Recording a Multi-Track a Cappella Album
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From Isolation to Publication: Recording a Multi-Track A Cappella Album A Major Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute April 2011 Authored By: Gina Anne Roffo Advised by: John F. Delorey 1 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2 – BACKGROUND ............................................................................... 8 2.1 A CAPPELLA MUSIC ............................................................................................................. 8 2.2 TECHNOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 RECORDING MUSIC ............................................................................................................. 9 2.3.1 Recording A Cappella Music ...................................................................................................... 9 2.4 AESTHETICS ....................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 12 3.1 TIMELINE .......................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Projected Timeline ................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Actual Timeline ...................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 ORGANIZING A GROUP RECORDING PROJECT ..................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Gaining Support ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 Scheduling .............................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 PREPARATION ................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Arranging and Rehearsing ....................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Preparing for a session With the Recording Engineer ................................................................. 17 3.3.2 Preparing group members for a session ...................................................................................... 18 3.4 MULTI-TRACK RECORDING ............................................................................................... 19 3.5 POST-PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 20 3.6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................... 20 3.6.1 Choosing a Track List ............................................................................................................. 21 3.6.2 Licensing ................................................................................................................................ 21 3.6.3 Album title ............................................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS ...................................................................................... 22 COMPLETED TRACKS .............................................................................................................. 22 PICTURE OF ALBUM ART ......................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 24 5.1 PERSONAL EVALUATION .................................................................................................... 24 5.2 GROUP EVALUATION ......................................................................................................... 24 5.2.1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 28 APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX A – SCHEDULING TEMPLATE .................................................................................. 29 APPENDIX B – GOOGLE SPREADSHEET SCHEDULE EXAMPLE ................................................ 30 APPENDIX C – ARRANGEMENTS (LISTED IN ALBUM ORDER) ................................................... 31 F.1 Settle Down .............................................................................................................................. 31 F.2 Bulletproof ................................................................................................................................ 35 F.3 Surrounded ............................................................................................................................... 37 F.4 Ego ........................................................................................................................................... 40 F.5 Passionate Kisses ....................................................................................................................... 44 2 F.6 We All Need Saving .................................................................................................................. 47 F.7 Fading Like A Flower ................................................................................................................ 49 F.8 Teeth ........................................................................................................................................ 52 F.9 Who Knew ............................................................................................................................... 56 F.10 Kaleidoscope Heart .................................................................................................................. 61 3 Abstract This project was intended to produce an album for WPI’s all female a cappella group, Technichords, as well as create an outline of recommended procedure to be utilized to facilitate future projects. As the musical director of the group through the process, my role included arranging songs for the album and assuring preparedness before recording sessions. As a producer of the album, I was responsible for overseeing all recording sessions and working on the post-production of all of the tracks. 4 Acknowledgements 1. Featured on the Final Album: 1.1. Amanda Leigh Eaton ’11 – Soloist 1.2. Gina Roffo ’11 – Soloist – Arranger – Director – Producer 1.3. Lydia George ‘11 1.4. Kari Rehkugler ’12 – Soloist 1.5. Mary Clare McCorry ’12 – Soloist 1.6. Stephanie Post ’12 – Arranger 1.7. Caroline Concannon ’13 – Soloist 1.8. Elizabeth Riendeau ’13 – Soloist 1.9. Katelyn Puttre ‘14 1.10. Laura Sanford ’14 – Soloist 1.11. Melanie Waiter ‘14 1.12. Rebecca Draper ’14 – Soloist 2. Other Group Members 2.1. Katherine McKenna ‘10 2.2. Maura Craig ‘10 3. Production: 3.1. Jon Anderson ‘12 3.2. WPI Recording Club 3.3. Lauren Barreiro of The Vocal Company – Chief Producer 3.4. Angela Ugolini of The Vocal Company – Chief Sound Engineer 3.5. Mark Hines of The Vocal Company 3.6. Nick Lyons of The Vocal Company 4. Advising: 4.1. Professor John F. Delorey (Technichords) 4.2. Professor Richard Falco (WPI Recording Club) 5. Financing: 5.1. WPI Student Government Association (SGA) 5 Chapter 1 – Introduction This major qualifying project was intended to complete the Worcester Polytechnic Institute’s requirements for a Bachelor’s Degree in Humanities and Arts with a concentration in Music. The main goal of this project was to lead an a cappella group in the production of a studio recorded album using technology available on the Worcester Polytechnic Institute campus as well as some professional resources. The main deliverables for this project include a ten-track album and a written procedure – in the form of this report – to aid future groups in similar processes. Recording an album for an a cappella group (this project specifically focuses on an all-female group) can be a difficult undertaking, especially at an academically demanding university, such as WPI. The process can be time- consuming, expensive, and tedious. The following report will include recommendations to alleviate some of the more stressful aspects of the project and detail some of the best practices to follow when recording in he future. The primary goal of the project was to create a fully produced ten-track album for WPI’s Technichords, all female a cappella group. One year of work was required to create this album, though in the future, with the guidance of this report I estimate that it should take no longer than six months from start to finish. Recording and preparation started in March of 2010 through work with WPI’s Recording Club, in their on-campus studio. In October of 2010 the project was moved to the hands of professional a cappella studio, The Vocal Company, in order to meet the one