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Kwh/Yr) – Put All Living Room A/V Equipment, Except Cable Box, on Power Strip with Remote Switch

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Kwh/Yr) – Put All Living Room A/V Equipment, Except Cable Box, on Power Strip with Remote Switch Whole-House Idle Loads Surprising News & Info! TEKPark October 30, 2018 www.themarea.org 1 Speaker Line Up Mid‐Atlantic Renewable Energy Association (MAREA) is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, dedicated to educating and engaging the public and advocating for renewable energy production, energy efficiency and sustainable living. Vera Cole . Kurt Reinhart . Bill Hennessy . Jay Owen . Phil Jones 2 Terminology—just to be sure! . Energy and power are not the same thing. Electricity is a form of energy. Energy is measured in kWh (“kilowatt-hours”). We transform energy from one form to another to do things we want. For example, a lightbulb transforms electricity into light and heat. Power is measured in W or kW (Watts or kilowatts). The more powerful something is, the more energy it can transform. A100-W bulb is four times more powerful than a 25-W bulb. Similarly, a solar array transforms energy from the sun into electricity. How much electricity it will produce depends on the array’s power rating (W or kW) and how much incoming energy it gets from the sun. 3 Our Story . Have solar, wanted batteries. How many would I need? Then…where on earth is all this energy going?? . After years of efficiency efforts— – Home energy audit & performance improvements (sealed envelope, insulation) – Major remediation projects (bilco doors, fireplace) – Managing thermostats, turning things off when not using, etc. Did “experiment”… While we were away, house used 0.59 kWh/hr, or 5,168 kWh per year. About 21% of our annual total electricity consumption, for empty house loads. 4 NRDC Study Home Idle Load: Devices Wasting Huge Amounts of Electricity When Not in Active Use On average, nearly ¼ of electricity used by northern CA homes was for idle loads. may cost Americans $19 billion a year . equivalent to 50 large (500 MW) power plants . study used smart-meter data to identify hours of minimum power usage. 5 Whole House “Home-Idle” Loads 6 Our “whole house” idle loads Notes: All electric house, w electric car, power wheel chair, stair lift, mower Assuming 1 kW of PV produces 1,250 kWh per year in this region. (Roughly, one 300‐W panel for 0.042 kWh/hr of load.) 7 Smart meter data from PPL 8 Smart meter data from PECO 9 What is using all that energy? . Used Kill-A-Watt meter to spot check loads throughout the house. Took these steps (so far!) – Used extension cord to make it possible to unplug kitchen microwave when not in use (~50 kWh/yr) – Put all living room a/v equipment, except cable box, on power strip with remote switch. Turned cable box power saver mode “On”. (~200 kWh/yr) – Moved bathroom appliances to power strip: microwave, coffee maker, radio (~100 kWh/yr) – Disconnected dorm-sized fridge (~300 kWh/yr) – Put plasma television on power strip (~200 kWh/yr) – Total, roughly (very) 850 kWh/yr Whole house loads, however, remain insufficiently understood and addressed. Still figuring. 10 Cablebox “Power Saver” 11 To figure out next… . Refrigerator . Hot water heater . Well & sand mound pumps . Volt charger . Phone system . Alarm system . Dishwasher . Garage door openers . Stair lift battery charger . Recent battery chargers in garage (EGO equipment) . What else??? 12 From Jonathan… . Home energy monitor (Smappee) was projecting an annual refrigerator consumption of 900 kWh (@ 0.13c/kWh = $117) . I found that the coil was very dirty, but after carefully brushing and vacuuming the dust and dirt away. Smappee now projects an annual consumption of 347kWh (@ 0.13c/kWh = $49.00) . I’ve set a calendar reminder to perform a semi-annual cleaning. Per monitor, whole-house always-on loads are 780 kWh per year. 13 From Ray… . Unoccupied cabin in the Poconos . Breakers/Circuits ON: crawl space sump pump, septic system dosing pump, refrigerator, two 9-W LED outdoor front night lights on a timer, television, crawlspace dehumidifier . Breakers/Circuits OFF: hot water heater, well pump, stove, electric heat, internet modem and router . Hourly idle load, 0.40 kWh/hr. Annual idle loads, 3,504 kWh. 14 From Bill… . Known-on loads: charging two phones and one tablet; one night light; two land lines; two computers and a printer . Over two 7-hr periods, reading of 1 kWh. However, 1 kWh is smallest increment on meter. Based on 1 full kWh per 7 hours…idle loads are 0.14 kWh/hr or 1,250 kWh per year 15 From Mark… . 1.2 kWh for hours of midnight to 5 am . Total idle loads…0.24 kWh per hour, or 2,100 kWh per year 16 Summary of Shared Observations Hourly Idle Loads Annual Idle Loads 300-W Solar Module (kWh/hr) (kWh/year) Equivalence 0.37 3,241 9 0.59 5,168 14 0.09 780 2 0.40 3,504 10 0.14 1,250 3 0.24 2,102 6 17 IDLE LOADS Kurt Reinhart October 30, 2018 PASSIVE/ACTIVE SOLAR DESIGN • Ranch style • Orientated 15° East of true South • Air tight construction (as much as possible) • Heat recovery ventilation ‐ HRV • Highly Insulated: – Subslab ‐ R20; 4” styrofoam under slab – Walls ‐ R40; 6” SIPs with urethane foam – Ceiling ‐ R80; 24” blown in cellulose • 8.4 kW solar array on roof: 33 panels @ 255W ea • Triple glazed, argon filled windows north and west • Double glazed windows south with Cardinal 181 coating • Approaching Net Zero performance METHOD • I don’t have a Smart Meter so I can not download data from MET‐ED • I recorded my meter readings 3 ways: – Took readings before and after a one week vacation in August; turned off everything I normally turn off when leaving for an extended period; – Took readings before and after a one month period while we were home; and, – Took readings while away for a weekend but turned off everything I could think of. CALCULATIONS • Solar generation = ending solar meter reading minus starting solar meter reading from solar meter; • Consumption = ending consumption reading minus starting consumption reading from utility meter; • Excess solar generation = ending excess reading minus starting excess reading from utility meter; and, • Actual consumption = Consumption + Solar Generation minus Excess Solar Generation • Hourly Consumption = Actual consumption ÷ hours in period IDLE LOAD SOURCES ALWAYS ON OPTIONALLY OFF Refrigerator Well & rainwater pumps Freezer Septic system pump Heat pump water heater Radon fan Computer modem/router Home Security System TV, TV modem, stereo Plant lights and fan Printer Microwave Clock radios Night lights Computer Echo Dot ITEMS TURNED OFF WITH EACH TEST OCCUPIED ‐ 36 days NOT OCCUPIED1 –5+ days NOT OCCUPIED2 –2 days NONE Heat Pump Water Heater Heat Pump Water Heater Heat Recovery Ventilator Heat Recovery Ventilator TV Stereo & Modem Computer Microwave Clock Radios ‐ 3 Printer Night Lights 1What we normally turn off when we’re not home. 2With additional things turned off/unplugged. RESULTS OCCUPIED NOT OCCUPIED NOT OCCUPIED1 Solar Generation 816 226 34 Consumption 560 23 11 Excess Generation 523 197 24 Hours in Period 860 124 50 Actual Consumption 853 52 21 Consumption/Hour 0.99 0.42 0.42 1Long weekend with additional items turned off. CONCLUSIONS • My idle load is 42% of my total usage –YIKES! • My occupied usage at 0.99 KWH/hour extrapolates to 738 KWH per month. MET‐ED shows a 780 KWH monthly average. • Interestingly, I saw no difference in the two unoccupied tests – Slide 8. • Also these tests were performed in August & September with no heat running and very little air conditioning. Results could be very different if repeated in January/February. • I would like to think the idle load is high because the house is very efficient and doesn’t use much electricity even when occupied In areas requiring a ground‐fault interruption circuit (GFCI), a combination switch with receptacle offers more outlets, but single GFCI combo switches are available if space is limited. Wiring options for GFCI combo receptacle Extra requirements for 240v appliances You’ll need to use a double‐pole switch that can handle the voltage and amperage of the appliance. Most dryers and built‐in ovens require a double‐pole, 240v circuit rated at 30 amps. It’s a little easier to wire if you use a two‐gang box. Home Electricity Conservation Kits (for libraries) Each kit includes: . “Kill-a-Watt” meter . extension cord . book, “Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings” (New Society Publishers, 2007) . book, “Pennsylvania Homeowner’s Guide to Solar Electricity” (MAREA, 2009) . directions for “Kill-a-watt” meter use . worksheets for results and calculations . five postcards for evaluation returns Materials are contained within a sturdy carrying bag. 32 Conservation Kit Workshop Goals Participants will: . understand “phantom load” . learn watt-meter use . calculate appliance operating costs . learn to complete a home electricity audit . identify strategies to reduce electricity consumption . be introduced to the benefits of solar electricity Nolde Forest Environmental Education Center 2910 New Holland Road, Reading PA 19607-9448 Phone 610-796-3699 FAX 610-796-3698 [email protected] 33 Phantom Loads Things that Go Bang in the Morning Philip Jones https://myelitedetail.us/clipart/drawn‐bat_1631877.html Radon Fan • 24/7/365 • Unit installed 12 years = 81 Watts • 706 kWh/year (0.6 solar panel) • New unit ECM • Unit = 45W • 395 kWh/year (0.3 solar panel) • Savings = 311 kWh/year ($37/year) • Fan cost = $140 • 4 (7) yr payback ‐ self‐install (or not) Context • No solar generation • All‐electric (no gas or oil) • Heat Pump heated and cooled • Heat Pump‐hybrid water heater • 87% LED/CFL/FL Lights • Mostly ENERGY STAR Appliances • Two adults, no pets Method • PPL Smart Meter (combo of 15 min, Hourly) • Minimum Intervals • Average at mid‐day(s) of vacations • Follow‐up Kill‐A‐Watt measures of Individual Loads Idle Load Consumption Lowest Hourly Average Hourly Usage, from Smart Usage on Vacation Meter Data (excl.
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