.5 of NFPA 101. (101:31-8.1) other similar loosely hanging furnishings and decorations in hotels and dormitories shall be flame resistant. These materials, required 20-2.1.2 Employees of mercantile occupandes shall be instructed in herein to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of the proper use of portable fire extinguishers. (101:31-8.2) Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films, shall comply with both small- and large-scale tests. Chapter 21 Business Occupancies Exception: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junction of the speciraen and its holder in the small-scale 21-1 Application. New and existing business occupancies shall tesg the large scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. test selectionprovisions ofl-4.2 of NFPA 701. (101:31-1.4.1 and 101:31- 6.6) 21-2 Operating Features. 16-2.6 Unvented fuel-fired heaters shall not be used in hotels or 21-2.1 Drills. In any business occupancy building subject to dormitories. (101:31-6.7) occupancy by more than 500 persons or more than 100 persons above or below the street level, employees and supervisory personnel shall be instructed in fire exit drill procedures in accordance with Chapter 17 Apartment Buildings 31-1.5 of NFPA 101 and shall hold practice drills periodically where practicable. (101:31-9.1) 17-1 Application. New and existing apartment buildings shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. 21-2.2 Employees of business occupancies shall be instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers. (101:31-9.2) 17-2 Operating Features. 17-2.1 Emergency instructions shall be provided to each living unit Chapter 22 Industrial Occupancies on a yearly basis indicating the location of alarms, egress paths, and actions to be taken, both in response to a fire in the living unit and 22-1 Application. New and existing industrial occupancies shall in response to the sounding of the alarm system. (101:31-6.5) comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.
17-2.2 Unrented fuel-fired heaters shall not be used in apartment 22-2 Service Stations. buildings. (101:31-6.7) 22-2.1 General Requirements.
Chapter 18 Lodging or Rooming Houses 22-2.1.1 Permit Required. (See Section 1-15.)
18-1 Application. New and existing lodging or rooming houses shall 22-2.1.2 Application. This section applies to new and existing comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. automotive and marine service stations and to service stations located inside buildings. 18-2 Operating Features. Unvented fuel-fired heaters shall not be used in lodging or rooming houses. (101:31-6.7) 22-2.1.3 Special Definitions. Aboveground Storage Tank. A horizontal or vertical tank that is Chapter 19 One- and Two-FamilyDwellings listed and intended for fixed installation without backfill, either above- or below-grade, and is used within the scope of its approval or 19-1 Application. New and existing one- and two-family dwellings listing. (30A:1-2) shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. Closed Container. A container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will 19-2 Operating Features. Unrented fuel-fired heaters shall not be escape from it at ordinary temperatures. (30A:1-2) used in residential occupancies. Service Stations. tion: Listed and approved unvented fuel-fired heater~ in one- and two- dwellings. (I01:31-6. 7) AutomoaveSemlceStatiom That portion ofapropertywhere liquids used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or approved containers and Chapter 20 Mercantile Occupancies shall include any facilities available for the sale and service of tires, batteries, and accessories. This occupancy designation shall also 20-1 Application. apply to buildings, or portions of buildings, used for lubrication, inspection, and minor automotive maintenance work such as tune- 20-1.1 New and ~xlsting mercantile occupancies shall c0mplywith ups and brake system repairs. Major automotive repairs, painting, this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101. and body and fender work are excluded.
20-1.2 Subclassification of Occupancy. Mercantile occupancies Marine Service Station. That portion of a property where liquids shall be subclassified as follows: used as fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equlpme~t on
378 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP shore, piers, wharves, or floating docks into the fuel tanks of self- 22-2.2.2 Special Enclosures. propelled craft and shall include all facilities used in connection therewith. 22-2.2.2.1 Enclosure shall be substantially liquid- and vaportight without backfill. Sides, top, and bottom of the enclosure shall be of Service Station Located Inside Buildings. That portion of an automo- reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick, with openings for tive service station located within the perimeter of a building or inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped building structure that also contains other occupancies. The service or closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed station may be enclosed or partially enclosed by the building walls, space. Means shall be provided to use portable equipment to floors, ceilings, or partitions or may be open to the outside. The discharge to the outside any liquid or vapors that might accumulate service station dispensing area shall mean that area of the service should leakage occur. (30A:2-2.2) station required for dispensing of fuels to motor vehicles. Dispensing of fuel at manufacturing, assembly, and testing operations is not 22-2.2.2.2 At automotive service stations provided in connection included within this definition. (30A:1-2) with tenant or customer parking facilities in large buildings of commercial, mercantile, or residential occupancy, tanks containing 22-2.2 Storage Requirements. Class I liquids installed in accordance with this Code shall not exceed 6,000 gal (22 710 L) individual or 18,000 gal (68 130 L) 22-2.2.1 General Provisions. aggregate capacity. (30A:2-2.3)
22-2.2.1.1 Liquids shall be stored in: 22-2.2.3 Inside Buildings.
(a) Approved closed containers not exceeding 60-gal (227-L) 22-2.2.3.1 Except where stored in tanks as provided in 22-2.2.2, no capacity, or Class I liquids shall be stored within any service station building except in closed containers of aggregate capacity not exceeding 120 (b) Tanks in special enclosures inside buildings as described in 22- gad 4454.2 L). One container not exceeding 60-gal (227-L) capacity 2.2.2, or equipped with a listed pump is permitted. (30A:2-3.1)
(c) Aboveground tanks supplying marine service stations as 22-2.2.3.2 Openings for gauging on tanks storing Class I liquids provided in 22-2.2.1.4, or shall be provided with a vaportight cap or cover. Such covers shall be closed when not gaging. (50:2-3.8.3) (d) An approved tank that is part of a fuel dispensing system as provided for in 22-2.8.3.5, or 22-2.2.3.3 Class I liquids may be traa~ferred from one container to another in lubrication or service rooms of a service station building (e) Tanks located underground as in Section 2-4 of NFPA 30, rovided the electrical installation complies with Table 7 of NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, or A and provided that any heating equipment complies with Chapter 8 of NFPA 30A. See also 22-2.8.7 for other possible sources (f) Tanks or containers inside service station buildings as provided of ignition. (30A:2-3.2) for in 22-2.2.3.3 and 22-2.2.3.4. 22-2.2.3.4 Class II and Class IliA liquids shall be permitted to be (g) Tanks located above ground at automotive service stations with stored and dispensed inside service station buildings from. approved the approval of the authority having jurisdiction and as provided for tanks of not more than 120 gal (454 L) for each class, with an in 22-2.2.4. (30A:2-1.1) aggregate capacity not exceeding 240 gal (908 L). (30A:2-3.3)
22-2.2.1.2 Apparatus dispensing Class I liquids into the fuel tanks of 22-2.2.3.5 Class IlIB liquids shall be permitted to be stored in and motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant dispensed from tanks and containers meeting the requirements of unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which Sections 2-2 and 4-2 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids bulk operations are conducted. Aboveground tanks located at a bulk Code, as applicable, inside service station buildings. Tanks and plant shall not be connected by piping to a service station. (30A:2- containers that contain only crankcase drainings shall be considered 1.3) to be containing Class IIIB liquids. (30A:2-3.4)
22-2.2.1.3 Class I liquids shall not be stored or handled within a 22-2.2.4 Aboveground Storage Tanks at Automotive Service building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors can Stations. (30A:2-4) travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation that will prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. (30A:2-1.4) 22-2.2.4.1 Except as modified by the provisions of this section, aboveground storage tanks shall comply with the applicable 22-2.2.1.4 Tanks supplying marine service stations and pumps not provisions in Chapters 2 and 3 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible integral with the dispensing device shall be on shore or on a pier of Liquids Coda (PEI RP200-92, Recommended Practices for Installation of the solid-fill type, except as provided in (a) and (b). Aboveground Storage Systems for Motor Vehicle Fuelin~ provides information on this subject.) (30A:2-4.1) (a) Where shore location would require excessively long supply lines to dispensers, the authority having jurisdiction may authorize 22-2.2.4.1.1 Only aboveground storage tanks shall be used. Tanks the installation of tanks on a pier provided that applicable portions designed and built for underground use shall not be installed for of NFPA 30, Chapter 2, relative to spacing, diking, and piping, and abovegrou nd use. (30A:2-4.1.1) Chapter 5, Table 5-3.5.3, relative to electrical classification, are complied with and the quantity so stored does not exceed 1,100 gal 22-2.2.4.2 Tank Location and Capacity. (4164 L) aggregate capacity. 22-2.2.4.2.1 Tanks storing Class I and Class II liquids at an individual (b) Shore tanks supplying marine service stations may be located site shall be limited to a maximum individual capacity of 12,000 aboveground where rock ledges or high water tables make under- gallons (45,600 L) and an aggregate capacity of 40,000 gallons ground tanks impractical. (30A:2-1.6) (152,000 L). (30A:2-4.2.1)
22-2.2.1.5 Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained and 22-2.2.4.2.2 Tanks shall be located at least: reconciled on all Class I liquid and diesel fuel storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks or piping. The records (a) 50 ft (15 m) from the nearest important building on the same shall be kept at the premises or made available for inspection by the property;, enforcing authority within 24 hours of a written or verbal request. The records shall include, as a minimum, records showing by (b) 50 ft (15 m) from any fuel dispenser; product, dally reconciliation between sales, use, receipts, and inventory on hand. If there is more than one system consisting of a (c) 50 ft (15 m) from the nearest side of a public way; tank(s) serving separate pump(s) or dispenser(s) for any product, the reconciliation shall be maintained separately for each tank (d) 100 ft (30 m) from any property line that is or might be built system. API Publication 1621, Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid upon, including the opposite side of a public way. Stock Control atRetail Outlets, provides information on this subject. (30~2-1.5) Exception No. 1: All distances shall be permitted to be reduced by 50percent if the tanks are fire resistant tanks, as defined in Section 1-2 of NFPA 30A, or are installed in vaults that comply with 22-Z2.4.4.
379 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
Exception No. & At commerciag industriag governrnentag or manufacturing (1) Each vault shall be provided with a suitable means m admit a establishments, where the tanks are intended for fueling vehicles used in fire suppression agent. connection with their business, no minimum distance shall be required by 22- 2. 2.4.Z 2(b) if the tanks are fire resistant tanks, as defined in Section 1-2 of (m) The interior of any vaull; containing a tank that stores a Class I NFPA 30.4, or are installed in vaults that comply with 22-2.2.4.4. (30A:2- liquid shall be designated a Class I, Division 1 location, as defined in 4.2.2) NFPA 70, NationalElectrical Coda (30A:2-4.4) 22-2.2.4.3 Control of Spillage. Spill control shall be provided in 22-2.2.4.5 Piping and Ancillary Equipment. accordance with 2-3.3 of NFPA 30, Flammable and CombustlbleLiquids Code. 22-2.2.4.5.1 Means shall be provided for determining the liquid level in each tank and this means shall be accessible to the delivery Exception: Tanks in vaults that comply with 22-2.2.4.4 need not meet this operator. Means shall be provided to sound an audible alarm when requirement (30A:2-4.3) the liquid level in the tank reaches 90 percent of capacity. Means shall also be provided either to automatically stop the flow of liquid 22-2.2.4.4 Vaults. Vaults shall be permitted to be either above or into the tank when the liquid level in the tank reaches 98 percent of below grade and shall comply with the following: capacity or to restrict the flow of liquid into the tank to a maximum flow rate of 2.5 gpm (9.5 Lpm) when the liquid in the tank reaches (a) The vault shall completely enclose each tank. There shall be no 95 percent capacity. These provisions shall not restrict or interfere openings in the vault enclosure except those necessary for access to, with the proper operation of either the normal vent or the emer- inspection of, and filling, emptying, and venting of the tank. The gency vent. (30A=2-4.0.1) walls and floor of the vault shall be constructed of reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick. The top shall be constructed of 22-2.2.4.5.2 Fuel shall not he dispensed from the tank by either noncopabustible material constructed to be weaker than the walls, to gravity flow or pressurization of the tank. Means shall be provided to ensure that in the event of an explosion inside the vault, the thrust prevent the release of liquid by siphon flow. (30A:2-4.6.2) of the explosion will be directed upward before a significantly high pressure can develop inside the vault. The top, floor, and tank 22-2.2.4.5.3 Where a tank is at an elevation that produces a gravity foundation shall be designed to withstand the anticipated loading. head on the dispensing deviqe, the tank outlet shall be equipped The walls and floor of any vault installed below grade shall be with a device (such as a normally dosed solenoid valve) that will designed to withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading. The prevent gravity flow from the tank to the dispenser. This device shall vault shall be substantially liquidtight and there shall be no backfill he located adjacent to and downstream of the outlet valve specified around the tank. There shall be sufficient space between the tank by 2-3.8.1 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Coda The and the vault to allow for inspection of the tank and its appurte- device shall be installed and adjusted so that liquid cannot flow by nances. gravity from the tank to the dispenser in the event of failure of the piping or hose when the dispenser is not in use. (30A:2-4.6.3) (b) Each vault and its tank shall be suitably anchored to withstand uplifting by ground water or flooding, including when the tank is 22-2.2.4.5.4 Ira submersible pump system is used, a listed emer- empty. gency shutoffvalve shall be installed at each dispensing device, as required by 22-2.4.3.4. (30A:2-4.6.4) (c) Avault shall be designed to be wind and earthquake resistant, in accordance with good engineering practice. The vault shall be 22-2.2.4.5.g If a suction pump-type dispensing device is used, a resistant to damage from the impact of a motor vehicle, or suitable listed, vacuum-actuated shutoff valve, with a shear section, or~, collision barriers shall be provided. equivalent-type valve shall be installed directly under each dispens- ing device. (30A:2-4.6.5) (d) Each tank shall be in its own vault. Adjacent vaults may share a common wall. Exception: Tanks installed in below-grade vaults need not comply with this requirement. (e) Connections shall he provided to 15ermit venting of each vault to dilute, disperse, and remove anyvapors prior to personnel 22-2.2.4.5.6 Shutoff and check valves shall be equipped with a entering the vault. Pthressure-relieving device that will relieve the pressure generated by ermal expansion back to the tank. (30A:2-4.6.6) (f) Vaults that contain tanks of Class I liquids shall be provided with continuous ventilation at a r~te of not less th~n 1 cubic ft per minute 22-2.2.4.5.7 Piping shall be routed so that exposure to physical per sq ft qJfloor area (0.3 m ~ per rain per mr), but not less than 150 damage is minimized. (30kg2-4.6.7) cfm (4 m per rain). Failure of the exhaust air flow shall automati- cally shut down the dispensing system. The exhansit system shall be 22-2.2.4.6 Physical Protection. designed to provide air movement across all parts of the vault floor. Supply and exhaust ducts shall extend to within 3 in. (7.6 cm), but 22-2.2.4.6.1 Tanks that are not enclosed in vaults shall be enclosed not more than 12 in (30.5 cm), of the floor. The exhaust system shall with a chain link fence at least 6 ft (2 m) high. The fence shall be be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 91, Standard separated from the tanks by at least 10 ft (3 m) and shall have a gate for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Materials. Means shall be that is properly secured against unauthorized entry. Aboveground provided to automatically detect any flammable vapors and to tanks shall be protected against vehicular collision by suitable automatically shut down the dispensing system upon detection of barriers. such flammable vapors in the exhaust duct at a concentration of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit. Exception: Tanks are not required to be enclosed within a fence if the property on which the tanks are located already has a perimeter securi~ fence. (30A:2- • (g) Each vault shall be equipped with a detection system capable of 4.7.1) detecting liquids, including water, and of activating an alarm. 22-2.2.4.6.2 The area withirr the fence and within any dike shall be (11) Means shall be provided to recover liquid from the vault. If a kept free of vegetation, debris, and any other material that is not pump is used to meet this requirement, the pump shall not be necessary to the proper operation of the tank and piping system. permanently installed in the vault. Electric powered portable pumps (30A:2-4.7.2) shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1 locations, as defined in NFPA 70, National Electrical Coda 22-2.2.4.7 Corrosion Protection. Any portion of a tank or its piping system that is in contact with the soil shall he protected from " (i) Vent pipes that are provided for normal tank venting shall corrosion in accordance with sound engineering practice. (30A=2- terminate at least 12 ft (3.6 m) above ground level. 4.8) (j) Emergency vents shall be vapor tight and shall be permitted to 22-2.2.4.8 Tank Filling Operations. discharge inside the vault. Long-bolt manhole covers shall not be permitted for this purpose. 22-2.2.4.8.1 Delivery operations shall comply with applicable requirements of NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehides for Flammable (k) Each vault shall be provided with a means for personnel entry. and Combustible Liquids, and with the requirements of 2-4.9.2 through At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the need for proce- 2-4.9.5 of NFPA 30,6. (30A:2-4.9.1) dures for safe entry into confined spaces shall he posted. Each entry point shall be secured against unauthorized entry and vandalism.
380 NFPA 1 .---- F96 ROP
22-2.2.4.8.2 The delivery vdhicle shall be separated from any 22-2.4.2.3 A control shall be provided that will permit the pump to aboveground tank by at least 25 ft (7.6 m). (30-4=2-4.9.2) operate 0nly when a dispensing nozzle is removed from its bracket or normalposition with respect to the dispensing device and tile Exception: No minimum separation distance shall be required for tanks that switch on this dispensing device is manually actuated. This control are fiUed by gravity. shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have been returned, either to their brackets or to the normal nondispensing position. (30A:4- 22-2.2.4.8.3 Tank filling shall not begin until the delivery operator 2.3) has determined tank ullage (available capacity). (30A:2-4.9.3) 22-2.4.2.4 Liquids shall not be dispensed by applying pressure to 22-2.2.4.8.4 All tanks shall be filled through a liquid-tight connec- drums, barrels, and similar containers. Listed pumps taking suction tion. Where the tank is filled by means of fixed piping, either a through the top of the container or listed self-closing faucets shall be check valve and shutoff valve with a quick-connect coupling or a used. (30ka4-2.4) check valve with a dry-break coupling shall be installed in the piping at a point where connection and disconnection is made between the 22-2.4.2.5 Dispensing devices, except those attached to containers, tank and the delivery vehicle. This device shall be protected from shall either be mounted on a concrete island or otherwise protected tampering and physical damage. (30A:2-4.9.4) against collision damage by suitable means and shall be securely bolted in place, ff located indoors, the dispensing device shall also 22-2.3 Piping, Valves, and Fittings. be located in a position where it cannot be struck by a vehicle that is out of control descending a ramp or other slope. The installation 22-2.3.1 The design, fabrication, assembly, test, and inspection of shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. (30A:4- the piping system shall be in accordance with NFPA 30, F/ammab/e 2.5) and Combustible Liquids Code, Chapter 3, except that, where dispens- ing is from a floating structure, suitable lengths of oil-resistant 22-2.4.2.6 Hose length at service stations shall not exceed 18 ft (5.5 flexible hose may be employed between the shore piping and the m) unless approved by the authority having jurisdiction. All hose piping on the floating structure as made necessary by change in shall be listed. When not in use, hose shall be so secured as to water level or shoreline. (30A:3-1) protect it from damage. (30A:4-2.6)
22-2.3.2 Where excessive stray currents are encountered, piping 22-2.4.2.7 A listed emergency breakaway device designed to retain handling Class I and Class II liquids at marine service stations shall liquid on both sides of the breakaway point shall be installed on be electrically insulated from the shore piping. (30A:3-2) each hose dispensing Class I liquids. Such devices ~hall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 22-2.3.3 Piping shall be located so as to be protected from physical damage. (30A:3-3) Where hoses are attached to a hose-retrieving mechanism, the listed emergency breakaway device shall be installed between the 22-2.3.4 A readily accessible valve to shut off the supply from shore point of attachment of the hose-retrieving mechanism to the hose shall be provided in each pipeline at or near the approach to the and the hose nozzle valve. pier and at the shore end of each marine pipeline adjacent to the point where a flexible hose is attached. (30A:3-4) Exception: Such devices shall not be required at marine service station~. (30A:4-2.7) 22-2.3.5 Each fill pipe for liquid storage shall be identified by color code or other marking to identify the product for which the tank is 22-2.4.2.8 Dispensing devices used to fill portable containers with used. The color code or marking shall be maintained in legible home heating fuels shall be located at least 20 ft (6 m) from any condition throughout the life of the tank installation. (30A:3-6) dispensing devices for Class I liquids. Dispensing devices for liqu efied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and 22-2.4 Fuel Dispensing System. compressed natural gas (CNG) shall also be located at least 20 ft (6 m) from any dispensing device for Class I liquids. (30A:4-2.8) 22-2.4.1 Location of Dispensing Devices and Emergency Power Cutoff. 22-2.4.2.9 When maintenance to Class I dispensing devices becomes necessary and such maintenance may allow the accidental release or 22-2.4.1.1 Dispensing devices at an automotive service station shall ignition of liquid, the following precautions shall be taken before be so located that all parts of the vehicle being served will be on the such maintenance is begun: remises of the service station. Openings beneath enclosures shall ~ e sealed to prevent the flow of leaking fuel to lower building spaces. (a) Only persons knowledgeable in performing the required maintenance shall perform the work. Dispensing devices at marine service stations may be located on open piers, wharves, floating docks, or on shore, or on piers of the (b) All electrical power to the dispensing devices, to the pump solid-flU type, and shall be located apart from other structures so as serving the dispensing devices, andto all associated control circuits to provide room for safe ingress andegress of craft to be fueled. shall be shut off at the main electrical disconnect panel. Dispensing devices shall be in all cases at least 20 ft (6 m) from any (c) The emergency shutoffvalve at the dispenser, if installed, shall activity involving fixed sources of ignition. Dispensing devices be closed. located inside buildings shall comply with 22-2.5. (30A:4-1.1) (d) All vehicle traffic and unauthorized persons shall be prevented 22-2.4.1.2 A clearly identified and easily accessible switch(es) or from coming within 20 ft (6 m) of the dispensing device. (-30ka4-2.9) circuit breaker(s) shall be provided at a location remote from dispensing devices, including remote pumping systems, to shut off 22-2.4.3 Remote Pumping Systems. the power to all dispensing devices in the event of an emergency. (30A:~--1.2) 22-2.4.3.1 This section shall apply to systems for dispensing Class I liquids and Class II liquids where such liquids are transferred from 22-2.4.2 Fuel Dispensing Devices. storage to individual or multiple dispensing devices by pumps located other than at the dispensing devices. (30A:4-3.1) 22-2.4.2.1 Class I and Class II liquids shall be transferred from tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to allow control of 22-2.4.3.2 Pumps shall be listed and designed or equipped so that the flow and prevent leakage or accidental discharge. (30A:4-2.1) no part of the system will be subjected to pressures above its allowable working pressure. (30ka4-3.2) 22-2.4.2.2 Dispensing devices for Class I liquids shall be listed. Existing listed or labeled dispensing devices may he modified 22-2.4.3.3 Each pump shall have installed on the discharge side a provided that the modifications made are "Listed by Report" by an listed leak detection device that will provide an indication if the approved testing laboratory or as otherwise approved by the Pdiping and dispensers are not essentially liquidtight. Each leak- authority.. havinlgjurisdiction. Modification. proposals shall, contain a etecting device shall be checked and tested at least annually descrlptmn of the component parts used m the modificataon and the according to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure proper recommended methods of installation on specific dispensing installation and operation. (30A:4-3.3) devices, and they shall be made available $o the authority having jurisdiction upon request. (30A:4-2.2) 22-2.4.3.4 Pumps installed above grade, outside of buildings, shall i be located not less than 10 ft (3 m) from lines of adjoining property that can be built upon and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) from any
381 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP building opening. When an outside pump location is impractical, than 12 in. (0.30 m) above the floor. Exhaust ducts shall not be pumps may be installed inside buildings as provided for dispensers located in floors, or penetrate the floor of the dispensing area, and in 22-2.4.1. Pumps shall be substantially anchored and protected shall discharge to a safe location outside the building. ($0#:6-3.3) against physical damage. (30#:4-3.4) 22-2.5.3.4 The exhaust system shall provide venJilation at a rate,pf 22-2.4.3.5 A listed rigidly anchored emergency shutoff, valve not less than 1 cuft per minute per sq ft (0.3 m per rain per m r ) of incorporating a fusible link or other thermally actuated device, dispensing area. ($0#:6-3.4) designed to close automatically in event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 22-2.5.$.5 The exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with instructions in the supply line at the base of each individual island- the provisions of NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systemsfor Air type dispenser or at the inlet of each overhead dispensing device. An Conveying of Materials. (30ka6-3.5) emergency shutoffvalve incorporating a slip-joint feature shall not be used. The automatic closing feature of this valve shall be checked 22-2.5.3.6 The above provisions of 22-2.5.3.2 through 22-2.5.3.5 do at the time of initial installation and at least once a year thereafter by not apply to a service station located inside a building if two or more manually tripping the hold-open linkage. (30#:4-3.6) sides of the dispensing area are open to the building exterior such that natural ventilation can normally be expected to dissipate 22-2.4.4 Vapor Recovery Systems. flammable vapors. ($0#:6-3.6)
22-2.4.4.1 Dispensing devices incorporating provisions frr vapor 22-2,5.4 Piping. All fuel and flammable vapor piping inside recovery shall be listed. (30A:4-4.1) buildings but outside the service station area shall be enclosed within a horizontal chase or a vertical shaft used only for this piping. 22-2.4.4.2 Hose nozzle valves used on vapor recovery systems shall Vertical shafts and horizontal chases shall be constructed of be listed. (30#:4-4.2) materials having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. (30A:6- 4.2) 22-2.5 Service Stations Located Inside Buildings. 22-2,5.5 Drainage Systems. 22-2.5.1 General. 22-2.5.5.1 Floors shall be liquidtight. Emergency drainage systems 22-2.5.1.1 A service station is permitted inside a building subject to shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage approval of the authority having jurisdiction. (30A:6-1.1) and fire protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers, or special drainage systems. (30#:6-5.1) 22-2.5.1.2 The service station shall be separated from other portions of the building by wall, partition, floor, or floor-ceiling assemblies 22-2.5.5.2 Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. (30#:6-1.2) sewers or discharged intopublic waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators. ($0A:6-5.2) 22-2.5.1.3 Interior finish of service stations shall be constructed of noncombustible or approved limited-combustible materials. (30#:6- 22-2.6 Electrical Equipment. Where Class I liquids are stored and 1.3) dispensed, electrical equipment shall meet the requirements of Chapter 7 of NFPA 30A. 22-2.5.1.4 Door and window openings in interior walls shall be provided with listed 1 1/2-hr (B) fire doors. Doors shall be self- 22-2.7 Heat ProducingAppfianees. closing or may remain open during normal operations if they are designed to close automatically in a fire emergency by provision of 22-2.7.1" Heat producing appliances shall be permitted to be listed closure devices. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance installed in a special room that is separated from an area that is with NFPA 80, Standard for FireDoors and Fire Windows. (30#:6-1.4) classified as Division 1 or Division 2, in accordance with Table 7 of NFPA 30A, by walls that are constructed so as to prevent the 22-2.5.1.5 Fire doors shall be kept unobstructed at all times. transmission of vapors, that have a fire resistance rating of at least 1 Appropriate signs and markings shall be used. (30A:6-1.5) hr, and that have no openings in the walls within 8 ft (2.4 m) of the floor that lead to a classified area. Specific small-openings through 22-2.5.1.6 Openings in interior partitions and walls for ducts shall the wall, such as for piping and electrical conduit, shall be permit- be protected by listed fire dampers. Openings in floor or floor- ted, provided the gaps and voids are filled with a fire resistant ceiling assemblies for ducts shall beprotected with enclosed shafts. material to resist transmission of vapors. This room shall not be used Enclosure of shafts shall be with wall or partition assemblies having a for storage of combustible material. All air for combustion purposes fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. Openings in enclosed shall be taken from outside the building. (30A:8-3) shafts, for ducts, shall be protected with listed fire dampers. (30ka6- 1.6) 22-2.7.2 Heat producing appliances using gas or oil fuel may be installed in the lubrication or service room where there is no 22-2.5.2 Dispensing Area. dispensing or transferring of Class I liquids, including the open draining of automotive gasoline tanks, provided the bottom of the 22-2.5.2.1 The dispensing area shall be located at street level, with combustion chamber is at least 18 in. (46 cm) above the foor and no dispenser located more than 50 ft (15 m) from the vehicle exit the heat producing appliances is protected from physical damage. to, or entrance from, the outside of the building. (30#:6-2.1) (30~S-4)
22-2.5.2.2 Dispensing shall be limited to the area required to serve 22-2.7.2.1 Solid fuel stoves shall not he permitted in any lubrication not more than four vehicles at one time. ($0#:6-2.2) room or service room. (30A:8-4.1)
22-2.5.3 Ventilation. 22-2.7.3 Heat producing appliances using gas or oil fuel listed for use in garages may be installed in the lubrication or service room 22-2.5.3.1 Forced air heating, air conditioning, and ventilating where Glass I liquids are dispensed or transferred, provided the systems serving the service station area shall not be interconnected equipment is installed at least 8 ft (2.4 m) above the floor. (30A:8-5) with any such systems serving other parts of the building. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA. 22-2.7.4 Electrical heat producing appliances shall conform to 90A, Standard for the Installation ofAir Conditioning and Ventilating Chapter 7 ofNFPA 30A. (80A:8-6) Systems. (30#:6-3.1) 22-2.8 Operational Requirements. 22-2.5.3.2 A mechanical exhaust system shall be provided to serve only the dispensing area. This system shall be interlocked with the 22-2.8.1 Fuel Delivery Nozzles. dispensing system such that air flow is established before any dispensing device can operate. Failure of air flow shall automatically 22-2.8.1.1 A listed automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve shall be shut down the dispensing system. (30#:6-3.2) provided on island-type dispensers used for the dispensing of Class I liquids. (30A:9-1.1) 22-2.5.3.3 The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the dispensing area floor and to 22-2.8.1.2 ffa hose nozzle valve is provided with a latch-open device revent the flow of flammable vapors beyond the dispensing area. other than recommended by the valve manufacturer, the latch-open ~ xhaust inlet ducts shall not be less than 3 in. (7.6 crn) norhaore device shall be an integral part of the valve assembly, and such valve
382 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP latch-open device combination shall conform to the applicable (e) Nighttime deliveries shall only be made in adequately lighted requirements of Section 19A of UL 842, Standard for Valve*for ageas. FtammableF/u/ds. (30A:9-1.2) (f) The tank vehicle flasher lights shall be in operation while 22-2.8.1.3 At any installation where the normal flow of product may dispensing. be stopped other than by the hose nozzle valve, such as at pre-pay stations, the system shall include listed equipment with a feature that (g) Fuel expansion space shall be left in each fuel tank to prevent causes or requires the closing of the hose nozzle valve before overflow in the event of temperature increase. (30A:9-3.4) product flow can be resumed or before the hose nozzle valve can be in its normal position in the dispenser;, or the hose nozzle 22-2.8.3.5 The provisions of 2-1.1 of NFPA 30A shall notprohibit e shall not be equipped with a latch-open device. (30A:9-1.2.1) the dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in the open from a fuel dispensing system supplied by an aboveground tank, not to exceed 22-2.8.1.4 Overhead-type dispensing devices shall be provided with a 6000 gal (22 710 L), located at commercial, industrial, governmen- listed automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve without a latch-open tal, or manufacturing establishments, and intended for fueling device. vehicles used in connection with their business. Such dispensing may be permitted provided: Exception: A listed automatic~loslng type hose nozzle valve with latdvopen device may be used if the design of the system is such that the hose nozzle valve (a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made will close automatical 0 in the event the valve is released from a fiU opening or and approval granted by the authority having jurisdiction. upon impact with a driveway. (30.4:9-1.3) (b) The tank is safeguarded against collision, spillage, and overfill, 22-2.8.1.5 Dispensin!g nozzles used at marine service stations shall be to the satisfaction of the authority havingjurisdiction. of the automatic-closing type without a latch-open device. (30A:9- 1.4) (c) The ~rtk system is listed or approved for such aboveground use. 22-2.8.1.6 A hose nozzle valve used for dispensing Class I liquids into a container shall be manually held open during the dispensing (d) The tank complies with requirements for emergency relief operation. (30A:9-1.5) venting, and the tank and dispensing system meet the electrical classification requirements of the Code, and the tank complies with 22-2.8.2 Dispensing into Portable Containers. No delivery of any 2-1.7 of NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station Code. Class I or Class II liquid shall be made into portable containers unless the container is constructed of metal or is approved by the (e) The tank storage shall comply with NFPA 30, F/ammable and authority having jurisdiction, has a tight closure, and is fitted with a Combustible Liquids Cod~ Chapter 2. (30A:9-3.5) spout or so designed that the contents can be poured without spilling. (See NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 4-2.1, 22-2.8.4 Attended Self-Service Stations. for further information.) (30A:9-2) 22-2.8.4.1 Self-service station shall mean that portion of property 22-2.8.2.1 No sale or purchase of any Class I, Class II, or Class III where liquids used as motor fuels are stored and Subsequently liquids shall be made in containers unless such containers are clearly dispensed from fixed approved dispensing equipment into the fuel marked with the name of the product contained therein. (30A:9-2.1) tanks of motor vehicles by persons other than the service station attendant and may include facilities available for sale of other retail 22-2.8.2.2 Portable containers of12 gal (45 L) capacity or less shall products. (30.~9-4.1) not be filled while they are in or on a motor vehicle or marine craft. (30A:9-2.2) 22-2.8.4.2 Listed dispensing devices such as, but not limited to, coin- operated, card-operated, and remote controlled types are permitted 22-2.8.3 Attendance or Supervision of Dispensing. at serf-service stations. (30A:9-4.2)
22-2.8.3.1 Each service station shall have an attendant or supervisor 22-2.8.4.3 All attended self-service stations shall have at least one on dutywhenever the station is open for business, who shall dispense attendant on duty while the station is open for business. The liquids into fuel tanks or into containers, except as covered in attendant's primary function shall be to supervise, observe, and Sections 9-4 and 9-5 of NFPA 30.A, (30A:9-3.1) control the dispensing of Class I liquids while said liquids are actually being dispensed. (30A:9-4.3) 22-2.8.3.2 Listed serf-service dispensing devices are permitted at service stations provided that all dispensing of Class I liquids by a 22-2.8.4.4 It shall be the responsibility of the attendant to (a) person other than the service station attendant is under the prevent the dispensing of Class I liquids into portable containers not supervision and control of a qualified attendant. in compliance with 22-2.8.2.1 and 22-2.8.2.2, (b) prevent the use of hose nozzle valve latch-open devices that do not comply with 22- Exception: See Section 22-2. 8.5. (30,4:9-3.2) • 2.8.1,2, (c) control sources of ignition, and (d) immediately activate emergency controls and handle accidental spills and fire extinguish- 22-2.8.3.3 The provisions of 2-1.1 of NFPA 30A shall not prohibit ers if needed. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be mentally the temporary use of movable tanks in conjunction with the and physically capable of performing the functions and assuming dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids into the fuel tanks of the responsibility prescribed in 22-2.8.4.1 through 22-2.8.4.7. motor vehicles or other motorized equipment on premises not (30A:9-4.4) normally accessible to the public. Such installations shall only be made with the approval of the enforcing anthority. The approval 22-2.8.4.5 Emergency controls specified in 22-2.4.1.2 shall be shall include a definite time limit. (30A:9-3.3) installed at a location acceptable to the authority havingjurisdiction, but controls shall not be more than 100 ft (30 m) from dispensers. 22-2.8.3.4 The provisions of 2-1.1 of NFPA 30A shall not prohibit (30A:9-4.5) the dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in the open from a tank vehicle to a motor vehicle located at commercial, industrial, 22-2.8.4.6 Operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in governmental, or manufacturing establishments and intended for the dispensing area. (30A:9-4.6) fueling vehicles used in connection with their businesses. Such dispensing may be permitted provided: 22-2.8.4.7 The dispensing area shall at all times be in clear view of the attendant, and the placing or allowing of any obstacle to come (a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made between the dispensing area and the attendant control area shall be and approval granted by the authority havlngjurisdiction. prohibited. The attendant shall at all times be able to communicate with persons in the dispensing area. (30A=9-4.7) (b) The tank vehicle complies with the requirements covered in NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for bTaramable and Combustible 22-2.8.5 Uhattended Self-Service Stations. Liquids. 22-2.8.5.1 Unattended serf-service shall be permitted, subject to the (c) The dispensing hose does not exceed 50 ft (15 m) in length. approval of the authority having jurisdiction. Refer to NFPA 30A. (30A:9-5.1) (d) The dispensing nozzle is a listed automatic-closing type without a latch-open device.
383 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
22-2.8.5.2 Listed dispensing devices shall be used. Coin- and 22-2.8.9 Signs. Warning signs shall 'be conspicuously posted in the currency-type devices shall only be permitted with the approval of dispensing area incorporating the following or equivalent wording: the anthority having jurisdiction. (30A:9-5.2) (a) WARNING - It is unlawful and dangerous to dispense gasoline into unapproved containers, (b) No Smoking, and (c) Stop Motor. 22-2.8.5.3 Emergency controls specified in 22-2.4.1.2 shall be (30A:9-9) installed at a location acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, but the controls shall be more than 20 ft (7 m) but less than 100 ft 22-2.9 Service Stations, Pits, and Below-Grade and Sub-Floor Work (30 m) from the dispensers. Additional emergency controls shall be Areas. installed on each group of dispensers. Emergency controls shall shut off power to all dispensing devices at the station. Controls shall be 22-2.9.1 Walls, floors, and structural supports of pits mad below- manually reset only in a manner approved by the authority having grade and sub-floor work areas shall be constructed of masonry, jurisdiction. (30A:9-5.3) concrete, or other suitable noncombustible materials. (30A:5-1.1) 22-2.8.5.4 Operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in 22-2.9.2 Inpits, below-grade work areas, and sub-floor work areas, the dispensing area, and shall include location of emergency the required number, location, and construction of means of egress controls and a requirement that the user must stay outside of his/ shall comply with the provisions for special purpose industrial her vehicle, in view of the fueling nozzle during dispensing. (30A:9- occupancies in Chapter 28 of NFPA 101, Life Safety Cod~ Stairs shall 5.4) be noncombustible, slip-proof, and constructed with no accessible space underneath. (30ka5-1.2) 22-2.8.5]5 In addition to those warning signs specified in 22-2.8.9, emergency instructions shall be conspicuously posted in the 22-2.9.3 Pits, below-grade work areas, and sub-floor work areas shall disper/ser area incorporating the following or equivalent wording: be provided witl~ exhaust ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per sq ft (0.3 m per rain per m') of floor area at all times that the Emergency Instructions building is occupied or when vehicles are parked in or over these areas. Exhaust air shall be taken from a point within 12 in. (0.3 m) In case of fire or spill: of the floor of the pit, below-grade work area, or sub-floor work area. (30A:~1.3) 1. Use emergencystop btrtton. 22-3 Repair Garages. 2. Report accident by calling (specify local fire number) on the phone. Report location. (30A:9-5.5) 22-3.1 General. 22-2.8.5.6 A listed, automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve with 22-3.1.1 Application. latch-open device shall be provided.The system shall include listed equipment with a feature that causes or requires the closing of the 22-3.1.1.1 This section covers the construction and protection of, as hose nozzle valve before the product flow can be resumed or before well as the control of hazards in, garages used for major repair and the hose nozzle valve can be replaced in its normal position in the maintenance of motorized vehicles and any sales andservicing dispenser. (30A:9-5.6) facilities associated therewith. (88B:1-1.1)
22-2.8.5.7 A telephone or other approved, clearly identified means 22-3.1.1.2 Repair garages shall complywith this section and NFPA to notify the fire depa~ment shall be provided on the site in a 88B, Standard for Repair Garages. The requirements for existing location approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (30A:9-5.7) buildings may be modified by the authority havingjurisdiction if their application would be impractical, but only where it is clearly 22-2.8.5.8 Additional fLre protection shall be provided where evident that an acceptable level of safety is provided. required by the authority havingjurisdiction. Additional fire protection considerations may include such items as fixed suppres- 22-3.1.2 Special Def'mitions. sion systems, automatic fire detection, manual fire alarm stations, transmission of alarms to offsite locations, and limiting gallonage Commercial and Truck Repair Garages. Buildings, structures, or delivered per transaction. (30A:9-5.8) portions thereof used for the storage, maintenance, and repair of commercial motor vehicles or trucks, including fleets of motor 22-2.8.6 Drainage and Waste Disposal. vehicles operated by utilities, large businesses, mercantile, rental agencies, and other similar concerns. Facilities for the dispensing of 22-2.8.6.1 Provision shall be made in the area where Class I liquids motor fuels are commonly provided in connection with these are dispensed to prevent spilled liquids from flowing into the garages. (88B:1-3) interior of service station buildings. Such provision may be made by grading driveways, raising door sills, or other equally effective Repair Garages. Buildings, structures, or portions thereof wherein means. (30A:9-6.1) major repair, painting, or body and fender work is performed on motorized vehicles or automobiles; includes associated floor space 22-2.8.6.2 Crankcase drainings and liquids shall not be dumped into used for offices, parking, or showrooms. (88B:1-3) sewers, streams, or upon the ground, but shall he stored in approved tanks or containers outside any building, or in tanks installedin Taxlcab and Bus Repair Garages. Buildings, structures, or portions accordance with 22-2.2 and 22-2.3, untilremoved from the premises. thereof used for storage, maintenance, andrepalr of fleets of (30A:9-6.2) taxicabs, sedan-limonsine-type-motor vehicles, or motor buses. Facilities for the dispensing of motor fuels are commonly provided 22-2.8.7 Sources of Ignition. In addition to the previously stated in connection with these garages. (88B:1-3) restrictions of this chapter, smoking materials, including matches and lighters, shall notbe used within 20 ft (6 m) of areas used for 22-3.2 Construction. fueling, servicing fuel systems for internal combustion engines, or receiving or dispensing of Class I liquids. Conspicuous and legible 22-3.2.1 General Requirements. A repair garage shall not be signs prohibiting smoking shall be posted within sight of the located within or attached to a building or structure used for any customer being served. The motors of all equipment being fueled " purpose other than a repair garage unless separated by walls or shall be shut off during the fueling operation except for emergency partitions, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance generators, pumpg, etc., where continuing operation is essential. rating of not less than 2 hr. (88B:2-1.3) (30A:9-7) - - - 22-3.2.2 Internal Subdivisions. 22-2.8.8 Fire Control. Each service station shall be provided with one or more listed fire extinguishers having a minimum classifica- 22-3.2.2.1 Any single area occuLqied for salesrooms, showrooms, tion of 40B:C located so that an extinguisher will be within 100 ft (30 offices, or similar spaces 1500 ft~ (139.4 m ) or more in area shall be m) of each pump, dispenser, underground fill pipe opening, and separated from vehicle repair or parking areas by walls or partitions, lubrication or service room. (30ka9-8) floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. (88B:2-2.1) 22-2.8.8.1 Where required, automatic fire suppression systems shall be installed in accordance with appropriate NFPA standards, 22-3.2.2.2 Any single area occupie,gt for salesrooms, showrooms, manufacturers' instructions, and the listing requirements of the orifices, or similar spaces of 1500 ft" (139.4 m') or less in area shall systems. ( See Chapter 10 of NFPA 30A for referencedpublications. ) be separated from vehicle repair or parking areas by walls or (3o~u9-8.1) 384 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP partitions, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies constructed in such a 22-3.3.1.4 Approved suspended unit heaters shall be located not less manner as to restrict the passage of smoke, vehicle exhaust gases, than 8 ft (2.4 m) above the floor and installed in accordance with and odors from the repair or parking area to these spaces. (88B:2- the conditions of their approval. (88B:3-2.3.1) 2.2) 22-3.3.1.5 Return air openings in motor vehicle repair or parking 22-3.2.2.3 Parts storage areas exceeding 1500 ft 2 (139.4 m 2) shall areas shall be not less than 18 in. (0.5 m) above floor level measured be separated from all other ~ortions of the building by walls, to the bottom of the openings. (88B:3-2.4.1) partitions, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. (88B:2-2.3) 22-3.3.1.6 Recirculated air shall not be taken from anyfloors below grade level. (88B:3-2.4.2) 22-3.2.2.4 Garage occupancies shall be separated from other portions of a multitenanted building as required in 22-3.2.1. Heating 22-3.3.2 Ventilation. equipment shall be separated or enclosed in accordance with 22- 3.3.1.3 and 22-3.3.1.4. (88B:2-2.4) 22-3.3.2.1 Combined ventilation and heating systems shall not recirculate air from areas below grade level. (88B:3-3.2) 22-3.2.3 Floors. 22-3.3.2.2 Below-grade areas occupied for repairing, or communi- 22-3.2.3.1 In areas of repair garages used for repair or servicing of cating areas located below a repair garage, shall be continuously vehicles, floor assemblies shall be constructed of noncombustible ventilated by a mechanical ventilating system having positive means materials or, if combustible materials are used in the assembly, shall fog exhausting badoor air ata rate of not less than 1 cfin/sq ft (1 be surfaced with approved noncombustible material. Floors shall be m /min per m") of floor area. An approved means shall be liquidtight to prevent the leakage or seepage of liquids and shall be provided for introducing an equal amount of outdoor air. (88B:3- sloped to facilitate the movement of water, fuel, or other liquids to 3.3) floor drains. (88B:2-3.1) 22-3.3.2.3 Exhaust duct openings for required ventilation shall be so 22-3.2.3.2 In areas of repair garages where motor fuels are located as to effectively remove vapor accumulations at floor level dispensed or where vehicles are serviced, if floor drains are from all parts of the repair area. (88B:3-3.4) provided, they shall be properly trapped and shall discharge through an oil separator to the sewer or to an outside vented sump. (88B:2- 22-3.3.3 Repair Areas. 3.2) 22-3.3.3.1 Pits so arranged that natural ventilation cannot be used 22-3.2.3.3 The contents of oil separators and traps of floor drainage shall be provided with ata individual ventilating system capable of systems shall be collected at sufficiently frequent intervals to prevent rOviding a complete air change every five minutes with the intake oil from being carried into the sewers. (88B:2-3.3) cated near floor level. (88B:~-4.5.1)
22-3.2.4 Pits and Sub-Floor WorkAreas. Pits and sub-floor work 22-3.3.3.2 Cleaning of parts shall be performed with a nonflam- areas shall comply with the following: mable solvent
(a) Walls, floors, and piers shall be constructed of masonry, Exception: A combustible liquid with a flash point above I O0°F (37.8°C) concrete, or other suitable noncombustible material. (closed cup) rna3 be used for this purpose provided adequate ventilation is supplied and no sources of ignition are present in the cleaning area. (88B:3- (b) Pits shall have a minimum of two unobstructed means of egress 4.7.1) to prevent trapping of personnel in the event of fire. Steps shall be noncombustible and slip resistant and constructed with no accessible 22-3.3.3.3 A device for heating solvents that give off flammabl e or storage space beneath. toxic vapors when heated shall be provided with a limit control to revent the solvent from exceeding a temperature 50°F (10°C) (c) Ventilation and drainage of pits and sub-floor work areas shall ~ elow the point at which flammable or toxic vapors are released. be in accordance with the provisions of 22-3.3.3.1. (88B:2-7) (88B:3-4.7.3) 22-3.3 Hazards. 22-3.3.3.4 Direct-fired parts cleaners shall not be installed or used below grade. (88B:3-4.7.4) 22-3.3.1 Heating. 22-3.3.4 Housekeeping. 22-3.3.1.1 Heating equip ment shall be of an approved type. Improvised furnaces, salamanders, or space heaters shall not be 22-3.3.4.1 An authorized employee, an officer of the firm, or the permitted. (88B:3-2.1.1) owner shall make daily inspections of the garage and shall be responsible for the prompt removal or repair of any hazardous 22-3.3.1.2 Heating equipment shall be installed to conform with condition, including proper maintenmace of equipment and safety NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and devices and the immediate removal of accumulations of combustible Ventilating Systems;, NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning materials. (88B:3-6.1) Equipmeng NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code; NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel Burning Appllances; and NFPA 22-3.3.4.2 Clear aisle space shall be maintained to permit ready 82, Standard on Incinerators, and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and access to and the use of fire-fighting equipment. (88B:3-6.2) Equipment, as applicable, except as hereinafter specifically provided. (8813.'3-2.1.3) 22-3.3.4.3 Floors shall be kept clean and free of oil and grease. Only approved water solutions or detergents, floor sweeping compounds, 22-3.3.1.3 Heating equipment shall be installed in a detached and grease absorbents shall be used for cleaning floors. (88B:3-6.3) building or room, separated from repair areas by walls or partitions, floor, or floor-ceiling assemblies that are constructed so as to 22-3.3.4.4 Metal lockers shall be provided for employees' clothes. prohibit the transmission of vapors and having a fire resistance (88B:3-6.4) ting of not less than one (1) hr with no openings in the wall separating the repair area within 8 ft (2.4 m) of the floor. Wall 22-3.3.4.5 Approved metal receptacles with self-closing covers shall penetrations shall be fre-stopped. Air for combustion purposes shall be provided for the storage or disposal of oil-soaked waste or cloths. be obtained from outside the building. The heating room shall be (88B:3-6.5) used for storage of combustible materials, except for fuel storage as permitted by the standards referenced in 22-3.3.1.2. 22-3.3.4.6 Combustible rubbish shall be placed in covered metal receptacles until removed to a safe place for disposal. Contents of Exception No. 1: Unit heaters, where installed in accordance with 3-2.3 of such containers shall be removed daily. (88B:3-6.6) NFPA 88B. Ventilation requirements of this section do not apply. 22-3.3.4.7 Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated areas Exception No. 2: Heating equipment for vehicle repair areas where there is no subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. (88B:3- dispensing or transferring of Class I or lI flammable or combustible liquids, or 6.7) liquefied petroleum gas, shall be installed in acoordance with NFPA 30A. (88B:3-2.2)
385 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
22-3.4 Protection. 26.1.1.2 This section specifies the minimum fire protection requirements for the construction and protection of airport terminal 22-3.4.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Approved extinguishers, buildings. (416:1-1) installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for PortableFire Extinguishers, shall be provided in all repair garages. 26-1.2 Special Definitions. (416:1-4) (88B:4-3) Airport Ramp. Any outdoor area, including aprons and h'ardstands, 22-$.4.2 Standpipes. All repair garages that exceed a height ofSO ft on "~hich aircraft may be positioned, stored, serviced, or maintained, (15.2 m) or have parking levels below grade or are unsprinklered irrespective of the nature of the surface of the area. • and more than one story in height shall be provided with one or more standpipes conforming to the provisions of NFPA 14, Standard Airport Terminal Building. A structure used primarily for air for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. (88B:4-4) passenger enplaning or deplaning, including ticket sales, flight reformation, linggage handling, and other necessary functions in connection with air transport operations. The term airport terminal 22-3.4.3 Employee Instruction. Employees of all repair garages shall building includes any extensions and satellite buildings used for be instructed with respect to the importance of transmitting fire passenger handling or aircraft flight service functions. Aircraft alarms promptly and shall be trained in the use of available private loading walkways and "mobile lounges" are excluded. fire-fighting facilities. (88B:4-5) Satellite. A structure that may be adjacent to but separated from 22-4 Dry Cleaning Plants. the airport terminal building, access~le aboveground or through subway passages, and used to provide flight service operations, i.e., 22-4.1 New and existing dry cleaning plants shall comply with NFPA passenger check-in, waiting rooms, food service, enplaning or • 32, StandardforDrydeamng Plants. deplaning, etc~ 22-4.2 See Section 1-15 for Permits Required. 26-1.3 General. Chapter 23 Storage Occupancies 26-1.3.1 Aircraft terminal buildings shall be of Type I, Type II, or Type IV construction as defined in NFPA 220, Standard on Types of (416:2-1.1) 23-1 Application. Building Construction. 26-1.3.2 Interior finish shall be limited to that permitted in Class A 23-1.1 New and existing storage occupancies shall complywith the l~laces ofassemblyas specified in NFPA 101, LifeSafety Code (416:2- referenced edition of NFPA i01.
23-1.2 Storage occupancies used for the storage of hazardous 26-1.3.3 Below-grade areas or blind spaces in airport terminal materials shall also comply with Chapter 27. buildings shall I~e protected against flammable ftiel or vapor penetration or shall be mechanicallyventilated to provide at least 23-2 Special Provisions. four complete air changes per hour. The mechani~zal ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with Chapters 2 and $ of. 23-2.1 The storage of combustibles up to 30 ft (9.2 m); or the NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systemsfor Air Conveying of Materials. storage of plastics (Group B and Group C - all configurations; Group (416:2-1.4) A - free-flowing only) up to 30 ft (9.2 m) in height; or storage of Group A plasucs (except free-flowing) up to 25 ft (7.6 m) in height 26-1.4 Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning. shall comply with this section and NFPA 23!, Standard for General 26-1.4.1 Air supply intake and exhaust openings for air conditioning Storagg or ventilating e~lhipment serving the terminal building, if located on the rampsid-e, shall be not less than 10 ft (31 m) above the .g.g.g.g~e Exception: Existing buildings. level of {he ramp and at least 50 ft (15.3 m) from any point ot flammable vapor release. (416:2-2.2) 23-2.2 The storage of combustibles stored over 12 ft (3.7 m) in height on racks shall be in accordance with NFPA 231C, Standard for 26-1.4.2 Openings to rooms containing coal-, gas-, or oil-fired Rack Storage of Materials. equipment, or any rooms containing any other open flame device, that face the ramp side of the terminal shall be above ramp grade Exception: Existing buildings. and 50 ft (15.3 rn) from any point of flammable vapor release. 23-3 Aircraft Hangars. New aircraft hangars shall comply with NFPA (416:2-2.3) 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars. 26-1.4.3 Stacks or chimneys from a boiler, heater, or incinerator 23-4 Bulk Storage Elevators. Bulk storage elevators shall comply shall terminate at least 20 ft (6.1 m) above ramp grade and above with NFPA 61, S-tandardfor the Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in the roof of the building. Stacks or chimneys from boilers or heaters Agricultural and Food Products Facilities. using solid fuel, or any incinerator, shall be fitted with double screening to control fly ash and sparks. Such stacks or chimneys shall 23-5 Parking Garages. New and existing parking garages shall be located so the outlet is at least 100 ft (30.5 m) horizontally from comply withNFPA 88A, Standard for Parking Structures. any aircraft position or point of flammable vapor release. (416:2-2.4) 23-6 Tire Storage. 26-1.5 Exits. If emergency exits discharge directly onto an airport ramp, the doors shall be clearlyplacarded "Emergency Exit Only" in 23-6.1 Storage of tires shall comply with NFPA 231D, Standard for letters at least 2 in. (5.1 cm) high. (416:2-3.2) Storage of Rub-ber Tires. Exception: Existing buildings. 26-1.6 Fire Protection. 23-6.2 See Section 1-15 for permit required. 26-1.6.1 Fire hydrants shall be provided on both the ramp and street sides of airport terminal buildings. Such hydrants shall be located so Chapter 24 (Reserved) that no portion of the terminal building is more than 500 ft (152.5 m) from a hydrant. (416:3-3)
Chapter 25 Special Structures and High Rise Buildings 26-1.6.2 Standpipe and hose systems shall be provided for all airport terminal buildings in excess of two stories [35 ft (10.7 m)] in height 25-1 Application. New and existing special structures and high rise or 100 ft (30.5 m) in shortest horizontal dimension. Such standpipe buildings shall comply with the referenced edition of NFPA 101. and hose systems shall be Class III systems installed in accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the lnstallation of Standpipe and Hose Chapter 26 Airports and Heliports Systems. (416:3-4) 26-1 Construction and Protection of Airport Terminal Buildings. 26-1.6.3 Water supply from pubfic or private sources shall be adequate to supply maximum calculated sprinkler demand plus a 26-1.1 Application. minimum of 500 gal per minute for hose streams. Where sprinklers are not provided, a minimum of 1000 gfl per minute at not less than 26-1.1.1 Airport terminal buildings shall comply with the require- 20 psi residual pressure shall be provide~l to supply fare department ments of this section and NFPA 416, Standard on Construction-and pumpers. The supply shall be available at the rate specifiedfor a Protection of Airport Terminal Buildings. period of at least one hour. (416:3-5) 386 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
26-1.6.4 Means to alert the public fire department or the airport fire 26-2.8 A foam fire protection system shall be designed and installed stadon shall be available through manual fire alarm pull stations to protect the pracucal critical fire area (see Table 26-2. 8). installed in accordance with Chapter 8. (416:3-2.1) Exception: This requireraent does not apply to the following: 26-1.6.5 Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided throughout the airport terminal building in accordance with Section 6-6. (416:3- (a) Parking garages. 6) (b) Elevated structures that are not on buildings and are not normally 26-1.7 Covered Plane-Loading Positions. Airport terminal buildings occupied. having large canopy areas or roofed-over recesses at aircraft loading positions that, in effect, place the aircraft totally or substantially (c) Other similar structures. (418:3-7) under such canopies or roofs shall have these canopies or roofs protected by automatic sprinkler systems in accordfince with NFPA Table 26-2.8 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars. (416:3-7)
26-2 Roof-Top Hefiport Construction and Protection. Category Helicopter Overall Practical Critical 26-2.1 Application. Roof-top heliport construction and protection Length* Fire Area shall comply with this section andNFPA 418, Standard onHdiports. H-! Up to but not including 375 ft2 26-2.2 Main structural support members that would be'exposed to a 50 ft fuel spill shall be made fire resistant using listed materials and methods to give a fire-resistive rating of not less than two hours. H-2 From 50 ft up to but 840 ft 2 (418:3-1) not including 80 ft 26-2.3 The landing pad shall be pitched to provide drainage away H-3 From 80 ft up to but 1440 ft2 from passenger holding areas, access points, stairways, elevator not including 120 ft shafts, ramps, hatches, and other openings. (418:3-2) *Helicopter length, including the tail boom and the rotors. 26-2.4 The landing pad surface shall be constructed of noncombus- tible, nonporous materials that are approved. The contiguous building roof covering within 50 ft (15 m) of the landing pad edge 26-2.8.1 The discharge rates and minimum amounts of water for shall have a Class A rating. (418:3-3) foam production for a semifLxed system shall be as specified in Table 26-2.8.1. 26-2.5 Any pits or other penetrations on the roof beneath the landing padand within 1-5 ft (4.5 m) laterally_ of the edge of the Exception No. 1: A fixed foam system may be used to satisfy thistrequirement. landing pad shall be equipped with approved raised edges at least 3 The dischage rates for a fixed foara systc]n shall be O. 10 g~Om/fUfor aquea)zs in. (7.5~cm) in height around the opening to prevent entry of fuel. film-forraingfoam (AFFF), O. 16 g~n/ft" for protein foam, or O. 16 g~m/fl" (418:3-4) for fluoroprotein foam for a duration of 5 minutes. 26-2.6 At least two approved means of egress from the landing pad edge shall be providedand shall be remotely located from each Exception No. 2: Two portable foam fire extinguishers having a rating of 20- other to the extent practical. (418:3-5) A:160-B each may be used to satisfy this requirement for Category t1-1. (418:3-7.1) 26-2.6.1 For heliports occupied by 50 or morepeople, two approved means of egress from the roof shall be providedand shall be remotely located from each other to the extent practical but shall 26-2.8.2 The water supply for the foam system shall be from a not be located less than 30 ft (9.1 m) from each other. For heliports reliable source, approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. occupied by fewer than 50 people, one approved means of egress (418:3-7.2) from the roof shall be provided. (418:3-5.I) 26-2.8.2.1 Fire pumps, if used, shall be installed in accordance with 26-2.6.2 Means of egress from the landing pad and roof shall not NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Purap~ (418:3- obstruct flight operations. (418:3-5.2) 7.2.1) 26-2.7 The helicopter landing pad shall have at least two access 26-2.8.2.2 Standpipes and hose stations, if used, shall be installed in points for fire-fighfing purposes. Access for fire-fighting personnel through landing pad egress shall be permitted. (4-18:3-6) accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose S~stems. (418:3-7.2.2)
Table 26-2.8.1 Minimum Extinguishing Agent Quantities and Discharge Rates
AFFF Fluoroprotein Foam Protein Foam Discharge Discharge Discharge Heliport Water Rate Water Rate Water Rate Category U.S. Gal gpm U.S. Gal gpm U.S. Gal gpm
H-1 98 49 135 68 150 75 H-2 220 109 302 151 336 168 H-3 374 187 518 259 576 288 NOTE: Discharge rate may be adjusted slightly to reflect equipment available. Examples: (1) 190 gpm = 2 hose lines @ 95 gpm each. (2) 250 gpm = 2 hose lines @ 125 gpm each. (3) 285 8~m = 3 hose lines @ 95 gpm each.
387 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
26-2.8.2.3 Where freezingis possible, adequate freeze protection 27-1.3 Special Definitions. shall be provided. (418:3-7.2.3) Compatible Material. A material that, when in contact with an 26-2.8.3 The foam components shall be installed in a readily oxidizer, will not react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its accessible area of the heliport and shall not penetrate the primary decomposition. approach, departure, and transitional surfaces defined inpara- graphs 3J, 3K and 3L and 13 and 21 of FAA A/C 150/5390-2, Container. Anyvessel of 60 U.S. gal (227 L) or less capacity used for ~efiport Design Advisory Circular. (418:3-7.3) transporting or storing liquids. (30:1-2)
26-2.8.4 At facilities where there is more than one landingpad, the Deflagration. Propagation of a combustion zone at avelocity that is supply of foam available shall be sufficient to cover an incident on at less than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium. (68:1-3) least one of the pads. (418:3-7.4) Detonation. Propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that js 26-2.8.5 Where fixed foam systems utilizing fixed deck nozzles and/ greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium. (68:1-3) or oscillating foam turrets are installed, system components shall be listed or approved. (418:3-7.5) Explosion. The bursting or rupture of an enclosure or a container due to the development of internal pressure from a deflagration. 26-2.9 ff a building with a rooftop heliport is supplied with a (68:1-3) standpipe system, a Class II standpipe shall be extended to the roof level on which the rooftop heliport is located. Such standpipe Incompatible Material. A material that, when in contact with an systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 14. (418:3-8) oxidizer, can cause hazardous reactions or can promote or initiate decomposition of the oxidizer. 26-2.10 Where buildings are provided with a fire alarm system, a manual pull station shall be provided for each designated means of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Written or printed material egress from the roof. (418:3-9) concerning a hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.1200. 26-2.11 Portable F'tre Extinguishers. Organic Peroxide. Any organic compound having a double oxygen 26-2.11.1 At least one portable fire extinguisher as specified in or ~-peroxy" (-o-o-) group in its chemical structure. (43B:1-5) Table 26-2.11.1 shall be provided for each takeoff and landing area, parking area, and fuel storage area. (418:5-1) Organic Peroxide Formulation. A pure drganic peroxide or a mixture of one or more organic peroxides with one or more other materials in various combinations and concentrations. (43B:1-5) Table 26-2.11.1 Minimum Ratingsof Portable Fire Extinguishers for Heliport Categories Classification of Organic Peroxide Formulations. For the purpose of this code, organic peroxide formulations shall be classified according to the system described in this section. The system is Helicopter Overall based on the behavior of certain specific formulations in their U.S. Category Length* Minimum Rating Department of Transportation or Canadian Ministry of Trax~port approved shipping containers and under conditions of fire H-I Up to but not including 4-A:80-B exposure. (SeeAppendix B for classification of Opical organicperoxide 5O ft formulations.) H-2 From 50 ft up to, but 10-A:120-B C/ass L Those formulations that are capable of deflagration but not not including, 80 ft detonation. (43B:1-6.1) H-3 From 80 ft up to, but 30-A:240-B not including, 120 ft Class II. Those formulations that burn very rapidly and that present a severe reactivity hazard. (43B:1-6.2) *Helicopter length, including the tail boom and the rotors. Class I//. Those formulations that bum rapidly and that present a moderate reactivity hazard. (43B:1-6.3) 26-2.11.2 Portable fire extinguishers shall comply with Chapters 1, 4, 5, and 6 of NFPA 10, Standard for PortableFire Extinguishers. (418:5-2) Class/g. Those formulations that bum in the same manner as ordinary combustibles and that present a minimal reactivity hazard. (43B:1-6.4) . PART V SPECIAL PROCESSES AND MATERIAL HANDLING Class V. Those formulations that burn with less intensity than ordinary combustibles or do not sustain combustion and that present no reactivity hazard. (43B:1-6.5) Chapter 27 Hazardous Materials and Chemicals Organic Peroxide Storage Area. An area used for the storage of 27-1 General Requirements. organic peroxide formulations. (43B:1-5)
27-1,1 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to provide require- Segregatedstorags. Storage in the same room or inside area, but ments for the prevention, control, and mitigation of dangerous physically separated by distance from incompatible materials. (See conditions relatedxo the storage of solid and liquid oxidizers and Chapter3 of NFPA 43B.) (43B:1-7.1) organic peroxide formulations. ( S~ Appendix B for the classification of hazard categories and hazard evaluations.) Cut-offstorage. Storage in the same building or inside area, but Pwalbysicallyseparated from incompatible materials by partitions or 27-1.2 Application. The specific requirements in this section shall Is. (See Chapter 4.) (43B:1-7.2) apply to all oxidizers that are liquid or solid at ambient tempera- tures, and to commercially available organic peroxide formulations Detached Storage. Storage in either an open outside area or a in U.S. Department of Transportation or Canadian Ministry of separate building contmning no incompatible materials and located Transport approved packages. away from all other structures. (See Chapter5 ofNFPA 43B.) (43B:1- 7.3) Exception No. i: This code shall not appO to the storage of solld and liquid oxidizersfor normal use on the premises of single-farniO dwellings. (430:1- Oxidizer. Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing 1.1) gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials. Examples of other oxidizing gases include Exception No. 2: The quantity and arrangement limits in NFPA 430 shall bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. (430:1-5) not apply to the storage of oxidizers at manufacturing plants whereoxidizers are manufactured. (430:1-1.3) Classification of Oxidizers. For the purpose of this section, oxidizers shall be classified according to the system described in this Excvption No. 3: The storage of organic pe~'oxideformulations in process section. The classification is based on the NFPA's Technical areas where they are manufactured or used. (43B:1-1.2) Committee on Hazardous Chemicals' evaluation of available
388 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP scientific and technical data, actual experience, and its considered 27-2.3.7 The quantities provided for sprinklered retail sales areas opinion. See definition of oxidizer above. (450:1-6) shall be permitted to be applied to a maximum of two sales areas within one retail sales store if the two sales areas are separated from Class 1. An oxidizer whose primary hazard is that it slightly each other by a fire partition having at least a 1-hour fire resistance increases the burning rate but does not cause spontaneous ignition rating. (430:2-4.4.7) when it comes in contact with combustible materials. (430:1-6.1) 27-2.4 Where two or more different classes of oxidizers are stored in C/ass 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in the the same segregated, cut-off, or detached area, the maximum burning rate or that may cause spontaneous ignition of combustible quantity permitted for each class shall be limited to the sum of the materials with which it comes in contact. (430-1-6.2) maximum proportion permitted for that class. The total of the Class 3. An oxidizer that will cause a severe increase in the burning proportional amounts shall not exceed 100 percent. (430:2-5) rate of combustible materials with which it comes in contact or tbat will undergo vigorous self-sustained decomposition due to contami- 27-2.5 Paragraphs 27-2.6 through 2%2.9 shall apply as appropriate nation or exposure to heat. (430:1-6.3) for Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 storage exceeding the threshold limits specified in Table 27-2.5. Chapter 2 of NFPA 430 Class 4. An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due to shall also apply to the storage of Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 contamination or exposure to therm~d or physical shock. In oxidizers. addition, the oxidizer will enhance the burning rate and may cause spontaneous ignition of combustibles. (430:1-6.4) Unstable (Reactive). A chemical that in the pure state, or as Table 27-2.5 Liquid and Solid Oxidizers--Threshold Limits produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or become self-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature. Oxidizer Class Threshold Limits (lb)
27-1.4 See Section 1-15 for Permits Required. Class 1 4000 Class 2 1000 27-2 Liquid and Solid Oxidizers. Class 3 200 Class 4 10 27-2.1 Indoor storage of liquid and solid oxidizers shall be in accordance with this section and NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers.
27-2.2 General Storage Arrangements. 27-2.6 Class I Oxidizers. 27-2.2.1 The arrangement and quantity of oxidizers in storage shall 27-2.6.1 The storage of Class I oxidizers shall be segregated, cut off, depend upon their classification, type of container, type of storage or detached. (430:3-2.1) (segregated, cutoff, or detached), and fire protection as specified in the succeeding section and in the manufacturer's or processor's 27-2.6.2 Storage of Class 1 oxidizers shall be in accordance with instructions. (430:2-4.1) . Tables 2%2.6.2(a) and 27-2.6.2(b). (430:3-2.2) 27-2.2.1.1 The arrangement and quantity of oxidizers in storage may be permitted to deviate from the requirements of NFPA 430 where specially engineered fire prevention or fke protection systems acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction are provided. (430:2- 4.1.1) Table 27-2.6.2(a) Storage of Class 1 Oxidizers 27-2.2.2 Oxidizers shall be stored to avoid contact with incompatible Nonaprinklered Building materials such as ordinary combustibles, combustible or flammable liquids, greases, and those materials that could react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its decomposition. This shall not Nonretail Retail include approved packaging materials, pallets, or other dunnage. FJtabli~hmeat EstablLshmente
Exception: Hydrogen peroxide (Classes 2 through 4) stored in drums shall not Building limit (tons) 200 (181 met ton) 15 (13.6 met ton) be stored on wooden pallets. (430:2-4.2) Pile limit (tons) 20 (18 met ton) 2 (1.8 met ton) Pile height (ft) 8 (2.4m) 6 (1.8m) 27-2.2.2.1 Special care shall be taken to prevent any contamination Pile width (ft) 16 (4. 9 m) 8 (2.4 m) of oxidizers in storage. (430:2-4.2.1) Maximum distance from any container 27-2.3 Retail Storage of Oxidizers. to a working 27-2.3.1 Oxidizers in retail storage areas accessible to the public able fit) 8 (2.4m) 4 (1.2 m) shall be arranged in retail display as described in 27-2.3.2 through Distance to next 27-2.3.7. (430:2-4.4.1) p'de (ft) Distance to wall (ft) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 27-2.3.2 Shelves and vertical barriers shall be placed between Distance to incompatible materials and shall be solid and of noncombustible incompatible construction. (430:2-4.4.2) material fit) 12 (3.7m) 10 (3m) 27-2.3.3 Solid oxidizers shall not be stored directly beneath *TotalJ in thil column are for storage in thole areas of a retail ccJmpancy incompatible liquids. (430:2-4.4.3) not accenible to the public and separated from the sala di,play area by a minimum of 1-hr fire-resiative comtruction. For storage in retail sales dh. 27-2.3.4 Shelves shall be no greater than 24 in. (61 cm) deep. play areM, see 27-2.3. (430:2-4.4.4) **Aide width equal to pile height. 27-2.3.5 Storage shall be no greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) high. (430:2- 4.4.5) 27-2.3.6 The total amount of oxidizers in all classes shall be limited to 2 tons (1814 kg) in nonsprinklered areas and 4 tons (3630 kg) in sprinklered areas. Sprinklers shall be designed for the most severe class of oxidizer present. (430:2-4.4.6)
389 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
Table 27-2.6&(b) Storage ef Class 10zidizen S].~deml ]S..;'a;-~ Exception: Wooden binsproteaed with a compatible coating toprevent impregnation of the combustible material b3 the oxidizer are pe,nissible. Nmmall itetd Emabilahmem Xs~liah,.,,-t** 27-2.6.4.4 Storage shall be managed to prevent excessive dust accumulation. (430:3-2.4.4) Building limit (toe*) 2000 (1814 met ton) 30 (27 met ton) Pile limit (tam) 200 (181 met ton) 4 (3.6 met ton) 27-2.6.5 Sprinkler Protection. Pile height (it) 12 (3.7 m) 8 (2.4 m) Pile width (it) 24 (~.3 m) 12 (s.7 m) 27-2.6.5.1 Sprinkler protection for Class 1 oxidizers sh~ll bein M=~imuln distance accordance with NFPA 231, Standard for GeneralStorage, or NFPA from an7 con~;,,er 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Mate~als, whichever is applicable. to a working (430:3-3.1) a~ (ft) 12 ($.7 m) 6 (1.8m) Distance to next 27-2.6.5.2 For the purpose of applying the requirements in NFPA pile (ft) 231, Standard for GeneralStoragg and NFPA 231 C, Standard for Rack Distance to wall (it) 2 (0.6m) 2 (0.era) Storage of MateTials, Class 1 oxidizers in noncombustible or combus- Distance to tible containers (paper bags or noncombustible containers with incompat~e removable combustible liners) shall be designated as a Class 1 material (ft) 8 (2.4m) 8 (9.4m) commodity;, as a Class 2 commodity where contained in fiber packs *If the ~ b m be ¢mxddemd ~pdaklen~ tee ~ 274~JL or noncombustible containers in combustible packaging; and as a **Touth ht thb ~lunm a~e for mmqle in them aNu of a mall em~pan~ Class 3 commodity where contained in plastic containers. (430:3-3.2) not amiable to the Futlk, aad ~ed tram the rile*di*#ay a~ea by a mh,;mum of l-hr ~ ~ For amrage in retaa salesdis- 27-2.6.5.3 Sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with play areas, ~ee 27-U. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. (430:3-3.3) ***Aide width equal m ~ height 27-2.6.3 The buildinglimit (tons) shall be permitted to be four 27-2.7 Class 2 Oxidizers. times the quantities shown in Table 27-2.6.2(b) if all of the following conditions are met: 27-2.7.1 The storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be segregated, cut off, or detached. (430:4-2.1) (a) Storage is cut off or detached; 27-2.7.2 Cutoff walls shall have a fire resistance rating of at least one (b) Storage is in nonretail occupandes; and hour. (430:4-2.2)
(c) Noncombustible containers are used or buildings are 27-2.7.3 Storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be in accordance with noncombustible. Tables 27-2.7.$~(a) and 27-2.7.3(b). (430:4-2.3) 27-2.7.4 The buildinglimit (tons) shall be permitted to be four Note: Only the building limit, not the pile limit, height, or times the quantities shown in Table 27-2.7.$(b) if all of the following width, can be increased by this provision. (450:$-2.3) conditions are met: 27-2.6.4 Bulk Storage. (a) Storage shall be cutoff or detached; 27-2.6.4.1 Bulk storage in combustible buildings shall not come in (b) Storage is located in nonretail occupancies; and contact with combustible building members unless the members are protected by a compatible coating to prevent their impregnation by (c) Noncombustible containers are used or buildings are the oxidizer. (430:3-2.4.1) noncombustible. 27-2.6.4.2 Bulk storage, either in permanent bins or piles, shall be Note: Onlythe building limit, not the pile limit, height, or separated from all other materials. (430:3-2.4.2) width, can be increased-by this provision. (430:4-2.4) 27-2.6.4.3 Bins shall be of noncombustible construction. (430:.3- 2.4.3)
Table 27-2.7.q(a) Storage a[ Class 2 Oxidizers Nonsprlnldered BuildinK
Segregated Storage Cutoff Storage Detached Storage Process Plant Retail* Process Plant Ret~l* General Warehouse F.~abli=hment General Warehouse Establishment Building limit (tom) 50 (45 met ton) 10 (8.8 met ton) 200 (181 met ton) 15 (13.6 met ton) 300 (272 met ton) Pile limit (tons) l0 (8.8 met ton) 1 (0.91 met ton) 20 (18.1 met ton) 2 (1.8 met ton) 30 (27~. met ton) Pile height (it) 6 (1.8 m) 4 (1.2 m) 8 (2.4 m) 8 (2.4 m) 8 (2.4 m) Pile width (ft) 8 (2.4 m) 8 (2.4 m) 12 (3.7 m) 8 (2.4 m) 16 (4.9 m) Maximum distance from any container to a working aide (ft) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (12 m) 6 (1.8 m) 4 (1.2 m) 8 (2.4 m) Distance to next pile(ft) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Distance to wall (ft) 4 (1.~ m) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) Distance to incompati- ble material (ft) 12 (3.7 m) 12 (3.7 m) *** *** *** *** *** ***
*Totals in this column are for swrage in those areas ¢~ a retailoccupancy not accessibleto the public and separated from the sales display area by a cutoff wall in accordance with 27-2.7.2. For storage in retail sales display areas, see 27-2.3. **~sle width equal to pile height. ***Not permiued by def~itio~
390 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Table 27-2.7,$(b) Storage d Chum 20xidizem SprY-Stared Bn;Iding*
Segregated Storage Cutoff Stomp sump Proemm Plant ltetaile* Pmce~ Plant ltetmilea General Warehouse Emlabliabmat Geaend Warehouse F_adabllalmmeat Building limit (tons) 100 (91 met ton) 20 (18.1 met ton) 1000 (907 met ton) $0 (27.2 met ton) 2000 (1814 met ton) Pile limit (tons) 20 (18.1 met ton) 2 (1.8 met ton) 100 (91 met ton) 5 (4.5 met ton) 200 (181 met ton) Pile height*** (ft) *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Pile width (ft) 16 (4.9 m) 8 (2.4 m) 25 (7.6 m) 8 (2.4 m) 25 (7.6 m) Maximum distance from any container to a working aisle (ft) 8 (2.4 m) 4 (1.2 m) 12 (3.7 m) 6 (1.8 m) 12 (3.7 In) Distance to next pile (ft) **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** Distance to wall (ft) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.6 In) Distance to incompat- ible material (ft) 12 (3.7 m) 12 (3.7 m) ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** *If the storage is considered to be sprinldered, see Section 4-4 of NFPA 450. **Torah in M column are for storage in these areas of a retail occupancy not accem'ble to the public and separated from the sales display area by a cutoff wall in accordance with 27-9.7.2. For storage in reudl sales display areas, see 27-2.3. ***See 4-2.7 and Table 4-4.1 of NFPA 430. ****Aisle width equal to pile height. *****Not permitted by definition.
27-2.7.5 Storage in giass carboys shall not be more than two carboys 27-2.8.2 Class 3 oxidizer storage shall be on the ground floor only. high. (430:4-2.5) (430:5-2.2)
27-2.7.6 Storage in basements is prohibited. 27-2.8.3 Cutoffs shall have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hr. (430:5-2.3) Exc~tion: Where the oxidizer is stored infixed tanks. (430:4-2.6) 27-2.8.4 Storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be in accordance with 27-2.7.7 Building Construction. Tables 27-2.8.4(a) and 27-2.8.4(b). (450:5-2.4) 27-2.7.7.1 Construction materials that are permitted to be in contact with oxidizers, all cutoff partitions, and all construction in stories or 27-2.8.5 The building limit (tons) shill be permitted to be twice the basements below storage of liquid oxidizers shall be noncombus- quantities shown in Table 27-2.8.4(b) if all of the following tible. (450:4-3.1) conditions are met: 27-2.7.7.2 Storage areas for oxidizing materials in combustible (a) Storage is cutoff or detached; containers shall be provided with means to vent fumes in a fire emergency. (430:4-3.2) (b) Noncombustible containers are used or buildings are noncombustible; and 27-2.7.8 Sprinkler Protection. (c) Storage is in nonretail occupancies. (430:5-2.5) 27-2.7.8.1 Sprinkler protection for Glass 2 oxidizers shall be designed in accordarice with Table 4-4.1 of NFPA 450. (430:4-4.1) 27-2.8.6 Storage in glass carboys shall be one carboy high. (430:5- 2.6) 27-2.7.8.2 Sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Sta-ndard fo~ the lnstallation of Spn'nklerSystems. (430:4-4.2) 27-2.8.7 Bulk storage in open bins or piles shall not be permitted. (430:5-2.7) 27-2.7.9 Detached Storage. 27-2.8.8 Building Construction. 27-2.7.9.1 To be considered detached, a sprinklered building for storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be a miniinum of 35 ft (10.7-m) 27-2.8.8.1 Buildings used for the storage of liquid Class 3 oxidizers from other buildings and from a line of property that can be built shall be without basements. (430:5-3.1) upon. (430:4-5.1) 27-2.8.8.2 Construction materials that may be in contact with 27-2.7.9.2 To be considered detached, a nonsprinklered building oxidizers shall be noncombustible. (430:5-3.2) for storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be locatecI no less than 50 ft (15.2 m) from other buildings or a line of property that can be built 27-2.8.8.3 Storage areas for oxidizers in combustible containers shall upon. (430:4-5.2) be provided with means to vent fumes in a fire emergency. (430:5- 3.3) 27-2.8 Class 3 Oxidizers. 27-2.8.9 Sprinkler Protection. 27-2.8.1 The storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be segregated, cut off, or detached. 27-2.8.9.1 Sprinkler protection for Class 3 oxidizers shall be Exception: Storagefor sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, sodium bromate, designed in accordance with Table 5-4.1 of NFPA 430. (430:5-4.1) potassium bromatg and ammonium dichromate shall only be cut off or 27-2.8.9.2 Sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with detached, not segTegated. (430:5-2.1) NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. (430:5-4.2)
391 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
Table 27-2.8.4(a) Storage of Chum $ Oxidizers Nonsprinklered Building
Segregated Storage Cutoff Storage Detached Storage Process Plant Retail* Process Plant Retail* General Wtrehouse Establishment General Warehouse Establishment Building limit (tons) 20 (18.1 met ton) 10 (8.8 met ton) 100 (91 met ton) 15 (13.6 met ton) 200 (181 met ton) Pile limit (tons) " 5 (4.5 met ton) 1.0 (0.91 met ton) 10 (9,1 met ton) 2 (1.8 met ton) 30 (27.2 met ton) Pile height (ft) 6 (1.8 m) 4 (1.2 m) 6 (1.8 In) 6 (1.8 m) 6 (1.8 m) Pile width (ft) 8 (2.4 m) 4 (1.2 m) 12 (3.7 m) 8 (2.4 m) 12 (3.7 m) Maximum distance from any container to a working aisle (ft) 4 0.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 8 (2.4 m) 4 (1.2 m) 8 (2.4 In) Distance to next pile(ft) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Distance to wall (It) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) 4 (1.2 m) Distance to incompati- ble material (ft) 12 (3.7 m) 12 (3.7 m) *** *** *** *** *** *** *Totals in this column are for storage in those areas N a retail occupancy pot acceuHe to the public and separated from the sales display area by a cutoff wall in accordance with 27-2.8.5. For storage in retail sales display areas, see 27-2.$. **Aide width equal to pile height. ***Not permittedby d~rmldo~
Table 27-LSA(b) Stomp of Chum $ Oxidizers Sprh,klm'ed Buildlmg•
seU~'pted Storage Cut~ Stomp emched Storage Pmce~ Plato Retail** Pmce~ Plant ]~tail** General Wamhomm g4ttabliahment General Wamhome Establishment Building limit (tom) 50 (45 met ton) 20 (18.1 met ton) 500 (4.q4 met ton) 30 (27.2 met ton) 1500 (1~50 met ton) Pile limit (tom) 10 (8.8 met ton) 2 (1.8 met ton) SO (27.2 met ton) 4 ($.6 met ton) 100 (91 met ton) Pile height*** (ft) *** *** *** *** *** #* *** *# *** *** Pile width (ft) 12 (3.7 m) ~ 8 (2.4 m) 16 (4.9 m) 8 (2.4 m) 20 (6.1 m) Maximum distance from any container to a working aisle (ft) 8 (2.4 m) 4 (1.2 m) I0 (3 m) 6 (I.8 m) I0 (3 m) Distance to next
Distance to wall (ft) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.0 m) 2 (0.6 m) 2 (0.6 m) Distance to incompat- ible material (ft) 12 (3.7 m) 12 (5.7 m) ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** *If the storage is considered to be sprinklered, the sprinkler system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section 5-4 of NFPA 450. **Touds in rids column are for storage in tho~ m of a retail occupancy not acce~1~le to the public and separated from the sales dislday area b T a cutoff wall in accordance with 27-2.8.3. For storage in retail sales display areas, see 27-2.$. ***See 5-2.8 and Table 5-4.1 of NFPA 450. ,***Aide width equal to pile height. ***'*Not Frmiued by definition.
392 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
27-2.8.10 Detached Sto.r~e. To be considered detached, a building 27-2.9.4.4 Sprinkler Protection. for storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be separated from flammable or combustible liquid storage, flammable gas storage, combustible 27-2.9.4.4.1 Sprinkler protection for Class 4 oxidizers shall be material in the open, and fi'om any inhabited bfiilding, passenger installed on a i:l~uge slSrinkler systerrbto provide water density of railroad, public highway, or other tanks. The minimum separation 0.35 gal/min/ft~ (14.,f iiters/min/m") fiver the entire storage area. distance shall be: (430:-6-4.1) (a) 50 ft (15.3 m) from a sprinklered building, or 27-2.9.4.4.2 Spriniderprotection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkter Systems. (430:6- (b) 75 ft (22.9 m) from an unsprinklered building. (430:5-5) 4.2) 27-2.9 Class 4 Oxidizers. 27-3 Organic Peroxide Formulations. 27-2.9.1 The storage of Class 4 oxidizers shall be detached. (430:6- 27-3.1 Indoor Storage. 2.1) 27-3.1.1 Indoor storage of organicperoxide formulations shall be in 27-2.9.2 Storage in glass carboys shall be one carboy high. Storage in accordance with the provisions of this section and NFPA 43B, Code drums or in containers or in cases shall not exceed the limits for the Storage of Organic PeroxideFormulations. outlined in Table 27-2.9.2. (430:6-2.2) 27-3.1.2 Glass I organic peroxide formulations are not permitted in public assembly, educational or health care or detention and Table 27-2.9.2 Storage af Chum 4 Oxidizers in Drums, correctional occupancies, or in classrooms ofbnsiness occupancies Containers, Cases used for adult instruction. Exception: Arrangements approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Nonsprinklered SprinHered 27-3.1.3 Storage areas shall be maintained within the recommended Building Building storage temperature range for the rnaterials stored. ( See Appendix B of NFPA-43B for compounds heeding re~geration systems.) (43B:224.1) Piles Length fit) 10 l0 27-3.2 All storage areas containing organic peroxide formulations Width fit) 4 4 shall be congplc" iaously identified I~y the-- wor~ls "Organic Peroxides" Height (ft) 4 8 and by the clhss, as defined in 27-1.3. (43B:2-1) v Distance to next 27-3.2.1 When organic peroxide formulations having different pile (it) 6 8 classifications as deflhedby 27-1.3 are stored in the s~ne area, the Quantity Limit per area shall be marked for the most severe class present. (43B:2-1.1) buildifig (tom) 1 No Limit 27-3.2.2 Packages containing organic peroxide formulations shall be SI units: 1 ft ffi 0.305 m; 1 ton = 0.907 metric ton. individually marked with the chemical name of the organic peroxide or with other information suitable and adequate to allow proper area classification as required by this section. (43B:2-1.2) - - 27-2.9.3 Bulk storage in piles or fixed bins shall not be permitted. 27-3.2.3 Packages containing organic peroxide formulations that (430:6-2.3) require temperature control shall be marked with the recommended storage temperature range. (43B:2-1.3) 27-2.9.4 Building Construction and Location. 27-3.3 General Storage Requirements. 27-2.9.4.1 Buildings shall be constructed as one story without basement. Construction materials that could come in contact with 27-3.3.1 Storage shall be arrangdd to facilitate manual access and oxidizers shall be noncombustible. (430:6-3.1) handling, to maintain pile stability, to minimize breakage and spillage, and to promote good housekeeping. (43B:2-11-.1) 27-2.9.4.2 Storage areas shall be provided with means to vent fumes in an emergency. (430:6-3.2) 27-3.3.2 A clear space of at least 2 ft (0.6 m) shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and uninsulated metal walls. 27-2.9.4.3 A storage building or storage tank shall be located not (433:2-11.2) less than the minimum distance shown in Table 27-2.9.4.3 from flammable liquid storage, combustible material in the open, and 27-3.3.3 Separation Distance. Incompatible materials and flam- mable liquids shall not be stored within 25 ft (8.8 m) of organic from any inhabited building, passenger railroad, public highway, peroxide formulations. The effective separation distance sfiall be property line, or tank. (430:6-3.3) maintained by floor slope, drains or dikes to prevent flammable liquid leakage from encroaching on the organic peroxide formula- tion storage area. Table 27-2.9.4.$ Separation of Buildings, Tanks Containing Exception: Organicperoxide formulations that can also be classified as Chum 4 Oxidizers flammable liquids by theirflizsh point shall bepermitted to be stored with other organic peroxideformulat~ons, and the more restrictive r uirernentsof NFPA 30 or NFPA 43B shall apply. (43B:2-11.3.1) eq _ Weight of Chum 4 Oxidizer Distance (Ib) 0~) (ft) (m) 27-3.3.4 Only dosed containers and packages shall be permitted in storage areas. (43B:2-11.4) over 10 to 100 (4.5 to 45.4) 75 (23) 101 to 500 (45.8 to 227) 100 (30) 27-3.3.5 Bulk storage in fixed bins or piles shall not be permitted. 501 to 1,000 (227 to 454) 125 (38) (43B:2-11.5) 1,001 to 3,000 (454 to 1361) 200 (61) 27-3.3.6 Storage of Class V organic peroxide formulations need only 3,001 to 5,000 (1361 to 2268) 300 (91) meet the requirements of NFPA 231, Standard for GeneralStoragg or 5,001 to 10,000 (2268 to 4536) 400 (122) NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage ofMaterials, as applicable. over 10,000 (over 4536) Subject to approval by (43B:2-11.6) the authority having jurisdiction. 27-3.3.7 Storage of Class IV organic peroxide formulations shall meet the following requirements: (a) Bags, drums, and other containers and packages shall not be stored more than 10 ft (3 m) high. Pile width shall not exceed 16 ft (5 m).
(b) At least one main aisle, at least 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, shall be provided to divide the storage area. All other aisles shall be not less ihan 3 ft (0.9 m) wide. (43B:2-11.7)
393 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
27-3.3.8 Storage of Class III and Class II formulations shall meet the 27-3.4.2 Where two or more different classes of organic peroxide following requYrements: formulations are stored in the same area, the maximum quantity permitted shall be limited to the sum of the proportional amounts (a) Bags and other containers and packages shall not be stored that each class bears to the maximum permitted for that class. The more than 8 ft (2.4 m) high. Pile width shaIl not exceed 8 ft (2.4m). total of the proportional amounts shallnot exceed t00 percent. (43B:2-10.2) (b) 55-gal (208-L) drums shall be stored one high only. (c) At least one main aisle, at least 6 ft (1.8 m) wide, shall be 27-3.4.3 Where the storage area is protected by a specially engi- provided to divide the storage area. All Other aisles shall be not less neered fire protection system acceptable to the authority having Lhan 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. (43B:2-11.8) jurisdiction, the quantity of organic peroxide formulations shall be permitted to be increased. (43B:2-10.3) 27-3.3.9 Storage of Class I formulations shall meet the following requirements: 27-3.4.4 Organic peroxide formulations shall not be stored where they may be exposed to explosive materials. (43B:2-10.4) (a) Bags, drums, and other containers and packages shall not be stored more than 6 ft (1.8 m) high. Pile width shall not exceed 4 ft 27-3.4.5 Where required by other provisions of this code, automatic (1.2 m). sprinklersand water spray systems shall be designed and installed according to the requirements of NFPA 13, Standard for the I~stalla- (b) At least one main aisle, at least 8 ft (2.4 m i wide, shall be tion of Sprinkler Systems, and NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed provided to divide the storage area. All other aisles shall be not less Systemsfor Fire Protection, and shall provide the following discharge than 4ft (1.2 m) wide. (43B:2-11.9) densities: 27-3.4 Storage Limitations. Class I - 0.50 gpm/sq ft (20.4 Lpm/m2,] 27-3.4.1 Storage of organic peroxide formulations shall be limited Class II - 0.40 gpm/sq ft (16.3 Lpm/m~ to those areas f~ithin tIie scope of NFPA 43B, Codefor the Sttrrage of Glass II1-0.30 gpm/scl ft (12.2 Lpm/m2) Organic Paoxidg Formulations. The maximum allowable quantities of Glass IV- 0.25 gpm/sq ft (10.2 Lpm/m ). (43B:2-8.2) organic peroxide formulations that can be stored in a single area or building-shall depend on the classification of the formulaiions and 27-3.4.5.1 The systemcphall~be6lesigned to provide the required the classification of the storage facility, as set forth in Tables 27- density over a 3000 ft~ (279 m~)~area for yeas protectedby a wet 3.4.1(a) and 27-3.4.1(b). (4ffB:2-10.1) pipe sprinkler system or 3900 ft~ (363 m~) for areas protected by a dry pipe sprinkler sys~m. The entire area of any building of less T.ble ZT..&4.1(@ ~ ~ow~le QuWay than 3000 it ~ (279 m ~) shall be used as the area of application. d Orgm~c Peraxlde Fotm~ ia No~ nuildinp (43B:2-8.2.1) 27-3.5 Segregated Storage. This section shall apply to the storage of Clmsd organic peroxide formulations when stored under segre~ga..ted conditions as defined in 27-1.3 of this code and in quanuties not exceeding those shown in Table 2~1-3.4.1 (a) and Table 27-3.4.1 (b). Fmmu- ~e Cut.~f (43B:$-I) lation Su'qe 50ft 100ft lS0ft 27-3.5.1 ff there are any floors or open spaces located below the I NIA N/A 1000 lb 4000 Ib 10,000 Ib organic peroxide storage area, the floor of the storage area shall be II N/A 2000 Ib 20,000 lb 80,000 lb 500,000 lb made watertight and shall be provided with drainage that leads to a III 1500 ~ $000 Ibz 70,000 lb 200,000 lb 750,000 lb safe location. Every means shall be taken to ensure that spilled IV 100,000 lb 200,000 Ib $00,000 Ib 500,000 lb 1,000,000 material cannot run down into areas below the organic peroxide V UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL storage area. (43B:3-3) 1Shah be permiued to be inmmed m 20,000 Ib if the wall, or pmitiom 27-3.5.2 Storage Arrangement. DmvidinK the cut-off have a fire resiatam:e of at last four hourL Minimum ~paration mum tile dbumce from the line of property that b 27-3.5.2.1 A minimum 8-ft (2.4-m) clear space shall be maintained or can be built upon, induding the oppmite ride of a public way, or from between organic peroxide storage and any other storage. (43B:3-4.1) the near~t important Imikling on the same property. N/A - Not AHowed 27-3.5.2.2 Segregated storage areas shall meet all applicable UNL = Unlimited requirements of NFPA 231, Standard for GeneralStorag~ or NFPA For SI Units: 1 lb - 0.454 ks;, 1 ft - 0.~05 m 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials, as applicable. (43B:5-4.2) 27-3.5.2.3 A clear space of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and any walls of combustible or TabLe ,7-s.4aCo) ~ AUowab~ ~aq limited-combustible construction. (See NFPA 220, Standard on Types of of Orpnk Peroxide Formulmtlons in Sprh~k[ered Buildinp Building Construction.) (43B:5-4.3)
27-3.6 Cut-off Storage. This section shall apply to the storage of ~---d nemd~d Stm~ organic peroxide formulations when stored under cut-off conditions rO~e MiaSmataSepmek~ as defined in 27-1.3 of this code and in quantifies not exceeding Fmmu- ~ Cut-~ those shown in Tables 27-3.4.1 (a) and 27-3.4.1 (b). (43B:4-1) iattm Stmage SOt 1O0ft 150ft 27-3.6.1 Building Construction. I NIA 2000 lb I 2000 lb 20,000 lb 175,000 lb II 4000 Ib 50,000 lb 100,000 Ib 200,000 Ib UNL 27-3.6.1.1 Cut-offstorage areas for Class I, Class II, or any refriger- III 50,000 Ib 100.000 lh 200,000 lb UNL UNL ated organic peroxide formulations shall be single story, without basements or crawl spaces. (43B:4-3.1) IV UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL V UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL 27-3.6.1.2 Where any Glass I organic peroxide formulations are zInterior ~ shall have a blast ralstance of 432 ptf (0.2 I~tr). Exterior stored in excess of 100 lb, internal walls and any wail, roof, or ceiling shall be provided with deflagration venting. (See Chapter 4 of NFPA that exposes another occupied building shall be capable of withstanding an internal overpressure of 432 psf (0.2 bar). (43B:4- t 1EUmimum~ration means the distance from the line of property that is 3.2) or can be bn~t upon, induding the oppmite side of a public way, or from the nearest impurumt building on the same property. 27-3.6.1.3 Where Class II or any refrigerated organic peroxide N/A - Not Allowed formulations are stored, any internal walls or any wall, roof, or UNL ~ Uni|mlted ceiling that exposes another occupied building shall be capable of For $I Uni~: 1 lb - 0.454 kg; 1 ft ~ 0.S05 m. withstanding an internal overpressure of 125 psf (0.06 bar). (43B:4- 3.3)
394 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
27-3.6.1.4 For Class I, Class II, or any refrigerated organic peroxide 27-3.7.3.2 Where required for Class I organic peroxide formulations formulation that gives off flammable gases upon decomposition, the in quantities exceeding 2000 lb (908 kg), automatic sprinkler storage area shall be provided with deflagration venting. protection shall be open head deluge type, designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler NOTE: Refer to manufacturers' technical data for information Systems. (43B:5-5.2) on organic peroxide formulations that give off flammable gases upon decomposition. (43B:4-3.4) 27-3.8 In addition to the provisions of Section 27-3, exterior storage areas for organic peroxide formulations exceeding the maximum 27-3.6.1.5 Any walls common with another building shall have a fire lquantities specified in Tables 27-3.4.1 (a) and 27-3.4.1 (b) shall be resistance of at least two hours, as measured by theprocedure ocated a minimum distance of 50 ft (15 m) from other hazardous described in NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of material storage. Building Construction and Materials. (43B:4-3.5) 27-3.6.1.5.1 Any door or window openings in such walls shall be Chapter 28 Flammable and Combustible Liquids protected by approved fire doors and fire windows suitable for the opening and installed according to NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors 28-1 General Provisions. and Fire Windows. (43B:4-3.5.1) 28-1.1 Appfication. 27-3.6.2 Storage Arrangement. A clear space of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and any walls 28-1.1.1" All flammable and combustible liquids covered by this of combustible or limited-combustible construction. (SeeNFPA 220, ter shall comply with the requirements of this chapter and Standard on Types of Building Construction.) (43B:4-4) 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. 27-3.7 Detached Storage. This section shall apply to the storage of 28-1.1.2 This chapter applies to all flammable and combustible organic peroxide formulations when stored under detached liquids, including waste liquids, except those that are solid at 100°F conditions as defined in 27-1.3 and in quantifies and at separation ($7.8°C) or above and those that are liquefied gases or cryogenic distances as specified in Tables 27-3.4.1 (a) and 27-3.4.1 (b). (43B:5- liquids. (30:1-1.1) 1) 28-1.1.3" Additional requirements may be necessary for the safe 27-3.7.1 Building Location. storage and use of liquids that have unusual burning characteristics, that are subject to self-ignition when exposed to the air, that are 27-3.7.1.1 Detached storage buildings shall be separated from the highly reactive with other substances, that are subject to explosive lines of property that is or can be built upon, including the opposite decomposition, or that have other special properties that dictate side of a public way, or from the nearest important building on the safeguards over and above those specified for a normal liquid of same property. (43B:5-3.1) similar flash point classification. (30:1-1.4)
27-3.7.1.2 For Classes II, III, and IV organic peroxide formulations, 28-1.1.4 Existing plants, equipment, buildings, structures, and detached storage buildings separated by less than 50 ft (15.3 m) shall installations for storage, handling, or use of flammable or combus- be considered to be a single area when applying the limits for Tables tible liquids that are not in strict compliance with the terms of this 27-3.4.1 (a) and 27-3.4.1 (b). (43B:5-3.2) code may be continued in use at the discretion of the authority having jurisdiction provided they do not constitute a recognized 27-3.7.1.3 For Class I organic peroxide formulations, detached hazard to life or adjoining property. The existence of a situation that storage buildings shall be separated from each other in accordance might result in an explosion or sudden escalation of fire, such as in with Table 27-3.7.1.3. (43B:5-3.3) adequate ventilation of confined spaces, lack of adequate emergency venting of a tank, failure to fireproof the supports of elevated tanks, or lack of drainage or dikes to control spills, may constitute such a hazard. (50:1-1.6) Table 27-$.7.1.3 Separation af Individual Stmage Buildings from Each Other 28-1.1.5 This chapter shall not apply to the following: (a) Transportation of flammable and combustible liquids. These NS Quantity, lb 1000 4000 10,000 requirements are contained in the U.S. Department of Transporta- Dbtance, ft 20 75 100 t.ion Regulations or in NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehiclesfor Quantity, ~ 2000 20,000 175,000 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. (30:1-1.7.1) Distance, ft 20 75 100 (b) Storage, handi, ing, and use of fuel oil tanks and containers NS = Not Sprinidet~i connected with oil burning equipment. These requirements are AS ffi Has Sprinkler/ covered separately in NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil- For SI Units: 1 Ib = 0.454 kg; 1 ft = 0.$05 nL Buming EquipmenL (30:1-1.7.2) (c) Liquefied gases. (See definition.) (30:1-1.7.3) (d) Cryogenic liquids. (See definition.) ($0:1-1.7.4) 27-3.7.2 BuSlding Construction and Utilities. (e) Storage of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and 27-3.7.2.1 Detached storage buildings shall be single story, without isolated construction projects. These requirements are covered basement or crawl space. (43B:5-4.1) separately in NFPA 395, Standard for the Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids at Farms and Isolated Sites. (30:1-1.7.5) 27-3.7.2.2 Nonsprinklered buildings for storing more than 5000 lb (2270 kg) of Class I, Class II, or any refrigerated-organic peroxide (f) Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some formulation that gives off flammable gases upon decomposition shall conditions, such as certainhalogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures be built of noncombustible construction. (43B:5-4.2) containing halogenated hydrocarbons. (See NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classification ofFlaramable and Cannbustible Liquids.) (30:1-1.7.6) 27-3.7.2.3 Sun shields such as those illustrated in Figure A-5-4.3 of NFPA 43B shall be permitted to be used for detached storage (g) Storage and handling of aerosol products. These requirements buildings in those areas where the temperature inside the storage are covered separately in Chapter 29 and NFPA 30B, Codefor the building can approach or exceed the maximum recommended Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products. (30:1-7.7) storage temperature. (43B:5-4.3) 28-1.1.6 Permits required. (See Section 1-15.) 27-3.7.3 Fire Protection. 28-1.2 Special Definitions. (30:1-2) 27-3.7.3.1 Where required, automatic sprinkler systems and their water supplies shall meet the requirements of 27-$.4.5 of this code Atmospheric Tank. A storage tank that has been designed to and 2-8.3 of NFPA 43B. (43B:5-5.1) operate at pressures from aunospheric through 0.5 psig (760 mm Hg through 786 mm Hg) measured at the top of the tank.
395 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
Boiling Point. The temperature at which a liquid exerts a vapor General-Purpose Warehouse. A separate, detached building or pressure of 14.7 psia (760 mm Hg). Where an accurate boiling point portion of a building used only for warehousing-type operations. is unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures that do not have a constant boiling point, for purposes of this code the 10 NOTE: Warehousing operations referred to above are those percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with ASTM operations not accessible to the public and include general D 86, Standard TestMethodforDistillation of PetroleumProducts, may be purpose, merchandise, distribution, and industrial warehouse- used as the boiling point of the liquid. type operations. (30:1-2)
Bulk Plant or Terminal. That portion of a property where liquids Inside Liquid Storage Area. A room or building used for the are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car, or tank vehicle and storage of liquids in containers or portable tanks, separated from are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such other types of occupancies. Such areas include: - liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, portable tank, or container. Attached Building. A building having only one common wall with another building having other type occupancies. Combustible Liquid. A liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C). Cut-OffRoom. A room within a building and having at least one exterior wall. Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows: InsldeRoom. A room totally enclosed within a building and having Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above no exterior walls. 10O°F (37.8°C) and below 140°F (60°C). Liquefied Gas. Agas that, under its charged pressure, is partially Class IIIA liquids shall include those having flash points at or liquid at 70°F (21°C). above 140°F (60°C) and below 2O0°F (93°C). Low-Pressure Tank. A storage tank designed to withstand an Class IIIB liquids shall include those having flash points at or internal pressure above 0.5 psig (3.5 kPa) but not more than 15psig above 200°F (93°C). (103.4 kPa) measured at the top of the tank. Container. Any vessel of 60 U.S. gal (227 L) or less capacity used for Portable Tank. Any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 transporting or storing liquids. U.S. gal (227 L) and not intended for fixed installation. Crude Petroleum. Hydrocarbon mixtures that have a flash point Pressure Vessd. Any fired or unfired vessel within the scope of the below 150°17 (65.6°C) and that have not been processed in a applicable section of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. refinery. Protection for Exposures. Fire protection for structures on Cryogenic Liquid. A refrigerated liquid gas having a boiling point property adjacent to liquid storage. Fire protection for such below-130°F (-90°C) at atmospheric pressure. structures shall be acceptable when located either within the jurisdiction of any public fire department or adjacent to plants Fire Area. An area of a building separated from the remainder of having private fire brigades capable of providing cooling water • the building by construction having a fire resistance of at least 1 hr streams on structures on property adjacent to liquid storage. and having all communicating openings properly protected by an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hr. Safety Can. An approved container, of not more than 5 gal (18.9 L) capacity, having a spring-closing lid and spout cover and so designed Flammable Liquid. A liquid having a flash point below 100°F that it will safely relieveinternalpressure when subjected to fire (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 lbs per sq in. exposure. (absolute) (2,068 mm Hg) at 100°F (37.8°G) shall be known as a Class I liquid. Unstable Liquid. A liquid that, in the pure state or as commercially produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, Class I liquids shall be subdivided as follows: undergo condensation reaction, or will become serf-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature. Class IA shall include those having flash points below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point below 100°F (37.8°C). Ventilation. As specified in this code, ventilation is for the prevention of fire and explosion. It is considered adequate if it is Class IB shall include those having flash points below 73°F sufficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor- (22.8 o C) and having a boiling point at or above 100 o F (37.8 o C). air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flam- mable limiL Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F (22.8°C) and below 100°F (37.8°C). Warehouses.
Flash Point. The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off General-Pu~ose Warehous~ A separate, detached building or portion vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with of a building used only for waretaousing-type operations. air near the surface of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as follows: NOTE: Warehousing operations referred to above ar~e those operations not accessible to the public and include general (a) The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 45 SUS at purpose, merchandise, distribution, and industrial warehouse- 100°F (37.8°C) and a flash point be'low 200°F (93°C) shall be type operations. determined in accordance with ASTM D 56, Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Cup Tester. Liquid Warehouse. A separate, detached building or attached building used for warehousing-type operations for liquids. (b) The flashpoint of a liquid having a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at 100°F (37.8°C) or a flash point of 200°F (93°C) or higher shall be 28-2 Tank Storage. determined in accordance with ASTM D 93, Standard Test Methodsfor Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester. 28-2.1 Design and Construction of.Tanks.
(c) As an alternate, ASTM D 3278, Standard Test Methodsfor Flash 28-2.1.1 Tanks shall be designed and built in accordance with NFPA Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed-Cup Apparatus, may be used for 30. paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products and their components having flash points between 32°F (0°C) and 230°F 28-2.1.2 Tanks shall be installed and located with respect to (110 C) and having a viscosity lower than 150 stokes at 77°F (25°C). property lines, public ways, important buildings on the same property, and to other tanks in accordance with NFPA 30. (d) AS an alternate, ASTM D 3828, Standard Test Methodsfor Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Tester, may be used for materials other than 28-2.2 Installation of OutsideAboveground Tanks. those for which specific Setaflash Methods exist. 28-2.2.1 Control of Spillage from Aboveground Tanks. Facilities shall be provided so that any accidental discharge of any Class I,
396 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Class II, or Class IliA liquids will be prevented from endangering existing structures. Underground tanks or tanks under buildings important facilities, and adjoining property, or reaching waterways, shall be so located with respect to existing building foundations and as provided for in 2-3.4.2 or 2-3.4.3 of NFPA 30. supports that the loads carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to the tank. The distance from any part of a tank storing Class I liquids Exception No. 1: Tanks storing Class IIIB liquids do not require special to the nearest wall of any basement or pit shall be not less than 1 ft drainage or diking provisions for fire protection purposes. (0.3 m), and to any property line that can be built upon, not less than 3 ft (0.9 m). The distance from any part of a tank storing Class Exception No. 2: Aboveground secondary containment-type tanks need not II or Class III liquids to the nearest wall of any basement, pit, or meet the requirements of 2-3.4 of NFPA 30 if all of the fogowing conditions property line shall be not less than 1 ft (0.30 m). (30:2-4.1) are mot: 28-2.3.2 External Corrosion Protection. Tanks and their piping (a) The capaciO of the tank shall not exceed 12, 000 gal (45, 420 L). shall be protected by either: (b) Ag piping connections to the tank shall be made above the normal (a) A properly engineered, installed, and maintained cathodic maximum liquid level. dProtection system in accordance with recognized standards of esign, such as: (e) Means shall be provided to prevent the release of liquid from the tank by siphon flow. 1. American Petroleum Institute Publication 1632, Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems. (d) Means shall be provided for determining the level of liquid in the tank. This means shall be accessible to the delivery operator. 2. Underwriters Laboratories of Canada ULC-S603.1 M, Standard for Galvanic Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for (e) Means shall be provided to prevent overfilling by sounding an alarm Flammable and Combustible Liquids. when the liquid level in the tank reaches 90percent of capadCy and by automatically stopping delivery of liquid to the tank when the liquid level in 3. Steel Tank Institute Standard No. sti-P~®, sti-P. ® SPecification the tank reaches 95 percent of capactty. In no case shall these provisions . and Manual for External Corrosion Protection of-'Undergro~undSteel Storage restrict or interfere with the proper functioning of the normal vent or the Tanks. errwrgency vent. 4. National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard RPO169 09 Spacing between adjacent tanks shall be not less than 3 fl (0.9 m). (1983 Rev.), Recommended Practice, Control of External Corrosion of Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems. (g) The tank shall be capable of resisting the damage frora the impact of a motor vehicle or suitable collision barriers shall be provided. 5. National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard RP0285, Recommended Practice, Corrosion Control of Unde~round Storage Tank (h) Where the interstitial space is enclosed, it shall be provided with Systems by Cathodic Protection. emergency venting in accordance with 2-3.6 of NFPA 30. (30:2-3.4.1) (b) Approved or listed corrosion-resistant materials or systems, 28-2.2.2 Vents forAboveground Tanks. which may include special alloys, fiberglass reinforced plastic, or fiberglass reinforced plastic coatings. (30:2-4.3) 28-2.2.2.1 Aboveground tanks shall be provided with facilities for normal and emergency venting in accordance with NFPA 30. 28-2.3.3 Abandonment, Reuse, or Change of Service of Under- ground Tanks. 28-2.2.2.2 Where vent pipe outlets for aboveground tanks storing Class I liquids are adjacent to buildings or public ways, they shall be 28-2.3.3.1" Underground tanks taken out of service shall be located so that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of safeguarded or disposed of in a safe manner. (30:2-4.4.1) buildings and not less than 12 ft (3.6 m) above the adjacent ground level. In order to aid their dispersion, vapors shall be discharged 28-2.3.3.2 Only those used tanks that comply with the applicable upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent walls. Vent outlets sections of NFPA 30 and are approved by the authority having shall be located so that flammable vapors will not be trapped by jurisdiction shall be installed for flammable or combustible liquids eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least 5 ft (1.5 m) from service. (30:2-4.4.2) building openings. (30:2-3.7.2) 28-2.3.3.3 Tanks that undergo any change of stored product shall 28-2.2.2.3 The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoided meet the requirements of Section 2-2 of NFPA 30. (30:2-4.4.3) except where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation, or air pollution control. When tank vent piping 28-2.3.4 Vents for Underground Tanks. is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they may be required 28-2.3.4.1 Vents for underground tanks shall be sized and located in to handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire accordance with NFPA 30. exposure. (30:2-3.7.3) 28-2.3.4.2 Location and Arrangement of Vents for Class I Liquids. 28-2.2.2.4 Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be Vent pipes from underground storage tanks storing Class I liquids manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or Class Ill shall be so located that the discharge point is outside of buildings, liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors higher than the fill pipe opening, and not less than 12 ft (3.6 m) from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III above the adjacent groundlevel. Vent pipes shall not be obstructed liquids, to prevent contamination (see 1-1.2 in NFPA 30) and possible by devices provided for vapor recovery or other purposes unless the change in classification of the less volatile liquid. (30:2-3.7.4) tank and associated piping and equipment are otherwise protected to limit back-pressure development to less than the maximum 28-2.2.3 Tank Openings Other than Vents for Aboveground Tanks. working pressure of the tank and equipment by the provision of pressure-vacuum vents, rupture discs, or other tank venting devices 28-2.2.3.1 Each connection to an aboveground tank through which installed in the tank vent lines. Vent outlets and devices shall be liquid can flow shall be provided with an internal or an external protected to minimize the possibility of blockage from weather, dirt, valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank. (30:2-3.8.1) or insect nests, shall be so located and directed that flammable vapors will not accumulate or travel to an unsafe location, enter 28-2.2.3.2 Filling and emptying connections on aboveground tanks building openings, or be trapped under eaves, and shall be at least 5 for Class I, Class II, and Class IILA liquids that are made and broken ft (1.5 m) from building openings. Tanks containing Class IA liquids shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any shall be equipped withpressure and vacuum venting devices that source of ignition and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any shall be normally closedexcept when venting under pressure or building opening. Such connections for any liquid shall be closed vacuum conditions. Tanks storing Class IB or Class IC liquids shall and liquidtight when not in use and shall be properly identified. be equipped with pressure-vacuum vents or with listed flame (30:2-3.8.5) arrestors. Tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the requirements for pressure and vacuum venting devices, except as required to 28-2.3 Installation of Underground Tanks. prevent excessive back pressure, or flame arrestors, provided the vent does not exceed 3"in. (7.6 cm) nominal inside diameter. (30:2- 28-2.3.1 Location. Excavation for underground storage tanks shall 4.5.1) be made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of
397 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
28-2.3.5 Tank Openings Other than Vents for Underground Tanks. built upon or the nearest important buildingon the same property Filling and emptying and vapor recovery connections for Class I, that is not an integral part of the storage tank building. Class II, or Class IIIA liquids that are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of Exception: This spacing requirement shall not apply where exposures are ignition and not less than5ft (1.5 m) away from any building protected as outlined in 28-2.4.1.2. (30:2-5.1.3) opening. Such connections shall be closed and liquidtight when not in use and shall be properly identified. (30:2-4.6.5) 28-2.4.1.4 Tanks in which unstable liquids are stored shall be separated from potential fire exposures by a clear space of at least 25 28-2.4 Installation of Tanks Inside of Buildingg Tank installations ft (7.6 m) or by a wall having a fire resistance rating of not less than storing Class I, If, and IlIA liquids shall be permitted inside 2 hr. (30:2-5.1.4) buildings where in compliance with Section 2-5 of NFPA 30. Tanks storing Class IIIB liquids shall not be required to comply with the 28-2.4.1.5 Each storage tank building and each tank within the provisions of Section 2-5 of NFPA 30. A tank installation that has a building shall be accessible from at least two sides for fire fighting canopy or roof that does not limit the dissipation of heat or and fire control. (30:2-5.1.5) dispersion of flammable vapors and does not restrict fre-fighting access and control shall be treated as an outside aboveground tank 28-2.4.2 Tank Openings Other than Vents. in accordance with Section 2-3 of NFPA 30. (30:2-5) 28-2.4.2.1 All tank openings: 28-2.4.1 Location. Tanks and any associated equipment within the storage tank building shall be so located that a fire in the area shall (a) located at or below the maximum liquid level shall be liquid not constitute an exposure hazard to adjoining buildings or tanks tight; and for a period of time consistent with the response and suppression capabilities of the fire-fighting operations available to the location. (b) located above the maximum liquid level shall be normally Compliance with 28-2.4.1.1 through 28-2.4.1.5 shall be deemed as dosed and shall be mechanically secured to prevent release of meeting the requirements of 28-2.4.1. (30:2-5.1) vapors. (30:2-5.6.2)
28-2.4.1.1 The minimum distance from exposed property lines and 28-2.4.2.2 The inlet of the fill pipe and the outlet of a vapor buildings for tank installations within structures having walls with a recovery line for which connections are made and broken shall be fire-resistance rating of less than 2 hr shall be in accordance with located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of Table 28-2.4.1.1. (30:2-5.1.1) ignition and not less than5ft (1.5 m) away from any building opening. Such connections shall be closed tight and ~rotected Exception'As modified b~ 28-2.4.1.2. against tampering when not in use and shall be identified. (30:2- 5.0.7) 28-2.4.1.2 Where a storage tank building has an exterior wall facing an exposure, the distances in Table 28-2.4.1.1 may be modified as 28-2.5 Supports, Foundations, and Anchorage for all Tank follows: Locations.
(a) Where the wall is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of 28-2.5.1 General. not less than 2 hr, separation distance between the storage tank buil~x~g and its exposure need not be greater than 25 ft (7.6 m). 28-2.5.1.1 Tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations made,of concrete, masonry, piling, or steel. Tank foundations shall be (b) Where a blank wall having afire-resistance rating of not less designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the tank than 4 hr is provided, the distance requirements of Table 28-2.4.1.1 ;rod to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the shall not apply. In addition, where Class IA or unstable liquids are foundation. (Appendix E of API Standard 650, Welded Steel Tanks for stored, the exposing wall shall have explosion resistance in accor- Oil Storag~ and Appendix B of API Standard 620, Recommended Rules dance with good engineering practice and adequate deflagration for the Design.... and Construction of Laz,a~ Welded, Low-Pressure Storage venting shall be provided in the non-exposing walls and roof. (See Tanks, prowde lnformauon on tank foundauons.) (30:2-6.1) NFPA 68, Guidefor Venting ofDeflagrations, for information on deflagra- tion venting.) (30.'2-5.1.2) 28-2.5.1.2 Where tanks are supported above the foundations, tank supports shall be installed on firm foundations. Supports for tanks 28-2.4.1.3 Other equipment associated with tanks, such as pumps, storing Class I, Class II, or Class IlIA fiquids shall be of concrete, heaters, filters, exchangers, etc., shall not be located closer than 25 ft masonry, or protected steel. Single wood timber supports (not (7.6 m) to property lines where the adjoining property is or can be
Table 28-2.4.1.1 Location of Storage Tank Buildinbm with Respect to Property Liae~ Public Ways, and the Nearest Important Building ms the Same Propert~
Min|mnm D~taaee from Property M]nlm~tm Distance f~rom Nearat Liae tlmt b or Cam Be Built Side of Any Public Way or Upo~ Including Oppmite Side from Nearest Important of Public Way (ft) Building on Same Property (ft) Lk~d Um.b~ Lk~d Stable Liquid Umm~le Liquid ~geaey Emergency Fanergeney F,mergeaey Relief Relief Relief Relief Largest TankI m Not Not Not Not Operating over Over over Over over Over over Over Iaquid 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 9.5 2.5 2.5 • 2.5 Capacity (gad) psig psig psig l~ig psig psig psig psig
up to 12,ooo ]5 25 40 60 5 ~o ]5 20 ~2,ool to so,ooo 20 so 50 so 5, ~0 ~5 2o $0,001 to 50,000 30 45 75 120 10 15 25 40 50,001 to 100,000 50 75 125 200 ]5 95 40 e0 SI Units: 1 gal = 3.8 L; 1 ft ffi 0.$ m; 1 l~ig - 6.9 kPa. tDouble all distances shown i~ protection for exposures is not provided. Distances need not exceed 300 ft. ICapac[ty of any individual tank shall not exceed I00,000 gal without the approval of the authority having jurisdicdon.
398 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP cribbing) laid horizontally may be used for outside aboveground (a) Tanks gauged at frequent intervals by personnel continuously tanks if not more than 12 in. (0.30 m) high at their lowest point. on the premises during product receipt with frequent acknowledged ($0:2-6.2) communication maintained with the supplier so that flow can be promptly shut down or diverted. 28-2.5.1.3 Steel ~upports or exposed piling for tanks storing Class I, Class II, or Class IliA liquids shall he protected by materials having a (b) Tanks equipped with a high-level detection device that is fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr, except that steel saddles independent of any tank gauging equipment. Alarms shall be need not be protected if less than 12 in. (0.30 m) high at their lowest located where personnel who are on duty throughout product point. At the discretion of the authority having jurisdiction, water transfer can promptly arrange for flow stoppage or diversion. spray protection in accordance with NFPA 15 or NFPA 13, or equivalent, may be used. (30:2-6.3) (c) Tanks equipped with an independent high-level detection system that will automatically shut down or divert flow. 28-2.5.2 Tanks in Areas Subject to Flooding. (d) Ahematives to instrumentation described in (b) and (c) where 28-2.5.2.1 Where a tank is located in an area subject to flooding, approved by the authority havingjurisdiction as affording equivalent provisions shall be taken to prevent tanks, either full or empty, from protection. (30:2-10.1) floating during a rise in water level up to the established maximum flood stage. (30:2-6.6.1) 28-2.8.2 Instrumentation systems covered in 28-2.8.1 (b) and (c) shall be electrically supervised or equivalent. (30:2-10.1.1) 28-2.5.2.2 Aboveground Tanks. Formal written procedures required in 28-2.8.1 shall include: (a) Each aboveground vertical tank shall be located so that its top extends above the maximum flood stage by at least 30 percent of its (a) Instructions covering methods to check for proper line up and allowable storage capacity. (30:2-6.6.2.1) receipt of initial delivery to tank designated to receive shipment. (b) Horizontal tanks located so that more than 70percent of the tank's storage capacity will be submerged at the established flood (b) Provision for training and monitoring the performance of stage shall be anchored; shall be attached to a foundation of operating personnel by terminal supervision. concrete or of steel and concrete of sufficient weight to provide adequate load for the tank when filled with flamniable o-r combus- (c) Schedules and procedures for inspection and testing of tible liquid and submerged by flood water to the established flood gauging equipment and high-level instrumentation and related stage; or shall be adequately secured from floating by other means. systems. Inspection and testing intervals shall be acceptable to the Tafik vents or other openings that are not liquidffght shall be authority having jurisdiction, but shall not exceed one year. (30:2- extended above maximum flood stage waterlevel.-($0:2-6.6.2.2) 10.2) 28-2.5.2.3 Underground Tanks. 28-2.8.3 An underground storage tank shall be equipped with overfill prevention equipment that will: (a) At locations where there is an ample and dependable water supply available, underground tanks co-ntaining flammable or (a) Automatically shut off the flow of liquid into the tank when the combustible liquids, so placed that more than 70 percent of their storage capacity will be submerged at the maximu-m flood stage, tank is no more than 95 percent full; or shall be so anchored, weighted, or secured as to prevent movement when filled or loaded with water and submerged-by flood water to (b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than 90 the established flood stage. Tank vents or other openings that are percent full by restricting the flow of liquid into the tank or not liquidtight shall be extended above maximum floocI stage water triggering a high-level alarm; level. (30:2-6.6.3.1) (c) Or other methods approved by the authority havingjurisdic- (b) At locations where there is no ample and dependable water tion. (30:2-10.3) supply or where filling of underground tanks with water is impracti- ca/because of the contents, each tank shall be safeguarded against 28-2.9 Leakage Detection and Inventory Records for Underground movement when empty and submerged by high ground water or Tanks. Accurate inventory records or a leak detection program shall flood water by anchoring or by securing by other means. Each such be maintained by the owner or operator on all Class I liquid tank shall be so constructed and installed that it will safely resist underground storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from external pressures if submerged. (30:2-6.6.3.2) the tanks or associated piping. (30:2-11)
28-2.6 Testing. 28-2.10 Piping, Valves, and Fittings.
28-2.6.1 All tanks, whether shop-built or field-erected, shall be tested 28-2.10.1 Identification. Each loading and unloading riser for before they are placed in service in accordance with the applicable liquid storage shall be identified by color code or marking to identify paragraphs of the code under which they were built. The ASME the product for which the tank is used. (30:3-9) Code stamp or the Listing Mark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc~ on a tank shall be evidence of compliance with this test. Tanks not 28-2.10.2 Piping systems shall be maintained liquidtight. A piping marked in accordance with the above codes shall be tested before system that has leaks that constitute a hazard shall be emptied of they are placed in service in accordance with good engineering liquid or repaired in a manner acceptable to the authority having principles. ($0:2-8.1) jurisdiction. (30:3-2.2) 28-2.6.2 Before the tank is initially placed in service, all leaks or 28-3 Container and Portable Tank Storage. deformations shall be corrected in an acceptable manner. Mechani- cal caulking is not permitted for correcting leaks in welded tanks 28-3.1 Application. except pinhole leaks in the roof. ($0:2-8.4) 28-8.1.1 This section shall apply to the storage of liquids in drums or 28-2.7 Fire Protection. A fire extinguishing system in accordance other containers that do not exceed 60 gal (227 L) individual with applicable NFPA standards shall be provided or be available for capacity and in portable tanks that do not exceed 660 gal (2498 L) vertical atmospheric fLxed roof storage tanks larger than 50,000 gal individual capacity and to limited transfers incidental thereto. For (189,250 L) capacity, storing Class I liquids, if located in a congested portable tanks that exceed 660 gal (2498 L), Chapter 2 of NFPA 30 area where there is an unusual exposure hazard to the tank from shall apply. ($0:4-1.1) adjacent property or to adjacent~property from the tank. Fixed roof tanks storing Class II or Class Ill liquids at temperatures below their 28-3.1.2 This section shall not apply to the following: flash points and floating roof tanks storing any liquid generally do not require protection when installed in compliance with Section 2-3 (a) Storage of containers in bulk plants, service stations, refineries, of NFPA 30. (30:2-9.1) chemical plants, and distilleries. 28-2.8 Prevention of Overf'dling of Tanks. (b) Liquids in the fuel taaaks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats, or portable or stationary engines. 28-2.8.1 Ahoveground tanks at terminals receiving transfer of Class I liquids from mainline pipelines or marine vessels shall follow formal (c) Beverages, where packaged in individual containers that do not written procedures to prevent overfilling of tanks utilizing one of the exceed 1 gal (5.8 L) capacity. following methods of protection: 399 NFPA 1 -- IO6 ROP
(d) Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other consumer products that contain not more than 50percent byvolume of water-miscible Table 28-$.2.$ },4rn1|mnm Allowable Size of liquids, with the remainder of the solution not being flammable Containers ud Portable Tanks where packaged in individual containers that do not exceed 1 gal *.t (3.8 L) capacity. . Liquids Flammable Liquids Combustible (e) Liquids that have no fire point when tested byASTM D 92, Container Type Class IA Class IB Class IC Class II ~ rrl Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup, up to the boiling point of the liquid or up to a temperature at which the Glau 1 lx 1 qt 1 gal 1 gal 5 gal sample being tested shows an obvious physical change. Metal (other than DOT dnm~) or (f) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks. (30:4-1.2) approved plastic 1 gal 5 gal 5 gai 5 gal 5 gal 28-$.1.3 For the purpose of this chapter, unstable liquids shall be Safety Cans 2 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal treated as Class IA liquids. (30:4-1.3) Metal Drum (DOT 28-3.2 Design, Construction, and Capacity of Containers. Specmcaaon) 60~ 60~ 60~ 60~ 60gal Approved Metal 28-3.2.1 Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. Portable Tanks 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal 660 gal Polyethylene (a) Metal containers and metal portable tanks meeting tbe DOT Spec. 34, requirements of, and containing products authorized by, Chapter I, Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (U.S. Department of U.N. 1H1, or as Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations), Chapter 9 of the authorized by United Nations Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, DOT Exemption 1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 60 gal 60 gal or NFPA 386, Standard for Portable Shipping Tanks for Flammable and Fibre Drum Combustible Liquids, shall be acceptable. NMFC or UFC Type 2A, Types (b) Plastic containers meeting the requirements o£ and used for 3A, 3B-H, or p~troleum products within the scope of, one or more of the 3B-L, or following specifications shall be acceptable: Type 4A ------60 gal 6O g~ 1. ASTM F 852, Standard for Portable Gasoline Containers for SI Units: 1 pt u 0.473 14 1 qt u 0.95 L; 1 Kal = 3.8 L. Consumer Us~ 2. ASTM F 976, Standard for Portable Kerosene Containers for Consumer Usa 28-3.2.3.1 Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other 3. ANSI/UL 1313, common consumer products, where packaged according to Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products. commonly accepted practices for retail sales, shall be exempt from the requirements of 28-3.2.1 and 28-3.2.3. (30:4-2.5.1) (c) Plastic drums meeting the requirements of and containing products authorized by Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulauons 28-3.2.3.2 U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Type III or by Chapter 9 of the United Nations' Recommendations on the nonreusable polyethylene containers, constructed and tested in Transport of Dangerous Goods shall be acceptable. accordance wlth DOT specification 2U and treated if necessary to prevent permeation, sh~ll be permitted to be used for storage of (d) Fiber drums that: Class II ~d Glass III liquids, ih any capacity that does not ex-ceed 2 1/2 gal (9.5 L). (30:4-2.3.2) 1. Meet the requirements of Item 296 of the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) or Rule 51 of the Uniform Freight 28-3.2.3.3 Class IA and Class IB liquids shall he permitted to be Classification (UFC) for Types 2A, 3A, 3B-H, 3B-L, or 4A, and stored in glass containers of not more than 1-gal- (3.8-L) capacity, if the requi~ed liquid purity (such as ACE analytical reagent grade or 2. Meet the requirements of and contain liquid products higher) wouldbe affected by storage in metal containers or if the authorized either by Chapter I, Title 49 of the Code of Federal liquid can cause excessive corrosion of the metal container. (30:4- Regulations (U.S. Department of Transportation Hazardous 2.3.$) Materials Regulations) or by U. S. Department of Transportation exemption shall be acceptable. (30:4-2.1) 28-3.3 Design, Construction, and Capacity of Storage Cabinets. 28-3.3.1 Not more than 120 gal (454 L) of Class I, Class II, and Class 28-3.2.2 Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more IIIA liquids shall be stored in a storage cabinet. Of this total, not devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting more than 60 gal (227 L) shall be of Class I and Class II liquids. Not • capacity to limit internal pressure under fire exposure conditions to more than three such cabinets shall be located in a singlefire area, 10 psig (68.9 kPa) or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of the except that, in an industrial occupancy, additional cabinets shall be portable tank, whichever is greater. The total venting capacity shall permitted to be located in the same fire area if the additional be not less than that specified in 2-3.6.4 or 2-3.6.6 of NFPA 30. At cabinet or group of not more than three cabinets is separated from least one pretssure-actuated vent having a minimum capacity of 6000 other cabinets or groups of cabinets by at least 100 ft (30 m). (30:4- cu ft (170 m ~) of free air per hour [14.7 psia (760 mm Hg) and 60°F 3.1) (15.6°C) ] shall be used. It shall be set to open at not less than 5 psi g ($4.5 kPa). ff fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by 28-3.3.2 Storage cabinets shall be designed and constructed to limit elements that operate at a temperature not exceeding 300OF the internal temperature at the center, 1 in. (2.5 era) from the top, (148.9°C). Where plugging of a pressure-actuated vtnt can occur, to not more than 325°F (162.8°G) when subjected to a lO-min fire such as when used for paints, drying oils, and similar materials, test with burners simulating a room fire exposure using the standard fusible plugs or venting devices that soften to failure at a maximum time-temperature curve as given in NFPA 251, Standard Methods of of 300°F (148.9°C) under fire exposure shall be permitted to be Tests ofFire Endurance of BuzTding Construction and Materials. All joints and stares shall remain tight arid the door shallremain securely used for the entire emergency venting requirement. (30:4-2.2) closed during the fire test. Cabinets shall be marked in conspicuous lettering: "FLAMMABLE - KEEP FIRE AWAY." 28-3.2.3 The maximum allowable size of a container or metal portable tank shall not exceed that specified in Table 28-3.2.3. The cabinet is not required to be vented for fire protection purposes; however, the following shall apply: Exception: As provided for in 28-3.2.3.1, 28-3.2.3.2, and 28-3.2.3.3. (30:4-2.3) (a) If the cabinet is vented for whatever reasons, the cabinet shall be vented outdoors in such a manner that will not compromise the specified performance of the cabinet, as acceptable to the authority havingjurisdiction. (b) ffthe cabinet is not vented, the vent openings shall be sealed with the bungs supplied with the cabinet or with bungs specified by the manufacturer of the cabinet. (30:4-3.2) 400 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
28-3.4.2.2 Openings in interior walls to adjacent rooms or buildings 28-3.3.2.1 Metal cabinets constructed in the following manner are and openings in exterior walls with fire resistance ratings shall be acceptable. The bottom, top, door, and sides of the cabinet shall be provided with normally closed, listed fire doors with fire-resistance at least No. 18 gage sheet steel and double walled with 1 1/2-in. (3.8- ratings corresponding to the fire resistance rating of the wall as cm) air space. [oihts shall be riveted, welded, or made tight by some specified in Table 28-3.4.2.1. Such doors shall be permitted to be equally effective means. The door shall be provided with a three- arranged to stay open during material handling operations ffthe ptint latch arranf:ement and the door sill shall be raised at least 2 in. doors are designed to close automatically in a fire emergency by ~5 cm) above the'bottom of the cabinet to retain spilled liquid provision of listed closure devices. Fire doors shall be installed in within the cabinet. (30:4-3.2.1) accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. (30:4-4.2.2) 28-3.3.2.2 Wooden cabinets constructed in the following manner are acceptable. The bottom, sides, and top shall be constructed of exterior grade plywood at least 1 in. (2.5 cm) in thickness, which Table 28-$.4.2.2 Fh'e Pro/ec/ion Rmlngs for Fire Doors shall not break down or delaminate under fire conditions. All joints shall be rabbetted and shall be fastenect in two directions with wood screws. Where more than one door is used, there shall be a rabbetted overlap of not less than 1 in. (2.5 cm). Doors shall be Fire geshaaace Ratiag Fire ~on Rating equipped with a means of latching, and hinges shall be constructed ef WslP, Hrs. of Do~, Hrs. and mounted in such a manner as to not lose their holding capacity when subjected to fire exp_osure. A raised sill or pan capable of containing a 2-in. (5-crn) depth of liquid shall be provided at the 2 lq2 bottom of the cabinet to retain spilled liquid within the cabinet. 4 31 (30:4-3.2.2) ZAs required by Table 28-8.4.2.1. 28-3.3.2.3 Listed cabinets that have been ~:onstructed and tested in aOne fire door required on each side of interior openings for attached liq- accordance with 4-3.2 of NFPA 30 shall be acceptable. (30:4-3.2.3) uid warehomes. See 4-4.2.$ of NFPA SO. 28-3.4* Design, Construction, and Operation of Inside Liquid Storage Areas. 28-3.4.2.3 Except for drains, floors shall be liquidtight, and the storage area shall be liquidtight where the walls join the floor. (30:4- 28-3.4.1 Application. This section applies to inside areas where the 4.2.6) primary function is the storage of liqmds. This shall include inside rooms, cut-off rooms, attached buildings, liquid warehouses, and 28-3.4.2.4 Means shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquids hazardous material storage lockers that are used as inside storage under emergency conditions into adjoming building areas.This areas. (See Section 4-5 of NFPA 30for storage of liquids in otlker types bf shall be accomplished by providing one or a combination of the occupancies.) (30:4-4.1) ..... following across the entire width of each opening:
28-3.4.2 Design and Construction Requirements. (a) Noncombustible, liquidtight raised sills, curbs, or ramps of suitable height. 28-3.4.2.1 All storage areas shall be constructed to meet the specified fire-resistance ratings in Table 28-3.4.2.1. Such construc- (b) Open-grated trenches. tion shall comply with the test specifications given in NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and (c) Other means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Materials. (30:4-4.2.1) Exception: This requirement shall not app~ to areas where only Class III llqulds are stored. (30:4-4.2.7) Table 28-$.4.2.1 Fare Resistance Ratings for Inside Liquid Storage Areas 28-3.4.2.5 Electrical equipment and wiring in inside storage rooms used for the storage of Class I liquids shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 hazardous (classified) locations. Electrical equipment and F~e R~dm~ce ~, Hrs. wiring in inside storage rooms used for the storage of only Class II and Class III liquids shall be suitable for general purpose use. (See Interior NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, for information on the design and Walls l, installation of electrical wiring and equipment.) (30:4-4.2.9) Ceilings, Intermediate Exterior Exterior 28-3.4.2.6 Liquid storage areas where dispensing is conducted shall Type d S~zqe Xrm Floors Roofs Walls be provided with either a gravity or a continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be used if Class I liquids are dispensed within the room. lmide Storage Rooms: (a) Exhaust air shall be taken from a point near a wall on one side of the room and within 12 in. (30 cm) of the floor with one or more Floor area <150 f~ 1 make-up inlets located on the opposite side of the room within 12 Floor area >150 ftl and <500 ft2 2 in. (30 cm) of the floor. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be arranged to provide, as far as practicable, air Cutoff Rooms and Attached Buildings: movements across all portions of the floor to prevent accumulation of flammable vapors. Exhanst from the room shall be directly to the Floor area <300 ft= 1 11 exterior of the building without recirculation. Floor area >300 ft 2 2 Exception: Recirculation is permitted where it is monitored continuously 2 s or 4 s using a fail-safe system that is designed to automatically sound an alarm, Liquid Warehouses 44 stop recirculation, and provide full exhaust to the outside in the event that Sl Umm: 1 sq ft : 0.09m i. vapor-air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lowerflammable limit are detected. :Between liquid storage an~as and an), adjacent areas no...~tdedicated to liq- uid storage. If ducts are used, they shall not be used for any other purpose and ~P~oofs of attached buildings, one story in height, shall be permitted to be of shall comply with NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air lightweight, noncombnsu1~le construction if the separating interior wails Conveying of Materlals. If make-up air to a mechanical system is taken have minimum S-ft (0.90-m) parapet,. from within the building, the opening shall be equipped with a fire 'Where other portions of buildings or other properties are exposed. door or damper, as required in NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems ~1~is shall be a standard fire wall. forAir Conveying of Materials. For gravity systems, the make-up air SFor exposing wails that are located more than I0 ft (3 m) but less than shall be supplied from outside the building. 50 ft (15 m) from an important building or llne of adjoining property that can be built upon. (b) Mechanical ventilation systems shall ~rovide at least 1 cda ft per eFor expoein8 walls that are located 10 ft (3 In) or less from an important min of exhaust per sq ft of~loor area (1 m per min per 3 m'), but building or line of adjoining property that can be built upon. not less than 150 cfm (4 m per min). The mechanical ventilation system for dispensing areas shall be equipped with an airflow switch
401 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP or other equally reliable method that is interlocked to sound an other than those used for packaging the liquids, are separated from audible alarm upon failure of the ventilation system. (30:44.2.11) the liquids in s~orage by a minimum of 8 ft (2.4 m) horizontally, either by aisles or by open racks, and if protection is provided in 28-3.4.3 General Storage Requirements. accordance with Section 4-8 of NFPA 30. (30:44.3.6) 28-3.4.3.1 Where storage on racks exists as permitted in this code, a 28-3.4.3.5 Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside an minimum 4.ft (1.2-m) wide aisle shall be provided between adjacent unprotected liquid storage area shall be limited to a maximum pile rack sections and any adjacent storage of liquids. Main aisles shall be size of 2500 sqft (232 m r) and to a maximum storage height of 6 ft a minimum of 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. (30:4-4.3.3) (1.8 m). Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside a protected liquid storage area shall comply with NFPA 231, Standard 28-3.4.3.2 Solid pile and palletized storage in liquid warehouses for General Storag~ Pallet storage shall be separated from liquid shall be arranged so that piles are separated from each other by at storage by ai~sles that are at least 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. (30:4-4.3.7) least 4 ft (1.2 m). Aisles shall be provided and so arranged that no container or portable tank is more than 20 ft (6 m) from an aisle. 28-3.4.4 Allowable Quantities and Storage Heights. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. ($0:4-4.3.4) 28-3.4.4.1 Except as provided for in 28-3.4.4.2 through 28-3.4.4.4, 28-3.4.3.$ Glass I liquids shall not be permitted in basement areas. storage of liquids shall comply with Table 28-3.4.4.1 (a) for unpro- Class II and Class IlIA liquids shall be permitted to be stored in tected storage or with Tables 28-3.4.4.1 (b) and 28-3.4.4.1 (c) for basements provided that automatic sprinld er protection and other protected storage. Where storage of liquids is protected, the fire protec~on faciJities are provided in accordance with Section 4-8 protection shallmeet the requirements of Section 4-8 of NFPA 30. of NFPA 30. (30:4-4.3.5) Exception: Other quantities and arrangements of storage shall be permitted to 28-$.4.3.4 Limited quantities of combustible commodities, as be used wherethe storage is suitab0 protected and approved by the authority defined in the scope of NFPA 231, Standard for GeneralStorage, and having jurisdiction. (30:44.4.1) NFPA 231 C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials, shall be permitted to be stored in liquid storage areas if the ordinary combustibles,
Table 28-$.4.4.1(a) Indoor Unprotected Storage of Liquida in Containers and Portable Tanks
Container Storage Portable Tank Storage Max. Pile Max. Qmmt. Max. Total ,Max. Pile Max. Quaat. Max. Total CI-.- He|ght (ft) per Pile (ffal) (~humt. (Rel)* Helzht (fl) per Pile (gel) (~mmt. (ffel)* , IA 5 660 660 -- Not Permitted IB 5 1,375 1,375 7 2,000 2,000 IC 5 2,750 2,750 7 4,000 4,000 II 10 4,125 8,250 7 5,500 11,000 IliA 15 13,750 27,500 7 22,000 44,000 IIIB 15 13,750 55,000 7 22,000 88,000 SIUnlts: lft= O.$m;lgai= 8.8L. *Applies only to cutoff rooms and attached buildings.
Table 28-$.4.4.1(b) Storage Arnmgemehts for Protected Pelledmd or Solid Pile Storage of Liquids in Comainm~ and Portable Tanks
Storage Max. Storabm Height (ft) Max. i~mafit~ per Pile (pl) Max. ~humtit7 (pl)** Level Containers Port. Tanks Containers Port. Tanks -Containers Port. Tanks IA Ground Floor 5 -- 3,000 -- 12,000 Upper Floors 5 I 2,000 -- 8,000 Basement ------Not Permitted-~ .... IB Ground Floor 61/2 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 Upper Floors 6V2 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basement .... IC Ground Floor 6!/2" 7 5,000 20,000 15,000 40,000 Upper Floors 6V2" 7 3,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 Basement ~.Not Permitted..... II Ground Floor 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 Upper Floors 10 14 10,000 40,000 25,000 80,000 Basement 5 7 7,500 20,000 7,500 20,0.00 III Ground Floor 20 14 15,000 60,000 55,000 100,000 Upper Floors 20 14 15,000 60,000 55,000 100,000 Basement 10 7 10,000 20,000 25,000 40,000 SI Units: 1 ft = 0.3 m; I gel = 5.8 L. *These height limimdom shall be increased to I0 ft for containers of 5 gal capacity or less. See TaMe D-2.2 of NFPA 30. **Applies only to cutoff rooms and attached buildings. NOTE: See Section 4-6 of NFPA 30 for protection requirements as applicable to this type of storage.
402 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
28-3.4.4.5 Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single Table 28-S.4.4.1(c) Storage Arrangements for Protected Rack pile or rack section, the maximum total quantity and the maximum Storqe of Liquids in Containers storage height permitted in that pile or rack section shall be the smallest of the individual maximum total quantities and maximum Ma~ Max. storage heights for the specific classes present, respectively. The maximum total quantity permitted shall be limited to a sum of the proportional amounts that each class of liquid present bears to the Type stomp ~i~ht (a) (~d)u maximum total quantity permitted for its respective cl~ass. The sum Class Rack Level Containers Containers of the proportional amounts shall not exceed 100 percent. Double Row Ground Floor 25 7,500 Exception: The maximum total quantities in liquid warehouses shall not be IA or Upper Floors 15 4,500 restricted. (See 28-3.4.4.3.) (30:4-4.4.5) Single Row Basement Not Permitted 28-3.4.5 Operations. IB Double Row Ground Floor 25 15,000 or Upper Flooi,s 15 9,000 28-3.4,5.1 Dispensing of Class I liquids or Class II or Class III liquids IC Single Row Basement Not Permitted -- at temperatures at or above their flash points shall not be permitteg in cut-off rooms or attached buildings that exceed 1000 sq ft (93 m r) Double Row Ground Floor 25 24,000 in floor area or in liquid warehouses unless the dispensing area is II or Upper Floors 25 24,000 suitably cut offffom the storage areas in accordance withTable 28- Single Row Basement 15 9,000 3.4.2.1 and meets all other requirements of 44.2 of NFPA 30. (30:4- Multi-Row Ground Floor 40 55,000 4.5.1) III Double Row Upper Floors 90 55,000 28-3.4.5.2 Dispensing operations shall complywith the applicable or Single Row Basement 20 25,000 requirements of Chapter 5 of NFPA 30. (30:4-4.5.2) Sl Units: I ft = 0.$ m; 1 8al = $.8 L. NOTE h See SeCdon 4-6 o[ NFPA $0 for protecfion requirements as aplfll- 28-3.5 Requirements for Liquid Storage Areas in Other Occupan- cable to this type of storsge. cies. NOTE 2: Maximum quanti~ allowed on racks in cutoff rooms and attached buil~p (~ 4-4.2 of NFPA 30). 28-3.5.1 Application. This section applies to areas where the storage NOTE 8: Maximum qmmuty allowed per rack section m liquid ware- of liquids is incidental and not the primary purpose of the area. homes (sn $8-3.4.43 and 28-3.4.4.4 of NFPA 30). 28-3.5.1.1 Liquids used for building maintenance, painting, or other similar infrequent maintenance purposes shall be permitted to be stored temporarily in closed containers outside of s-torage cabinets 28-3.4.4.2 Storage in inside rooms shall meet the requirements or inside liquid storage areas, if limited to an amount that does not specified in Table 28-3.4.4.2. In addition, containers over 30 gal exceed a 10-day supply at anticipated rates of use. (30:4-5.1.4) (113.5 L) capacity that contain Class I or Class II liquids shall not be stored more thari one container high in inside rooms. (30:44.4.2) 28-3.5.1.2 Class I liquids shall not be stored in basements. Exception: As provided for in 28-3.5. 6. (30:4-5.1.5) Table 28-&4.4.Z Storage Limitafimu for Inside Rooms 28-3.5.2 General-Purpose Warehouses. (See 28-1.2, Definition.)
Total Floor Autonmtle Fbre Total Allowable Qmmtity 28-3.5.2.1 General-purpose warehouses storing liquids (as defined Area Protec~a (gal per Iq ft in this code) shall be separate, detached buildings or shall be (~1 ft) Provided? t of floor area) separated from other occupancies by a standard 4-hr fire wall or, if approved, by a fire partition having a fire resistance rating of not less _< 150 No 2 than 2 hr. Each opening shall he protected as provided for in 28- Yes 5 3.4.2.2. (30:4-5.2.1)
> 150 and -<500 No 42 28-3.5.2.2 Warehousing operations that involve storage of liquids Yes 10 shall be restricted to inside liquid storage areas in accordance with Section 4-4 of NFPA 30. Sl Units: I lq ft = 0.09 ms; I gal = 8.8 L. NOTE h The fire protection system shall be aummatlc sprinklers, water Exception: As provided for in 28-3.5.2.3. (30:4-5.2.2) spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or other approved tystem. ($N 4.8 of NFPA 30.) 28-3.5.2.3 Class IB and IC liquids in containers of I gal (3.8 L) or NOTE 2: Total allowable quantlties of Clmm IA and IB liquids shall not less capacity, Class II liquids in containers of 5 gal (18.9 L) or less exceed the quantities permitted in Table 28-$.4.4.1(a) or those permitted by capacity, and Class III liquids in containers of 60 gal (227 L) or less 28-$.4.4.4. capacity shall be permitted to be stored in warehouses that handle combustible commodities, as defined in NFPA 231, Standard for 28-3.4.4.$ Unprotected storage of liquids in racks shall not exceed General Storage, provided that the storage area is protected with the maximum total quantities allowed by Table 28-3.4.4.1 (a). automatic sprinklers in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 231 Storage of liquids that are protected in accordance with Section 4-8 for 20-ft (6-m) high storage of Class IV commodities and the of NFPA 30 shall not exceed the maximum total quantities allowed quantities and height of liquid storage are limited to: by Table 28-3.4.4.1 (c). (a) Class IA liquids: not permitted; Exception: Liquid warehouses need not comply with this requirement. (30:4- 4.4.3) (b) Classes IB & IC: 660 gal (2498 L), maximum 5 ft (1.5 m) high;
28-3.4.4.4 The total quantity of liquids stored in a liquid warehouse (c) Class II: 1375 gal (5204 L), maximum 5 ft (1.5 m) high; shall not be restricted. However, the storage heights and maximum quantity per pile or rack section shall comply with Tables 28- (d) Class IliA: 2750 gal (10 409 L), maximum 10 ft (3.0 m) high; 3.4.4.1 (a), 28-3.4.4.1 (b), and 28-3.4.4.1 (c) whichever is applicable. (e) Class IIIB: 13,750 gal (52 044 L), maximum 15 ft (4.6 m) high. Exception: An unprotected liquid warehouse that is located a minimum of 100fl (30 m) from exposed buildings or any'propert3 line that is or can be The liquid storage shall also comply with 28-3.5.2.4 and 4-5.2.5 built upon need not comply with Table 28-3.4.4.1(a) if there is protection for through 4-5.2.9 of NFPA 30. (30:4-5.2.3) exposures. Where protection for exposures is not provided, this minimum distance shall be increased to 200 fl (61 m). (30.'4-4.4.4) 28-3.5.2.4 Liquids in Plastic Containers. Class I and Class II liquids in plastic containers shall not be stored in general-purpose ware- houses, but shall be stored in inside liquid storage areas that meet the requirements of Section 4-4 of NFPA 30.
403 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
ExceptionNo. I: The following liquids, packaged in plastic containers, shall 28-3.5.6.1 In storage and display areas that are accessible to the e permitted to be stored in general-purpose warehouses in accordance with the public, the storage of Class I, Class II, and Class IlIA liquids shall be protection and storage limitations specified in 28-3.5. 2.3 as follows: limited to the quantities needed for display, storage, and normal merchandising purposes, but in no case shall exceed the quantities (a) Products containing not more than 50percent by volume of water- stated in the following: miscible liquids, with the remainder of the solution not being a Class I liquid, where packaged in individual containers; (a) In protected storage and display areas, the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, lI, and IIIA llquid~in any combination (b) Products containing mere than 50percent water-misdble liquids in shall not exceed 4 gal per sq ft (162 L per m ~) of gross floor area, up individual containers not exceeding 16 oz (0.5 L) capacity. to a maximum total quantity of 7500 gal (28,388 L). The total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L). Exception No. 2: Class I and Class II liquids in plastic containers shall be pemdtted to be stored in a general purpose warehouse if the packaging systems (b) In unprotected ground floor storage and display areas, the are listed and labeled for use with these materials. All other provisions of 4- total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and IIIA liq~ds in any 5. 2 of NFPA 30 shall also app,. (30:4-5.2.4) combination shall not exceed 2 gal per sq ft (81 L per m ~) of gross floor area, up to a maximum total quantity of 7500 gal (28,388 L). 28-3.5.2.5 Liquids and Ordinary Combustible Storage. The The total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 following, applies to the storage of liquids and ordinary combustible L). commodities: (c) In unprotected storage and display areas on floors other than (a) Liquids shall not be stored in the same pile or in the same rack the ground floor, the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, sections as ordinary combustible commodities [see 28-3.5.2.5(b)]. and IIIA liq~ds in any combination shall not exceed 1 gal per sq ft Where liquids are packaged together with ordinary combustibles, as (40 L per m ") of gross floor area. The storage of Class IA liquids in in kits, the storatge shall be considered on the basis of whichever such areas shall be prohibited. commodity predominates. (d) For the purpose of 28-3.5.6.1 (a), "protected" shall mean (b) Except as provided for in 28-3.5.2.5(a), ordinary combustible protected with automatic sprinklers that are, as a minimum, installed commodities shall be separated from liquids in containers by a m accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of SprinMer minimum distance of 8 ft (2.4 m). (30:4-5.2.9) Systems, for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Occupancies.
28-3.5.2.6 Operations. Dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in (e) For the purposes of 28-3.5.6.1 (a), (b), and (c), "gross floor general purpose warehouses shall not be permitted unless the area, used for computing the maximumquantlty of liquid that can dispensing area is suitably cut off from other ordinary combustible be stored, shall mean that portion of the floor actually being used or liquid storage areas, as specified in 4-4.2 of NFPA 30, and for merchandising of tl~ese liquids and the immediately adjacent otherwise complies with the applicable provisions of 4-4.2 of NFPA aisle spaces. 30. (30:4-5,2.10) (f) Where the storage arrangements, the sprinkler system design 28-3.5.3 Dwellings and Residential Buildings Containing Not More criteria, or other means of protection are based on fire test data, the than Three Dwelling Units and Accompanying Attached and maximum total quantities given in (a), (b), and (c) above shall be Detached Garages. Storage in excess of 25 gal (94.6 L) of Class I permitted to bedoubled. (For additional guidance on recom- and Class II liquids combined shall be prohibited. In addition, mended protection, see Appendix D of NFPA 30.) (30:4-5.6.1) storage in excess of 60 gal (227 L) of Class IlIA liquid shall be prohibited. (30:4-5.3) 28-3.5.6.2 In storage areas that are not accessible to the public, the storage of Glass I, Class II, and Class IIIA liquids shall not exceed the 28-3.5.4 Assembly Occupy_ties, Buildings Containing More than amounts stated in the following: Three Dwelling Units, and Hotels. Storage in excess of 10 gal (37.8 L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined or 60 gal (227 L) of Class (a) In storage areas that are protected in accordance with 28- IliA liquids shall be in containers stored in storage cabinets, in safety 3.5.6.1(d) the total aggregate quantity of Classes IB, IC, II, and IIIA cans, or in an inside storage area that does not have openings that liquids in any combination shall not exceed 7500 gal (28,388 L). The communicate with that portion of the building used b)t the public. total quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 120 gal (454 L). (30:4-5.4) Glass IA liquids shall not be stored in basements.
28-3.5.5 Office, Educational, and Institutional Occupancies. The (b) In unprotected storage areas, the total aggregate quantity of following requirements shall apply to office, educational, and Glasses IB, IC, II, and IIIA liquids in any combination shall not institutional occupancies. (30:4.5.5) exceed the amounts given in 28-3.5.6.1 (b) or 28-3.5.6.1 (c), whichever is applicable. 28-3.5.5.1 Storage shall be limited to that required for operation of office equipment, maintenance, demonstration, and laboratory (c) Where the storage arrangements, the sprinkler system design work. This storage shall comply with the provisions of 28-3.5.5.2 criteria, or other means of protection are based on fire test data, the through 28-3.5.5.5, except that the storage for industrial and maximum total quantities given in (a) and (b) above shall be educational laboratory work shall comply with NFPA 45, Standard on permitted to be doubled. (For additional guidance on recommended Fire Proteaion for Laboratories Using Chemicals. (30:4-5.5.1) protectio~ see Appendix D of NFPA 30.) (30:4-5.6.2)
28-3.5.5.2 Gontalners of Class I liquids that are stored outside of an 28-3.5.6.3 Quantities in excess of those permitted in 28-3.5.6.2 shall inside liquid storage area shall not exceed a capadty of I gal (3.8 L). be stored in accordance with other appropriate sections of this code. (30:4-5.6.3) ception: Safe O cans shall be permitted up to a 2-gal (7. 6-L) capadty. 30:4-5.5.2) 28-3.5.6.4 Containers shall not be stacked more than 3 ft (0.9 m) or 2 containers high, whichever is the greater, unless placed on fixed 28-3.5.5.3 Not more than 10 gal (37.8 L) of Class I and Glass II shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. (30:4-5.6.4) liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area outside of a storage cabinet or an inside liquid storage area unless in safety cans. 28-3.5.6.5 Shelving shall be of stable construction and of sufficient (30:4.5.5.3) depth and arrangement such that containers displayed thereon shall not easily be displaced. (30:4.5.6.5) 28-3.5.5.4 Not more than 25 gal (94.6 L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area in safety cans 28-3.5.6.6 Leaking containers shall be removed immediately to an outside of an inside liquid storage area or storage cabinet. (30:4- adequately ventilated area, and the contents transferred to an 5,5.4) undamaged container. (30:4.5.6.6) 28-3.5.5.5 Not more than 60 gad (227 L) of Class IlIA liquids shall bg 283.6 Hazardous Materials Storage Lockers Located Outside. stored outside of an inside liquid storage area or storage cabinet. (30:4-5.5.5) 28-3.6,1 hockers governed by this standard shall not exceed 1500 sq ft (139 m ") gross floor area. Vertical stacking of lockers shall not be 28-3.5.6 Mercantile Occupancies. permitted. (30:4-6.3.1)
404 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
28-3.6.2 Spill or Leakage Control. Lockers shall include a spill 28-3.6.4 Storage Practices. containment system to prevent the flow of liquids from the structure under emergency conditions. The containment system shall have 28-3.6.4.1 Containers of liquid in their original shipping packages sufficient capacity to contain 10 percent of the volume of containers shall be permitted to be stored either palletized or solid piled. allowed or the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. Unpackaged containers shall be permitted to be stored on shelves or (30:4.6.3.5) directly on the floor of the locker. Containers over 30 gal (113.5 L) capacity storing Class I or Class II liquids shall not be stored more 28-3.6.3 Designated sites shall be provided for the location and use than two containers high. In all cases, the storage arrangement shall of lockers and shall be subject to the approval of the authority provide unrestricted access to and egress from the locker. (30:4- having jurisdiction. The designated sites shall be arranged to provide 6.4.4.1) at least the minimum separation distance between individual lockers, distance from locker to property line that is or can be built 28-3.6.4.2 No other flammable or combustible material storage shall upon, and distance from locker to nearest side of public ways or to be permitted within the designated site approved for lockers. (30:4- important buildings on the same property, as given in Table 28-3.6.3 6.4.4.2) and explanatory notes 1, 2, 3, and 4, as applicable. (30:4.6.4) 28-3.7 Outdoor Storage. 28-3.6.3.1 Once the designated site is approved, it shall not be changed without the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. 28-3.7.1 Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks (30:4-6.4.1) shall be in accordance with Table 28-3.7.1 and 28-3.7.1.1 through 28- 3.7.1.4 and 28-3.7.2 through 28-3.7.4. (30:4-7.1) 28-3.6.3.2 More than one locker shall be permitted on a designated site, provided that separation distance between individual lockers is 28-3,7,1.1 Where two or more dasses of materials are stored in a maintained in accordance with Table 28-3.6.3. (30:4-5.4.2) single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate gallonages. (30:4-7.1.1) 28-3.6.3.3 The approved designated storage site shall be protected from tampering or trespassing where the area is accessible to the general public. (30:4-6.4.3) Table 28-$.6.$ Designated Sites
Distance from Locker Distance from Locker to Nearest Side to x~operty Une of Public Ways or Area a[ Duignated DISton~ betweea that Is or Can Be to Xmpoma* S~d~_ p Site' Individual Lockers Built Upon s on Same Propez*~ (zla) (ft) (ft) tit)
gl00 5 10 5 > I00 g500 5 20 10 >500 g15004 5 $0 20 t Site area limits are inte~uied to differentiate the relative Idze and thus the number of locke~ that are permitted in one designated alto. s Distanca apply to properties that have protection for expmur~ as dofmed. If there are expmuras and such protection for expotureJ do~ not ~ the dis- tanc~ shall be doubled. ' When the expoted building, has an exterior wall, .facing the de,hated Idte, ~.at has a fire re~ltan.ce rating of at l~t 2 hr and has.no openin~ to abovegrade areas within 10 ft (S m) horummally and no openmss to belowgrade arew wtthin 50 ft (15 to) horizontally of the aestgnatm area, me amances can ne t~u~en to half of those shown in the table, except they shall never be lem than 5 ft (1.5 m). • When a single locker has a gross ~ngle story floor area that will require a site as~ limit of 8reater than 1500 cq ft (139 m 2) or when multiple units exceed the area limit of 1500 sq ft (159 mS), the authority having jurisdiction shall be consulted for approval of dittances.
Table 28-,3.7.1 Outdoor Lkluid Storage in Containers and Portable Tanks
2 $ 4 $
Portable Tank Distance to Distance to ~mtainer Storage Max. Distance Property Line Street, Alley, Storage--Max. per Pile between Pile,, or that Is or Can Be or a Public Way Chum per Pile Gedlons I Racks (ft) Built Upon (ft)u (ft)s Height Height Gallona ~ (ft) GalloM ~ (ft) IA 1,100 10 2,200 7 5 50 10 IB 2,200 12 4,400 14 5 50 10 IC 4,400 19 8,800 14 5 50 10 II 8,800 12 17,600 14 5 25 5 III 22,000 18 44,000 14 5 10 5 81Ul~ts' lft = O..~m; Igal= S.SL. I See 2~3.7.1.I regarding mixed dam itorage. See 2S-S.7.I.S regarding protection for expmures. s See 985.7.1.4 for smaller pile sizes. 4 For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 ft (15 m) in length and 2 rows or 9 ft (2.7 m) in depth.
405 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
28-3.7.1.2 No container or portable tank in a pile shall be more 28-3.7.4 The storage area shall be protected against tamperingor than 200 ft (60 m) from a 12-ft (3.6-m) wide access way to permit trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris, roach of fire control apparatus under all weather conditions. and other combustible materials not necessary to the storage. (30:4- 4-7.1.2) 7.4) 28-3.7.1.3 The distances listed in Table 28-5.7.1 apply to properties 28-3.8 Fire Protection and Control. that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in 28-3.8.1 Suitable fire extinguishers or preconnected hose lines, column 4 shall be doubled. (30:4-7.1.3) either 1 1/2-in. (3.8-cm) lined or 1-in. (2.5-cm) hard rubber, shall be rovided where liquids are stored. Where 1 1/2-in. (3.8-cm) fire 28-3.7.1.4 Where total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent ~ ose is used, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 14, of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 shall be Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. (30:4-8.4) permitted to be reduced 50 percent, but not to less than 3 ft (0.9 m). (30:4-7.1.4) 28-3.8.1.1 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 28-3.7.2 A maximum of 1100 gal (4165 L) of liquids in closed ft (5 m) from, the door opening into any inside storage area. (30:4- containers and portable tanks shall be permitted to be stored 8.4.1) adjacent to a building under the same management provided that: 28-3.8.1.2 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of (a) The adjacent building wall has an exterior fire resistance rating not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 ft (3 m), nor of 2 hr, more than 50 ft (15 m), from any Class I or Class II liquid storage area located outside of an inside storage area or liquid warehouse. (b) There are no openings to areas at grade or above grade that (80:4-8.4.2) are within 10 ft (3 m~horizontally of the storage, 28-3.8.2 In protected general purpose warehouses and in protected (c) There are no openings direcdyabove the storage, and liquid storage areas, hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient (d) There are no openings to areas below grade within 50 ft (15 number to reach all liquid storage areas. (30:4-8.5) m) horizontally of the storage. 28-8.8.3 Materials with a water reactivity degree of 2 or higher as E. .~. .tion: The above ~'dons are..not neceasa0 iif .thebuilding . tlon outlined in NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Fire zs lira;ted to one story, rs offire-~essst:ve or nonannbustible construction, :s Hazards of Mate~als, shall not be stored in the same area with other devoted p~incipal 0 to the storage of liquids, and is acceptable to the authority liquids. (30:4-8.8) having3urisd;ction. (30:4-7.2) 28-3.8.4 Power-operated industrial trucks used to move containers 28-3.7.2.1 The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building of Class I liquids shall be selected, maintained, and operated in protected in accordance with 28-5.7.2 shall be permitted to exceed accordance with NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial that permitted in 28-3.7.2, provided the maxim~um quantity per pile Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Us~ Maintenance, and does not exceed 1100 gal (4163 L) and each pile is separated bya Operat/on. (g0:4-8.9) lO-ft (5-m) minimum c-lear space along the common ~rall. (30:4- 7.2.1) 28-4 Operations. 28-3.7.2.2 Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1100 gad (4163 L) 28-4.1 This section applies to operations involving the use or permitted adiacent to the building given in 28-5.7.2, or the provisions of 28-5.7.2 cannot otherwise be met, a minimum distance handling of liquids either as a principal or incidental activity, except m accordance with column 4 of Table 28-3.7.1 shall be maintained as covered elsewhere by this chapter or NFPA 30 or other NFPA between buildings and the nearest container or portable tank. (30:4- standards. (30:5-1.1) 7.2.2) 28-4.2 Facility Design. 28-8.7.3 The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings ~)r other exposures or shall be 28-4,2.1 Location. surrounded bya curb at least 6 in. (15 cm) high. Where curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of 28-4.2.1.1 The minimum distance of a processing vessel to adjoining ground or rain water or spills of liquids. Drains shall terminate at a property or to the nearest important building on the same property safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire shall be based on the stability of the liquid and vessel capacity and conditions. (30:4-7.5) shall be in accordance with Table 28-4.2.1.1 except as modified in 28-4.2.1.2. (30:3-5.1.1)
Table 28-4.2.1.1 Location e~ Processing Vessels from Property I~'nes and Nearest Impor/ant Building on the Same Property Where Preteetion for Expmuru Is Provided
Miaimum Dist~ce from Neorut Miuimma Distaace from Property Side of/my Public Way or Line that Im or Can Be Built from Nearest Important Upoa, ladndiag Oppodte Side Building on Same Property that Is Net Im of Public Wa7 (ft) lateral Part of the Process (ft) Stable Liquid Uastable Liquid Stable Liquid Uamble Liquid Vessel Mltximum Emer~nc 7 Relief Emerpnc 7 Relief Emer~enc~ Relief Em~c~ Relief Operating Liquid Not Over Over Net Ovor Over Net Over Over Net Over Over Cap~ty ~d) Z.5 p, lg 2-~ psig 2.S p~ig 2~ p~ig Z-~ l,slg 2.S p~ig 2-~ l~tg 2-~ pag 275 or less 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 276 to 750 10 15 25 40 5 10 15 20 751 to 12,000 15 25 40 60 5 l0 15 20 12,001 to 30,000 20 30 50 80 5 10 15 20 30,001 to 50,000 30 45 75 120 10 15 25 40 50,001 to 100,000 50 75 125 200 15 25 40 60 Over 100,000 80 120 200 300 25 40 65 100 NOTE: Double all of above distances where protection for exposures is not provided.
406 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
28-4.2.1.2 Where process vessels are located in a building and the 28-4.3.3.2 Ground areas around facilities where liquids are stored, exterior wall facing the exposure (line of adjoining property that can handled, or used shall be kept flee of weeds, trash, or other be built upon or nearest important building on the same property) unnecessary combustible materials. (30:5-6.3.4) is greater than 25 ft (7.6 m) from the exposure and is a blank wall having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr, any greater 28-4.3.4 Emergency Planning and Training. An emergency action distances required in Table 28-4.2.1.1 may be waived. Where a blank lan, consistent with the available equipment and personnel, shall wall having a fire resistance rating of not less than 4 hr is provided, Ee established to respond to fire or other emergencies. This plan distance requirements may be waived. In addition, when Class IA or shall include the following: unstable liquids are handled, the wall shall have explosion resistance in accordance with good engineeringpractice. Also see 5-$.2.7 of (a) Procedures to be used in case of fire, such as sounding the NFPA 30 relative to explosion relief of other walls of the building. alarm, notifying the fire deparunent, evacuating personnel, and (30:5-3.1.2) controlling and extinguishing the fire 28-4.3 Ftre Prevention and Control. (b) Appointment and gaining of persons to carry out fire safety duties 28-4.$.1 Control of Ignition Sources. (c) Maintenance of fire protection equipment 28-4.3.1.1 Precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors. Sources of ignition include, but are not limited (d) Holding fire drills tO: (e) Shutdown or isolation of equipment to reduce the escape of (a) Open flames liquid (b) Lightning (f) Alternate measures for the safety of occupants while any fire protection equipment is shut down. ($0:5-6.4.1) (c) Hot surfaces (d) Radiant heat 28-4.4 Detection and Alarm. An approved means for prompt notification of fire or emergency to those within the plant and to the (e) Smoking available public or mutual aid fire department shall he provided. ($0:5-6.5.1) (f) Cutting and welding (g) Spontaneous ignition Chapter 29 Aerosol Products (h) Frictional heat or sparks 29-1 General Provisions. (i) Static electricity 29-1.1 Application. (j) Electrical sparks 29-1.1.1 The manufacture, storage, handling, and display of aerosol products shall be in accordance with this chapter and NFPA 30B, (k) Stray currents Codefor the Manufacture and Storage ofAerosol Products. (l) Ovens, furnaces, and heating equipment. (30:5-6.2.1) 29-1.1.2 This chapter shall not apply to aerosol products which contain only non-flammable base products and non-flammable 28-4.3.1.2 All equipment such as tanks, machinery, andpiping where an ignitable mixture may be present shall be bonded or propellants. connected to a ground. The bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall he inherently present by the nature of the This chapter shall not apply to containers whose contents are installation. Electrically isolated sections of metallic piping or comprisea entirely of LP-gas products. equipment shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or individually grounded to prevent hazardous accumulations of static 29-1.2 Special Definitions. electricity. (NFPA 77, Recommendt,d Pract/c,e on Stat/c E/ectKdtS, Aerosol. Aproduct that is dispensed from an aerosol container by a provides information on this subject.) ($0:5-6.2.4) propellant. ($0B:1-6) 284.$.2 Incidental Use of Liquids. Aerosol Container. A metal can, up to a maximum size of 1000 rni ($3.8 fl oz), or a glass or plastic bottle, up to a maximum size of 118 28-4.$.2.1 The quantity of liquid that may be located outside of storage cabinets, inside storage rooms, cutoff rooms and attached ml (4 fl oz), that is designed and intended to dispense an aerosol. buildings, general purpose warehouses, liquid warehouses, or other (30B:1-6) specific processing areas that are cut offby at least a 2-hr fire rated separation from the general plant area shall not exceed the greater Back Stock Area. The area of a mercantile occupancy that is physically separated from the sales area and not intended to be of the quantity in either (a) or the sum of (b), (c), (d), and (e) accessible to the public. (30B:1-6) below." (a) A supply for one day, or Base Product (Concentrate). The contents of ~a aerosol container, excluding the propellant. (30B:1-6) (b) 25 gal (95 L) of Class IA liquids in containers, Base Product ~ller (Concentrate Filler). A machine used to fill the (c) 120 gal (454 L) of Class IB, IC, II, or llI liquids in containers, aerosol container with the base product prior to addition of the propellant. (30B:3-2) cld) Twoportable tanks each not exceeding 660 gad (2498 L) of ass IB, IC, Class II, or Class IIIA liquids; anit Button Tippler (Actuator Placer). The machine that places the valve actuator (spray tip) onto the aerosol container after the base (e) 20 portable tanks each not exceeding 660 gal (2498 L) of Class product has been added. This operation sometimes releases small IIIB liquids. ($0:5-4.$.4) quantities of the container contents to the atmosphere. (30B:3-2) 28-4.3.2.2 Where quantities of liquids in excess of the limits in 28- Cold Filling: Thepressurizing of an aerosol container by cooling 4.3.2.1 are necessary, storage shall be in tanks, which shall comply the propellant (andsometimes the product) below its boiling point with the applicable requirements of NFPA $0, Chapter 2; Section 5- and transferring it into the aerosol container before the valve is put 3; and 5-4.1 and 5-4.2. ($0:5-4.3.5) in place. ($0B:1-6) 28-4.3.$ Inspection and Maintenance. Encapsulated. A method of packaging consisting of a plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and top of a pallet load containing a 28-4.3.$.1 Combustible waste material and residues in operating combustible commodity or a combustible package or a group of areas shall be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal contain- combustible commodities or combustible packages. Totally ers, and disposed of daily. (30:5-6.$.3) noncombustible commodities on wood pallets enclosed only by a
407 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
sheet as described are not considered to fall under this September 1, 1994, shall ensure that all cartons or packages of Pdlasticefinition. Banding, i.e., stretch wrapping around the sides only of a aerosol products are identified on at least one side with the pallet load, is not considered to be encapsulated. The term classification of the aerosol products contained therein, in accor- encapsulated does not apply to individual plastic-enclosed items dance with 29-1.3.1. Cartons or packages shall be clearly marked as inside a large, nonplastic enclosed container. (30B:1-6) follows: Propellant. The liquified or compressed gas that expels the "Level Aerosols." (30B:1-8) contents from an aerosol container when the valve is actuated. A propellant is considered flammable if it forms flammable mixtures 29-2 Basic Requirements. with air or if a flame is self propagating in a mixture of the propel- lant and air. (30B:16) 29-2.1 Site Requirements. Distances between buildings used for the manufacture or storage of aerosol products and adjacent buildings Propellant Charging Room (Gas House, Gaming Room). A room in or property lines that are or can be built upon shall be based on - which the propellant is added to the aerosol containers. (80B:3-2) sound engineering principles. (30B:2-1)
Propellant Filler (Gasser, Propellant Ckarger). A machine that 29-2.2 Building Construction. adds the propellant to the aerosol container. Typically, it is one of two types: one adds the propellant through the crimped valve 29-2.2.1 Openings in fire walls or fire barriers shall be kept to a assembly; the other adds the propellant around the uncrimped valve minimum. All openings (i.e., personnel doorways, ductwork, assembly. The propellant is either a liquid, a gas, or both, during this conveyor line, etc.) shall be protected with automatic closing or self filling operation. (30B:3-2) closing fire doors or dampers. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for FireDoors andFire Windows. Propellant Charging Pump (Charging Pump). A pump used to Fire dampers shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's boost the liquid propellant to the pressure required by the propel- instructions and NFPA 90A, Standard for the lnstallation ofAir lant filler, usually 300 psi to 1200 psi (2070 kPa to 8280 kPa). Tank Conditioning and Ventilating Systems. (30B:2-2.1) farm transfer pumps normally supply the suction side of the o~ellant charging pump at pressures of 15 to 100 psi (100 to 690 29-2.2.2 Mc~ns of egress sha~L[comply with applicable provisions of above the propellant's vapor pressure. (30B:3-2) NFPA 101, '~ Life Saf~ Coda~ The design and construction of conveyor lines and other physical obstacles, such as in the flammable Pump Room. A room outside of the propellant charging room in propellant charging and pump rooms, shall not allow entrapment of which flammable propellant charging pumps and, in some cases, personnel and shall provide for direct access to exits. (30B:2-2.2) vacuum pumps are located. (30B:$-2) - - 29-2.3 Electrical Installations. Reject Container Receptacle. A receptacle used to store scrap, partially filled, or fully filled aerosol contai.ners prior to disposal. 29-2.3.1 All electrical equipment and wiring, including heating (30B:3-2) equipment, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. Electrical equipment and wiring in areas where Sales Display Area. The area of a mercantile occupancy that is open flammable liquids or flammable gases are handled shall meet the to the public for the purpose of viewing and purchasing goods, additional requirements of Articles 500 and 501 of NFPA 70, wares, and merchandise. Individuals are free to circulate among the National Electrical Code. (30B:2-3.1) items, which are typically displayed on shelves, racks, or on the floor. (30B:1-6) 29-2.3.2 Aerosol product storage and display areas shall be consid- ered unclassified for purposes of electrical installation. (30B:2-3.2) Shelf Storage. Storage on structures that are less than 30 in. (0.75 m) deep, with shelves usually 24 in. (0.6 m) to 36 in. (0.9 m) apart • 29-2.4 Heating Equipment. Heating equipment shall be installed in vertically and seldom exceeding 15 ft (4.5 m) in total height. (30B:1- accordance with the applicable requirements of NFPA 31, Standard 6) for the lnstallation of Oil Burning Equipmen~ NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code; NFPA 58, Standard .for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Solid Shelving. Shelving that is solid, slatted, or of other construc- Petroleum Gases;, NFPA 8502, Standard for the Prevention ofFurnace tion, that is located in racks, and that obstructs sprinkler discharge Explosions~Implosions in Multiple Burner Boiler-Furnace, and NFPA down into the racks. (30B:1-6) 8501, Standard for Single Burner Boiler Operation. (30B:2-4) Test Bath (Hot Tank, Water Bath). A water tank in which pressur- 29-2.5 Flammable Liquids and Gases. Areas in which flammable ized aerosol containers are tested to verify the container strength liquids and flammable gases are handled or stored shall meet the and to detect leaks by immersion in water. (30B:3-2) applicable requirements of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code~ and NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Unstable Liquid. A liquid that in the pure state or as commercially Liquq~ed Petrolenm Gases. (3011:2-5) produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, undergo condensation reaction, or become self reactive under 29-2.6 Fire Protection. conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature. (30B:1-6) 29-2.6.1 Automatic Sprinkler Protection. Installations of automatic Vacuum Pump. Apump used to evacuate the head space (above sprinklers, where required by this code, shall be installed in the base product) of an aerosol container prior to addition of the accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler propellant. (30B:3-2) Systems, and shall also meet applicable requirements of NFPA 231, Standard for GeneralStorage, NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Valve Crimper (Crimper). Amachine that seals the valve cup or Materialg and the provisions of this code. (30B:2-6.1) valve ferrule to the aerosol container. (30B:3-2) 29-2.6.2 Standpipe and Hose System. Installations of standpipe and 29-1.3 Classification and Marking of Aerosols. hose systems, where required by this code, shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of 29-1.3.1 Aerosols manufactured after September 1, 1994 shall be Standpipe and Hose Systems, and with the provisions of this code. Only classified as follows: combination or spray hose nozzles shall be used. (30B:2-6.2) Level 1 Aerosol Products are those with a total chemical heat of 29-2.6.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be combustion that is less than or equal to 8,600 Btu/lb (20 kJ/g). rovided in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for PortableFire (30B:1-7.1) tinguishers. (30B:2-6.3) Level 2 Aerosol Products are those with a total chemical heat of 29-2.6.4 Water Supplies. combustion that is greater than 8,600 Btu/lb (20 kJ/g), but less than or equal to 13,000 Bm/lb (30 kJ/g). (30B:1-7.2) 29-2.6.4.1 In addition to the water supply requirements for auto- matic sprinkler systems, a minimum water supply of 500 gpm (1900 Level 3 Aerosol Products are those with a total chemical heat of L/min) shall be provided for combined inside and outside hose combustion that is greater than 13,000 Btu/lb (30 kJ/g). (30B:1-7.3) streams for buildings that are protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler svstem or 1000 gpm (3800 L/min) for buildings that are 29-1.3.2 Manufacturers of aerosol products manufactured after not sprinkfered. The water supply shall be sufficient to provide the
408 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
required hose stream demand for a minimum duration of 2 hr. The 29-3 Manufacturing Facilities. water supply system shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains 29-$.1 Appfication. This section shall apply to the manufacture of and Their Appurtenances. aerosol products. The hazards relative to each manufacturing operation will depend on the flammability of both the base products Exception: As modified by the provisions of this code. (30B:2-6.4.1) and the propellant. 292.6.4.2 Installations of fire pumps and tanks that are needed to 29-$.2 Basic Requirements. supply the required fire protection water shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal 29-3.2.1 Manufacturing buildings shall be located'at least 25 ft (8 m) Fire Pumps, and NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire from the nearest property line that is or can be built upon. (30B:3- Protection. (30B:2-6.4.2) 3.1) 29-2,7 Fire Alarms, 29-$.2.2 Flammable propellant storage tanks shall be located in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage 29-2.7.1 Fire alarm systems shall be installed, tested, and maintained and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. (30B:3-3.2) in accordance with applicable requirements of NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Coda (30B:~-7.1) 29-3.2.3 Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored in accordance with the provisions of NFPA $0, Flammable and Combus- 29-2.7.2 Where required by this code, manual fire alarm stations tlble Liquids Code. ($0B:3-$.3) shall be installed in the natural path of escape near each required exit. (30B:2-7.2) 29-3.2.4 Flammable propellant charging and pump rooms shall be separated from adjacent buildings or structures by 29-2.8 Fire Prevention. noncommunicating walls or by a distance of at least 5 ft (1.5 m) and from inside areas by noncommunicating wails. Flammable pFopel- 29-2.8.1 in areas where flammable gases or flammable vapors might lant charging and pump rooms shall be separated from flammable be present, precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition by propellant storage tanks and from flammable and combustible eliminating or controlling sources of ignition. Sources of ignition liquids storage by a distance of at least 25 ft (8 m). (30B:3-$.4) include, but are not limited to: 29-3.$ Building Construction. (a) open flames 29-3.3.1 Buildings or structures involved in the manufacturing of (b) lightning aerosol products shall have no basement or any space below the finish floor of the ground level. (c) hot surfaces Exception: Subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdictio% (d) radiant heat buildings or structures can have basements or below-ground level ar~gs 3 provided they 6re ventilated at a miniraum flow rate of 1 cfm per ft ~ (0.3 m (e) smoking per rain per m ~) offloor area and provided the nearest entrance or access point is located at least 50 fl (15.Ira) in any dlrection from the nearest point (f) cutting and welding of thegas house. (30B:3-4.1) (g) spontaneous ignition 29-$.3.2 Flammable propellant charging operations shall be limited to the ground floor. ($0B:3-4.2) (h) frictional heat or parks 29-3.$.$ Flammable propellant charging and pump rooms shall be (i) static electricity classified as High Hazard Areas, as defined by NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. (30B:3-4.3) (j) electrical arcs and sparks 29-3.3.4 The walls and roof of flammable propellant charging and (k) stray currents pump rooms shall be of damage-limiting construction, except for required deflagration vents. (See also 29-3.3.5.) (30B:3-4.4) (l) ovens, furnaces, and other heating equipment 29-3.3.4.1 The walls, roof, and all structural members shall be (m) automotive vehicles designed to withstand a static pressure of at least five times the release pressure of the deflagration vent closure, but in no-case less (n) material handling equipment. ($011:2-8) than 100 psf (4.8 kPa). ($0B:3-4.4.1) 29-2.8.2 Smoking shall be strictly prohibited, except in designated 29-3.$.5 Deflagration venting shall be provided for the following smoking areas. (30B:6-3.2) areas:
29-2.8.3 Welding, cutting, and similar spark-produdng operations (a) Flammable propellant charging rooms; shall not be permitted in areas that contain aerosol products until a written permit authorizing the work has been issued. The permit (b) Flammable propellant pump rooms; shall be issued by a person in authority following an inspection of the area to ensure that proper precautions have been taken and (c) Areas in which Class IA liquids or unstable liquids are handled. will be followed until completion of the work. (See NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes.) Exception: In existing facilities where the required deflagration venting (30B:6-3.3) cannot be installed, an explosion suppression s3stem that meets the requirements of NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, shall 29-2.8.4 Aisles shall be maintained free of storage so as to permit be installed. access for fire fighting, salvage, and removal of stored commodities. ($0B:6-4) (See NFPA 68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations, for information on the design and sizing of vents and vent closures.) ($0B:3-4.5) 29-2.8.5 All process equipment and piping involved in the transfer of flammable liquids or gases shall be connected to a static- 29-3.$.5.1 Deflagration vents shall relieve to a safe location to avoid dissipadng earth ground system to prevent accumulations of static injury to personnel and to minimize property damage. ($0B:3-4.5.1) charge. (See NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electrid~y, for furtlwr information.) (30B:0-7) 29-3.4 Ventilation. 29-2.8.6 A written and documented preventive maintenance 29-3.4.1 Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided for program shall be developed for equipment, machinery, and flammable concentrate filling areas and for flammable propellant processes that are critical to fire safe operation of the facility. ($0B:6- charging and pump rooms in accordance with 29-3.4.2 or 29-3.4.3, as 6) applicable. Ventilation systems shall include exhaust systems and make-up air systems. (For further information, see NFPA 91, S¢.andard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Materiala.) ($0B:5-5.1) 409 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
as defined in Table 5-3.5.3 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible 29-3.4.2 Mechanical exhaust ventilation for the flammable propel- Liquids Coda [See also NFPA 497A, Recommended Practicefor Classifica- lant charging and pump rooms shall meet the following require- tion of Class I Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations ments: in Chemical Process Areas, and NFPA 497M, Manual for Classification of Gases, Vapors, and Dusts for Electrical Equipment in Hazardous ( Classifud) (a) The ventilation shall be nonrecirculating. Locations.] (303:3-6.2) (b) Make-up air shall be taken either directiy from outside or from 29-3.5.3 The area enclosed by the test bath shall be classified as a areas of the building where flammable vapors are not present. Glass I, Division 1 location. The area within 5 ft (1.5 m) in all directions of the hot tank shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 (c) Air inlets and outlets shall be located so that air flows uniformly location. (30B:3-6.3) across the floor of the room. The bottom of the air inlets and outlets shall be no more than 6 in. (0.15 m) above the floor. 29.3.6 Conu'ol of Static Electricity. All equipment involved in the manufacture of aerosol products shall be suitably bonded and (d) The required rate of ventilation shall be determined in grounded. ( See NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electrici~, for accordance with 3-5.2(d) of NFPA 30B. In no case shall the further information. ) (30B:3-7) ventilation rate be less than one air change per minute. 29-3.7 Combustible Gas Detection Systems. Flammable propellant Exception: Whereprovided at aUpropellant fillers and subject to the approval charging and pump rooms shall be provided with an approved gas of the authority havingjunsdiaion, local exhaust ventilation shall be detection system that is equipped with audible or visible alarms. The permitted to replace up to 75percent of the volumetricflow rate of the gas detection system shall be interlocked in accordance with 29-3.13. ventilation required by 29-3. 4. 2. In no case shall the ventilation rate be less Annunciation of the gas detection system alarm shall be within the than one air change per minute. charging and pump rooms and in nearby production areas. (303:3- 8) (e) Emergency ventilation shall be activated automatically at not more than 20 percent of the lower explosive limit. It shall be 29-3.8 Automatic Sprinkler Protection. designed toprovide 150 percent of the air flow rate determined in 3- 5.2(d) of NFPA 30B or two air changes per minute, whichever is 29-3.8.1 Flammable propellant charging and pump rooms shall be greater. protected by either a wet-pipe or a deluge-type automatic sprinkler system. The system shall be designed to meet the requirements of an (f) Exhaust discharge stacks shall be separated horizontally by at extra-hazard, Group II occupancy, as set forth in NFPA 13, Standard least 10 ff (3 m) from make-up air intakes and shall terminate at for the lnstallation of Sprinkler Systems. (303:3-9.1) least 10 ft (3 m) above the roof and at least 3 ff (1 m) above any other building within 25 ft (7.6 m). (SeeNFPA 91, Standard for 29-3.8.1.1 Deluge systems shall be activated by an approved heat Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Materials, for further information.) detection system. (30B:3-9.1.1) (g) Exhaust ventilation air flow shall be suitably monitored to 29-3.8.1.2 Wet-pipe sprinkler systems shall use ordinary tempera- enable automatic shutdown of the propellant filling line in the event ture-rated sprinklers. (303:3-9.1.2) of failure of the ventilation system. 29-3.8.2 Production areas that contain base product fillers, button (h) All fan blades utilized by the exhaust and make-up air systems tippers, valve crimpers, test baths, and aerosol can packaging shall be nonsparking. equipment shall be protected by a wet-pipe'antomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the (i) The room shall be maintained at a negative pressure in relation Installation of SprinM.er Systems. The sprinkler system shall be designed to the ambient air. (303:3-5.2) to protect the highest level of storage or production hazard that is present. 29-3.4.3 Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided for flammable base product filling areas. For areas that contain ~X~ution: Storage of up to 2500 lb (1135 kg) of Level 2 or Level 3 aerosol production operations likely to emit hazardous concentrations of cts per production line or rework production line shall be permitted in flammable vapors, general area mechanical ventilation sh~l be production areas, such as in staging areas (e.g., awaiting transfer to a provid,~d at a minimum flow rate of 1 cfm per sq ft (0.3 m per rain warehouse), provided they are stacked no more than one paUetload high and per m') of floor area. Ventilation shall be arranged to uniformly there is no warehouse storage of aerosol products within 25 fl (7.6 m) of the sweep the entire floor area. production line. All other storage shall be protected in accordance with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-209 of NFPA 30B, as applicable. (30B:3-9.2) Exception: When provided at all of thefollowing areas and subject to the approval df the authority having jurisdiction, local eod~aust ventilation shall 29-3.8.3 Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, an be permitted to replace up to 75percent of the voluma~ flow rate of the automatic sprinkler system shall be permitted to be equipped for the general area ventilation required by 29-3.4.3: injection of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). Such systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 11, Standard for (a) Base product filler; Low-Expansion Foam; NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprlnkler System~ and NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation ofDeluge Foam-Water (b) Button tipper; Sp'dnkler and Foam"Water Spray Systems. (30B:3-9.3)
(c) Valve crimper. (30B:3-5.3) 29-3.9 Fixed Extinguishing Systems.
29-3.4.4 Aerosol container test baths shall be enclosed and provided 29.3.9.1 Where automatic fire extinguishing systems are provided to with exhaust ventilation. Exhaust discharge stacks shall meet the protect production equipment, such as mixers, solvent tanks, or requirements of 29.3.4.2(0. (30B:3-5.4) fixed open containers, such systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with the following, as applicable: 29-3.4.5 Local exhaust ventilation shall be provided for reject aerosol container receptacles that are located within buildings. ($0B:3-5.5) NFPA 11, Standard for Low-Expansion Foam. 29.3.5 Electrical Equipment. NFPA 11A, Standard for Medium. and High-Expanslon Foam Systemx 29-3.5.1 Electrical equipment and wiring in flammable propellant NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systemx charging andpump rooms shall be suitable for Glass I, Division 1 locations. (30B:3-6.1) NFPA 12A, Standard on Halon 1301 FireExtinguishing Systems. 29-3.5.1.1 ffthe vacuum pumps for propellant charging are remotely NFPA 12B, Standard on Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishing Systems. installed (i.e., not in the charging room), the area within 5 ft (1.5 m) of the extremities of the pumps shall be classified as a (~ass I, NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler Division 2 location. (30B:3-6.L1) and Foam.Water Spray System~ 29-3.5.2 Electrical equipment and wiring in areas where flammable NFPA 17, Standard for Do ChemicalExtinguishingSystem.~ (303:3-10) liquids are handled shall be suitable for the classification of the area,
410 NFPA 1~ F96 ROP
29-3.10 Spill Control. (b) The discharge vent shall terminate at least 10 ft (3 m) above the roof and at least 3 ft (1 m) above the highest point of axiy 29-3.10.1 Drainage systems shall be provided to direct leaks and building within 25 ft (7.6 m). spills to a safe location. Curbs, scuppers, or special drainage systems shall be permitted to be used to control the spread of fire. (See (c) Discharge vent manifolds shall not be allowed. (30B:3-14.3.2) Appendix A of NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, for further information. Also, see 5-3. 4 of NFPA 30, Flammable 29-3.13.4 Flammable Liquid Propellant Pump. and Combustible Liquids Code.) (30B:3-11.1) 29-3.13.4.1 ff located inside a building, the propellant pump shall 29-3.10.2 ff drainage systems are connected to public sewers or be located either in the propellant charging roomor in a separate discharge into public waterways, the drainage systems shall be pump room having suitable ventilation, as described in 29-3.4. equipped with traps, separators, or other devices that will divert flow (g0B:3-14.4.1) to a safe location. (30B:3-11.2) 29-3.13.4.2 If located outside, the propellant charging pump shall 29-3.11 Explosion Suppression Systems. be located at least 25 ft (7.6 m): 29-3.11.1 An explosion suppression system meeting the require- (a) From any opening in the adjacent wall of the production ments of NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, shall be facility. installed in flammable propellant charging rooms. (30B:3-12.1) (b) From walls or buildings other than the production facility or 29-3.11.2 Where installed, an engineered explosion suppression propellant charging room. system shall meet the requirements of NFPA 69, Standard for Explosion Prevention Systems, and shall use detectors that respond to (c) From any area subject to vehicular travel or from other sources radiant energy or ultraviolet light. (30B:3-12.1) of ignition. (30B:3-14.4.2)
29-3.12 Equipment Interlocks. Equipment shall be suitably 29-3.13.4.$ Pressure-containing metal parts shall be constructed of interlocked so that the conditions listed in Table 29-$.12 result in the following materials: the associated automatic actions given. (30B:3-15) (a) Steel;
Table 29-.q.12 Equipment Interlocks (b) Stainless steel; (c) Ductile (nodular) iron (ASTM A395 or A536, grade 60-40-18 or Condition Autmnmtlc Aotloa 6545-12); (d) Malleable iron (ASTM A47); Detection of 20% of the Alarm acti~tes. General ventila- lower explosive limit. tion flow rate increases to that (e) Higher strength grey iron (ASTM A48, Class 40B); required by 29-SA.2(e). Detection of 40% of the Audible alarm activates.Main (f) Brass; lower explosive limit propellant line shuts down. All equipment in propellant charg- (g) Other materials equivalent to any of the above. (30B:3-14.4.3) ing room shuts down. Vacuum 29-3.15.4.4 Pressure-containing parts, plungers, or pistons shall not pump(s) used in conjunction be constructed of ceramic materials. (30B:3-14.4.4) with aermol can fillingshuts down. 29-3.13.4.5 Bypass regulator bonnet vents, safetyrelief valves, and Acttmtion of protective Automatic shut-down of entire hydrostatic reliefvalvcs on equipment located within buildings shall systems within the propel- propellant charging line. be vented to a safe location outside. Discharge vents shall terminate lant charging room or at least 10 ft ($ m) above the roof and at least3 ft (1 m) above the product fill area. highest point of any building within 25 ft (7.6 m). (30B:3-14.4.5) 29-3.13.5 Test Baths. 29-3.13.5.1 When testbaths are heated, thcyshall be heated with 29-3.13 Process Operating Requirements. steam or hot water. Open-flame heaters shall not he used with Level 2 or Level 5 aerosol products. (30B:3-14,5.1) 29-3.13.1 Packaging and Conveyor System. Guide rails, starwheels, can screws (worms), and other parts of the conveying system shall be 29-3.15.5.2 Provisions shall be made to prevent overheating and designed to minimize crushing and tipping of containers. Manual or subsequent rupture of containers when containers bccome lodged automatic devices shall be installed to stop packaging machinery and or stranded in the bath. (30B:3-14.5.2) conveyors in the event of a jam. (30B:3-14.1) 29-3.14 Aerosol Product Laboratories. 29-3.13.2 Crimper Vacuum Pump Discharge Vent. The discharge vent for the crimper vacuum pump shall terminate at a safe location 29-3.14.1 Aerosol laboratoriesshall be considered as Class A outside, not less than 12 ft ($.7 m) above adjacent ground level. The laboratory units and, as such, shall comply with NFPA 45, Standard on vent outlet shall be located or arranged so that flammable gas or Fire Protectionfor Laboratories Using Chemicals. (30B:3-15.1 ) vapor will not be trapped by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least 5 ft (1.5 m) from any building openings. (30B:3-14.2) 29-3.14.2 Tests for total discharge, rate of spray, spray pattern, and net weight shall be conducted with proper ventilation. (30B:3-15.2) 29-3.13.3 Propellant Charging Equipment. 29-3.14.3 When the entire contertts of an aerosol container must be 29-3.13.3.1 The propellant pump and all equipment subject to used topefform a test or the contents of the container must be pressure from the pump shall be suitable for the working pressure of removedfor internal examination of the container, the following the pump. Pump discharge pressures shall not be limited. (30B:~- precautions shall be taken: 14.$.1) (a) The container shall be placed in a laboratory hood. 29-3.13.3.2 Vacuum pump and propellant pump discharge piping on any equipment that handles flammable gases or liquids shall (b) The container shall be grounded. meet the following requirements: (c) The container shall be pierced with a nail or punch, making as (a) The discharge vent shall terminate at a safe location outside small a puncture as possible. and at least 10 ft (3 m) away from any air intake. (d) Only one container at a time shall be punctured or sprayed.
411 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
(e) When more than five containers are to be evacuated at any one 29-4.2 Fire Protection - Basic Requirements. time, the operation shall be conducted in the propellant charging room, outdoors, or within equipment or facilities specifically 29-4.2.1 Where required by this chapter, wet-pipe automatic designed for this purpose. (30B:3-15.3) sprinkler protection shall be provided in accordance with Tables 4- 2(a) through 4-2(0 of NFPA 30B. Protection shall be based on the 29-$.14.4 Where propellant filling equipment is similar to that highest level of aerosol product present. (30B:4-2.1) utilized within production operations, the laboratory shall be considered to be a pilot plant and shall meet the construction and 29.4.2.2 Control valves for in-rack sprinklers shall be provided in ventilation requirements of Chapter 3 of NFPA 30B. (30B:5-15.4) accordance with NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Matori~ls. (S0B:4-2.2) 29-3.14.4,1 Gold-filling of flammable propellant shall be prohibited for standard or routine evaluations. 29-4.2.3 Installations of hose connections shall meet the require- ments of NFPA 231 or NFPA 251(3, whichever is applicable. Exception: Cold-filling of small numbers of samples usedfor special ~ang shag be permittod wherealternate filling methods cannot be used. (30B:3- Exception: Subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction, hose 15.4.1) statwns need not be installed in storage areas. (30B:4-2.3) 29-3.14.4.2 Manual filling of flammable propellant in an aerosol 29.4.2.4 Storage height and clearance requirements between laboratory shall be conducted inside a well-ventilated laboratory storage and sprinklers shall comply with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-2(1) hood. (30B:3-15.4.2) ofNFPA 30B. (30B:4-2.4) 29-4 Storage of Aerosols in Warehouses and Other Occupancies. 29-4.2.5 Solid shelving that is installed in racks that contain Level 3 aerosol products shallbe protected in accordance with Table 4-2(t) 29-4.1 Basic Requirements. of NFPA SOB. Solid shelving that is installed in racks that contain Level 2 aerosol products and that are protected by spray sprinklers 29.4.1.1 This section shall apply to the storage of aerosol products shall also be protected in accordance with Table 4-2(1") of NFPA 30B. in warehouses and occupancies other than warehouses. The hazards Solid shelving shall not be installed in racks that are protected by a relative to each storage scenario depend on the classification and ceiling sprinkler system that utilizes ESFR sprinklers. (30B:4-2.5) quantity ofaernsols stored and the protection provided. 29-4.3 Limited Quantity Storage in Occupancies Other than 29-4.1.2 All cartons of aerosol products shall be identified on at least Warehouses. one side with the classification of the aerosol products contained therein, in accordance with 29-1.3. Cartons shall be clearly marked 29-4.3.1 Storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products in a single as follows: fire area in occupancies other than warehouses or mercantile occupandes, such as assembly, business, educational, industrial, and "Level __ Aerosols" (30B:4-1.1) institutional occupancies, shall be permitted up to the following quantities: 29-4.1.3 Fire retardant cartons shall not be considered an acceptable alternative to the protection requirements of this chapter. (30B:4- (a) A maximum of 1000 lb (454 kg) net weight of Level 2 aerosol 1.2) products, or 29-4.1.4 Storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall not be (b) A maximum of 500 lb (227 kg) of Level 3 aerosol products. permitted in basement areas of warehouses. In no case shall the combined net weight of Level 2 and Level $ Exception: As providedfor in 29-4.3. (30B:4-1.3) aerosol products exceed 1000 lb (454 kg). (30B:4-3.1) 29-4.1.5 Level 1 aerosol products shall be considered equivalent to 29-4.3.1.1 These quantities shall be permitted to be doubled if the Class III commodities, as defined in NFPA 231, Standard for General quantifies in excess of those stated in 29-4.$.1 are stored in storage Storag¢ and NFPA 231 C, Standard for Rack Storage of Matalal~ In cases cabinets that meet the requirements of Section 4-3 of NFPA 30, where the storage of Level 1 aerosol products is required to be Flammable and CombustibleLiquids Code. (30B:4-3.1.1) protected, such storage shall be protected in accordance with the requirements set forth in NFPA 231 and NFPA 231(2. (30B:4-1.4) 29-4.3.2 Where Level 2 and Level $ aerosol products are stored in quantities greater than those allowed by 29-4.3.1, such quantities 29-4.1.5.1 Level 2 aerosol products in containers whose net weight of shall be stored in a separate inside storage area meeting the flammable contents is less than 1 oz (28 g) shall be considered to be requirements of 29-4.7. (30B:4-3.2) equivalent to Group A plastics, as defined in NFPA 231 and NFPA 231C. (30B:4-1.4. I) 29-4.4 Limited Quantity Storage in General Purpose Warehouses. 29-4.1.6 Encapsulated storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol 29-4.4.1 Subject to the approval of the authority havingjurisdiction, products shall not be permitted. Stretch-wrap of aerosol containers solid pile, palletized, or rack storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol m lieu of cartons shall not be permitted. However, stretch-wrapping products shall be permitted in a general purpose warehouse that is of cartons of aerosol products shall be permitted. (30B:4-1.5) either unsprinklered or not protected in accordance with this code, up to the following quantifies: 29-4.1.7 Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products whose containers are designed to vent at pressures less than 210 psig (1450 kPa) shall not (a) A maximum of 2500 lb (1135 kg) net weight of Level 2 aerosol be stored. (30B:4-1.6) products, or 29-4.1.8 Noncombustible draft curtains shall be installed as follows: (b) A maximum of 1000 lb (454 kg) net weight of Level 3 aerosol products. (a) At the interface between the ESFR sprinkler design area and the spray sprinkler design area; and In no case shall the combined net weight of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products exceed 2500 Ib ( 1135 kg). (30B:4-4.1) (b) At the interface between the design areas utilizing ordinary- temperature sprinklers and high-temperature sprinklers. 29-4.4.2 Subject to the approval of the authority havingjurisdiction, solid pile or palletized storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol The draft curtains shall extend for a depth of 6 ft (1.8 m) or 20 products shall be permitted in a general purpose warehouse that is percent of the ceiling height, whichever is smaller. (30B:4-1.7) protected throughout byan automatic sprinkler system up to a maximum total quantity of 12,000 lb (5450 kg) combined net weight 29-4.1.9 Storage of mixed commodities within or adjacent to aerosol of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products, subject to the following: product storage areas stiall meet all applicable requirements of this chapter. (30B:4-1.8) (a) The sprinkler system over the aerosol storage area and for a distance of 20 ft (6 m) beyond shall be designed in accordance with 29-4.1.10 Storage of idle or empty pallets shall meet all applicable Tables 4-2(a) and 4-2(b) of N-FPA 30B. requirements of NFPA 231, Standard for GeneralStorage (30B:4-1.9)
412 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
(b) Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be arrangement. ($0B:4-5.2.1.2) separated from the aerosol products storage area by at least 25 ft (8 m). 29-4.5.2.1.$ Subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction, a separation area shall extend outwards from the Such storage shall also meet the requirements of 4-5.2 of NFPA 30, periphery of the segregated aerosol product storage area and shall Flammable and Corabustible Liquids Code. ($0B:4-4.2) meet the following requirements: 29-4.4.$ Subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction, (a) The aggregate area used for aerosol product storage shall not rack storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall be exceed 15 percent of tl2e total are~k of the warehouse, up to a permitted in a general purpose warehouse that is protected maximum of 20,000 ft (91830 m'). throughout by an automatic sprinkler system up to a maximum total quantity of 24,000 lb (10 900 kg) combined net weight of Level 2 (b) The limits of the aerosol product storage area shall be clearly and Level 3 aerosol products, subject to the following: marked on the floor. (a) The sprinkler system in the Level 2 and Level $ aerosol (c) The separation area shall be a minimum of 25 ft (7.6 m) and products storage area shall be designed in accordance with Tables 4- shall be maintained clear of all materials that have a commodity 2(c) through 4-2(f) of NFPA $0B. The ceiling sprinkler system classification greater than III, according to NFPA 231, Standard for design shall extend for 20 ft (6 m) beyond the aerosol products General Storag~ storage area. (d) The area of the design for the required ceiling sprinkler (b) Storage of aerosol products shall be separated from storage of system shall extend 20 ft (tm) beyond the segregated area. (30B:4- flammable and combustible liquids by at least 25 ft (8 m). 5.2.1.3) Such storage shall also meet the requirements of 4-5.2 of NFPA 30, 29-4.5.2.2 Sprinkler protection shall be provided for segregated Flammable and Combuatible Liquids Code~ ($0B:4-4.B) aerosol product storage areas in accordance with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-2 (f) of NFPA $0B. Protection shall be provided for the 29-4.5 Segregated Aerosol Product Storage Areas in General highest level of aerosol products present. (30B:4-5.2.2) Purpose Warehouses. 29-4.5.2.3 Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged so that 29-4.5.1 Segregated storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products no storage is more than 25 ft (7.6 m) from an aisle. Aisles shall be at in a general purpose warehouse shall only be in a warehouse that is least 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. ($0B:4-5.2.3) protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler system that is designed in accordance with NFPA 231, Standard for General Storag~ 29-4.5.2.4 Rack storage shall be arranged so that a minimum aisle or NFPA 2B1C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials, whichever is width of 8 ft (2.4 m) is maintained between rows of racks and applicable. (50B:4-5.1) between racks and adjacent solid pile or palletized storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products. 29-4.5.2 Solid pile, palletized, or rack storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products in excess of the maximum quantities given in 29- Exception: Where protection is provided by ESFR sprinklers, the minimum 4.4.2 and 29-4.4.3 shall be protected in accordance with the aisle width shall be 4 fl (1.2 m). ($0B:4-5.2.4) requirements in 29-4.5.2.1 through 29-4.5.2.6. (30B:4-5.2) 29-4.5.2.5 An approved fire alarm system, meeting the requirements 29-4.5.2.1 Storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall be of 29-2.7, shall be provided in any general purpose warehouse in in a segregated area separated from the rest of the warehouse by which Level 2 and Level $ aerosol products are stored. interior walls, chain link fencing, or a separation area, in accordance with the requirements of 29-4.5.2.1.1 through 29-4.5.2.1.3. ($0B:4- (a) Activation of the fire alarm system shall be by operation of the 5.2.1) automatic sprinkler system or by manual pull station. 29-4.5.2.1.1 Interior walls shall have a fire-resistance rating of 1 or 2 (b) Activation of the fire alarm system shall cause all fire doors or hr and shall be continuous from floor to the underside of the roof gates leading to the segregated aerosol product storage area to close deck or ceiling. automatically. ($0B:4-5.2.5) (a) For interior walls having a fire-resistance rating of 2 hr, the 29-4.5.2.6 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be aggregate floor area utilized for Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol product separated from the segregated area by a minimum distance of 25 ft storage shall not exceed 25 percent of th%total floo~area of the (8 m) or by the segregating wall. ($0B:4-5.2.6) warehouse, up to a maximum of 40,000 ft" (3660 m'). 29-4.6 Aerosol Warehouses. (b) For interior wails having a fire-resistance rating of 1 hr, the aggregate floor area utilized for Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol product 29-4.6.1 Storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products in excess of storage shall not exceed 20 percent of th%total floo~area of the the amounts permitted in 29-4.4 and 29-4.5 shall be located within warehouse, up to a maximum of 30,000 ft~ (2745 m~). ($0B:4- an aerosol warehouse. (30B:4-6.1) 5.2.1.1) 29-4.6.2 Aerosol warehouses shall be protected by automatic 29-4.5.2,1.2 Chain link fencing shall extend from the floor to the nkler systems in accordance with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-2(f) of underside of the roof deck or ceiling and shall meek the following A 30B. Protection shall be provided for the highest level of requirements: aerosol product present. (a) The aggregate area utilized for Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol Exception: Subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction, an product storage shall not exceed 20 perce~t of the t~)tal area of the unprotected aerosol warehouse shall be located a minimum of l OOfl (30 m) warehouse, up to a maximum of 20,000 ft" (1830 m'). from exposed buildings or adjoining proper 0 that can be built upon if there is rotection for exposures Where protection for exposures is not provided, a (b) Fencing shall not be lighter than 9 gauge (2.9 mm) steel wire Pmtmmum . . 200-fl (60-m)" distance. ts, reqmred., ($0B:4-6.2) woven into a maximum 2 in. (50 ram) diamond mesh. 29-4.6.$ Aerosol warehouses shall be separate, detached buildings or (c) Storage of commodities whose hazard exceeds that of a Class shall be separated from other occupancies by freestanding 4-hr fire III commodity, as defined by NFPA 231, shall be kept outside of the walls, with communicating openings protected on each side by segregated area and at least 8 ft (2.4 m) from the fence, except as automatic closing, listed ?,-hr fire doors. ($0B:4-6.B) allowed by 29-4.5.2.6. 29-4.6.4 If the aerosol warehouse building is located more than 10 ft (d) The area of the design for the required ceiling sprinkler (B In), but less than 50 ft (15 m), from an important building or line system shall extend 20 ft (6 m) beyond the segregated area. of adjoining property that can be built upon, the exposing wall shall have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hr with each opening (e) A minimum of two personnel exits shall be provided. protected with a listed 1 1/2-hr fire door. (30B:4-6.4) (f) All openings in the fencing shall be provided with self-closing 29-4.6.5 ffthe aerosol warehouse building is located 10 ft (3 m) or or automatic-closing gates or shall be protected with a labyrinth less from an important building or line of adjoining property that
413 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP
can be built upon, the exposing wall shall have a fire resistance 29-4.8.2.2 Chain link fencing shall extend from the floor to the rating of 4 hr with each opening protected with a listed 3-hr fire underside of the roof deck and shall meet the following require- door. (30B:4-0.5) ments:
29-4.6.6 The total quantity of aerosols within an aerosol warehouse (a) The aggregate floor area utilized for the storage of Level 2 and shall not be restricted. (30B:4-6.6) Level 3 aerosol products shall not exceed 20 percent of th%total flq?or area of the warehouse, up to a maximum of 20,000 ft" (1850 29-4.6.7 Combustible commodities, other than flammable and m'). combustible liquids, shall be permitted to be stored in an aerosol product warehouse, provided the warehouse is protected in (b)* Fencing shall be not lighter than 9 gauge (2.9 mm) steel wire accordance with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-2(f) ofNFPA 30B, woven into a maximum gin. (5 cm) diamond mesh. whichever is applicable. Flammable and combustible liquids in metal containers of 1 qt (0.9 L) capacity or less shall be permitted to be (c) All storage outside the segregated storage area shall be kept at stored in an aerosol product warehouse, provided the warehouse is least 8 ft (2.4 m) from the fence. protected in accordance with Table 4-2(1') of NFPA 30B. (30B:4-6.7) (d) Spill control or drainage shall be provided to prevent the flow 29-4.6,8 Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged so that of liquid to within 8 ft (2.4 m) of the segregated storage area. no storage is more than 25 ft (7.6 m) from an aisle. Aisles shall be at /east 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. (30B:4-6.8) (e) The area that extends for 20 ft (6 m) beyond the segregated storage area shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system 29-4.6.9 Rack storage shall be arranged so that a minimum aisle designed in accordance with the requirements for storage of aerosol width of 8 ft (2.4 m) is maintained between rows of racks and products, as specified by this Code, or in accordance with the between racks and adjacent solid pile or palletized storage of aerosol requirements for liquid storage, as specified in NFPA 30, F/ammable products. and Combustible Liquids Code, whichever is the more restrictive.
Exception: Where protection is provided by E.$FR sprinklers, the minimum (f) All openings in the fencing shall be provided with serf-closing aisle width shall be 4 fl (1.2 m). ($0B:4-6.9) or automatic-closing gates or shall be protected with a labyrinth arrangement. 29-4.7 Storage of Aerosol Products in Separate Inside Flammable Liquid Storage Areas. (g) A minimum of two personnel exits shall be provided. (30B:4- 8.2.2) 29-4.7.1 Storage of aerosol products shall be Rfrmitteefl in separate inside flammable liquid storage areas of5O0 fi~(47 m') or less that 29-4.8.$ Sprinkler protection shall be provided for segregated meet the requirements of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids aerosol product storage areas in accordance with Tables 4-2(a) Code, u p to a m aximu m quantity of 1000 I b (454 kg) of Level 2 through 4-2(f) of NFPA 30B. Protection shall be provided for the aerosol products or 500 Ib (227 kg) of Level 3 aerosol products or highest level of aerosol products present. (30B:4-8.$) 1000 lb (454 kg) of combined Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products. (80B:4-7.1) 29-4.8.4 Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged so that no storage is more than 25 ft (7.6 m) from an aisle. Aisles shall be at 29-4.7.2 Storage of aerosol products shall be permitted in saparate 2 least 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. (30B:4-8.4) inside flammable liquid storage areas of greater than 500 ft~ (47 m ) that meet the requirements of NFPA 30, F/ammable and Cornbust/ble 29-4.8.5 Rack storage shall be arranged so that a minimum aisle Liquids Code, up to a maximum quantity of 2500 lb (1135 kg) of width of 8 ft (2.4 m) is maintained between rows of racks and Level 2 aerosol products or 1000 lb (454 kg) of Level 3 aerosol between racks and adjacent solid pile or palletized storage of aerosol products or 2500 Ib (1135 kg) of combined Level 2 and Level 3 products. aerosol products. Exception: Where protection is provlded by ESFR sprinklers, aisle width shall Exception: Storage of Level2 and Le'oel 3 aerosol products shall be permitted not be less than 4 fl (1.2 m). (30B:4-8.5) in separate inside storage areas up to a maximum of SO00 lb (2270 kg), if the separate inside storage area is protected by an automatic sprinkler system 29-4.8,6 Fire doors or gates that lead into the segregated storage that is designed in accordatwe with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-209 , of NFPA area shall be either serf-closing or provided with automatic-closing 30B whichever is applicable. (30B:4-7.2) devices that are activated by water flow or by an approved fire detection system. ($0B:4-8.6) 29-4.8 Storage of Aerosol Products in Liquid Warehouses (as defined in NFPA 30). 29-4.9 Outdoor Storage.
29-4.8.1 Storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products in a liquid 29-4.9.1 Level 2 and 3 aerosol products that are stored outdoors warehouse, as defined in NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids shall he separated from important buildings or structures. (SeeNFPA Code, shall he within a segregated area. (30B:4-8.1) 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection ofBuildings from Exterior Fire Exposures, for recoramended separation.) (30B:4-9.1) 29-4.8.2 Storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall he in a segregated area that is separated from the rest of the warehouse by 29-4.9.2 A minimum 50-ft (15-m) separation shall be maintained either interior walls or chain link fencing in accordance with the between Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products and other combustible requirements of 29-4.8.2.1 or 29-4.8.2. 2. yard storage. (30B:4-9.2)
Exception: Where aerosol products are stored in an unprotected liquid 29-4.9.$ Temporary storage trailers shall be located a minimum of warehouse, as allowed by 4-4.4 of N1;PA 30, the aerosol- products tire not 50 ft (15 m) from buildings, any property line that can be built required to be in a segregated area. Storage configuration shall meet the upon, and other unprotected or combustible yard storage. A requirements of 29-4.6.8 and 29-4.6.9 of this Code. (30B:4-8.2) maximum of two such trailers shall be permitted in any one storage group. (30B:4-9.3) 29-4.8.2.1 Interior walls shall have a fire-resistance rating of 1 or 2 hr and shall be continuous from floor to the underside of the roof 29-4.9.4 Storage shall meet all applicable requirements of NFPA deck. 231, Standard for General Sto'rag~ ($0B:4-9.4) 7 (a) For interior wails having afire-resistance rating of two hours, 29-5 Mercantile Occupancies. This section shall apply to the storage the aggregate floor area utilized for the storage of Level 2 and Level of aerosol products in mercantile occupancies. The hazards relative 3 aerosol products shall not exceed 25 percent .~ the totalqqoor area to each storage scenario depend on the classification and quantity of of the warehouse,-up to a maximum of 40,000 ft (3700 m'). aerosols stored and the protection provided. (b) For interior walls having a fire resistance of 1 hr, the aggregate 29-5.1 Sales Display Areas -Aerosol Storage not Exceeding 8 ft (2.4 floor area utilized for the storage of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol m) High. products shall not exceed 20 percent of tl~ total flo#r area of the warehouse, up to a maximum of 30,000 ft~ (1850 m'). 29-5.1.1 Level 1 aerosol products in sales display areas shall not be limited. (30B:5-1.1) (c) Spill control or drainage shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquid to within 8 ft (2.4 m) of the segregated area. ($0B:4-8.2.1)
414 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
29-5.1.2 Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall be removed from 29-5.2.7 The sales display area shall meet file requirements for combustible cartons, or the cartons shall be display-cut, when mercantile occupancies in NFPA 101, Life SafeO Cod~ (30B:5-2.7) located in sales display areas. 29-5.3 Back Stock Storage Areas. Exception: Cartoned display of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall be permitted provided the area is protected in accordance with Tables 4-2(a) 29-5.3.1 Where back stock areas are separated from sales display through 42(i0 of NFPA 30B. (30B:5-1.2) areas by construction having a minimum 1-hr fire resistance rating, storage of Level 2 and Level3 aerosol products shall meet the 29-5.1.3 Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products in sales display areas requirements of Chapter 4 of NFPA 30B. ($0B:5-3.1) shall not exceed the maximum quantities given in 29-5.1.3.1 and 29- 5.1.3.2 according to the protection provided. (30B:5-1.3) 29-5.3.2 Where back stock areas are not separated from sales display areas by construction having a minimum 1-hr fire resistance rating, 29-5.1.3.1 In sales display areas that are unsprinklered or whose the quantity of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products in back stock sprinkler system does not meet the requirements of 29-5.1.3.2, the areas shall be included in the total allowable quantities specified in total aggregate quantity of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall 29-5.1.3 or 29-5.2.4 and protection shall be provided in accordance not exceed the following: with 29-5.3.1. (30B:5-3.2)
Max Net Weight 29-5.$.3 An additional quantity of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol Floor Per Floor, lb (kg) roducts, up to a maximum of 500 lh (227 kg), shall be permitted in Basement Not Permitted g ack stock areas, where the additional quantities are stored in Ground 2500 (l135)- flammable liquid storage cabinets that meet the requirements of Upper 500 t227 / Section 4-3 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. (30B:5-$.3) (30B:5-1.3.1) 29-5.3.4 Storage of aerosol products in separate inside flammable 29-5.1.3.2 In sales display areas that are sprinklered in accordance liquids storage rooms shall meet the requirements of 294.7 of this with NFPA 13 for at least Ordinary Hazard (Group 2) occupancies, Code. (30B:5-3.4) the total aggregate quantity of Level 2 and Level 3a,qrosol products shall not exceed 2 lb net weight per sq ft (9.8 kg/m ") of gross sales 29-6 Industrial Trucks And Aerosol Product Waste Disposal. floor area. However, no single 10ft by 10-ft (3-m by 3-m) section of sales floor area shall contain more than 1000 lb (454 kg) net weight 29-6.1 This section shall apply to the use of powered industrial of aerosol products. (30B:5-1.3.2) trucks and the handling of aerosol waste in storage and mercantile occupancies. The hazards relative to each operation depend on the 29-5,1.4 Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products shall be securely classification and quantity of aerosols stored and the protection stacked to not more than O ft (1.8 m) high from base to top of the provided. storage array unless on fixed shelving. Shelving shall be of stable construction and shall not exceed 8ft (2.4 m) in height. (30B:5-1.4) 29-6.2 Powered Industrial Trucks.
29-5.2 Sales DisplayAreas -Aerosol Storage Exceeding 8 ft (2.4 m) 29-6.2.1 The use and selection of powered industrial trucks shall High. comply with NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Maintenance, and 29-5.2.1 Storage and display of Level 1 aerosol products in sales Operation. ¢30B:6-2.1 ) display areas shall not be limited. (30B:5-2.1) 29-6.2.2 If the type of load handled presents a hazard of rearward 29-5.2.2 Storage and display of Level 2 and Level 3 aerosol products falls, the powered industrial truck shall be equipped with a vertical shall be in cartons. load backrest extension. (30B:6-2.4)
Exccc~tion: Containers of Levd 2 and Level 3 aerosol products that are stored 29-6.3 Waste Disposal. or displayed no more than 6 fl (1.8 m) above tl~ flo~r shall be permitted to be uncartoned or in displayeut cartons. (30B:5-2.2) 29-6.3,1 Filled or partly filled aerosol containers shall be separated from all other rubbish and trash and shall be placed in noncombus- 29-5.2.3 The storage and display of Level 2 and Level $ aerosol tible waste containers. (30B:6-5.1) products shall be protected in accordance with Tables 4-2(a) through 4-2 (f) of NFPA SOB, whichever is applicable. Where in-rack 29-6.3.2 Filled or partly filled aerosol containers shall not be sprinklers are required by Table 4-2(e) or Table 4-2(0 of NFPA SOB disposed of in compactors, balers, or incinerators that crush the and where the aerosol products are stored in accordance with the to container or heat its contents. 29-5.2.2, the first tier of in-rack sprinklers shall be installed above the shelf unit but not more than 6 ft (1.8 m) above the floor level. . ~ .EX~otiOn: Equipment and faci~ties that are specifw-all3 designed for the (30B:5-2.3) sal of aerosol containers. (30B:6-5.2)
29-5.2.3.1 Noncombustible draft curtains shall be installed in the building as follows: Chapter 30 Liquefied Petroleum Gases/Liquefied Natural Gases (a) At the interface between design areas utilizing ESFR sprinklers 30-1 General Provisions. and those utilizing standard orifice sprinklers and 30-1.1 Application. (b) At the interface between design areas utilizing ordlnaxy- temperature sprinklers and those uiilizing high-temperature 30-1.1.1 The storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases (LP- sprinklers. Gas or LPG) shall be in accordance with this chapter and NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. The draft curtains shall extend for a depth of 6 ft (1.8 m) or 20 percent of the ceiling height, whichever is smaller. (30B:5-2.3.1) 30-1.1.2 Plans for fixed (stationary) installations of LP-Gas utilizing storage containers of over 2,000 gal (7.6 m ) individual water 29-5.2.4 Storage and display of Level 2 and Level 3 aero~l product~, m~aCity, or with aggregate water capacity exceeding 4,000 gal (15.1 shall not exceed 10,000 lb (4540 kg) within any25,000 ft (2323 m ) ), shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction before of sales display area. Aerosol products display areas shall be the installation is started. (58:1-4.1) separated from each other by a minimum of 25 ft (7.6 m). ($0B:5- 2.4) 50-1.2 See Section 1-15 for permits required. 29-5.2.5 The area of the design for the required ceiling sprinkler 30-1.3 Special Definitions. system shall extend 20 ft (6 m) beyond the aerosol display and storage area- (30B:5-2.5) ASMF-. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (58:1-6) 29-5.2.6 Storage arid display of flammable and combustible liquids ASME Container (or Tank). A container constructed in accordance shall be separated from the storage of aerosol products by a with the ASME Code. (58:1-6) minimum distance of 25 ft (7.6 m) or by a segregating wall. (SOB:5-2.6)
415 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
Cylinder. A portable container constructed to DOT (formerly ICC) be designed to withstand static loadings in any direction equal to cylinder specifications or, in some cases, constructed in accordance twice the weight of the container and attachments when filled with with the ASME Code of a similar size and for similar service. The LP-Gas, using a safety factor of not less than four, based on the maximum size permitted under DOT specifications is 1,000 lb (454 ultimate strength of the material to be used. (See Chapters 3 and 6 of kg) water capacity. (58:1-6) NFPA 58for additional providons app~ing to the LP-Gas system used.) (58:2-2.4.2) Vaporizer. A device other than a container that receives LP-Gas in liquid form and adds sufficient heat to convert the liquid to a 30-2.1.8 Horizontal containers of 2,000 gal (7.6 m 3) water capacity gaseous state. (58:1-6) or less, designed for permanent installation in stationary service, may be equipped with nonfireproofed structural steel supports and Vaporizer, Direct-Fired. A vaporizer in which heat furnished by a designed to permit mounting on firm foundations in accordance flame is directly applied to some form of heat exchange surface in with the following: contact with the liquid LP-Gas to be vaporized. This classification includes submerged-combustionvaporizers. (58:1-6) (a) For installation on concrete foundations raised above the ground level by more than 12 in. (305 mm), the structural steel Vaporizer, Indirect (also called Indirect-F'tred). Avaporizer in which supports shall be designed so that the bottoms of the horizontal heat furnished by steam, hot water, the ground, surrounding air or members are not less than 2 in. (51 ram) nor more than 12 in. (305 other heating medium is applied to a vaporizing chamber or to ram) below the outside bottom of the container shell. tubing, pipe coils or otherheat exchange surface containing the liquid LP-Gas to be vaporized; the heating of the medium used (b) For installation on paved surfaces or concrete pads within 4 in. being at a point remote from the vaporizer. (58:1-6) (102 ram) of ground level, the structural steel supports may be designed so that the bottoms of the structural members are not 30-2 LPagas Equipment and Appliances. more than 24 in. (610 ram) below the outside bottom of the container shell. (58:2-2.5.2) 30-2.1 Containers. 30-2.1.9 Containers to be used as portable storage containers for 30-2.1.1 Refrigerated containers shall comply with Chapter 9 of temporary.stationary service (normally less than 6 months at any NFPA 58. ( See Appendices C and D of NFPA 58.) (58:2-2.1.2) given location) and to be moved only when substantially empty of liquid shall comply with the following: 30-2.1.2 Containers shall be designed, fabricated, tested, and marked (or stamped) in accordance with the Regulations of the U.S. (a) If mounted on legs or supports, such supports shall be of steel Department of Transportation (DOT), the ASME Boiler and Pressure and shall either be welded to the container by the manufacturer at Vessel Code, "Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels," the time of fabrication or shall be attached to lugs that have been so Section VIII, or the API-ASME Codefor Unfired Pressure Vesselsfor welded to the container. The legs or supports or the lugs for the Petroleum Liquids and Gases, applicable at the date of manufacture; attachment of these legs or supports shall be secured to the and as follows: container in accordance with the code or rule under which the container is designed and built, with a minimum factor of safety of (a) Adherence to applicable ASME Code Case Interpretations and four, to withstand.loading in any direction equal to twice the weight Addenda shall be considered as compliance with the ASME Code. of the empty container and attachments.
(b) Containers fabricated to earlier editions of regulations, rules, (b) If the container is mounted on a trailer or semitrailer running or codes listed in 2-2.1.3 of NFPA 58 and the ICC Rules for Construc- gear so that the unit can be moved by a conventional over-the-road tion of Unfired Pressure Vessels, prior to April 1, 1967, shall be tractor, attachment to the vehicle, or attachments to the container to ermitted to be continued in use in accordance with 1-1.4. of NFPA make it a vehicle, shall comply with the appropriate DOT require- ~8. (58:2-2.1.3) merits for cargo tank service; except that stress calculations shall be based on twice the weight of the empty container. The unit shall also 30-2.1.3 Containers showing serious denting, bulging, gouging, or comply with applicable state and DOT motor carrier regulations and excessive corrosion shall be removed from service. (58:2-2.L6) shall be approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. (58:2-2.5.4)
30-2.1.4 Repair or alteration of containers shall comply with the 30-2.1.10 Container Markings. regulations, rules, or code under which the container was fabricated. Other welding is permitted only on saddle plates, lugs, or brackets $0-2.1.10.1 Containers shall be marked asprovided in the regula- attached to the container by the container manufacturer. (58:2- tions, rules, or code under which they are fabricated and in 2.1.7) accordance with 30-2.1.10.2 through 30-2.1.10.5.
30-2.1.5 Containers for general use shall r~,,t have individual water (a) When LP-Gas and one or more other compressed gases are to capacities greater than 120,000 gal (454 m ). Containers in service be stored or used in the same area, the containers shall be marked stations sha~l not have individual water capacities greater than 30,000 "Flammable" and either "LP-Gas," "LPG," "Propane," or "Butane." gal (114 m~). (58:2-2.1.8) '" Compliance with marking requirements of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations shall meet this provision. 30-2.1.~ Portable containers of 1,000 lh (454 kg) [nominal 120 (0.5 m ) ] water capacity or less shall incorporate protection against (b) When being transported, portable DOT containers shall be physical damage to container appurtenances and immediate marked and labeled in accordance with Tide 49 of the Code of connections to these while in transit, storage, while being moved Federal Regulations. (58:2-2.6.1) into position for use, and when in use except in residential and commercial installations, by 30-2.1.10.2 Portable DOT containers designed to be filled by weight, including those optionally filled volumetrically but that may require (a) Recessing connections into the container so that valves will not check weighing, shall be marked with: be struck if the container is dropped on a flat surface, or, (a) The water capadty of the container in lb. (b) A ventilated cap or collar designed to permit adequate pressure relief valve discharge and capable of withstandlng a blow (b) The tare weight of the container in lb, fitted for service. The from any direction equivalent to that of a 30 lb (14 kg) weight tare weight is the container weight plus the weight of all perma- dropped 4 ft (1.2 m). Construction shall be such that the force of nently attached valves and other fittings, but does not include the theblow will not be transmitted to the valve. Collars shall be weight ofprotecting devices removed in order to load the'container. designed so that they do not interfere with the free operation of the (58:2-2.6.2) cylinder valve. (58:2-2.4.1) 30-2.1.10.3 ASME containers shall be marked in accordance with 30-2.1.7 Portable containers of more than 1,000 lb (454 kg) the following: [nominal 120 gal (0.5 m )] water capacity, including skid tanks or for use as cargo containers, shall incorporate protection against (a) The marking specified shall be on a stainless steel metal hysical damage to container appurtenances by recessing, protective nameplate attached to the container, located to remain visible after ~ ousings, or by location on the vehicle. Such protection shall comply the container is installed. The nameplate shall be attached in such a with the provisions under which the tanks are-fabricated, and shall- - way to minimize corrosion of the nameplate or its fastening means and not contribute to corrosion of the container.
416 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
Exception: When the container is buried, mounded, insulated, or otherwise (c) Means shall be used to prevent the accumulation or flow of covered so as to obscure the nameplate, the information contained on the liquids having flash points below 200°F (93.4°C) under adjacent LP- nameplate shall be duplicated and installed on adjacent piping or on a Gas containers such as by dikes, diversion curbs, or grading. structure in a clearO visible location. NOTE: For information on determination of flash points, see (b) Service for which the container is designed; i.e., underground, NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classification of Flammable and aboveground, or both. Combustible Liquids.
(c) Name and address of container supplier or trade name of (d) LP-Gas containers shall be located at least 10 ft (3 m) from the container. centerline of the wall of diked areas containing flammable or combustible liquids. (d) Water capacity of container in lb or U.S. gal. (e) Design pressure in psig. (e) The minimum horizontal separation between aboveground LP- Gas containers and aboveground tanks containing liquids having (f) The wording "This container shall not contain wproduct flash points below 200°F (93.4°G) shall be 20 ft (6 m). No horizontal having a vapor pressure in excess of psig at 100°F (37.8°C). " separation shall be required between aboveground LP-Gas contain- (See Table 2-2.2. 2 of NFPA 58.) ers and underground tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids installed in accordance with NFPA 30, Flammable and (g) Tare weight of container fitted for service for containers to be Combustible Liquids Coda filled by weight. Exception: This provision shall not app~ when LP-Gas containers of 125 gal (h) Outside surface area in sq ft. (0.5 ra~ ) or leas w~ter capacity are installed adjacent to fuel oil supply tanks of 660 gal (2.5 m ~ ) or less capacity. (i) Year of manufacture. (f) The minimum separation between LP-Gas containers and (j) Shell thickness __ head thickness. oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers shall be in accordance with (k) OL__ OD __ Table 3-2.2.6(0 of NFPA 58. (1) Manufacturer's serial number. Exception: Lesser distances shall be permitted where protective structures having a miniraura fire resistance rating of 2 hr interrupt the line of sight (m) ASME Code symbol. (58:2-2.6.3) between uninsulated portions of the oxygen or hsdrogen containers and the LP-Gas containers. The location and arrangement of such structures shall $0-2.2 ContalnerAppurtenances. Container appurtenances shall be minimize the problems cited in the Note to 30-3.1.1.3. fabricated of materials suitable for LP-Gas service and resistant to the action of LP-Gas under service conditions and shall comply with NOTE: Also, see NFPA 50, Standard for the Design and Installation Section 2-3 of NFPA 58. of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes and NFPA 51, Standard for BuO~ Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites for $0-2.3 Piping (Including Hose), Fitt'mgs, and Valves. oxygen systems and NFPA 50A, Standard for Gaseous Hsdrogen Systems at Consumer Sites on gaseous hydrogen systems. 30-2.3.1 Piping (including hose), fittings, and valves shall comply with Section 2-4 of NFPA 58. (g) The minimum separation between LP-Gas containers and liquefied hydrogen containers shall be in accordance with NFPA 30-2.$.2 Emergency shutoffvalves shall be approved and incorpo- 50B. rate all of the following means of dosing: (h) Where necessary to prevent flotation due to possible high (a) Automatic shutoff through thermal (fire) actuation. When flood waters around aboveground or mounded containers, or high fusible elements are used they shall have a melting point not water table for those underground and partially underground, exceeding 250°F (121°C). containers shall be securely anchored. (b) Manual shutofffrom a remote location. (i) When LP-Gas containers are to be stored or used in the same area with other compressed gases, the containers shall be marked to (c) Manual shutoff at the installed location. (58:2-4.5.4) identify their content in accordance with ANSI Standard Z48.1, Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the $0-2.$.3 Hose, hose connections, and flexible connectors shall be Mate~al Contained (CGA C-4). fabricated of materials resistant to the action of LP-Gas both as liquid and vapor. If wire braid is used for reinforcement it shall be of (j) No part of an aboveground LP-Gas container shall be located in corrosion resistant material such as a stainless steel. (58:2-4.6.1) the area 6 ft (1.8 m) horizontally from a vertical plane beneath overhead electric power lines that are over 600 volts, nominal. (58:3- 30-2.$.4 Hydrostatic relief valves designed to relieve the hydrostatic 2.2.7) pressure that might develop in sections of liquid piping between dosed shutoffvalves shall have pressure settings not less than 400 $0-$.1.1.$ Structures such as fire walls, fences, earth or concrete psig (2.8 MPa gauge) or more than 500 psig (3.5 MPa gauge) unless barriers, and other similar structures shall be avoided around or over installed in systems designed to operate above 350 psig (2.4 MPa installed nonrefrigerated containers. gauge). Hydrostatic relief valves for use in systems designed to operate above 350 psig (2.4 MPa gauge) shall have settings not less Exception No. 1: Such structures partially enclosing containers are than 110 percent or more than 125 percent of the system design permissible if designed in accordance with a sound fire protection analysis. pressure. (58:2-4.7) Exception No. 2: Structures used to prevent fl.ammable or combustible liquid 30-3 Installation of LP-Gas Systems. accumulation orflow are permissible in accordance with 30-3.1.I.2(c). 30-3.1 General Provisions. Exception No. 3: Structures between LP-Gas containers and gaseous hydrogen containers are permissible in accordance with 30-3.1.1.209. 30-3.1.1 Location of Containers. Exception No. 4: Fences are permissible in accordance with 30-3.2.1 of this 30-3.1.1.1 Containers installed outside of buildings, whether of the document. portable type replaced on a cylinder exchange basis, or permanently nstalled and refilled at the installation, shall be located with respect NOTE: The presence of such structures can create significant to the nearest container, important building, group of buildings, or hazards, e.g.,pocketing of escaping gas, interference with line of adjoining property that may be built upon, in accordance application of cooling water by fire deparWnents, redirection of with Tables 3-2.2.2, 3-2.2.4, and 3-2.2.7(0 of NFPA 58. (58:3-2.2.2) flames against containers, and impeding egress of personnel in an emergency. (58:3-2.2.9) $0-3.1.1.2 The following provisions shall also apply: 30-$.1.2 Installation of Containers. Containers shall be installed in (a) Containers shall not be stacked one above the other. accordance with items (a) through (f): (b) Loose orpiled combustible material and weeds and long dry grass shall not be permitted within 10 ft (3 m) of any container. 417 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP
(a) DOT cylinder specification containers shall be installed only 30-3.1.4.3 General Installation Provisions. aboveground, and shall be set upon a firm foundation, or otherwise firmly secured. Flexibility shall be provided in the connecting 30.3.1.4.3.1 Vehicle fuel dispensers and dispensing stations shall be piping. installed as recommended by the manufacturer. (58:3-9.3.1) -
(b) All containers shall be positioned so that the pressure relief 30-3.1.4.3.2 Installation shall not be within a building but shall be valve is in direct communication with the vapor space of the permitted to be under weather shelter or canopy, provided this area container. is adequately ventilated and is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its perimeter. (58:3-9.3.2) (c) Where physical damage to LP-Gas containers, or systems of which they are a part, from vehicles is a possibility, precautions shall 30-3.1.4.3.3 Control for the pump used to transfer LP-Gas through be taken against such damage. the unit into containers shall be provided at the device in order to minimize the possibility of leakage or accidental discharge. (58:3- (d) The installation position of ASME containers shall make all 9.3.3) container appurtenances accessible for their normally intended use. 30-3.1.4.8.4 An excess-flow check valve complying with 2-3.3.3(b) (e) Field welding on containers shall be limited to attachments to of NFPA 58 or an emergency shutoffvaive complying with 2-4.5.4 of nonpressure parts, such as saddle plates, wear plates or brackets NFPA 58 shall be installed in or on the dispenser at the point at applied by the container manufacturer. Welding to container proper which the dispenser hose is connected to the liquid piping. A shall comply with 30-2.1.4. differential back pressure valve shall be considered as meeting this provision. (58:3-9.3.4) (f) Aboveground containers shall be kept pr9perly painted. (58:3- 2.4.1) 30-3.1.4.8.5 Piping and the dispensing hose shall be provided with hydrostatic relief valves as specified in 3-2.9 of NFPA 58. (58:3-9.3.5) 30-3.1.3 Installation of Pipe, Tubing, Pipe and Tubing Fittings, Valves, and Hose. 30-8.1.4.3.6 Protection against trespassing and tampering shall be in accordance with 30-3.2.1. (58:3-9.3.6) 30-3.1.3.1 Provision shall be made in piping including interconnect- ing of permanendy installed containers, to compensate for 30-3.1.4.3.7 A manual shutoffvaive and an excess-flow check valve of anSion, contraction, jarring and vibration, and for settling. suitable capacity shall be located in the liquid line between the re necessary, flexible connectors complying~with 2-4.6 of NFPA pump and dispenser inlet where the dispensing device is installed at 58 shall be permitted to be used (seeS-2.8.8 of NFPA 58). The use of a remote location and is not part of a complete storage and nonmetallic pipe, tubing, or hose for permanently interconnecting dispensing unit mounted on a common base. (58:3-9.3.7) such containers shall be prohibited. (58:3-2.8.6) 30-3.1.4.8.8 All dispensers shall either be installed on a concrete 30-3.1.3.2 Underground metallic piping shall be protected against foundation or be part of a complete storage and dispensing unit corrosion as warranted by soil conditions (see 3-2.12 of NFPA 58). mounted on a common base and installed in accordance with 3- 2.4.2(a)3 and 2-2.5.2(a) and (b) of NFPA 58. Protection shall be LP-Gas piping shall not be used as a grounding electrode. (58:3- provided against physical damage. (58:3-9.3.8) 2.8.8) 30-3.1.4.3.9 A listed quick-acting shutoffvalve shall be installed at 30.3.1.3.3 Hose shall be permitted to be used on the low- pressure the discharge end of the transfer hose. (58:3-9.3.9) side of regulators to connect to other than domestic and commercial appliances as follows: 80-$.1.4.3.10 A clearly identified and easily accessible switch(es) or circuit breaker(s) shall heprovided at a location not less than 20 ft (a) The appliance connected shall be of a portable type. (6.1 m) nor more than 100 ft (30.5 m) from dispensing device(s) to shut offthe power in the event of a fire, accident, or other emer- (b) For use inside buildings, the hose shall be of a minimum gency. The marking for the switch(es) or breaker(s) shall be visible length, not exceeding 6 ft (1.8 m) [except as provided for in 3- at the point of liquid transfer. (58:3-9.3.10) 4.2.3(b) of NFPA 58], and shall not extend from one room to another, nor pass through any partitions, walls, ceilings, or floors 30-3.1.4.4 Installation of Vehicle Fuel Dispensers. (except as provided for in 30-3.3.2.6). It shall not be concealed from view or used in concealed locations. For use outside buildings, hose 30-3.1.4.4.1 Hose length shall not exceed I8 ft (5.5 m). All hose length shall be permitted to exceed 6 ft (1.8 m) but shall be kept as shall be listed. When not in use, hose shall be secured to protect it short as practical. from damage.
(c) Hose shall be securely connected to the appliance. The use of Exception: Hoses longer than 18fl (5.5 m) shall be permitted where approved rubber slip ends is not permissible. b) the authority having ju~isdictlon. (58:3-9.4.1) (d) A shutoffvalve shall be provided in the piping immediately 30-3.1.4.4.2 A listed emergency breakaway device complying with upstream of the inlet connection of the hose. When more than one UL 567, Standard Hpe Connectmsfor b-hrmmable and Combustible Liquids such appliance shutoffis located near another, precautions shall be andLP-Gas, and designed to retain liquid on both sides of the taken to prevent operation of the wrong waive. breakaway point, or other devices affording equivalent protection approved by the authority having jurisdiction, shall be installed. (e) Hose used for connecting appliances to wall or other outlets (58.'3-9.4.2) shall be protected against physical damage. (58:3-2.8.11) 30-8.1.4.4.3 Dispensing devices for liquefied petroleum gas shall be 30-3.1.4 Vehicle Fuel Dispenser and Dispensing Stations. (58:3-9) located at least 10 ft (3.0 m) from any dispensing device for Class I liquids. (58:3-9.4.3) 30-3.1.4.1 Application. This section includes location, installation, and operating provisions for vehicle fuel dispensers and dispensing 30-3.2 Distributing and Industrial LP-Gas Systems. stations. The general provisions of Section 3-2 of NFPA 58 shall apply unless specifically modified in this section. 30-3.2.1 Protection against Tampering for Systems Covered by Sections 3-3 and 3-9 of NFPA 58. To minimize the possibilities for 30-3.1.4.2 Location. trespassing and tampering, the area that includes container appurtenances, pumping equipment, loadingand unloading 30-3.1.4.2.1 Location shall be in accordance with Table3-ZS.3 of facilities, and container filling facilities shall be protected by one of NFPA 58. (58:3-$-0.2.1) the following methods: 30-3.1.4.2.2 Vehicle fuel dispensers and dispensing stations shall be (a) Enclosure with at least a 6-ft (1.8-m) high industrial-type fence, located away from pits in accordance with Table 3-2.3.3 of NFPA 58 unless otherwise adequately protected. There shall be at least two with no drains 6r blow-offs from the unit directed toward, or within means of emergency access from the fenced or other enclosure. 15 ft (4.5 m) of, a sewer systems opening. (58:3-3-9.2.2) Clearance shall-be provided to permit maintenance to be per- formed, and a clearance of at least 3 ft (1 m).shall be prowded to allow emergency access to the required means of egress, ff guard service is provided, it shall be extended to the LP-Gas instailation. Guard personnel shall be properly trained. 418 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
Exception: If a fenced or othenoise enclosed area is not over 100 sq fl (92) (a) Tar kettle burners, hand torches, or melting pots. in area, the point of transfer is within 3 fl (I m) of a gate and containers being filled are not located within the enclosure, a second gate need not be (b) Portable heaters with less than 7,500 Btuh (8 MJ/h) input if provided. used with containers having a maximum water capacity of 2.71b (1.2 kg) andfilled with no more than 16.8 oz (0.522 kg) of LP-Gas. (58:3- (b) As an alternate to fencing the operating area, suitable devices 4.2.8) that can be locked in place shall be provided. Such devices, when in place, shall effectively prevent unauthorized operation of any of the" 30-$.$.2 Buildings Under Construction or Undergoing Major container appurtenances, system valves, or equipment. (58:%3.6) Renovation. 30-3.2.2 Lighting. ff operations are normally conducted during $0-$.3.2.1 Containers shall be permitted to be used and transported other than daylight hours, adequate lighting shall be provided to in buildings or structures under construction or undergoingmajor illuminate storage containers, containers being loaded, control renovation when such buildings are not occupied by the public, or, valves, and other equipment. (58:3-3.7) if partially occupied by the public, containers shall he permitted to he used and transported in the unoccupied portions with the prior 30-3.3 LP-Gas Systems in Buildings or on Building Roofs or Exterior approval of the authority havingjurisdiction. Such use shall be in Balconies. accordance with 30-3.3.2.1 through 30-3.3.7.3. (58:3-4.3.1)
30-3.3.1 General Provisions for Containers, Equipment, Piping, and 30-3.3.2.2 For temporary heating, such as curing concrete, drying Appliances. plaster, and similar applications, heaters (other than integral heater- container units covered in 30-3.3.2.3) shall be located at least 6 ft 30-3.3.1.1 Containers, regulating equipment, manifolds, pipe, (1.8 m) from any LP-Gas container. (58:5-4.3.3) tubing, and hose shall be locatedso as to minimize exposure to abnormally high temperatures (such as might result from exposure $0-$.$.2.$ Integral heater-container units specifically designed for to convection and radiation from heating equipment or inst,411ation the attachment of the heater to the container, or to a supporting in confined spaces), physical damage, or tampering by unauthorized standard attached to the container, may be used, provided they are persons. (58:3-4.2.4) designed and installed so as to prevent direct or radiant heat application to the container. Blower and radiant type units shall not $0-3.$.1.2 Heat producing equipment shall be located and used so be directed toward any LP-Gas container within 20 ft (0 m). (58:3- as to minimize the possibility of the ignition of combustibles. (58:3- 4.3.4) 4.2.5) $0-3.3.2.4 If two or more heater-container units of either the 30-$.3.1.3 Where containers are located on a floor, roof, or balcony, integral or nonintegral type are located in an unpartitioned area on rovisions shall be made to minimize the possibility of containers the same floor, the container(s) of each such unit shall be separated ling over the edge. from the container(s) of any other such unit by at least 20 ft (6 m). (58:%4.3.5) (a) Filling containers on roofs or balconies shall be prohibited. See %2.3.1 (c) of NFPA 58. (58:3-4.2.6) 30-$.$.2.5 If heaters are connected to containers manifolded together for use in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the total $0-$.3.1.4 Transportation (movements) of containers within a water capacity of containers manifolded together serving any one building shall comply with the following: heater shall not be greater than 735 lb (333 kg) [nominal 300 lb (136 kg) LP-Gas capacity], and if there is more than one such (a) Movement of containers having water capacities greater than manifold it shall be separated from any other by at least 20 ft (6 m). 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) and filled with no more than 16.8 oz (0.522 kg) of LP- (58:%4.3.6) Gas within a building shall be restricted to movement directly associated with the uses covered by 30-5.3.2 through 30-3.3.8 and $0-$.$.2.6 On floors on which no heaters are connected for use, shall be conducted in accordance with these provisions and 30- containers may be manifolded together for connection to a heater 3.3.1.4(b) through (d). or heaters on another floor, provided: (b) Valve outlets on containers having water capacities greater (a) The total water capacity of the containers connected to any than 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) and filled with no more than 16.8 oz (0.522 kg) one manifold is not greater than 2,450 lb (1111 kg) [nominal 1,000 of LP-Gas shall be tightly plugged or capped and shall comply with lb (454 kg) LP-Gas capacity], and the provisions of 30-2.1.6. (b) Manifolds of more than 735 lb (333 kg) water capacity (c) Only emergency stairways not generally used by the public shall [nominal 300 lh (136 kg) LP-Gas capacity], if located in the same be used, and precautions shall be taken to prevent the container unpartitioned area, shall be separated from each other by at least 50 from falling down the stairs. ft (15 m). (58:%4.3.7) (d) Freight or passenger elevators shall be permitted to be used $0-$.$.2.7 The provisions of 30-3.3.2.4, 30-3.3.2.5, and 30-3.3.2.6 when occupied only by those engaged in moving the container. shall be permitted to be altered by the authority having jurisdiction (58:$-4.2.7) if compliance is impractical. (58:3-4.3.8)
30-$.$.1.5 Portable heaters, including salamanders, shall be $0-$.$.$ Buildings Undergoing Minor Renovation when Frequented equipped with an approved automatic device to shut off the flow of by the Pubfic. Containers may be used and transported for repair or gas to the main burner and to the pilot, if used, in the event of flame minor renovation in buildings frequented by the public as follows: extinguishment or combustion failure. Such portable heaters shall be serf-supporting unless designed for container mounting (see 30- • (a) During the hours of the day the public normally is in the 3.3.2.3). Container valves, connectors, regulators, manifolds, piping, building the following shall apply or tubing shall not be used as structural supports. The following shall also apply. 1. The maximum water capacity of individual containers shall be 50 lb (23 kg) [nominal 20 lb (9 kg) LP-Gas capacity] and the Portable heaters manufactured on or after May 17, 1967, having an number of containers in the buildingshall not exceed the number input of more than 50,000 Btuh (53 MJ/h), and those manufactured of workers assigned to using the LP-Gas. prior to May 17, 1967, with inputs of more than 100,000 Btuh (105 MJ/h), shall be equipped with either. 2. Containers having a water capacity greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.45 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall not be left unat- (a) A pilot that must be lighted and proved before the main tended. burner can be turned on, or (b) During the hours of the daywhen the building is not open to (b) An approved electric ignition system. the public, c.ontainers shall be permitted to be used and transported in the building for repair or minor renovation in accordance with Exception: The provisione of 30-3.3.1.5 shall not be applicable to the 30-3.3.1 and 30-3.3.2, provided, however, that containers with a following: greater water capacity than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.45 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall not be left unattended. (58:3-4.4)
419 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP
30-3.3.4 Buildings Housing Industrial Occupancies. (b) If more than one such container is located in the same room, the containers shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6.1 m). 30-3.3.4.1 Containers shall be permitted to be used in buildings housing industrial occupancies for processing, research, or (c) The training location shall be acceptable to the authority experimental purposes as follows: havingjurisdiction. (a) Containers, equipment, and piping used shall comply with 30- (d) Containers shall be promptly removed from the building when 3.3.1. the training class has terminated. (58:3-4.8.2)
(b) If containers are manifolded together, the total water capacity 30-3.3.7.3 Containers complying with UL 147A, Standard for of the connected containers shall be not more than 735 lb (333 kg) Nonrefillable (Disposable) Type Fuel Gas G31inder Assemblies , and having a [nominal 300 ib (136 kg) LP-Gas capacity]. If there is more than one maximum water capacity of 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) and filled with no more such manifold in a room, it shall be separated from any other by at than 16.8 oz (0.522 kg) of LP-Gas shall be permitted to be used in least 20 ft (O m). buildings as part of approved serf-contained torch ass~mblies or similar appliances. (58:3-4.8.3) (c) The amouht of LP-Gas in containers for research and experimental use in the building shall be limited to the smallest 30-3.3.7.4 Listed and approved LP-Gas commercial food service practical quantity. (58:3-4.5.1) appliances shall be permitted to be used inside restaurants and in attended commercial food catering operations provided that no 30-3.3.4.2 Containers shall be permitted to be used to supply fuel commercial food service appliances shall have more than two 10-oz for temporary heating in buildings housing industrial occupancies (296-ml) nonrefillable butane gas containers complying with UL with essentially noncombustible contents, if portable equipment for 14713, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposal) Tyl~eMetal Container space heating is essential and a permanent heating installation is not Assemblies for Butans, having a maximum water capacity of 1.08 lb practical, provided containers and beaters comply with and are used (0.490 kg) per container connected directly to the appliance at any in accordance with 30-3.3.2. (58:3-4.5.2) time andcontalners shall not be manifolded. The appliance fuel container(s) shall be an integral part of the listed, approved, 30-3.3.5 Buildings Hous)ng Educational and Institutional Occupan- commercial food service device and shall be connected without the cies. Containers shall be permitted to be used in buildings housing use of a rubber hose. Butane containers shall be listed. Storage of educational and institutional laboratory occupancies for research containers shall be in accordance with 5-3.1 of NFPA 58. (58:3-4.8.4) and experimental purposes, but not in classrooms, as follows: 30-3.3.8 Portable Containers on Roofs or Exterior Balconies. (58:3- (a) The maximum water capacity of individual containers used 4.9) shall be: 30-3.3.8.1 Containers shall be permitted to be permanentlyinstailed 1.50 Ib (25 kg) [nominal 20 lb (9.1 kg) LP-Gas capacity] if used in on roofs of buildings of fire-resistive construction, or noncombus- educational occupancies. tible construction having essentially noncombustible contents, or of other construction or contents that are protected with automatic 2. 12 lb (5.4 kg) [nominal 5 ib (2 kg) LP-Gas capacity] if used in sprinklers ( see NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction) in institutional occupancies. accordance with 30-3.3.1 and the following: (b) If more than one such container is located in the same room, (a) The total water capacity of containers connected to any one the containers shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6.1 m). manifold shall be not ~reater than 980 lb (445 kg) [nominal 400 lb (181 kg) LP-Gas capacity], ffmore than one manifold is located on (c) Containers not connected for use shall be stored in accordance the roof, it shall be separated from any other by at least 50 ft (15 m). with 30-5. (b) Containers shall be located in areas where there is free air Exception: Containers shall not be stored in a labora$~:'_yroor~ (58:3-4.6) circulation, at least 10 ft (3.0 m) from building openings (such as windows and doors), and at least 20 ft (6.1 m) from air intakes of air 30-3.3.6 Temporary Heating and Food Service Appfiances in conditioning and ventilating systems. Buildings in Emergencies. (c) Containers shall not be located on roofs that are entirely 30-3.3.6.1 Containers shall be permitted to be used in buildings for enclosed by parapets more than 18 in. (457 mm) high unless: temporary emergency heating purposes if necessary to prevent damage to the buildings or contents, and if the permanent heating 1. the parapets are breached with low-level ventilation openings system is temporarily out of service, provided the containers and no more than 20ft (6.1 m) apart, or heaters comply with and are used and transported in accordance with 3-4.2 and 3-4.3 of NFPA 58, and the temporary beating 2. all openings communicating with the interior of the building equipment is not left unattended, (58:3-4.7.1) are at or above the top of the parapets.
30-3.3.6.2 When a public emergency has been declared and gas, (d) Piping shall be in accordance with 3-4.2.3 of NFPA 58. Hose fuel, or electrical service has been interrupted, portable listed LP- shall not be used for connection to containers. Gas commercial food service appliances meeting the requirements of 30-3.3.7.4 shall be permitted to be temporarily used inside (e) The fire department shall be advised of each such installation. affected buildings. The portable appliances usedshall be discontin- (58:3-4.9.1) ued and removed from the building at the time the permanendy installed appliances are placed back in operation. (58:3-4.7.2) 30-3.3.8.2 Containers having water capacities greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.5 kg)] LP-Gas capacity shall not be located 30-3.3.7 Use in Buildings for Demonstrations or Training, or Use in on balconies above the first floor that are attached to a multiple Small Containers. (58:3-4.8) family dwelling of three or more living units located one above the other. 30-3.3.7.1 Containers having a maximum water capacity of 12 Ib (5.4 kg) [nominal 5 lb (2 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall be permitted to be Exception: Where such balconies are served by outside stairways and where used temporarily inside buildings forpublic exhibitions or demon- on~ such stairways are used to transport the container. (58:3-4.9.2) strations, including use in classroom demonstrations. If more than one such container is located in a room, the containers shall be 30-3.4 Fire Protection. separated byat least 20 ft (6.1 m). (58:M.8.1) 30-3.4.1 General. 30-3.3.7.2 Containers shall be permitted to be used temporarily in buildings for training,purposes related to the installation and use of 30-3.4.1.1 The wide rang~in size, arrangement, and location of LP- LP-Gas systems, provaded the following conditions are met: Gas installations coveredby NFPA 58 precludes the inclusion of detailed fire protection provisions completely applicable to all (a) The maximum water capacity of individual containers shall be installations. Provisions in this section are subject to verification or 245 lb (111 kg) [nominal 100 lb (45 kg) LP-Gas capacity], but not modification through analysis of local conditions. (58:3-10.2.1) more than 20 lb (9.1 kg) of LP-Gas shall be placed jn a single container.
420 ~-SA.L2 The planningfor effective measures for control of 80-4 LP-Gm Liquid Transfer. inadveftetlt L~P-~as rel~me or fire shall-lt~ eo~'x~nmt~t ~Ith local emexsency handlingagencies ~ ~ as fireand ~e dqm~nents. 304.1 ~L~ka~" ~ This ~ece0n coven ~ ~]iq~d LP~-~a~ Such ~.si~~~'e~ ~S:oot.. from one co~er to ~o~er whenever ~ ~m~er lnvo~ye~ - colm~onl~ pre~nt li~ ~ ~~ Of ~cy tlazgllll~ connectiom and disconnectionsin the tram~ system, or the agendes: x~ng stmU~c0~ttst~thes~,ty ofemeig~acypermnn~. venting of LP-C~ to the aw~osphere. Included are provisions <~:~!°'~ . . covering operational safety, location of transfer operations, and me~o~ ~or d~n~ the quanety of LP-o~ pcrn~tted ~n 80-8.4.1.3 Fire protection shalt be provided for Installations having container~ (~;4-!.1.1) storage container~ with an aggregate ~ capadty of more than 4,000- 8al (1~.I m ) subject to exposure from a single fire. The mode S0~.20pemio~d Ssmy. of such protection shall be. determined through a competent fire safetyanaly~b (see 30-3.1.1,~). " 80-4.2.1 Transfer Peesonnel. The first consideration in any such analysis shall be an evaluation of 80-4.2.1.1 Transfer operations shall be condncted by qualified the total product control system includingemergency internal and personnel meeting the p..~ens of Section 1-6 ofNFPA 58:A~ least shutoff V~ves having remote and thermal-shutoff capaHlity and bne qualified person mau remain in attendaace at or near tUe pullawayl~rotection. - , , wans£-er operation from the lime connections are made until the" transfer is completed, shutoff valves are closed, and lines are NOT~ .Experience has indicated that h.ose stream appli~flon of disconnected. ~.~:4.2.1.1) . initiation of flame contact is an effe~v~ wayto prevent ' 80-4.~.1.2 Tramfee permnnel shall exercise caution t6elxsure that container failure from fire expomu~. The majodty d~ Im~¢.,.. the LP-O~es Wamfei~edare those for which the transfer system and contalne~ exposed to su~icientfire m reml~ J~ conmtner~d|ure' me con~edeb be filledare deagne~ (~:4-2.1.~) ha~ failed in from 1(Yte~min ~ ~ ~f the fire where water Was not ~[~li~,-~ ~n ~ form Of'aspray can al/m be s0~u Co--to e~m~ used to controt unignitedgasleakage. ' 80-4.2,2.1 hrthe interest of mfeW, t~mmfer of LP-C,m to and from a ~o, No.'n g~ ana0~ #~/f~ m ~.4.~.s ~ a container stmU be accom~hed ~by quatmect penmm u-~aned~- ao~ ,~ ~¢ ~:,~/~tmSo,,~,~?/~.4A.~,&at hog proper handllgg aud operating procedures meeting the require- ~. ments of 1-6 of NFPA ~8 andin ~qmcy resp0m~ proceaures. Such persons thali nou~ the ~ owner aad met in ~wr~lug when noncompliancewtth Sediom f~-2 and 80-8 is found. (~8:4~ smiJus ~amt ~st~ a,d tl~ provisio~ of .~9.:~.4.I.Y ~,mot ~ ,~ spsdal 2.2.1) .. - . .(~8:3-10.2,8) , 80-4~2.2.2 Valve outi~ on portable containers ofl08 lb-(40 kg) . water c~pactt~:tn0ml~ 4~lb ('~0:iq~.~ ~1 or lm shall 80-8.4.1.4 Suitableroad~ys,or other means ofaccem for emergency equipment, such as firedepartment apparatm, shallbe provided. dosing c~u~ Or alis~e~ qulck / 80-8.4,1.7 Emergency controls shall be conspicuously marked, and 80.4.8 Arrangement and Opm~ion of Tranafer SylJtemL the controls shah be located so as tO be readily accemiblein emergencies. (58:8-10.2.7) • 80-4.8.1 Public access to areas where LP-Gasis stored and trans- ferred shall=beW~ exeq~whete ~fot the condect of 80-8.4.2 Special I~roteefl0n. normal bminemacflvie~ (~8:4~2.3.I) • , s0~.4.~ ~ ~o~ is ~ it ~t be ~b~ ~ ~.~ th~ $04..~.2 Sources of ignition shall be conu-olled during tran~er container temperature to not over 800°F (427°C) for a minimum of operatims, whilectmaeaiemzr ~are made, or while 50 minutes as det4~mlned-by test with im,ulafion:-applkd t@ a steel LP-C~ is being vented to the ~~ plate a~d ~ u, atm ea~ m~mmiaUy ov~the.a~ea of the test plate. The lnlatlation t3~_~m shall be ~tly- resistai~tto (a) ~ ~neol~tam with~ 15ft (4.6.m):ef&point of weathering a~I the.action of hose .memm. ( ,q~ Ap~ H o~NPP~ ' transfer sl~lt buhutdewn wIflle such uamfer- operations x¢ in 580 (5&~-10,8.1) • , pr6gr~, except as followE. 80-S.40.2 Ifmoundingis utilized,the prov~iom of 30.4.7 of NFPA 58 shall constitute adequate protection. (~8:3-I0.8.2) comp~ With Cha~ter 6 Whilesuch m~gineitare ~ ~amfer pumps or COmpreuors on these vehicles to load conmin~-~sas 80~.4.2.8 If burial is utilized,the pr~ of &~.4.8 of NFPA58 provided ~ 3-~.S.2 of NFPA 58.. . shall constituteadequate protection. (~:3-I0,8,8) s0~.4 ~f~=r sp~fi~ s~ms a~e ~d, theyshaU com~y- ~th ~'PA is, S~naan~f~r ~ ~ ~SS~m,for~ Such systemsshall be automatically actuated by-fire responsive (b) Smoking, openflamemetal cutting or welding, portable devices and also ha~e'a capability for manltal actuation. (58:8-10.3.4) electrical tools, and extension ligh~ capable of igui~g LP-C~ shall not be pemfltted wishin 25 ft (7.6 m) of a point of tmmfer while 80-8.4.2.5 If monitor no~Je~ are reed, they ~II be located and filling ope~_ ons are in progrem. Care shall be laken to ensure that arranged so that all container m rf~Ces likely to'be e~.. to fire. mat~tals that have been heated have cooled before that tran~er is will be wetted. Such systems shail'0therwise complywtth ~*1~tAr]5, S~,,~#r Wa~ sp~ ~ s~u~ ~, ~m~,n and shaU be automatically ~:byEn'e ~ devices and als0 have a (c) Sourfes Of i~'don, such ascot ~'e!ectric tgoiti~o,n . capabilityfor manual ac~ation. ~:3-10.8.5) devicm, bum~,l, 7eikctricatat~!ta~e~ a~t.entgi~ locateo on me vehicle ~g refueled si~t I~ mined .offdurii~ the ~iUingof any LP-C~ container on the Vehiele. (~8;4-'2,8.2) 421 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP 30-4.3.3 Cargo vehicles (see Sectiou 30-6) unloading into storage 30-5.3 Storage within BuHdlngs. containers shall be at least 10 ft (3 m) frorfi the container anclso positioned that the shutoffvalves on both the truck and the 30-5.3.1 Storage within Buildings Frequented by the Public. DOT container are readily accessible. The cargo vehicle shall not transfer spedfication cylinders with a maximum water capacity of 2 1/2 lb (1 LP-Gas into dispensing station storage while parked on a public way. kg) [nominal I lb (0.45 kg)] LP-Gas capacity, and filled with no (58:4-2.3.3) more than 16.8 oz (0.522kg) LP-Gas, used with completely self- contained hand torches and similar applicatiops, shall be permitted 30-4.4 Venting LP-Gas to the Atmosphere. LP-Gas, in either liquid to be stored or displayed in a bu.ilding frequented by the public. The or vapor form, shall not be vented to the aunosphere. quantity of LP-Gas shall not exceed 200 lb (91 kg). Exception No. 1: Venting for the operation offixed liquid leve~ ~otar3 or slip Exception No. 1: Storage in restaurants and at food service locations of l O.oz tube gauges, provided the maximum flow does not exceed that from a No. 54 (283-[~r) butane nonrefillable containers shall be limited to no more than 24 drill orifice. ~;neys. 2,: venting b¢or Exception No. 2: An additional twenty-four lO-oz (283-gr) butane connecting the liquid transfer linofwra the cont,ain~r. When n~e,ua , nonrefillable containers shall be pennitted to be stored in another location suitable bleeder valves shall be used. rj within the building provided.that the storage area is constructed with at least a 2-hrfire wallprotection. (58:5-3.1) Exception No. 3: LP-Gas nu9 be vented for the purposes desmibed in 4-3.1, Exception No. 1, of NFPA 58 and within structures designed for container 30-5.3.2 Storage within Buildings Not Frequented by the Public filling as provided in 3-2.3.1 and C~pter 7 of NFPA 58. (Such As Industrial Buildings). Exception No. 4: Ventingvapor from listed liquid transfer pumps using such 30-5.3.2.1 The maximum quantity allowed in one storage location vapoi as a source of energy, provided the rate of discharge does not exceed that shall not exceed 735 lb (334 kg) water capacity [nominal 300 lb (136 from a No. 31 drill size opening. (See 3-2.3.3 of NFPA 58for location of such kg) LP-Gas]. If additional storage locations are required on the same transfer operations.) floor within the same building, they shall he separated by a minimum of 300 ft (91 m). Storage beyond these limitations shall Exception No. 5: Purging as permitted in 30-4.3.2. comply with 30-5.3.3. (58:5-3.2.1) • Exception No. 6: Eraergenc3 venting as permitted in 30-4.3.3. (58:4-3.1) 30-5.3.2.2 Containers carried as part of the service equipment on highway mobile vehicles shall not be considered in the total storage 30-5 Storage of Portable Containers Awaiting Use or Resale. capacity in 30-5.3.2.1 provided such vehicles are stored in private garages and carry no more than three LP-Gas containers with a total 30-5.1 Appfication. Gaggregate capacity per vehicle not exceeding 100 lb (45 kg) of LP- as. Container valves shall be dosed when not in use. (58:5-3.2.2) 30-5.1.1 The provisions of this chapter; are applicable to the storage of portable containers of 1,000 lb (454 kg) water capacity, or less, 30-5.3.3 Storage within Special Buildings or Rooms. whether filled, partially filled or empty (if they have been in LP-Gas service) as follows: 30-5.3.3. I The maximum quantity of LP-Gas that may be stored in special buildings or rooms shall be 10,000 lb (4540 kg). (58:5-3.3.1) (a) At consumer sites or dispensing stations, but not connected for use. 30-5.3.3.2 Special buildings or rooms for storing LP-Gas containers shall not be located adjoining the line of property occupied by (b) Instorage forresale bydealer or reseller. (58:5-1.1.1) schools, churches, hospitals, athletic fields, or other points of public gathering. (58:5-3.3.2) 30-5.1.2 The provisions of this section shall not apply to containers stored at bulk plants. (58:5-1.1.2) 30-5.3.3.3 The construction of all such special buildings, and rooms within, or attached to, other buildings, shall comply with Chapter 7 30-5.2 General Provisions. of NFPA 58 and the following: 30~.2.1 General Location of Containers. (a) Adequate vents, to the outside only, shall beprovided at both top aa.d bottom, located at least 5 ft (1.5m) away from any building 30-5.2.1.1 Containers in storage shall be so located as to minimize opemng. exposure to excessive temperature rise, physical damage, or (b) The entire area shall be classified for purposes of ignition tampering. (58:5-2.1.1) source control in accordance with Section $-7 of NFPA 58. (58:5- 3.3.3) 30-5.2.1.2 Containers in storage having individual water capacity greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.45 kg)] LP-Gas 30-5.3.4 Storage within Residential Buildings. Storage of containers capacity, and filled with not more than 16.8 0z (0.522 kg) LP-Gas, within a residential building including the ~asement or any storage shall be positioned such that the pressure relief valve is in direct area in a common basement storage area in multiple family communication with,the vapor space of the container. (58:5-2.1.2) buildings and attached garages shall be limited to 2 containers each with a maximum water capacity of 2 1/2 lb (1.1 kg) and not exceed 30-5.2.1.3 Containers stored in buildings in accordance with 30-5.3 5 lb (2.3 kg) total water capacity for smaller contal_ners per each shall not be located near exits, stairways, or in areas normally used, living space unit. Each container shall meet DOT specifications. or intended to be used, for the safe egress of occupants. (58:5-2.1.3) (58:5-3.4) 30-5.4 Storage Outside of Buildings. 30-5.2.1.4 Empty containers that have been in LP-Gas service shall preferably be stored in the open. If stored inside, they shall be 30-5.4.1 Location of Storage Outside of Buildings. Storage outside considered as full containers for the purposes of determining the of buildings for containers awaiting use or resale shall be located in maximum quantities of LP-Gas permitted in 30-5.3.1, 30-5.3.2.1, and accordance with Table 30-5.4.1 with respect to: 30-5.3.3.1. (58:5-2.1.4) (a) Nearest important building or group of buildings. 30-~.2.1.5 Containers not connected for use shall not be stored on roofs. (58:5-2.1.5) (b) Line of adjoining property that may be built upon. 30-5.2.2 Protection of Valves on Containers in Storage. Container (c) Busy thoroughfares or sidewalks. valves shall be protected as required by 2-2.4.1 of NFPA 58. Screw-on (d) Line of adjoining property occupied byschoois, churches type caps or collars shall be securely in place on all containers stored hospitals, athletic fielc~, or other points of publlc gathering. regardless of whether they are full, partially fuil or empty, and container o-titiet valves shall be closed and plugged or capped. The (e) Dispensing station. provisions of 30-4.2.2.2 shall apply. (58:5-2.2.1) Exception." Location of cylinders in thefiUing process shall not be considered to be in storag~ (58:5-4) 422 NFPA 1 w F96 ROP Table $0-5.4.1 30-6.1.1.5 Containers and their appurtenances shall be determined . to be leak-free before being loadedinto vehicles. Containers shall be loaded into vehicles with substantially flat floors or equipped with Horizontal Distance to: suitable racks for holding containers. Containers shall be securely Quantity of fastened in position to minimize the possibility of movement, tipping LP-Gas Stored (a) and (b) (c) and (d) (e) over, or physical damage. (58:6-2.2.6) 30-6.1.1.6 Containers having an individual water capacity not 720 Ib (227 kg) or less 0 0 5 fi (1.5 m) exceeding 108 lb (49 kg) [nominal 45 lb (20 kg) LP-Gas] capacity 721 (227 + kg) to 0 10 fi (3 m) 10 ft (3 m) transported in open vehicles and containers having an indiwdual water capacity not exceeding 10 Ib (4.5 kg) [nominal 4.2 lb (2 kg) 2,500 lb (1134 kg) LP-Gas] capacity transported in enclosed spaces of the vehicle shall 2,501 (1134 + kg) to 10 ft (3 m) 10 ft (3 m) 10 fi (3 m) be permitted to be transported in other than the upright position. 6,000 Ib (2721 kg) Containers having an individual water capacity exceeding 108 lb (49 kg) [nominal 45 Ib (20 kg) LP-Gas] capadty transported in open 6,001 (2721 + kg) to 20 ft (6 m) 20 ft (6 m) 20 ft (6 m) vehicles and containers having an individual water capacity 10,000 Ib (4540 kg) exceeding 10 lb (45 kg) [nominal 4.2 lb (1.9 kg) LP-Gas] capacity transported in enclosed spaces shall be transported with the relief Over 10,000 lb 25 ft (7.6 m) 25 ft (7.6 m) 25 ft (7.6 m) device in direct communication with the vapor space. (58:6-2.2.7) (4540 kg) $0-6.1.1.7 Vehicles transporting more than 1,000 Ib (454 kg) of LP- Gas, including the weight of the containers, shall be placarded as required by DOT regulations or state law. (58:6-2.2.8) 30-5.4.2 Protection of Containers. $0-6.1.2 Fire Extinguishers. Each truck or trailer transporting portable containers as provided by 30-6.1.1 of this Code or 6-2.3 of 30-5.4.2.1 Containers at a location open to the public shall be NFPA 58 shall be equipped with at least one approved portable fire protected by either:. extinguisher having a minimum capacity of 18 lb dry chemical with a B:C rating. (See izlso NFPA 10.) (58:6-2.4) (a) An enclosure in accordance with 30-3.2.1(a), or 30-6.2 Parking and Garaging Vehicles Used to Carry LP-Gas Cargo. (b) A lockable ventilated metal locker or rack that prevents tampering with valves and pilferage of the cylinder. (58:5-4.2.1) 30-6.2.1 Application. This section applies to the parking (except parking assodated with a liquid transfer operation) and garaging of 30-5.4.2.2 Protection against vehicle impact shall be provided in vehicles used for the transportation of LP-Gas. Such vehicles include accordance with good engineering practice where vehicle traffic those used to carry portable containers and those used to carry LP- normally is expected at the location. (58:5-4.2.2) Gas in cargo tanks. (58:6-6.1) 30-5.4.3 Alternate Location and Protection of Storage. Where the 30-6.2.2 Parking of Vehicles~ provisions of 30-5.4.1 and 30-5.4.2.1 are imjpractical at construction sites, or at buildings or structures undergoing major renovation or 30-6.2.2.1 Vehicles carrying or containing LP-Gas parked outdoors repairs,..... the storage of containers shall be acceptable to the authority shall comply with the following: havingjurisdiction. (58:5-4.3) (a) Vehicles shall not be left unattended on any street, highway, 30-5.5 Fire Protection. Storage locations, other than supply depots avenue, or alley, provided that this shall not prevent drivers from the at separate locations apart from those of the dealer, reseller, or necessary absences from the vehicle in connection with their normal userrs establishments, shall be provided with at least one approved duties, nor shall it prevent stops for meals or rest stops during the portable fire extinguisher having a minimum capacity of 20 lb dry day or at night. chemical with a B:C rating. (58:5-5) Exception No. I: In an emergency this shall not app,. 30-6 Vehicular Transportation of LP-Gas. Exception No. 2: When parked in accordance with 30-6. 2.2.1(b). 30-6.1 Transportation in Portable Containers. (b) Vehicles shall not be parked in congested areas. Such vehicles 30-6.1.1 Transportation of DOT Specification Cylinders or Portable shall bepermitted to be parked offthe street in uncongested areas if ASME Containers. at least 50 ft (15 m) from any building used for assembly, institu- tional, or multiple residential occupancy. This shall not prohibit the 30-6.1.1.1 Portable containers having an individual water capacity parking of vehicles carrying portable containers or cargo vehicles of not exceeding 1,000 lb (454 kg) [nominal 420 lb (191 kg) LP-Gas 3500 gal (13 m ) water capacity or less on streets adjacent to the capacity], when filled with LP-Gas, shall be transported in accor- driver's residence in uncongested residential areas, provided such dance with 30-6.1.1.2 through 50o6.1.1.7. (58:6-2.2.1) points of parking are at least 50 ft (15 m) from a building used for assembly, institutional, or multiple residential occupancy. (58:6- $0-6.1.1.2 Containers shall be constructed as provided in Section 2-2 6.2.1) of NFPA 58 and equipped in accordance with Section 2-3 of NFPA 58 for transportation as portable containers. (58:6-2.2.2) $0-6.2.2.2 Vehicles parked indoors shall comply with the following: 30-6.1.1.3 Valves of containers shall be protected in accordance with (a) Cargo vehicles parked in any public garage or building shall 30-2.1.6. Screw-on type protecting caps or collars shall be secured in have LP-Gas liquid removed from the cargo container, piping, place. The provisions of 30-4.2.2.2 shall apply. (58:6-2.2.4) ump, meter, hoses, and related equipment, and the pressure in the ~ elivery hose and related equipment shall be reduced to approxi- $0-6.1.1.4 The cargo space of the vehicle shall be isolated from the mately atmospheric, and all valves shall be dosed before the vehicle driver's compartment, the engine and its exhaust system. Open- is moved indoors. Delivery hose or valve outlets shall be plugged or bodied vehicles shall be considered as in compliance with this capped before the vehicle is moved indoors. provision. Closed-bodied vehicles having separate cargo, driver's, and engine compartments shall be considered as in compliance with (b) Vehicles used to carry ~ortable containers shall not be moved this provision. into any public garage or butlding for parking until all portable containers have been removed from the vehicle. Exception: Closed-bodied vehicles such as passenger cars, vans, and station wagons shallnot be used for transporting more than 215 lb (98 kg) water (c) Vehicles carrying or containing LP-Gas shall be permitted to be capacity [nominal 90 lb (41 kg) LP-Gas capado] but not more than 108 lb parked in buildings complying with Chapter 7 of NFPA 58 and (49 kg) water capad 0 [nominal 45 lb (20 kg) LP-Gas capado] per located on premises owned or under the control of the operator of container, unless the driver's and engine compartments are separated frora the such vehicles, provided: cargo space by a vapor-tight partition that contains no means of access to the cargo space. (58:6-2.2.5) 42~, NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP 1. The public is excluded from such buildings. 31-1.1.3 The manufacture, transportation, or storage of fireworks shall comply with applicable sections of this Code and NFPA 1124, 2. There is adequate floor level ventilation in all parts of the Codefor the Manufacture, Transportation, and Storage of Fireworks. building where such vehicles are parked. 31-1.1.4 The manufacture of model rocket motors shall complywith 3. Leaks in the vehicle LP-Gas systems are repaired before the NFPA 1125, Codefor the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power vehicle is moved indoors. Rocket Motors. 4. Primary shutoffvalves on cargo tanks and other LP-Gas 51-1.1.5 This chapter shall not apply to the transportation, containers on the vehicle (except propulsion engine fuel contain- handling, or use of fireworks by the Armed Forces of the United ers) are closed and delivery hose outlets plugged or capped to States. (1123:1-1.4) contain system pressure before the vehicle is moved indoors. Primary shutoffvalves on LP-Gas propulsion engine fuel containers 31-1.1.6 This chapter shall not apply to the transportation, shall be closed while the vehicle is parked. handling, or use of industrial pyrotechnic devices or fireworks, such as railroad torpedoes, fusees, and automotive, aeronautical, and 5. No LP-Gas container is located near a source of heat or within marine flares and smoke signals. (1123:1-1.5) the direct path of hot air being blown from a blower-type heater. 31-1.2 Special Definitions. ft. LP-Gas containers are gauged or weighed to determine that they are not filled beyond the maximum filling limit according to Discharge Site. The area immediately surrounding the mortars Section 4-4 of NFPA 58. (58:6-0.2.2) used for an outdoor fireworks display. (1125:1-4) 30-6.2.2.3 Vehicles are permitted to be serviced or repaired indoors l~allout Area. The area over which aerial shells are fired. The shells as follows: burst over this area, and unsafe debris and malfunctioning aerial shells will fall into this area. The fallout area is the location where a (a) When it is necessary to take a vehicle into any building located typical aerial shell will fall to the grdund considering wind and the on premises owned and/or operated by the operator of such vehicle angle of mortar placement. (1123:1-4) for service on engine or chassis, the provisions of 30-fi.2.2.2(a) or (c) shall be followed. Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a visible or an audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or (b) When it is necessary to take a vehicle carrying or containing detonation and that meets the definition of "common" or "special" LP-Gas into any public garage or repair facility for service on the fireworks as set forth in the U.S. Deparunent of Transportation's engine or chassis, the provisions of 30-fi.2.2.2(a) or (b) shall be (DOT) Hazardous Materials Regulations, Title 49, Code of Federal followed, unless the driver or qualified representative of an LP-Gas Regulations, Parts 173.88 and 173.100. operator is in attendance at all times when the vehicle is inside. In that case, the following provisions shall be followed under the Exception No. i*" Toy pistols, toy canes, toy guns, or other devices in which supervision of such qualified persons: paper and/or plastic caps, manufactured in accordanco with DOT regulations, 49 C,FR 173.100 (p), and padwd and shipped according to said 1. Leaks in the vehicle LP-Gas systems shall be repaired before the regulations, are not considered to befirewoTks and shall be allowed to be used vehicle is moved inside. and sold at all times. 2. Primary shutoffvalves on cargo tanks, portable containers and F~ition No. 2: Model reclwts and model rocket motors designed, sold, and other LP-Gas containers installed on the vehicle (except propulsion n compliance with NFPA 1122. (SeeNFPA 1122. ) engine fuel containers) are closed. LP-Gas liquid shall be removed from the piping, pump, meter, delivery hose, and related equipment Exception No. 3: Propelling or expelling charges consisting of a mixture of and the pressure therein reduced to approximately atmospheric sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate are not considered as being designed before the vehicle is moved inside. Delivery hose or valve outlets for produeing audible effects. shall be plugged or capped before the vehicle is moved inside. "FiE~ption No. 4: Items described in Part E of the definition of Common 3. No container shall be located near a source of heat or within reworks in NFPA 1123. (1123:1-4) the direct path of hot air blown from a blower or from a blower-type heater. Monitor. Aperson designated by the sponsors of the display to keep the audience in the intended viewlng area and out of the 4. LP-Gas containers shall be gauged or weighed to determine discharge site and fallout area. (1125:1-4) that they are not filled beyond the maximum filling capacity according to 4-4.1 of NFPA 58. Mortar, A tube from which aerial shells are fired. (1123:1-4) (c) If repair work or servicing is to be performed on a cargo tank Operator. The person with overall responsibility for safety and the system, all LP-Gas shall be removed from the cargo tank and piping setting up an outdoor fireworks display. (1125:14) and the system thoroughly purged before the vehicle is moved inside. (58:6-6.2.3) Public Display, An outdoor display of aerial pyrotechnic shells [see Shell (Aerial)]and/or ground display pieces. (1123:1-4) 30-7 ].P-Gases at Utility Plants. The design, construction, location, installation, and operation of refrigerated and nonrefrigerated Safety Cap. A ppa er tube, closed, at one end, that. is placed over the liquefied petroleum gas systems at utility gas plants shall be in end of the fuse of a fireworks dewce to protect it from damage and accordance with NFPA 59, Standard for the Storage and Handling of accidental ignition. (1125:1-4) Liquefied Petroleum Gases at Utility Gas Plants. Shell (Aerial). Usually, a cylindrical or spherical cartridge contain- 30-8 Liquified Natural Gas (LNG). The desil~a , location, construc- ing pyrotechnic fiomposition, a long fuse or electric match wires, tion, and operation of LNG facilities shall be in accordance with and a black powder lift charge. The shells are most commonly 3 in. NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of (76 mm) to fi in. (152 mm) outside diameter and are fired from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG~ mortars. Upon firing, the fuse and lift charge are consumed. (1125:1-4) Chapter 31 l~reworks/Model Rocketry Shooter. (See Operator.) (1123:1-4) 31-1 General. $1-1.3 General Provisions. The operator has the primary responsi- bility for safety. While the operator is allowed to actively participate 31-1.1 Application. in the firing of the fireworks display, safety shall be his primary concern. (1123:4-1.3) 31-1.1.1 The construction, handling, and use of fireworks intended for outdoor display shall comply with the requirements of this 31-1.3.1 The operator is responsible for ensuring that a sufficient chapter and NFPA 1123, Codefor Fireworks Display. number of assistants are on hand for the safe conduct of the fireworks display. Only the operator and necessary assistants shall be 31-1.1.2 Model rocketry shall comply with NFPA 1122, Codefor Model permitted in the discharge area while the display is in progress. Rocketry. (1123:4-1.3.1) 424 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP 31-1.3.2 The operator is responsible for ensuring that all assistants No. 1: When there is doubt concerning the strength of racks are fully trained in the proper performance of their assigned tasks chain fused mortars, the separation distances of those racks shall be and that they are knowledgeable of safety hazards. (1123:4-1.3.2) twice those listed in Table 31-2.4.2for the largest mortar in the sequence. 31-2 Public Display of F'meworks. Exception No. 2: When the separation distance is two times that required in Table 31-2.4.2, buried mortars shall be separated by a minimum of one times 31-2.1 Construction of Shells. the internal diameter of the largest mortar in the sequence. (1123:2-3.3.6) 31-2.1.1 Shells shall be labeled with the type of shell, the shell size, 31-2.3.6 Mortars shall be of sufficient strength and durability to and the name of the manufacturer or distributor. Shells shall also safely fire the aerial shells to be used. (1123:2-3.6) carry a warning label. (1123:2-1.3) 31-2.3.6.1 Cast iron mortars shall not be used. (1123:2-3.6.1) 31-2.1.2 A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of the fuse. The safety cap shall be of a different color than that of the fuse. 31-2.3.6.2 Metal mortars shall be either seamed or seamless; The safety cap shall be installed in such a manner that the fuse is not however, seamed mortars must be placed such that the seam is damaged. facing either right or left as one faces the line of the mortars. (1123.'2-3.6.2) Exception: For eleatically fired displays there is no requireraent for safe~ caps except there shall be no exposed pyrotechnic compositlon, (1123.'2-1.6) $1-2.3.6.3 Mortars shall be of sufficient length to cause aerial shells to be propelled to safe heights. (1125:2-3.6.3) 31-2.1.3 Single break salute shells shall not exceed 3 in. (76 ram) in length (exclusive of the propellant charge). The maximum quantity 31-2.4 Site Selection. of salute powder in such salutes shall not exceed 2.5 oz (142 g). (1123:2-1.7) 31-2.4.1 The areas selected for the discharge site, spectator viewing area, parking areas, and the fallout area shall be inspected and 31-2.1.3.1 For single break shells larger than 3 in. (76 ram) in approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. (11 25:3-1.2) diameter containing multiple internal salutes and for multibreak shells greater than 3 in. (76 nun) in diameter, the maximum 31-2.4.2 The site for the outdoor display shall have at least a 70 ft quantity of salute powder per shell shall not exceed 5 oz (142 g). (22 m) radius per inch of internal mortar area of the largest aerial (1123:2-1.7.1 ) shell to be fired, except as noted in Table 31-2.4.2. No spectators, dwellings, or spectator parking areas shall be located within the 31-2.2 Storage of Shells Not in Mortars. display site, (1123:3-1.3) 31-2.2.1 All fireworks shall be stored and transported according to the requirements of NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Tramporta- Table 31-2.4.2 Minimum Radius of Display Site for Outdoor tion, and Storage of Fireworks, prior to reaching the display site. Display of Fireworks (1123:2-2.1) 31-2.2.2 During performance of an outdoor fireworks display, ready boxes shall be located at a distance of not less than 25 ft (7.7 m) Minimum Radius of Display Site for upwind from the mortar placements, ff the wind should shift during Shell Size Outdoor Display of Fireworks a display, the ready boxes shall be located so as to again be upwind from the discharge site. < 3in. (76mm) 140ft (43m) 3 in. (76 ram) 210 ft (64 m) Exception No. I: Where acceptable to the authod 0 having jurisdiction, 4 in. (102 ram) 280 ft (85 m) alternate measures shall be taken. 5 in. (127 ram) 350 ft (107 m) 6 in. (152 ram) 420 ft (128 m) Exception No. 2: Where there are no shells needing storage during a display, 7 in. (178 ram) 490 ft (149 m) such as for an electrically ignited display, there is no need for ready boxes. (1123:2-2.5) 8 in. (203 ram) 560 ft (170 m) 10 in. (254 ram) 700 ft (214 m) 31-2.3 Installation of Mortars. 12 in. (305 ram) 840 fi (256 m) > 12 in. (305 ram) Approval of authority 31-2.3.1 Mortars shall be positioned so that shells are propelled having jurisdiction away from spectators and over a fallout area. Under no circum- stances shallmortars be angled toward the spectator viewing area. ForSl Units: 1 in. = 254 mm (1123:2-3.2) 31-2.3.2 Mortars shall be buried to a depth of at least 2/3 to 3/4 of their length, either in the ground or in aboveground troughs or 31-2.4.3 Distances from health care and detention and correctional drums. facilities shall be at least twice the distance specified in Table 31- 2.4.2. S--r, po aon mor r r ks edfor ring of k shells not exceeding 6 in. (152 mm) in d/ameter. (1123:2-3.3 ) ~. i~,tion: With the approval of the health care or detention and correctional this requirement shall be waived. (1123"3-1.3.1) 31-2.3.3 Mortars that are buried in the ground, in troughs, or in drums shall be separated from adjacent mortars by a distance at least 31-2.4.4 Distances from bulk storage areas of materials that have a equal to the diameter of the mortar. Mortars in troughs or drums flammability, explosive, or toxic hazard shall be twice that required shall be positioned to afford the maximum protection to the by Table 31-2.4.2. shooter. NOTE: To determine whether materials are considered to Exception: This requirement shall not app~ when electrical firing is used, possess these hazards, see NFPA 325M, FireHazard Properties of (1123:2-3.3.4) Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Flammable Solids, and NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data. (1123:3-1.3.2) 31-2.3.4 If troughs or drums are used, they shall be filled with sand or soft dirt; in no case shall stones or other possible debris be 31-2.5 Discharge Site. present. (1123:2-3.3.5) 31-2.5.1 The area selected for the discharge of aerial shells shall be 31-2.3.5 Whenever more than three shells are to be chain fused, so located so that the trajectory of the shells shall not come within 25 such as for sequential firing, additional measures are required to ft (7.7 m) of any overhead object. (1123:3-2.1) prevent adjacent mortars from being repositioned in the event that a shell detonates in a mortar, causing it to burst. For buried mortars, 31-2.5.2 Ground display pieces shall be located at a minimum this shall be accomplished by placing the mortars with a minimum distance of 75 ft (25 m) from spectator viewing areas and parking separation of four times their diameter. For mortars in racks, this areas. shall be accomplished by using mortar racks that have sufficient strength to successfullywithstand such a failure. 425 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP Exception: For ground pieces with greater hazard potential (such as large Chapter 32 Heating Appliances wheels with powerful drivers, roman candle batteries, and items employing large salutes) the minimum separation distance shall be increased to 125fl 32-1 "General. (38.5 m). (1123:3-2.2) 32-1,1 The installation of fuel-fired heating appliances shall comply 31-2.5.3 When the mortars are positioned vertically, the mortars with this chapter and NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation ofOil- shall be placed at the approximate center of the display site. (1123:3- Burning Equipment. 2.3) 32-1.2 This chapter does not apply to internal combustion engines, 31-2.5.3.1 When aerial shells are to be stored at the discharge site oil lamps, and portable devices such as blow torches, melting pots, for subsequent loading into the mortars during the display, mortars and weed burners. (31:1-1.2) shall be placed at least 1/6, but not more than 1/3 the distance from the center of the display site toward the main spectator area. The 32-1.3 All oil-burning equipment shall be of the approved type. mortars shall be angled such that any dud shells will fall at a point approximately equal to the offset of the mortars from the center of 32-1.4 Permit required. (See Section 1-15.) the display site but in the opposite direction. (1.123:3-2.3.1) 32-1.5 Electrical wiring and equipment used in connection with oil 31-2.5.4 Fireworks shall not be discharged within 100 ft (31 m) of burning equipment shall be installed and maintained as specified in any tent or canvas shelter. (1123:3-2.4) NFPA 70, NationaIElectrical Code. (31:1-9.1) 31-2.6 Fallout. The fallout area shall be a large open area. (1123:3- 52-1.6 The grade of fuel oil used in a burner shall be th.at for which 3.1) the burner is approved as stipulated by the manufacturer. Crankcase oil or any oil containing gasoline shall not be used. 31-2.7 Operation of the Display. Exception: Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, oil-burnlng 31-2.7.1 The sponsor of the display shall provide adequate fire equipment designed to burn crankcase oil may be used in coramerdal or protection for the display. (1123:4-1.1) industrial occupancies. Such oil-burning equipment shall be listed for use with crankcase oils and shall be installed in accordance with the 31-2.7.2 Monitors whose sole duty shall be the enforcement of manufacturer's instructions and the terms of their listing. ($1:1-10.1) crowd control shall be located around the display area by the sponsor. The authority having jurisdiction shall approve the 32-2 Kerosene Burners and Oil Stoves. provisions for crowd control. (1123:4-1.2) 32-2.1 Kerosene and oil stoves shall be equipped with a primary 31-2.7.3 Monitors shall be located around the discharge site to safety control furnished as an integral part of the appliance by the prevent spectators or any other unauthorized persons from entering manufacturer to stop the flow of oll "n the event of flame failure. the discharge site. The discharge site shall be so restricted through- Barometric oil feed shall not be considered a primary safety control. out the display and until the discharge site has been inspected after the display. Where practical, fences and rope barriers shall be used 32-2.2 A conversion range oil burner shall be equipped with a to aid in crowd control. (1123:4-1.2.1) thermal (heat actuated) valve in the oil supply line, located in the burner compartment of the stove. 31-2.7.4 During the period before the display, when pyrotechnic materials are present, unescorted public access to the site shall not 32-2.$ Only listed kerosene heaters shall be used. The following be allowed. (1123:4-1.2.2) safeguards shall appl~ 31-2.7.5 ff,'in the opinion of the authority havingjurisdiction or the (a) Provide adequate ventilation. operator, any adverse condition exists that significantly affects safety, the fireworks display shall be postponed until the condition is (b) Do not place on carpeting. corrected. (1123:4-1.4.1) (c) Keep 3 ft (0.9 m) away from combustible furnishings or drapes. 31-2.7.6 Operators and assistants shall use only flashlights or electric (d) Use only approved Type 1-Kwater dear kerosene. lighting for artificial illumination. (1123:4-1.5) (e) Allow to cool before refueling. 31-2.7.7 No smoking shall be allowed within 50 ft (15.2 m) of any area where fireworks or other pyrotechnic materials are present. 32-3 Portable Electric Heater. (1123:4-1.6) 32-3.1 Where allowed by this section portable heaters shall be 31-2.8 F'tring of Shells. designed and located so that they cannot be easily overturned. The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to prohibit use of 31-2.8.1 Shells shall be ignited by lightingthe tip of the fuse with a portable heaters in occupancies or situations where such use or fusee, torch, porffire, or similar device. The operator shall never operation would present an undue danger to life or property. lace any part of his body over the mortar at any time. As soon as the se is igmted, the operator shall retreat from the mortar area. 32-3.2 All portable electric heaters shall be equipped to deenergize electric power to the unit when tilted or turned over. Exception: Alternatlve~, electrical ignition is used. (1125:4-2.6) 32-4 Vents. All chimneys, smokestacks, or similar devicesfor 31-2.8.2 The display shall be interrupted and the mortars shall be conveying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves, re-angled or repositioned as necessary for safety any time during an furnaces, incinerators, boilers, or any other heat producing devices outdoor fireworks display. (1123:4-2.7.1) or appliances shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 54, NationalFuel Gas Code, and NFPA 211, Standard for 31-2.9 Operator Qualifications. Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances. 31-2.9.1 All operators shall be at least 21 years old and licensed or approved by the authority havingjurisdiction in accordance with any Chapter 33 SprayApplicafion UsinK Flammable And Combustible and all applicable laws. (1123:5-L1) Materials 31-2.9.2 Assistants shall be at least 18 years of age. (1123:5-2) 33-1 General. 31-2.10 Permits. 35-1.1 Application. 31-2.10.1 See Section 1-15 for permits required. 33-1.1.1" Operations involving the spray application of flammable and combustible materials shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 31-2.10.2 Certificates of fitness required. (S~soction 1-16.) 33, Standard for Spray Application Using b'lammable or Combustible 31-3 Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience. Materials. 31-3.1 Use of fireworks before a proximate audience shall comply 53-1.1.2 This chapter shall apply to locations or areas where with NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate flammable or combustible materials are applied by means of spray A udienc~ apparatus. This chapter outlines requirements to obtain reasonable 426 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP safety when applying flammable and combustible finishes through 33-3.2 Spray booths shall be separated from other., operations by a the use of spray application methods and devices. minimum distance of 3 ft (915 mm) or by a partltaon, wall, or foor/ ceiling assembly having a minimum fire resistance rating of 1 hour. 33-1.1.3 Permit required. (See Section 1-15.) Multiple connected spray booths shall not be considered as "other operations." 33-1.2 Special Definitions. (33:1-2) Exception: As provided for in Section I1-3 of NFPA 33. (33:3-3) Spray Area.* Any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable or combustible vapors, mists, residues, dusts, or deposits are present 35-3.3 Panels for light fixtures or for observation shall be of heat- due to the operation of spray processes. treated glass, wired glass, or hammered-wired glass and shall be sealed to confine vapors, mists, residues, dusts, and deposits to the The spray area includes: spray area. Panels for light fixtures shall be separated from the fixture to prevent the surface temperature of the panel from (a) The interior of any spray booth or spray room, except as exceeding 200°F (93°C). (33:3-5) specifically provided for in Section 11-4 of NFPA 33; and 33-3.4 Spray areas that are equipped with ventilation distribution or (b) The interior of any exhaust plenum and any exhaust duct baffle plates or with dry overspray collection filters shall meet the leading from the spray process; and requirements of 33-3.4.1 through 33-3.4.5. (33:3-6) (c) Any area in the direct path of a spray application process. 33-3.4.1 Distribution plates or baffles shall be constructed of (33:1-6) noncombustible materials and shall be readily removable or accessible for cleaning on both sides. (33:3-6.1) Spray Booth. A power-ventilated structure that encloses a spray application operation or process, and confines and limits the escape 33-3.4.2 Filters shall not be used when applying materials known to of the material being sprayed, including vapors, mists, dusts, and be highly susceptible to spontaneous heatang or spontaneous residues that are produced by the spraying operation and conducts ignition. (33:3-6.2) or directs these materials to an exhaust system. Spray booths are manufactured in a variety of forms, including automotive refinish- 33-3.4.3 Supporks and holders for filters shall be constructed of ing, downdraft, open-face, traveling, tunnel, and updraft booths. noncombustible materials. (33:3-6.3) This definition is not intended to limit the term "spray booth" to any particular design. The entire spray booth is considered part of the 33-3,4.40verspray collection filters shall be readily removable or spray area. Aspray booth is not a spray room. (33:1-6) accessible for cleaning or replacement. (33:3-6.4) Spray Room. A power-ventilated, fully-enclosed room used 33-3.4.5 Filters shall not be alternately used for different types of exclusively for open spraying of flammable or combustible materials. coating materials if the combination of the materials might result in The entire spray room is considered part of the spray area. A spray spontaneous heating or ignition. (See also Section 8-8 of NFPA 33.) booth is not a spray room. (33:1-6) (33:3-6.5) 33-2 Location of Spray Application Operations. 334 Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition. 33-2.1 Spray application operations and processes shall be confined 33-4.1 General. Electrical wiring and utilization equipment shall to spray booths, spray rooms, or spray areas, as defined in this Code. meet all the applicable requirements of Articles 500, 501,502, and (33:2-1) 516 of NFPA 70, NationalElectrical Code, and this chapter. 33-2.2 Locations in Other Occupancies. Spray application No. 1: Poweredvehicles shall meet the requirements of Section 3-4 operations and processes shall not be conducted in any building that 33. is classified as an assembly, educational, institutional, or residential EoffCN•wAn occupancy, unless they are located in a room that is separated both Exception No. 2: Resin application operations shall meet the requirements of vertically and horizontally from all surrounding areas by construc- Chapter 15 ofNFPA 33. (33:4-1.1) tion having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours and that is protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system designed 334.1.1 Electrostatic spray application apparatus also shall meet the and installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation requirements of Chapter 9 or Chapter 100f NFPA 33, whichever is of Sprinkler Systems. (33:2-2) applicable. (33:4-1.1) 33-3 Spray Area. 33-4.1.2 Drying, curing, and fusing apparatus also shall meet the requirements of Chapter 11 of NFPA 33. (33:4-1.2) 33-3.1 Walls and ceilings that intersect or enclose a spray area shall be constructed of noncombustible or limited-combustible materials 33-4.1.3 Automobile undercoating operations also shall meet the or assemblies and shall be securely and rigidly mounted or fastened. requirements of Chapter 12 of NFPA 33. (33:4-1.3) Tile interior surfaces 0fthe spray area shall be smooth, designed and installed to prevent pockets that can trap residues, and designed to 33-4.1.4 Powder coating apparatus also shall meet the requirements facilitate ventilation and cleaning. of Chapter 13 of NFPA 33. (33:4-1.4) Air intake filters that are a part of a wall or ceiling assembly shall be 33-4.1.5 Open flames, spark-producing equipment or processes, and listed as Class 1 or Class 2, in accordance with UL 900, TestPerfor- equipment whose exposed surfaces exceed the autoignition rnance ofAir Filter Units. temperature of the material being sprayed shall not be located in the spray area or in surrounding areas classified as Division 2. The floor of the spray area shall be constructed of noncombustible material, limited-combustible material, or combustible material that Exception: This requirement shall not app~ to dryin~ cmin~ orfusing is completely covered by noncombustible material. apparatus as covered by Chapter 11 of NFPA 33. (33:4-1.5) Aluminum shall not be used. (33:3-1) 33-4.1.6 Any utilization i~quipment or apparatus that is capable of producing sparks or particles of hot metal and is located above or 33-3.1.1 If walls or ceiling assemblies are constructed of sheet metal, adjacent to either the spray area or the surrounding Division 2 areas single-skin assemblies shall be no thinner than 0.0478 in. (1.2 mm) shall be of the totally enclosed type or shall be constructed to and each sheet of double-skin assemblies shall be no thinner than prevent the escape of sparks or particles of hot metal. (33:4-1.6) 0.0359 in. (0.9 mm). (33:3-1.1) 334.2 Electrical Devices in SprayAreas. 33-3.1.2 Structural sections of spray booths shall be permitted to be sealed with latex-based or similar caulks and sealants to minimize air 33-4.2.1 Electrical wiring and utilization equipment that is located leakage. (33:3-1.2) in the spray area and is not subject to deposits of combustible residues shall be suitable for Class I, Division 1 or Class II, Division 1 33-3.1.3 Spray rooms shall be constructed of and separated from locations, whichever is applicable. (See NFPA 70, National Electrical surrounding areas of the building by construction assemblies that Code.) (33:4-2.1) have a fire resistance rating of 1 hour. (33:3-1.3) 427 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP 33-4.2.2 Electrical wiring and utilization equipment that is located Section 3-5 of NFPA 33 shall be suitable for use in ordinary hazard in the spray area and is subject to deposits of combustible residues (general purpose) locations. (See Figure 4-4.1 of NFPA 33.) Such shall be listed for such exposure and shall be suitable for Class I, fixtures shall be serviced from outside the spray area. (33:4-4.1) Division 1 or Class II, Division 1 locations, whichever is applicable. ( See NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.) (33:4-2.2) 33-4.4.2 Light fLxtures that are attached to the walls or ceilings of a spray area; are located within the Class I, Division 2 or Class II, 33-4.3 Electrical Devices Adjacent to Spray Areas. Electrical wiring Division 2 location; and are separated from the spray area by glass and utilization equipment located adjacent to the spray area shall be panels that meet the requirements of Section 3-5 of NFPA 33 shall classified in accordance with 33-4.3.1 through 33-4.3.5. (33:4-3) be suitable for use in that location. Such fixtures shall be serviced from outside the spray area. (SeeFigure 4-4.1 of NFPA 33.) (33:4-4.2) 33-4.3.1 Electrical wiring and utilization equipment located outside, but within 20 ft (6100 mm) horizontally and 10 ft (3050 mm) 33-4.4.3 Light fixtures that are an integral part of the walls or ceiling vertically, of an unenclosed spray area and not separated from the of a spray area shall be permitted to be separated from the spray spray area by partitions extending to the boundaries of the area area by glass panels that are an integral part of the fixture. Such designated as Division 2 in Figure 4-3.1 of NFPA 33 shall be suitable fLxtures shall be listed for use in Class I, Division 2 or Class II, for Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations, whichever is Division 2 locations, whichever is applicable, and also shall be applicable. (33:4-3.1) suitable for accumulations of deposits of combustible residues. Such fixtures shall be permitted to be serviced from inside the spray arem 33-4.3.2 ffspray application operations are conducted within a (See Figure 4-4.3 of NFPA 33.) (35:4-4.3) closed-top, open-face or open-front booth or room, any electrical Wiring or utilization equipment located outside of the booth or 33-4.4.4 Light fixtures that are located inside the spray area shall room but within the boundaries designated as Division 2 in Figures meet the requirements of Sections 4-2 and 4-5 of NFPA 33. (33:4-4.4) 4-3.2(a) and 4-3.2(b) of NFPA 33 shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations, whichever is applicable. 33-4.5 Static Electricity. In order to prevent sparks from the accumulation of static electricity, all persons, all electrically- The Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations shown in conductive parts of the spray room or spray booth, the exhaust Figures 4-3.2(a) and 4-3.2(b) of NFPA 33 shall extend from the ducts, spray equipment, objects or containers that receive the spray edges of the open face or open front of the booth or room in stream, and piping systems that convey flammable or combustible accordance with the following: liquids or aerated combustible solids shall be electrically bonded and grounded. (NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static ElectridO, (a) ff the exhaust ventilation system is interlocked with the spray contains information about grounding for static electric charge.) application equipment, then the Division 2 location shall extend 5 ft (33:4-5) (1525 mm) horizontally and 3 ft(915 mm) vertically from the open face or open front of the booth or room, as shown in Figure 4.3.2(a) 33-4.6 Flexible Power Cords. For automated equipment and of NFPA 33. robotic equipment, flexiblepower cords shall be permitted to be used in hazardous (classified) locations and shall be permitted to be (b) If the exhaust ventilation system is not interlocked with the connected to the fixed part of the electrical circuit, provided they spray application equipment, then the Division 2 location shall meet all of the following conditions: extend 10 ft (3050 mm) horizontally and 3 ft (915 mm) vertically from the open face or open front of the booth or room, as shown in (a) They are approved for extra-hard usage; Figure 4.3.2(b) of NFPA 33. (b) They are equipped with a grounding conductor that meets the For the purposes of this subsection, "interlocked" shall mean that requirements of Secu'on 400-2 of NFPA 70, NationalElectrical Codg the spray application equipment cannot be operated unless the exhaust ventilation system is operating and functioning properly and (c) They are connected to terminals or conductors in an approved spray application is automatically stopped if the exhaust ventilation manner; system fails. (33:4-3.2) (d) They are supported by a positive mechanical clamp in such a 33-4.3.3 If spray application operations are conducted within an manner that permits the cord to be readily replaced andprevents open-top booth, any electrical wiring or utilization equipment strain at the cord connections within the terminal enclosure; located within the space 3 ft (915 mm) vertically of the top of the booth shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 (e) They are provided with explosion proof seals where the cord locations, whichever is applicable. In addition, any electrical wiring enters junction boxes, fittings, or enclosures; or utilization equipment located within 3 ft (915 mm) in all directions of openings other than the open top also shall be suitable (f) They are listed for deposits of combustible residues. (33:4-6) for Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations, whichever is applicable. (33:4.3.3) 33-4.7 Portable Electric Lights. Portable electric light fixtures shall not be used in any spray area while spray application operations are 33-4.3.4 If spray application operations are confined to an enclosed being conducted. spray booth or room, any electrical wiring or utilization equipment located within 3 ft (915 ram) of any opening shall be suitable for Exception: VC'hereportable electric light fixtures are required for use in spaces Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations, whichever is that are not readily illuminated by fixed llghtfixtures within the spray area, applicable. (&eFigure 4-3.4 of NFPA 33.) ($3:4-3.4) they shall meet the requirements of 33-4.Z2. (33:4-7) 33-4.3.5 Where spray application equipment and supply containers 33-5 Ventilation. are located in an adequately ventilated area that is adjacent to the spray area, but outside of the storage room or mixing room, the area 33-5.1 General. Ventilating and exhaust systems shall be designed within 3 ft (915 ram) in all directions from any open container or and installed in accordance with the applicable requirements of equipment and extending to the floor or grade level shall be NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Materials, class[tied as Class I, Division 1 or Class II, Division 1, whichever is except as amended by the requirements of chapter 5of NFPA 33. applicable. The area extending 2 ft (610 ram) beyond the Division 1 (33:5-1) location shall be classified as Class I, Division 2 or Class 1I, Division 2, whichever is applicable. In addition, the area within 10 ft (3050 mm) 33-5.2 Each spray area shall he provided with mechanical ventilation horizontally of the perimeter of such open container or equipment, that is capable of confining and removing vapors and mists to a safe up to a height of 18 in. (458 ram) above the floor or grade level shall location and is capable of confining and controlling combustible be classified as Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2, whichever is residues, dusts, and deposits. The concentration of the vapors and applicable. Electrical wiring and utilization equipment installed in mists in the exhaust stream of the ventilation system shall not exceed these areas shall be suitable for the location. (S~Figure 4-3.5 of NFPA 25 percent of the lower flammable limit. 33for an example.) (33:4-3.5) Exception: In confined spaces, where ventilation might not be capable of 33-4.4 Light Fixtures. providing the.necessa~ ventilation, a p roper~ a,,pplied inerting ~. ocedure shall be perm~tted to be used. Such procedures shall meet the applicable 33-4.4.1 Li~ght fixtures that are attached to the walls or ceilings of a " requirements of NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, and spray area, out are outside of any classified area and are separated shall be acceptable to the authority havingjurisdictior~ (33:5-2) from the spray area by glass panels that meet the requirements of 428 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP 33-5.2.1 Spray areas equipped with overspray collection filters shall 33-6.2.2 The quantity of liquid located in the vicinity of spraying have visible gauges, audible alarms, or an effective inspection operations, but outside of a storage cabinet, an inside storage room, program to ensure that the required air velocity is being maintained. a cut-off room or attached building, or other specific process area (33:5-2.1) that is cut off by at least a 2-hour fire-rated separation from the spraying operations, shall not exceed the quantity given in either (a) 33-5.2.2 Powder coating systems also shall meet the requirements of or (b), whichever is greater: Section 13-6 of NFPA 33. (33:5-2.2) (a) A supply for one day, or 33-5.2.3 Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in operation at all times while spray operations are being conducted and for a (b) 25 gal (95 L) of Class IA liquids in containers, plus sufficient time thereafter to allow the vapors from drying coated objects or material and residues to be exhausted. Where spray 120 gal (454 L) of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in containers, plus operations are conducted automatically without an attendant constantly on duty, the operating controls of the spray apparatus Two portable tanks each not exceeding 660 gal (2498 L) of Class shall be arranged so that the spray apparatus cannot function unless IB, IC, Class II, or Class IIIA liquids, plus the exhaust fans are operating. (33:5-2.3) Twenty portable tanks each not exceeding 660 gal (2498 L) of Class 33-5.3 Individual spray booths shall be separately ducted to the . IIIB liquids. (33:6-2.2) building exterior. 33-6.3 Mixing. Exception No. 1: M~ltiple c_a~inetspray booths whose combined frontal area does not exceed 18 J~ (1.7 m ) shall be permitted to be manifoldea~ if the 33-6.3~1 The withdrawal of flammable or combustible liquids from sprayed materials used are not likely to react and cause ignition of the residue containers and the filling of containers, including portable mixing in the ducts. tanks, shall be done only in a mixin~ room or in a spray area. The amount of liquid that shall be perrmtted to be mixed or located in a Exception No. 2*" Where treatment of exhaust is necessary for air pollution spray area shall not exceed 60 gal (227 L). The ventilation system control orfor energy conservation, ducts shall be permitted to be manifolded if shall be in operation and precautions shall be taken to protect all of the following conditions are met: against spills of liquid and sources of ignition. (See maximum volume of liquid allowed in Figure 6-3.2 of NFPA 33.) (33:6-3.1) (a) The sprayed materials used shall be unlikeO to react and cause ignition of the residue in the ducts. 33-6.3.2 Mixing rooms shall be permitted to be located adjacentoto the spray ea, provided quantities of liquid e less an 2 gal/ft ~ (b) No nitrocellulose-based finishing material shall be used. (81.5 L/~na~), the floor area is less than 150 ffa~ (14 mt~), and the installation meets the requirements of 35-6.3.2.1 through 35-6.3.2.6. (c) An air-cleaning system shall be provided to reduce the amount of ( See Figure 6-3.2 for an example of this arrangement.) (33:6-3.2) overs'Fray carried into the duct manifoldL (,4 booth filter system shall be considered adequate.) 33-6.3.2.1 Where the combined quantities of liquids located in a spray area and in the mixing room do not exceed 60 gal (227 L), (d) Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided at thejunction of each then the mixing room shall be permitted to be located less than 6 ft booth exhaust with the manifold, in addition to the protection required by. (1830 ram) from the spray area or shall be permitted to be an Chapter 7 of NFPA 33. integral part of the spray booth or spray room. [ See Figures 6-3.2.1(a), 6-3.2.1(b), and 6-3.2.1(c) of NFPA 33 for examples.] (33:6-3.2.1) (e) The installation shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (33:5-6) 33-6.3.2.2 Construction shall meet the requirements of Section 33- 3.1, 35-3.1.1, and 33-3.1.2. (33:6-3.2.2) 33-5.4 Air exhausted from spray operations shall be conducted by ducts directly to the outside of the building. Exhaust ducts shall 33-6.3.2.3 The room shall be designed to contain a liquid spill. follow the most direct route to the point of discharge, but shall not (33:6-3.2.3) penetrate a fire wall. The exhaust disctaarge shall be directed away from any fresh air intakes. The exhaust duct discharge point shall he 33-6.3.2.4 The room shall be provided with continuous me~har~cal at least 6 ft (1830 mm) from any exterior wall or roof. The exhaust ventilation with a capacity of not less t/pan 1 cfrn/ft" (0.3 mO/m ") duct shall not discharge in the direction of any combustible with a minimum rate of 150 cfm (4 m°/min). (33:6-3.2.4) construction that is within 25 ft (7625 mm) of the exhaust duct discharge point nor shall it discharge in the direction of any 33-6.3.2.5 An approved automatic fire extinguishing system that unprotected opening in any noncombustible or limited-combustible meets the requirements of Chapter 7 of NFPA 33 shall be provided. construction that is within 25 ft (7625 mm) of the exhaust duct (33:6-3.2.5) discharge point. (33:5-4) 33-6.3.2.6 An adequate number of suitable fire extinguishers shall 33-5.5 Exhaust ducts shall be permitted to be round, rectangular, or be provided and shall be located immediately adjacent to the mixing any other suitable shape. They shall be provided with doors, panels, room. (See NFPA 10, Standard f°r P°rtable Fire Extinguishers" ) (33:6- or other means to facilitate inspection, maintenance, cleaning, and 3.2.6) access to fire protection devices. (33:5-9) 33-6.4 Distribution Systems-General. 33-5.6 Belts shall not enter any spray area unless the belt and pulley within the spray area is completely enclosed. (33:5-10.3) 33-6.4.1 Closed containers, approved portable tanks, approved safety cans, or a properly arranged system of piping shall be used for 33-6 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Storage, Handling, and transpprdng liquids. Open containers shall not be used for Distribution. transportation or storage. (33:6-5.1) 33-6.1 Storage, handling, and mixing of flammable and combustible 33-6.4.2 Wherever liquids are transferred from one container to liquids shall meet all the applicable requirements of NFPA 30, another, both containers shall be effectively bonded and grounded Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Storage, handling, and to dissipate static electricity. (NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static mixing of flammable and combustible liquids at process areas shall E/ectr/ctty, provides information on static protection.) (33:6-5.2) also meet the requirements of this section. (33:6-1) 33-6.4.3 Containers that supply spray nozzles shall be of the closed 33-6.2 Storage. type or shall be provided with metal covers that are kept closed. Containers that do not rest on the floor shall have properly designed 35-6.2.1 There shall be not more than three approved flammable supports or shall be suspended by wire cables. Containers that supply liquid storage cabinets in any single process area without the spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10-gal (38-L) capacity. approval of the authority having jurisdiction. Storage cabinets shall (33:6-5.3) be listed or shall be designed and constructed to meet the require- ments of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Any single 33-7 Fire Protection Equipment Required. cabinet shall contain not more than 120 gal (454 L) of Class I, Class If, or Class IIIA liquids, of which not more than 60 gal (227 L) shall 33-7.1 Spray areas and mixing rooms shall be protected with an be Class I and Class II liquids. (33:6-2.1) approvea automatic fire extinguishing system. (33:7-1) 429 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP 33-7.2 The automatic sprinkler system in spray areas and mixing 33-8.4 Approved metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags rooms shall meet all applicable requirements of NFPA 13, Standard or waste are impregnated with sprayed material and all such rags or for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, for Extra Hazard (Group 2) waste deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste occupancies. cans shall be disposed of properly at least once daily at the end of each shift. (33:8-5) Exception: As provided for in Section 15-3 of NFPA 33. (33:7-2.1) 33-8.5 Employees' clothing contaminated with sprayed material 33-7.3 Water supply for sprinklers shall be sufficient to supply all shall not be left on the premises overnight unless kept in metal rinlders likely to open in any one fire incident without depleting lockers. (33:8-6) ~ e available water for use in hose streams. Where sprinklers are installed to protect spray areas and mixing rooms only, water shall be 33-8.6 Cleaning Solvents. permitted to be furnished from the domestic supply, subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction and provided the 33-8.6.1 Solvents for cleaning operations shall have flash points domestic supply can meet the design criteria for Extra Hazard above 100°F (37.8°C). (33:8-7.1) (Group 2) occupancies, as defined in NFPA 13, Standard for Sprinkler Systems. (33:7-2.3) Exception: For cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment, solvents havlng flash points not less than those normally used in spray operations 33-7.4 Sprinklers protecting spray areas and mixing rooms shall be shall bepermitted to be used. protected against overspray residue so that they wii/operate quickly in event of fire. If covered, polyethylene or cellophane bags havinga 33-8.6.2 Cleaning operations using flammable or combustible thickness of 0.003 in. (0.070 ram) or less, or thin paper bags shallbe solvents shall be conducted inside spray areas with ventilating used. Coverings shall be replaced frequently so that heavy deposits of equipment operating or in other adequately ventilated locations that residue do not accumulate. Sprinklers that have been painted or meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of NFPA 33. (33:8-7.2) coated, except by the sprinkler manufacturer, shall be replaced with new listed sprinklers having the.same characteristics. (35:7-2.5) 33-8.7 "NO SMOKING OR OPEN FLAMES" signs in large letters on contrasting color background shall be conspicuously posted at all 33-7.5 Where automatic sprinkler protection is not available or spray areas and paint storage rooms. (33:8-10) where another type of extinguishing means is better suited to provide the required protection for the spray application operation, 33-8.8 Welding, cutting, and similar spark-producing operations spray areas and mixing rooms shall be permitted to be protected shall not be permitted in or adjacent to spray areas until a written with a dry chemical extinguishingsystem installed in accordance permit authorizing such work has been issued. The permit shall be witia the requirements of NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical issued by a person in authority following his or her inspection of the Extinguishing S~sterns;, a carbon dioxide system installed in accordance area to ensure that proper precautions have been taken and will be with the requirements of NFPA 12, Standard on CarbonDioxide followed until the job is completed. (SeeNFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Extinguishing Systemr,, or a gaseous agent extinguishing system Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes.) (33:8-11) installed in accordance with NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean AgentFire Extinguishing S'ystems. (33:7-3.1) 33-9 Training. All personnel involved in the spray application processes covered by this standard shall be instructed m the 33-7.0 An adequate supply of approved portable fire extinguishers potential safety and health hazards; the operational, maintenance, shall be installed near allspray areas and mixing rooms. (SeeNFPA and emergency procedures required; and the importance of 10, Standard for PortableFire Extinguisherx ) (33:75t) constant operator awareness. (33:16-1) 33-7.7 Automated powder application equipment shall be protected 33-9.1 Personnel required to handle or use flammable or combus- further by the installation of an approved, supervised flame tible materials shall be instructed in the safe handling, storage, and detection apparatus that shall, in event of ignition, react to the use of the materials, as well as the emergency procedures that might presence of flame within one-half (0.5) second and shall accomplish be required. (33:16-1.1) all of the following: 33-9.2 All personnel reqtiired to enter or to work within confined or (a) Shut down all energy supplies (electrical and compressed air) enclosed spaces shall be instructed as to the nature of the hazard to conveyor, ventilation, application, transfer, and powder collection involved, the necessary precautions to be taken, and in the use of equipment; protective and emergency equipment required. (33:16-1.2) (b) Close segregation dampers in associated ductwork to interrupt 33-9.3 Allpersonnel shall be instructed in the proper use, mainte- airflows from application equipment to powder collectors; nance, and storage of all emergency, safety, or personal protective equipment that they might be required to use in their normal work (c) Activate an alarm. (33:7-5) performance. (33:16-1.3) 33-8 Operations and Maintenance. 33-9.4 Some appropriate form of documentation shall be employed to record the type and date of training provided to each indivi'dual 33-8.1 Spray application operations shall not he conducted outside involved in these processes. (33:10-1.4) ofpredetermined spray areas, and all requirements of this Code and NFPA 33 that apply to spray areas shall be followed strictly. (33:8-1.1) Chapter 34 Welding, Cutting, and Use of Torches 33-8.2 All spray areas shall he kept free of the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues. Combustible coverings (thin 34-1 General. paper, plastic, etc~) and strippable coatings shall be permitted to be used to facilitate cleaningoperations in spray areas. If residue 34-1.1 Welding, cutting, and use of torches shall comply with this accumulates to excess inbooths, duct or duct discharge points, or chapter and NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting other spray areas, then all spraying operations shall be discontinued and Welding Processes. until conditions are corrected. (33:8-2) 34-1.2 Acetylene cylinder charging plants shall complywith NFPA 33-8.3 Maintenance Procedures. 51A, Standard for Ace~lene Cflinder ChargingPlants. 33-8.3.1 Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that 34-2 lrlre Prevention Precautions. overspray collector filters are replaced before excessive restriction to airflow occurs. Overspray collectors shall be inspected after each 34-2.1 Permissible Areas. Cutting or welding shall be permitted period of use, and clogged filters shall be discarded and replaced. only in areas that are or have been made fire safe (see Section 3-2 of (33:8-4.1) NFPA 51B). Within the confines of an operating plant or building, the cutting and welding work area shallbe either (1) a specific area 33-8.3.2 All discarded overspray collector f'dters, residue scrapings, designed or approved for such work, such as a maintenance shop or and debris contaminated with residue shall be removed immediately a detached outside location that shall be of noncombustlble or fire- to a safe, well-detached location or placed in a water-filled metal resistive construction, essentially free of combustible and flammable container and disposed of at the close of the day's operation unless contents, and suitably segregated from adjacent areas; or (2) where maintained completely submerged in water. (33:8-4.2) work cannot be moved practically, as in most construction work, an area made fire safe by removing combustibles or protecting combustibles from ignition sources. (51B:3-1) 430 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP (c) Wall or floor openings within a 35-ft (ll-m) radius expose 34-2.2 Permit. combustible material in adjacent areas including concealedspaces in walls or floors. 34-2.2.1 Permit required. (See.Section 1-15.) (d) Combustible materials are adjacent to the opposite side of 34-2.2.2 Before cutting or welding is permitted and at least once per metal partitions, walls, ceilings or roofs and are likely to be ignited day while the permit is in effect, the area shall be inspected by the by conduction or radiation. (51B:3-3) individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding opera- tions [see Section 2-1(b) ofNFPA 51B] to ensure that it is a fire safe 34-2.3.2 Fire watchers shall have fire extinguishing equipment area_ This individual shall designate precautions to be followed in readily available and be trained in its use, including practice on test granting authorization to proceed in the form of a written permit or fires. (51B:3-3.1) other equivalent means. This individual shall sign the permit or otherwise authorize the work and shall verify the following: (51B:3- 34-2.3.3 Fire watchers shall be familiar with facilities and procedures 2) for sounding an alarm in the event oft fire. (51B:3-3.2) 34-2.2.2.1 Cutting and welding equipment to be used shall be in $4-2.3.4 F'tre watchers shall watch for fires in all exposed areas and satisfactory operating condition and in good repair. (51B:3-2.1) try to extinguish them first only when obviously within the capacity of the equipment available, or otherwise sound the alarm immedi- 34-2.2.2.2 Where combustible materials such as paper clippings, ately. (51B:3-3.3) wood shavings, or textilefibers are on the floor, the floor shall be swept dean for a radius of 35 ft (11 m). Combustible floors (except 34-2.3.5 A fire watch shall be maintained for at least a half hour • wood or concrete) shall be kept wet, covered with damp sand, or after completion of cutting or welding operations to detect and protected by fire-resistant shields. Where floors have been wet down, extinguish smoldering fires. (51B:3-3.4) personnel operating arc welding or cutting equipment shall be protected from possible shock. (51B:3-2.2) 34-3 Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems. 34-2.2.2.3 All combustibles shall be relocated at least 35 ft (11 m) 34-3.1 General. The design and installation of oxygen-fuel gas horizontally from the work site. Where relocation is impractical, systems for welding, cutting, and allied processes shall comply with combustibles shall be protected with flameproofed covers or this section and NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of otherwise shielded with metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains. Oxygen-Fuel Gas S3stemsfor Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Edges of covers at the floor shall be tight to prevent sparks from going under them. This precaution is also important at overlaps $4-3.2 Cyfinders and Containers. where several covers are used to protect a large pile. (51B:3-2.3) 34-3.2.1 Containers other than DOT cylinders for the storage of LP- 34-2.2.2.4 Openings or cracks in walls, floors, or ducts within 35 ft Gas or methylacetylene-propadiene, stabilized, shall be constructed, (11 m) of the site shall be tightly covered to prevent the passage of installed, and charged with a gas in accordance with NFPA 58, sparks to adjacent areas. (51B:3-2.4) Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. (51:2- a.2) 34-2.2.2.5 Conveyor systems that might carry sparks to distant combustibles shall be protected.k(51B:5-2.5) 34-3.2.2 For the primary identification of cylinder, container, or manifold gas supply unit content, each cylinder, container, or unit 34-2.2.2.6 Where cutting or welding is done near walls, partitions, shall be legibly marked with the name of the gas in accordance with ceilings, or roofs of combustible construction, fire-resistant shields ANSI/CGA-4, Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to or guards shall be provided to prevent ignition. If welding is to be Identify the Material Contained. These markings shall not be cut into done on a metal wall, partition, ceiling, or roof, precautions shall be the metal of the cylinder. (51:2-1.3) taken to prevent ignition of combustibles on the other side, due to conduction or radiation, preferably by relocating combustibles. 34-3.2.3 Cylinders permitted inside of buildings shall be stored at Where combustibles are not relocated, a fire watch on the opposite least 20 ft (6 m) from flammable and combustible liquids and easily side from the work shall be provided. Welding shall not be at- ignited forms of materials such as wood, paper, oil, and grease, and tempted on a metal partition, wall, ceiling, or roof having a where they will not be exposed to excessive rise in temperature, combustible covering, nor on walls or partitions of combustible physical damage, or tampering by unauthorized persons. (51:2-2.1) sandwich-type panel construction. (51B:3-2.6) $4-3.2.4 Separate rooms or buildings used for cylinder storage shall 34-2.2.2.7 Cutting or welding on pipes or other metal in contact be well ventilated. (51:2-2.2) with combustible walls, partitions, ceilings, or roofs shall not be undertaken if the work is close enough to cause ignition by 34-3.2.5 Permits shall be required for cylinder and container storage conduction. (51B:3-2.7) and the storage of calcium carbide within this jurisdiction. $4-2.2.2.8 Fully charged and operable fire extinguishers, appropri- 34-3.2.6 Cylinders shall be secured in a manner so as to not be easily ate for the type of possible fire, shall be available at the work area_ overturned. Where hose lines are available, they shall be connected and ready for service. (51B:3-2.8) 34-3.3 Any person using a torch or other flame-producing device for removing paint, sweating pipe joints, or similar use in or around any 34-2.2.2.9 Where welding or cutting is done in close proximity to a building or structure or combustibles is responsible for the sprinkler head, a wet rag shall be laid over the head and then prevention of fire and shall comply with the following: removed at the conclusion of the welding or cutting operation. Special precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental operation of (a) Provide, in a ready state, within 15 ft (4.6 m) travel distance of automatic fire detection or suppression systems (e.g., special the work being done, either an approved fire extinguisher having a extinguishing systems). (51B:3-2.9) minimum 2A rating or a water hose connected to a reliable water supply, ffa water hose is used as the approved extinguisher, it shall 34-2.2.2.10 Nearby personnel shall he suitably protected against be charged and be equipped with a suitable nozzle. heat, sparks, slag, etc. (51B:3-2.10) (b) Provide shielding, wetting, or other approved means to protect 34-2.3 Fire Watchers. combustible material in close proximity of the flame. Approved stored pressure water fire extinguisher shall not be used to wet 34-2.3.1 Fire watchers shall be required bythe individual respon- combustible material. sible for authoriFzing cutting and welding whenever cutting or welding is performed in locations where other than a minor fire (c) In all cases, the person operating the torch or a designee shall might develop, or any of the following conditions exist: remain in the immediate vicinity for a minimum of 30 minutes or a period of time sufficient to ensure that no fire will result from the (a) Appreciable combustible material in building construction or work that was done. This person's responsibilities shall include contents closer than 35 ft (11 m) to the point of operation. detecting and reporting any fire. (b) Appreciable combustibles are more than 35 ft (11 m) away but are easily ignited by sparks. 431 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP Chapter 35 Dust Explosion Prevention 36-3 Duct Systems. Ducts handling combustible dust shall be constructed entirely of sheet metal or other noncombustible 35-1 General. material, shall be of adequate strength and rigidity to meet the conditions of service andinstallation requirements, and shall be 35-1.1 Equipment, processes, and operations that involve dust properly protected where subject to mechanical injury. All ducts, consisting of pulverized particles of any material that, if mixed with whether inside or outside of buildings, shall be thoroughly braced air in the proper portions, becomes explosive and can be ignited by where required and substantially supported by metal hangers or flame or spark shall comply with the applicable requirements of this brackets and shall be designed to afford strength and rigid,ity against Code and the provisions of this section and shall be maintained in disruption. All lap joints shall be made in the direction of the air accordance with the standards listed below where provisions of this flow. section do not spedfically cover conditions and operation. 35-4 Pneumatic Conveying Systems. Pneumatic systems shall be NFPA 61, Standard for the Prevention ofFires and Dust Explosions in designed in accordance with NFPA 650, Standard for Pneumatic Agricultural and FoodProducts Facilities. Conveying Systemsfor Handling CombustibleMaterials. NFPA 65, Standard for the Processing and Finishing of Alurainura, 35-5 Dust Collection. NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, 35-5.1 Continuous suction shall be provided for processes where NFPA 91, combustible dust is liberated in normal operation. The dust shall be Standard for Exhaust Systemsfor Ah" Conveying of Materials, conveyed to dust separators or collectors.- NFPA 490, Codefor the Storage of Ararnonium Nitrate 35-5.2 Dust collection systems shall comply with all requirements of NFPA 650, Standard for Pneumatic Conveying Systemsfor Handling NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systemsfor Air Conveying of Materials. Combustible Materials, 35-5.3 Dust collectors shall be located outside of buildings. NFPA 651, Standard for the Manufacture of Aluminura Powder, Exception No. 1: Dust collectors shall be permitted to be located inside of NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention ofFire and Dust Explosions in the buildings if they are located adjacent to exterior wall are vented to the outside Chemica~ Dy~ Pharmaceutical and Plast~ Industries, through straight ducts not exceeding lOft (3 m) in length, and have v~Plosionvents designed according to information in NFPA 68, C.uidefor NFPA 655, Standard for Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions, ring of Deflagrations. NFPA 664, Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Exception No. 2: Dust collectorsprotected with an explosion suppression Processing and WoodworkingFacilities, Stem meeting the requirements of NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion NFPA 8503, Standard for Pulverized Fuel Systems. ention Systems, nu0 be located inside buildings. 85-1.2 Permit required. (See Section 1-15.) Exception No. 3: Dust collectors and equipment designedfor deflagration pressure containment in accordance with Chapter5 of NFPA 69shall be 35-1.3 All dust-producing or dust-agitating machinery, such as permitted to be located inside buildings. grinding mills and separators, and all elevators, elevator legs, spouts, hoppers, and other conveyors shall be provided with casing or 35-5.4 Dust collectors shall be constructed of noncombustible enclosures maintained as nearly dusttight as possible. materials. Cloth-type collectors shall be provided with dusttight metal enclosures or their equivalent. 35-1.4 Approved magnetic or pneumatic separators shall be installed ahead of all shellers, crackers, crushers, grinding machines, pulverizers, and similar machines in which the entrance of foreign Chapter 36 Industrial Ovens and Furnaces materials can cause sparks to be generated. 36-1 C.eneral. 35-1.5 Suitable dust-collecting equipment shall be installed, and accumulation of dust shall be kept at a minimum in the interior of 36-1.1 Application. Industrial ovens and furnaces shall complywith buildings. this chapter and provisions of NFPA 86, .Standardfor Ovens. and . Furnaces, NFPA 86C, Standard for lndustnal Furnaces Using a Special 35-1.6 All machinery and metal parts of the crushing, drying, ProcessingAtmospher~ and NFPA 86D, Standard for Industrial Furnaces pulverizing, and conveying system shall be electrically grounded in Using Vacuum as an Atmosphere, as applicable. accordance with NFPA 70. 36-1.2 Permits. 35-1.7 Smoking and the carrying of matches, the use of heating or other devices employing an open flame, or use of any spark- 36-1.2.1 Permits required. (See Section 1-15.) producing equipment is prohibited in areas containing dust- producing or dust-agitating operations. Artificial lighting in such 36-1.2.2 Applications for a permit shall be accompanied by plans areas shall be by electricity with all wiring and electrical equipment showing allessential details and calculations for safe operation. installed in accordance with NFPA 70. 36-2 Location. Special consideration shall be given to the location 35-1.8* Properly designed and located vents that will relieve the of equipment using flammable liquids or when using gas fuels with a pressure resulting from an explosion and prevent or reduce damage vapor density greater than air. to buildings or equipment shall be required in all buildings where- flammable or explosive dusts are manufactured, processed, or 36-3 Safety Controls. Safety controls, as specified in NFPA 86, 86C, generated. and 86D, shall be sufficient in number andsubstantially constructed and arranged to maintain the required conditions of safety and 35-1.9 Static electricity shall be removed from all machinery and prevent the development of fire and explosion hazards. other component parts by permanent grounds or bonds or both. The design and installation of such grdunds shall he in accordance with approved standards. Chapter 37 Mechanical Refrigeration 35-2 Blowers. Blowers or exhaust fans shall be installed on proper 37-1 General. foundations and secured in a substantial manner. Dust shall not pass through a fan or blower. For ~ns or blowers on the discharge side of 37-1.1 This chapter shall apply to all refrigerating units or systems dust collectors, it is permissible to pass product through a fan, described herein. provided that ample clearance shall be provided between the blades and the casing and that the normally expected dust concentration is Exception.- Air, water, or brine systems and all units utilizing Group 1 below the minimum explosive concentration. All rotatingelements f.figerants with a refrigerant compressoror horsepowerrating of less than shall be made of nonferrous material. The fan bearings shall not 00. extend into the casings. Belt drives shall not be located inside the fan or blower housing. A clearance shall be provided between the shaft and casing. 432 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP 37-2 Classifications. 39-1.3 Special Definitions. 37-2.1 Group 1. Loose House. A separate detached building in which unbaled combustible fibers are stored. Carbon Dioxide (R-744) Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) 39-2 Loose Storage of Combustible Fibers. Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) (R-500) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) 39-2.1 Loose combustible fibers (not in suitable bales or packages), Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114) whether housed or in the open, shall not be stored within 100 ft Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) (30.5 m) of any building, except as hereinafter specified. Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) (R-30) Trifluorotrichloroethane (R-113) 39~.2 Quantities of loose combustible fibers up to 100 ft3 (2.832 Chlorotrffiuoromethane (R-13) m ) shall not be kept in any building unless stored in a metal or Bromotriflu oromethane (R-13 B1) metal-lined bin eqmpped with a serf-closing cover. Carbontetrafluoride (R-14) Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) (R-502) 39-2.3 Quantities exceeding lO~ft3 (2.83~m 3) of loose combustible Chloropentafluoroethane (R-115) fibers, but not exceeding 500 fC (14.16 mO), shall be permitted to O ctafluorocyclobutane (R-C318) be stored in rooms or compartments in which the floors, walls, and ceilings have a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. Each 37-2.2 Group 2. opemng into such rooms or compartments from other parts of the building shall be equipped with an approved self-closing fire door. Ammonia (R-717) Dichloroethylene (R-1130) 39-2.4 Quantities exceeding 500 ft 3 (14.16 m 3) of loose combustible Methyl Chloride (R-40) fibers shall be permitted to be stored in approved vaults, constructed Methyl Formate (R-fll) as follows: Sulfur Dioxide (R-7fi4) (a) Storage vaults shall be located outside of buildings or, if 37-2.3 Group 3. located inside, shall be provided with approved safety vents to the outside. Butane (R-fi00) Ethane (R-170) (b) Walls, floors, and ceilings shall be constructed of approved Propane (R-290) noncombustible material having a fire resistance rating of not less Ethylene (R-1150) than one hour. Roofs of outside vaults shall be of noncombustible lsobutane (R-600a) material, but can be so constructed as to readily give wayin case of an internal explosion. 37-3 Maintenance and Installation. (c) Openings, if any, between vault and main building shall be 37-3.1 All refrigeration systems shall be maintained free from protected on each side of the wall by an approved fire door. Wall accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, and other debris and shall be openings in outside vaults exposing other buildings (not sufficiendy maintained accessible at all times. detached to be considered cutoff) shall be protected by approved fire doors. 37-3.2 All new mechanical refrigeration systems shall be installed, and all existing installations shall be maintained in a standard safe (~,) Vaults located within buildings and exceeding 1,000 ft3 (28.32 manner that will minimize life, health, and fire hazards of the m ) storage capacity shall be protected by an approved automatic installation. fire extinguishing system. 37-3.3 The person in charge of a premises where a refrigeration unit 39-2.5 Not more than 2,500 ft3 (70.8 m 3) of loose fibers shall be requiring a permit is installed shall place a card in a conspicuous permitted to be stored in a detached loose house suitably located, location near the condensing unit giving instructions for operation with openings properly protected against entrance of sparks. The of the system, including precautions to be observed in case of loose house shall be used for no other purpose. breakdown or leak. 39-3 Baled Storage. 37-3.4 All refrigeration systems requiring a permit shall be provided with an easily legible (i.e., manufacturer's nameplate) sign perma- 39-3.1 ~.o single block or pile shall contain more than 25,000 ft 3 nendy attached and easily accessible, indicating the name and (708 m ) of combustible fibers, exclusive of aisles or clearances. address of the manufacturer or installer, the kind and total number Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from adjacent of pounds of refrigerant contained in the system, and the field test storage by aisles not less than 5 ft (1.53 m) wide; or by flash fire pressure applied. barriers consisting of continuous sheets of noncombustible material extending from'the floor to a height of at least 2 ft (0.61 m) beyond 37-3.5 All systems containing more than 100 lb (45 kg) of refriger- the top of the piles. ant shall be provided with signs having letters not less than 1/2 in. (12.5 turn) high designating the main shutoffvalves to each vessel, 39-3.2 Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with combustible tie main stream or electrical control, remote control switch, and ropes or jute and other fibers that are liable to swell when wet shall pressure limiting device. be stored in a manner allowing for expansion in any direction without endangering building, walls, ceilings, or columns. Not less 37-4* FanergencyDischarge of Ammonia Refrigerant. Ammonia than 3 ft (0.914 m) clearance shall be left between walls and sides of refrigeration systems shall be provided with an approved system for piles, except that in storage compartments not more than 30 ft (9.14 safely removing the ammonia refrigerant in the event of an m) in width, 1 ft (0.305 m) clearance at side walls shall be sufficient, emergency. provided a center aisle not less than 5 ft (1.53 m) wide is main- tained. Chapter 38 Explosive Materials 39-3.3 Unlimited quantities of hay, straw, and other agricultural 38-1 Application. The manufacture, transportation, storage, sale, rOducts shall bepermitted to be stored in or near farm buildings and use of explosive materials shall comply with NFPA 495, Explosive cated outside of closely built areas. Materials Code, and NFPA 498, Standard for Explosives Motor Vehicle Terminals. 39-3.4 Combustible fibers shall not be stored in rooms or buildings Chapter 39 Combustible Fibers with hazardous gases, flammable liquids, dangerous chemicals, or other similar materials. 39-1 Application. 39-4 Sources of Ignition. 39-1.1 All facilities handling or storing combustible fibers shall comply with this chapter. 39-4.1 Trucks or automobiles, other than mechanical handling equipment and approved industrial lyucks as listed in NFPA 505, Fire 39-1.2 This chapter shall not apply to buildings completely Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Tru~ks Including Type Designations, protected by an approved automatic fire extinguishing system; Areas of Us~ Maintenance, and Operation, shall not enter any fiber however, this does not obviate the need for good housekeeping. 433 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP storage room or building, but shall be permitted to be used at 40-1.1.4.3 When a funnel is used in aircraft fueling, it shall be kept loading platforms. in contact with the filler neck as well as the fueling nozzle spout or the supply container to avoid the possibility of a spark at the fill 39-4.2 Electrical wiring and equipment in any combustible fiber opening. Only metal funnels shall be used. (407:3-4.3) storage room or building shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 70, NationalElectrlcal Code, for Class III 40-1.1.4.4 When a hydrant servicer or cart is used for fueling, the hazardous locations. The authority having jurisdiction shall be hydrant coupler shall be connected to the hydrant system prior to responsible for designating the areas requiring hazardous location bonding the fuel equipment to the aircraft. (407:3-4.4) electrical classifications and shall classify the area in accordance with the classification system set forth in NFPA 70. 40-1.1.4.5 Bonding and fueling connections shall be disconnected in the reverse order of connection. (407:3-4.5) 39-4.3 No smoking or open flame shall be permitted in any area where combustible fibers are handled or stored, nor within 50 ft 40-1.1.4.6 Conductive hose shall be used to prevent electrostatic (15.25 m) of any uncovered pile of such fibers. "NO SMOKING" discharge but shall not be used to accomplish required bonding. signs shall be posted. (407:3-4.6) 39-5 Portable Extinguishers. 40-1.1.5 Operation of Aircraft Engines, Auxiliary Power Units, and Heaters. 39-5.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed as required for extra hazard occupancy protection as applicable in NFPA 10, 40-1.1.5.1 Fuel servicing shall not be done on an aircraft while an Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. onboard engine is operating. 39-5.2 See Section 1-15 for permits required. Exception: In an emergency resulting from the failure of an onboard auxiliary power unit on a jet aircraft and in the absence of suitable ground support equipment, a jet engine mounted at the rear of the aircraft or on the Chapter 40 Refueling wing on the side opposite from the fueling point may be operated during fueling to provide power, provided that the operation follows written 40-1 Aircraft Fuel Servicing. procedures approved by the authori 0 havlng ju~'isdiction. (407:3-5.1) 40-1.1 General. 40-1.1.5.2 Combustion heaters on aircraft (e.g., wing and tail surface heaters, integral cabin heaters) shall not be operated during 40-1.1.1 Application. fueling operations. (407:3-5.2) 40-1.1.1. I Aircraft fuel servicing shall comply with this section and 40-1.1.6 Internal Combustion Engine Equlpment Around Aircraft NFPA 407, Standard for Aircrafl Fuel Seroicin~ (Other than Aircraft Fuel Servicing Vehicles). 40-I. 1.1.2 This section applies to the ground fuel servicing of all 40-1.1.6.1 Equipment, other than those performing aircraft types of aircraft with liquid petroleum fuel. It does not apply to: servicing functions, shall not be permitted within 50 ft (15 m) of aircraft during fuel servicing operations. (407:3-0.1) (a) in-fight fueling; 40-1.1.6~2 Equipment performing aircraft servicing functions shall (b) fuel servicing of flying boats or amphibious aircraft on water; or not be positioned within a 10-ft (3-m) radius of aircraft fuel system vent openings. (407:3-6.2) (c) draining or filling of aircraft fuel tanks incidental to aircraft fuel system maintenance operations or manufacturing. (407:1-1) 40-1.1.7 Open Flames. 40-1.1.2 Fuel Servicing Personnel. Only authorized personnel 40-1.1.7.1 Entrances to fueling areas shall be posted with "NO trained in the safe operation of the equipment they use, in the SMOKING" signs. (407:3-8.1) operation of emergency controls, andin procedures to be followed in an emergency shall fuel or defuel aircraft. (407:3-1.1) 40-1.1.7.2 Open flames on aircraft fuel servicing ramps or aprons within 50 ft (15 m) of any aircraft fuel servicing operation or fueling 40-1.1.3 Prevention and Control of Spills. equipment shall be prohibited. (407:3-8.2) 40-1.1.3.1 Fuel servicing equipment shall comply with the require- 40-1.1.7.3 The category of open flames and lighted open-flame ments of NFPA 407 and be maintained in safe operating condition. devices shall include but not be limited to the following: Leaking or malfunctioning equipment shall be removed from service. (407:3-2.1) (a) Lighted cigarettes, cigars, pipes. 40-1.1.3.2 Fuel nozzles shall not be dragged along the ground. (b) Exposed flame heaters, liquid, solid, or gaseous devices, (407:3-2.2) including portable and wheeled gasoline or kerosene heaters. 40-1.1.3.3 Pumps, either hand- or power-operated, shall be used (c) Heat-producing, welding or cutting devices, and blowtorches. when aircraft are fueled from drums. Pouring or gravity flow shall not be permitted from a container with a capacity of more than 5 gal (d) Flare pots or other open-flame lights. (407:3-8.3) (18.9 L). (407:3-2.3) 40-1.1.7.4 Personnel shall not carry lighters or matches on their 40-1.1.4 Bonding. person while engaged in fuel servicing operations. (407:3-8.5)- 40-1.1.4.1 Prior to making any fueling connection to the aircraft, 40-1.1.7.5 Lighters or matches are prohibited on or in fueling the fueling equipment shall be bonded to the aircraft by use of a equipment. (407:3-8.6) cable, thus providing a conductive path to equalize potential between the fueling equipment and aircraft. The bond shall be 40-1.1.7.6 The authority having jurisdiction may establish other maintained until fueling connections have been removed, thus locations where open flames and open-flame devices shall be permitting the reuniting of separated charges that could be prohibited. (407:$-8.4) generatedduring the fueling operation. (407:3-4.1) 40-1.1.8 Aircraft Fuel Servicing Locations. 40-1.1.4.2 In addition to the above, when fueling overwing, the nozzle shall be bonded with a nozzle bond cable having a clip or 40-1.1.8.1 Aircraft fuel servicing shall be done outdoors. Aircraft plug to a metallic component of the aircraft that is metallically fuel servicing incidental to aircraft fuel system maintenance connected to the tank filler port. The bond connection shall be operations shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 410, made before the filler cap is removed. If there is no plug receptacle Standard on Aircrafl Maintenanc~ (407:3-10.1) or means of attaching a clip, the operator shall touch the filler cap with the nozzle spout before removing the cap so ~ to equalize the 40-1.1.8.2 Aircraft being fueled shall be positioned so that aircraft potential between the nozzle and the filler port. The spout shall be fuel system vents or fuel tank openings are not closer than 25 ft (8 l~ept in contact with the filler neck until the fueling is completed. m) from any terminal building, hangar, service building, or enclosed (407:3-4.2) 434 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP passenger concourse other than a loading walkway. Aircraft being piping. Open trenches shall not be used where they are in line of fueled shall not be positioned so that the vent or tank openings are pedestrian or passenger traffic. (415:2-1.7) within 50 ft (15 m) of any combustion and ventilation air intake to any boiler, heater, or incinerator room. (407:3-10.2) 40-1.3.2.8 Underground piping and components used in drainage systems shall be noncombustible and inert to fuel. (415:2-1.8) 40-1.1.8.3 Accessibility to aircraft by emergency fire equipment shall be considered in establishing aircraft fuel servicing positions. (407:3- 40-2 Fueling at Roof-Top Heliports. 10.3) 40-2.1 Application. Fueling at roof-top heliports shall comply with 40-1.2 Airport Fueling Systems. this section and Section 2-5 of NFPA 407, Standard for Aircrafl Fuel Servicing. 40-1.2.1 Plans and Specifications. Work shall not be started on the construction or alteration of an airport fueling system until the 40-2.2 Approval Required. Fueling on roof-top heliports shall be design, plans, and specifications have been approved by the permitted only when approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. authority having jurisdiction. (407:2-4.1) (407:2-5.1) 40-1.2.2 Acceptance Inspection. The authority having jurisdiction 40-2.3 General. Facilities for dispensing fuel with a flash point may require that they inspect and approve the completed system below 100°F (37.8°C) shall not be provided at any roof-top heliport. before it is put into service. (407:2-4.2) (407:2-5.2.2) 40-1.2.3 Fuel Storage Tanks. The authority having jurisdiction shall 40-2.4 Fueling Facilities. determine the clearances required from runways and taxiways to any aboveground fuel storage structures or fuel transfer equipment with 40-2.4.1 The fuel storage system shall be located at or below ground due recognition given to national and international standards level. (407:2-5.3.3) establishing clearances from obstructions. Tanks located in aircraft movement areas or aircraft servicing areas shall be underground or 40-2.4.2 Pumps shall be located at or below ground level. Relay mounded over with earth. Vents from such tanks shall be con- pumping shall be prohibited. (407:2-5.4.1) structed in a mariner to minimize collision hazards with operating aircraft. Aircraft operators shall be consulted as to the height and 40-2.4.3 Pumps installed outside of buildings shall be located not location of such vents to avoid venting flammable vapors in the less than 5 ft (1.5 m) from any building opening. They shall be vicinity of ignition sources, including operating aircraft and substantially anchored and shall be protected against physical au.tomotive equipment permitted in the area. (407:2-4.4.2) damage from collision. (407:2-5.4.2) 40-1.3 Aircraft Fueling Ramp Drainage. 40-2.5 Emergency Fuel Shutoff Stations. 40-1.3.1 Application. 40-2.5.1 A system to completely shut off the flow of fuel in an emergency shall be provided. The system shall shut off the fuel at 40-1.3.1.1 Aircraft fueling ramp drainage shall comply with this the grade level. The emergency shutoff controls shall be in addition section and NFPA 415, Standard on Aircraft Fueling Ramp Drainaga to the normal operating controls for the pumps and deadman control. (407:2-5.10.1) 40-1.3.1.2 This section specifies minimum requirements for the design and maintenance of the drainage system of an aircraft fueling 40-2.5.2 At least two emergency shutoff stations located on opposite ramp to control the flow of fuel that may be spilled on a ramp and to sides of the heliport at exitways or at similar locations shall be minimize the resultant possible danger therefrom. (415:1-1) provided. An additional emergency fuel shutoff station shall be at .~:ll0.e level near, but at least 10 ft (3 m) from, the pumps. (407:2- 40-1.3.2 Design. 2) 40-1.3.2.1 Aircraft fueling ramps shall slope away from terminal 40-2.5.3 Each emergency fuel shutoff station shall be placarded buildings, aircraft hangars, aircraft loading walkways, or other "EMERGENCY FUEL SHUTOFF' in letters at least 2 in. (50 ram) structures, with a minimum grade of one percent (1:100) for the high. Method of operation shall be indicated by an arrow or by the first 50 ft (15.2 m). Beyond this distance, the ramp slope to drainage word "PUSH" or "PULL," as appropriate. Any action required to inlets may be reduced to a minimum of 0.5 percent (1:200). (415:2- gain access to the shutoffdevice (e.g., "BREAK GLASS") shall be 1.1) clearly shown. Lettering shall be of a color sharply contrasting with its background for ready visibility. Placards shall be weather resistant, 40-1.3.2.2 Aircraft fueling ramp drainage as specified herein shall be shall be conspicuously located, and shall be positioned so that they accomplished by the provisions of 40-1.3.2.1 in conjunction with: can be readily seen from a distance of at least 25 ft. (7.6 m). (407:2- 5.10.3) (a) Use of drain inlets with connected piping. 40-2.6 Personnel Training. All heliport personnel shall be trained (b) Use of open grate trenches. (415:2-1.2) in the operation of emergency shutof controls and in the use of the available fire extinguishers. (407:2-5.12) 40-1.3.2.3 Drainage inlets, where provided, shall be a minimum of 50 ft (15.2 m) from structures listed in 40-1.3.2.1. (415:2-1.3) Chapter 41 Safeguards during Building Construction and Demofi- 40-1.3.2.4 The drainage system of any aircraft fueling ramp shall be tion Operations so designed that the fuel or its vapor cannot enter into the drainage system of buildings, areas utilized for automobile parking, public or 41-1 General Requirements. private streets, the public side of an airport terminal, or aircraft hangar structures. In no case shall the design allow fuel to collect on 41-1.1 Buildings undergoing construction or demolition operations the aircraft fueling ramp or adjacent ground surfaces where it may shall comply wlth this Code. Compliance with NFPA 241, Standard for constitute a fire hazard. (415:2-1.4) Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations, is also required for items not specifically addressed herein. 40-1.3.2.5 The final separator or interceptor for the entire airport drainage system shall be designed to allow disposal of combnstible or 41-1.2 A fire protection plan shall be established where required by flammable liquids into a safely located, approved containment the anthority having jurisdiction. facility. (415:2-1.5) 41-1.3 Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, a 40-1.3.2.6 Grates and drain covers shall he removable to facilitate telephone shall be provided at the construction site for the purpose cleaning and flushing. (415:2-1.6) of emergency notification. The street address of the construction site shall be posted adjacent to the telephone together with the 40-1.3.2.7 ff open grate drainage trenches are used as a collection emergency telephone number. means, such open trenches, including branches, shall not be over 125 ft (38.1 m) in length with a minimum interval of 6 ft (1.8 m) 41-1.4 Temporary wiring shall comply with the provisions of Section between open trench sections to act as fire stops. Each 125-ft (38.1- 3-2 of this Code. m) section shall be individually drained through underground 435 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP 41-1.5 Cutting and welding shall comply with Chapter 34 of this 41-2.14 Scaffolding, Shoring, and Forms. Code. 41-2.14.1 Accumulations ofunnecessary cumbustible forms or form 41-2 F'n'e Safety during Construction. lumber shall be prohibited. Combustible forms or form lumber shall be brought into the strncmre only when needed. Combustible forms 41-2.1 Fire lanes provided in accordance with Section 3-5 of this or form lumber shall be removed from the structure as soon as Code shall be provided at the start of a project and be maintained stripping is complete. Those portions of the structure where throughout consuaaction for access. combustible forms are present shall not be used for the storage of other combustible building materials. (241:6-2.1) Exception: Fire lane markings are not required until complaion of the building pro3"ecL 41-2.14.2 During forming and stripping operations, portable fire extinguishers or charged hose lines shall be providedto protect 41-2.2 In all buildings over one story in height, at least one stairway adequately the additional combustible loading. (241:6-2.2) shall be provided in ~alJle condition at all times, and shall meet the requirements of 5-2.2 of NFPA I01, Life Safety Code. This stairway 41-2.15 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. shall be extended upward as each floor is installed in new construc- tion and malntainedfor each floor remaining during demolition. 41-2.15.1 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in The stairway shall be lighted. During construction the stairway shall accordance with NFPA 30, Flammable and CmnbustibleLiquids Code, be enclosedif the building exterior walls are in place. (241:5-4.8) with the following specialprovision: Storage of Glass I and II liquids shall not exceed 60 gal (2fl7 L). (241:3-5.1.1 and 241:3-5.1.2) 41-2.3 Water Supply. 41-2.15.2 Storage areas shall be kept free of weeds, debris, and 41-2.3.1 Water supply for fire protection, either temporary or combustible materials not necessary to the storage. (241:3-5.1.3) permanent, shall be made available as soon as combustible material accumulates. There shall be no delay in the installation of fire 41-2.15.3 Open flames and smoking shall not bepermitted in protection equipment. (241:6-7.2.1) flammable and combustible liquid storage areas. Such storage areas shall be appropriately posted as "NO SMOKING" areas. (241:3-5.1.4) 41-2.3.2 Where underground water mains and hydrants are to be provided, they shall be installed, completed, and in service prior to 41-2.15.4 Class I and II liquids shall be kept in approved safety combustible materials being brought onto the construction work. containers. (241:3-5.2.1) (241:6-7.2.2) 41-2.15.5 Class I liquids shall only be dispensed where there are no 41-2.4 In buildings required to be provided with a standpipe system open flames or other sources of ignition within the possible path of in accordance with this Code, not less than one standpipe shall be vapor travel. (241:3-5.2.3) provided and kept in service during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed when the progress of construction is not more than 41-2.16 Temporary Heating Equipment. 50 ft (15.25 m) in height ~tbove grade. Standpipes shall be provided with approved fire department hose connections at accessible 41-2.16.1 Temporary heating equipment shall be listed and shall be locations adjacent to usable stairs and shall be designed to furnish installed, used, and maintained according to the manufacturer's 500 gal of water per minute at the top most outlet at 65 psi. This instructions. (241:3-2.1) standpipe shall be extended as construction progresses to within one floor of the hlghestpoint of construction having secured decking or 41-2.16.2 Chimney or vent connectors, where required from direct flooring. If the standpipe is temporary, it shall be designed to fired heaters, shall be maintained at least 18 in. (457 mm) from furnish 100 gal of water per minute at 65 psi with a standpipe size of combustibles and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 211, not less than 4 in. (10.16 cm) and shall remain in service until the Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning permanent standpipe installation is complete. Appliances. (241:3-2.2) 41-2.5 The standpipes shall be provided with conspicuously marked 41-2.16.3 Oil-fired heaters shall comply in design and installation and readily accessible fire department connections on the outside of features with NFPA 31, Standard for the lnstallation of Oil-Burning the building at the street level and shall have at least one standard Equipment. (241:3-2.3) hose outlet at each level. (241:6-7.4.2.1) 41-2.16.4 Fuel supplies for liquefied petroleum gas-fired heaters 41-2.6 Hose valve(s) shall have externalthreads having the NH shall comply with NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling of standard thread, for the valve size specified, as addressed in NFPA ~.~efiedPetroleura Gases, and NFPA 54, NatlonalFud Gas Code. (241:3- 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connsction.~ Exception: Wherelocal fire department connections do not conform to NFPA 41-2.16.5 Refueling operations shall be conducted in an approved 1963, the authori0 having juTisdiction shall de.~ignatethe connection to be manner. (241:3-2.5) used. (241:6-7.4.2.5) 41-2.16.6 Heating devices shall be situated so that they are secured 41-2.7 The suitability, distribution, and maintenance of extinguish- and shall otherwise he installed in accordance with their listing, ers shall be in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for PortableFire including clearance to combustible material, equipment, or Extinguishers. (241:5-6.1) construction. (241:3-2.6) t 41-2.8 At least one approved fire extinguisher shall also beprovided 41-2.16.7 Temporary heating equipment, where utilized, shall be in plain sight on each floor at each usable stairway. (241:5-6.3) monitored for safe operation and maintained by properly trained personnel. (241:3-2.7) 41-2.9 Suitable fire extinguishers shall be provided on self-propelled equipment. (241:5-6.4) 41-2.16.8 Alteration of Buildings. 41-2.10 Smoking shall be prohibited, except in those areas approved 41-2.i6.8.1 Where the building is protected by fire protection by the authority havingjurisdiction. systems, such systems shall be maintained operational at all times during alteration. 41-2.11 Accumulations of combustible waste material, dust, and debris shall be removed from the structure and its immediate vicinity Exception: Where alteration requires modification of a portion of thefire at the end of each work shift or more frequently as necessary for safe protection system, the remainder of the system shall be kept in service and the operations. (241:3-4.1) fire department shall be notified. When it is necessary to shut down the system, the autho~y having jurisdiction shall have_the authori0 to require 41-2.12 Rubbish shall not be burned on the premises without first alternate measures ofproteetlon until the system is returned to service. Thefire obtaining a permit from the authority having jurisdiction. (241:3- department shall be notified when the system is shut down and when the 4.2) system is returned to service. 41-2.13 Materials susceptible to spontaneous ignition, such as oily 41-2.16.8.2 All required exit components shall be maintained in rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container. (241:3-4.3) accordance with this Code as deemed necessary by the authority havingjurisdiction. 456 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP 41-2.16.8.3 Ftre-resistive assemblies and construction shall be Nb"PA 16, Standard for the Installation ofDeluge Foam-WaterSprinkler maintained. and Foam-WatorSpray Systems, 1995 edition. 41-3 F'we Safety during Demolition. NFPA 17, Standard for Dry ChemicalExtinguishing Systems, 1994 edition. 41-3.1 Where a building intended to be demolished contains a sprinkler system, such system shall not be rendered inoperative NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet ChemicalExtinguishing Systems, 1994 without approval of the authority having jurisdiction. edition. 41-3.2 Demolition operations involving the use of cutting and NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of CentrifugalFire Pumps~ 1993 welding shall be done in accordance with Chapter 34 of this Code. edition. 41-3.3 Combustible waste material shall not be burned at the NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protectior~ 1996 demolition site unless approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. edition. Combustible materials shall be removed from the site as often as necessary to minimize the hazards therefrom. NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire ServiceMains and Their Appurtenances, 1995 edition. 41-$.4 Where in the opinion of the authority havingjurisdiction the demolition site is of a hazardous nature, qualified personnel shall NFPA 25, Standard for the lnspection, Testin~ and Maintenance of Water- serve as an onsite fire watch. Based FireProtection Systems, 1995 edition. 41-3.5 Demolition Using Explosives. If explosives are used in NFPA 30, Flammable and CombustibleLiquids Code, 1993 edition. demolition work (implosion), hose lines [at least two 1 1/2-in. (38- mm) or one 2 1/2-in. (64-mm)] shall be provided in the immediate NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station Cod~ 1993 editi on. vicinity of the demolition site during actual detonation. These lines shall be of sufficient length to be capable of extinguishing any small NFPA 30B, Codefor the Manufacture and Storage ofAerosol Products, fire anywhere on the demolition site after detonation. (241:8-5) 1994 edition. NFPA 31, Standard for the lnstallation of Oil-Burning Equipmen~ 1992 Chapter 42 Reserved edition. NFPA 32, Standard for Drycleaning Plants, 1990 edition. Chapter 43 Referenced Publications NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combus- ( See Appendix Cfor referencedpublications that are advisory and thus do tibleMaterials, 1995 edition. not constitutepart of the requirements of this Code.) NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of CelluloseNitrate NOTE: A reference in parenthesis ( ) following a section or Motion Picture Film, 1994 edition. paragraph in Chapters 1 through 42 indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. The complete title NFPA 43B, Codefor the Storage of Organic PeroxideFormulations, 1993 and current edition of an ex~acted and referenced document are edition. found in this chapter. Editorial changes to extracted material consist of reference changes referring the user to an appropriate NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protectionfor Laboratories Using Chemicals, reference in this Code or the inclusion of the document number 1991 edition. being referenced in the original extracted material. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text will be referred to the NFPA 50, Standard for Bu~ Oxygen Systems at ConsumerSites, 1996 appropriate Technical Committee. edition. 43-1 The following documents or portions thereof are referenced NFPA 50A, Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Site~ within this Code and shall be considered part of the requirements of 1994 edition. this document. The edition indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this docu- NFPA 50B, Standard for Liquefied Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites, ment. 1994 edition. 43-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Hre Protection Association, 1 NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen-FuelGas 1992 edition. Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. Systerasfor Weldin~ Cuttin~ and Allied Processes, NFPA 1O, Standard for PortableFire Extinguishers, 1994 edition. NFPA 51A, Standard for Acetylene Cylinder Charging Plants, 1996 edition. NFPA 11, Standard for Low-Expansion Foam, 1994 edition. NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding NFPA llA, Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems, Processes, 1994 edition. 1994 edition. NFPA 54, NationalFuel Gas Code; 1992 edition. NFPA 12, Standard on CarbonDioxide Extinguishing Systems, 1993 edition. NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling ofLiquefied Petroleum Gases, 1995 edition. NFPA 12A, Standard on Halon 1301 FireExtinguishing Systems, 1992 edition. NFPA 59, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases at Utility Gas Plants, 1995 edition. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Spr/nk/er Systems, 1994 edition. NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), 1996 edition. NFPA 1$D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-FamikyDwellings and Manufactured Homes, 1994 edition. NFPA 61, Standard for the Prevention ofFires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Products Facilities, 1995 edition. NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of S]rdnkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories ir~Heigh~ 1994 NFPA 65, Standard for the Processing and Finishing ofAluminu~ 1993 edition. edition. NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systerns~ NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, 1992 edition. 1996 edition. NFPA 70, NationalElectrical Code, 1996 edition. NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systemsfor Fire Protection, 1990 edition. NFPA 72, NationalFireAlarm Cod~ 1993 edition. 457 NFPA 1 m F96 ROP NFPA 80, Standard for FireDoors and Fire Windows, 1995 edition. NFPA 430, Codefor the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers, 1995 edition. NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equlpmeng 1994 edition. NFPA 490, Codsfor the Storage ofAramonium Nitrat~ 1995 edition. NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 1995 edition. NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code, 1992 edition. NFPA 8fiG, Standard for Industrial Furnaces Using a Special Processing NFPA 498, Standard for Explosives Motor Vehicle Terminals, 1992 Atmosphere, 1995 edition. edition. NFPA 86D, Standard for lndustdal Furnaces Using Vacuum as an NFPA 505, Fire Safe0 Standard for PoweredIndustrial Trucks Ingluding Atmospher~ 1995 edition. Ty.peDesignations, Areas of Use, Maintenance, and Operatior~ 1992 edition. NFPA 88A, 1995 edition. Standard for Parking Structure~ NFPA 650, Standard for Pneumatic Conveying Systemsfor Handling NFPA 88B, Standard for Repalr Garages, 1991 edition. Combustible Materials, 1990 edition. NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and NFPA 651, Standard for the Manufacture ofAluminum Powder, 1993 Ventilating Systems, 1993 edition. edition. NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systemsfor Air Conveying of Materia~ NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the 1995 edition. C__Aemica/,Dye, Pharmabsut~/, and P/ast/c.s Industries, 1994 edition. NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of NFPA 655, Standard for Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosions, 1993 Commerdal Cooking Operations, 1994 edition. edition. NFPA I01, Life Safety Code, 1994 edition. NFPA 664, Standard for the Prevention ofFires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodw&rkingFacilities, 1993 edition. NFPA 110, Standard for Emergent3 and Standby PowerSystems, 1996 edition. NFPA 701, Standard Methods ofFire Testsfor Flame-Reslstant Textiles andFilms, 1996 edition. NFPA 211, Sta~ulardfor Chimneys, Firsplar.es, Vents, and Solid Fuel- NFPA 704, Standard Systemfor the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Burning Appliances, 1992 edition. Materials, 1990 edition. NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Constnwtion, 1995 edition. NFPA 1122, Cod*for Model Roc~try, 1994 edition. NFPA 231, 1995 edition. Standard for GeneralStorage~ NFPA 1123, Cod~forFir~nnksDispla~, 1995 edition. NFPA 231C, 1995 edition. Standard for Rack Storage of Matedal~ NFPA 1124, Codefor the Manufacture, Transportation, and Storage of NFPA 231D, Standard for Stornge of Rubber Tire~ 1994 edition. Fireworks, 1995 edition. NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and NFPA 1125, Codefor the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power Demolition Operations, 1995 edition. Rocket Motors, 1995 edition. NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests ofFire Endurance of Building NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotedmics beforea Proximate Construction and Materials, 1995 edition. Aud/enc~ 1992 edition. NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of NFPA 1231, Standard on Water Suppliesfor Suburban and Rural Fire Building Materials, 1996 edition. Fightin~ 1995 edition. NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 1995 NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Us~ and Service Testing ofFire Hose edition. Including Couplings and Nozzles, 1993 edition. NFPA 260, Standard Methods of Tests and C _kus_ification_Systera for NFPA 1963, Standard for FireHose Connections, 1993 edition. Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Cbmponents of Upholstered Fitrnltur~ 1994 edition. NFPA 9001, Standard on Clean Agent FireExtinguishing Systems, 1996 edition. NFPA 261, Standard Method of Testf~ De~rainin~ Resistance of Mock- Up UpholsteredFurniture Mateffal Assbnblies to Igni~on by Smoldming NFPA 8502, Standard for the Prevention qfFumace Explosions/ Cigarettes, 1994 edition. Implosions in Multiple Bumer Boilors, 1995 edition. NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classification ofFlammable and Combus- NFPA 8503, Standard for Pulverized Fuel Systems, 1992 edition. tibleLiquicls, 1991 edition. 45-1.2 Other Publications. NFPA $27, Standard Proceduresfor Cloaning or Safeguarding Small Tanks and Containers Without Entr), 1995 edition. 45-1.2.1 API Publication. American Petroleum Institute, 2101 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20057. NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehiclesfor Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 1990 edition. API-ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels for Petroleum Liquids and Gases, Pre-July 1, 1961. NFPA 386, Standard for Portable shipping Tanks for Flammable and CombustibteLiquids, 1990 edition. 45-1.2.2 Aft;ME Publications. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, NewYork, NY 10017. NFPA $95, Standard for the Storage ofFlammable and Combustible Liquids at Farms and l~olated Sites,"1993 edition. ASME/ANSI A17.1, Safety Codefor Elevators and Escalators, 1990. NFPA 407, StandardforAircraflFudServidn~ 1996 edition. ASME /ANSI A17.3, Safety Codsfor Existing Elevators and Escalators, 1986. NFPA 409, Standard on Aircrafl Hangars, 1995 edition. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1986. NFPA 410, Standard onAircraflMaintenanc~ 1994 edition. ASME Codefor Unfired Pressure Vessds, 1980. NFPA 415, Standard on Aircraft Fueling Ramp Drainage, 1992 edition. 45-1.2.$ ASTM Publications. American Society for Testing and NFPA 416, Standard on Construction and Protection ofAirport Terminal Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Buildings, 1995 edition. ASTM A47, Standard Specificationfor Ferritic MalleableIron Castings, NFPA 418, Standard for Heliports, 1995 edition. 1990. 438 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP ASTM A48, Standard Spedfication for Gray Iron Castings, 1994. UL 1975, Standard for Fire Testsfor Foamed Plastics Usedfor Decorative Purposes, 1990. ASTM A395, Standard Specificatlon for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure- Retaining Castingsfor Use-at Elevated Temperatures, 1988. 48-1.2.9 ULC Publications. Underwriters Laboratories of Caoada, 7 Crouse Road, Scarborough, ONT M1R 3A9. ASTM A536, Standard Speoification for Ductile Iron Castings, 1984. ULC-SS03, Standard for Carbon Dioxide Hand and Wheeled Fire ASTM D56, Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Extinguishers, 1990. Tester, 1993. ULC-S504, Standard for Dry Chemical and Dry Powder Hand and ASTM D86, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Produvts, Wheeled FireExtinguishers, 1986. 1995. ULC,,SS07, Standard for 9 Litre Stored Pressure Water Type Fire ASTM D92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Extinguishers, 1983. Open Cup, 1990. ULC-S508, Standard for Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers, ASTM D93, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens 1990. Closed Tester, 1994. ULC-S512, Standard for Halogenated Agent FireExtinguishers, 1987. ASTM D3278, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by S~aflash Closed-Cup Apparatus, 1995. 43-1.2.10 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. ASTM D3828, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Tester, 1993. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16 1632, Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads, January 1, 1990. ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750~Q 1994. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 1910.1200, Material Safety ASTM F852, Standard for Portable Gasoline Containvrs for Consumer Us~ Data Sheet, July 1, 1986. 1986. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 Transportation. ASTM F976, Standard for Portablo Kerosins Containvrs for Consumer Use, 1986. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 Parts 171-177, Hazardous Materials Regulations, U.S. DOT, December 1, 1986. 43-1.2.4 ATAPublication. American Trucking Association-Traffic Department, 2200 Mill Road, Alexandria, VA 22314. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 397, Federal Motor Cartier Safety Regulations, October 1, 1986. National Motor Freight Classification. FAA A/C 150/5390-2, Heliport Design Advisory Circular, January 4, 45-1.2.5 AWS Publications. American Welding Society, Inc., 550 1988. N.W. Lejunne Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 83135. AWS F-4.1, RecommendedSafe Practicesfor the Preparation for Welding and Cutting of Containers and Piping that Have Held Hazardous Appendix A Explanatory Notes Substances. This appendix is not part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is 43-1.2.6 CGAPublication. Compressed Gas Association, Inc~, 1235 included for informational purposes only. Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202. A-1-8.2(b) Imminent Danger. Any conditions or practices in any ANSI/ CGA C-4, Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers occupancy or structure that pose a danger that could reasonably be to ldvnt~ the Mate~al Contained, 1990. expected to cause death, serious physical harm, or serious property loss. 43-1.2.7 NRFC Publication. National Railroad Freight Committee, 222 South Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 606065945. A-1-8.8 The authority havingjurisdiction should take into account the maintenance of required means of egress and fire protection Uniform Freight Classification. systems during the construction, repair, alteration, or addition to the building. Where necessary, alternative protection features may be 43-1.2.8 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 required to ensure that no imminent hazards exist as the result of Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. modifications. UL 8, Foam Fire Extinguishers, 1990. A-1-8.4 Examples of changes from one occupancy subdassification to another subclasslfication of the same occupancy could include a UL 147A, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposable) Type Fuel Gas Gytindsr change from a Class C to a Class B assembly occupancy or a change Assemblies, 1992. from a Class B to a Class A mercantile occupancy. Hospitals and nursing homes are both health care occupancies and are defined UL 147B, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposal) Typ'eMetal Container separately but are not established as separate suboccupancies; thus a Assemblies for Butan~ 1992. change from one to the other does not constitute a change of occupancy subdassification. UL 154, Standard for Carbon Dioxide FireExtinguishers, 1995. As another example, a building was used as a hospital but has been UL 299, Standard for Dr3 ChemicalFire Extinguishers, 1995. closed for four years. It is again to be used as a hospital. As long as the building was not used as another occupancy during the time it UL 567, Standard Pipe Connectorsfor Flammable and Combustible was dosed, it would be considered existing. Liquids and LP-Gas, 1992. Hotels and apartments, although both residential occupancies, are UL 626, Standard for 2 1/2 Gallon Stored Pressure Water Type Fire treated separately, and a change from one to the other constitutes a Extinguishers, 1990. change of occupancy. (10hA-I-6.3) UL 711, Standard for Rating and Fire Testing Fire Extinguishers, 1995. A-1-9.2 Any "non-required" system that, if not maintained properly, could create a false sense of security may be considered as creating UL 842 Standard for Valv~ for Flammable Fluids, 6th Edition, 1993. an unsafe condition and therefore should be removed or properly maintained. UL 900, Standard for Air Filter Units, 1994. A-1-15.14 Form of written permit. (SeeFigureA-1-15.14.) UL 1093, Standard for Halogenated Agent FireExtinguishers, 1990. UL 1313, Standard for Nonraetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Produds, 1993. 439 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP (Front) (Rear) PERMIT ATTENTION FOR CUTTING AND WELDING Before approving any cutting and welding permit, the tire safety super- WITH PORTABLE GAS OR ARC EQUIPMENT visor or his appointee shall inspect the work area and confirm that pre- cautions have been taken to prevent fire in accordance with NFPA 5lB. PRECAUTIONS Date ...... [] Sprinklers in service [] Cutting and welding equipment in good repair Building ...... WITHIN 35 FT. OF WORK Dept ...... Floor... i...... [] Floors swept clean of combustibles Work to be done ...... [] Combustible floors wet down, covered with damp sand. metal ,r other shields [] No combustible rrmterial or flammable liquids [] Combustibles and flammable liquids 0rotected with covers, guards Special Precautions...... or metal shields [] All wall and floor openings covered [] Covers suspended beneath work to collect sparks Is fire watch required? ...... The location where this work is to be done has been examined, neces- WORK ON WALLS OR CEILINGS sary precautiorm taken, and permission is granted for this work. (~'.]ee [] Construction noncombustible and without combustible covering other side) [] Combustibles moved away from opposite aide of wall Permit expir~ ...... WORK ON ENCLOSED EQUIPMENT (Tanks, containers, ducts, dust collectors, etc. I Signed ...... [] Equipment cleaned of all combustibles (Individual responsible for authorizing welding and cutting) [] Containers purged of flammable vapors FIRE WATCH Time started ...... Completed ...... I-I Tn be provided during and 30 minutes after operation [] Supplied with extinguisher and small hose FINAL CHECK-UP [] Trained in ume of equipment and in sounding fire alarm Work area and all adjacent areas to which sparks and heat might have spread (including floors above and below and on opposite sides of wallm) FINAL CHECK-UP [] To be made 30 nfinutes after completion of a~v operation unlem were inspected 30 minutes after the work was completed and were fire watch is provided. fmmd firesafe. Signed ...... Signed ...... (Supervisor or Fire Watcher) (Supervisor) Figure A-1-15.14 Example of a permit application. storm may make these lanes temporarily inaccessible. In many parts A-2-1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not of the country the annual snowfall is of such magnitude that approve, inspect or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, alternative arrangements such as temporary roads over the snow or materials nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In accumulation may be necessary. determining the acceptability of installations or procedures, equipment or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base A-3-7.3 See Figure A-3-7.3. acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, the authority having jurisdiction may require evidence of proper installation, procedure or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organization concerned with product NORTH STAIR evaluations which is in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items. A-2-1 Authori.'tyHavingJurisdiction. The phrase "authority having jurisdiction is used in NFPA documenm in a broad manner since jurisdictions and "approval ~ agencies vary as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the "authority having jurisdiction" may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief, authority having jurisdiction, chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, health depa~Jnent, building official, electrical inspector, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department rating bureau, or other insurance company representa- tive may be the "authority having jurisdiction." In many circum- stances, the property owner or his designated agent assumes the role of the "authority havingjurisdiction": at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the "authority having jurisdiction? A-2-1 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment mayvary SUHASEMENT TO 2411-1FLOOR for each organization concerned with product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as Iisted unless it is also labeled. Jr NO ROOF ACCESS The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed DOWN TO FIRST FLOOR by the listing organization to iden~y a listed product. FOR EXIT DISCHARGE A-3-5.5 Fire lanes should he kept clear of obstructions such as Figure A-8-7.3 Example of a stairway marking sign. parked vehicles, fences and other barriers, dumpsters, excess vegetation, etc. However, it should be understood that a severe snow 440 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP A-3-10.2 See figures showing examples in Appendix A of NFPA 96, A-33-1.1.1 This standard does not cover spray application operations Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking that are conducted outdoors on buildings, bridges, tanks, or similar Operations. structures. These situations occur only occasionally for any given structure and overspray deposits are not likely to present a hazard- A-6-6.1.3 These hazard classifications only apply to the selection and ous condition. Also, the space where there might be an ignitable use of portable fire extinguishers, and should not be confused with vapor-air or dust-air mixture is very limited due to atmospheric other hazard classification systems referenced in this Code (i.e., dilution. [33".A-1-1.3(a) ] NFPA 10I, NFPA 13). For information on specific applications, see the following chapters A-6-6.3.4 For dip tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids of NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or exceeding 150¢gal (568 ~) liquid capacity or having a liquid surface Combustible Materials:. Chapter 9 on Fixed Electrostatic Apparatus exceeding 4 ft ~ (0.38 m ), see NFPA 34, Standard for Dipping and (including robots), Chapter 10 on Electrostatic Hand Spraying Coating Processes Using Flammable or Combnstible Liquids, for require- Equipment, Chapter 11 on Drying, Curing, or Fusion Processes, ments of automatic extinguishing facilities. ChalSter 12 on Automobile Undercoating in Garages, Chapter 13 on Powder Coatings, and Chapter 14 on Organic Peroxides and Plural A-6-6.3.5.1 Electrical equipment should be deenergized as soon as Component Coatings (including Fiberglass). possible to prevent reignition. A-33-1.2 SprayArea. For the purpose of this standard, the authority A-6-6.4.2.3 Under special circumstances or where local require- havin.,gjj'urisdiction can define...... the limits of the spray area in any ments are in effect, additional information may be desirable or speofic case. The spray area m the vaomty of spray application required on record tags. operations will necessarilyvary with the design and arrangement of the equipment and with the method of operation. When spray A-6-7 NFPA 16A, Standard for the Installation of Closed-Head Foam-Water application operations are strictly confined to predetermined spaces Spnnk/er Systems should be referred to when considering closed-head that are provided with adequate and reliable ventilation (such as a foam water systems. properly designed and constructed spray booth), the spray area will ordinarily not extend beyond this space. When spray application A-7-1.1 This Code contains requirements for automatic sprinkler operations are not confined to an adequately ventilated space, then protection that may not be required by other NFPA codes or the spray area might extend throughout the room or building area standards. These requirements are included in this Code fi'om a where the spraying is conducted. PdamrOpertyprotection standpoint in an effort to reduce property age due to fire, as well as the costs of manual fire suppression in A-35-1.8 The design and amount of such equipment should be in years to come. accordance with NFPA 68, Gui& for Venting ofDeflagrations. A-7-1.3.2 The enabling legislation adopting this Code should specify A-37-4 Emergency discharge systems for ammonia and/or other a specific date for compliance with this section. Building owners and refrigerants should comply with the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE managers should be notified of this requirement within 180 days of 15, Safety Co&for Mechanical l~frigeratior~ code adoption. Where discharge to atmosphere endangers life or the environment, The following items should be considered by the authority having manually controlled discharge of refrigerant vapor to a water jurisdiction as guidance in evaluating compliance plans such as: diffusion system should be considered. (a) Shortage of qualified contractors to install sprinkler systems. Appendix B Oxidizers And Organic Peroxides (b) Impact on owners and tenants as a result of existing conditions contained in lease agreements. B-I This appendix provides information, explanations, and examples to illustrate and clarify the hazard categories contained in (c) Environmental constraints resulting from contaminated Chapter 27 of the Fire Prevention Code. The hazard categories are material being removed from limited areas of the building during based upon the Code of Federal Regulations Title 29 (CFR-29). installation of sprinklers and attendant activity. Where numerical classifications are included, they are in accordance with nationally recognized standards. (d) Available time to install sprinklers in the occupied spaces. 11-2 Oxidizers. (NFPA 430, Appendix B) (e) Financial constraints of owners being able to fund the cost of installing automatic sprinklers with associated costs. 11-2.1 Class 1 Oxidizers. (f) Ability of the owner to coordinate general building remodeling 11-2.1.1 Typical Class I Oxidizers. with the actual sprinkler retrofit process. All Inorganic nitrates (unless otherwise classified) A-28-1.1.1 NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Co&, contains All Inorganic nitrites (unless otherwise classified) additional provisions for design and operations of flammable and Ammonium persulfate combustible liquid facilities. Barium peroxide Calcium peroxide A-28-1.1.3 The volatility of liquids is increased by heating. When Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 8 percent up to 27.5 Class II or Class III liquids are exposed to storage conditions, use ercent) conditions, or process operations where they are naturally or ~ ead dioxide artificially heated to or above their flash points, additional require- Lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available chlorine) ments may be necessary. These requirements include consideration Lithium peroxide for such items as ventilation, exposure to ignition sources, diking, Magnesium peroxide and electrical area classification. See also NFPA 30, Flammable and Manganese dioxide Combustible Liquids Code, 1-1.3. Nitric acid (40 percent concentration or less) Perchloric acid solutions (less than 50 percent by weight) A-28-2.3.3.1 Abandonment or reuse of underground tanks should Potassium dichromate be in accordance with Appendix C of NFPA 30, F/ammable and Potassium percarbonate Combustible Liquids Cod~ Potassium persulfate Sodium carbonate peroxide A-28-3.4 See A-4-4 of NFPA 30 for explanatory information on the Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydrate ~meS of inside liquid storage areas. See Appendix D of NFPA 30, Sodium dichromate mable and Combustible Liquids Code for information on protection Sodium perborate (anhydrous) criteria. Sodium perborate monohydrate Sodium perborate tetrahydrate A-31-1.2 F'lreworks, Exception No. 1 The regulations referred to Sodium percarbonate limit the explosive content of each cap to not more than an average Sodium persuifate of 0.25 grains (16.25 rag). Also, each package containing such caps Strontium peroxide must be labeled to indicate the maximum explosive content per cap. Trichloro-s-triazinetrione (trichloroisocyanuric acid) (all forms) Zinc peroxide 441 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP B-2.3 Class 3 Oxidizers. 17-2.2 Class 2 Oxidizers. B-2.3.1 Typical Class 3 Oxidizers. B-2.2.1 Typical Class 2 Oxidizers. Ammonium dichromate Barium bromate Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight) Barium chlorate Chioric acid (10 percent maximum concentration) Barium hypochlorite Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 52 percent up to 91 Barium perchlorate percent) Barium permanganate Mono-(trichloro) -tetra-(monopotassium dichloro)-penta-s- 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,SMimethylhyclantoin trlazinetrione Nitric acid, fuming (more than 86 percent concentration) Calcium chlorate Perchloric acid soIutions (60 percent to 72 percent by weight) Calcium chlorite Potassium bromate Calcium hypochlorite (50 percent or less by weight) Potassium chlorate Calcium perchlorate Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (Potassium Calcium permanganate dichloroisocyanurate) Chromium trioxide (Chromic acid) Sodium bromate Copper chlorate Sodium chlorate Halane (1,3-Dichloro-5,SMimethylhydantoin) Sodium chlorite (over 40 percent by weight) Hydrogen peroxide (greater than 27.5 percent up to 52 percent) Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) Lead perchlorate Lithium chlorate B-2.4 Class 4 Oxidizers. Lithium hypochlorite (more than 39 percent available chlorine) Lithium perchlorate B-2.4.1 Typical Class 4 Oxidizers. Magnesium bromate Magnesium chlorate Ammonium perchlorate (particle size greater than 15 microns) Ammonium permanganate Magnesium perchlorate Guanidine nitrate -- Mercurous chlorate Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 91 percent) Nitric acid (more than 40 percent but less than 86 percent) Tetranitromethane Perchloric acid solutions (more than 50 percent but less than 60 ercent) NOTE: Ammonium perchlorate less than 15 microns is ~ otassium perchlorate classified as an exploslve and as such is not covered by this Code. Potassium permanganate Potassium peroxide B-3 Organic Peroxide Formulations. (NFPA 43B, Appendix B) Potassium superoxide Silver peroxide 13-3.1 Class I Formulations. Sodium chlorite (40 percent or less by weight) Sodium perchlorate l~re Hazard Characteristics. Class I formulations present a Sodium perchlorate monohydrate deflagration hazard through easily initiated, rapid explosive Sodium permanganate decomposition. Class I includes some formulations that are relatively Sodium peroxide safe only under closely controlled temperatures. Either excessively Strontium chlorate high or low temperatures can increase the potential for severe Strontium perchlorate explosive decomposition. Thallium chlorate Urea hydrogen peroxide Fire Fighting Information. The immediate area should be Zinc bromate evacuated and the fire should be fought from a remote location. Zinc chlorate Some damage to structures from overpressure can be expected, Zinc permanganate should a deflagration occur. B-3.1.1 Typical Class I Formulations. Table B-$.I.I Typical Class I Fomulstlons Nominal Max. mnrd Concentration, Individual Identification s Weight Container Temp. Orl~c Peroxide Formuhtlon Percent Diluent Slze Cont. a~mmty Water & t-Butyl Hydroperoxide 90 t-BuOH 5 gal L-Bulql Pezox-~a6etate 75 OMS 5 sal toButyl Peroxyacetate 60 OMS 5 sal t-Butylperoxy Isopropyl Carbonate 92 OMS 5 gal m~m L-Butyl Peroxymaleate 98 50xl lb Dibenmyl Peroxide 98 lib 2 r2-DiIt-butylperoxylbutane 50 Toluene 1 hal Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate 99 10 lb R Di-n-propyl Peroxydicarbonate 98 1 sai R Di-n-propyl Peroxydicarbonate 85 OMS 1 gal R R--Re/rigeration required to reduce fire hazard. OMS---Odorless Mineral Splriu t-BuOH--4ertiary-Butanol For SI Units: 1 lb - 0.454 kg; 1 gal - $.785 L. Note 1: The column refers to HFPA 704 ha~trd ratinp for health, flammability, and reactivity. See NFPA 704 for detaih. 442 NFPA 1 ~ F96 ROP !?,-3.2 Class II Formulations. Fire Hazard Characteristics. Glass II formulations present a severe fire hazard similar to Class I flammable liquids. The decomposition is not as rapid, violent, or complete as that produced by Class I formulations, this class includes some formulations that are relatively safe when under controlled temperatures or when diluted. Fire Fighting Information. Fires should be fought from a safe distance, since a hazard exists from rupturing containers. B-3.2.1 Typical Class II Formulations. Table B-&2.1 Typical Chum II Fomulation. mmWm Or~mic Peroxide Formulstion t-Am~,l Peroxybenzoate ~~Mml~'~ln ~ M~MM~ re'ms n-Butyl 4,4-Di(t-but,/Iperoxy)valerate ~~n~g~lM[] ~MEMM~~'Nm t-Butyl Hydroperoxide m l MMM mm mm t-Butyl Perox,/benzoate [] t-But,/l Perox,/-2-ethylhexanoate [] t-Butyl Peroxq/isobut}rrate [] t-Butylperoxy Impropyl Carbonate [] t-Butyl Peroxq/pivalate [] Diacetyl Peroxide [] Dibenzo~,l Peroxide F~ 1,1-Di(t-but],lperoxT)o/dohexane m Di-sec-butyi Peroxq/dicarbonate. Di-sec-butT! Perox,/dicarbonate 1,1-Di(t-butylperoxy)- S,3,5-trimeth~,Ic~clohexane Di(2-eth},lhexyl) Peroxydicarbonate - m 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di- (benmylperoxT)hexane 95 I -- I 4x515 I I 2 . $ $ 2,5-Dimethyl-9,5- dih~droperox~hexane 7O wa,WIHo,cH2o*1100b 300 I:l 332 Peroxyacetic 43 R--]refrigeration required to reduce fire hazard. For Sl Units: 1 lb = 0A54 kg; 1 8al ~ $.785 L. T--Temperature control shall be considered to reduce Note 1: The column refers to HFPA 704 baird ratings for health, flammability, fire hazard depending on packaging size and and reactivity. See NFPA 704 for details. ~-commendatiom in manufacturera' literature. BBP--Butyl Benzyl Phthalate DMP--Dimethyl Phthalate DTBP--Di-ter tiary-butyl Peroxide HOAe---Ace~ Acid HzOr--Hydrogen Pro-oxide OMS--Odorlem Mineral Spirits t-BuOH--tertiary-Butanol 443 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP B-3.3 Class IH Formulations. Fire Hazard Characteristics. Class III formulations present a fire hazard similar to Class I[ combustible liquids. They are characterized by rapid burning and high heat liberation, due to decomposition. Fire Fighting Information. Caution should be observed due to possible unexpected increases in fire intensity. B-3.3.1 Typical Class HI Formulations. Table B-3J.I Typical Chum m Formulations // Concentratlon, Individual w h, co=t,i Orlpmic Peroxide Formulation Percent Diluent Size t-Amyl Hydroperoxide 88 Water 55 ~al t-Am},l Pemxyacetate 60 OMS 5 ~al t-Am},! Pemx,/-2-eth),lhexanoate 96 -- 55 ~al L-Am},IPerox,/neodecanoate 7~ OMS ~ srmmH mm t-Amyl Peroxvpivalate 75 OMS 5 pl L-ButT! Perox},-2-eth),lhexanoate 97 -- 5F~al t-But,/I Perox,/-2 -eth),lh,e~zanoate 50 DOP or OMS 55 -: I t-Butylpem~ 2-Ethylhexyl Carbonate 95 ~ 5 6al t-Butyl Pcrox]meodecanoate 75 OMS 5 p! smmH 'sm Cum},! H~,droperoxide 88 Cumene 55 ~um~,l Pcrox,/neodccanoate 75 OMS 5 gal ~.um~,l Pcrox~coheptanoate 75 OMS 5 p! I,1-Di(t-am~,IperoxT)cyclohexane 80 OMS or BBP 5 a:al m-:m Dibenzo},! Peroxide 75 Water 95 Ib • m'm Dibenm),l Peroxide paste 55 Plasticizer 850 Ib Dibenmyl Peroxide paste 50 Plasticizer 380 lb mm m':mm mm m'm Di(4-t-butylo/clohexyI) PemxTdicarbonate 98 -- 88 Ib Di-t-but,/! Peroxide 99 55 8al Di(2-t-butylperoxyisoprop~,l)benzenes 96 100 lb 2,4-Dichlorobenzo}d Peroxide, 50 DBP & Silicone 5 gal Didecanoyl Peroxide 98 -- 50 lb Diisopropyl Perox,/dicarbonate 30 Toluene 5 gal ,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di- (2-eth),ihexano]tlperox~) hexane 90 5 ~al m mmmmmm ,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di- (t-butylperoxy)hexane 92 SO gal Eth~'l S,3-Di(t-am),lperoxy)butTrate 75 OMS 5 pl gth~,lS,3-Di(t-butylperox,/)but,/rate 75 OMS 5 gal ~[eth~,l Ethyl Ketone Peroxide . 9% AO DMP I 5 gal Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide and Cydohexanone Peroxide mixture 9% AO DMP I 5 gal g~Refrigeration required to reduce fire hazard. For SI Units: 1 ib = 0.454 kg; 1 gal ffi 3.785 L. T--Tempentmre cOntrel shall be comidered to reduce Note 1: The column refers to NFPA 704 hazard ratings for health, ~, fire hazard depending on packasing ~ and and reactivity. See NFPA 704 for details. recommendatinns in manufacturerg literature. AO--Active Oxygen BBP---Butyl Benzyl Phthalate DBP--Dibutyl Phthalate DMP--Dimethyl Phthalate DOP--Dioctyl Phthalate OMS--Odorless Mineral Spirim 444 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP B-3.4 Class IV Formulations. Fire Hazard Characteristics. Class IV formulations present fire hazards that are easily controlled. Reactivity has litt.le effect on fire intensity. Fire Fighting Information. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. B-3.4.1 Typical Class IV Formulations. Table B-$.4.1 Typical Cless IV Formule~u Nominal Max. IJammi Concentration, Individual Ideatifie~'ea l Weight Cont~uer Temp. Orpnic Peroxide Formulation Percent Diluent Size Cont. t-Butyl Cum~,! Peroxide 95 -- ~5 pl 2 2 2 t-Butyl H~xlropemxide 7O Water 55 gal $ 2 2 t-Butyl Peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 50 DOP or OMS 5 R 2 2 2 t-Butyl Peroxypivalate 45 OMS 5 ~al R 2 2 2 Dibenmyl Peroxide 70 Water 95 Ib 9 2 2 Plasticizer & DFoenzoyl Peroxide paste 50 Water 380 T 2 2 2 Plasticizer & DFoenzoyl Peroxide paste 55 Water 350 lb T 2 2 2 Water & Dibenmyl Peroxide slurry 40 Plasticizer 380 lb T 2 2 2 Dibenzoyl Peroxide slurry 40 Water 5 ~,al 2 2 2 Dibenzoyl Peroxide powder 35 Starch 100 lb 2 2 2 20 Kg DicetTl Peroxydicarbonate 85 -- drums T 1 2 2 Dicumyl Peroxide 98 -- 55 gal 2 2 2 Di(2-ethylhex~,l) Perox~dicarbonate 40 OMS 5 ~al R 2 2 2 Dilauroyl Peroxide 98 110 Ib 2 2 2 Di(t-but~iperox~) Phthalate 40 DBP 30 ~al 2 2 2 Alcohols & p-Menthyl Hydroperoxide 54 Ketones 55 pI T 3 2 2 Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide 5.5% AO DMP 5 8al, 3 2 2 Water & Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide 9.0% AO Glycols 5 gal 3 2 2 R--Refrigeration required to reduce fire hazard. For Sl Unit,: 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 5.785 L. T--Tempezamre control shall be considered m reduce Note 1: The column refers to NFPA 704 hazard ratings for health, flammability, fire hazard depending on packaging size and and reactivity. See NFPA 704 for details. recommendatiom in manufacturerl' literature. AO--Act/ve Oxygen DBP.--Dt'butyl Phthalate BMP--Dimethyl Phthat~ BOP--Dioctyl Phtha~e OMS--Ododess Mineral Spirim 445 NFPA 1 -- F96 ROP B-3.5 Class V Formulations. Fire Hazard Characteristics. Class V formulations do not present severe fire hazards. Those that do bum ,do so with less intensity than ordinary combustibles. Fire Figh.ting Information. ~re fighting procedures need primarily consider the combustibility ot confainers. B-$.5.1 Typical Class V Fo .rmulations. Table B-$2;.1 Typical Class V Formulations Nominal Concentration, Imlldd~l /d[e.n~ l Weight TemI~ l Or~mlc Peroxide Formulstlon Percent Diluent Size Coat. Health Flamm. Rceefivlt7 Dicalcium Phmphate Dihydrate or Calcium Sulfate Dil~nzoTl Peroxide $5 Dih~,drate 100 ib 1 0 0 Di-(2.-t-butylperoxyi~propyl)- benzenes 40 Oa l, bulk 2 1 0 I ,I -Di-(t-buq, lperox,/)-S,a~ Calcium trimeth},Ic~ohexane 40 ~rbonate 100 lb 2 l 1 i Chl,~ Calcium Dicum~,l Peroxide 40 Carbonate bulk 2 1 1 Calcium 2,5-Dimethyl-9,5-di- Carbonate or (t-butTl~eroxy)hexane 47 Si~ca 100 lb 2 1 1 Clay or Calcium Ethyl 3 ,$-Di-(t-but},lpqmx},)but~-ate 40 Silicate 100 lb 2 1 1 Water & E,4-Pentanedionc Peroxide 49[ AO Solvent 5 gal 2 1 1 AO - Active Oxygen Note 1: The column refers to NFPA 704 hazard ratings for b.eaith, flammability, For SI Units: 1 lb - 0.454 kg;, 1 8al = 3.785 L. and reactivity. See NFPA 704 for details. Appendix C Referenced Publications AP1620, RecommertdedRules for the D~'~ and Construction of Largg Welded, Low-PressureStorage Tanks, 1990. C-1 The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this Code for informational purposes only and thus arenot AP1650, Welded Sted Tanks for Oil Storag~ 1993. considered part of the requiremenfs of this document. The edition indicated tor eacn reterence is me current edition as otme aate ot AP I 1621. Recommended Practicofor Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail the NFPA issuance of this document. Outlets, 1993. C-I.I NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 API 1632, Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. and Piping Systems, 1987. NFPA 16A, Standard f~. the lnstallation of Closed-Head Foam-Water G1.2.2 ASHRAE Publications. American Society for Heating, Spr/nk/er Systems, 1994 edition. Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tu'llie Circle NE, Ailanta, GA 30329-2305. NFPA 30, Flammable and CombustibleLiquids Code; 1993 edition. ASHRAE 15, Safety Codefor Mechanical Refiigeration, 1994. NFPA 33t Standard for. Spray Application Using Flammable or Combus- tibleMatonals, 1995 C~lition. C-1.2.3 NACE Publications. National Assodation of Corrosion Engineers, P.O. Box 218340, Houston, "IX 77218. NFPA 34, Standard for Dit~ing and Coating Processes Using Flammable or CombustibleLiquid~, 1995" ed~'tion. NACE Standard RP0169, Recommended Practice, Control ofExternal Corrosion of Undegvvund or SubmergedMetallic Piping Systems, (1992 NFPA 43B, Codefor the Storage of Organic PeroxideFormulations, 1993 Rev). edition. NACE Standard RP0285, Corrosion Control of Underground Storage NFPA 49, Hazardoua Chemicals Data, 1994 edition. Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection, 1995. NFPA 68, Guidefor Venting ofDeflagrations, 1994 edition. C-1.2.4 PEI Publications. Petroleum Equipment Institute, P.O. Box 2380, Tulsa, OK 74101. NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electricity, 1993 edition. PEI RP200, Recommended Praclicesfor Installation ofAboveground NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Storage Systemsfor Motor VehicleFuelin~ 1992. Commercial Cooking Operations, 1994 edition. C-1.2.5 ST[ Publication. Steel Tank Institute, 728 Anthony Trail, NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 1994 edition. Northbrook, IL 60062. NFPA 325, Guide to Fire Hazard Properties ofFlammable Liquids, Gases, sti-P~-1987, sti-P9 Specification and Manual for External Corrosion and Volatile Solids, 1994 edition. Prote~t.ion of Underground Steel Storage Tanks. NFPA 430, Codefor the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers, 1995 C-1.2.6 ULC Publication. Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 edition. Grouse Road, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada. C-1.2 Other Publications. ULC-S603.1 M, Standard for Galvanic CorrosionProtection Systemsfor Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and CombustibleLiquids, 1982. C-1.2.1 API Publications. American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DG 20005. 446