PLANT of the WEEK Helminthostachys Zeylanica

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PLANT of the WEEK Helminthostachys Zeylanica

PLANT OF THE WEEK 6th week 22-12-2014 Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.– A beautiful flowering fern Botanical Name Uses Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. Synonyms Whole plant is widely used as a traditional medicine against various human diseases . Osmunda zeylanica L. Botrychium zeylanicum (L.) Swartz Rhizome: The rhizome is used as a tonic and also for treating a fever, syphilis, diarrhea, flu and also Helminthostachys dulcis Kaulfuss useful to increase one’s sexual drive. Ophiala zelyanica (L.) Desvaux Rhizome used in dysentery, catarrah, sciatica, malaria and also as a tonic and mild aperients. The Family whole plant is useful for regain impotency. Powder of rhizome is useful to treat spermatorrhoea and in Ophioglossaceae favour of improving memory power. Local Name The portion of rhizome is cleaned properly with water, crushed and English: Flowering fern, Kamraj, A mature Sporophore deeply boiled along with cow’s milk and to prepare the decoction Tukod langit with black pepper (Piper nigrum) useful to cure leucorrhea. Paste Bengali : Ekbir Description made from rhizomes of Helminthostachys zeylanica, Chlorophytum tuberosum and roots of Bombax ceiba is used to cure waist pain. Kannada : Kertsawang Habit : Plants medium sized, terrestrial, Sanskrit : Akar tunjuk langit, evergreen. Frond : The leaves were dried and smoked to treat bleeding nose. Akar paku, Jelai The fronds are useful in aperients, intoxicant anodyne and used in Rhizome: The rhizome of this annual plant sciatica. Leaf juice relieves blisters on tongue and rhizomes are used Habitat short, creeping, underground and stout; It occurs in edges of marshes in dorsiventral with fronds in two rows on dorsal to treat impotency and jaundice. deciduous forest and low elevations. side; glabrous; root thick. Distribution Frond: - Fronds usually single at rhizome India, Sri Lanka, Malay Peninsular, apex, 20 – 60 cm tall; stipe base sheath ca.1 Source China, Japan, Philippines, Solomon cm; common stipe fleshy, glabrous; sterile Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea, lamina ternate with basal pinnae divided into 3 Ambasta, S .P (1986): The useful plants of India, CSIR, New Delhi. Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, to 4 pinnules; pinnules lanceolate, base Jain, S.K. (1991): Dictionary of Indian Medicine and Ethnobotany. Deep Publ. New Delhi. Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and decurrent, margin irregularly toothed, apex Pacific islands. acute. Joshi B., Ecology and Medicinal Uses of Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. “An endangered flora of India” reported at Foothills of Kumaun Himalaya (Kashipur), Uttarakhand, Researcher., 3(4) 2011. Fertile time: October– December Sporophore: - Sporophore attached at base Saxsena, H.O. & Brahmam, M. (1994). The Flora of Orissa, Vol. IV, pp: 2550- of sterile lamina, spike like, cylindrical; 2551 sporangia globose, born in pseudo-whorls on www.envis.frlht.org Conservation Status radially arranged stalked clusters interspersed www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki / Helminthostachys_zeylanica Endangered with small sterile projections. .

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Ophioglossales)
Acta Box. Neerl. 29 (2/3), May 1980, p. 199-202. Observations on Helminthostachys Kaulfuss (Ophioglossales) 1 2 H.K. GoswamiI and Sharda Khandelwal Department of Botany, Government Science College, Gwalior, M. P. India SUMMARY New observations on the fern genus Helminthostachys Kaulfuss (Ophioglossales) are presented. Tetrarchy ofthe stele in the root is confirmed. The stomata in Helminthostachysare similar tothose in Ophioglossum palmatum.The unusual structure of the vegetative laciniae found at the distal end of In each sporangiophore is again emphasized. the rhizomes the presence of a periderm could be demonstrated. 1. INTRODUCTION Kaulfuss is of the in the Helminthostachys a monotypic genus Ophioglossales eusporangiate ferns. H. zeylanica is found in Ceylon, India, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, China, Japan, Australia, Philippines, New Caledonia, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Beddome 1892, Eames 1936, Panigrahi & Dixit 1969). Numerous workers have made morphological and anatomical studies on the Farmer & Freeman Gwynne- genus (Prantl 1883, Boodle 1899, 1899, Vaughan 1902, Lang 1915, Bower 1926, 1935, Ogura 1938, 1972, Nishida 1956); they have mostly emphasized its similarity to Botrychum Schwarz and Ophioglossum L., despite the significant differences in the fertile spikes of the three genera. is difficult offer of the of It as yet to a morphological explanation rosette vegetative laciniae produced by the sporangiophore, a structure which is unique in the entire plant kingdom (Scott 1923, Bower 1926, 1935) although they are believed to be comparable to growths found in the carboniferous fern Botryo- pteris (Sporne 1970, Bierhorst 1971). this based andanatomical studies the its In paper, on morphological on genus, uniqueness is reemphasized and the suggestion is made that an extensive com- is this parative study needed ofspecimens of monotypic pteridophyte genusfrom different because variables localities, particularly some phenotypic may be sug- gestive of genetic and/or adaptive changes.
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Conservation Status of the Endemic Fern Mankyua Chejuense (Ophioglossaceae) on Cheju Island, Republic of Korea
Oryx Vol 38 No 2 April 2004 Short Communication Conservation status of the endemic fern Mankyua chejuense (Ophioglossaceae) on Cheju Island, Republic of Korea Chul Hwan Kim Abstract Mankyua chejuense, a fern endemic to Cheju Endangered on the IUCN Red List. For conservation Island, Republic of Korea, which lies 120 km south of the of the species it needs to be included on the national Korean Peninsula, appears to be restricted to five extant threatened species list, and its habitat designated as subpopulations in the north-east of the Island, with a an ecological reserve. Intensive surveys are required total population of c. 1,300 individuals. Major threats to in order to establish whether there are any other extant the existence of the species include shifting cultivation, subpopulations of the species, and the presently known plantation, overuse of basaltic rocks that are part of the subpopulations require long-term monitoring and continuous protection. species’ microhabitat, farming and pasturage, and the construction of roads and golf courses in lowland areas. Keywords Cheju Island, Critically Endangered, The information currently available for the species endemic, fern, Mankyua chejuense, Ophioglossaceae, indicates that it should be categorized as Critically Republic of Korea. The 1,824 km2 Cheju Island is located 140 km south of the number of individuals. In this paper I report an approxi- Korean Peninsula. It is of volcanic origin and the highest mate total count of M. chejuense, examine its conservation peak, Halla Mountain, rises to an altitude of 1,950 m. The status, identify factors threatening the species’ survival, island has three main landscape types: lowland areas and propose an IUCN Red List status for the species.
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(OUV) of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area
Handout 2 Natural Heritage Criteria and the Attributes of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area The notes that follow were derived by deconstructing the original 1988 nomination document to identify the specific themes and attributes which have been recognised as contributing to the Outstanding Universal Value of the Wet Tropics. The notes also provide brief statements of justification for the specific examples provided in the nomination documentation. Steve Goosem, December 2012 Natural Heritage Criteria: (1) Outstanding examples representing the major stages in the earth’s evolutionary history Values: refers to the surviving taxa that are representative of eight ‘stages’ in the evolutionary history of the earth. Relict species and lineages are the elements of this World Heritage value. Attribute of OUV (a) The Age of the Pteridophytes Significance One of the most significant evolutionary events on this planet was the adaptation in the Palaeozoic Era of plants to life on the land. The earliest known (plant) forms were from the Silurian Period more than 400 million years ago. These were spore-producing plants which reached their greatest development 100 million years later during the Carboniferous Period. This stage of the earth’s evolutionary history, involving the proliferation of club mosses (lycopods) and ferns is commonly described as the Age of the Pteridophytes. The range of primitive relict genera representative of the major and most ancient evolutionary groups of pteridophytes occurring in the Wet Tropics is equalled only in the more extensive New Guinea rainforests that were once continuous with those of the listed area.
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Morphological Variations of Fertile Spike in Helminthostachys Zeylanica (L.) Hook
HACQUETIA 11/2 • 2012, 271–275 DOi: 10.2478/v10028-012-0007-0 MorphologIcAl vAriatIons of fertIle spike In HelmintHostacHys zeylanica (l.) hooK Tapas K. CHaKRabORTy1,2,*, Sandip Dev CHauDHuRi2 & Jayanta CHOuDHuRy2 Abstract The evolutionary history of Ophioglossaceae is enigmatic mainly because fossils of the family trace back only from the earliest Tertiary. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Helminthostachys is sister to the broadly defined Botrychium. Generally the sporophore of Botrychium is a pinnately compound, whereas it is simple in Hel- minthostachys. Here examples of different Helminthoistachys are represented which show double or triple spikes with some variations. Plants showing variations in their spike morphology are also grown normally. Variations of Helminthostachys spike morphology indicate a tendency to form a compound sporophore structure and in that way have a strong relationship with Botrychium. Key words: Helminthostachys zeylanica, pteridophyte, Ophioglossaceae, fertile spike. Izvleček: Evolucijski razvoj družine kačjejezikovk (Ophioglossaceae) je precej skrivnosten, saj prve fosilne ostanke pred- stavnikov družine najdemo šele iz zgodnjega terciarja. Filogenetske raziskave kažejo, da je monotipični rod Helminthostachys sestrski sicer širše definiranemu rodu mladomesečin (Botrychium). Na splošno je fertilni ali plodni del sporotrofofila pri rodu Botrychium pernato deljen, medtem ko je pri rodu Helminthostachys valjast in enostaven. V študiji so predstavljeni različni osebki vrste Helminthostachys zeylanica z enim ali več plodnimi izrastki. Osebki, ki kažejo na variacijo v obliki trosnih izrastkov rastejo v naravnem okolju. Različna morfologija plodnega-trosnega dela sporotrofofila pri rodu Helminthostachys nakazuje tendenco k tvorbi pernato deljenih trosnih izrastkov, kar je znak sorodnosti omenjenega rodu z rodom Botrychium. Ključne besede: Helminthostachys zeylanica, praprotnice, Ophioglossaceae, plodni izrastek.
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Fern Classification
16 Fern classification ALAN R. SMITH, KATHLEEN M. PRYER, ERIC SCHUETTPELZ, PETRA KORALL, HARALD SCHNEIDER, AND PAUL G. WOLF 16.1 Introduction and historical summary / Over the past 70 years, many fern classifications, nearly all based on morphology, most explicitly or implicitly phylogenetic, have been proposed. The most complete and commonly used classifications, some intended primar• ily as herbarium (filing) schemes, are summarized in Table 16.1, and include: Christensen (1938), Copeland (1947), Holttum (1947, 1949), Nayar (1970), Bierhorst (1971), Crabbe et al. (1975), Pichi Sermolli (1977), Ching (1978), Tryon and Tryon (1982), Kramer (in Kubitzki, 1990), Hennipman (1996), and Stevenson and Loconte (1996). Other classifications or trees implying relationships, some with a regional focus, include Bower (1926), Ching (1940), Dickason (1946), Wagner (1969), Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1972), Holttum (1973), and Mickel (1974). Tryon (1952) and Pichi Sermolli (1973) reviewed and reproduced many of these and still earlier classifica• tions, and Pichi Sermolli (1970, 1981, 1982, 1986) also summarized information on family names of ferns. Smith (1996) provided a summary and discussion of recent classifications. With the advent of cladistic methods and molecular sequencing techniques, there has been an increased interest in classifications reflecting evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic studies robustly support a basal dichotomy within vascular plants, separating the lycophytes (less than 1 % of extant vascular plants) from the euphyllophytes (Figure 16.l; Raubeson and Jansen, 1992, Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Pryer et al., 2001a, 2004a, 2004b; Qiu et al., 2006). Living euphyl• lophytes, in turn, comprise two major clades: spermatophytes (seed plants), which are in excess of 260 000 species (Thorne, 2002; Scotland and Wortley, Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycopliytes, ed.
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A Review on the Potential Uses of Ferns M
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OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 1. BOTRYCHIUM Swartz, J. Bot
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Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 252 (2018) 77–85 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Taxonomic significance of morphological characters of spores in the family Ophioglossaceae (Psilotopsida) Natalia Olejnik a,⁎, Zbigniew Celka a,PiotrSzkudlarza, Myroslav V. Shevera b a Department of Plant Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań,Poland b Department of Systematics and Floristic of Vascular Plants, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine article info abstract Article history: Primary and secondary ornamentation of spores of ferns of the family Ophioglossaceae are important characters, Received 16 September 2017 used in the taxonomy of this group. Considering the small number of published data on those characters in the Received in revised form 7 February 2018 Ophioglossaceae from Central and Eastern Europe, this study aimed (1) to describe morphological characters Accepted 19 February 2018 of spores of Botrychium and Ophioglossum species and to assess their taxonomic significance; (2) to analyse var- Available online 21 February 2018 iation in spore size between and within species of these genera, based on specimens from various habitats and fi Keywords: geographic locations; and (3) to create a key to species identi cation based on the diagnostic characters of the Class Psilotopsida spore ornamentation. We examined spores of 6 species from 16 localities in Central and Eastern Europe. Results Key to species identification of cluster analysis based on morphological characters of spores indicate that the species form well-defined Morphology groups, partly reflecting the systematics of the Ophioglossaceae.
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The First Asian Plant Conservation Report
The Convention on Biological Diversity The First Asian Plant Conservation Report A Review of Progress in Implementing the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) Published by Chinese National Committee for DIVERSITAS (CNC- DIVERSITAS), Beijing, China Copyright: © 2010 Chinese National Committee for DIVERSITAS Resources: Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for release or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. This publication has been made possible by funding from CNC-DIVERSITAS Layout by: Bing Liu and Yinan Liu Produced by: Beijing Changhao Printing Co., Ltd. Citation: Keping Ma et al. (2010). The First Asian Plant Conservation Report. Beijing, China. 66pp. Available from: Secretariat of Chinese National Committee for DIVERSITAS Address: No.20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China Tel: 86-10-62836603 Fax: 86-10-82591781 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cncdiversitas.org/ Contents Forward by Dr. Peter H. Raven ………………………………………………………2 Forward by Ms. Aban Marker Kabraji …………………………………………………3 Preface …………………………………………………………………………………4 Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………6 Section 1: Brief introduction of GSPC …………………………………………………9 Section 2: Overview of Asia …………………………………………………………10 Section 3: Key features of plant diversity in Asia……………………………………11 Section
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Studies on the Cytology and Phylogeny of the Pteridophytes VI. Observations on the Ophioglossaceae
1958 291 Studies on the Cytology and Phylogeny of the Pteridophytes VI. Observations on the Ophioglossaceae C. A. Ninan Department of Botany, University College , Trivandrum, India Received January 24, 1958 Introduction The Ophioglossaceae is a "very distinctive and circumscribed family" of primitive megaphyllous Pteridophytes consisting of three living genera, Ophioglossum, Botrychium and Helminthostachys. Without any known fossil record and with very distinctive features, the three genera constitute a natural family, their common character being the possession of the fertile spike. This family enjoys world-wide distribution and consists of one hundred species (Carl Christensen 1905-1934), the monotypic Helmin thostachys being restricted to the Australian and Indo-Malayan regions. Bower (1926) recognizes 78 species in this family while Clausen (1938) reduces them to 50. The three genera are typically of the eusporangiate type and combine several points of interest in cytology, phylogeny and evolution. The genus Ophioglossum is typical of the family and is perhaps the most ancient of all living ferns. It consists of 56 species according to Christensen's index (Bower and Clausen recognize only 43 and 26 species respectively). Most of them are ground growing forms while two species, O. pendulum and O. palmatum are epiphytic. Over a dozen species are indigenous to India and are found distributed in a variety of habitats. Botrychium is represented by 43 species (Christensen 1905-1934). Bower and Clausen recognize 34 and 23 species respectively for this genus. In the tropics this genus is usually confined to higher elevations. The only species of the genus Helminthostachys (H. zeylanica) is usually found to occur in low lands or river sides which get inundated.
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A Classification for Extant Ferns
55 (3) • August 2006: 705–731 Smith & al. • Fern classification TAXONOMY A classification for extant ferns Alan R. Smith1, Kathleen M. Pryer2, Eric Schuettpelz2, Petra Korall2,3, Harald Schneider4 & Paul G. Wolf5 1 University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, U.S.A. [email protected] (author for correspondence). 2 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, U.S.A. 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stock- holm, Sweden. 4 Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Systematische Botanik, Georg-August- Universität, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. 5 Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5305, U.S.A. We present a revised classification for extant ferns, with emphasis on ordinal and familial ranks, and a synop- sis of included genera. Our classification reflects recently published phylogenetic hypotheses based on both morphological and molecular data. Within our new classification, we recognize four monophyletic classes, 11 monophyletic orders, and 37 families, 32 of which are strongly supported as monophyletic. One new family, Cibotiaceae Korall, is described. The phylogenetic affinities of a few genera in the order Polypodiales are unclear and their familial placements are therefore tentative. Alphabetical lists of accepted genera (including common synonyms), families, orders, and taxa of higher rank are provided. KEYWORDS: classification, Cibotiaceae, ferns, monilophytes, monophyletic. INTRODUCTION Euphyllophytes Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed a basal dichotomy within vascular plants, separating the lyco- Lycophytes Spermatophytes Monilophytes phytes (less than 1% of extant vascular plants) from the euphyllophytes (Fig.
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