Schotia afra LC Taxonomic Authority: (L.)Thunb.  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Guajacum afrum L. KAROO BOER-BEAN, HO English parvifolia Jacq. KAROO-BOERBOON Afrikaans Schotia speciosa Jacq. UMQUONGCI, INTIZA, UM Xhosa Schotia speciosa var. (Afzel. ex Sims) Harv. Schotia tamarindifolia Afzel. ex Sims Theodora speciosa Medik.

Upper Level Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

There are two different groups isolated from each other, S. afra var. afra occurring in the coastal districts of the Eastern Cape and southern Western Cape, and var. angustifolia occurring inland in Namaqualand and Namibia (Codd 1956, Coates Palgrave 2002).

General Information Distribution South Namibia and South Africa (Namaqualand) in the coastal districts of the Eastern Cape and southern Western Cape.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 853  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 152  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population Population size is not known. Reported as common and frequent.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology It occurs in the Karoo-Namib shrubland and in Tongaland-Pondoland regional transition zone, bushland and thicket (Ross 1982, White 1983).

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant

Growth From Definition Shrub - size unkno Perennial shrub (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte if >1m or a Chamaephyte if <1m Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m)

Threats No major threats known for this species.

Past Present Future 13 None  Conservation Measures The variety var. angustifolia is protected by forestry laws in Namibia (Curtis 2005). It occurs in the Ais Ais Richtersveld Transfrontier Park (Namibia - South Africa), in the Augrabies Falls and Addo Elephant National Parks. have been collected as part of the Millennium Bank project and live collections can be found in numerous botanic gardens. Both varieties have been listed as Least Concern in a recent assessment for the South African Red List (Raimondo 2009).

In Place Needed 1 Policy-based actions  1.2 Legislation  1.2.1 Development  1.2.1.2 National level  1.2.2 Implementation  1.2.2.2 National level  5 Species-based actions  5.7 Ex situ conservation actions  5.7.1 Captive breeding/Artificial propagation  5.7.2 Genome resource bank 

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Namibia    Namibia    South Africa    Eastern Cape    Northern Cape    Western Cape   

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 3 Shrubland 1YesSuitable 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry1Yes Suitable

Ecosystem Services  Insufficient Information available  Species provides no ecosystem services

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 1. Food - human  This species forms part of the diet of elephants and rhinos in the winter.

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment Although Schotia afra var. angustifolia, the Namibian variety, is rare, it is protected by law. The South African variety, Schotia afra var. afra, does not appear to be threatened, so overall the rating is Least Concern. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 12/04/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Carretero, J. H. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

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