NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 10 (2): 318-324 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2014 Article No.: 141202 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html

New and rare (Insecta: ) from

Dejan V. STOJANOVIĆ1,2, Srećko B. ĆURČIĆ3,*, Ljubiša Ž. STANISAVLJEVIĆ3 and Saša S. ORLOVIĆ1

1. Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of , Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, E-mail: [email protected] 2. Fruška Gora National Park, Zmajev Trg 1, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia 3. Institute of Zoology, University of - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author, S. Ćurčić, E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 6. July 2013 / Accepted: 10. January 2014 / Available online: 7. July 2014 / Printed: December 2014

Abstract. Data on 17 rare moth species from three superfamilies (, , and ) and five families (, , , , and Geometridae) are given in the present paper. One family (Heterogynidae), three genera ( Rambur, 1837, Knoch, 1783, and Cervyna Ronkay, Zilli & Fibiger, 2005), and six species [ (Hübner, 1819), ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), andereggii (Boisduval, 1840), Episema korsakovi (Christoph, 1885), Cervyna cervago (Eversmann, 1844), and Bryophila rectilinea (Warren, 1909)] are reported as new for the fauna of Serbia. The noctuid moth fauna of Serbia currently includes 572 species. Eleven moth species were recorded in low numbers at a few sites and are therefore reported as being very rare. The findings reported here are mostly the second or third records for the country. Four noctuid moth species (Mythimna andereggii, Episema korsakovi, Cervyna cervago, Bryophila rectilinea) are recommended to be included in the Red List of Serbian Noctuidae as vulnerable (VU) taxa according to IUCN criteria.

Key words: Lepidoptera, , new and rare species, fauna, Serbia.

Introduction tionally, the recently published provisional Red List of Serbian noctuid moths includes 223 species The and moth fauna of the Republic of considered to be under threat (around 40% of the Serbia is relatively well known, though intensive fauna) assessed according to IUCN criteria (Stoja- investigations are still being performed (Zečević nović et al. 2013b). Many of the species listed 1996). However, our knowledge on the biology, therein are extremely rare in Serbia, with only a ecology, distribution and of certain spe- few populations of low abundance being known, cies of Serbian moths remains scarce (Stojanović et while some have a wider distribution but are of al. 2013b). A few detailed studies on some moth certain conservation significance (Stojanović et al. groups from Serbia exist, many involving harmful 2013b). Over four years the first author of this pa- moth taxa (Vasić 2002, Stojanović 2009, 2012, Sto- per (DVS) collected additional moth material janović et al. 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2013a, Stojanović throughout the country. In this material we recog- & Ćurčić 2011, Vajgand 2012). Within the moths, nized numerous rare species and a few taxa new the families of Noctuidae and Geometridae have to the fauna of Serbia. We are reporting the notes been thoroughly studied in Serbia, with other on the taxa herein. moth families receiving little attention. The num- ber of recorded noctuid species (568) is smaller than the total number of species in Croatia, Materials and methods

Greece, Romania, and Bulgaria, but is higher than Over the period 2009–2012 we collected moths at ap- the number of species from some other neighbor- proximately 100 sites in all regions of Serbia by light trap ing countries (Hungary, Macedonia, Albania, and (250 W TEŽ VTFE high-pressure mercury discharge lamp; Montenegro) (Stojanović et al. 2011a, Stojanović & 100 W, 160 W, 250 W, and 400 W Philips ML lamp; Ćurčić 2011). Furthermore, the total number of ge- Petromax high pressure petroleum lamp) with a cotton ometrid species in Serbia (370) is smaller than the panel at the back. The moth specimens were gathered by total number of species in Bulgaria, Hungary, and entomological net in the vicinity of light source, as well as directly at the lamp. Specimens were killed by putting Romania, while fewer species have been recorded them in modified killing jars with diethyl ether, which on the territory of Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia was used for narcosis and neutralization. The collecting of and Herzegovina (Stojanović et al. 2010). Addi- moths in forest and meadow habitats was done mostly at Rare moth species from Serbia 319 dusk and at night (photophilous species), but by day as well [for Heterogynis penella (Hübner, 1819), Gonospileia tri- quetra ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), and capti- uncula (Treitschke, 1825)]. The collected moths were af- terwards stored as dry specimens in entomological boxes in the private collection of the first author. Permanent slides of the genital structures are deposited in the collec- tion of permanent slides of the first author as well. The analysis of chitinized genital structures was performed according to the standard method (Fibiger et al. 2009), which was improved, optimalized and adapted to labora- tory conditions. The posterior part of the abdomen was carefully removed by a forceps from fresh or dry speci- mens, then macerated and stored in a vial filled with 10% KOH. The material was subsequently boiled in a boiling water bath. Finally, the permanent microscope slides were made. The most important morphological features of the specimens were photographed by a special digital photo accessory on a Carl Zeiss Stemi 2000 stereomicro- scope. Photographs were processed using Motic® image stacking software. Classification and nomenclature follow Witt & Ronkay (2011). Precise moth distributions were re- corded using 10 x 10 km UTM squares.

Figure 1. UTM map of localities where moths were collected. Results and Discussion

This study contains data on 17 rare species of species was recorded from the former Yugoslavia. moths belonging to five families and three super- Our data are the first proven ones for Serbia. families, found in Serbia by the first author of this Family Limacodidae paper (DVS). The UTM map of Serbia with desig- nated locations of the moth taxa reported herein is Heterogenea Knoch, 1783 presented in Fig. 1. The species are recorded at Heterogenea asella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], sites within the following six 10 x 10 km UTM 1775) (Fig. 3) squares: CN 99, DN 89, DP 61, FP 02, FP 30, and Material examined: Lučica (UTM code CN 99), Pri- FN 48, respectively (Fig. 1). All the recorded spe- jepolje, 500 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 10.07.2011. Collected cies are listed below. by mercury light trap. The collected species belong to the following Notes: New genus and new species for the superfamilies: Zygaenoidea (with two families, fauna of Serbia. According to Carnelutti (1992) two genera, and two species), Noctuoidea (with and Karsholt & Razowski (1996) the species was two families, 14 genera, and 14 species), and Ge- recorded from the former Yugoslavia. Our data ometroidea (with a single family, one genus, and are the first proven ones for Serbia. one species). The highest number of both genera and species is registered within the Noctuidae and Superfamily Noctuoidea Erebidae families (11 and three each, respectively). Family Noctuidae

Genus Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 1816 Superfamily Zygaenoidea Mythimna andereggii (Boisduval, 1840) (Fig. 4) Family Heterogynidae Material examined: Babin Zub (UTM code FP 30),

Genus Heterogynis Rambur, 1837 Mt. Stara Planina, 1,600 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Heterogynis penella (Hübner, 1819) (Fig. 2) 26.06.2012. Collected by mercury light trap. Material examined: Srebrnac (UTM code DN 89), Notes: New species for the fauna of Serbia. On Mt. Kopaonik, 1,600 m a.s.l., 2 ♂, 18.06.2010. Col- the Balkans it is represented by ssp. pseudocomma lected during the day. (Rebel & Zerny, 1931). Thurner (1964) and Carne- Notes: New family, new genus, and new spe- lutti (1992) reported the species in the fauna of the cies for the fauna of Serbia. According to Carne- former Yugoslavia. We propose its inclusion in the lutti (1992) and Karsholt & Razowski (1996) the Red List of Serbian noctuid moths as a vulnerable

320 D.V. Stojanović et al.

Figures 2-18. Photographs of recorded moth species. 2—Heterogynis penella (Hübner, 1819); 3—Heterogenea asella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775); 4—Mythimna andereggii (Boisduval, 1840); 5—Episema korsakovi (Christoph, 1885); 6—Cervyna cervago (Eversmann, 1844); 7— variabilis (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783); 8— incarnata (Freyer, [1838]); 9— moneta (Fabricius, 1787); 10—Divaena haywardi (Tams, 1926); 11—Litoligia literosa (Ha- worth, 1809); 12—Bryophila rectilinea (Warren, 1909); 13— (Treitschke, 1825); 14— opalina (Esper, [1794]); 15— taenialis (Hübner, [1809]); 16—Orectis proboscidata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851); 17—Gonospileia triquetra ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775); 18—Hydria undulata (Linnaeus, 1758). Rare moth species from Serbia 321 species (VU) since it meets some of A-E IUCN cri- few sites in its western (Zaovine, Mt. Tara) and teria for vulnerable (A2 bc) and is therefore con- eastern parts (Crni Vrh, near Knjaževac) (Stojano- sidered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the vić & Ćurčić 2011). wild (IUCN 2012). Its area of distribution is frag- Genus Polychrysia Hübner, [1821] mented. (Fabricius, 1787) (Fig. 9)

Genus Episema Ochsenheimer, 1816 Material examined: Metođe (UTM code DN 89), Episema korsakovi (Christoph, 1885) (Fig. 5) Mt. Kopaonik, 1,500 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 05.08.2009. Col- Material examined: Široke Luke (UTM code FN lected by mercury light trap. 48), Mt. Stara Planina, 960 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 06.10.2010. Notes: Second record from Serbia. According Collected by mercury light trap. to Carnelutti (1992), Karsholt & Razowski (1996), Notes: New species for the fauna of Serbia. and Zečević (1996) the species was recorded from Thurner (1964) reported the species in the fauna of the former Yugoslavia. Previously known only the former Yugoslavia. We propose its inclusion in from a single site in Southern Serbia (Kožnjar, near the Red List of Serbian noctuid moths as a vulner- Peć) (Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). able species (VU) since it meets some of A-E IUCN Genus Divaena Fibiger, 1993 criteria for vulnerable (A2 bc) and is therefore con- Divaena haywardi (Tams, 1926) (Fig. 10) sidered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the Material examined: Vzganica (UTM code FN 48), wild (IUCN 2012). Its area of distribution is frag- Mt. Stara Planina, 1,000 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 04.08.2009. mented. Collected by mercury light trap.

Genus Cervyna Ronkay, Zilli & Fibiger, 2005 Notes: Third record from Serbia and the first Cervyna cervago (Eversmann, 1844) (Fig. 6) from Eastern Serbia. According to Karsholt & Ra- Material examined: Široke Luke (UTM code FN zowski (1996) and Zečević (1996) the species was 48), Mt. Stara Planina, 960 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 06.10.2010. recorded from the former Yugoslavia. Otherwise Collected by mercury light trap. known from two sites in Southern Serbia (Dečani Notes: New genus and new species for the and Peć) (Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). fauna of Serbia. We propose its inclusion in the Genus Litoligia Beck, 1999 Red List of Serbian noctuid moths as a vulnerable Litoligia literosa (Haworth, 1809) (Fig. 11) species (VU) since it meets some of A-E IUCN cri- Material examined: Babin Zub (UTM code FP 30), teria for vulnerable (A2 bc) and is therefore con- Mt. Stara Planina, 1,600 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 25.07.2012. sidered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the Collected by mercury light trap. wild (IUCN 2012). Its area of distribution is frag- Notes: Rarely found in Serbia. First record mented. from Eastern Serbia. According to Karsholt & Ra- Genus Euchalcia Hübner, [1821] zowski (1996) and Zečević (1996) the species was (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) recorded from the former Yugoslavia. Also known (Fig. 7) from the following three sites in Southern Serbia: Material examined: Babin Zub (UTM code FP 30), Kosovska Mitrovica, Kožnjar, and Vitomirica (the Mt. Stara Planina, 1,600 m a.s.l., 3 ♂, 26.06.2012. two later near Peć) (Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). Collected by mercury light trap. Genus Bryophila Treitschke, 1825 Notes: Second record from Serbia and the first Bryophila rectilinea (Warren, 1909) (Fig. 12) from Eastern Serbia. Otherwise known only from Material examined: Baranica (UTM code FP 02), a single site in Western Serbia (Sekulići, Mt. Tara) Mt. Stara Planina, 340 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 27.07.2012. Col- (Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). lected by mercury light trap. Genus Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 Notes: New species for the fauna of Serbia. Heliothis incarnata (Freyer, [1838]) (Fig. 8) Thurner (1964) and Karsholt & Razowski (1996) Material examined: Srebrnac (UTM code DN 89), reported the species in the fauna of the former Mt. Kopaonik, 1,600 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 18.06.2010. Col- Yugoslavia. We propose its inclusion in the Red lected by mercury light trap. List of Serbian noctuid moths as a vulnerable spe- Notes: Third record from Serbia and the first cies (VU) since it meets some of A-E IUCN criteria from Southern Serbia. According to Karsholt & for vulnerable (A2 bc) and is therefore considered Razowski (1996) the species was recorded from to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild the former Yugoslavia. Distributed in Serbia at a (IUCN 2012). Its area of distribution is frag-

322 D.V. Stojanović et al. mented. the former Yugoslavia. Distributed in Serbia in its eastern (Brestovačka Banja, Ploče and Mt. Stol in Genus Photedes Lederer, 1857 Timočka Krajina and Đerdap Gorge) and western Photedes captiuncula (Treitschke, 1825) (Fig. 13) parts (Đetinja River valley, near Užice) (Stojanović Material examined: Babin Zub (UTM code FP 30), et al. 2011a, Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). Mt. Stara Planina, 1,600 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 26.06.2012. Collected during the day. Genus Gonospileia Hübner, [1823] Notes: Second record from Serbia and the first Gonospileia triquetra ([Denis & Schiffermüller], from Eastern Serbia. According to Carnelutti 1775) (Fig. 17) (1992), Karsholt & Razowski (1996), and Dodok Material examined: Studenica River valley (UTM (2006) the species was recorded from the former code DP 61), 377 m a.s.l., 3 ♂, 27.05.2011. Collected Yugoslavia. Otherwise known only from a single during the day. site in Western Serbia (Kaluđerske Bare, Mt. Tara) Notes: Rarely found in Serbia. First record (Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). from Western Serbia. According to Thurner (1964) and Karsholt & Razowski (1996) the species was Genus Calophasia Stephens, 1829 recorded from the former Yugoslavia. Distributed Calophasia opalina (Esper, [1794]) (Fig. 14) in Serbia at the following sites: Priština (Southern Material examined: Suvi Jelak (UTM code DN 89), Serbia), Novi Sad, Deliblato Sands (both in North- Mt. Kopaonik, 1,600 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 18.06.2010. Col- ern Serbia), and Topčider, Belgrade (Central Ser- lected by mercury light trap. bia) (Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011). Notes: Rarely found in Serbia. First record from Southern Serbia. According to Karsholt & Superfamily Geometroidea Razowski (1996) and Zečević (1996) the species Family Geometridae was recorded from the former Yugoslavia. Dis- Genus Hydria Hübner, 1822 tributed in Serbia at the following sites: Mt. Fruška Hydria undulata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 18) Gora, Surduk (near Stara Pazova), Deliblato Sands Material examined: Srebrnac (UTM code DN 89), (all in Northern Serbia), Topčider, Belgrade (Cen- Mt. Kopaonik, 1,600 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 23.07.2011. tral Serbia), Mt. Stol, Pirot, and Đerdap Gorge (all Collected by mercury light trap. in Eastern Serbia) (Stojanović et al. 2011a, Stojano- Notes: Second record from Serbia and the first vić & Ćurčić 2011, Stojanović 2012). from Southern Serbia. According to Carnelutti Family Erebidae (1992) and Karsholt & Razowski (1996) the species was recorded from the former Yugoslavia. Other- Genus Schrankia Hübner, 1825 wise known only from a single site in Western (Hübner, [1809]) (Fig. 15) Serbia (Zaovine, Mt. Tara) (Dodok 2006). Material examined: Široke Luke (UTM code FN

48), Mt. Stara Planina, 960 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 04.08.2009. One family (Heterogynidae), three genera (Heter- Collected by mercury light trap. ogynis, Heterogenea, and Cervyna), and six species Notes: Third record from Serbia. According to (Heterogynis penella, Heterogenea asella, Mythimna Karsholt & Razowski (1996) and Stojanović (2006) andereggii, Episema korsakovi, Cervyna cervago, and the species was recorded from the former Yugo- Bryophila rectilinea) are new for the fauna of Serbia slavia. Distributed in Serbia in its northern (a total of 10 taxa). The following 11 moth species (Ledinci, Mt. Fruška Gora) and eastern parts are rare in Serbia, and our findings are mostly the (Pecka Bara, Đerdap Gorge) (Stojanović et al. second or third ones for the country: Euchalcia 2011a, Stojanović & Ćurčić 2011, Stojanović 2012). variabilis, Heliothis incarnata, Schrankia taenialis, Genus Orectis Lederer, 1857 Orectis proboscidata, Polychrysia moneta, Divaena Orectis proboscidata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) haywardi, Gonospileia triquetra, Litoligia literosa, (Fig. 16) Photedes captiuncula, Calophasia opalina, and Hydria Material examined: Lučica (UTM code CN 99), Pri- undulata. We propose inclusion of the following jepolje, 500 m a.s.l., 1 ♂, 10.07.2011. Collected by four noctuid species into the Red List of Serbian mercury light trap. Noctuidae as vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN Notes: Rarely found in Serbia. According to criteria: Mythimna andereggii, Episema korsakovi, Michieli (1963), Carnelutti (1992), and Karsholt & Cervyna cervago, and Bryophila rectilinea (IUCN Razowski (1996) the species was recorded from 2012). Rare moth species from Serbia 323

Some of the species presented herein are re- The moth species reported herein are ex- gionally rare and found as only a few specimens tremely rare in Serbia, and are mostly known from in some other Balkan countries as well (Slovenia, only 1–2 locations in the country. Their abundance Romania, Bulgaria) (Carnelutti 1992, Beshkov is limited and they require protection. In most 2000, Rákosy et al. 2003, Zlatkov & Beshkov 2008). cases, these findings represent the first records for Eleven species from our list are both rare and en- certain regions in Serbia. The species were col- dangered in Romania and included in the Red List lected in western, southern, and eastern parts of of threatened Lepidoptera of Romania (Rákosy et the country. Some of the reported species are rare al. 2003): Episema korsakovi (EN), Cervyna cervago solely in Serbia (Litoligia literosa, Bryophila recti- (CR), Euchalcia variabilis (NT), Heliothis incarnata linea, Calophasia opalina), others are rare both in (EN), Schrankia taenialis (NT), Orectis proboscidata Serbia and the surroundings (Heterogynis penella, (VU), Polychrysia moneta (VU), Divaena haywardi Mythimna andereggii, Episema korsakovi, Cervyna (VU), Gonospileia triquetra (VU), Photedes captiun- cervago, Euchalcia variabilis, Heliothis incarnata, Di- cula (NT), and Hydria undulata (NT). Seven species vaena haywardi, Schrankia taenialis, Gonospileia tri- from our list are both rare and endangered in Slo- quetra), while certain species are rare in a wider venia and included in the Red List of Slovenian area in the Balkan Peninsula (Heterogenea asella, Lepidoptera species, but into one category of en- Polychrysia moneta, Photedes captiuncula, Orectis dangered taxa (Carnelutti 1992): Heterogynis pen- proboscidata, Hydria undulata). ella, Heterogenea asella, Mythimna andereggii, Poly- The noctuid moth fauna of Serbia is now bet- chrysia moneta, Photedes captiuncula, Orectis probos- ter studied as a total of 572 species have now been cidata, and Hydria undulata. The continuing pres- listed. The total number of endangered noctuid ence of Heterogenea asella in Bulgaria was recently species in Serbia arises to 227, of which 62 are con- confirmed (Zlatkov & Beshkov 2008). This species sidered vulnerable (VU). is extremely rare and found only as single speci- The presented data will be important as a mens. source of new information for the analysis of both According to the habitat types, some of the re- qualitative and quantitative content of alpine and ported species can be affiliated with the following sub-alpine Lepidoptera faunas in the country and categories: xerophilous species connected with the surrounding region in the future. Only after warm and dry habitats (steppes, etc.) (e.g., Calo- future investigations and the discovery of addi- phasia opalina, Schrankia taenialis, Orectis probosci- tional new species for the region will the real state data), forest species (mostly inhabitants of decidu- of diversity of moths in the area be known. ous forests) (e.g., Heterogenea asella), and alpine species (e.g., Mythimna andereggii). All species re- corded herein prefer somewhat higher altitudes and are collected in hilly, mountainous, and alpine Acknowledgments. The study was financially supported . by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development (Grants Nos. 43002, 173038, and 43001). We are thankful to Dr. Dragan Vajgand

(Sombor, Serbia), who provided us with valuable Conclusions literature data.

The richness of moths of Serbia is not completely known. The current richness of Serbian moths is explainable by the number of studies on the group References and researched localities so far. The higher num- ber of the taxa is recorded in neighbor Balkan Beshkov, S. (2000): An annotated systematic and synonymic checklist of the Noctuidae of Bulgaria (Insecta: Lepidoptera, countries bordering seas (Mediterranean, Adriatic, Noctuidae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 49: 1-300. Aegean, Ionian and Black Seas). The smaller num- Carnelutti, J. (1992): Rdeči seznam ogroženih metuljev ber of the taxa in Serbia may be explained by the () v Sloveniji. Varstvo Narave 17: 61-104. Dodok, I. (2006): The fauna of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the lack of sea in the country. We may expect findings region of Užice in Western Serbia. Acta Entomologica Serbica of new taxa for Serbia in future as well, especially 11(1-2): 61-75. in the alpine and sub-alpine regions, river valleys, Fibiger, M., Ronkay, L., Steiner, A., Zilli, A. (2009): - . Noctuidae Europaeae. Volume 11. Entomological and marsh areas. Press, Sorø.

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