“Recent Fifth Circuit Opinions and Their Ethical Implications” [July 29, 1999 - June 14, 2000]
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“RECENT FIFTH CIRCUIT OPINIONS AND THEIR ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS” [JULY 29, 1999 - JUNE 14, 2000] F. R. (BUCK) FILES, JR. Bain, Files, Jarrett & Bain, P.C. 109 West Ferguson Tyler, Texas 75702 903-595-3573 Fax 903-597-7322 [email protected] Quote of the Year “This is a classic case of a judge making a mountain out of a molehill.” In Re Douglas C. Greene, ___F.3d___, 2000 WL 691272 (5th Cir. 2000), Vacating the sanctions award imposed by Hon. John McBryde ANNUAL ADVANCED CRIMINAL LAW COURSE 2000 July 17-20, 2000 San Antonio, Texas Chapter 37 Chapter 37 Recent Fifth Circuit Opinions... Table of Contents I. Introduction ....................................................... 1 A. Preface to the Paper ........................................ 1 B. Goal and Scope of the Paper ................................... 1 C. What’s in This Paper ........................................ 1 D. What’s Not in This Paper ..................................... 2 E. Form of the Paper .......................................... 2 F. Icons ................................................... 2 G. The Appendices ........................................... 2 II. The Pending Fifth Circuit Review Case .................................... 2 A. Constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) .......................... 2 1. United States v. Emerson (5th Cir. #99-10331) ..................... 2 THE PROBLEM: 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) -- constitutionality .......... 2 III. The Appeals Cases ................................................. 4 A. The Record on Appeal ....................................... 4 1. United States v. Thibodeaux, 211 F.3d 910 (5th Cir. 2000) ............. 4 THE PROBLEM: Appeal by the government -- approval to proceed under 18 U.S.C. § 3472(b) [This is a case of semi-first impression.] ....................................... 4 2. United States v. Gieger, 190 F.3d 661 (5th Cir. 1999) ................ 5 THE PROBLEM: Appeal -- incomplete record on appeal ............ 5 B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel on Appeal ......................... 6 1. United States v. Williamson, 183 F.3d 458 (5th Cir. 1999) ............. 6 THE PROBLEM: Appeal -- ineffective assistance of counsel (failure to cite directly controlling precedent) ................. 6 2. United States v. Phillips, 210 F.3d 345 (5th Cir. 2000) ................ 8 THE PROBLEM: Appeal -- ineffective assistance of counsel (failure to raise a meritorious appellate issue) ................. 8 3. United States v. Castano, 211 F.3d 871 (5th Cir. 2000) ............... 10 THE PROBLEM: Appeal -- ineffective assistance of counsel (failure to appeal) .................................. 10 IV. The Pending En Banc Cases .......................................... 12 A. Interstate Commerce ....................................... 12 1. United States v. Cisneros, 194 F. 3d 626 (5th Cir. 1999) .............. 13 THE PROBLEM: Interstate commerce -- telephone calls from Mexico to Texas [This is a case of first impression.] ........... 13 2. United States v. Marek, 198 F.3d 532 (5th Cir. 1999) ............... 15 THE PROBLEM: Interstate commerce -- intrastate transfer of funds via Western Union [This is a case of first impression.] .... 15 B. “Simulated Lascivious Exhibition” .............................. 16 1. United States v. Reinhart, 190 F.3d 290 (5th Cir. 1999) .............. 16 THE PROBLEM: 18 U.S.C. § 2256(2)(E) -- “simulated lascivious exhibition” [This is a case of first impression.] ............... 16 V. The Specific Statutes Cases ........................................... 19 A. 18 U.S.C. § 844(i) ......................................... 19 1. United States v. Johnson, 194 F.3d 657 (5th Cir. 1999) .............. 19 i Recent Fifth Circuit Opinions... Chapter 37 THE PROBLEM: Interstate commerce -- sufficient nexus to support the defendant’s plea of guilty ..................... 19 B. 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1) ...................................... 21 1. United States v. Olaniyi-Oke, 199 F.3d 767 (5th Cir. 1999) ............ 21 THE PROBLEM: 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1) -- “promotion” or “concealment” .................................... 21 C. 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) ....................................... 22 1. United States v. Ramos-Garcia, 184 F.3d 463 (5th Cir. 1999) .......... 22 THE PROBLEM: 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) -- knowledge of the marijuana ........................................ 22 D. 21 U.S.C. § 861(a)(2) ....................................... 23 1. United States v. Cyprian, 197 F.3d 736 (5th Cir. 1999) .............. 23 THE PROBLEM: 21 U.S.C. § 861(a)(2) -- “use of a child” [This is a case of first impression.] ....................... 23 E. 8 U.S.C. § 1326 .......................................... 25 1. United States v. Angeles-Mascote, 206 F.3d 529 (5th Cir. 2000) ......... 25 THE PROBLEM: 8 U.S.C. § 1326 -- “being found in” the United States [This is a case of first impression.] ................... 25 VI. The Confession Case ............................................... 26 A. The Interpreter’s Participation ................................ 26 1. United States v. Martinez-Gaytan, ___F.3d___, 2000 WL 719595 (5th Cir. June 5, 2000) ................................ 26 THE PROBLEM: Confessions -- translator’s absence from a suppression hearing [This is a case of first impression.] ......... 26 VII. The Search Cases ................................................ 28 A. Continued Detention After a Legitimate Justification for a Traffic Stop Had Ended ............................................. 28 1. United States v. Dortch, 199 F.3d 193 (5th Cir. 1999) ............... 28 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- continued detention after a legitimate justification for traffic stop had ended ............ 28 B. The “Collective Knowledge” Doctrine ............................ 31 1. United States v. Ibarra-Sanchez, 199 F.3d 753 (5th Cir. 1999) .......... 31 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- the “collective knowledge” doctrine ......................................... 31 C. The “Independent Source” Doctrine ............................. 33 1. United States v. Grosenheider, 200 F.3d 321 (5th Cir. 2000) ........... 33 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- the “independent source” doctrine ......................................... 33 D. The Good Faith Exception to the Exclusionary Rule ..................................................... 36 1. United States v. Cherna, 184 F.3d 403 (5th Cir. 1999) ............... 36 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule ........................ 36 E. Inventory Searches ........................................ 38 1. United States v. Lage, 183 F.3d 374 (5th Cir. 1999) ................ 38 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- the inventory search ........ 38 F. Border Searches .......................................... 40 1. United States v. Zapata-Ibarra, ___F.3d___, 2000 WL 650017 (5th Cir. May 19, 2000) .................................. 40 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- border searches ii Chapter 37 Recent Fifth Circuit Opinions... (24 miles from the border) ............................. 40 2. United States v. Orozco, 191 F.3d 578 (5th Cir. 1999) ............... 42 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- border searches (200-300 miles from the border) ......................... 42 3. United States v. Morales, 191 F.3d 602 (5th Cir. 1999) .............. 44 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- border searches (150 miles from the border) ............................ 44 4. United States v. Chavez-Chavez, 205 F.3d 145 (5th Cir. 2000) .......... 45 THE PROBLEM: Search and seizure -- border searches (150-160 miles from the border) ......................... 46 VIII. The Plea Agreement and Use Immunity Agreement Cases ..................... 47 A. Breach of a Plea Agreement by the Government ..................... 48 1. United States v. Saling, 205 F.3d 764 (5th Cir. 2000) ................ 48 THE PROBLEM: Plea agreements -- breach by the government ...... 48 B. Breach of a Use Immunity Agreement by the Defendant ................ 49 1. United States v. Cantu, 185 F.3d 298 (5th Cir. 1999) ................ 49 THE PROBLEM: Use immunity agreements -- breach by the defendant ........................................ 49 IX. The Rule 11 Cases ................................................ 50 A. Judicial Participation in Plea Negotiations ......................... 51 1. United States v. Rodriguez, 197 F.3d 156 (5th Cir. 1999) ............. 51 THE PROBLEM: Rule 11 -- judicial participation in plea negotiations ...................................... 51 B. Failure to Inquire as to Waiver of Appeal ......................... 52 1. United States v. Robinson, 187 F.3d 516 (5th Cir. 1999) .............. 53 THE PROBLEM: Rule 11 -- failure to inquire as to waiver of appeal ........................................ 53 C. Failure to Advise as to the Punishment Range ...................... 53 1. United States v. Vasquez-Bernal, 197 F.3d 169 (5th Cir. 1999) ......... 54 THE PROBLEM: Rule 11 -- failure to advise as to punishment range ........................................... 54 D. Failure to Advise as to Restitution .............................. 55 1. United States v. Glinsey, 209 F.3d 386 (5th Cir. 2000) ............... 55 THE PROBLEM: Rule 11 -- failure to advise as to restitution ........ 55 E. Failure to Inquire as to the Voluntariness of the Plea ................. 56 1. United States v. Smith, 184 F.3d 415 (5th Cir. 1999) ................ 56 THE PROBLEM: Rule 11 -- failure to inquire as to the voluntariness of the plea .............................. 56 X. The Deportation