The Geology of the Kingston Area

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The Geology of the Kingston Area PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANIA, VOLUME l02-PART II THE GEOLOGY OF THE KINGSTON AREA By GILLIAN C. PAXTON University oj Tasmania (With five text figures and one plate) ABSTRACT Drainage is related to faults and lithological In the Kingston-Blackmans Bay area, flatly boundaries (see Fig. 1), and to the permeability of dipping Permian marine sediments ranging in age the underlying rocks (Farmer, 1963). Streams from the Quamby Group (Upper Sakmarian) to flow either east to Kingston Beach, often as tribu­ the Ferntree Mudstone (Kazanian) are overlain, taries to Browns River, or into North-West Bay. with slight angular discordance, by terrestrial Tri­ Mountain tract streams flowing east from Bonnet assic sandstone. The sedimentary rocks have been Hill are deep and steep-sided and end as small, intruded by Jurassic dolerite in the form of sills cliff waterfalls on the coast. and transgressive sheets. Tertiary faulting, pro­ ducing an approximately north-south parallelism STRATIGRAPHY of large-scale structures, preceded volcanic activity Permian System in which basalt flows covered much of the area. Lower Permian Sediments INTRODUCTION The oldest rock identified in the area outcrops along the Margate Road opposite the Howden Road The area mapped lies between Bonnet Hill to the turnoff. It contains Pseudosyrinx, a fossil which north and Flowerpot Point to the south and suggests correlation with the top of the Quamby extends westwards from the coast as far as the Group or lower part of the Golden VaJley Group powerline which supplies power to the Electrona (Upper Sakmarian). Other fossils identified from Carbide Works. This area of approximately 10 this locality are Eurydesma cordatum (sp. 85018)', square miles includes the townships of Kingston, Keeneia twelvetreesi (sp. 85016), Astartila pusilla Kingston Beach and BIackmans Bay. Soil types (sp. 85019), Stenopora johstoni, Calcitornella and have been mapped by Loveday (955)'. Grantonia n. sp. (sp. 89154). Peruvisprira elegans, Lithological boundaries were mapped onto aerial Keeneia ? ocula and AstartiZa cf. pusilla were found photographs in the field, then transferred to a in the first road cutting north of the Howden Road 1000 feet to the inch -base map produced by the turnoff (see sp. 89161). The rock is a mUdstone Southern Metropolitan Master PIanning Authority with irregular bands up to 1 m. thick of dark in 1958. outcrop is good in cliff sections along the greenish grey, less fossiliferous siltstone in the coast, but inland it is very poor. lower parts of the section. The author thanks the staff of the Geology Between the latter rocks -and the overlying Department, especiaHy Mr M. R. Banks, for help­ Grange Mudstone occur approximately 100 m. of ful discussion and assistance in mineral and fossil fossiliferous, marine sandstones and siltstones. identifications. Valuable help was given by B. Outcrop is poor and accurate thicknesses cannot Palmer, A. Hinch, G. Loftus-Hills and M. Sugden be obtained. The sequence includes fenestellid with field work. siltstones; siltstones containing numerous marine fossils such as Stenoporaand Strophalosia; a fine PHYSIOGRAPHY sandstone very rich in ostracodes with foraminIfera Relief is largely controlled by lithology (see (e.g., Frondicularia) and fragments of brachiopods; Fig. 1). To the west, hills composed of Permian and a siltstone containing pelecypods (sPP. 85020, sediments intruded by Jurassic dolerite rise to 900 85022). A Strophalosia species also present in the feet. Bonnet Hill, capped by resistant dolerite, rises Lewis Point <Siltstone, the Brumby Marl, the Dar­ steeply to a height of 700 feet within Ii miles from lington Limestone and the Golden Valley Group the coast. This terrain contrasts with the undulat­ (all Lower Permian), was found on the hill 30 m. ing sandy hills on Triassic sandstone and the above the Howden Road turnoff. Stenopora crinita gentle hill slopes produced by basalt flows. (sp. 85020); Schuchertella (sP. 85021); Peruvispira trijilata (sp. 85023); Stophalosia n. sp. and a frag­ The coastline, consisting of steep cliffs of Per­ ment probably of Aviculopecten tenuicollis (sp. mian sediments, broken by resistant dolerite head­ 89156) ; Protoretepora ampla, Ingelarella cf. ingelar­ lands and two gently curved beaches, is controlled ensis, 'Spirijer' convolutus, Gilledia ulladullensis, by the Tertiary fault pattern which is responsible Streblopteria sp., Astartila n. sp. cf. pusilla and for the Derwent Graben (Banks, 1958a). Lithology Camptocrinus sp. (sp. 89157), were also present at and the dominant directions of faults and joints this locality. Although these individual fossils are allow the formation of sea caves, pebble beaches, not stratigraphically significant, the fossil suite is a small stack on Flowerpot Point, the Blackmans Bay Blowhole and approximately horizontal rock • Numbers refer to specimens in the collection of the Geology platforms twenty to thirty feet wide. Department, University of Tasmania. 31 32 THE GEOLOGY OF THE KINGSTON AREA characteristic of the Branxtofi Sub-group of New band of fine sandstone, probably belonging to the South Wales. Malbina Formation. The Lower Permian section appears to be un­ Although the western Parks Hill section is faulted 'and to conformably underlie the Grange atypical of the Grange Mudstone it is correlated Mudstone. It should therefore correspond to the with this formation for the following reasons:­ Faulkner Group. However, the Faulkner Group in Sandstone and fine granule conglomerates near the the Hobart area, for example at Porters Hill. is top of the Grange sequence have been reported from deltaic whereas these sediments are marine. At South Arm by Green (1961); although on Parks Snug the Snug Mudstone is thought to be a marine Hill the sandstone beds are lithologically similar equivalent of the Mersey Group, to which the to those of the Malbina Formation, they are inter­ Faulkner Group belongs (Banks, 1962a, p. 205). bedded with Grange-type fenestellid-rich siltstone; Thus it is probable that the shoreline at the time the fossil assemblage is characteristic of ,the Grange of deposition of the Faulkner Group was between Mudstone. Hobart and Kingston. A belt of very poorly exposed sediments north On the hill to the east of (5128, 7071) a section of Parks Hill and west of the North-West Bay much more similar to the usual Grange Mudstone Fault have been tentatively mapped as Lower is exposed. The characteristic rock is a yellowish Permian. However, recent palaeontologie 'and strati­ grey siltstone with some calcareous fossil fragments graphic work by the Department of Mines in Hobart and a cherty appearance, presumably due to meta­ morphism by underlying Jurassic dolerite. Many indicates that this is part of the Malbina Formation. beds are composed mainly of shell fragments, often concentrated near the top of the bed (e.g., sp. 849). Grange Mudstone Quartz grains and a few mica ftakes (both up to The Grange Mudstone is over 60 m. thick. The 5 mm. long) are present. In contrast to the west­ exact thickness at Kingston cannot be deduced ern section, some pectens (including Aviculopecten due to a fault between the exposure of the basal tenuicoUis and Deltopecten subquinquelineatus, sp. beds and the top of the most complete section­ 891'58) are found. Fenestellids are common and that on Parks Hill-where a block of Grange Mud­ again are concentrated in layers. Fossils are less stone has been uplifted by the Jurassic dolerite. abundant in the lower parts of the section. Although an attempt was made to measure a section along the track from (5127, 7071) to Malbina Siltstone and Sandstone (5133, 7066) exposure is not sufficient for this There is little outcrop of the Malbina Formation measurement to show up more than gross differ­ in the area which was mapped. The small section ences along the saddle. Because of these differences of this formation on Parks Hill (5127, 7071) is a a fault has ,been postulated which passes up the poorly-sorted, fine sandstone containing mica grains valley in a roughly north-south direction. and quartzite fragments (sp. 855). The sand grains The name 'Grange Mudstone' seems unsuitable are sub-angular with a fairly high sphericity. here where the succession inoludes several sand­ (S/R =0.7/0.5). grade beds, especially near the top. The name 'Grange Formation' would be more suitable. To Risdon Sandstone illustrate this point, the main features of the 16 m. No Risdon 'Sandstone was found in the area, but section measured to the west of (5128, 7071) on to the north of the cliffs below Taronga it outcrops Parks Hill will be described below. as a sandstone formation 3 to 4 m. thick which The ,basal 3 m. consists of a coarse, very poorly overlies the Malbina Formation and underlies the sorted rock containing 20-30% of quartzitic rock Ferntree Mudstone. In weathering features and fragments up to 4 cm. long and some mica flakes general appearance this rock (e.g., sp. 857) is « 1%), (sp. 8,47). The matrix (70%) is a fine similar to the Triassic sandstones. However, it sand with an average sphericity of 0.7 and round­ can be distinguished by its small thickness, strati­ ness of 0.3 (Krumbein and Sloss, 1958, p. 81). The graphic position and poor sorting. rock is poorly bedded and jointed and is fairly brittle. The only fossils seen were a few fenestellids Ferntree Mudstone near the ,base. Overlying this unit is approximately The Ferntree Mudstone is overlain by Triassic 12 m. of a fairly well-sorted yellowish grey siltstone sandstone. Below Taronga it is underlain by the (sp. 843) containing < 1 % mica and quartz grains Risdon Sandstone, but the base of the Ferntree and usually < 1 % rock fragments (mainly quartz­ Mudstone is not exposed at Kingston. The thick­ ite). Parallel bands of polyzoans (especially ness of the type section at Ferntree is about 185 m. fenestellids), give an impression of bedding.
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