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American Post-Conflict Educational Reform This Page Intentionally Left Blank American Post-Conflict Educational Reform from the Spanish-American War to Iraq
American Post-Conflict Educational Reform This page intentionally left blank American Post-Conflict Educational Reform From the Spanish-American War to Iraq Edited by Noah W. Sobe AMERICAN POST-CONFLICT EDUCATIONAL REFORM Copyright © Noah W. Sobe, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61592-2 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-37951-4 ISBN 978-0-230-10145-6 (eBook) DOI. 10.1057/9780230101456 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American post-conflict educational reform : from the Spanish- American War to Iraq / edited by Noah W. Sobe. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Educational assistance, American. 2. Educational change. 3. Conflict management. I. Sobe, Noah W., 1971– LB2283.A47 2009 379.1Ј290973—dc22 2009014130 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Part I Introduction One American Imperatives, Educational Reconstruction and the Post-Conflict Promise 3 Noah W. -
GLOBAL CLIMATE BULLETIN N°222 – December 2017
RCC RA VI Climate Bulletin n°222 December - January - February 2017 - 2018 GLOBAL CLIMATE BULLETIN n°222 – December 2017 Table of Contents I. DESCRIPTION OF THE CLIMATE SYSTEM I.1. Oceanic analysis I.1.a Global analysis I.1.b Sea surface temperature Near Europe I.2. Atmosphere I.2.a General Circulation I.2.b Precipitation I.2.c Temperature I.2.d Sea ice II. SEASONAL FORECAST FROM DYNAMICAL MODELS II.1. OCEANIC FORECASTS II.1.a Sea surface temperature (SST, figure II.1.1 to II.1.4) II.1.b ENSO forecast II.1.c Atlantic ocean forecasts II.1.d Indian ocean forecasts II.2. GENERAL CIRCULATION FORECAST II.2.a Global forecast II.2.b Norther n hemisphere and E urope forecast II.2.c Modes of variability II.2.d Weather regimes II.3. IMPACT: TEMPERATURE FORECASTS (figure II.3.1 to II.3.4) II.3.a Météo-FranceECMWF II.3.b ECMWF II.3.c Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) II.3.d EUROSIP II.4. IMPACT : PRECIPITATION FORECAST © Météo-France DCSC December 2017 1 sur 31 RCC RA VI Climate Bulletin n°222 December - January - February 2017 - 2018 II.4.a Météo-France II.4.b ECMWF II.4.c Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) II.4.d EUROSIP II.5. REGIONAL TEMPERATURES and PRECIPITATIONS II.6. "EXTREME" SCENARIOS II.7. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY II.7.a Forecast over Europe II.7.b Tropical cyclone activity III. ANNEX III.1. Seasonal Forecasts III.2. « NINO », SOI indices and Oceanic boxes III.3. -
Annual Report 2017
Annual Report 2017 www.ecmwf.int Foreword 2 2017 At a glance 4 Advancing weather science 10 Delivering global predictions 16 Sustaining high-performance computing 22 Supporting ECMWF 26 Serving Member and Co-operating States 30 How we work 36 Member States as of January 2018 Austria Belgium Croatia Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg The Netherlands Norway Portugal Serbia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom ecmwf.int ECMWF Annual Report 2017 1 AR-2018-ARTWORK.indd 1 08/06/2018 16:01 A year among years Florence Rabier Director-General There is a lot to say about 2017, and the following pages allow us to remember or discover some of the key moments. Possibly the most striking aspect that comes to mind is the way our past, present and future collided in that speci c year. 2017 was a rework of anniversaries. Trust is earned, and 2017 has allowed It marked 20 years of 4D-Var at ECMWF, us to pay our dues and serve our Member and of seasonal forecasts, and 25 years of States and other users with some noticeable ensemble prediction and wave forecasting. progress towards our Strategy to 2025. It was also the year when ECMWF’s Council Some good examples include the work approved the development of our future undertaken to assess the best ensemble data centre in Bologna, Italy, and voted con gurations to make a 5 km ensemble a budget allowing a substantial increase affordable; the more ef cient radiation in our computing capability. The end of the scheme, completely recoded to be more year saw the Government of the UK, our exible and delivering ef ciency gains up host nation, formally offering to relocate to 30-35%; the release of the new seasonal ECMWF’s headquarters to accommodate system, SEAS5, notably improving our requirements. -
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PERILS PUTS INITIAL LOSS ESTIMATE FOR EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE XAVIER AT EUR 291M Zurich, 16 November 2017 – PERILS, the independent Zurich-based organisation providing industry-wide catastrophe insurance data, has today disclosed its initial loss estimate for Extratropical Cyclone Xavier, which primarily affected Germany on 5 October 2017. PERILS’ initial estimate of the insured property market loss for Xavier, based on loss data from affected insurers collected post-event, is EUR 291 million. In line with the PERILS reporting schedule, an updated estimate of the Xavier market loss will be made available on 5 January 2018, three months after the event start date. Xavier was a very fast-moving and violent storm which caused the deaths of seven people in Germany. It occurred very early in the European winter storm season which meant that many trees were still heavy with leaves and therefore were more prone to being blown over than had the same winds occurred during the winter months. Damaging gusts occurred along a narrow corridor approximately 250 km wide which ran ENE-WSW from Hamburg to Berlin and affected the states of Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg and Berlin. The duration of the intense winds experienced over northern and eastern Germany was approximately 14 hours, reflecting the extraordinarily rapid passage of Xavier. Extratropical Cyclone Xavier, maximum gust values in km/h: Xavier struck Germany on 5 October 2017 with violent gusts affecting a narrow corridor from Hamburg to Berlin. Xavier caused the deaths of seven people in Germany. PERILS AG Marktgasse 3 / 5 8001 Zurich Switzerland T: + 41 44 256 81 00 F: +41 44 256 8109 [email protected] Page 1 of 2 PERILS PUTS INITIAL LOSS ESTIMATE FOR EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE XAVIER AT EUR 291M Georg Andrea, Head of Data Management at PERILS, commented: “Given the storm’s early occurrence in the European winter storm season, a significant part of the damage was caused by falling trees which still had leaves on them. -
WINTER 2017 ISSUE 64 the Intelligent Quarterly from The
WINTER 2017 ISSUE 64 18 Cat 22 Alt. 30 Bullish modelling reinsurance Barbican What’s in a ILS put to 10 years number? the test of specialty The intelligent quarterly from the publishers of The Insurance Insider Strong Capitalisation. Sound Solutions. Sustainable Partnerships. www.asiacapitalre.com Singapore | China | Hong Kong | Taiwan | Japan | Korea | Malaysia | Vietnam | India | Dubai | Bahrain ACRG Ad2017_v2_FA.indd 1 15/11/17 9:49 AM COMMENT WEEKENDER Once in these pages I likened Some consequences are life- the noise were convinced to join the a prolonged soft market to a house changing. The stab victim’s scar is a party and are exuberantly displaying party that gets out of hand. permanent reminder of how things the full convert’s zeal. There had been It starts off as a lot of fun, with can go badly wrong. some bickering but peacemakers everyone socialising and having a Meanwhile, unnoticed by revellers stepped in and cooled it down just in good time. The music gets turned and police alike, the guest who passed time. up louder and louder and someone out has not and will never reawaken. A pizza delivery has come and decides it would be amusing to fill the He is dead from an unspecified gone. Everyone has a full stomach and fruit punch with vodka. overdose. is happy. There are only smiles and an The more experienced take this as Everyone swears they are never overall air of contentment reigns. their cue to call it a night. going to drink again and a period of Even more curious, given the all- Once they leave all hell breaks puritanical abstinence follows. -
Czech Republic
Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 CZECH REPUBLIC Overall risk level Medium Exercise caution Not completely safe, but typically presents predictable security risks Travel is possible, but there is a potential for disruptions Overview Emergency Numbers Medical 155 Upcoming Events There are no upcoming events scheduled Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Czech Republic 2 Travel Advisories Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Czech Republic 3 Summary The Czech Republic is a Medium Risk destination: exercise caution. Medium Risk locations are not completely safe, but typically present predictable security risks. Travel is possible, but there is a potential for disruptions. Covid-19 Medium Risk Health authorities confirmed the country's first cases of the novel coronavirus (COVID- 19) on 1 March 2020. Despite the spread of the delta virus variant, infection rates in the country remain low. Most measures have been relaxed or lifted. Political Instability Low Risk The Czech Republic is a largely conservative nation with a stable multi-party democracy, a robust welfare system and a healthy economy. President Miloš Zeman is from the far-right, but state institutions are relatively strong and independent, with respect for civil rights. While the Czech parliament consists of two chambers, most of the legislative powers are concentrated in the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies. The country is a member of both the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the European Union (EU). Conflict Low Risk The country is not party to any conflict with other states or non-state actors. It is a member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. -
Meteorological Description of the Winter Storms SEBASTIAN, XAVIER, HERWART, ZUBIN, BURGLIND, FRIEDERIKE
DWD background report Winter storm season 2017/18 (01.09.2017–28.02.2018) – meteorological description of the winter storms SEBASTIAN, XAVIER, HERWART, ZUBIN, BURGLIND, FRIEDERIKE Due to the large temperature and thus energy differences between the polar regions and the warm-temperate climate zone during the northern hemisphere’s winter half-year, unstable wave formations typically arise on the frontal zone, with the potential to evolve into storm cyclones. According to the long-term climatological average, the high-pressure weather situations, usually dominant through to the last ten days of October, are succeeded by a cyclonic circulation regime. This then marks the start of autumn or winter storm season in central Europe. In 2017/18, the winter storm season began very early on 12 September when a polar air outburst originating in Greenland strengthened a short-wave trough to such an extent that a rapid drop in pressure (‘explosive cyclogenesis’, i.e. a fall in air pressure in a low’s centre of at least 1 hPa/h over a period of at least 24 hours1) in the corresponding surface pressure field transformed an initially unremarkable secondary low into the storm cyclone SEBASTIAN. SEBASTIAN brought hurricane-force gusts (≥ 12 Bft) mainly to the coastal areas and mountain tops in the low mountain ranges on 13 September, as well as daily precipitation totals of several tens of litres per square metre in places in southern Germany. A vigorous west wind drift again dominated over the European continent three weeks later. The secondary cyclogenesis (Shapiro-Keyser type, i.e. a special form of polar front cyclones in maritime areas2) of a central low, which had in the meantime arrived over Fennoscandia, brought the second autumn storm of the season. -
Cat Hit Makes 2018 a Crucial Year for Lloyd's
MARKET NEWS, DATA AND INSIGHT ALL DAY, EVERY DAY TUESDAY 12 DECEMBER 2017 ISSUE 4,997 In depth: Cat hit makes 2018 a crucial year for Lloyd’s p4-7 Raging Thomas fire threatens to IAG deal add to $10bn California wildfire bill lays ground for ‘10% premium boost’ for top three reinsurers p2 p3 Get the complete picture Award-winning scoops, trusted analysis and insight for the specialty and reinsurance sectors ID-Complete Picture-260x70.indd 1 08/09/2017 14:23 2 www.insuranceday.com | Tuesday 12 December 2017 NEWS Raging Thomas fire Market news, data and insight all day, every day Insurance Day is the world’s only daily newspaper for the international insurance and reinsurance and risk industries. Its primary focus is on the London market and what affects it, threatens to add to $10bn concentrating on the key areas of catastrophe, property and marine, aviation and transportation. It is available in print, PDF, mobile and online versions and is read by more than 10,000 people in more than 70 countries worldwide. California wildfire bill First published in 1995, Insurance Day has become the favourite publication for the London market, which relies on its mix of news, analysis and data to keep in touch with this fast-moving and vitally important sector. Its experienced and highly skilled insurance writers are well known and respected in the market Fire in southern California is among state’s 10 most destructive and their insight is both compelling and valuable. Insurance Day also produces a number of must-attend annual Scott Vincent Firefighters events to complement its daily output, including the Insurance Editor, news services monitor the Day London Market Awards, which recognise and celebrate the Thomas fire as very best in the industry. -
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Extreme Sea Level and Storm Surge Events Around the Coastline of the UK 15 2016 Received: July 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 Ivan D
www.nature.com/scientificdata OPEN Analysis: Spatial and temporal analysis of extreme sea level and storm surge events around the coastline of the UK 15 2016 Received: July 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 Ivan D. Haigh , Matthew P. Wadey , , Thomas Wahl , , Ozgun Ozsoy , Robert J. Nicholls , Accepted: 3 November 2016 4 4 5 Jennifer M. Brown , Kevin Horsburgh & Ben Gouldby Published: 6 December 2016 In this paper we analyse the spatial footprint and temporal clustering of extreme sea level and skew surge events around the UK coast over the last 100 years (1915–2014). The vast majority of the extreme sea level events are generated by moderate, rather than extreme skew surges, combined with spring astronomical high tides. We distinguish four broad categories of spatial footprints of events and the distinct storm tracks that generated them. There have been rare events when extreme levels have occurred along two unconnected coastal regions during the same storm. The events that occur in closest succession (o4 days) typically impact different stretches of coastline. The spring/neap tidal cycle prevents successive extreme sea level events from happening within 4–8 days. Finally, the 2013/14 season was highly unusual in the context of the last 100 years from an extreme sea level perspective. 1 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, 2 Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, 3 Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering and Sustainable Coastal Systems Cluster, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Drive, Suite 211, Orlando, Florida 4 32816-2450, USA. -
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PERILS PUTS INITIAL LOSS ESTIMATE FOR EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE HERWART AT EUR 252M Zurich, 11 December 2017 – PERILS, the independent Zurich-based organisation providing industry-wide catastrophe insurance data, has today disclosed its initial loss estimate for Extratropical Cyclone Herwart, which among other countries affected Austria and Germany on 29 October 2017. PERILS’ initial estimate of the insured property market loss for Herwart, based on loss data from affected insurers, is EUR 252 million. In line with the PERILS reporting schedule, an updated estimate will be made available on 29 January 2018, three months after the event start date. Herwart caused significant damage in Austria and Germany on 29 October 2017. The storm also affected Denmark, but to a much lesser extent; as well as Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia – although these three territories are not covered by PERILS. In Germany, Herwart caused strong gusts in Northern and Eastern Germany in the first half of the day. The rapid passage of the extratropical cyclone meant that the extreme winds only lasted for two to three hours. The highest gust value was 176 km/h, which was recorded on the Fichtelberg in East Germany (Saxony). Extratropical Cyclone Herwart, maximum gust values in km/h: Herwart struck Germany and then Austria on 29 October 2017 with violent gusts of up to 180km/h. Herwart caused a total of 11 fatalities – one in Denmark, four in Germany, two in Poland and four in the Czech Republic. PERILS AG Marktgasse 3 / 5 8001 Zurich Switzerland T: + 41 44 256 81 00 F: +41 44 256 8109 [email protected] Page 1 of 2 PERILS PUTS INITIAL LOSS ESTIMATE FOR EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE HERWART AT EUR 252M Austria was hit by Herwart during the late morning and early afternoon. -
Casualty Week Nov 3
Lloyd’s Casualty Week contains information from worldwide sources of Marine, Non-Marine and Aviation casualties together with other reports Lloyd's relevant to the shipping, transport and insurance communities CasualtyWeek Nov 3 2006 Global piracy levels fall but hotspots continue writes Nathaniel Xavier - Wednesday Nov 01 2006 IRACY attacks worldwide have The report noted that Bangladesh dropped from 61 during the same nine fallen but hotspots such as recorded as many as 33 incidents, with 22 months last year to 40 this year, Indonesia PBangladesh and Nigeria continue to attacks and 11 attempted ones. Most of the still accounts for more attacks than any other be plagued, the latest piracy report by the attacks occurred in and around the port of country. International Maritime Bureau has Chittagong. Capt Mukundan applauded the decision shown,. Nigerian waters also remain in the by a Kenyan court last week to convict 10 The number of attacks from January to hotspots list. Although there were only six Somalis of piracy, after they were captured September this year decreased to 174 from attacks and three attempted, three of those by US Navy off Mogadishu in January. 205 during the same period in 2005, a attacks led to 17 crewmembers being “This will send the right signal to others decline of 30 incidents. kidnapped and held for ransom. that piracy will not be tolerated along the IMB director Captain Pottengal Eight attacks were reported off the east coast of Africa and that neighbouring Mukundan said: “While piracy continues to eastern coast of Somalia where pirates countries will act to punish those be a serious concern, credit for this welcome armed with guns and grenades attacked responsible,” he said. -
Sub-Storm Features Associated with Extreme Surface Gusts in UK Extra
1 1 Sub-synoptic-scale features associated with extreme surface gusts in UK extra-tropical 2 cyclone events 3 N Earl1,2, S. Dorling1, M. Starks1 and R. Finch1 4 1 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, 5 Norwich, Norfolk, NR4-7TJ, UK. 6 2 School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 7 3010. 8 Corresponding Author: Nick Earl, [email protected], +61390353848. 9 10 Key points 11 12 A novel way to quantify the relative contributions of mesoscale extra-tropical cyclone 13 features is introduced. 14 15 Larger scale features are most commonly associated with the top 1% of UK surface gusts but 16 smaller scale features generate the most extreme 0.1% of winds. 17 18 Sting jets and convective lines account for two-thirds of severe surface gusts in the UK. 19 Abstract 20 Numerous studies have addressed the mesoscale features within extra tropical cyclones 21 (ETCs) that are responsible for the most destructive winds, though few have utilised surface 22 observation data, and most are based on case studies. By using a 39-station UK surface 23 observation network, coupled with in-depth analysis of the causes of extreme gusts during the 24 period 2008-2014, we show that larger scale features (warm and cold conveyer belts) are 25 most commonly associated with the top 1% of UK gusts but smaller scale features generate 26 the most extreme winds. The cold conveyor belt is far more destructive when joining the 27 momentum of the ETC, rather than earlier in its trajectory, ahead of the approaching warm 28 front.