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www.americanradiohistory.com ;t,r'ä111111 _IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH111111111111111^ +ÿ gigH2M Vol. XIV. August, 1926 Whole No. 160 No. 4 ,-.111111.1111111111111111111111111 lllll 11111111111111 lllll 11.11. 72.4fien FORMERLY ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER. COMBINED WITH "THE EXPERIMENTER" 21e,nber Audit Bureau of Circulations EDITORIAL & GENERAL OFFICES: 53 Park Place, New York City GENERAL ADVERTISING DEPT.: 53 Park Place, New York City Published by Experimenter Publishing Company. Inc. (H. Gernsback, Pres.; S. Gernsback, Treas.; R. W. DeMott, See'yl. Publishers of SCIENCE & INVENTION, RADIO NEWS. RADIO INTERNACIONAL, RADIO REVIEW and AMAZING mom,,, ,,,d,.S,,.,.,,,,,: ,,,;,,;,,,,,,,,;;,,;,,,,;;;;;;,,,,u,,,,,,Eu:V:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,u,,,,u,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,:,:TT.,,, STORIES11111101101111111.1111010111111 EDITORIAL STAFF CONTRIBUTING EDITORS EI Astronomy- Dr. Ernest Bade, Ph.D. HUGO GERNSBACK, Editor -in -Chief. Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Ph.D., Ohio Radio- State University. Sylvan Harris. H. WINFIELD SECOR, Isabel M. Lewis, M.A., of the U. S. Leon L. Adelman. Managing Editor. Naval Observatory. Magic and Psychic Phenomena- Entomology and Allied Subjects- Joseph Dunninger. Ph.D. Joseph F. Rinn. T. O'CONOR SLOANE, Ph.D. Dr. Ernest Bade, Editor. Physics- Edward Merlin. Associate Dr. Harold F. Richards, Ph.D. Foreign Correspondents- Ernest K. Chapin, M. A. Dr. Alfred Gradenwitz, Germany. JosErn H. KRAUS, Field Editor. Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Ph.D., Ohio Dr. H. Becher, Germany. C. A. Oldroyd, England. JOSEPH LIEROWITZ, E. E., State University. Radio Editor. Automotive Subjects- S. Leonard Bastin, England. Tom C. Plumridge. Count A. N. Mirzaoff, France George A. Luers. Hubert Slouka, Czecho-Slovakia. S. GERNSBACK, Wrinkles Editor. Chemistry- P. C. van Petegem, Holland. B. Richard Neumann, Austria. M. PSSMAN, Art Director. - 3 Raymond Wailes. IN SEPTEMBER ISSUE Contents for August What Happens When Editorial 295 Scientific Problems and Puzzles ....324 You Dream? By Hugo Gernsback By Ernest K. Chapin, M.A. new and Philadelphia Sesquicentennial 296 How to Build a Day -Bed 325 Science has discovered some By Joseph H. Kraus By William Butterfield that happen in the hu- interesting things "Potash and Perlmutter" Defy Death Model Department-Model of "Con- man body when you dream, and a popular in Latest Movie 298 stitution" \Vins Cup 326 on this subject will the Whale Swallow Jonah? 300 illustrated article Could Experimental Chemistry Department 329 appear in the next issue. By H. Winfield Secor Greatest Cataclysm* 1,000,000 Horse -Power Electric Plant 302 Experimental Electrics Department 331 World's A Cookless Household 304 What was it? Don't fail to read this Junior Electrician 333 in the next Ifow Matches Are Made 305 specially illustrated article By I. Kay London How to Build Your Own Airplane Maga- (Conclusion) 335 issue of SCIENCE AND INVENTION Recent News in Science 306 zine. Light Rays Make Records 307 How to Build a Rowmobile 338 Lord's Prayer on Head of a Pin Photographing Aircraft Bombs in How to Make It 339 writing and engraving has Flight 308 and 340 Microscopic By S. R. Winters Wrinkles, Recipes Formulas always been one of the most interesting Edited by S. Gernsback in science. Leading Electric Ostrich Tamer 309 and marvelous stunts Ancient Torture Methods 310 Readers Forum 341 in this country describes with p'c- Ph.D. expert micro- By T. O'Conor Sloane, Radio Department 342 in the next issue just how Tower 312 tures Illuminated Eiffe. About "Cavalleria" and WRNY 343 scopic writing is accomplished. No -Glare Head -lights 313 By Charles D. Isaacson a Cone New Element 314 How to Bu!ld Illinium-A Kinks for the Radio -Bug 344 Loud Speaker Our Spiritualistic Investigations 315 By Raymond B. Wailes efficient By "Dunninger" m. Progressive views of a very An All -Purpose Voltmeter Switch 345 loud speaker will be given in an The Home Scientific 315 cone of Something New in Super-Hets 346 on this important instrument, Prize Awards.3l7 article Matchcraft-Monthly Reflex Circuits 348 interest to all radio fans. Month's Scientific News C.Iustrated 320 350 Who Will Win Next By George Wall Radio Oracle Humor 351 Model Cup? Magic 321 Scientific handsome silver trophy cup By "Dunninger" Latest Patents 352 Another for the will be given away next month Tarrano the Conqueror-14th Install- Oracle 353 of these have ment (Conclusion) ... 322 best model submitted. Four Patent Advice 358 contestants. By Ray Cummings been won by lucky :,,1, 11:ä1 011111...11110,11,1, 1 ív111111111.111111::11111nnu,,,u,,,1,0 :, for renewal delivery of and AMAZING STORIES. Subscriptions may and remittance FOR "SCIENCE AND VIEW the other the magazine is stopped. 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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 291:

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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 294

AMAZING ! A human - brain in a moulded wax head is kept alive for days, for months, and in communication with the world The TALKING BRAIN One of the most amazing scientifiction stories ever written A brilliant professor almost mad with the discovery of a scientific means to keep the human brain alive stumbles upon an opportunity. A blind student hopelessly injured in an automobile accident is brought to the professor for medical assistance. Seizing an opportunity the professor performs his Talking Brain experiment. The blind student-But to reveal the outcome will spoil the story. Read the amazing ending in the August issue of AMAZING STORIES now on all Newsstands. You will not be disappointed. READ THIS ASTOUNDING STORY IN THE AUGUST ISSUE OFD

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Volume XIV 1 Aug., 1926 Whole No. 160 No. 4

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HUGO GERNSBACK, Editor -in -Chief H. WINFIELD SECOR, Managing Editor DR. T. O'CONOR, SLOANE, Ph.D., Associate Editor Editorial and General Offices, - - - 53 Park Place, New York .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1111111,,,,,1,,,,,nrun,,,,,,,,,,1,,,l,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, "Those Who Refuse to Go Beyond Fact Rarely Get As Far As Fact - - - HUXLEY VI,,,.,M,11uU11.1,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,1m,111,11.,,1,.,11,1.,,,,w,ml,.,...ydnw,I,,,1,111,,,emm.11111,,,,,,,,,,..,,,,,,,,,,, IIII,,,,,,1111e,wMw,,,,,,,,11e,. SUN SPOTS AND RADIO By HUGO GERNSBACK

AS is well known, the sun goes through an 11 -year cycle of heat by the atmosphere, which acts as a storage reservoir for of sun spots. This phenomenon has been observed for the heat thus generated. An aviator going up to about seven several centuries, and while there is also a major cycle, miles above the surface of the earth must be wrapped in furs the minor 11 -year cycle seems to be pretty well proved and must take heat along with him if he does not wish to freeze, by the observations of many generations of investigators. even on the hottest summer day, although only seven miles The sun, according to the latest researches, is composed of a above the surface of the earth. The sun is still shining there molten interior and a gaseous envelope. This gaseous en- and the rays are still striking the airplane, but there is no velope, composed of heated gases, much hotter than anything we heat, because the atmosphere is so thin and attenuated here have here on earth, is not a uniform envelope at all times, but oc- that no heat can be stored by the sun's light rays. casionally rifts appear in it, which seen through a powerful But the light rays of the sun are really electro -magnetic enough telescope have the appearance of dark holes. They are waves, as demonstrated by Clerk lllaxwell. All ether waves in fact, vortexes of swirling gases and volatilized metals, mak- that we know of are electro -magnetic, whether they be light ing it possible for us to see the underlying surface of the sun's waves, X-ray waves, or radio waves. The rays differ in sphere. These holes are called sun spots, and can be observed at frequency, that is in the length of the waves. They are all the present time with the naked eye, by using darkened glasses. of the same family. So when there is increased solar activity, The sun itself is known to be a variable star. That is, it as at present, the effect makes itself felt on earth, not only does not give out the same heat at all times. At periodical in the resultant weather changes, but in various other ways, times it gives off about ten per cent. more heat than at other and these various ways will make themselves felt more as times; thus at the maximum of the sun spot cycle the earth science progress goes on. receives more heat than at the minimum cycle. We are now Before the advent of radio broadcasting there was no approaching the maximum of the cycle and 1928 will witness known effect on radio due to sun spots. Today there is. It such a maximum. In about 1933 there will be a minimum. makes itself felt in poor radio reception, particularly as to long One would at first think that when the sun sends us more distance reception. In 1922, at the minimum of the sun heat it would be hotter on earth. The converse is actually spot cycle, it will be remembered that a 1 -tube regenerative true. When the sun sends us more heat there is faster evapora- receiver had no trouble in picking up signals from 1,000 to tion of the waters of our planet, which, naturally, gives rise to 1,500 miles distant. This was an everyday occurrence. To- more clouds, and more clouds mean rainy weather and a lower- day when we are going towards the sun spot maximum, radio ing of the temperature on the.planet. For that reason, at the reception is extraordinarily poor, and only very seldom may height of the sun spot cycle the weather on the earth is usually conditions be called fair for DX (long distance) radio appreciably cooler than at the minimum of the sun spot cycle. reception. The next two years will therefore probably witness cooler and In 1922 such radio reception was good, summer and winter, more rainy weather, if previous experiences may be taken as a when the usual static did not interfere too much. Now guide. reception, even in the winter, is notoriously bad, as witness the There is also a popular misconception that we receive heat last international radio tests in February, which were most dis- rays from the sun. No such thing happens. It has been defin- appointing for this reason. The explanation lies in the fact itely proved that between the sun and the earth there is no that the increased solar activity, by sending us more electro- appreciable atmosphere. The two bodies, along with the rest magnetic waves, tends to ionize the atmosphere on our planet of the universe, are in a pretty good vacuum. Now we know to such a degree that it amounts to something akin to a short- that heat rays can not be transmitted through a vacuum, other- circuit. wise we would not have the principle of the thermos bottle. The atmosphere through which the radio waves must pass is No heat can be sent across a vacuum. The sun, however, does now of such high conductivity that the waves soon become send us electro -magnetic waves, and we absorbed and consequently do not travel ,,,,,,,,,,,,ol,,,mul,,,,u,,,,,,,,,em,,ummºmIm . do receive light from the sun, but no as far as they do when the air is less heat is actually received until the light THE GOLDEN AGE OF ionized. This is the present accepted rays strike the earth's atmosphere ; SCIENCE theory, and if this theory is correct we where, by impact, the light rays under- is symbolized by the golden cover should not have real excellent radio re- go a certain change, with a result that 1933. maxi- OF SCIENCE & ception again until The makes itself perceptible as heat. INVENTION, LOOK FOR THE GOLD mum of atmospheric conductivity is sup- Another phenomenon takes place at COVER every month! posed to be 1928, after which conditions the same time, and that is the retention Elrnimm probably will not improve till 1933.

, .. .,,..,,,,,, ,,,., ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,l,,.l,,,,,,11111111111m,11111111 ,,,,,,,,,1,1111111111, , ,l, Mr. Hugo Gernsback speakseevery y Monday at 9 P. M. from Station WRNY on various scientific and radio subjects. 295

www.americanradiohistory.com 2% Science and Invention for August, 1926 PHILADELPHIA e/ SESQUICENTENNIAL 6N.D

WELL, it has happened. On May 31st, 1926, the Philadelphia Sesqui- will be the greatest the world has known. The above photograph shows a centennial, celebrating the nation's one hundred and fiftieth birthday, picture of the gigantic Liberty Bell, erected at the entrance to the Sesqui opened with great pomp. Of course, all of the exhibits were not in place grounds. This bell is sixty feet across and contains approximately 26,000 as this magazine goes to press there is still a great amount of work to lights. The bottom is illuminated by flood lights projected from the inter- and The scaffolding has been removed. be done there, but when everything has been finally settled, the Exposition ior of the clapper.

BETWEEN the build- ing called the Market Place of Nuremburg and the Gettysburg building, a rather unique structure is to be erected. A fire- proof construction will be put up and will be so ar- ranged that portions of it will apparently fall down. The walls are to be per- forated with holes from which flames will spring. The crowds are to be giv- en a daily treat by watch- ing people leaping from the burning building and watching the Philadelphia Fire Department battle with the flames. AT the Exposition we find Treasure Island. This was first tried out PARTS Of at Wembley during 1925 `,1 SUILO1NG in the Second Year APPARENTLY of the British Empire Ex- FALLEN DOW position. Here children may meet in the flesh the pirates, princesses, heroes, heroines and the villains of \ the greatest story books. At Philadelphia, Treasure Island occupies about five s times as much space at it did at the Wembley Ex- position. Two Canadian - I Pacific Railway trains, op- ÁRo erate on a 12 -inch gauge -¡ track and reproduce in miniature a journey across GAS P1PE3 Canada. !`TD PRODUCE FLAMES

HERE the magic pool. The VARIOUS portions of the building illustrated above will be permitted to the children will see the pirates' caves and re- pirates' cave is illustrated in the photo above, although at the time drop down. Of course, they do not actually fall, but are merely this photo was taken, the cave was not completed. At the top of the cave leased on hinges. Gas flames are to be used because the gas is under con- there will be a conical mirror and surrounding this a series of lenses will stant control. Here and there a log will drop down from the building and cast their images on a large mirror at the bottom of the cave. The system seemingly narrowly miss a fireman. The battle with the flames is to be as is identical with the camera obscura, except that one composite picture of realistic as can possibly be staged and the leaps from the burning building approaches on all sides is given. will greatly enhance the effect. Drawing shows probable construction.

www.americanradiohistory.com .` `íi'Î,tP

Science and Invention for .1 uou.rt, 1926 297 The Ses ai's Giant Organ By JOSEPH H. KRAITS

THE world's greatest or- gan is to he found at the Philadelphia Sesquicentennial Auditorium. This organ, built by the Austin Organ Co., contains ever 11,000 pipes. The largest of the pipes is thirty-four feet long and the smallest three -eighths of an inch long. The air sup- ply for the organ is obtained oper- from two blowers, one e mph .1'I111I ated by a 40-h.p. motor ami . .. another by a 2-h.p. motor. The diagram at the right showing the construction of the organ shows only a small part of this immense struc- ture. Beneath the pipes one finds an immense chamber, access to which is obtained AIR thrgagh doors four and five. Inasmuch 'as the air-rressure FRESSURE in the :.interior of the cham- ber is greater than atmos- pheric pressure, the valve r immediately above the num- :E ber four on the door, must be opened before you can enter IO V. BATTERY-t A the air -lock. After door 4 ii\ closes, door 5 may be opened by permitting the pressure to enter the air -lock by lifting Circuit is completed valve the door. Look- the on through B to C, ing up toward the ceiling one lifting plate D. This sees masses of wires, magnets permits air pressure and valves and on the floor to enter pipe pushing one finds several accordion - bellows E out, clos- like boxes which slowly or ing valve F and per- rapidly move up and down. mitting pressure These are indicated by num- within the air -chest eral 1. These devices con- to operate bellows trol the louvres or swell H, drawing I and L shutters. to the left. But stop J is down and M is. not, so valve K opens while N re- mains closed and the left pipe l:lays.

The two bottom sections form the largest pipe of this organ. Note the smallest pipe being held in the hand. Photo below shows size of the world's largest organ.

THE beauty of this universal air - chest system, as this large room into which the pipes open is called, is that repairs may be effected while the organ is in actual operation. In addition to that the rear wall indicated by 3 in the upper diagram is movable. Its purpose is to take up the space when a very large quantity of air is suddenly withdrawn from the air -chest. It will be noted in the detailed diagram in the upper right hand corner of this page, that this wall projects into the room and is held by a group of springs. Now, as the room becomes filled with air, the wall is pushed out. Should ten or more keys be suddenly depressed, im- mediately a great volume of air will escape. This moving wall permits of a sustained note of consistent volume. The photograph above shows the keyboard.

Photo

www.americanradiohistory.com 298 Science and Invention for August, 1926 "Potash and Perlmutter" Defy Death In Latest Movie

One of the most remarkable photographs ever published appears at the right, this photo showing full size airplane suspended by cables _rom ceiling of huge movie studio. Powerful electric spotlights both on the ceil- ing and arranged in a circle on the floor, will be noted, while in the center foreground is a "wind machine," comprising an airplane propeller driven by an electric motor. At the left of the scene you will see the movie cam- eras and the operators.

Those who have seen Potash and Perlmutter in "Partners Again" will at once recognize the scenes shown herewith. Note the photo at the extreme [eft where one of the partners is at- tempting to rescue the other as he bangs suspended by the tail of his 44 night shirt, on the edge of the speeding airplane's wing. Note the studio at- taché indicated by the ar- row, who is about to spin the propeller. As the movie cameras grind away, the airplane swings dizzily in the air as the actors go through their performance. Picture in circle shows movie camera and opera- tor taking actual pano- rama scene in flying plane, this scene being super -im- posed on the studio view of actors and dummy Those who have witnessed the screamingly funny movie comedy plane. The super -imposing "Partners Again," featuring the well-known actors George Sid- of two scenes is done in ney and Alexander Carr, will remember the scene where one of one of several ways, as the partners falls from the airplane and shortly thereafter he is seen to be explained in detail below. falling through space, clouds flying by, etc. The picture below shows how the "flying angel" stunt was accomplished. The actor was suspend- ed by a wire attached to a suitable harness, while a moving cyclorama was caused to move vertically behind him. The scene was illuminated with powerful electric lights and the movie camera "did the rest."

Above we see the finished movie scene where the actor is about to tall fron the speeding airplane as it flies along over an "honest to goodness" landscape. The life-like landscape vas photographed from a real airplane. as shown in the circle above, this ,anorama being super-imposed on the film showing the actors and dummy airplane in the studio by double - printing. That is, the two differen- negatives were printed on top of one another to form the positive film.

66 TARTNERS AGAIN," featuring the tographed by a camera man in an airplane proaching each other. The runaway auto in while this was in actual flight, and then the early part of the picture was photo- witty characters of Potash and Perl- camera being turned mutter, has made a big hit with the players on the airplane setting in the graphed, the movie They conse- slowly so that the car (on screen) seemed American movie-goers. The writer saw this studio were superimposed. it really quently worked in perfect safety-at the most to move much more rapidly than very entertaining film comedy and was will- was placed on a platform ing to swear that all the scenes were actually only about fifteen or twenty feet above the did. The camera were of provided on a truck running in front of those taken flying in the air, but the present photos floor. Some shots for the picture the car location, those showing the in the touring car. The scene where and descriptions prove that he was "fooled course taken on which rises, is all the scenes aboard the actors getting aboard the airplane, and those runs out on the drawbridge again." Practically the aid of a cable secured airplane were photographed by the double - showing the airplane rising from the ground accomplished with printing process. The background was pho- above the automobile as these two are ap- to the auto.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for d ugust, 1926 299

'ihe picture below shows how scenes of speeding pleasure car in "Partners Again" were taken, the movie camera being mounted on platform ar- ranged on back of motor truck speeding along ahead of the other vehicle. The three strips of film shown at the left of the picture show how airplane and scenic background at 1 and 2 res- pectively, were super -imposed by double -printing to form the composite scene shown at Fig. 3.

The method of photographing the hair-raising drawbridge scene in "Partners Again" is shown in the ac- companying picture. A cable was se- cured to the auto in order to help in having positive control of it as it ascended the rising drawbridge. The apaacent high speed of the auto as it lets go the top of the bridge and made to reverse end for end, with the help of a slippery descends, was obtained by turning bridge, caused by the movie camera slowly. The car was wetting with a hose, together with cable. The actors really tool; ch.-;;,cep. New Yardstick for Jokes

The truth of the old adage "he who laughs last, laughs best" was tested recently in the Riverside Theatre in New York City. "Topics of the Day," a film of jokes and gags, was shown during the test and with the aid of the machine it was determined exactly what jokes the public laughed the most at. The machine used for measuring the volume of ap- plause or laughter was the same one recently used in measuring the degree of sound in various parts of large cities. Thus science has produced a new "yardstick for jokes."

www.americanradiohistory.com 300 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Could the Whale Swallow Jonah Among the Many Miraculous Feats Mentioned in Biblical History, That of Jonah Being Swallowed by a Big Fish Has Perhaps Caused as Many Arguments as Any of the Miracles By H. WINFIELD SECOR

(The information in this article has been obtained by the kind co-operation of Dr. Frederick A. Lucas, expert on whales at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City.)

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www.americanradiohistory.com 301 Science and Invention for August, 1926

STOMACH CONTRACT- STOMACH STOMACH ING AND EXPANDING EAR STOMACH GASES - THROAT EYE\ THROAT PASSAGE

SLOW- FLIPPER TEETHt HOLE MOUTH OF SPERM WHALE GASTRIC JUICES DETAIL OF - ACTING ON SPERM WHALES SKIN

opinion, there is one whale known as the Sperm under ordinary conditions by a Sperm Whale he would be confronted Contrary to popular in whale's stomach, Whale, is capable of swallowing a man. The arrangement of with the action of the powerful gastric juices the which him, not to the tossing on the lower jaw, the location of stomach, eye and ear, as well together with gases which would suffocate mention teeth and expansions of the whale's stomach. as throat are shown in the picture above. If a man was swallowed around caused by the contractions about two things to do with the matter of we might say, and these great preachments tempest broke over the sea and at Jonah's Jonah and the big fish; that is, either ac- of Biblical lore could not do any harm but suggestion, the men on the ship threw him cept it, or reject it. if we accept it, the only good. into the sea and the waves subsided. At is finished and one need go no further. In studying the chapter of Jonah in the this time the great fish mentioned in the story and But it makes a very interesting question to Bible, one finds that Jonah sailed from the Bible swallowed Jonah and three days what would happen to a man seaport of Joppa on a ship bound for Tar - three nights later, he was vomited forth on consider just or like Jonah today, if he happened to be swal- shish, at the western end of the Mediter- dry land. This fish, if it was a whale a great big fish or a whale, the ranean. Shortly after sailing, a mighty resembled a whale, might have been driven lowed by land or shoal w being popularly tóward the t o water by some of his synonomous. the As one student of the enemies, such as in an in- killer whale, or possibly subject stated of an extinct terview with the writer,. other fish a basic species. The killer there is no doubt terrors thread of fact behind whales are the Biblical mir- of the deep, so far as each of the are con- acles; and it is very the big whales that the events cerned today, and those probable are familiar with that actually did occur, who being whale fishing state that often handed the big 70 down by word of mouth frequently before and 80 foot whales will for generations in were written by beach themselves they in their ef- the scribes of those shoal waters become forts to get away from times, have which much distorted and in the killer whales, no doubt un- attack the big whale and litany cases out. duly exaggerated. As then tear his tongue many modern preachers It might be interesting in this re- to state at this point that have stated feeds spect, we should not the average whale forget the fact that in on small fish, but the times most of sperm whale, the one Biblical a the happenings took capable of swallowing place in an oriental man feeds mostly on country or countries, squid. These squid and the people of that vary in size from 6 to section of the world, 9 feet, and can be the same as today, have chewed with the aid of a different type of mind the powerful teeth on than the Anglo-Saxon. the lower jaw of the They desire to have Some idea of the huge size of the flukes and tail o. a whale is obtainable from the photograph sperm whale, this being things painted large, as above, which shows a whale being cut up on board a whaling boat. (Cont'd on page 377)

The whale, which is a mammal and not a fish, is very powerful and has been known repeatedly to tow a 90 -ft. steam -driven whaling boat ahead at 10 to 12 miles an hour, while the ves- sel's engine and propeller were in re- verse. Fig. S: How a whale some- times fools men in small boats, com- ing up under them to blow. Fig. C: How a whale killed a man with one blow of his tail. Fig. D shows bow twelve men could stand in the open mouth of a blue whale.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 1,000,000 Horse- Power Electric Plant

The 1,000,- 000 H. P. central sta- stion of the New York Edison Co. now build- ing, could outpull 2,000,000 FRANCE °7 horses in U. S.

III jThe photo above . is , a very excep- tional one in that it shows clearly the remarkable I II ?rib' steam turbine blades and relative size as compared with a man; The new East River central station will produce as much power these steam turbines will drive the as that used in France last year; France is the best lighted huge electric generators in the new country in Europe. East River station of the New York Edison Company. The station will contain nine of these gigantic steam turbo -generators, each having a ca- pacity of 60,000 kilowatts or 80,000 horse-power; together with additional equipment which will give a total capacity of 700,000 kilowatts, or 1,000,000 horse-power. «!t The photo at the extreme center left shows the relative size of a man in comparison to one of the huge 60,000 kw. steam turbines, which is shown under test. These mighty steam tur- bines will be the biggest units of their kind ever built. The glass door cabinet at the immediate left shows radio coherer, de -coherer, re- lays, etc., used for detecting the approach of thunder -storms when several miles away. This enables boilers to be fired up in time for The new extra load. 1,000.000 H. P. central sta- tion of the New York Edison Com- pany will produce 100,- 000 more kilo- watts than Muscle Shoals' main plant. The amount of coal and ashes to bo handled daily appears below. Volume of steam condensing COAL water per minute and 165 TONS per day. PER Hr. ASH 50sQ VOLUME 8Y3FT. PER HIGH 24 HRS. 600 TONS

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For steam condensing purposes the new central station will borrow and return 800,000 gallons of water from the East River each minute; volume 50x50x43 ft.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 303 Building for 1,000,000 H.P. Central Station 1100 Feet Long The picture below shows what the new East River station of the New York Edison Company can do when it comes to lighting six room homes. This station could light 3,000,000 six room homes, figuring 250 watts per house, this number of houses being sufficient to line both sides of a street running clear around the world. This figure considers 100 feet separating the center lines of the houses.

The photo above shows the first unit of the new East River sta- tion of the New York Edison Company taken a short time ago. When this gigantic steam -electric power plant is completed in 1930, it will comprise a building 1100 ft. long or about one-fourth mile; 207 ft. wide; and seven stories, or 120 ft. high. As shown on the opposite page, two ocean steamships could stand end to end along the side of this huge central station. Seven giant smoke-stacks will appear along one side of the building, but thanks to modern scientific firing methods, and also to the keen eye of the observer who watches the tops of the smoke- stacks all day long of 42 CITY BLOCKS for any sign smoke, there will 2 MILES be no complaint from smoke on the part of the public Photo below shows comparative size of men and end casting of or city officials. huge 60,000 K. W. steam turbine, a number of which are to be installed in the new 1,000,000 H. P. central station of the New York Edison Co.

Picture above illus- trates how coal will be brought to central sta- tion by ocean-going vessels; ash- es will be carted away on barges. If this were not the case, New York's streets would be cluttered up with more than 500 large coal trucks which would extend for about 2 1/3 miles or 42 blocks. To signal Mars would be a simple matter with the new 1,000,000 H. P. central station at our command. It would light 14,000,000 50 -watt lamps spaced ten feet apart, lighting an area 7.1 miles square.

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...v.`PENNSYLVANIA V\ / s With the addition of\\ se new East River station, Man- ', hattan Island will have suf- \, What the service of electricity ficent electrical generating means to us today is evident equipment to light the homes, from the above picture. It has factories, streets and public JERSEY been computed that the city buildings of all New York man has the equivalent of Sate, exclusive of New York 30 servants working for him. City.

www.americanradiohistory.com 304 Science and Invention for August, 1926 A Cookless Household By KAY WILLIAMS

The above photo. graph chows t h e food being loaded into holders before the entire meal is placed in an outer container, prepara- tory to shipment out to any one of the five thousand f am- ilies which are being After the pans supplied by t his have been thor- with oughly scoured English firm OIL>... hot meals. At the and dried the right heated coals order is filled by are being put in the one of the chefs. outer container. _..efiejt,`

AT Finchley, England, an enter- prising firm of caterers has come to the rescue of tenants in apart- ments which are not equipped with facilities for cooking meals, those who do not care about fussing f s their kitchens and those who are unable to spare the necessary time. Orders for the meals are taken by way of phone and are delivered The homes supplied by this organization need no longer fill within an hour to over 5,000 famil- their apartments with disagreeable cooking odors. The meals, ies. The food is kept hot by means piping hot, are delivered to your table. of a small charcoal fire which is found in the bottom of each outer container, the food itself being placed in a group of pans stacked one upon the other and held to- gether in a suitable rack. Even the task of washing the dishes is eliminated, as they are later picked up and returned.

This is a diagrammatic In the above photograph the heated containers are being view through the food loaded in a motor truck preparatory to delivery to the carrier; note that the air homes, and at the right the piping hot delicately prepared enters through a vent, finished meal is being delivered to the mistress of the house passes through charcoal or the maid as the case may be. Notice the clasps holding and escapes at the top. the bottom heating chamber in place.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 Íßl How Matches Are Made How Strike Everywhere Safety Matches Are Made By J. KAY LONDON

Figure 1, above shows one method of barking logs before putting them into the veneer- ing machine, shown in illus- ..amar ,am.ar -:.-... tration 2. THE story on this page shows how matches are made. After the crude lumber arrives at the match company, it is cut in two -foot lengths and is barked in either mechanical barkers or by hand. The lumber is then placed in a lathe -like veneering machine, where it is'held:between two jaws and rotated while a horizontal knife gradually; feeds in tòward it and shaves off a layer of veneer of the thickness of a match. Three vertical knives cut the veneer into strips six inches wide. These strips are examined and placed in the machine, 3, which again cuts each strip into three pieces and gives us the square match stick. The matches are blown to the hopper, 4, from which they fall into an impregnating bath, heated by steam. The pur- pose of the bath is to prevent afterglow. The paddle wheel insures complete submergence. They are raked out of this bath to the endless belt passing through a steam heated dryer as illustrated in back of Fig. 4 and again in 5. From the end of the dryer they fall into a violently agitated box, 6, having parallel wooden partitions and thin metal partitions between. The matches are thus prevented from falling in a haphazard manner and drop into cells all facing in the same direction. On lifting the cover, the trays are removed and placed in the match machine 12. Here a metal comb jams them into other perforated trays whence they pass respectively to a paraffin bath, 9, and then over the rollers which apply the ignition head, 10, then the striking head, 11, and thence out to the front of the machine, finished.

In illustration 6 a mechanism is indicated which piles up the matches. The headless matches can r only fall into the cells in a parallel position. y In illustration 3 the veneer is being shaved by a guillotine -like knife. The ... eighty or more pieces of veneer six inches wide, are cut into 240 or more j41.4 individual match sticks. These fall into a hopper and by means of air are blown upstairs to an impregnating solution shown in illustration 4.

Sir/king head: Phosphorous Sesqu= su/phide Ch/orafe of This is a photo Potash,6/ae -, of a match ma- and fil/a/: chine which turns out 24,- 000,000 match- es per day.

RIM 14!!i ts >r ' Thick, mo/asses /ike substance; same as\ HIM striking, head excepf; very Nile sesqui.- su/phrGe of Phos- horous and diffe a/Fi/lec- Photo courtesy Liberty Match Co., Inc.

www.americanradiohistory.com 306 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Recent News In Science A(.TOMOBILE which travels on snow, 4444* ice, water or ground. George McLaugh- lin, a Bangor, Maine, automobile expert, has invented and built this machine illustrated at the left. It is equipped with a seventy horse-power airplane motor and the machine will make sixty miles an hour on the road. It has air -tight pontoons on both sides under the running boards, and the top is constructed of boards crossed in two layers, with water- proof canvas between them. The machine is steered by the front wheels, of the disk type, when operated on either land or water. This freak auto will carry five passengers com- fortably and it is large and roomy. The air- plane motor spins a six-foot propeller which is protected by a guard in the manner here illustrated. The propulsion of the vehicle is similar to that of an airplane.

ARINE men at Los Angeles, California, are IM trying to solve the mystery of the strangest craft that has yet visited that port; a three -balled water velocipede It has a single girder across which is placed a small auto chassis, the engine of which propels the craft; while steering is effected by lateral changes in the position of the forward sphere. The inventor of the craft, although he has made several public trial trips with the vessel, refuses to divulge his name or his future plans for his weird invention.>

Flettner i n - vented the ro- tor ship and here at the right we see the latest scien- tific idea in windmills, the rotor windmill, devised by one George Jacobs of New York City. This rotor jThe picture above shows rear view of the three-balled windmill gen- water velocipede, the differential gear of a small automo- erates consid- bile driving the two rubber covered rear spheres, the sur- erably more face of these spheres being provided with vanes in order power than the to afford propulsion. The balls may be made from metal ord i n a r y or wood framework covered with heavy rubberized cloth. design.

DR. HOUGH, a scientist in the National Museum, Washington, D. C., is shown here with a collec- tion of artificial lighting objects on which he has de- voted years. On the table from left to right can be seen: "Revolutionary" horn, dark lantern of copper, used in 1776; Spanish resin torch used in the Middle Ages; Finnish splint holder in which a piece of pine splint was used to light the home of the Iron Age.; fire -fly lantern used by natives of the West Indies a century ago, lamp beam of a crude boat shape used 900 years ago. In Dr. Hough's hand is classic shaped lantern, eighteenth century, English type. Our grand- «4Efathers would be amazed at modern lighting fixtures.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 307 Making Records With Light Rays Photo -Electric Cell Improves Phonograph Recording

APHOTO -ELECTRIC cell for making pho- nograph records has been put into operation by the Brunswick Recording Laboratories. So sensitive is this recorder that it actually re- sponds, if desired by the operator, to a person's heartbeats at a distance of thirty feet from the instrument. The weight of the entire mech- anism which responds directly to the sound waves is only .02 milligram. If the sensitiv- ity of the instrument is to be decreased, the rheostat controlling the lamp filament is turned down, thus producing a weaker beam of light. The photo -electric cell used is of the potassium type rather than of selenium, because the for- mer is much more sensitive. The cell has been tested to respond to 72,000 vibrations or in- terruptions per second, which is a much greater pitch than the human ear can possibly hear. In actual practice, three stages of audio -fre- quency amplification are employed, although but two are shown in the diagram illustrated at the bottom of this page. This particular type of recording apparatus may be used in part for transmitting purposes in radio broadcasting stations. Not only is the transmitter better than the standard form of microphone, but it is far more sensitive, yet under constant control and is not subject to the same defects as the regular carbon microphones now used.

The above photograph shows an orchestra under the leadership of Louis Katzman recording for phonograph records, using the new photo-electric cell mechanism to give purer and better results.

THE possibilities of using the photo -elec- tric cell for recording and other purposes were again demonstrated for making phono- graph records. Instead of singing into a large megaphone as has been the case in the past, the voice of the singer or the strains of the music of an orchestra now impinge on a small aluminum cone. This aluminum cone is affix- ed to a thin wire and a small V-shaped steel sliver and a mirror. The V-shaped piece of steel is mounted on a V, formed by two pieces of sapphire and is held in place by the mag- netic attraction of the permanent magnet. The mirror, itself, moves a maximum distance of one two -millionth of an inch, and the weight of mirror, cone and wedge is .02 of a milli- gram. The light from a small twelve -volt concentrated filament lamp reflects on the mirror after passing through a condensing lens and again is condensed by anther lens be- fore entering the photo-electric cell.

.MUSIC FROM HERE

The above two photographs show a front and back view of the photo-electric cell recording instrument dgiSMalib now being employed to make phonograph records. With this mechanism it is possible to obtain finer MIZZIRIVOI graduations in sound and to record more faithfully both voice and music. With such a system there is practically no inertia on the part of the recording diaphragm and due to the fact that the cutting stylus PERMANENT receives of energy from the vacuum amplifier ALUMINUM CONE MAGNET plenty tube very minute changes in sound are faithfully cut into the record. A similar system is used for broadcasting work and this outfit may be found at Station WGY, Schenectady, in place of the usual microphone. w1702 Trig

MAXIMUM EUMINUM DIAPHRAGM MOVEMENT OF MIRROR SMALL MIRROR When the mirror is at EONDENSING' INCH rest, the reflected light LE N5 2.00 0.000 LIGHT BEAM does not enter the photo- electric cell, but is cut off -o OUTPUT ro CONDENSING by a portion of the sur- CONCENTRATEDIL LAMP RECORR LENSES I rounding container, t h e l55 front of which is slotted to LARGE LAMP ge4DENSING permit the light PHOTO CCU. PHOTO ELECTR IC to enter. LENS b CELL IN CASE It will he noted in the 11 UF- 0 photographs that a vac- uum RESISTANE 12V. STORAGE tube is mounted on RHEOSTAT BATTERY the stand holding the I. INPUT photo -electric cell, t h e LAMP 0 o TO GRID OF lamp and the mirror. The AMPLIFIER TUBE purpose of mounting the CONTROL BOX p Iz v zoo v soo t/ The above diagram illustrates in picture form how tube there is to permit of the light recorder is used. Music causes a small a very short grid lead 111 111- aluminum cone to vibrate back and forth shifting the from the photo -electric The above diagram is a complete plan layout of the photo -electric cell beam of light to the photo-electric cell. _ cell to the tube. recording apparatus and the amplifier.

www.americanradiohistory.com 303 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Photographing Aircraft Bombs in Flight

By S. R. WINTERS

different altitudes. That is, the small lens would be unable to make a satisfactory impression, if any at all, of an airplane at a relatively great height. The oblique or slanting camera is mounted with its (Continued on page 377)

ACAMERA that can visually follow an airplane in its course of flight and make photographic notations of a bomb in flight, are among the remarkable achievements to be credited to an invention of the Ordnance Department of the United States Army. Just as the theodolite enables the Weather Bureau to keep tab on kites sent on upper -atmospheric errands for weather data, this new mechanical eye of the Ordnance Department will make possible a minute study of the behavior of aircraft in flight and the attendant conditions of releasing and exploding bombs. This camera obscura consists of two cameras-one vertical and the other oblique or slanting in focus. That is to say, the vertical camera makes possible the securing of the image of an object flying directly overhead and the camera slanting to an angle of about 45 degrees en- ables the taking of a picture of an airplane at any height and at angles

Photo above shows elec- FIELD OF VIEW tric chronograph appara- OF THE LENS tus which records the time elapsing between dropping -FOR VERTICAL the bomb and the moment of explosion. OBSERVATION- Photo at left shows pit - FOR HORIZONTAL containing microphone OBSERVATION - used to record sound and LENS , hence time of burst. mipToR EPEE The arrangement of the two cameras for photo- graphing vertical and horizontal views appear at right. deviating from a vertical position. This duplex camera, unlike the theodolite in following the course of a weather -observing balloon, is stationary during the observation period. It is permanently mounted at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds, and its advantages over previously designed cameras, in the main, are threefold; the power of the lens may be large, the field of vision of the lense is wide, and a perma- nent record is obtained of aircraft in flight or other moving object. The vertical camera is equipped with three lenses of varying focal lengths, namely, 30 inches, 10 feet, and 20 feet, respectively, each mounted on a separate table. The field or range of vision of the small lens is 60 degrees, that of the 10 -foot lens 30 degrees, and that of the 20 -foot lens not over 20 degrees. It is necessary for the object under surveillance to be nearly directly over the camera; the varying sizes of the lenses being necessary for making images of aircraft at

Photo above shows end view of camera house in which specially devised cameras photograph both i/1, horizontal and vertical views of bombing plane and bomb. That data is used in studying fall of bombs.

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www.americanradiohistory.com 30' ) Science and Invention for August, 1926 Electric Ostrich Tamer Heavy Oil Engine .uvm/l. u,,,,yw;.+,a.w./a,aVbie.nuìdfr. IÚr

The ostrich is a ferocious fighter when once aroused SECONDARY TERMINALS and some ostriches are naturally of a scrappy na- ture. Above we see in use a new electric ostrich VIBRATOR tamer and it was used recently by a man who had ADJUSTING SCREW charge of a car load of these birds shipped from PUSH-BUTTON Los Angeles, California, to Newark, N. J. The de- PRIMARY vice is made from a bamboo pole with suitable TERMINALS shocking coil and batteries. BATTERY The new heavy oil engine for aircraft shown is under development by the U. S. Navy ex- Above and at the left details are giv- perts. This engine was designed and built by VIBRATOR PUSH BUTTON METAL PLATES of A. P. of Montreal, It ADJU5TIN6 en the electric ostrich tamer. A Mr. Attendu, Canada. SCREW (BAMBOO POLE powerful induction coil such as used is a two cylinder, two stroke cycle solid in- for ignition and similar purposes is jection auto -ignition aircraft engine, having a used in connection with several flash- bore of 5% inches and a stroke of 6% inches, WIRES light cells, the circuit being closed designed to develop 125 H.P. on 3.5 lbs. per SHOCKING DRY CELL CARRYING SHOCK CURREN with a pushbutton. H.P. hour. The engine operates at 1800 R.P.M. COIL BATTERIES burning 23° Baume oil. Four Cylinder Engine for Small Airplanes

In the July and the present numbers of this magazine there is described a speedy sport plane and herewith is a picture of a similar sport plane fitted with the power- ful, yet light airplane engine described and pictured below. The light weight of the four - cylinder airplane engine here described is apparent from the way the young lady at left holds it. This engine weighs sixty pounds with carburetor, magneto and propeller hub, yet develops 25 H. P. HIS four cylinder airplane motor installed in a sport plane of the type here shown, has produced a maximum speed of nearly one hundred miles per hour, and a ceiling of 15,000 ft. The weight of this motor com- plete, including carburetor, mag- neto, propeller -hub, etc., is only 60 lbs., yet this little four cylinder motor is capable of developing 20 to 25 H.P. and only consumes PA gallons of gasoline and / pint of oil per hour. making the little sport plane very economical to operate, as the total operating expense averages 50 cents per 100 miles. This engine is very easily mounted as the greatest diameter is 23 inches. It is very accessible and any of the units may be dis- mantled without taking the motor out of the frame. Cylinders are gray iron, crankshaft is of chrome vanadium steel, while crank case is of silicon aluminum.

www.americanradiohistory.com 31J Science and Invention for August, 1926 IN THE BASTILLE As the Ancients TORTURE IN RECENT DAYS Gave "Third Degree"

APPLYING THE "WATER CURE"

;te,Aik , op. A prisoner in the Bastille. In its last days there were very few prisoners in it. The r_ revolutionary mob seem to have destroyed it tie> as a symbol. The victim stretched in a position involving the torment of the rack is having water poured into THE HUMAN TIJRNSPIT him. It will be remembered that during the Spanish American War the "water cure" was inflicted.

Upper right, a prisoner elrir in Auburn State Pris- on in this state was subjected to the water torture, and died under the effects. The in- quest and trial each had the aspect of a "whitewash." Many of the ancient tortures involved the use of water in various ways. Some of these water tortures were described in previous articles of this series.

Here we have an example of the "water cure" plain and simple. It is supposed to have been a very severe tor. A victim roasted on the spit as if he were a ture. joint from the butcher shop. LAPIDATION A CAGE A cage in which the vic- tims we r e Iocked up and exposed in public. It was THE WITCH'S often mounted BRIDLE so as to be turned by hard. T h e torture was in the direction of t h e character o I mortifica- tion and dis- grace.

The victim is dragged over the ground by a horse, while stones are thrown at him so as to kill him eventually perhaps by an accidental Coup -de -Grace. The Jewish lapidation was very specifically regulated.

TORTURE ON THE RACK The, illustration needs no description. It is the famous stretching the victim on the rack. Among the historical vic- tims was the celebrated Guy Fawkes. His signature after the torture was so affected that it told the story.

These cage -like metal masks were on other criminals than witches, although they were given the title of Witch's Bridle. Here a modicum of torture was combined with the mortification and disgrace of the exposure.

www.americanradiohistory.com 311 -Science and Invention for August, 1926 Ancient Torture Methods Part III By T. O'CONOR SLOAN, Ph.,D.

THERE is little doubt that if every- The most extraordinary dis- one followed at least the leading crepancies occur in the detail of moral precept as formulated in the the number of victims, so much religious codes of the different peoples so that one is forced to the con- of the earth, or even if the golden rule clusion that the statistics are of would be literally carried out, government very little value and that the and statutory legislation might properly cease, large numbers are grossly ex- but the awful crimes which are chronicled aggerated. Thus it is stated ;day by day in this country, Chicago's daily that between 1308 and 1323 only 'murder, lynchings and the infliction of tor- 42 who were convicted of heresy ture ranging from flogging to burning alive were handed over to the secular inflicted by mobs whether named or name- authority which means that less, indicate the necessity for statute law. they were executed, and that in A lawyer friend of the writer defines law the same period of time only as the "rules of the game," just as we have 930 were convicted of heresy.

'rules for playing card games. Within a few ,:1:1::1:1::,1,11111.:111111111111,,,,111,::,,.:::111:11111n::,1:1::::::,:11:,,,,111 days of this writing, a foreigner who had The Ducking Stool. This may fairly 'been in prison for eight years for àtraltéged be termed one of the milder tortures `murder, which he never committed, and of our forefathers, although the feel- whose condemnation was due to the fact that ing of utter helplessness when im- "the interpreter who served in court did not mersed in water and going through in he spoke, the agony of suffocation made it no understand the dialect which light punishment. It seemed to have has had his innocence recognized and pub- been applied usually to women. lished, and now society, often a monster of Here a man is the sufferer. injustice, proposes to deport him, but not a :1111111n1::,:,::1:g: :::::1:11::11141.1.t111111:11111111111111111:1:,11111111111111111111m word has been published of any proposal to remunerate him in any way, or give him any Now suppose that every mur- compensation for what was done to him. derer in the United States was Some years ago we could read in the executed, remembering that for papers of the burning of an unfortunate one of our cities a murder a negro, alive, and it is said that he got free day is claimed, the deaths in from the bonds enough to try and escape the United States per annum as from the flames and was pushed back by the inflicted by law would run up crowd, so it seems that legal statutes are into the thousands. insufficient to prevent crime, that the golden In the middle ages, religion rule is held sacred by so few people that its and politics were very closely effects are but slight, and that religion with united, probably as closely as its spiritual code has not yet reformed the they are today in the State of world. And it is, at this epoch in the world's Tennessee. So those who history, when such deeds as these are per- wish to condemn the ways of petrated over and over again, when the the Church of the Middle Ages, depict the some attempt was made to reveal the psy- modified torture of the third degree is prac- dreadful doings of the Spanish inquisition. chology of what is on the whole a rather tised by the police that people go back The doings of the Spanish inquisition were dreadful subject. And we said something four, five and six hundred years in the those which had been done since the cen- about the numbers affected by the wretched world's history and attack the methods of turies preceding the Christian era-torture system, but it is probable that if people were those days without apparently thinking of for the purpose of eliciting confession or get- asked at what period of the world, and for what is done in this 20th century in a civil- ting testimony from witnesses had been what cause or causes, the greatest number of ized country, the custom for centuries, and is practically victims were tortured and killed by fire, the The mixture of religion and politics is a approved of by many people of the present first off -hand answer would be-in Spain, in bad one. This is pretty generally conceded, day. The number of victims of the Span- the 13th and 14th centuries, and perhaps but the mixing process goes on at the pres- ish inquisition is not known, so it presents a later. But there was an era when the burn- ent clay and when our criticism of past convenient field for exaggeration and it is ing alive of innocent people was carried out eras is based largely on the specific desire hard to abuse the customs of that day with- to a greater and frightful extent-when the to criticize unfavorably different religious out dragging in the church, even if it were law tortured and burned alive countless in- tenets, the criticisms are not worth very desired to do this. nocent victims and when a wave of it swept much. In preceding articles of this series, across the Atlantic and for what was for- tunately a very brief period, stained the his- tory of New England. The system was up- held as it was by the grim and celebrated clergyman of the period, the son of the President of Harvard University, the Puri- tan writer, Cotton Mather. We are allud- ing to the so-called "witchcraft." This is a vari- The belief in witchcraft was widely ation on the spread in the centuries and in the 16th Strapado, but a early little in the di- and 17th century, superstition and the civil rection of law, united in a firm union and attacked this mercy. In the subject. In carrying out the iniquitous pro- Strapado both ceeding, the old, illogical theory of extort- arms were dis- ing a confession by torture was applied right located at the and left to numberless victims. If a person shoulders, but here the agony was accused of being a witch, or if suspicion is concentrated attached to him or her, this was enough to on one. The justify in the iniquitous code of the time, guards are en- the application of torture to extort a con- joying them- fession, and the confession meant hanging or selves in the burning alive. A person who was accused background. was supposed to plead guilty or not guilty. If he or she pleaded "not guilty," the victim could be tortured to extort a confession. In England, if an accused person refused to plead, the law, recognizing the hopelessness of doing anything, crushed the accused one under great weights, apparently with some (Continued on page 371)

www.americanradiohistory.com 312 Science and Invention for August, 1926 The Illuminated Eiffel Tower

Three views of the Eiffel Tower are given above. It is now illuminated at night, sometimes for advertising purposes. Fig. 1 gives a view of one side of it as il- luminated, and in Fig. 3 there is shown another aspect of its lighting up. The wonderfully graceful structure is shown in Fig. 2.

IN 1889, more than a third of a century or 984 feet, and 7,000 tons of steel were used on three sides of the Tower. The cables ago, the Eiffel Tower was erected in Paris, in its construction. It cost over a million alone are 32 in number, over 500 feet in ag- in the Champs de Mars. March 31st was dollars and the majority was supplied by gregate length, and weigh about 15 tons. the date of its completion. There was an the constructor, the famous French engineer, During the exposition restaurants were exposition in progress in Paris and the Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. maintained on the lowest platform, whose Tower was one of the features. Among the various functions of the area was nearly an acre in extent, and the It rests on a base as defined by its corner Tower, the present one where it is used for profit for the year 1889 nearly paid for the pillars, about 330 feet square. Where the the advertisement of the Citroen cars, seems cost of the Tower. It now forms the tal- pillars terminate and where the second sec - too much of an everyday one. Two differ- lest radio mast in the world, and of all the ton of the Tower may be said to begin, a ent phases of the illumination are shown in structures erected by man none approaches considerable height is attained. We refer to our illustration. The word "Citroen" is it in height except radio masts at some of the central picture. This point is marked by spelled out on the tower by the lamps and the great stations. the second horizontal platform or division. each letter is 92 feet high. There are 600,- Considerable use has been made of the The height of the structure is 300 meters 000 lamps in the display which is maintained Tower for scientific investigations. Tele -Photos Trap Fruit Thieves MOTOR -car ex- J ,;h*.;, rant photographer that cursionists of all :-- t"-ti his picture is "took," ".....;;;1111 j. classes seem un- S will be ready to pay a able to resist orchard - fancy price for the robbing, and repeated film, and he generally fines and prosecutions is. Certain apparently have no apparent ef- lonely and unprotected fect. But ingenuity orchards near a motor - has turned this curse road are now proving into a blessing for the highly productive. It struggling fruitgrow- is a poor Sunday or er. A telephoto cam- holiday that doesn't era is now part of the see some orchard -pil- orchardist's outfit, and lager paying up to de- it is liable to click at stroy the evidence any moment from am- ; against him. The pho- bush when raiders are e....y tograph along with the about. The idea is Y car number noted gives y,4 unpleasant c e r t i - that the culprit, learn- c-ltormfflc ing from the indig- tude for the motorist.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science rind Invention for August, 1926 313 New No -Glare Headlights Many automobile accidents each year are caused by glaring headlights. The engineers of the great General Electric Company have devised a new non -glare headlight for automobile use. The photo at the right shows Mr. W. D'Arcy Ryan. well-known illumination engineer, demon- strating these new headlights. The photo below shows how the beam is thrown down to the ground, while the side illumination lights up signs as well as pedestrians very clearly.

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Its - i.zo .zs LOO au p/JTNMCC .M AEA, PM, ne.1.01-AMPS B NC O Eq F The diagram above shows the distance at which the maximum candle -power of the new no -glare headlights strikes the road surface, with the lamps mounted thirty inches above the roadway. It is practically impossible for the driver of an approaching vehicle to be blinded by the beam from these headlights, while the side illumination obtained is remarkable. Besides the wide side-illumination enabling pedestrians and signs to be seen readily, the THE present no -glare headlight projects a chassis and front wheels are also illuminated. double crescent from but one incandes- cent bulb in the lamp. Two important features of this new lamp are the non -focus- ing element and the beam adjusting element. By the first, lamps can be changed without focusing, and in states where they permit either 21 or 32 candle -power lamps, the fixed adjustment feature is all that is required. Have some one take about 100 paces in ad- In the laboratory tests of the new headlight there was absolutely no glare observable, un- In actual tests persons standing 3 feet back of vance, while the depressing screw is given a the light and 5 feet to either side, could be less one placed their head on the floor at the seen by persons 100 feet in front. few turns until the observer sees no glare. 100 ft. mark. Radio Television at Last ? MODEL STUDIES FILM MODEL'S FACE ILLUMINATED MOVEMENTS AND ACTS THEM BY STRONG LIGHT PHONEY WIRES PROJECTOR THROWS LOOP AS FILM MOVING PICTURE IMAGE ON SCREEN 0, MACHINE 4 MIRROR GREEN ILLUMINATED SCREEN MIRROR

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Radio or wire television is the goal toward which scientists all over the at right studying and going through the actions thrown on screen at left. world are striving. The pictures above illustrate a show window attraction In the scheme shown at right the model's image is projected by mirrors which will demonstrate television in an interestng manner. The picture at through a hidden pipe on to a screen covering the opening at the end of left shows "phoney" radio apparatus and a small movie projector, the model the pipe, as the illustration shows.-E. Wolf.

www.americanradiohistory.com 314 Science and Invention for August, 1926 American Chemist Discovers New Element By C. F. SCHURCH, B. Sc., M. Sc. sands, the mineral from which the ATOMIC WEIGHT oxides for Welsbach gas mantles are 55.84 procured. These sands are very rich IRON in a number of elements that are known as the rare earth elements, and 144-150 ILLINIUM it is to this group that illinium be- longs. Several of these elements are 207.15 really rare, but the manufacture of LEAD millions of gas mantles each year from the rare earth oxideds, cena and Diagram above shows position of new ele- thoria, has caused the accumulation ment "Illinium" in scale of atomic weights. of great heaps of residues rich in

-er(ß At left: expert hold- ing tube containing all available "Illinium" in the world at the present time.

Probable uses of il- linium: 1, in Wels- bach gas mantles; 2, tracer bullet 3 gas lighter; 4, purifier for iron and aluminum; 5, improved arc lamp; 6, mordant in dyeing fabrics; 7, antiseptic; 8, for coloring porce- lain. . these elements. Four hundred pounds of these residues were concentrated and purified to give half an ounce of the new element, illinium. Nothing is known as yet of the properties of the new element but it is assumed to re- THE discovery semble in some degree its nearest neighbors in of il(iniunz at the atomic series, neodymium, number 60, and the University samarium, number 62. Compounds of neo- of Illinois dymium impart beautiful colors to porcelain, marks the first and are used for such widely different pur- Ameri- poses the manufacture of glass can contribution to as blue optical the list of chemical and the preparation of antiseptic dressings. elements, of which ninety have ORDER OF THE ELEMENTS IN THE thus far CHEMICAL LADDER: been discovered. The value Name Name of the discovery Atomic Atomic cannot be reckoned Number Number now, but the import- 1. Hydrogen 48. Cadmium ant thing is that a 2. Helium 49. Indium new material has been 3. Lithium 50. Tin 4. Glucinum 51. Antimony placed in the hands of 5. Boron 52. Tellurium the scientist and that 6. Carbon 53. Iodine whatever valuable 7. Nitrogen 54. Xenon 8. Oxygen 55. Caesium properties it may 9. Fluorine 56. Barium possess now can be 10. Neon 57. Lanthanum studied to see if it can 11. Sodium 58. Cerium 12. Magnesium 59. Praeseodymium be put to use. 13. Aluminum 60. Neodymium All matter in this 14. Silicon 61. Illinium (the new 15. Phosphorus element) 1926 universe of ours is Samarium made up 16. Sulphur 62. of 92 chemi- 17. Chlorine 63. Europium cal elements -possibly 18. Argon 64. Gadolinium 65. Terbium more. In 1914 a young 119. Potassium 20. Calcium 66. Holmium British scientist, 67. Dysprosium -ray and other apparatus in laboratory where illinium was first produced. 21. Scandium Moseley, showed that 22. Titanium 68. Erbiant all the known 23. Vanadium 69. Thulium elements 70. Ytterbium can be in neighboring 24. Chromium arranged a sort of chemical ladder, dicted from the spectra of the 25. Manganese 71. Lutecium from hydrogen, the lightest element, as the elements. With this knowledge to guide 26. Iron 72. Hafnium (1923) first rung, to uranium, the heaviest, at the them scientists ill several parts of the world 27. Cobalt 73. Tantalum mate- 28. Nickel 74. Tungsten very top, as shown in the table herewith. undertook the examination of various 29. Copper 75. Rhenium (1925) The position of each element in this ladder is rials with the X-ray spectrograph for evi- 30. Zinc 76. Osmium 31. Gallium 77. Iridium determined by ' the wave -lengths which it dence of these missing elements. 78. Platinum 72 isolated by 32. Germanium transmits under the action of X-rays. Each In 1923 element number was 33. Arsenic 79. Gold element has a characteristic X-ray spectrum. two Danish scientists, who named it hafnium 80. Mercury 34. Selenium Thallium But in the ladder of known elements which after the ancient name for Copenhagen. A 35. Bromine 81. Berlin announced 36. Krypton 82. T,ead was constructed according to Moseley's Law year ago Dr. Noddacic of 37. Rubidium 83. Bismuth there were six gaps -six missing rungs. the discovery of numbers 43 and 75, which he 38. Strontium 84. Polonium 39. Yttrium 85. (missing) Numbering from hydrogen these occupied the named masurium and rhenium respectively. 86. Ni ton number 61, 40. Zirconium positions 43, 61, 72, 75, 85 and 87. With the discovery of illinium, 41. Columbium 87. (missing) Here, then, was proof of the existence of only two elements remain unknown -unless 42. Molybdenum 88. Radium of finding others 43. Masurium (1925) 89. Actinium six elements that were as yet undiscovered. we consider the possibility 90. Thorium in the lad- 44. Ruthenium But scientists had their "finger prints'. for below hydrogen or above uranium 45. Rhodium 91. Uranium X Moseley had shown that every detail in the der. 46. Palladium 92. Uranium X-ray spectrum of an element could be pre - The new element was found in monazite 47. Silver

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 792(5 315 Our Spiritualistic Investigations By "DUNNINGER"

"An assistant pulled the curtain aside quickly. The medium was seated in a chair apparently still in several a trance. The curtains were again closed and sharp notes were blown on the clarinet ...And on the air floating from the top of the cabinet came the sweetest had bit of violin playing I have ever the pleasure of hearing. And from a violin without a bow." The secret of the effect is explained in the article. INVESTIGATING the so-called spirit- Madame Vesta was expecting. ualistic phenomena accredited He said we to medi- were. We all stepped into an elevator and ums, has for many years been a hobby were taken to a floor . . . . the nearest with me. It is an interesting hobby $21,000.00 to heaven any medium will ever get. and an enjoyable one, too. At times what has been written to me by investigators in Ushered by the medium's secretary, or this country and abroad has made me laugh for Spirits whatever mediums call their faithful, into and then again has made me think. These one of the regular suites of the hotel, we trained men, More than two years ago SCIENCE were asked if the ladies would care to re- who are well acquainted with AND INVENTION the tricks employed by magicians, are too Magazine offered a move their wraps. It was a bit chilly for prize of $11,000.00 to anyone who could a summer evening. wise to be fooled easily. The layman at- demonstrate his or her ability to communi- tends a séance and naturally, if the medium cate with the spirits or to give some definite "Ha, ha!" thought I, "Same old stuff. Get has a good showman, he or she well satis- form of a psychical demonstration which in at our pockets and get our names and the fies the onlooker and the dupe tells his itself was not trickery. rest of the usual stuff." But I was mis- taken. friends and the medium shortly has money The result has been that mediums and flowing into his or her pockets. spiritual organizations have been afraid to This séance was one quite a bit different. In this series of articles, I am going to place proofs before us. Those weak at- We were now led into a larger room. Tak- describe a number of séances I have attended tempts which have been made to demon- ing a quick glance around, I saw the usual strate psychical phenomena were almost in- floors, walls and ceiling, eight or ten in various parts of the country. I will also stantly proven chairs fraudulent, and no medium and at the opposite side of the room a large explain the methods employed by these has dared to contradict our findings. fakers of modern times. cabinet with curtains tossed back over the In view of these facts, should we not con- top. The cabinet was made of nickel plated During a redent visit to Boston where I sider all mediums fraudulent? Should we uprights and top pieces and the not consider every covering was playing, a friend of mine telephoned psychical manifestation was a sort of black satin. There was no "the Lorraine," where I was stopping, and as being trickery pure and simple, intended air of mystery primarily to fleece those who visit the circle about the place. A small said he had found a medium in a nearby and hotel chair was in the center of the cabinet hotel and who find solace in the words from the had arranged for a special sitting worst forms of charlatans, namely those who of mystery and on either side of this were or séance, after my show. He explained are being permitted to practise upon the arranged a number of musical instruments that the medium was informed that a party poor, seeking words from loved ones? which one sees in orchestras every day. of friends would call on her after they had To the $10,000.00 which has been offered There was a saxophone, a cornet, clarinet, attended the theatre: by Joseph F. Rinn through this publication bass drum, trap- or snare -drum, a large bell for Spiritual proofs and the $1,000.00 in ad- With the applause of my audience still and a violin lying in its case with the cover dition offered by SCIENCE AND INVEN- open. I looked ringing in my ears, I went to meet my TION Magazine, we now add another $10,- for the bow, but from where friend. We took a party of six beside our- 000.00. we were, I could see none. This was odd. Who ever heard of a violin selves. Piling them into my car, off we went Dunninger, who writes exclusively for without a bow? to the next block. This was done in case SCIENCE AND INVENTION Magazine My friends seated themselves and I care- any of the spotters of the medium happened and who is the Chairman of our PSYCHI- fully looked around to see if there was any- CAL INVESTIGATION Committee will O to be watching through the windows of their thing in or about the room that would sug- personally pay $10,000.00 to any medium or gest at all the slightest bit of hotel so that no suspicion would be aroused spiritualist who can present any psychical trickery. But there wasn't a thing. I strained my eyes as each one would step from the car and manifestation in so-called spiritualism, that he to look back of the cabinet, but could see silently, as becomes such occasions, file into will not explain or that he cannot re- a the hotel. produce by natural means. nothing and there isn't the slightest doubt So now we have a total of $21,000.00 of- in my mind that had there been a trap, no Entering the lobby one of the gentlemen fered for proofs of of Psychical Manifestations. matter how carefuly camouflaged, I would our party was asked by a man with a Spiritualists-get busy. have seen it. slight foreign accent if we were the people (Continued on page 370)

www.americanradiohistory.com 316 Science and Invention for August, 192C orne clenhl

Ironing Board in Closet Door Electric Lighter

This elec- tric cigar lighter turns on au- tomatically when in- verted. A small weight slides down, making con- tact with a screw. The jams. Courtesy Aldredge Company Instead of placing the ironing board in the wall, this new layout may be fitted to any closet door. Photos show two views of the arrangement. Socket Converter Cut Out Permanent Waver

Any kind of a socket can be converted into a pull chain socket by screwing t h e adapter here shown into it. The advantages gYLfrl of the pull a-rst.t-' g: ft trtrn,uet chain can thus b e obtained without t h e need of re -wir- ing the fixture. Courtesy Bryant

This is an automatic cut out for washing machins, and motors, and turns off current on overload. Courtesy Westinghouar. Water Faucet Egg Beater

It is pos- HEATING COIL sible for REMOVABLE every one to perman- ellrYpl ently wave IlNllw'M', their own hair with this system. Hair is curled on a small nickel -plated tube, which being cold permits of its facile handling. The heat- ing coil is then inserted and current turned on.- Courtesy Permway. F-4lF A small water motor in the top of this beater ro- tates the beating blades, making it possible to whip cream, mix drinks or make dressings. The device is simply attached to the kitchen faucet. No water can get into the whipping compartment.-Allen P. Child.

Addresses of any of the above man dactyl-ors will be sent urn inquiry. Mentian article, issue and page of device that interests you.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 317 AWARDS IN $5,000.00 MATCHCRAFT CONTEST Locomotive Wins First Prize. Clare H. e Myers of Detroit, Michigan Wins This Month's $100.00 Award

This photograph gives us a side view of the lo- comotive built by Clare H. Myers of Detroit, Michigan. The pistons, valves and wheels move. The carriage is mounted on springs made of matches just the same as in its counterpart. Notice that the wheels are made of bent matches and are flanged and counter -balanced. With the excepion of a tiny piece of cellu- loid located in the headlight, nothing but matches and glue entered into the construction of this model.

HE locomotive which won the first prize finger nails and in th's way making them as- in this month's Matchcraft Contest is sume the proper shapes for this spherical 27 inches long and 7% inches high. Ap- dome construction. The carriage of the loco- proximately 5,000 matches were used. The motive presented the greatest difficulty, inas- boiler is made by gluing one single layer of much as the builder tried to get as nearly wood to perfectly circular rib constructions results found within the boiler. accurate as could be obtained with These were made matches. first and were then mounted upon a trussed The wheels of the forward truck skeleton frame -work. The boiler was then are pivotally mounted and those immediately built up around the frame -work and after under the cab are similarly affixed. An in- having been completed was carefully sand- teresting and ingenious feature is the auto- papered. The steam domes were construct- matic coupler with which this particular ed of matches by nicking them between the locomotive is fitted.

The above photograph shows the back of the prize-winning locomotive and particularly illus- trates the hinge construction on the door of the fire box. At the bottom of the photograph, mid- way between the two wheels an automatic coupler, also made of matches can be seen. THIS photograph gives us a view of the the equalizing bars. The truck wheels have Brake and throttle are operated from within the frame of the locomotive looking up from been purposely turned to the limit of their cab. the bottom. Note the spring hanger and lateral movement.

$5,000.00 Prize "Matchcraft" Contest WATCH FOR PRIZES IN SEPTEMBER ISSUE FOR the present year, SCIENCE AND of the model itself. The best models submit- (9) Where SCIENCE AND INVENTION INVENTION magazine will award a to- ted each month will be awarded the prizes has any doubts as to the model (where photos tal of $5,000 in prizes, in a new contest. scheduled herewith. only are submitted) complying with all the You are asked to make models, fashioning the regulations, the judges may, at their discre- same entirely from safety matches. Please ob- tion, request that the actual model be sent in serve the following simple rules: for inspection, paying transportation charges both ways. (1) Models submitted must contain at least 90 per cent. safety matches in their construc- 16 Monthly Prizes (10) This is a monthly contest, lasting for tion. twelve months, each monthly contest closing First Prize $100.00 on the first of the month following date of (2) Models made of toothpicks, paper Second Prize 75.00 issue. Thus the contest for the month of Aug- matches, or non -safety matches, are not elig- Third Prize 50.00 ust will close September 1, 1926, and prize ible in this contest. winning announcements will he made in the (3) Models can not be built around boxes Fourth Prize 35.00 November, 1926, issue. The September issue or other supporting articles. Walls, roofs, Fifth Prize 25.00 will contain June prize winning entries. etc., must all be self-supporting and made of Sixth Prize 20.00 (11) Models must be shipped in a strong matches. wooden box, never in a cardboard box, as Seventh Prize 15.00 SCIENCE AND INVENTION can not be (4) All liquid adhesives, such as glue, shel- 12.50 held responsible fo'r breakage in transit due to lac, cements, etc., are permissible. Eighth Prize 9th to 16th Prizes of $10.00 models having been improperly packed. (5) Models may be painted, gilded or sil- eakh $80.00 (12) When models are sent, he sure to affix vered. tag, giving your name and address, to the Models model itself. In addition, put name and ad- (6) may be of any size. dress on outside wrapper of package. (7) In order to win a prize, it is necessary (8) All models submitted to SCIENCE (13) Address all letters, packages, etc., to that either models be submitted, or, if this is AND INVENTION Magazine will be prompt- Editor, "Matchcraft" Contest, care SCIENCE not practical, owing to their size, a 5"x7" pho- ly returned to the builder, who will prepay all AND INVENTION Magazine, 53 Park Place, tograph of the model may be sent in lieu charges. New York.- Caution-Soak or cut heads from matches before building your model so that the models may be expressed or mailed. The strike -everywhere square cut Liberty matches can be used if the heads are cut off. This contest started Dec. 1, 1925, and will terminate Dec. 1, 1926. This is a monthly contest offering sixteen prizes every REMEMBER month. Don't .hesitate, send in your model now !

www.americanradiohistory.com i1S Science and Invention for August, 1926 MATCHCRAFT AWARDS (Matchcraft Contest Now International) Model From Japan-The Gate of a Japanese Temple Wins Second Prize . of $75.00. Model of House and Dome From South Africa Wins$50.00. Third Prize of

ar>^ SECOND PRIZE - $75.00 is awarded this month to S. Fuwa of Tokyo, Japan, for his model of a gate of a Japanese Temple illus- trated above and to the right. Japanese safety matches are thinner and shorter than the Ameri- can matches. Conse- quently, the model ap- pears much more trim and unique. More than 5000 matches were used THIRD PRIZE-$50.00 is awarded to A. R. Power, of to make this model, Johannesburg, Transvaal, South Africa, for the constructions which is 8% inches illustrated above. The matches were cut % of an inch long, in high, 4 inches long order to produce the brick -like construction. Domes were built and 6 inches wide in its upon lead-covered rubber balls later removed. greatest dimensions. Photo posed by Miss Dorothy A. McGarity.

The above photograph gives us au - other view of the Temple Gate which won the Second Prize in this month's Contest. Note use of match heads.

THE FOURTH PRIZE-$35.00 was awarded to Joe Janssen of Chicago, Illinois, for his model of a ship. This model weighs nine ounces. Three-quarters of an ounce is the weight of the sails and rigging. Only 4,150 matches were used in the construction. The construction is hollow inside and each of .the matches was cut with a razor blade at an angle of 45 degrees and then glued to its neighbor, giving the appearance of thin, strip planking. The ladders were built of THE FIFTH PRIZE-$25.00 is awarded to John Wagner, Sr., split matches. The entire model was care- of Leonia, N. J., for his very fine example of the Matchcrafter's fully sandpapered giving it a glass -like fin- art illustrated in the photo above and to the right. This bird cage ish. The workmanship is excellent. was built entirely of matches, the heads of which had been re- moved. The perch and chain swing were likewise constructed of the same material. Notice that the bottom of the cage hinges on a match hinge. The food cups are illustrated in the foreground. Photo at the right posed by Miss Margaret Corcorcan.

SIXTH PRIZE-$20 00 was award- EIGHTH PRIZE-$12.50. A young lad. Sam Uhl of Richmond ed in this month's Contest to An- Hill, N. Y., was awarded the Eighth Prize for his model of a drew J. Jurau of Pittsburgh, Pa., for Motor .Boat. Mr. Uhl took great care in laying up the matches. the inlaid Jewelry Box.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 319 More Matchcraft Winners

FOURTEENTH -0 PRIZE - $10.00 was awarded to Mr. Stan- .r-3-- ley Drumm of Schen- ectady, N. Y., for a working model of a printing press, illustrated in this photograph. The ink table and rollers move realistically. Model is eleven inches long cver all.

ELEVENTH PRIZE-$10.00 was awarded to the Ford Coupe made by John Ciesielski of Antigo, Wisconsin. The model was shellacked. SIXTEENTH PRIZE-$10.00 was won by Miss Dorothy Mosher of Springfield Gardens, L. I., for the Lawn Swing depicted in the photograph at the right.

AUTION-We have repeatedly ¡FIFTEENTH PRIZE-$10.00 instructed Matchcrafters to cut was the award decided upon by the heads from the judges for the Sewing Ma- their Matchcraft chine made by H. Conklin of models and our rules specify that safety Jersey City, N. J. When the head matches must be used. This beautiful model is dropped the machine measures came near causing a costly fire. "Strike 43/4 inches long and 31/4 inches Everywhere" matches were employed from high. which the heads had not been removed, with the result that although the model came from San Diego, California, the inevitable fire oc- curred in a Jersey City Transfer Station. NINTH PRIZE- $10.00 was awarded to Mr. Leo A. Wall of New York City for his model, Cape Hatteras Lighthouse. « tta[ i ! ^r nsn[[rì[ ud! p iainnr uu é+« ,nd,,,-;i The model is eigh- teen inches high and the spiral band run- SEVENTH PR_ZE-$15.00. It ning up the side is took six weeks to :omplete the serv- formed of match ing tray, 18" long and 14" wide, with heads. 6,550 matches. Bottom view above. Made by G. Richards, Rochester, N. H.

TWELFTH PRIZE-$10.00. The model of a Mining Car which is ' t:211,'911lflt!,VY3k:1-i8 used to send coal to the top of the mine is faithfully reproduced here. !1 It _3t fl{I tì il There is a nail on the door to hold the check number of the man who loads the car. The model holds a surprising amount of really heavy ma- terial, and no wonder it was awarded a prize when you consider that H. E. Match, of Hubbard, Ohio, made it.

THIRTEENTH PRIZE-$10.00. The módel of a Canadian -Pacific E4((ß Railway Bridge, illustrated above, was made by R. L. Gillespie of Brook- TENTH PRIZE- lyn, N. Y. The representation is quite an accurate replica. One can secure some tuneful music from the instrument depicted in the photograph at the left. The only difficulty is that it will not stay in tune long due, perhaps, to the fact that the screw eyes, used as tun- ing keys, slip in the soft s..-.,.- match wood. The model .._... was built by John Zele- Mc znick of Bridgeport, Ohio.

www.americanradiohistory.com 320 Science and Invention for August, 1926 The Month's Scientific News Illustrated By GEORGE WALL

Indianapolis maintains a watch tower on top of a skyscraper. Here three veteran firemen working in shifts, scan the skyline for the first wisp of smoke. As many as three hun- dred fires are sighted from this tower an- nually.

A hail storm damaged property to the extent of approximately $1,000,000 at Dallas, Texas. Thirty persons were injured although none seri- ously and plate glass was broken and automo- bile tops perforated. The barrage lasted ten minutes and the stones were two inches in The U. S. submarine V-1 broke the back of diameter. a whale into which it crashed while running submerged. off Cape Cod. The submarine submerged off Long Point and as she was coming to the surface a strange jar was felt by the crew. When the surface was reached a whale fifty-eight feet long was found bent about the bow of the V-1. The whale was towed into Provincetown, and later sunk at sea. 4-44E The report has just come from Leningrad that serious fissures have developed in the z`F great granite monolithic columns of the Cathedral of St. Isaac, which is the largest and finest church in Russia. This Cathedral cost $15,000,000 to build and it was erected on submerged wooden piles as are most of a the buildings in Russia. Repairs and shoring which have progressed for fifty years were stopped after the Bolshevist revolution.

It is estimated that between twelve billion to RUBBER thirty-two billion gallons of oil will be recov- TREAD ered from exhausted oil -sands by new recovery methods, using artificial pressure of compressed air, gas and water.

A small one-man tank has been devised in England by FACTORY Major Martel. It is built of auto parts and runs un rub- ber treads which absorb ma- chine gun bullets and prevent the danger of jams so preva- lent in metal treads, which kink and distort.

The laboratory of the General for searching the em- at 4n apparatus Electric Company Schenectady ployees of metal working establish- method of happened nas just announced a ments when they are leaving the A strange accident egg preservation which consists premises has recently been devised. at Labonne, near Lausanne, CRNNAERF of immersing eggs in an oil bath when a sheep This consists of a testing disc con- Switzerland, at a temperature of clown to the river for maintained taining a pair of coils. A distinct dog ran 235 deg. Fahrenheit. The oil is a drink and was electrocuted. egg sound is heard in the headphones said to fill the pores in the metal. The Examiners touching the dog and prevent air from enter- when the disc passes over Current shells method is undoubtedly similar to a were also shocked. ing the shells. The machine is had to be turned off at a electrically equipped and acccm- Hughes Balance. nearby factory to stop the The proprietor of the factory is to he sued for modates 360,000 eggs per day. leak. the loss of a dog strangely electrocuted.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 321

THE MAN WHO MYSTIFIED Pres. Coolidge Prince of Wales. Ex -President

Harding, Taft, Roosevelt, Dunninger Will Attempt To Hypnotlze'Pa lien t. and other celebrities 10 Mites Awry, by Radio Reads Mryor'a we, _ i .e...... ,, »... Writes Exclusively for SCIENCE AND INVENTION NO. 41 OF A SERIES New Pipe Trick Jumping Peg Pencil Rubber Band Palm This trick differs from the usual and im- practical method (in which the pencil could / '¡ not be passed for inspection) inasmuch as F,;\ the holes in the present offering actually penetrate the wood. The end of the pencil which is examined, however, is secreted in a brass sliding pencil cap of the ordinary type. This action brings to view the holes of the pencil constructed as indicated in our diagram which holes are primarily respons- ible for the effectiveness of the trick. No- tice that the two end holes are only bored way through the pencil. TUBE half TOBACCO

HANDKERCHIEF

BLACKLINE PAINTED From a pipe which seemingly unprepared is At first glance the above trick will appear smoked by the performer, a colored handkerchief inter- is removed. In the jumping peg pencil illustrated above care very ineffective, yet it is actually an should be taken in drilling the holes properly. The esting stunt. cap should also fit this pencil tightly so that it will Tricks with seemingly unprepared articles not be removed during cursory examination. After the magician has been changing always are the most mystifying. In this cards by any of the well known sleight of one the wizard passes his pipe for inspection Placing the peg in the center hole on one hand methods, he places a rubber band and fills the same with tobacco from his side of the pencil makes the other side of crosswise around the entire deck, thereby pouch. He lights the pipe and puffs away. the peg appear to be in the end hole. In "preventing the possibility of card palming," A small silk handkerchief is now vanished presenting the trick both sides of the pencil yet in passing his hand over the surface of by any of the popular methods and is im- are seemingly shown, but during the wafting the card, its suit mysteriously changes. The mediately reproduced out of the bowl of movement the pencil is twisted between the effect is accomplished by painting a black line the pipe. This silk of course is a duplicate fingers showing the same side again. To longitudinally down the faces of two or of the one originally disappeared and is make the peg jump the pencil is not twisted more cards, producing the illusion of a rub- contained within a cup previously concealed under cover of one of these movements. The ber band being strapped across the face in in the tobacco pouch and introduced into peg is now again shifted to the end hole, two directions. When the cards are passed the mouth of the pipe during the innocent making it appear in the center hole on the for examination, those on top which are action of filling the same. opposite side. marked are palmed off from beneath the band. The Patriotic Liquids

VERY SMALL CLEAR SAME AS GLASS PAPER PIECE OF WATER GLASS 1 CYLINDER CYLINDER PERMANGANATE WITH WITH J., OF POTASH PIECE EXCEPTION AND 5 DROPS OF OF 5 TIMES v OF SULPHURIC "HYPO" AMOUNT OF ACID(C.P.) PERMANGANATE ' ` IN THE 1' WATER y RED WHITE BLUE

3 A transparent glass cylinder is covered by an opaque paper cylinder and making these solutions are given in the diagram which also shows that the red, white and blue liqu'ds from three glasses are poured into the cylinder. stirring rod really consists of two tubes the outer one being first removed The contents are stirred and on removing the rod an American flag is taken and the inner one being extracted at the time the paper cylinder is lifted. from the cylinder and the solutions become transparent. Formulae for The flag is concealed in the stirring rod.

www.americanradiohistory.com 322 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Tarrano the Conqueror FOURTEENTH INSTALLMENT (Conclusion) By RAY CUNIMINGS

q,r

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A luminous blur became visible in the nearer sky-moving blobs of silver Bones bereft of flesh. Human skeletons! Limbs waving rhythmically. luminosity in the mud -brown light of the Zed -ray. A hundred or more mov- Bony arms, with fingers clutching metal weapons. Assailants coming at us ing silver blobs. They were taking form. The silvery phosphorescent look through the air, stripped by the Zed -ray of cloth, skin, flesh, organs, to the faded, became grey -white. Took definite shape. Waving arms and legs! naked bones.

SYNOPSIS space -flyer. They go on board and are taken knives. The cry goes up, "Down with Tar - to Venus to where Georg and the Princess rano. Loyalty, everyone, to your Princess IN the spring of the year 2325, all of the )faida have previously been transported. Maida." The Venus people, followers of rulers of the various countries of the earth They arc royally welcomed and go to the Maida, have revolted; the Red Woman is are mysteriously murdered. Jac and Gray- palace of the Princess Maida. Here they dead, but Tarrano-? son, employees of a large news organization, are attacked by Argo, one of Tarrano's the a plot Tarrano escapes. Taking Elsa with him find that the murders are result of men, who shoots a violet -colored beam of he travels via aircraft to the Cold Country. on the part of the inhabitants of Venus. Tar - light across the room, separating Maida Back at Maida's palace, the tide has rano, an erstwhile lower official of the Cold from the rest of the party. He threatens been turned against the "slaans." Maida Country of Venus is found to be at the head to hill her, when suddenly Wolfgar throws and Georg arc married and rule a section of a plot to rule the universe. the beam. a tele- Dr. Brende, a friend of Jac's, has discov- himself into and through violet of Venus. Jac suddenly receives Wolfgar dies soon after he confesses to pathic message from Elsa who warns Ginn ered a medical method whereby human be- of danger and rushing to the top of one of ings may be kept from growing old. The Maida that he loves her and Maida has made a similar declaration. the buildings they behold a huge black Doctor is killed by a group of "Venus -Men" mes- and Jac, Elsa, the Doctor's daughter and The evening after the burial of Wolfgar, cloud rolling toward the city. Elsa's Georg, the Doctor's son, are captured and Jac chances to be alone in a small boat near sage to Jac says: taken/ to Venia, a city on the earth inhabited the palace and he is warned by a "slaan," "Death, Jac! Death to all the city! by people of Venus. a Venus man, to guard himself well. He The black cloud of death!" The next day, Tarrano offers to return the also sees below the surface of the water and Tarrano showed the man -side of his na- papers and models of the invention made by encased in a diver's cap, the face of an ture at last when he invaded Lady Elsa's Georg's father, which he has confiscated and Earth man. Later that evening, prepara- sleeping room. Lady Elsa was greatly sur- brands young Brende as an impostor. To tions are rushed through for the great prised to wake up suddenly and to behold offset this accusation, Georg is to tell his Water Carnival of Venus and to it proceed Tarrano. He made Passionate love to her story to the earth as well as to Venus and Georg and Maida; Elsa and Tarrano; and against her will, and finally after being re- Mars by radio and helio. He and Princess Jac without a partner. pulsed, Tarrano turned ironical and bade Maida go to the station but there they dis- At the carnival all of the inhabitants of her rise from her bed and get dressed at appear. the planet are seemingly given over to the once, as they were going on a trip. Tarrano, Jac, Wolfgar and Elsa, still captives, are pursuit of pleasure and love. However, accompanied by Elsa, flew to the outskirts removed from their prison and taken to the there is a vicious undercurrent of events of the Great City, where Jac Hallen, Maida top of an enormous tower. Here, in the in- noticeable to Jac but which does not seem to and Georg were, and here he attempted to strument room, where connmunnicatio i with claim the attention of Tarrano. At one destroy the inhabitants by causing a heavy 1 the various planets is held, they view the place there is a swimming pool in which girls black poisonous smoke to envelope the city. disappearance of the Princess Maida and are constantly sporting themselves. Watch- Those in the city are awakened in time and Georg by television. The abduction has ing them, Jac secs one of them drag a Tar - flee; Jac wanders through the forest and been done by Tarrano's agents. On Mars, rano guard to the edge and with him grasp- finally discovers Elsa who has escaped from Tarrano's followers are attacking the ruling ed in her arms, plunge into the pool. A few Tarrano. class and Tarrano offers Dr. Brende's secret seconds later the girl comes to the surface Jac Hallen killed a hideous animal which to the public if they will surrender to his but the man is never seen again. threatened to annihilate Elsa. Elsa declares cohorts. They agree. Tarrano then an- Toward the climax of the celebration, a her love to Jac. Two days later they arc nounces to the Earth people, that he will not notorious l'euus character, the Red Woman, rescued by the R/naal Patrol and taken to give then the Brende secret and declares performs a dance particularly for the benefit Industriana. Here everything was hustle war upon them. Wolfgar is a guard in dis- of Tarrano. In the midst of it, the large and bustle, armies being trained for an at- repute. hall in which it is being held, suddenly is tack on Tarrano. The guiding spirit of this The air war vessels of the Earth govern- darkened and rays of death shoot out over military activities in Industriana is Geno- ment start to attack Venia, but Tarrano the place. Jac, forewarned, drops to the Rlnaalton. The last scene in the precious in- sends up a bomb of surrender and then, floor out of their range and throughout the stallment shows the warriors in their hying with Elva, Jac and Wolfgar, he escapes entire assembly, "slaans" in the employ of craft departing for the attack on Tarrano's through an underground passageway to a Princess ilaida wreak havoc with their long stronghold.

CHAPTER XXXIII range of this and establish our power plant power plant bringing up the rear, we sailed as a base from which to direct our offensive. forward. There were in our instrument ve- The First Attack The trip from the Great City was not long. hicle, Maida, Georg, Elza and myself, the OUR spies had informed us that of After a few helans our girls ceased flying vehicle manned by two pilots and two recent weeks there had arisen about individually and boarded their appointed mechanicians-a Slaan, a Marsman, and two the City of Ice a huge wall behind vehicles. Earthmen. We were in constant communi- which Tarrano would make his In a long single line, armament platforms, cation with Geno-Rhaalton. And though he stand. It was our plan to approach within the towers, our instrument room, with the enjoined upon us all the necessity for sleep-

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 323 ing or resting during the trip, himself sat menaced tower rock a trifle from the shock. Our power plant has landed, Jac-there in alert at his desk, unrelaxing. The little Geno-Rhaalton's face in the mirror beside the foothills-see it drop?" A call from mirror on our table showed him sitting there, me was very solemn. I heard him murmur- Rhaalton took his attention. smoking his arant-cylinders, watching every ing something to the other towers, saw their We landed our entire force in the foot- move we made. light flash downward, searching the moun- hills of the mountains. The power plant We laid down to rest, but sleep was im- tain defiles. And as I watched that little was there; it looked like a squat industrial possible. Through the panelled transparent image of Rhaalton, I chanced to notice a building set upon a ledge of ice-a shining floor, I watched the country changing as we mirror on Rhaalton's desk. Rhaalton him- cliff -face behind it, a precipice in front. At advanced; vegetation dwindling; the soil self was looking at it-a mirror which liad the foot of the precipice our other vehicles changing to rocky barrenness at the border been dark, but which now flashed on. An were clustered. of the Cold Country. And then the snow - outlaw circuit! The mirror imaged the face We were there throughout three entire plains, the mute frozen rivers of ice, the of Tarrano. Tarrano grinning ironically! times of sleep, hours strangely the same in mountains. that unaltering polar twilight. During them, In the twilight of the Cold Country CHAPTER XXXVII with the tower platforms set in a ring about autumn, we sailed up to the mountains and Invisible Assailants us to make an armed camp, we unloaded our approached to the City of Ice. Alert, all of apparatus, erected our power controls, pre- thousand We did not locate the source of the bomb, pared the individual circuits, making ready us now, as at an altitude of a few and no others rose to assail us. The moun- feet we circled about, marking time until for our offensive. And still-though we were tain defiles, so far as our lights could illum- alert for it-no move from Tarrano. the power plant liad selected its base and ine them, seemed deserted. We passed over landed. They were hours during which, with my Throughout the trip we had expected-had lack of technical knowledge, I found myself anticipated the possibility-of a surprise at- often with nothing to do. Our camp was now tack by Tarrano ; an ambush in the open If you have enjoyed "Tarrano the bustling with activity, but among the air, perhaps by some means strange to us. Conqueror," which concludes in this idle girls and many of the young men, there But the vision magnifiers, the microphones- was an air of gayety. They laughed, shout- encompassing every known range of sight issue, you cannot miss the next tale, ed, played games amid the rocks from which and sound-showed us nothing. Especially which the editors have selected for we had long since melted the snow. Once, at the mountains we had thought to meet op- you. in what would have been early evening had position. But at first none came. It seemed not the Sun in these latitudes held level like somehow ominous, this lack of action from a burned -out ball near the horizon, Elza and Tarrano; and when the leader of our Line- I wandered from the camp to climb the a tower vehicle-rose sharply to scale the the Divide, and on the plateau beyond, we cliffs nearby. jagged peaks of the Divide, the flare of a landed. A region of rolling country beneath Beyond the circle of the camp's heat, the hostile electronic bomb rising came almost as its snow and ice. The mountains came down deadly cold of the region assailed us. We a relief. From the instrument room-fore- sharply to the inner plain-a crescent of had not wished to equip with the individual warned an instant by the hiss of our micro- mountain range stretching off into the dim- heating, which for battle would leave us free phones-I saw the bomb start upward. ness of distance, half encircling this white of heavy garments ; in stead we swathed our- Slowly as a rocket it mounted-a blurred plateau in the center of which stood the City selves in furs, with the exercise of climbing ball of glowing violet light, quite plain in of Ice. We could just see it at the horizon, to aid us in keeping warm. the dim twilight. I knew that the tower the glittering spires of its Ice Palace. It was wonderful to be again alone with platform at which it was directed would have Around the city, completely enveloping it, Elza. Even with what was impending we time to throw out its insulation ; I knew that was a thick circular wall of ice twenty times were young enough to put it momentarily the insulation would doubtless be effective- the height of a man. We were too far from our minds. Like young lovers clandes- yet my heart leaped nevertheless. At my away to see it plainly-a turreted wall doubt- tinely stealing away to a tryst, we left the hand was a projector; but in those few sec- less armed with projectors throughout its camp and hand in hand, climbed up amici the onds the tower just in advance of us in the circular length. Our- finders would not show crags. A few hundred feet to one side of line was quicker. Its ray darted at the violet it, for it was insulated against them. It the power house, and about the same distance it. we sat clown at last to rest. ball ; the soundless explosion threw a wave stood there grey -white, bleak and apparently above of sparks about the menaced tower. Like deserted. The scene from here was picturesque in a puff-a pricked bubble of soap-film-the Georg said: "It's the man's accursed inac- the extreme. Across the flat, shadowless violet hall was dissipated. But I saw the tivity ! Is he going to do nothing? . . (Continued on page 356)

Then Tarrano played his last card. The cubical building of metal with the maining few who were desperately fighting-had suddenly withdrawn. A -id cables depending from it, still hung motionless. It now burst into sound. then we knew the purpose of this hanging room. A strange form of some A' low electrical hum; then louder to a whine-a scream. Our men and tremendous electro -magnet. I could feel it pulling at me. My power to girls were in the air around it. I too was there. Tarrano's men-the re - guide myself in the air was wavering.

www.americanradiohistory.com 324 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Scientific Problems and Puzzles By ERNEST K. CHAPIN

The heavy fly -wheel W operates pistons A and B in two cylinders that are open at both ends. We have all heard the story of three men in a Does the fly -wheel lose any energy in starting boat; this is a story of two men in a boat. and stopping the pistons, at the beginning and end of each stroke? If the friction of the bear- ings and cylinders were zero, would the fly- wheel, if spun, be able to keep the pistons mov- ing indefinitely?

Two men about town have just turned a cor- ner and are in the beam of a street lamp. The men DRAW SCALES two are of different heights and the ques- tion is, will their shadows increase in length at the same rate? Also will the rate of increase be the sanie at all distances?

The two men in a light metal boat just sink it to the water's surface. If the boat should be- come inverted, without filling with water, is there any possibility that it could support the men in the manner indicated in the picture above?

The uniform bar carrying a load W at its cen- ends at an angle to ter is supported from the problem in hydrostatics. horizontal by two scales. If the supporting Here is an interesting the With water running freely from the open end of cords are vertical which scale, if either, will levels in show the greater reading? the tube at "A", would the water the various tubes lie along a straight line such as a -g? A B M Weights A and B are supported at equal dis- tances from a slack rope. If A is set swinging back and forth, will it set B moving? If so, will B ever swing as vigorously as A? The size of the weights A and B is immaterial.

FIXED POINT-2r ROPE OF SUPPORT

LOG

WATER

Scientists from time to time have threatened to shake the earth with electric charges or else EYE atomic disintegrations. Here's a new one: If all the trains of the earth were heavily loaded Here is an interesting problem in multiple im- at experiment just in time and then moved eastward at full speed, would ages. Two mirrors, MN and MP are set Here is an interesting degrees. An observer at E will summer campers to cogitate upon. it have any effect whatever on the length of an angle of sixty for the see how many images of an object at O re- Mr. Chapin propounds the problem as follows: the day? Would the effect, if any, be temporary way in which the flected in the mirror? How will they be dis- Could a log secured by a single rope and rest- or permanent? Is there any indefinitely in people of the earth could permanently lengthen tributed? (Answers to these problems ap- ing in the water, be supported pear on page 373.) the manner indicated in the diagram? or shorten the day? Rowing Movement Operates Propeller

Operating the two small handle bars back and forth moves a rack which engages with a gear and causes another gear in the housing to rotate back and forth. By a peculiar construction of toothed clutches both backward and forward movements are utilized for rotating the propeller. The fly wheel causes the propeller to continue its spinning even when the ends of the stroke have been reached. A reverse lever is provided to permit the boat to be driven toward the rear. Model built by Manuel C. Sanchez.

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Above is a diagrammatic view of gears and clutch mechanisms of the device at the right.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 How to Build a Day -Bed By WILLIAM M. BUTTERFIELD

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The day -bed has come In selecting lumber for into great favor in the building home-made fur- past few years, and in niture such as the day- the present interesting beds here illustrated, be article Mr. Butterfield sure that the wood is gives the necessary di- well dried, or otherwise mensions and instruc- it will warp and spoil tions for building several the appearance. Wood styles of day -beds, with dyes, finished with wax, different finishes. are recommended.

THREE designs for a day -bed are out glue the mortises extend clear through wide, 3/4" deep and 5" long-they engage shown on this page. They all have the corner pieces and the tenons extend 1" mortises in the front corner pieces. The an inside measurement of 30" x 74". beyond and are secured with slightly tapered end boards are 31%" long, 13" wide and 3" The first design is 35" x 79" over wooden pins. thick, they carry tenons 3" wide, 3" deep, all and 20%" high without castors, the second The first design is for a wide (13") back 11" long at the back and 9" long at the and third are 37" x 81" from end to end of rail or one full width of the end hoards. front-these engage mortises in back and tenons and 193/4" high. This rail carries at each end a tenon %" (rout corner pieces. The corner pieces are Mortise and tenon joints, either with or wide, 3" deep and 11" long-these engage 21A" square with 6" legs tapered to PA" at without glue, are used in all three designs. mortises in the back corner pieces of the bottom end, the back corner piece is 19" Where glue is used, as in the first of the same proportions. long, the front piece 17" long. For any of three, the tenons are the width of the stock The front rail is 6" wide, /" thick, and the three beds it will be necessary to screw (?4") and 3" deep, they are glued into the same length as the back rail (75V2"). It 1" x 2" cleats, with slots to hold slats, to the mortises of similar size. When used with - also has tenons at each end, these are 3" (Continued on page 381)

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 326 e

DEPARTMENL,MODEL G

Model of U. S. Frigate "Constitution" WINS Science 02 Invention Trophy Cup No. 4 The Louis Daniel Entry Is This Month's Best Mr. Louis Daniel of New York City entered two models in this month's Cup Con- test. The first was a model of the "Flying Cloud," a clipper ship, photographs of which, due to a lack of space, we were forced to omit from this issue. His model which won the cup is shown in the photographs and the drawings on this and the accompanying pages.

The above photograph shows a three-quarter view of the model of the "Con- stitution". It will be noted from the photograph that the drawings arc not identical with the construction shown above. The reason of this is that the data concerning the "Constitution" varies considerably and our drawings were corrected in accordance with official records and are as nearly accurate as we have been able to obtain them.

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) ? Will Win the Next 7 ? Trophy Cup? 7 The photograph above gives us a side view of the "Constitution," which is Why Isn't Your Model Entered ? this month's Cup winner. It will be noted in all of these photographs that the the water line washed 7 water line on the frigate is considerably higher than 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 )) 7))))))) in by our artist. The explanation of this is quite obvious, this method being 2 resorted to in order to show more clearly the hull details, the rudder and, other points of interest which the model maker may require.

According to official Rules for Model Contest records from the "Old Ironsides" Committee 1. A handsome trophy cup engraved with your name, will be awarded as the prize for the best model submitted during the month. The decision of and official Navy De- the judges will be final and will be based upon, A-novelty of construc- partment records, the tion; B-workmanship; C-operating efficiency of the model as related to "Constitution" did not the efficiency of the device which the model simulates, and D-the care a forecastle and a cov- have exercised in design and in submitting to us sketches and other details poop deck, so in order ering the model. be more accurate 2. Models of all kinds may be entered. They may be working models or to not, according to the subject that is being handled. those building this 3. Models may be made of any available material, preferably something model may omit these that is cheap and easily obtainable. Models made of matches should not decks. On the gun be submitted to this department but should go to our Matchcraft Contest deck the "Constitu- Editor. tion" carried thirty 4. Models must be submitted in all cases. Good photographs are also highly desirable and where the maker does not desire the model to be long 24 pounders. taken apart, legible drawings with all dimensions covering parts that are Then there were two not accessible must be submitted. long 24 pounders in 5. Models should be securely crated and protected against ddamige in the eyes of the ship. shipment and sent to us by parcel post, express or freight, prepaid. Models On the spar deck there will be returned when requested. were 22 thirty - two 6. Models for entry in any particular contest must reach this office on or before the 25th of the third month preceding date of publication. For in- pound caronades dis- stance, models for the October contest must Beach us on or before the tributed 8 forward and The model itself is 5% feet long and 4,A feet 25th of July. 14 aft. The ship it- high and the photograph shows Mr. Daniel 7. Address all entries to Editor Model Department, c/o Science and In- self was rated as a 44 making final adjustments in the rigging and vention Magazine, 53 Park Place, New York City. gun frigate though she sails. Photographs of his other entry will be carried 54 guns. published next month if space permits. A Cup Is Awarded Every Month. Are You Next ?

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 327 Model "Constitution" Data concerning the U. S. Frigate "Constitution," later nicknamed "O Id Ironsides," is difficult to obtain. The old prints of this ship show different arrangements of guns and sails. This vessel, under command of Captain Isaac Hull, passed out to sea on the 12th of July, 1812, and on the 17th of July Captain Hull met four ships and later a fifth, the "H. M. S. Guer- riere." At this time there was almost a dead calm and Captain Hull, know- ing he would be outnum- bered with ships and guns, sent his men ahead with a kedge anchor and a me of rope. By dropping the anchor and hauling on the rope the men gradually drew the "Constitution" ahead and out of danger. A month later on August 19th, he met with the "Guerriere" and so badlly Above is a photograph of the prize-winning entry in this month's Cup damaged that vessel that Contest. According to official documents, the first figure -head on she had to be set on fire. the "Constitution" was that of Hercules, which was probably in- "Old Ironsides" appear- tended for a representation of Neptune. This was knocked to pieces ance and the sail plan in the battle with the "Guerriere" and owing to shortness of time a Above is a photographic reproduction of the scroll was substituted. In 1843 a full length figure of Andrew Jack- Cup that was awarded to Mr. Louis Daniel, underwent many changes son was substituted, but a party of political fanatics sawed Jackson's the winner of this month's Contest. The Cup and the drawings of the head off in Boston Harbor. Originally, the "Constitution" carried itself is 1754 inches high and weighs nearly vessel as g:ven here are no sky -sail, as the photo above indicates, but because of a desire for five pounds. Is it not worth striving for? very accurate. greater speed a sky -sail was later adopted, as our drawings indicate.

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Above is a side view of the "Constitution" giving her sail construction and to the safety of the ship. Consequently, they were put on in duplicate and rigging. Notice how peculiarly the mainstays are constructed. Even in cross -braced, so that if a portion was shot away, the mast would not those days when one had to be right on top of the enemy ship before the remain without support. Notice also that the position of the guns as indi - guns were fired, it was found that the mainstays were extremely important cated in our prints vary slightly from those in the model. BLUEPRINTS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE MODEL DEPARTMENT AT $1.00 FOR THE COMPLETE SET.

www.americanradiohistory.com 323 Scirnc' and InVcntion for August, 1926 Further Details of Cup Winner

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On this page we show further diagrams for the construction of this itself but have been corrected in accordance with official drawings of the month's Cup winner in the monthly SCIENCE AND INVENTION Mag- ship as it originally appeared; instead of as many sources of information de- azine Model Contest. These drawings are slightly different than the model scribe it. Blueprints of the Constitution may be secured from the Model Department et $1.00 for the complete set.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science ana Invention for August, 1926 329

EXPERUICNTAL CUEMtSTRY._.

Carbonic Acid Gas J. G. SCHUMAKER, A.B., M.S.

FIG. 5

NaZC03 A

Pb

NaC103

Fig. 1, Weighing a vessell ful of carbon dioxide. Fig. 2, the carbonic acid gas; only use a few drops of the benzine. Fig. 9, passing the gas over an stairway, putting out candles. Fig. 3, dipping the gas out of one vessel and alkali -metal or alkaline earth -metal the metal will be oxidized and black pouring it into another so as to put out the candle. Fig. 4, siphoning the carbon will be precipitated. Fig. 10, on inclining the flask so that the acid gas as if it was water. Fig. 5, turning a mill with the gas. Fig. 6, floating will escape into the solution of sodium bicarbonate the liquid will be ex- a soap bubble upon the gas. Fig. 7, blue litmus solution is turned red by pelled many feet. Fig. 11, the carbon dioxide from the lungs precipitates carbonic acid gas bubbles. Fig. 8, putting out a flame of benzine with the calcium carbonate. Fig. 12, making white lead from the metal.

CARBON dioxide gas was known as stance rich in sugar and starch into carbon pared by adding dilute hydrochloric acid to early as the sixteenth century as dioxide and ethyl alcohol. If the raw ma- marble chips (CaCO,). Immediately a vig- one ' of the products which were terial is starch C,H2OO, molds like Mucor orous effervescence sets in and continues un- formed during the combustion of will convert it into sugar. til either the acid or the marble is com- carbon, the action of acids upon chalk, and 3C6H10O5 2H,0 -ì C6H12Oe - pletely used up. The gas being only slightly alcoholic fermentation. Helmont called it C12HR2011 soluble in water may be collected in bottles "gas sylvestre" or "gas carbonum." In 1757 If this material is then mixed with yeast and in the penumatic trough, or by the upward Joseph Black discovered its solubility in kept at a temperature of 80°F. (27° C.), the displacement of air. The gas so collected caustic alkalies and gave it the name of yeast will decompose the starch into ethyl contains a little air. If sulphuric acid is "fixed gas." Joseph Priestley, the Eng- alcohol and carbon dioxide. used, the marble becomes quickly coated lish chemist, discovered its presence in the C6H12O, -3 2C2H2OH -{- 2CO3 with a layer of insoluble calcium sulphate air and Lavoisier showed that it is exhaled If a flask is filled with 500 c.c. of water (CaSO,), which prevents the acid from fur- during respiration and also formed when and 100 c.c. of molasses and a yeast cake is ther attacking the marble and evolution of metallic oxides are reduced by heated carbon. added the mixture, fermentation to will set the practically ceases. Carbon dioxide gets into the atmosphere in after the sucrose has been converted into gas through the combustion of fuels, the decay glucose and fructose. CO2 will be generated Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas. It has of organic material and the fermentation and will do for any of the experiments de- a slightly acid taste, and a somewhat pun- of liquids. scribed here in this article. gent smell. It has a stimulating effect upon Fermentation will convert almost any sub- In the laboratory the gas is easily pre- the mucous membrane which is both agree-

www.americanradiohistory.com 330 Science and Invention for August, 1926 able and refreshing and for this reason car- is to construct a "gas mill." Cut out a passed through a wash bottle B, containing bonated drinks are highly esteemed. The cardboard disc 15 to 20 inches in diameter. sulphuric acid, and then through a hard glass gas is 1.529 times as heavy as air. At 15° Thrust a knitting needle through the center tube C into water. Place a few pieces of C. and 760 mm. pressure approxiately 100 of the disc and put a cork at each end so any of these metals in the hard glass tube volumes of the gas are soluble in 100 volumes that it offers as little resistance as possible and when all the air has been expelled, of water. It neither supports combustion when it rests on its support. Fasten 8 or 10 heat the glass trbe. The carbon dioxide is nor respiration. paper cups equal distances apart near the decomposed vigorously forming black car- Carbon dioxide (CO,) is much heavier edge of the disc, so that when the disc rests bon and a carbonate of the metal. than air and is therefore inclined to collect upon its support it is in perfect balance. Fill 2Ca+ CO, --32CaO+C in deep wells, valleys and other depressions a large bell jar with carbon dioxide gas and 2CaO + 2CO, -3 2CaCO, in the neighborhood of volcanoes and fissures pour it into the cups near the top of the Iron and zinc are less active in the weights wheel. The heavy gas will displace the air and will form ground. The relative of an oxide of the metal and carbon dioxide and air can readily be dem- in the cups and cause the disc to move slowly, carbon monoxide. onstrated by placing two beakers on the op- rolling along on the corks. Zn + CO, -4 ZnO + CO posite pans of a balance and counterpoising A very fascinating experiment for the If a little ammonium hydroxide is added the pair. Fill a large jar C with carbon young experimenter to perform is what to water in a beaker and a few pieces of dioxide gas and pour it into the beaker D. seems to the casual observer the suspension amalgamated zinc are immersed in it, a The balance index will be deflected toward of soap bubbles in mid-air. Take two small quantity of formaldehyde is formed the right. Therefore the gas is heavier large battery jars, filling one with carbon when a rapid stream of carbon monoxide than the air. dioxide and the other with air. Blow some is passed into the solution. The specific gravity of carbon dioxide, the soap bubbles and drop them into jar B. 2H, + CO, -4 HCHO + H2O They will sink to the bottom. When simi- invisibility of the gas and its ability to In Fig. 10 fill lar bubbles are formed and allowed to drop a flask about one -quarter quench a flame enable us to arrange many full with sodium bicarbonate solution and interesting and attractive experiments. gently into jar A, they will descend until level. They will remain put about 5 c.c. of concentrated sulphuric Take a large battery jar (Fig. 2) A and they reach a certain acid in at this point as if they were sus- the small tube B. Close the large saw out a series of steps in the board B, stationary test tube with a one -hole but it is the heavy car- rubber stopper con- so that it fits the jar. Place a wax candle pended in mid-air, taining a short glass bon dioxide gas which supports the weight tube drawn to a point. on each step and light them. Place the Incline the test tubes slightly so that the trough C so that it is inclined about 45°. of the soap bubbles. two solutions mix and soluble in the water will be Fid a large battery jar with carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is slightly forced out for ten or fifteen feet. and pour it into the trough C. In a short water, forming carbonic acid. At 15° C. time the lower light will begin to flicker and standard pressure, water will dissolve By exhaling some air through some lime - light after light will its own volume of the gas and form a weak, water (Fig. 11) we can show the presence and go out. Gradually carbon be extinguished until the top one is reached. unstable acid, carbonic acid. If a beaker of dioxide in our breath. If we combustible (Fig. 7) is filled about half with blue continue the passage of the gas thrugh the This demonstrates that ordinary limewater, material will not burn in it. litmus solution and carbon dioxide gas is the precipitate will gradually dis- solve forming Next fill a large battery jar A with carbon passed through it, some of the gas will go calcium bicarbonate. dioxide. Place a lighted candle in a 500 c.c. into solution and turn the blue litmus solu- The salts of carbonic acid are more im- beaker B. Tie a string around a 400 c.c. tion red. In moist air carbonic acid hastens portant than the acid itself. Lead carbonate beaker and lower it into the jar of carbon the corrosion of metals and the weathering can be easily made by electrolysis. Dissolve dioxide and allow it to remain for a short of rocks. It is used very extensively in about 15 grams of sodium chlorate and 5 time. Then raise it and pour the contents the manufacture of soft drinks and sold grams of sodium carbonate in 300 c.c. of into 13. The heavy gas will displace the under such names as carbonated water, soda water. Pour the solution into a beaker A air. The candle will at once be extinguished water and pop. and insert two lead electrodes. Connect them showing that the carbon dioxide has been This gas will act as an oxidizing agent with a storage cell and then direct some transferred from A to B. Fig. 3. when it is brought in contact with certain carbon dioxide through the electrolyte Fill a battery jar A with carbon dioxide active metals like sodium, potassium, calcium, against the cathode. Better results are and raise it above jar B. Then fill the siphon and even in contact with iron and zinc under obtained if the electrolyte is continually E with carbon dioxide and close both ends proper conditions. Fill a large battery jar stirred while the experiment is in progress. and place in the jars. Light the candle F. with carbon dioxide gas. Light a piece of A thick cloud of white lead carbonate The gas will gradually flow into the lower magnesium ribbon and hold it in the jar of (PbCO,) will be precipitated at the cathode jar and extinguish the flame. the gas. The carbon dioxide will give up its and sodium carbonate will form at the anode. A very novel and fascinating way of illus- oxygen to the magnesium. The lead carbonate is insoluble and can be trating the specific gravity of carbon dioxide The gas is generated in flask A and removed by filtration. Fig. 12. A Hydrometer for Solids STUDENTS of physics and engineers Specific Gravity Vol. of 100 g. in ml. 2.0 working with solid substances who have ORDINARY GRADUATE 50.0 2.5 40.0 scrawled sheets full of figures in an effort GIVES READING solids 3.0 33.3 to determine the specific gravity of WAFER have a deliverer in Dr. Ernest A. Vuilleu- 5.0 20.0 mier, head of the Chemistry Department at 7.0 14.3 Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. 9.0 11.1 10.0 10.0 Doctor Vuilleumier has announced the in- The device because of its size and sim- venton and perfection of a solid hydro- plicity of operation promises to be an in- meter, a simple, direct -reading apparatus valuable addition to the kit of metallurgists, which will give the exact specific gravity mining builders or others having calcula- engineers, of solid materials without the usual to deal with -olid materials on locations tions. The hydrometer for determining the where laboratory apparatus does not lend specific gravity of liquids Chas been regarded itself readily for use in determining specific for a long time as a convenient instrument gravity or where time is an important ele- because of its accurateness and simplicity, ment to be considered. After blasting ore for solids is still A simple method for the chemist to determine and the new hydrometer gravity of solids or even of liquids from the side of a hill, the engineer needs equally so the specific more simple in construction and if the latter are not miscible with water. only to gather a small amount of the sub- in operation. stance, break it into pieces small enough to apparatus consists of a single gradu- zero mark The waiting for precipitation, the exact fit into the cylinder filled to the glass cylinder which is marked in such Without out 100 grams of ated of solid can be determ- with water, weigh exactly specific gravity of ores, specific gravity the it into the water and read manner that the figure on the cylinder the ore, put rocks, metals or any other solids ined by reading the the specific gravity of the material minerals, reached by the water. directly may be determined with ease. The cylinder which has been just blasted a few minutes previous. 2.0 would is about seven inches high witli a diameter o.f A solid with a specific gravity of Dr. Vuilleumier has waived all royalties one-fourth inch. To determine the specific cause the water to rise in the cylinder a on the instrument in the interest of science. gravity of any solid substance, one hundred distance of 5.0 cm. above the zero mark, That the invention is scientifically correct c.c. of water is placed in the cylinder, filling while a solid with a specific gravity of 10.0 is shown by its acceptance by the Americat would cause a rise of water for a distance Chemical Society; that it is of practical it to a zero mark about four inches from of the base. One hundred grams, or about four of only 1.0 cm. The secret of the device lies value is proved by the willingness of one firms in the ounces of the solid under observation, is in a table of reciprocals of 100 as shown in the largest laboratory equipment placed in the cylinder containing the water. the following table: country to place it on the market.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 331

Experiments with an Electroscope By RAYMOND B. WAILES Rubbing a hard rubber comb will electrify L' HOOK METAL FIN TO it upon touching it to the receiver or um- SOLDERED PREVENT TURNING brella on the right of the electroscope, and then touching the finger to the disc and re- moving the finger, then the comb, the leaf will he seen to diverge from the brass strip

GOLD LEAF RUBBER SOLDER STRIP STOPPER BRASS PANEL BINDING POST

Gold leaf strip does not show in preceding photo but occupies the position shown above. inches long which passes through an inch hole in the side of the electroscope and through a rubber stopper inserted therein. The end of the bolt or machine -screw carries

The finished gold leaf electroscope. It is made from a small square box and has a glass front, through which the movements of the gold leaf over the face of the scale can be observed.

OW would you measure the voltage upon the rubber comb which you used to comb your hair this morn- Every kitchen a power -plant. Flour sifted upon I ing? Surely the radio voltmeter the receiving plate instantly causes the leaf to would be worthless here. move, due to the electrical charge produced up- But this little box -shaped apparatus, the on the flour particles when agitated. electroscope, will enable you to detect the presence, and if calibrated, measure the to which it is attached, showing that elec- degree of static electricity on many objects. tricity has really been imparted to it. The The electroscope consists of a housing of leaf will slowly collapse, in time, due to the wood such as a cigar box or a cabinet radio leakage caused by imperfect insulation. of the small crystal variety. It is lined on Drops of water or grains of sand falling the inside with "tin" or copper foil, the upon the receiving plate will cause a diver- metallic lining being connected with a bind- gence of the leaves. ing post shown at left of instrument. If mercury be agitated it will become elec- The sensitive indicating leaves on the in- trified as can be shown by blowing the side of the box are of gold or aluminum leaf.

Sand becomes electrified when shaken. "Bird sand" in the funnel causes a movement in the leaf when it trickles through the funnel and falls upon the charging plate. another insert type binding post through which an umbrella shaped metallic receiver can be inserted for receiving the electric charges from outside influences.

The acting members of tit.: electroscope. This can be had from a sign painter for Friction produces electricity, as can be seen by the asking, as a strip an inch long by a the divergence of the gold leaf when the con- necting quarter of an inch wide is all that is post is smartly whipped with a dry required. handkerchief. The leaf is fastened to a strip of brass two inches long and half an inch wide by means breath through a hit of the liquid element of a minute drop o f mucilage taken from a placed in a metallic postage dish resting upon the stamp. The brass strip is suspended receiving plate. The leaves will diverge. Use vertically and is carried by an I. -shaped a non-metallic tube, such as a glass tube or piece of wire soldered to it, the free end soda straw. A curious fact has being No, this is not a soda fountain but a little elec- been ob- thrust through the hole in an insert - trical generator. Blowing the breath through served here. If the mercury is contaminated type of binding post, the binding post being mercury agitates it, thus creating an electrical with the smallest amount of baser metals in turn carried by a brass bolt about four potential as indicated by the electroscope. such as zinc, cadmium or sodium impurities,

www.americanradiohistory.com 332 Science and Invention for August, 1926 the charge of the current will be positive in Close the DPDT switch and with the con- character, while if the metal be pure the denser plates all the way in or completely sign of the charge will be negative. It meshed, close the single -throw switch or should be remembered, however, that you key if the latter is used, and then turn the might be charging the leaf with positive or condenser so that the movable plates arc negative electricity according to the type of unmeshed and low capacity results. The electrified body placed on the receiving plate, gold leaf will then diverge, after which the either type diverging the leaf. switches can be opened. Touching a charged electroscope will al- One can place a little paper scale behind low the current to pass off through the the gold leaf and if the 'scope is charged operator. A candle flame held near the re- in this manner, the reading obtained by ceiving plate of a charged electroscope will matching the gold leaf on the scale will give allow the current to leak off through the the voltage applied. For standardizing use layer of ionized gas produced around it by radio "B" batteries. If five scale divisions tile burning candle. are obtained with 100 volts, then every time be charged, if de- that the leaf diverges to that amount by some The electroscope can A candle flame ionizes the air and affords a path sired, by means of a variable condenser and of escape for the current, so the leaf falls back other charges, say that upon a rubber comb, several large size radio "B" batteries. The and excitation ceases. then the comb has imparted 100 volts upon scheme of connections is easily understood. the leaf. Simple Electric Welder By WILLIAM ANDERSON HE electric welder described in this ar- make it more convenient to handle on ac- ticleT is very convenient for quite a variety count of the heat which will inevitably be of mending, although its construction is quite developed. It is to be held in one hand and simple. It can be used for such heavy the welding wire is to be held in the other work as mending a cracked cylinder head on hand, its end touching the crack, and the arc an automobile, and for various other pur- is started. The wire will rapidly fuse, run poses. into the crack and fill it. If the carbon is a A carbon is taken out of an old dry cell. large one, a piece of garden hose may be used One should preferably be selected which is to form a sort of handle. round. One end of this is pointed; it may One has to know how to weld, and with be filed down or ground off on a grindstone this apparatus you can experiment very suc- or emery wheel. A copper wire is attached cessfully and soon catch the knack of it. to the other end. If it has no cap it is Often it is well to chip out the crack to a plated with copper and the wire is soldered sort of bevel, and if the crack is an open to the copper plating. It is designed for use one extending right through the metal, fire with welding wire or welding rod. clay or asbestos cement may be used to One of the illustrations shows the appa- close the bottom so that it will hold the ratus in use. The piece to be mended is metal of the rod as it drops into it in a attached to one of the electric terminals, and The welding is done by striking an arc between state of fusing. the carbon is attached to the other. A bit of the piece to be welded and a carbon. A weld- The welding wire will get hot and must be India rubber tubing slipped over the end will ing wire is fed down to fill the joint. held in pliers. Making a Simple Photoelectric Cell By RAYMOND B. WAILES MAKING a Simple Sun Battery could plates arc used for the electrodes or ele- should be used. Too strong a solution pro- probably be another title for this ar- ments of the cell, a solution of copper sul- duces a smaller current than a weaker or ticle. The experimenter has often thought phate in water can be used for the electrolyte. more dilute solution. The plates should re- that the only device which would actuate a If nickel plates are used, a solution of some main in the copper sulphate solution for at circuit or even indicate the presence of some nickel salt such as the nitrate or sulphate least a week before the cell is used. Do not is used with them. The plates can be as stopper the solution away from the air. large as desired. The larger they are the This immersion forms a copper oxide coat - greater will he the current produced. A good size is three by five inches. Two plates are used for a cell. They are fastened parallel to one another by screwing or other- wise to a wooden strip which is supported upon the glass vessel in which the electro- lyte is contained. The screw ends must not touch. A space of about half an inch separ- ating the plates is desirable. The plates should be thoroughly cleaned with steel wool and then washed with some caustic solution such as lye, to remove the grease, after water to remove The couple prepared for experimental demon- which they are washed with stration, and ready for insertion into the cell. the caustic. The construction of a simple photo -electric cell The electrolyte should not be made too based on the action of light on an oxidized cop- strong. For copper plates a solution of ing upon the surfaces of the plates. This per plate. copper sulphate of a very light blue color coating gives the photo -electric action. source of light is a photo -electric cell which After a week the cell is ready to use. is used with a battery and a relay or other Connect a galvanometer or millivoltmeter to device. The cells described here do not need the plates, using no battery whatever, taking a source of current to operate them. They care not to allow the plates to touch each produce a current, however small, by the di- other either in or outside of the electrolyte. rect action of light falling upon the active Now expose one plate to a strong light. plates of the cell. The light generates a A deflection of the index of the indicating instrument will immediately be noted. The current itself. the cells are extremely simple to make. illuminated plate will always be of same The of the metal comprising There is no processing, sensitizing, anneal- polarity, irrespective the plate or which of the two plates arc plates ; no critical temper- ing, etc., of the al- in their construction. The illuminated. One of the plates should atures to follow accom- can be had about the average home ways he in the dark. This can be materials side of the container shop. plished by giving the cells consist of two plates or vessel next to the unexposed plate a coat Essentially, the or even of the same metal immersed in a solution of The couple in the cell, with a 100 watt incan- of black paint such as asphaltum, a salt of the metal. For instance if copper descent lamp is set up for experimental work. stove pipe enamel.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science ana Invention for August, 1926 333

JUNIOR ELECTRICIAN

A One -Half Kilowatt Welding Transformer By EDGAR B. CONES

the metals to be joined are held and com- iron or silicon steel. The remains of some pressed between two copper electrodes. The old transformer can usually be found in the current is then turned on until the metals junk yard or local shops of your power reach the proper temperature, at which point company. Great care should be taken in pressure is applied by means of a lever con- cutting the iron for laminations, because nected to one of the electrodes. The weld re- the efficiency of the transformer partly de- sults exactly like a rivet. If the machine is pends upon the manner in which the legs for continuous duty, as in commercial work of the core join up. You will save time and the electrodes are cooled by means of a patience by taking the iron to the tin shop stream of water forced through a piece of for cutting. The core is two and one-half tubing, which is built into the electrode in inches square and when assembled measures such a manlier that cold water is constantly ten and three-quarters by seven and three- circulating therein. For welding of this kind quarters inches, with a five and one-half five hundred to one thousand amperes, at by two and one-half inch window in the from three to five volts potential is used and center. By assembling the core as shown is furnished by a transformer or a dynamo. in Fig. 5 it is only necessary to cut the Butt welding is used where it is desired laminations in two different sizes; five and to connect metals end to end such as pipes or one -quarter by two and one-half, and eight bars. The stock is supported in copper and one -quarter by two and one-half inches, dies which also serve as the connecting elec- a stack five inches high of each being suffi- trodes. The ends are put together and the cient. In order to minimize the eddy current current turned on until the metals are heated losses the laminates should be insulated from

lower left hand shows a coil of the welding transformer with four terminals to give two steps of transformation. The The upper left-hand illustration fully mounted. cut shows the use of a wooden form for winding the coils. The other illustration on the right shows the transformer

FVERY experimenter has many and sufficiently. Pressure is then applied winch each other. This can be done by coating one varied uses for an electric welder. forces the metals together in a sound weld. side of each with thin shellac. When the Yet the different voltages and am- By this method all burned metal or foreign shellac is thoroughly dry the core is to be for the two classes matter is forced out, bringing the pure metal assembled, leaving one end out, so that the perages required over of welding ordinarily make two transformers laces together, so essential for perfect union. transformer winding may be slipped usually necessary. Arc welding is used chiefly for filling in their respective legs. Current is conducted to the weld by heavy holes or cracks ill metal castings. It is very The transformer has four windings. Num- copper cables of relatively very low resist- useful in any place where the building up of ber one which is the primary and energizes ance. By using a heavy conductor of this metal is required. This type of welding the core, number two which is wound under kind practically all the heating in the circuit employs from twenty-five to one hundred am- the primary and supplies the current for is utilized at the weld. For example, the peres at from thirty to eighty volts. As arc welding, and numbers three and four stock to be welded is of iron which offers mentioned above one wire from the source which furnish the heavy amperage and low a high resistance to the flow of current. of current supply is connected to the work, voltage required for butt welding. These Since the resistance is in the iron to be while the other wire is attached to the copper last two coils operate in parallel and are so welded and all other parts of the circuit die. This die holds, by means of a set arranged that they cover the entire trans- have a high conductivity, the heating will screw, a wire of welding material. By former leg and still only give a low voltage take place directly at the weld. touching the work with the wire and pulling owing to the small number of turns. The two types of welding used most com- it away again, an arc is started, which de- Construct a core from wood two and one- mercially are contact and arc. Under con- posits beads of metal from the wire upon half inches square and twelve inches long. tact welding, we lave spot and butt welds. the metal being worked on. It may be mounted in a lathe or between Spot welding is used mostly in sheet metal Now that we have slightly touched on the two points so it can be rotated easily. Wind welding, we work and is mechanically equivalent to principles involved in electric evenly on this form a layer of heavy string into the details of construction of a riveting. It is much faster, however, in that can go and tack its ends securely in place. Cut a necessary ; which will do light welding the punching of holes is not transformer piece of empire cloth one-half inch longer rivets to be heated and work. neither are there than the coil and wind four or five layers headed down. In welding by this method, The core should be made from transformer

www.americanradiohistory.com 334 Science and Invention for August, 1926 around the string. Each layer should be the number one or primary coil should be to make the turns stay in place. The coils shellacked in place, being careful not to get wound. It consists of one hundred and should then be shellacked and allowed to dry. any shellac between the string and the empire eighty turns of number ten D.C.C. wire A clamp of strap iron as shown in the phbto- cloth. The length of the winding is five wound directly over the number two coil. graph is placed on the assembled end of the and one-half inches. It should be started Be sure to wind the number one and number core, as it will aid in holding the core while one-half inch from the end of the empire two coil in the same direction. The general the windings are being slipped into place. cloth and wound to within one-half inch of precautions as to insulation, et cetera should The core must now be closed by adding lami- the other end. This winding is made up of be observed. The coils may be removed from nations one at a time. This end must also sixty turns of number six double cotton the form by loosening one end of the string be clamped into position. The clamps also covered (D.C.C.) magnet wire. Be sure upon which they are wound and unwinding it act as transformer supports as shown by the to insulate all layers from each other with from under them. The coils should be taped photograph. Any blacksmith will make them a layer of empire cloth. This is very im- as shown, common friction tape serv:ng very for about fifty cents. The transformer is portant as a shorted turn means fireworks well for this purpose. This coil can now be now complete and ready for use. Caution: and lots of it. The turns can be secured shellacked and hung up to dry. thirty ampere fuse plugs should be screwed in place by heavy taping. The two leads The secondary coils, numbers three and into the fuse block at the lighting meter. The from this secondary arc coil should be four, consist of five turns each and may be load drawn by this transformer will blow brought out and covered with flexible insu- wound either with number 00 flexible wire any smaller fuse. lating tubing. Ordinary silk shoe string clip- such as that used in moving picture booths If instructions have been followed the ped over the wire will do very well. This or with number 00 solid wire. If solid wire builder will be rewarded by a transformer is the number two coil which supplies the is used it is advised that the constructor which will give very good results and will current for arc welding. After winding screw the wooden form in a vise, for it more than pay for itself with services three layers of empire cloth over this coil takes lots of tugging and sometimes a mallet rendered. Extemporized Furnace FURNACE for heating a soldering iron COPPER BOTTOM OF IRON BARS SOLDERING L L can be quickly extemporized from a REMOVED IRON common flat -iron in the method shown. The flat -iron in one way or another is dismount- ed, as to expose the heating element. In the flat -iron shown, the bottom is supposed to be removed. The flat -iron is turned up- s'de down, mounted on a block of wood as HEATING shown, and to concentrate the heat, a cover UNIT or hood is made of tin, which is shown in Fig. 2. A soldering iron resting on some copper or iron bars reaching across the iron and covered by the hood, will soon be brought to the soldering temperature. One _ advantage of this arrangement is that the - ` WOODEN iron will never be heated too hot, and over- SWITCH BLOCK heating the soldering iron is an error per- 110 VOLTS many people. It must be re- FIGI petrated by A tin hood economizes heat if placed over the \ membered that the day of the old-fashioned inverted flat iron. It is well to line the piece A flat iron, inverted, with the coil exposed, is of a convenient heater for a soldering iron or for soldering iron has not yet expired. The tine with thick sheet asbestos. light cooking, heating glue and similar purposes. electric iron has not entirely replaced it.

FAHNESTOCK CLIPS FOR battery. Then press the two pencils to- THROUGH CONNECTION gether and draw slightly apart. A tiny glow will show. If this is done in a dark HE illustration shows a method of us- How to make room better results will be obtained. ing two Fahnestock Clips to give a By Conrad Ruppert. through connection for a Bakelite or other High Frequency insulating panel. On each side of the panel, MAGIC BOAT exactly opposite each other, two clips are Coils Place an electro magnet and a battery in secured by a brass bolt which goes through a box, put a switch on the outside of the the bakelite. It will be seen that if ter- box. Fasten the box beneath the table top. minals of a circuit are caught in these two SEE NEXT ISSUE Place a wooden or porcelain basin on the clips, the circuit will be closed. This gives table, fill with water. Whittle a boat out a very convenient way of getting a first- of cork or wood. Place a piece of steel class connection in the simplest possible Full Details for Building inside. Then switch the current on and off. way, for this type of clip has proved its Large Oudin Coil By Conrad Ruppert. value for giving a low -resistance terminal. By shifting the magnet about mechanically, or by having several magnets, various effects can be produced. If a magnet is substituted for the ordinary steel in a boat, other curi- ous effects can be produced.

STEEL BOAT BASIN

Y/llllLlfftll////!/ .371//i/Jl.%í 1ÚÌ1MI11111 SECT ION -SW ITCtt OF Fahnestock connections are The well-known TABLE I connected in pairs on opposite sides of a panel. Thus employed they form excellent through connectors. ELECTRO -MAGNET DRY CELL WOODEN 110X LEAD PENCIL ARC LIGHT magnet Scrape the wood away from the ends of A simple arc lamp; pencil leads are the elec- A very simple application of the electro the carbon is exposed. Then trodes and the pencils can be held in the hand gives an excellent window show mystifying, al- two pencils till though simple in principle. connect a wire to each pencil, then to a as the wood cuts off the heat.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 335 THE CON STRUCTOI

How To Build a Hydrocycle

BICYCLE SEAT

PEDALS OF 2 X2" BLADE STRAP METAL 16 X g HEAVY SHEET METAL g" TUBE BLOCK BLOCK

11 ` 1111111.111.1111111hial.1-1 1111re _\ RUDDER "V"BELT

3 8 TUBE, UDDER WIRE RUDDER

BEARI NG PLAT E

COVER FLOATS WITI-1 ÁV PINE,- GLUE, NAIL AND COVER WITH CLOTIi

B LADE 5 BOLT 8 PIN 2" X 5- LEATHER BELTING

4" TUBE

z" WOOD GRAINS HOW TO FASTEN CROSS ED PULLEYS ON TUBE

The Hydrocycle illustrated in the diagrams here may easily be built and with enable the craft to maneuver on crowded lakes. The steering bars or grips it an endless amount of amusement may be obtained. Such a device develops operate the rudders. The interior very good of the floats should be given a good coat speed in the water and by varying the size of the buckets the of varnish, the edges of the wood should be sandpapered speed may be increased and also the power required and then a layer to drive it will have of unbleached muslin is fastened to the float structure with marine glue. to be proportionately greater. A bicycle sprocket and chain may be sub- Paint cloth with shellac, two coats stituted of paint and then spar varnish.-A. J. for the "V" belt illustrated. Note that there are twc rudders. These Maguire and D. W. Clark. How To Build Your Own Airplane (Conclusion of article published in July Number. Drawings on next two pages.) THE drawings published in this con- should if possible go cluding to the nearest flying the complete wing frame, and as will become article on how to build a field and study the planes to he seen clear from model there the drawings, the linen covering sport plane 'suitable for carry- as closely as possible, and make a few notes is to be ing one passenger, sewed to the ribs in the manner indi- illustrate the de- and sketches. By talking to the pilot or cated, using a strong linen cord, as supplied tails on wing covering and also the control mechanic on the flying field, you will be able by airplane manufacturers. This sewing is scheme whereby the operator is enabled to to gain some valuable information. The done with a lock stitch, as one of the de- manipulate the ailerons and horizontal rudder vertical rudder is turned to right or left by tail drawings illustrates, or elevator. Referring and over the stitch- to the control method pushing with one foot or the other respec- ing at each rib position is placed a strip of for the moment, we see that the aileron tively on the rudder bar. The right and left linen or cotton tape members well doped. After ap- as well as the horizontal rudder ailerons are moved up and down by swinging plying several coats of dope to the members are raised linen wing and lowered, i.e., swung the joy stick sidewise. The horizontal rud- covering, it shrinks and draws up tightly be- up and down on their hinged joints by steel ders or elevators are moved up and down tween ribs. wire by the cables about 3/16 inch in diameter. pushing the joy stick- back and forth. Those interested in building their These cables are own air- secured to the ends of horns The wing covering may consist of a good plane can purchase a Course on Flying securely fastened to the aileron and rudder grade of cotton cloth, but regular airplane at $5.00, or a complete members, set of blueprints giv- as the diagram clearly shows. Be- linen is preferred. The wing coverings are ing all details, for $15.00 from this Depart- fore you attempt building an airplane, you made in the form of bags, so as to slip over ment.

www.americanradiohistory.com 336 Science and Invention for Au -gust, 1926 How to Build Your Own Airplane PART II - CONCLUSION (First Half of Article Appeared in July Issue)

DIAGRAM OF CONTROLS ELEVATO R RUDDER ON SPORT PLANE ELEVATOR CONTROL ELEVATOR CABLE \

AILERON RUDDER CONTROL \ \ \\ .....- CABLE STICK \ / ÿ -- - i --'/ \\ - ¡\ - ELEVATOR CONTROL i -- _-- j!' ---/i- ---- ,CABLE ELEVATOR - ---- CRANK 1 '`J

LINEN OR COTTON WING COVERING TO CROSS N EXT STITCH SECTION OF RIB SHOWING AILERON CONTROL -- STRING HOW COVERING IS FASTENED WING WINGS ARE COVERED WITH A COVERING GOOD GRADE OF LINEN OR CLOTH. TO FRAM E THE CLOTH IS SEWED IN THE FORM,. STRIP ALSO DOPED OF A SACK CONFORMING WITH \ TOTRAIENLTERING AND THE SHAPE OF THE WING. -4---- INEDG GES. TAPE DOPED TO RIBS NEEDLE KNOT

WING SECTION LOIVG NEEDLE IS PUSHED THROUGH WING FROM THE TOP. THEN BACK THROUGH ON OTHER SIDE OF' RIB, TIE A KNOT AND PROCEED TO THE NEXT STITCH. METHOD OF COVERING WINGS, WHEN WINGS ARE \AFTER APPLYING ONE OR FUSELAGE, RUDDER COVERED WITH CLOTH AND AILERONS, TWO COATS dF DOPE, A AND ELEVATORS. SEWED APPLY ONE OR TWO CLOTH TAPE ABOUT II/2 WIDE COATS OF DOPE. IS DOPED ONTO EACH RIB TO FINISH WITH FOUR COATS OF DOPE AND THREE A GOOD GRADE COVER STITCHING. TWO OR COATS OF OF $PAR VARNISH. I STRUT FITTING BOTTOM WING,_ a e

161

Ili

alIi I STRUT FITTING 77:1- 1141 UPPER WING END VIEW SIDE VIEW END VIEW SIDE VIEW UPPER REAR FITTING LOWER REAR SPAR FITTING SPAR MAKE TWO - Nº.16 GAUGE STEEL MAKE TWO GAUGE STEEL

The control scheme for the home-made sport plane is shown in the drawing can be sewn, in the same manner as that shown for covering the wings. above. The cables leading from the control stick to the ailerons and tail These control members have their cloth coverings treated with several coats rudders are composed of about 3/16" diameter standard steel cable. The of airplane dope, to shrink and also strengthen the cloth; this being followed horizontal and vertical rudders as well as the ailerons are constructed with with two to three coats of good spar varnish. Lower figures show details of a number of ribs to give them strength, +nd also to which the airplane cloth spar fittings. Complete detail blueprints supplied at $15.00.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 337 Further Details of Home -Made Airplane This "Sport -plane" can be purchased complete, ready to fly, at the same cost as a cheap automobile

-AILERON HORN AND RIB ASSEMBLY - ALL OTHER AILERON RIB WEBS ARE CUT OUT AS, SHOWN BY DOTTED LINES.

TRAILING EDGE CLIPS "SOLDERED TO 3 °/16 DIA. HOLES TRAILING EDGE 8 3 AILERON HINGE MAKE 8

NO.16 GAUGE -

BOTTOM WING 4fij I DIA. STEEL TUBE REAR SPAR `` lltt AILERON HINGE EDGES LOWER FRONT ASSEM BLED WELDED SPAR FITTING AILERON TOGETHER PULLEY TURNBUCKLE --- MAKE TWO CLIP N2. 16 GAUGE ST. 13' Ì6

3/I6 DIA 10 HOLES

AILERON PULLEY WING CLIP SECTION SIDE VIEW SPAR

AILERON HORN MAKE 2 OF N2. 20 GAUGE STEEL DIA.XNº.16 3/16 DIA. BOLT GA. STEEL K 3/6 UPPER FRONT BOLTS END TUBE VIEW SPAR FITTING MAKE FLYING WIRE TWO SHACKLE Nº.I6 GAUGE STEEL

I' DIA. X Nº I8 GA. TUBE SIDE VIEW- 25'

1 FRONT STRUT 74 DIA. X I2 DIA. X N2.16 Nº.I8 GAUGE GAUGE STEEL TUBE TUBE 274'

REAR - TOP STRUT, 21 VIEW- . t Nº.II SIDE . GAUGE I/IEW- STEEL -RIVET-' TUBE 3/B

y AXLE COLLAR MAKE TWO --FRONT VIEW--,,

The drawings shown at the top of the page make quite clear the details of tubular construction shown In the lower right hand corner of the plate is aileron horn and rib assenbly. The drawing at the center left shows how to that for the landing cut out an gear vees, the axle being resiliently mounted at the aileron horn from No. 20 gauge sheet steel, the horn being formed lower ends of the vees, by means by bending the steel of airplane rubber. This rubber can be to the necessary shape. Details of the lower and upper purchased in %" diameter round form. Complete front spar fittings are shown at the right detail blueprints, $15.00; center of the plate herewith. The order from this department. Flying course $5 00.

www.americanradiohistory.com 333 Science and Invention for August, 1926 How to Build a Rowmobile IF we compare the operation of a one arm is in a horizontal position. These con- only with the legs, and so let the upper horse-power motor on a rowboat with siderations make it clear that a vehicle body rest. The body of the vehicle presents the operations of the same motor on a which is driven by full leg power as well a great advantage. The little vehicle can vehicle, we can see from the low speed as arm power, plus the power of the body, be constructed as a closed limousine so as of the motor boat which is only 2/ miles must attain a much higher speed. to be used in any weather. The air -resist- (four kilometers) an hour from the high Now we come to the Curry landboat or ance of the aluminum body built in stream- speed of the motor shaft, while with the Rowmobile; a vehicle with two to three line shape, is considerably less than the re- same horse-power as sistance offered by the air to a bicyclist. much as 30 miles per In this interesting street scene taken in Ber- hour (50 kilometers) lin, Germany, the latest vehicle, the Land - We all remember can be obtained on skiff, is to be seen. The Land -skiff or Row - how hard it is to land, it shows how mobile employs no engine but is propelled drive a bicycle is the resist- by the arm and leg action of the driver. Full against the wind. great below. ance to be overcome details are illustrated Those desiring to in the water. Now build this interest- if we compare a nor- ing vehicle which is mal rowboat t hat capable of an aver- does 1 to 2 miles age speed of fifteen (two to three kilo- to twenty miles an meters) an hour to a hour, will find the shell or racing boat accompanying draw- that attains a veloc- ing gives the neces- ity of twelve miles sary principles and (twenty kilometers) details on which the an hour, the thought machine is built. The forces itself upon us four wheels may be that in the first place of the bicycle type. the utilization o f while the axles may power in the racing be made from steel boat must be of su- tubing or iron pipe, perior order, for it, in spite of the great re- gearings attains a speed of 30 miles an hour, One idea for a simple brake is shown in the sistance of the water, to attain so high a a true sport machine for devotees of all drawing, but other schemes may be used speed. kinds, especially for oarsmen as a training by the builder if desired. The greater the The secret lies in the sliding seat that apparatus. From now on they can have diameter of the belt drum, the easier will gives the oarsman besides the power of his their rowing races upon the open highway. the vehicle be propelled, but at the sacrifice arm also the utilization of his leg muscles. The vehicle is equally well adapted for light of speed, unless gearing is used. A fair These were the considerations which brought athletics, for boxers, for reducing weight, diameter for the belt drum is six inches, the invention of rowing on land; and for medical application. belt being two inches wide by one -eighth Curry to the rolls wheels is to say, to bring the same utiliza- Moreover as a means for transportation, inch thick. The front seat on that free motion the legs as well tion of muscles shown on the shell or racing this machine is a rival to the bicycle. Not so as to give to the land vehicle. A bicycle is driven only is a much greater speed to be at- as the arms. The vehicle is steered by push- boat to toe against either side of the foot by the power of the legs. This power can tained by better application of muscular ing the utilization of one-third of power, but the muscles can be called upon bar. only represent the can be power in speed, because the separately in turn. For instance, one can The parts for building the device the muscular or at bicycle shops. utilization is only complete when the pedal work for a while with the arms only, or found on the scrap pile

LEATHER- CANVAS STEERING REAR AXLE PIVOTED AT ONE OR MORE BICYCLE WHEEL BRAKE BELT CENTER OF FRAME, FOUR WANTED EITHER LOCATION OR RUBBER /CABLES DRIVING PAWLS'\ -, BRAKE HANDLE

FRAME'

ROD

DRUMS \ RIGHT VIEW 4. 4 ,, REAR WHEELS TURN FRONT WHEELS / TOOT STEERING 1 \\ \\GUEST FREELY AXLE BAND SECURED TO AXLE BAR \ SEAT ON BRAKE "ROLLING HEEL REST PLATES SEAT

BRAKE DRUM SPRING ' BICYCLE WHEEL BELT FASTEÑED (PAW L TO DRUM OPTIONAL I SET SCREW

1

!i

Ì I BELT FRONT AXLE

RATCHET GUIDE COLLAR BELT DRUM -SLIP FIT ON AKLE LEFT VIEW driving axle. The Rowmobile can be made in many different ways, according to the ma- pawls rotate the ratchet, which is rigidly secured to the front to the constructor. The vehicle is propelled by means of a Then the spiral spring retracts the belt, and the pawls slip over the teeth terial available power on the axle. belt secured to a spring ratchet drum. As you pull on the belt handle, the of the ratchet wheel freely, without exerting

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and L nventvon for August, 1926 339

ARTIFICIAL MIRAGE RAIL ANVIL PHOTOGRAPHIC DUPLICATOR DRAWING OR PHOTO STRIP Or You can take f PASTEBOARD photographs o f your friend shak- PIECE CUT ing hands with OUT himself by using FIG. 2 t h e duplicator here illustrated. T h e variable VARIABLE mask feature will MASH help you to get perfect results.- A A piece cf an old steel rail twenty inches long was J. M. Cripper., heated in a slow fire and the fire allowed to die Rep. No. 6814. out, thus softening the metal. This was then cut with a hack saw and chisel to conform with the FIG. 3 FIG 4 shape shown. It was then heated to a cherry red and dropped in GAS HOT oil and has been in use as an anvil SAND for twelve years without being damaged. Weight BURNERS is twenty-two pounds.-Dale R. Van Horn. An artificial mirage can be produced by mounting LAPEL VASE a photo in back of a bed of hot sand and taking a OIL CAN EXTENSION picture of the photo. A pin hole camera can be WEAR IN used.-G. H. Waetjen. BACH OF Quite often the LAPEL This little device spout of an oil can BUTTON. BALANCE INDICATOR HOLE attached to the is not long enough underside of a to reach into ma- lapel of a coat chinery. To ex- will keep the A scale construc- tend it bore a hole most delicate ted as illustrated in a cork, insert flower fresh all will light the spout of can and day. The tube is bulb only when stick a wire into filled with water. perfectly b a I - the cork imtnedi- --Leighton Pow- anced. Circuit is ately under the ell, No. closed Reporter through spout.-S. Leon- 8620 X and Y.-W. ard Bastin. C. Wilhite.

MAKING AN AQUAPLANE UNIQUE TOASTER 6 ET

SIDE VIEW SHOWING LOCATION OF 1100M Pia I I--2 FE-.-1 . l. -z R-1 ' 1--C ti BACK CND PI CE FRONT END PIECE FIG. i -A FIG.11

A qd

FRAME SH WING BRACES AND R BS FIG. III RIB5 OF CEO R CANVAS PLANKING PLANK $ COVERING\ 1- croan

SIDE VIEWTHROUGH CENTER OF RLANE FIG. $ Above we show the diagram for t h e frame of the aqua- plane which is made of seven -eighths inch cedar. Fig. 1 is a side view shoving the upward curve at If you have no electric toaster you can easily im- the front rising two provise one if an electrical heater is available. Our inches in one and only requisite is a holder for the toasting fork. This one-half feet. Fig. holder consists of a piece of brass tubing 3/4 inch 3 is a top view. in diameter and about one foot long, plugged with After building the a wooden plug at both ends. The lower end is frame it is planked secured to a over with 3 -inch baseboard by a photograph cedar planking fas- wood screw and THE above shows an aqua - a flat a plane which was tened with galvan- hook is built and which was ized or copper rails. screwed d o w n actually used with a small power boat. It The joints are filled into the top to is buoyant enough to support a person when with white lead and hold the toasting the plane is standing still and it works very canvas is then fork. --C. A. Old- well when carried along at low speed. The spread over t h e royd, Reporter aquaplane is six feet long and two feet wide; whole. Copper tacks No. 4433. it is two inches thick at the sides and two fasten the canvas in and one-half inches place, which is then thick at the centre. The treated with a filler. front is one and one-half inches at the sides The canvas is joined and two inches at the centre.-P. H. Werner. at the edges. It will

www.americanradiohistory.com 340 Science and Invention for August, 1926 WRINKLES` REC I P ES &, FORMULAS Edited by S. Gernsback INK ERASERS FLOOR PROTECTORS REPAIRING SCISSORS Very fine sand paper attached WOODEN HANDLE CASTER ROCKER When scissors to wooden FINE Fastening discs do not cut well handles orSANDPAPER and pads of any more they glued to the felt to the roll- may be re- bottom of a ers of chairs pair ed by r ik- fountain p e n and to chair ing the screw make efficient legs saves high - which holds i n k erasers. 1 y polished the blades with Use round end floors and sil- a hammer as wood or ofl ¡- of ences chair i shown. Strike pen to smooth SANDPAPER movements. gently and try paper.-Wilson out repeatedly.OLD Use glue or SCISSORS- - PIECE OF IRON G. Walters, Re- shellac. -F. J. - Warren ' porter, No. Wilhelm. Scholl. 6335. FOUNTAIN PEN CHAIR' LEG WOOD CARRIER BLOT PREVENTER DRILLING CLAY A fuel carrier After erasing indi- made as Striking a star No.1 the new ink cated in the drill with a generally tends sketch will per- hammer when to spread. This KINDLING mit one to car- drilling a clay can be prevent- ERASING I NN SPOT ry twice the LEATHER THONG STAR DRILL vessel invari- ed by rubbing CLEAT 5., usual armload. ably fractures surface smooth Z\e.A.w,. T h e carrier the clay wall. No.2 with the back may be made aDW The hole may of a fountain long is as as CLAY POT be easily cut pen or a spoon. convenient t o Lasalata. IT. by twirling the POLISHING -J. BARREL HOOP handle. -War- drill with a SPOT Reporter No. , NANDLES ren Scholl. bow made as 24271. shown.-J. Harold Byers. LOOSENING GLASS STOPPERS SPOON HOLDER

Wind a heavy HEAVY CORO OR FISHLINE df cord CLEANING GLASS TUBING B y bending MEDICINE BENT piece SPOONy IN around t h e the corkscrew neck of the of a medicine a perfor- bottle and work BOTTLE Push bottle as illus- it back and \ ated cork into trated, a very forth whereup- L the tube, in- convenient a of o n friction sert tuft spoon holder is heats and ex- cotton and produced. I n Ì the cork pands the neck force tins way the MEDICINE BOTTLE so that stopper into a faucet spoon is always is easily re- and turn on with the med- moved. - Nina the water. icine. - D. S. Jeffers. Water p+tshes Kolb. cotton and dirt out.-Mary L. Boyd. LEATHER HANDLES KEY RING WRENCH BOIL -OVER PREVENTER

C' BOILING MILK Milk may b e prevented from boiling over by dropping a n alumin u m cover three in- ches in diam- eter into the ALUMINUM kettle. C u t LEATHER SQUARES COVER notch in cover. Charles Mohr. CUT EDGES OF HOLE CUT LEATHER DISCARDED SQUARES STAPLE PULLER RING FROM LOOSE-LEAF BOOK A piece of iron cut and bent as shown makes an ex- BAR OF STEEL, cellent staple puller. A steel bar may also be employed.- Very convenient handles for wrenches and tools may Ivy M. Hem- be made of washers of leather all strung on the ond, Reporter keys may be down STAPLE An excellent ring for a large bunch of metal tangs of the handles and then shaved No. 19,697. loose-leaf book. Dis- knife and finished with sand paper. secured from an old discarded with a sharp tend halves slightly to make them grip each other These handles will not split.-Loren J. Husted. Reporter No. 22823. Reporter No. 26527. more tightly.-I. Schwartz,

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 341 HUMAN AURA with the employer as those of the other THE laborers. Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: WALTER W. PRICE, Yellow 1 have just finished reading the article Springs, Ohio. by Mr. Fenn Germer on the $25.00 Prize (We will grant that the arguments in for Human Aura Photo, published in the first portion of your letter are sub- Wour July issue of Science and Invention. stantially correct, but we do not see how hile I am not in a position to send you it is possible that students are benefited a photograph of the human aura, I think by placing them in jobs which they do the following suggestions offered as an not like; such an action can only breed aid with that end in view will not be discontent and disgust. Most of our amiss, which of course does not make Red agitation and propaganda is due me eligible for the prize offered. primarily to discontent Assuming the human aura is en- and dissatisfac- that tion. Of course, there is the other side hanced greatly by a source of ultra-violet of this discontented rays, it would be very difficult to photo- nature which must graph it by means of such photographic be considered, in that when a man is paraphernalia as is found in the hands dissatisfied with certain things he of the average experimenter, because of changes them, improves them and in- the absorption of the higher radiations SCIENCE AND INVENTION desires to hear from its readers. It vents something to take their place. The by the glass lens. solicits comments of general scientific interest, and will appreciate cotton gin was invented because Whit- Furthermore, should a time exposure opinions on science subjects. The arguments pro and con will be aired ney was dissatisfied with the way cotton be required, it too would make the on this page. This magazine also relishes criticisms, and will present was previously hand -treated. Slavery process a difficult one. them in both palatable and unpalatable forms. So if you have anything was abolished because of the discontent A simple and inexpensive procedure is to say, this is the place to say it. Please limit your letters to 500 on the part of our Northern States. The to first construct a "pin hole camera" of words and address your letters to Editor-The Readers Forum, c/o Kaiser was made to abdicate because of the adjustable or focusing type. Such a Science and Invention Magazine, 53 Park Place, New York City. similar feeling. It is thus seen that in device can be built of a wooden or paper either case there are uprisings, some- box, blackened inside and out. The hole times detrimental to those occupying through which the light is admitted to the sensitive technical pursuit at home. It is the freshman's honest governmental positions and other times for the photographic plate or paper is made by a pin or conviction that the pursuit that he is most deeply benefit of humanity.-Emros.) needle. interested in at the time shall constitute his life work, An ordinary photographic plate or paper is now but it is found that a slight acquaintance with the treated with a ten per -cent solution of paraphenylene more technical side of his hobby is nearly always OUR BLUEPRINTS diamine, an organic reducing agent and intermediate lose its In enough to make the job attractiveness. Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: used in the manufacture of dyestuffs. Prof. R. W. fact so uncertain is the college student as to what Wood of John Hopkins I have just received the blueprints of the 880 -ton University, the eminent shall constitute his life work that it is made a regu- bark. This worker in ultra violet light, many years ago dis- lar policy of this college not to allow any student to is one of the best prints I have ever used. It compares quite favorably with other covered that plates (photographic) treated with a specialize in any course for the first three years of prints that solution of this compound were made much more the regular six -year course. I have, that have cost me ten times as sensitive to ultra-violet rays. This fact can be sub- much. Needless to say I am starting work on this stantiated by papers published by Prof. Wood in model at once, and I will be glad to send you a 1915 on the subject of Photography with Ultra snapshot of it when it is completed. I intend to Violet Rays. Assuming that this is the case, then a make the under part of the hull of mahogany anti pin hole camera and a sensitive plate or paper upper part of white pine, finishing the wood natural. (photographic) treated with the paraphenylene I have used this method before and find it makes diamine and the source of ultra-violet ray is all a quite striking combination, to say nothing of ease that is needed to successfully produce photographs of finishing. of the human aura. WILTON FISHER, fic- Tulsa, Okla. SAMUEL WEIN, THE new scientific (Monthly, the Blueprint New York City, N. Y. tion magazine, Department of SCIENCE AMAZING AND INVENTION Magazine increases in size. The (We are greatly indebted to you for this informa- STORIES, same nominal fee is niade tion concerning photographic aids and the method of will be on the newsstands for all prints which titis 10th. is department furnishes. Thus, the blueprint for the sensitizing plates so that they will give better re- July Here a 880 -ton bark costs only sults. We hope that the method here outlined will magazine after your own 50e and that is the average price for every large single blueprint. Where two help some of our experimenters to get the results heart. Readers of this magazine who have prints are furnished for which they are striving.-EDITOR). read the scientific fiction for any one particular model, stories for years the cost is also in the nature of 50e a print, mak- will welcome AMAZING STORIES with ing the total price $1.00 for the combination. The 14E WON A CUP open arms. Model Department is becoming very popular, more The next issue of AMAZING STORIES so every month. Nevertheless, we cannot Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: make it contains, among others, a well known story too popular, so it behooves all model makers to get I take pleasure in advising you that I have re- by Jules Verne, a powerful story propound- busy.-EDITOR). ceived the SCIENCE AND INVENTION CUP. No. 2, ing new thoughts as to how a brain can which was awarded to me as winner of the Model live detached from its body, by M. H. Building Contest for the month of June. This beau- Hasta; "The Moon Hoax," probably the LIKES POPULAR MAGIC tiful Cup, so elegantly engraved with my name and greatest scientific hoax ever perpetrated, and ?ditor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: mechanical devices wss altogether beyond my ex- other "amazing" scientifiction stories. Having read your magazine "Popular Magic," pectations. At some future date I intend to have AMAZING STORIES has secured the prepared by the staff of SCIENCE AND INVENTION, a photo made of the Cup, the Prize-winning model sole rights to all of Jules Verne's stories, under the direction of Prof. Dunninger, I must say and myself. These are to occupy a place of prom- written by this, the greatest of all scientific it is one of the most interesting magazines of its inence in my bungalow, which, by the way, I also fiction writers. kind published for the public, for the price you ask built. Be sure to get your copy today. for it. I the monthly contest will be successful ANDREW YONCONISH, trust that The magazine is edited by Hugo Gems- each issue and I predict that if the contestants could Bolling Field, Washington, D. C. back. (Your letter is but one see my trophy, your Model Building Department PRICE 25c of the many which we have would be a prominent feature of Science and Inven- PER COPY. received in which the writers praise Popular Magic. tion Magazine. There are a few letters which have arrived, some GEORGE BRIDGE, urporting to conic from magical societies and others Plainfield, N. J. from magicians, who believe that we are making a We find that most of the students preferring mistake in putting out (We are glad that you like the cup which. electrical engineering end a publication similar to SCIENCE AND INVENTION Magazine awarded up in some form of busi- Popular Magic, inasmuch as it would you. ness management, a injure magi- Now it remains for some of the other model makers and only strikingly small per- cians who are trying to make a living by mystery. to get busy. Remember, that the Science and Inven- centage follow out their original plans. However, To these magicians we always answer that nearly as you say, it is true that students after they have all of the tricks in Popular tion Model Contest offers a cup monthly. This been given a chance Magic are original. If cup and certificate is given to the best model en- to experiment for three years they are being used on the stage by legitimate per- tered in any one month. The conditions for enter- quickly find out what they intend to make of them- formers, then they are being used without permission selves. of the inventor. ing the model are simple and easily complied with, The average freshman's We exclude from this category and the model itself may be a steam engine, a idea of chemistry before of original illusions the simple parlor tricks which locomotive, a replica of an electric railway, an air- he has taken a college course consists of the idea everyone knows and which are not being employed. plane, a submarine, any type of ship, or in fact that is being fostered by manufacturers of chemical on the stage.-EDITOR), anything. sets and also in your Department of Everyday Those of you who have already completed your Chemistry, i. e., that being a chemist consists of models, send them in now! There is no time like pouring a yellow mixture into a blue one and getting WANTS SHORT STORIES the present, and to paraphrase the old a red color. It is obvious that a youth of sixteen saying, we cannot be expected to accurately express his liking 'lditor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: add, 'Procrastination is the Thief of Trophy Cups," Since Dr. Hackensaw has There are enough model -engineering societies in for chemistry or any other like technical pursuit. disappeared front the It has also been found that placing students on pages of SCIENCE AND INVENTION, and the story of America to make this contest interesting. Members "Tarrano the Conqueror" is in these societies are not barred from the jobs which they do not like, contrary to your state- the only bit of scientific contest.- ment, is beneficial to both the college and the worker fiction that appears in your magazine, it seems that EDITOR.) not only because it tends to widen the student's in- the magazine has lost some of its interest. I had terests and give him a chance to experiment but also bought the magazine on that account. I have always FINDING A JOB TO WHICH WE because it tends to develop his ability to work at a liked this form of scientific fiction and when I ARE FITTED job that he is net interested in. On this account found that only one story was running in SCIENCE nearly all freshman during their first year in Antioch AND INVENTION, I began to have serious thoughts Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: work for a time in some factory on the same terms of discontinuing it. But, just at the moment of My attention has been called to a statement of greatest trouble appears a remedy in the form of yours in the June issue of the SCIENCE AND INVEN- AMAZING STORIES." I am surely thankful for TION Magazine in which you say that it is your your timely contribution, and I am sure it will be personal opinion that a boy when he reaches the age received by others with as great thankfulness. of sixteen should know for what he is best fitted. Dr. Hackensaw Is Back KLARENCE KISSINGER, In the several years that Antioch College has Lititz, Penna. been established it has had an unusual opportunity THE Clement Fezandié "Hacken - (It depends entirely on our readers as to whether to study this phase in the development of theaver- saw" stories which have run for or not SCIENCE AND INVENTION Magazine is to run age boy and girl. When a student enrolls at a long time in SCIENCE AND IN- a short -story monthly in addition to the serial, or Antioch he is asked to select the three jobs which whether the publication is to continue the present he likes best and those for which he is, in his VENTION will now be found in policy. We would appreciate hearing from our opinion, best fitted. We find that the majority of AMAZING STORIES. readers as to whether they want a monthly short - students seem to have a preference to electrical en- They will be regularly published in that story in addition to a serial. A great many short - gineering and technical pursuits of a like nature, magazine, and the August number may now stories as well as novelettes are found in every issite very largely, I think, because of the fact that in be found on all newsstands. of AMAZING STORIES and for those on the look -out their earlier years they have become interested in a for scientific fiction. this monthly magazine will radio or have taken up some other more or less prove a veritable gold mine.-EDITOR).

www.americanradiohistory.com 342 Science and Invent:on for August, 1926

Radio Amateur Talks With Polar Fliers North Pole Expedition when the intrepid flyers made their recent trip to the icy regions. A two- way conversation w a s carried on between the New York radio enthusi- ast and the Eskimo bird- men on seventeen differ- ent occasions. The total power used at 2NZ is 50 watts, this being the en- ergy drawn by the single transmitting tube used in t h e sending apparatus. The circuit employed in the re- The owner of =4Z adjusting the transmitter. the transmitter is Mr. E. J. Strout, Jr., copying a message. liable tuned grid and plate Mr. E. J. Strout, Jr., who owns and oper- circuit. The receiving set consists of a three - apparatus and the avoidance of complicated ates the amateur Radio Station 2NZ, located circuit regenerator short-wave tuner. To boost wiring have largely been responsible for the in New York City, succeeded in keeping in up weak signals, a single stage of audio fre- success which has been obtained with both constant communication with the "Byrd" quency amplification is employed. Simplicity of the transmitter and receiver. r-44E The short-wave receiv_r with which the signals from the polar expedition were picked up is here shown. It uses a regen- erative detector with one stage of A.F. amplifica- tion,

Radio Station 2NZ boasts of a 50 -watt transmitter employing the tuned grid and plate circuit. The apparatus is laid out in breadboard fashion, giv- ing easy access to the in- struments. Static Is Directional! Radio ala Lunch Cart That static has directional An enterprising Englishman has recently properties has been definitely produced a sensation by installing a radio proven by a series of tests made receiving set in his lunch wagon. His pa- by the Bureau of Standards. By tronage has greatly increased as a result. means of the loop shown in the and his popularity is growing daily. While photograph, it has been demon- partaking of food the customers enjoy a con- strated that static ordinarily cert or other form of radio entertainment comes from a southwesterly di- and are thus put in a rather pleasant humor. - unless storm areas cause When a man is in this frame of mind, he rection, than he would a shift to other points of the usually eats more heartily compass. ordinarily. Miss Jane Wymore, of the Bureau of Stand- ards, is shown here adjusting the static loop, with which di- rectional tests are carried out. A radio re- ceiving set installed in a lunch wagon, not only at- tracts trade but makes the food much more attractive and more enjoyable.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 343

About "Cavalleria" and WRNY By CHARLES D. ISAACSON, Program Director WRNY

"LA MOINEAU" The Sparrow, from Helena Rubinstein Montmartre, who has been the France-the wild- adviser of a czar - est who ever went ina and an em -

on the air over i press, counsels WRNY. i WRNY listeners.

DR.' FELIX ADLER Hon. Joab B. Banton Founder of Ethical THE THRILLING "THUNDERBOLT" District attorney of Culture, who made The roar of this C ' c', Islacd n tlraction went on New York, who his first radio ad- the r:: ^.,r \VFNÍ. delivered an ad- dress on its Gold- dress on the con- e n Anniversary stitution in WR - through WRNY. NY's legal series. 4 NTERMEZZO from Cavalleria Rus- ticana"-requests come again and again for that famous melody to VIOLA BLANCHEY WRNY. Hand organs grind it out Berton Churchill Fine coloratura so- and everybody sings it. And so Mascagni's "Alias the Deac- I on," is a delight to prano, who is fame goes on and on. frequently heard Recently we in- WRNY fans in his over cluded a whole scene from "Cavalleria" in interesting charac- WRNY. sketches. the Edison Hour, when the Edison Ensem- 1 ter ble, Maude Morgan, harpist, and Judson House, American tenor, gave it over the air. So I am going to tell you something about this famous opera. It has only one act, but it brought immortality to its composer over- night. Pietro Mascagni, a Clarence Bloemker disappointed dreamer, Ferruccio Corradetti The St. Louis ten- eking out a mere existence teaching music, Veteran singer and or, has a fresh, heard of a contest for one -act operas. instructor, who re- rich voice. You Urged on by his ever hopeful wife, Mas- tains a youthful will hear him often voice at 65, a reg- at WRNY. cagni, a failure, determined to try again. ular at WRNY. He rushed out the score, and knowing that it was his greatest effort, he dared to im- agine he might win. And he did. Heard EVA ROBLE at Rome, "Cavalleria" was acclaimed by the Vladmir Graffman Petite prima donna Italian public, "Rustic Chivalry" (the Eng- Genius of the vio- of the Music Box, lin, and his artist whose oriental lish translation), was heard all over the students, are a songs are heard world; and little Mascagni found his name fortnightly treat over WRNY. alongside Verdi, Beethoven, Mozart. While broadcast by WR - Mascagni has written many operas since, N. Y. he has never equalled "Cavalleria." But his fame will endure through this true mas- terpiece of genius. STORY OF THE OPERA The scene is laid in Sicily on an Easter RENE FONCK morning. Facing the cathedral is the inn MARCELLA GEON French ace of aces, of Well known for who is flying from (Continued on page 375) her fine accompani- New York to Par- ments and instruc- is, spoke at WR - tion, is directing a NY, coming and concert series at going. FRANGE AND AMERICA MEET AT WRNY WRNY WRNY's radio ambassador, Georgette Nyrielle, with France's consul -general, Maxime Mogendre, and Mr. Isaacson. JUDSON HOUSE who starred in 'Cavalleria Rusti- cana" during the Edison Hour at WRNY.

MONA MORGAN Gave Shakespear- ian interpretations at WRNY. She has starred lately with W alter Will Irwin, the famous author, wan the Hampden. Man of Mystery, before WRNY's micro- phone at the McClure's dinner.

www.americanradiohistory.com 344 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Kinks for the Radio Bug By RAYMOND B. WAILES A Few Practical Hints Trouble Lamp Extension Meter Leads Battery Brush

A "proboscope" consisting of a small flashlight An old tooth brush is very handy for cleaning bulb having two wires soldered to its term- the tops of storage batteries. inals and forced into the end of a piece of rubber tubing is useful in tight places. Air Drier Sanding Wheel

Convenient extension leads for the pocket volt- meter are made by soldering two pieces of bus bar, one to the meter case and one to the end A bottle of calcium chloride or slaked lime of the flexible terminal. The bus bar is cov- inside the set keeps the air free from moisture ered with spaghetti almost to the extreme tip. and thus improves reception. A strip of sandpaper glued or tacked on the periphery of a wooden disk held in the chuck of a hand drill makes a good sand wheel. Table Condenser

Drill Stand

,11! .%ojg;//iidrnll I i 11111\tN\ll,N.

That is what we aim to make the Radio Department of

SCIENCE & INVENTION.

Every set described in this section is carefully tested before it is con- sidered for publication. Descrip- Drills may be kept handy if held in a drill tive articles with photos and dia- stand. This may be easily made out of a A panel type condenser may be adapted for block of wood ?/8"x3"x5", using each drill to grams of sets desired. table mounting by fastening it inside of a make its own hole. Beside each hole stamp piece of cardboard tubing by means of a pair into the wood the number of the drill. Shel- of brass brackets. Connections are made to lac or varnish the stand. binding posts and a cardboard top is put on. the tube. Sodion Hook-up ZI PLATE A Curious Effect PLATE HERE is a hook-up with which I have JII A Spanish correspondent informs us of a had exceptionally good results. A G p very curious experiment tried with some car- Although it at the radio station of Paterna, Sodion D-21 detector is used. SODION rier pigeons is that a Sodion tube does not oscil- near Valencia, Spain. Several birds were said F +F late, when using this circuit, I could pick released near to the aerial mast at the up stations by the heterodyne whistle and moment when the station was transmitting, they would come in louder, and I could and it was observed that the pigeons lost were cover longer distances than with the standard their sense of direction. The tests and in all cases the circuit. repeated many times, electro -magnetic waves appeared to destroy, I am using a specially wound variometer. the pigeons' sense of direction. This would 45 V. The plate variometer has 128 turns and the indicate that a severe lightning storm would grid variometer 96 turns. The actual hook- lilililili also destroy their sense of direction. It up is shown in the illustration. An experimental hook-up using the sodion de- would be interesting to determine which Contributed by EVIN ZANE. tector. wave -length produces the greatest effect.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 345 All -Purpose Panel Voltmeter

TO PLATE CIRCUITS l+ OFF TUBES PLATE CURRENT 90 V. MILLIAMPERES B- BAT. VOLTMETER

.SWITCH OR PUSH- BUTTON

TO SET FILAMENT CURRENT

The above diagram shows how a milliammeter, filament ammeter and filament voltmeter are connected in the circuit of a receiving set. The millianmeter is connected to read the total plate current drawn by the set, the am- meter the total filament current and the volt- meter the voltage of the "A" battery. The voltmeter, together with the controlling switch, is depicted in this photo- graph. The pointer indicates which voltage is read. TO AMP TUBES

TO DET. TUBE

C BAT. VOLTS BUTTON DET. fl 45 .2 POINT V. SWITCH = -B- 4zV

BAT -B BAT. PUSH BUTTON

À BAT. VOLTS BUTTON A rear view of the controlling switch show- Internal connections of the con- -A BAT. ing the soldering tabs. trolling switch. TRUE FILAMENT VOLTS (3 PT. SWITCH MAY BE USED HERE, WITH OFF POINT + B+ A A voltmeter is shown here connected to read the voltages of the 90V 40V B- "C" battery, the "A" battery, and the detector and amplifier "B" I ----- T battery. Readings are taken by pressing the various buttons i.._..._------:-=-----_.-._...... _. I it ! ri,r indicated in the diagram. i ü2' I . `?; w , ; l!I i i 4i:9)L' .'/ i THE use of a voltmeter in a radio set tells at a glance the .C3 1 exact voltage condition in any part of the circuit. In 2-4 :i :e -_r¢,!iL the past, in order to give accessibility fo all parts of the i! . -i4:. '. --T- circuit it has been necessary to use several meters. This r procedure is quite expensive and necessitates the use of a - -:-----:-i------_-i larger panel than would ordinarily be required for the set. The voltmeter and controlling switch shown herewith do the work of half a dozen or more meters practically at the price of a single meter and only occupy slightly more room. The controlling switch is essentially a two -pole multiple throw switch, having two moving arms and several pairs of contacts, by means of which the meter may be connected The voltmeter and controlling IN ST. switch here to any part of the circuit where a voltage reading is required. are shown connected in the circuit cf a Neutrodyne A "built-in" resistance is used in series with the meter for receiver. reading "B" battery voltages.

RESISTANCE COILS

Tube Flasher FLASH BUTTONS THE "dull -emitter" type of tube such as the 201-A or 199 depends for its effi- ciency upon the thorium with which the fila- ment is impregnated. An excessive plate or filament voltage removes much of the thor- ium from the surface of the filament, and the tubes becomes inoperative, qr nearly so. In many cases tubes may be restored to their original activity by a process known as "flashing." This boils out some of the thor- ium in the filament and brings it to the sur- face. The two photographs show a tube flasher which operates directly from the 110- volt A.C. or D.C. lighting circuit,

www.americanradiohistory.com 346 Science and Invention for August, 1926 Something New in Super-Hets

A New Eight -Tube Super -Heterodyne Which Has Achieved Trans -Continental Reception on a Loop Without Ground or Aerial. Accurately Tuned Air Core Transformers Are Used As Well As Several Other New Features.

sults are obtained as when the proper imped- ance transformers are used for the type of tube selected. The volume control comprising a graphite compression unit giving 25,000 to 250,000 ohms' range, is connected across the second- ary of the first A.F. transformers. The volt- meter and milliammeter may be dispensed with if the constructor does not care to pur- chase them. Only the best grade of rheostats and by-pass condensers should be purchased as these are two particular sources of noise, especially in super -heterodynes. The rheo- stat used to control the oscillator tube should be of the very highest quality, as variations in the resistance due to a faulty rheostat will in frequency, the sig- Rear view of new eight tube Super-heterodyne here described. The heteroformers all have metal cause changes the and shields which are grounded to negative A, thus eliminating body or other capacity effects entirely. nal will fade and the set will not be satis- factory. Cheap by-pass condensers are an- THE accompanying photos and dia- writer has found that it is best to use shock- other bad offender, in that they begin to grams show the full construction de- proof sockets for all tubes, or else to mount leak perhaps, and the operator never suspects tails of the very latest super -hetero- the sockets on a piece of bakelite, suspended that these are the source of the noise, which dyne, which has achieved trans -conti- on rubber bands. The metal shields on all may resemble a steady steaming sound. nental reception this spring on a loop, with- the air core transformers constituting the As one of the diagrams herewith shows, out using any ground or aerial whatever. super -het proper, are grounded to the nega- the tuned air core transformers of the shield- The president of the conern sponsoring this tive A terminal, except in the case of the ed type utilized in this set, may be placed super -heterodyne received Los Angeles on No. 5 unit, which has a wire running from about 3 inches apart in a row at the rear of the loud speaker in his New York hotel room negative A to the lug on the shield. A the base, with six of the tube sockets spaced this April at 8:00 o'clock in the evening. radio frequency choke coil is placed in series in between them. When using these shielded Some of the remarkable features of this with the primary of the first audio trans- transformers, there is no danger of picking new super -heterodyne are that there are no former. The iron cores or shells of the up noises from house lighting circuits, etc., body capacity or other inductive effects or transformers are grounded to the negative A, and unlike other super-heterodynes of the pick-up, due to the fact that all of the ac- as well as the rotary plates of the two main unshielded type; it is also impossible to pick curately tuned air core transformers em- ployed are shielded, all of the metal shields being grounded to the negative A terminal of the circuit. The oscillator is specially designed and connected in an entirely different manner than heretofore, the pick-up coil being placed in the plate circuit of the first detector, as the diagram shows. This helps to eliminate noise and other effects due to placing the pick-up coil in the grid circuit, and more- over it eliminates the usual super -het annoy- ance of tuning in a station on two or more points on the dials of the condensers. View under the sub -base of eight tube Super -heterodyne showing fixed by-pass condensers and neat No potentiometer is employed in this arrangement of wiring. Sockets used should be of the resilient type and tuning condensers of super -heterodyne circuit, and no "C" battery SLF type. ampli- is used on the intermediate frequency of up a station unless the loop is actually con- case in other pre- tuning condensers. It is best to place one fication tubes, as is the series with the nected to the set. When this is not the case, where the potentiometer was the new protective fuses in vious circuits negative "B" battery line. If fairly strong it shows that the various intermediate trans- eliminated. A potentiometer may be inserted formers are doubtlessly picking up radio the bias on signal or voice is desired on the loud speaker, in the circuit for controlling grid used in the waves, and it can readily be seen that a set frequency tubes if desired. a tube such as a UX 112 can be the intermediate a 9 -volt "C" bat- which does this is not likely to tune sharply, noise, namely, the grid leak second audio stage, using One source of shown in -the diagram. The 4/ -volt and also there is liable to he trouble in pick- and grid condenser in the first detector cir- tery, as battery is sufficient for both A.F. tubes ing up more than one station at a time, as cuit is eliminated by the use of the 4/ -volt "C" if UX 201-A tubes are employed throughout. well as interference from nearby lighting and "C" battery, connected in series with the transformers used in shows. UX 199 three -volt tubes can be used in this power circuits. The loop and grid, as the diagram clearly spe- this new super -heterodyne are wound and rheostats are used on the super -het, the manufacturers supplying High resistance tuned air core transformers calibrated with the very highest precision in in order to give accurate and smooth cially designed tubes for these tubes. The small tubes can be used the radio engineering laboratory connected control over a considerable range, the tubes establishment, the thus with the transformers supplied for use on with the manufacturer's having to burn only at a dim brilliancy, re - of each transformer being shunted noise. The the UX 201-A, but not as satisfactory secondary eliminating another source of by a fixed condenser of the highest quality. Unlike some super-hets, the transformer con- denser is not varied to tune the transformer, in connection with an oscillator and wave meter, but the number of turns on the second- ary are changed until the circuit is balanced to within a fraction of one per cent. accuracy. Note that the grid return of the second detector goes to the filament plus instead of battery plus. Be sure to test all rheostats and all condensers, including the fixed unit, to see that they are not short-circuited or open - circuited before you install them. It is im- portant to keep the "A" battery always well the two extra large audio charged in operating super -heterodynes and a Front view of Super -heterodyne showing eight sockets, heteroformers and stage of audio is sufficient. storage "B" battery is desirable. frequency transformers employed. Under most conditions one such

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 347 The Very Latest In Super -Heterodynes This Eight Tube Super -Heterodyne Employs Accurately Tuned Air -Core Transformers

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This new type of super -heterodyne emplcys accurately tuned air core trans- up coil of the oscillator is placed in the plate circuit instead of the grid cir- formers for the oscillator and intermediate stages of radio frequency ampli- cuit of the first detector. No potentiometer or "C" battery is used on the fication. This circuit and the specially built heteroformers are arranged in grids of the intermediate frequency tubes, and also no grid leak or grid con- a new and novel manner. As will be seen by studying the circuit, the pick- denser are used for first detector, 4% volt "C" battery taking their place.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 Some Experimental and New Reflex Circuits By L. W. HATRY, lOX

IN DEVELOPING some reflex circuits Those included in the group in the article phasized. Variation in the R.F. transformer that looked good on paper a good deal are becoming more or less known, although dimensions is possible, of course. In fact, if of experimenting with arrangements and none of them have been published by anoth- other than .0005 mfd. variable condensers hook-ups was not particularly necessary but er writer. All of them have been tested by are on hand such a variation will be neces- was decidedly interesting. Exact measure- myself. All of them will work with varying sary; with .00035 mfd. size, the secondary ment of inductances, capacities and resist- degrees of satisfaction-depending entirely winding changes to 60 turns and with .00025 ances being of minor importance, was not upon the builder's patience. mfd. to 75 turns, if the previously specified attempted. No sort of laboratory work was In Fig. 2A is shown a one -tube reflex with coil diameter and wire -size are adhered to. done that required advanced knowledge or a crystal detector. The essentially new fea- The antenna coils cannot be satisfactorily equipment; so an account of this sort of tures of this reflex circuit are in shunt -feed- tuned with a .00025 mfd. condenser with pastiming that merely paves the way for ing the audio -energy into the R.F. amplify- some antennas, but it is not necessary that more exact work might be of interest to the ing tube and arranging the rotary plates of an experimental set cover the wave -length man no better equipped than was the writer. the variable condenser so as to be grounded. band exactly as one would expect of a fin- An old panel, two years old to be exact, This method of coupling up the audio fre- ished set. and bearing the call letters SXV, which was quency and radio frequency energies has As you probably know, the crystal detector the writer's designation as an amateur when been called the Hartford Times Reflex Cir- is essentially a current -operated device. For in Texas, full of holes but of 7" x 18" di- cuit. Practical constants for the circuit are: that reason, the performance of the crystal mensions, looked just about right for a Ll, 3" diameter, 50 turns No. 24 D.C.C. is best when the ratio of turns between L handy mount, so three condensers were at- wire; L2, 20 turns wound between the two and L2 is low. However, the size of L2 tached. halves of L, which makes 40 turns in all, will determine the stability of the reflexed Two sizes of condensers were used, one of same diameter and same wire ; Cl and C are tube unless some means of neutralization .0005 microfarad and two of .00025 micro- farad. All of the condensers were straight o `.)(((.)C.J S NEUTRALIZATION TAP line wave -length type. z-4ZV: AT 15 Te TURN pp P BASEBOARD R.FC o+ B+ OF A.FT. UNIT 01 ._;1 I ti C5 O P OF A.FT. úú'c.6

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FIG. I If it is not possible to obtain a baseboard large q+ enough to hold all of the parts the board may FIG. Z -A ßt 45 be built of units as above. up shown .. A- B - B+90 V. F1 G. Z-8 A great deal has been said in recent arti- Fig. 2A shows a 1 tube reflex, the outstanding feature of which lies in the shunt feeding of the importance audio frequency energy into the radio frequency amplifying tube. If it is desired to use a tube de- cles regarding the of sufficient tector in preference primary turns in the R.F. transformers. Yet to a crystal, then connections should be made as in Fig. 2B. we know that the ratio between the number of primary and secondary turns is approxi- .0005 mfd. variable condensers; C2 and C4 are provided. The connection of the neutral- mately our voltage step-up, and this voltage are .006 mfd. and .001 mfd. respectively; C3 ization components are indicated by the step-up is important to gain amplification. is .00005 microfarad, fixed or variable or dotted line. The small condenser C6 can be Assuming that we demand a primary wind- made according to Fig. 5; C5 is .0001 to any type of midget variable capacity. The ing of 20 turns, then we want as many turns .0005 mfd., depending upon the antenna, and tap on L is determined by the number of in the secondary as possible. A .0005 micro - the R.F.C. is 1500 turns of wire jumble - turns in L2, the 35th turn from the crystal farad variable will use 45 turns of secondary, wound on an ordinary thread spool or else connection being found satisfactory. with a given coil diameter and wire size, to a /" diameter dowel, the wire being 34 Fig. 2B shows the tube detector connec- tune from 200 to 600 meters, or 180 to 550, D.C.C. or D.S.C., or smaller. The R.F. choke tions, if a tube is to be used in preference approximately; but the necessary wave range winding should be mixed and not layer to the crystal. The addition of regeneration can be obtained with a .00025 microfarad wound, for a layer wound choke is often will result in something on the order of the condenser and 70 turns of winding, with a useless. The condenser C3 must be .00005 so-called Roberts' circuit. A tickler coil for certain size of wire and diameter of form. mfd. or less to avoid distortion, if a good regeneration would have relation to L, of In the first case our winding ratio of S :P is audio transformer is used. Should it hap- course, and would have to be about 18 turns. 2/ :1 and in the second 31/2 :1. The latter pen that the audio transformer is bad, or In 2B, it is noticeable that no grid -condenser is therefore preferable, which is the reason guilty of distortion, it may be found to pay is used. The detector in a reflex set, if a for the .00025 mfd. variables. The antenna to experiment with various sizes of C3 since tube, is more certain to be effective if the capacity, "butting" in on the tuned circuit of a size can be found that will materially help tube is used as shown; i. e., without a grid - the first tube, interferes with the tuning to smooth out the performance of a poor condenser, with 45 volts of "B" battery and range expected; so that, to compensate, more transformer and make it produce fairly even with the filament return to the negative side variable shunt capacity must be used. This amplification over the audible range of fre- of the "A" battery. It sometimes happens explains the .0005 mfd. condenser. quencies. This effect will be noticed when that the performance of the detector tube is Coils, the method of mounting, sockets, the bass notes seem to become unusually em- improved under these conditions if the use resistances necessary, transformers, and so of from 1/ to 4/ volts of "C" battery is according to the state of on, all these vary F- 510E OF C4 experimented with. mind of the manufacturer, what is on hand Fig. 3, applying a change in Fig. 2, shows or the builder's whims. Therefore, the base- the use of impedance audio -coupling in board, to match with the panel unit, must AUTO -TRANSFORMER place of an audio transformer. This is the be variable in size. Accordingly, a length first time a reflex circuit has been shown of /" X 4" board was obtained. This was that could use impedance -coupling. The im- cut up into several 17" lengths, the length be an P OR pedance can old audio transformer fitting nicely behind the panel The base - CRYSTAL SIDE OF C4 secondary winding with the primary left hoard, by the use of metal strips and screws, free. The quality of musical reproduction could then be deepened in 4" steps to any .01 OR LARGER that results from the proper size of imped- area necessary to mount any quantity of ap- ance is nearly perfect, and most A.F. trans- paratus without crowding. Fig. 1 shows the R.F, Ç. former secondaries are right for the type baseboard arrangement. - OlA tube. Don't forget the R.F. choke. CIRCUITS EXPERIMENTAL FIG.- 3 FIGURE FOUR In this hodge-podge, no untried arrange- In Fig. 4 is illustrated a more compli- ments will be found. Those presented are Impedance coupling may be used in place of a cated circuit. The amplification resulting is combined of practical and effective arrange- transformer by following the above connec- that of four tubes, while the crystal acts ments which are also theoretically sound. nections. as detector. The sets assembled from it

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 give two stages of R.F. amplification, de- tector and two stages of audio -amplifica- . U(JUUC. tion. If it were neutralized it could be con- .R.EC A.F,T sidered very similar to the five -tube neutro - CZ> dyne. C5 7P on An unusual arrangement of the audio i2r _ r - and radio circuits makes all of the audio cir- r óú R.F.C. L37 L4 üú L 2 cuits to be shunt -fed through R.F. chokes. Such an arrangement makes certain of the highest grade of stability throughout the set. If self -neutralization is depended upon, the primaries of the R.F. transformers will have to be of six or eight turns. Fig. 6 indicates the correct connections of the R.F. transformers if the windings are wound in the same direction. If the set is neutralized, the primaries can be from 10 to 15 or 20 turns ; the more turns there are, the less the selectivity, but the greater the volume and sensitivity-L2 and L3 being the coils con- cerned. The antenna and secondaries' coils, C..+ - A" Ll, L4 and L, are made as described before, to fit the size of variable condenser on hand 90-135 V. B+O to be used. FI G.4 Ç3 and CC3 are again very small con- This circuit, while more complicated than the one shown in Fig. 2A, gives an amplification equiv- densers a la Fig 5, or else purchased in a alent to four tubes, the crystal acting as a detector. There are two stages of R.F. and two stages of A.F. If neutralized, the hook-up becomes equivalent to a five tube Neutrodyne.

less nor more complication. As a prelimi- It also gains another valuable quality. Since nary, it is necessary to mention what does the high -potential electrostatic fields are not occur in the Times circuit that makes it confined to the stator plates, and from stage preferable to the normal reflex circuit. to stage these are out of phase, it prevents The condenser normally in shunt to the an electrostatic or condenser coupling from secondary of the audio transformer can or existing between stages of the R.F. amplifica- can not cause bad distortion, depending upon tion and so improves the notoriously bad selectivity of the usual reflex by removing G the cause. Although the R.F. transformers have been built with entire respect for radio - engineering data, the R.F. electrostatic feeds +8 provide free coupling that allow the R.F. AB I" to cavort about with entire disregard of the OR MORE conventions. PRI. SEC Experiments with reflex circuits will more Another type of reflex circuit is shown in Fig. than repay the constructor for his trouble. 7. The Wheatstone Bridge principle is used The trend in present-day sets is to use a here. P F- large number of tubes, little or no regard FIG 5 FIG. 6 capacity of .00005 mfd. C4 is .002 mf. and If the windings of the R.F. transformers are BROOM HANDLE C5 is adjusted for the size of antenna on put on in the same direction, then the connec- CORE/ in Fig. 6. hand. C6 is .006 mfd. tions should be made as Again it is important that the primary L2 shall be adjusted to fit with the crystal its size. To avoid distortion, the condenser detector, although the ratio L2 :L is not very should be .00005 mfd., or less, in a reflex important, provided sufficient energy does circuit using ordinary audio transformers, get from L2 to L. and up to .0001 mfd. if usually good audio The crystal detector in a reflex set is best transformers are on hand. In any case, chosen for stability, which limits one to a this capacity must be small. When a small capacity is used in the usual reflex circuit fixed detector preferably, and very likely to A a carborundum crystal. An adjustable de- it permits excessive instability because R.F. FIG. II B tector will be stable enough. energy will go into the A.F. transformer, The R.F. chokes are jumble-wound to min- If the Hazeltine or neutrodyne method of and from there wander into other tubes and imize distributed capacity. Two winding forms are shown, neutralizing is employed, it will be found their circuits and so be the beginner of use- relatively easy to neutralize the set. Due less and annoying feed-back. It is neces- sary to use a small condenser and at the being given to economy of current consump- to the fact that a reflex set couples up the tion. audio and R.F. ends so thoroughly, it is same time eliminate the feed-back. The In practically every circuit but the inevitable that audio oscillation should start R.F. choke does that trick. It prevents the reflex, each tube is required to perform but feed-back so that the condenser can be of one duty, whether it be that of a detector, up, especially in this set. That is what hap- oscillator, pens when the set howls. When it is neutral- any size desired, which has proved proper. radio frequency amplifier or audio ized, it becomes stable and quiet. The business Then it becomes exceedingly useful to have frequency amplifier. However, a vacuum of adjusting thus thoroughly smooths it out. the rotary plates of the variable condenser tube can be made to act in a dual capacity connected directly to the filament lines, and without sacrificing very FIGURE much in either effi- SEVEN to have the filaments grounded, to prevent ciency or quality. If there is a slight de- In Fig. 7 is illustrated another method of capacity effect. This stunt puts the con- preciation in quality due to reflexing, it is reflexing that does the things accomplished denser mentioned, the fixed one, necessarily more than compensated for in the reduction in the Times circuit with perhaps neither at the grid end of the R.F. transformer. of the total number of tubes necessary.

The hook-up shown in Fig. 7 is indi- cated in its equivalent ideographic form in Fig. 8. Cl and C2 are midget condensers forming the arms of a Wheatstone Bridge and are used for balancing the radio frequency currents out of the audio frequency transformer, the distributed capacity of which is represented by the condenser C (the L secondary winding being indicated by the dotted inductance across C.) This method effectively prevents undesir- able feed-back. Figs. 8 and 9 show the equivalent transmitting circuits which tend to introduce distortion in a reflex set because of the occurrence of modulation. The similarity between FIG. 8 FIG 9 FIG 10 these circuits and the normal reflex ar- rangement is immediately obvious.

www.americanradiohistory.com 350 Science and Invention for August, 1926 RADIO ORACLE In this Department we publish questions and answers which we feel are of interest to the novice and amateur. Letters addressed to this department cannot be answered free. A charge of 50e. is made for all questions where a personal answer is desired.

NOISY BATTERIES This will not give as much volume as the original PREVENTING OSCILLATION be 1. Raymond J. King, Lincoln, Neb., transformer connection, but the quality will (483) Q. 1. William Klein, Bronx, N. Y., (487) Q. greatly improved. desires to know what methods may be used to asks if it is possible for a dry "B" battery to prevent a tuned radio frequency set from oscil- cause noises in a radio receiving set. A. 1. This is sometimes possible and is more IMPEDANCE COIL DATA lating. in of batteries than A. 1. The two most popular methods of pre- often noticed cheaper types (492) Q. 1. C. D. McGarity, St. Louis, Mo., venting a tuned radio frequency set from oscil- in those of standard well-known manufacture. Some wishes to construct a power amplifier using imped- are the following: authorities claim that it is impossible for a dry ance coupling and would like to have the necessary lating battery to cause noises in a radio receiving 1. are placed very close to the metal "B" data for constructing the 30 henry choke coils. The coils set due to any intermittent or interrupted chemical action that may take place within the cells. It is, however, very true that a mechanically poor con- nection may exist within a "B" battery due to WOUND FULL OF insecure soldering and then this joint causes fluctu- CARDBOARD ations of the current which, of course, will give Nº.38 ENAMELED TUBE rise to disturbing noises in the reproducing element. WIRE This, however, is a rather rare case, but must be taken into consideration. IRON WIRE LOOP CORE (488) Q. 1. Richard Hays, Altoona Canada, asks how many feet of and what kind of wire should be used in winding a loop for broadcast reception. Also how large a form should be used for supporting this wire? A. 1. Use about 100 feet of wire. No. 18 bell DIA. wire or some similar type will be found quite 2 satisfactory. A good many constructors prefer stranded wire, such as lamp cord. Wind this on w -FIBRE END PIECES,,, a 3%- or 4 -foot frame, either of the box type, A variable resistance will prevent oscillation if otherwise known as the solenoid, or in a spiral in R.F. and detector grid circuits. form, on a set of four or more radial arms. Various connected the loops of different types have been illustrated in past issues of this magazine and you can get a very 4, end -plates of the tuning condensers, thus introduc- good idea of their construction from these articles. in the circuit. These ing eddy current losses The construction data for an impedance coil to losses in many cases will entirely suppress any SELF -NEUTRALIZATION set to oscillate. be used in a power amplifier is given in the tendency on the part of the (489) Q. 1. H. L. Burmeister, Holyrood, 2. Another method is. to connect a resistance above diagram. in the grid circuit of Kan., has made up a tuned radio frequency re- of from 400 to 1,000 ohms ceiver in which various adjustments of the neutral- the radio frequency tubes, as shown in the dia- A. I. The core for the coil should consist of a of this "damper" izing condenser do not affect reception. He asks gram on this page. The function why this is so. bundle of iron wires, 4 inches long and 11/4 inches as it is called, is to absorb some of the resistance, A. 1. There are few receivers that will self - in diameter. A cardboard tube is slipped over the power flowing in the grid circuit. If the damper core and fiber washers 254 inches in dia- the oscillations neutralize; your receiver seems to be one of the resistance is of the proper value, few. meter are glued to both ends of the cardboard suppressed. of will be completely Q. 2. How can a tuned radio frequency set of tube. The spool thus formed is then wound full nature be made to oscillate or No. 38 enameled wire. After the winding has been this regenerate? be carefully taped and CAPACITY GROUND A. 2. Slightly changing the angles of your completed, the coil should neutroformers should enable you to make the set flexible leads brought out. (484) Q. 1. V. A. Bower, Shelburne, Canada, receive signals on oscillate, if you wish it to, or to only regenerate. writes that he has been able to SUPER -HET R. F. his set by substituting for the regular ground a Q. 2. Where should the grid returns of the -T. wire dipped in a glass of water. He desires to radio frequency and detector tubes be connected. (493) Q. 1. David Sinclair, San Jose, Calif., know whether he has discovered a new type of A. 3. Be sure your radio frequency tubes do asks: Why is a Super -Heterodyne receiver em- not have the grid return leads connecting to the ploying only two stages of intermediate or radio ground. A this return should be to A on all tubes frequency amplification considered to be superior A. 1. It is entirely possible to receive radio + - signals and to transmit them without using a but the detector tube, when it should be at A +. to a two stage tuned radio frequency amplifier? It is only necessary to A. 1. The main reason for this can be readily direct ground connection. it is thoroughly understood that radio have a capacity effect between the receiving or TANDEM TUNING seen when This is un- frequency amplification takes place at its greatest transmitting set and the ground. (490) Q. 1. R. L. Gordon, Los Angeles. wave and when the doubtedly the situation that was found in the ex- efficiency at a certain -length, but the glass of water had Calif., asks: Is it possible to tune two stages of transformers carrying the current are so designed periment you outline, radio frequency with one condenser of .001 mf. as to operate at their greatest efficiency at the nothing to do with it. in air- capacity? I notice that in the tandem condensers particular wave -length or frequency to be amplified. Capacity grounds are also frequently used now market the of rotating plates are reception. The counterpoise on the sets In the Super -Heterodyne receiver, all incoming plane transmission and usually connected together, and in some, the sta- signals are acted upon by an oscillator and as a used by the average amateur transmitter is a very tionary plates also. be termed a capacity result, they are all changed, regardless of their good example of what might A. 1. In the standard tandem condenser the original wave-length, to one certain fixed wave- ground. rotary plates are usually connected together but the length and are then amplified by the intermediate sets of stationary plates are insulated from each stages. By proceeding in this manner, the two CHARGING STORAGE "B" BATTERIES other. If the stator sets were all connected together, requisites of efficient radio frequency amplifica- Alta., the grids of the tubes in the R. F. circuits would tion are obtained. First, the signals are amplified (485) Q. 1. Geo. G. Abernethy, Tofield, all automatically be placed at the saine potential at a wave -length where the greatest building up of Canada, desires information on how to use a Ford and no amplification would result. signal strength is possible and second, since all generator in conjunction with a step-up trans- signals are heterodyned to a specific frequency, the former, equipped with a vibrator similar to a intermediate amplifying transformers can he so spark coil for charging a 100 -volt storage "B" CHOKE COIL AMPLIFIER tuned as to pass this frequency with the greatest battery. (491) Q. 1. James W. Johnson, Milwaukee, efficiency and the least loss. A. 1. We would most certainly advise against Wis., asks: Can an audio frequency transformer, In the tuned R. F. receiver, it is obvious that your attempting to proceed as you have outlined. the primary of which has been burnt out, be used the transformers, being variable, will work at a Charging storage "B" batteries from such a source in any way in the amplifier circuit of a receiving greater efficiency at certain wave -lengths than at would be a very expensive proposition and would set? others and in consequence it would be necessary to require quite a complicated layout of apparatus. A. 1. Yes, the secondary may be used quite change the electrical constants of the respective cir- The best thing for you to do would be to obtain a successfully as a choke coil of au impedance coupled cuits for each wave -length in order to regain the small high -voltage generator, capable of delivering amplifier by connecting as shown in the diagram. loss, which is quite impractical. From these up to % of an ampere. If this is obtained in such statements, it can be readily seen that the Super - deliver approximately 120 volts, it a size as to .006 ME. Heterodyne is justly considered superior to a tuned could be used for charging storage "B" bat- radio frequency amplifier, providing, of course, that teries. CONDENSER the Super -Heterodyne is properly designed, built Q. 2: Can the step-up transformer and vibrator, and operated. in conjunction with a filter, be used in place of a G P G "B" battery? TUBE REJUVENATION A. 2. A device of this sort would not be practi- cal to replace a "B" battery. If the correct filter (494) Q. 1. J. K. McVicker, Mansfield, is used in conjunction with the generator men- Ohio, wants to know: Is tube rejuvenation prac- tioned in the answer to your first question, the tical? arrangement may be successfully used for supply- A. 1. This process is entirely practical and is ing the "B" potential to your radio set. in wide use today. It is one that will give excel- lent results if it is rightly carried through, but F 1 MEGOHM which may result in failure if the apparatus used "D X" CRYSTAL SET is not properly designed. Furthermore, when GRID LEAK it is nec- (486) Q. 1. Marcus McCoy, Dallas. Texas, PRIMARY rejuvenating tubes by the flash process. wants us to tell him how to hook up a crystal set BURNT essary that the high voltage be applied to the filament of the tube only through a short and capable of receiving over long distances. OUT SECONDARY OF the aging A. 1. There is really no such thing as a "DX" definite period of time. Then too, crystal set because of the fact that the same set AUDIO TRANS. process must be finished for a period of time suffi- much used in cient for the purpose and during this time, the will give results differing very when The editor various localities. Location as well as length and TO +'B° BATT. plate voltage must not be applied. a very great deal to do with of this department has used a tube rejuvenator in height of aerial has and has had excellent the "DX" qualities of any receiver whether it em- The secondary of an audio transformer in his laboratory for some time ploy crystal detector or a multitude of tubes. results with both the 199 and the 201A types of a which the primary has been burnt out, may be tubes. It must he noted here that tube rejuvena- We would suggest that you use any standard type used in an impedance-coupled of crystal detector circuit, preferably loosely successfully tion is practical only for those tubes having thori- coupled to the antenna. amplifier. ated filaments.

www.americanradiohistory.com 351" Science and Invention for dugust, 1926 Scientific Humor WE ARE GOING TO TRY THIS THEY DON'T CALL IT A BATH! DOCTOR: "Sambo, I can think of but one 1" to a friend who TU -BE OR NOT TU -BE "Ah said an old chemist cure you and that is an had just called at the laboratory, "1 was I sold my Re- thing that will in. I want your help." flex electric bath." hoping you'd look Four Doctah, yu' ain't "Certainly," was the reply. "What can and built a SAMBO: "Naw, sph, het. talkin' to dis here nigger. I had a frien' I do for you?" Super things down in Sing is bothering me," continued what took one of them "This what's How many drowned him!"-Weldon Mor - the old man as he produced a sheet of paper tubes? Well, Sing an' it covered with a quantity of white powder. I just for- phew. "My tongue has become so vitiated through get; I can't trust OUR RESTAURANT FRIES IT continually tasting things that But a B plus THAT WAY! it any longer. Just put a little of this on wire kissed your tongue and tell me what it tastes like." an A plus FIRST SCOTCH MAN, putting Lux in a fry- The friend complied while the chemist ing pan and tossing it about. post "Say, what's the gazed intently at hint. "Do you notice any And a flock of tubes gave up the ghost, SECOND SCOTCHMAN: in Lux?" effects ?" he asked. So I'm making a Crystal Set. idea of frying that bacon "No." -Norman I. Schiller. FIRST SCOTCH MAN: "H'mm, I don't want "Is it unpleasant?" the bacon to shrink."-Joseph Cada. "No," said the other, "hut rather bitter." "I thought so," was the reply. HADN'T HE TWO TEMPLES? COARSE "But what is it ?" asked the friend. was Solomon's temple cov- LiDDY : "Why are you painting the inside "I don't know," said the old man. "That's JAKE: "What ered with?" of the chicken coop?" what I'm trying to find out; someone round "DADDY: "To prevent the chickens from PETE : "Hair."-N. Compton. here has been poisoning horses with it."- eating the grains in the wood."-F. O'Con- William Short. nell. TOO NATURAL WE receive daily from one to THE CLINCHING POINT two hundred contributions to FIRST STUDENT : this department. Of these only LECTURER î, `L "I can't see why We desire to (in restaurant) : fell asleep one or two are available. you publish only scientific humor and all And so I have when the profes- be original if pos- convinced you of sor made the talk contributions should of the sible. Do not copy jokes from old the truth so realistic." of evolu- books or other publications as they theory SECOND S T U - tion? you have little or no chance here. By Can DENT : "That's tell me what you just it, he talked scientific humor we mean only such consider the de- o n "Chloroform jokes as contain something of a scien- ciding factor in and Ether as An- tific natre. Note our prize winners. my argument? liti 11 H 1Il Al4 Litinsky. esthetics!"-Irvin Write each joke on a separate sheet WAITER: "Hearing you eat the noodle and sign your name and address to it. soup, sir.-W. W. Hatfield. 273° MINUS C. Write only on one side of sheet. We During the Great War (1914-18) the per- cannot return unaccepted jokes. Please THE LEAD ACTS AS A GRID LEAK sonnel of the British Meteorological Services do not enclose return postage. JEssIE: "Why doe, he tune with the end was sometimes recruited from strange All jokes published here are paid of a pencil?" sources. for at the rate of one dollar each, be- MARY : "To secure remote control, you One well known officer, on receiving in- sides the first prise of three dollars dumbbell."-Harvey Thompson. structions from G. H. Q. concerning the cor- for the best joke submitted each rect reading of the meniscus was known to month. In the event that two people EASY TO CONTROLLER NOW hunted all around the Air Station "for to tie have send in the same joke so as for JOHN : "I hear you have a very wicked the bally instrument." the prize, then. the sum of three dollars daughter." On another occasion, with unconscious in cash will be paid to each one. PETE THE RADIO FAN: "Not any more, humor, he reported the state of the weather John. I managed to transformer and it is in his locality as "Humility 90%!"-H. W. now hard to detector faults."-Harvey Fortescuelong. THE THERMOCAT Thompson. I have just HALITOSIS? completed a most CRACKED' CACKLES SURGEON (ap- marvelous a n d Little W i l l i e plying the anaes- stupendous inven- came into t h e thetic to boy) : tion. In fact it house much excit- "Sonny, do you is the most im- ed and shouted mind the gas?" portant and revo- for Dad. LITTLE B O Y : lutionary inven- "Well, what is "It's all right ! tion that I have it?" said Dad. You kin keep invented this "Pa, if a right on talking." week. A thermo- chicken sits on -William A. stat is a device which controls the temper- cracked eggs will Heftier, Reporter ature of a room, etc. They are very costly the little chicks No. 11783. and apt to get out of order. My new in- be crazy "-Harold Hoyt. vention, THE THERMOCAT, is very REACTION IN A LOOK cheap, low initial cost, hardly any upkeep DON'T PULL THIS GAG Why did Lot's wife turn to a pillar of The device consists and easily replaced. GEORGE (Exalted Leader) : "Say, fellers, salt? of a stove, a piece of string (zany color), you'd all better look out for snares and pit- She gave the city of Sodom an acid look. and a cat. The cat's tail is very necessary, falls ! This mornin' I says to Pop, 'Say, It was base of her to do this and because of so a 4)ob-tailed one will not work. The cat Pop, can you spare two -bits? I want to that she neutralized. Albert Hall. must be trained to sleep on top of the stove, get one of them Scientific Magyzines.' Pop the string connects his (or her), tail to the reached up to the top shelf, pulled down a A CORKER draft control. When the cat feels that the old dusty book, and says: Here's some- Pat went to the druggist to get an empty stove is too warm a place to stay. he (or thing you might like to look over.' I took bottle. Selecting one that answered his pur- she), jumps off the stove, thereby closing it eagerly and read what the front says: pose he asked, "How much?" the draft. As the room gets cooler the cat `Grammar as a Science-By Sisk.'"-Anne "Well, said the clerk, "if you want the feels the need of a warmer climate. So he S. Oughton. empty bottle it'll be five cents, but if you (or she), jumps up onto the stove, thus open- want something put in it we won't charge ing the draft. The action continues until QUARTZ IT'S NOT anything for the bottle." the cat wears out. Warning to the public fair enough," observed Pat, and others: Patent not applied for.-W. O. TEACHER: "Johnny, what is quartz glass?" "Sure, that's S. Kolb. "put in a cork."-Mrs. G. J. De Litterst. Milligan. JOHNNY: "Milk Bottles."-D.

www.americanradiohistory.com 352 Science and Invent:o:z for August, 1926 LATEST PATE

GYROSCOPIC TOY WATERING SYSTEM WINDSHIELD CLEANER SUBMARINE VESSEL

SWITCH SÓLENOID , - PIVOT No. 1,585,182, issued to Edwin V. No. 1,581,580 issued to Frank Laski. 'WIPING --- This invention relates primarily to a Blankenship. This invention relates MEMBER to irrigation systems and to a sys- toy submarine which is filled with tem for conserving the water of compressed air. It will be noted that No. 1,584,821, issued to Henry G. to the bottom end of periscope a mountain streams for irrigation pur- windshield No. 1,584,979, issued to William C. poses, or at least, so the inventor Sparks. In the electrical chamber is attached. This chamber Clausen. In this invention we find a wiper illustrated here, two solenoids is like a pill box open at the back. claims. We do not know whether we to operate the wiper gyroscopic top constructed in the should smile at the invention or are employed Compressed air from the submarine frame upon which is mounted a doll. and a switch is so arranged that passing from a valve into the pill box whether the inventor intended to be is in one The figure is caused to rotate upon follows that when the wiping member very slowly, increases the buoyancy absolutely serious. It it flips the switch one of its lower limbs and the other the inventor intends to employ water extreme position, of the submarine and causes it to limb being articulated will swing from mountain reservoir energizing the companion solenoid. rise to the surface. When arriving at coming a The cores of the solenoids serve as freely outward, giving the appearance and that he intends to lead this the surface the weight of the peris- of pirouetting. At the bottom of the pistons in a sort of dash pot arrange- cope tips the pill box raising the water through a pipe fitted with a allows regulation of leg upon which the doll pivots a ball water being broken up ment which for back end and permits the air to es- splay. The speed. bearing is affixed to reduce friction. into fine particles will be frozen by cape; the submarine then again sinks the cold climate and it will remain beneath the surface. The inventor as snow or ice until spring to be then RUBBER TOOTHBRUSH has claimed that an actual model op- LOUD SPEAKER erated for five fifty lead down for irrigation purposes. hours with but should be is pounds of initial pressure with a sub- Why ice or snow stored mergence every five minutes. a reservoir in preference to water it- self is something we cannot under- stand. The inventor may be trying to ar- rive at some particular result which is not disclosed in his patent, but in CHEMICAL GARDEN his claims we fail to find anything of value. It is obvious that a pile of snow forming at one end of a res- ervoir will occupy much more space than the water from which that snow was formed. No. 1,578,074 issued to Germain ASH TRAY Chandler. In this rubber toothbrush we find a highly sanitary article hav- No. 1,581,107 issued to Robert W. ing no crevices or pockets, yet one Erickson. In this loud speaker the which can be cleaned easily and in inventor attempts to utilize the which the bristles can immediately sound-producing mechanisms of the be replaced. Note the unique design. ordinary types of talking machines or phonographs now in general use PORTFOLIO No. 1,584,779 issued to George C. and he thus secures the advantages Krug. We do not wish to be called of a loud speaker without the neces- authorities on patent situations but sity of installing extra equipment, it certainly surprises us to find that except the unit itself. It will be the time -worn stunt of producing noted that the needle of the phono- ASH TRAY ARM OF chemical gardens which has been il- graph reproducer is mounted upon an CHAIR OR' lustrated in this magazine time and armature or reed located between TABLE again, and which is found in every two electro magnets. ;i% chemical book, intended for the am- ateur, has been granted a patent. TWO -FILAMENT LAMP Mill11111' Whether or not the claims would ever stand the test of court litigation No. 1,580,788 issued to James B. is something which we cannot decide. Lingard. This invention is a novel Without a doubt the inventor's first device adapted to serve as an ash claim is strong, but he must have tray and a cigar support. It will be known that he was not the first one seen that by depressing the cigar to produce a chemical garden. Of support the arm beneath the tray is course, he uses a few sea shells and forced downward and in this man- sea beans in his chemical garden, ner the tray can be attached to or No. 1,577,697 issued to James D. but this combination is not new in- No. 1,581,690 issued to Arthur L. removed from the top of the table Douglas. In this portfolio which may asmuch as it has been advocated be- Powell. The filament in this lamp is or the arm of a chair, to which, be converted into a stand, the upper fore and sand and small pebbles are double and so arranged that only when it is attached, it is firmly held. element acts as a support for the generally always employed. one filament is in the circuit. Should The rod holding the cigar receptacle upturned leaves and the downturned Well, as the old saying goes, you can this filament break or fuse the lead- is square and is contiguous with leaves rest on the lower cover mem- get a patent on anything, even on in wire automatically closes the cir- the clamping member, which being ber. Both may be observed at the perpetual motion, if you don't call it cuit to the other filament. square, will not shift laterally. same time. that.

NOTICE TO READERS. The above illustrated and described devices the Patent Office at Washington, D. C., give only the addresses of the have recently been issued patent protection but are not as yet to our inventors at the time of application for a patent. Many months have market. We regret to advise that it is im- knowledge available on the records are necessarily inaccurate. possible to supply the names and addresses of inventors of the above de- elapsed since that time, and those vices to any of our readers. The only records available, and they are at Therefore, kindly do not request such information. -EDITOR.

www.americanradiohistory.com 353 Science and Invention for August, 1926 re, TH E OR Agc: LE

sole benefit of all scientific students. Questions 3. Sketches, diagrams, etc., must be on separate sheets. Questions The "Oracle" is for the to cannot be answered by mail free of charge. be here for the benefit of all but only matter of sufficient in- addressed this department will answered will be 4. If a quick answer is desired by mail, a nominal charge of 50 cents is terest will be published. Rules under which questions answered: be submitted to be answered. made for each question. If the questions entail considerable research work 1. Only three questions can charged. Correspondents will side of sheet to be written on; matter must be typewritten or intricate calculations, a special rate will be 2. Only one be informed as to the fee before such questions are answered. or else written in ink; no penciled matter considered.

INSTRUMENTS SHOCKING MACHINE hard steel plates be prepared so that scratch marks SURVEYING WITHOUT Penna., may be easily made upon them? (2093) Q. 1. Paul Strong, Cleveland, Ohio, de- (2088) Q. 1. John Dowalo, Donora, A. 1. Reference marks, may be made ou a camp an electrical etc., sires to know how a plot of ground such as asks for a simple method of making even the very hardest steel plates by first swabbing containing a lake, trees and several small buildings shocking machine. the surface with a concentrated solution of copper may be surveyed without the use of instruments A. I. About the simplest method of making an metallic cop- elec- sulphate. This plates the surface with other than a compass, a measuring tape and a electrical shocking machine is to connect the per which is soft and readily takes scratch marks triangle. trodes to the contacts of an ordinary electric bell or and center -punch marks. buzzer as shown in the diagram. The electrodes may be small metal cylinders or metal-handlea knives. By grasping the electrodes when the hell is BATTERY CHARGING RECTIFIER ringing, a distinct shock can be felt which will not (2092) Q. 1. William Siegferth, Akron, Ohio, be too severe. If it is desired to increase the effect desires to know how a transformer with a variable of the shock, the hands should be wetted before step-down ratio can be used for charging low volt- grasping the electrodes. age batteries with a lead -aluminum rectifier in series. A. 1. The transformer ydu mention is not very suitable for charging batteries, since the lead -alum- inum rectifier operates only at a fairly high voltage. Probably the simplest thing for you to do would P be to make up an ordinary four jar aluminum and lead electrolytic rectifier, hooking it up according to Fig. 1. One quart jars should be used and should be filled with a saturated but not super -saturated solution of borax in water. The number of lamps in the lamp bank will depend upon the rate at which you wish to charge your battery and for general 'STRETCHED purposes about five 100 -watt lamps will be CORD OR . ' amply sufficient. This will allow your battery to charge at slightly less than five amperes. TAPE.' The tantalum rectifier can be operated against a (BASE LINE)' counter emf of from 2 to 14 volts, and may there- fore be used in conjunction with a step-down trans- former, as shown in Fig. 2. The electrolyte is a solu- tion of sulphuric aid of specific gravity 1.100, with the addition of a slight amount of ferrous sulphate. Q. 2.-What kind of a resistance should be used in conjunction with a six -volt auto horn motor in may be operated from a thirty-two An ordinary house buzzer to which a pair of order that it in the volt line? to a camp or other electrodes are connected, as indicated A variable resistance 'having a range of It is not difficult survey A.2. use of diagram above, makes an excellent shocking approximately from 2 to 10 ohms and a current similar plot of ground without the sur- machine. carrying capacity of about 8 amperes. veying instruments, if the procedure given herewith is followed. ALKALINE VS. LEAD BATTERY RECTIFIER (2089) Q. 1. J. M. Vertrees, Sonora, Ky., de- JARS, A. 1. This may be easily accomplished by laying sires to have a comparison between the Edison out a base line through the center of the area to alkaline storage battery and the lead plate battery. be surveyed and measuring off at right angles to this A. 1. The voltage of the Edison alkaline storage base line the distances of the various objects such as battery is less than that of the standard lead cell, LAMP trees, buildings, etc. This base line or reference fine being approximately 1.5 volts when fully charged. may be set up by tightly stretching a length of The average discharge voltage is about 1.2. BANK twine or tape .from one boundary bf the grounds The space per kilowatt-hour capacity of the stand- to the other. Distances from the base line to the ard lead storage battery is slightly less than that trees and buildings may be measured at right of the Edison. The Edison cell requires four or five angles with the aid of a right triangle or by the times as much water to replace that lost by evapo- LEAD.. "3, 4 and 5 rule" used by builders. In addition to ration. measuring the distances from the hase line, a mea- The normal watt-hour efficiency of the lead stor- surement is also taken in each case from one end age battery is from 75 to 80%. and that of the of the base line to that point on the base line from Edison cell is from 60 to 75%. At high discharge ALUMINUM which the right angle measurement is taken. As each rate, the lead cell is much superior to the Edison reading is made, it is noted down in a book to- cell. In ability to take recharge at a high initial gether with a little sketch. From the results ob- rate, the lead cell is superior. The initial cost of tained in this manner, a fairly reliable map can be the Edison cell is greater. In serviceability at tent. --`SWITCH plotted. peratures below 40° Fahrenheit, the lead cell is su. perior to the Edison cell. ---FUSES In spite of several apparent advantages of tb, + -ó lead cell over the alkaline cell, the latter is orenr- SOLIDIFYING OF WATER theless much more rugged and will stand up much 110V. A.C. BATTERY left (2094) Q. 1. A. H. Tacquard, Jr., San An- better under abuse. The Edison cell may he chemical rectifier battery standing idle for extended periods of time without The connections for a tonio, Texas, writes that he recently heard the state- charging are shown above. Fig. 1 ment that water would reach a temperature lower being harmed ; may be overcharged without being seriously damaged and has a longer life than the than the freezing point without freezing, provided lead plate battery. A short-circuit does not have the water was kept absolutely motionless. Ile men- the same had effect upon the Edison cell as upon tions ari experience which was described to him as cell. follows: There was a bottle full of water on a the lead plate window sill and the observer was surprised to see that the water was in a liquid state when he knew STAIN -REMOVING SOAP that it should be frozen solid. The bottle was (2090) Q. 1. Stephen H. Ward, Springfield, picked up out of curiosity and immediately the water Mass., asks what preparation will quickly remove froze solid and broke the bottle. Mr. Tacquard is vegetable stains from the hands without injury. of the opinion that the water was already frozen A. 1. The following composition will make a and the bottle cracked, but not broken and that soap which will remove vegetable stains from the upon being disturbed, the bottle fell to pieces. hands. A. 1. It is frequent for water to remain in a Cocoanut oil 300 liquid state at a temperature lower than the freezing Tallow 200 point, provided that it is kept perfectly still. As Caustic soda lye 150 partstd soon as it is slightly agitated, or if a bit of ice is Fresh ox -gall 100 STEP DOWN dropped into it the water will at once crystaliz Oil of turpentine 6 into ice, expanding nearly ten percent in volum : TRANSFORMER can Ammonia (sp. gr. 0.91) " with irresistible force. The same phenomenon Benzine 21A be experienced with a saturated solution of sodium Saponify by heat, cool, add the ox -gall, and the thiosulphate. If a crystal of "hypo," as it is known, volatile liquids, and mold. FIG.2 is dropped into such a solution, the solution will at once crystallize, becoming very cold. This can be PREPARING STEEL SURFACES A tantalum rectifier operates satisfactorily at accounted for only by the assumption that the may be used with a composing the solution are in a state (2091) Q. 1. Richard B. Jones, New York, low voltage, and therefore molecules City, wants to know: How .may the surfaces of step-down transformer. of uncquilibrium.

www.americanradiohistory.com 354 Science and Invention for August, 1926 SHINE REMOVER the arrows L and Ll in 1 and 3. Ailerons are plete revolution about the sun. It is more conveni- (2095) Q. 1. William Wagner, Drums, Penna., used in connection with the vertical rudder for ent to add one complete day to the year after four asks: What substance can be used to remove shine turning and manoeuvering the airplane. years than to add one -quarter of a day every year. from blue serge suits and yet not harm the ma- This artificially makes the leap years one day longer terial? STREAM -LINING than the ordinary years. We are therefore living A. 1. If blue serge material is steamed when it (2098) in 1926 rather than in 1927 as you suggest. is being pressed, it will not become shiny. Further. Q. I. Raymond Williams, Kansas City, more, Mo., asks: What is the effect of stream -lining a when pressing by hand, a small quantity of body that is vinegar added to the water in which the pressing to travel rapidly through the air? HARDNESS A. 1. The reason for stream -line shapes on high OF METALS cloth is moistened will assist in preventing shine. speed awtomobles As to the removal of shine after it has become and airplanes will become obvi- (2103) Q. 1. James B. Riesse, Jersey City, ous upon a short consideration of the conditions N. J., asks: How is the degree evident, we would advise that this is a rather dif- under which of hardness of ficult thing to do. No liquid of which we have any such body has to travel. By metals determined? record reference to the drawing in this column it will A. 1. There are several methods any will perform this work. You must real- be seen for testing the ize that the reason for shine on blue serge material that a body traveling through the air hardness of metals in use at the present time. The such as B causes the air to stream around it in the two most reliable ways of doing is because of the fact that the nap has been worn off direction this are by means the cloth._ Sometimes this nap can be partially re- of the arrows. As the body continues of the Shore scleroscope and the Brinell hardness stored by brushing. It is also said that rubbing the to rush, the air stream closes up in back of it and if machine. The latter operates in the following shiny parts lightly with sandpaper will remove the there is a flat rear section, the air directly in the manner: shine by restoring the nap. In any event, we do rear of the bony will be very turbulent, reduced A steel ball, 10 m.m. (0.3937 in.) in diam., is not believe that there is a liquid in existence that in pressure, giving a suction effect, and will tend forced with a pressure of 3000 kg. (6614 lbs) into will perform this work. to retard its travel. By forning the body as shown a flat surface on the sample to be tested, so as to in the drawing, there is very little turbulence at make a slight spherical indentation, the diameter of I and, therefore, there is little retardation effect. which may be measured by a microscope or the AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT BREAKER The principal resistance to the travel is due to depth by a micrometer. The hardness is defined as friction with the air on the sides the quotient of (2096) 1. Montague, of the body the pressure by the area of the in- Q. Homer Dormont, Pa., which of course can be a considerable dentation. desires to have explained the principle of the auto- reduced to From the measurement the "hardness degree by proper smooth finishing of the surfaces. number" is calculated by one of the following matic circuit breaker? formulas: A. 1. The principal demand for circuit breakers is to have them open the circuit when the current H=K (r + V rI-R'=) = 2TrrR2, or H=K=21rrd reaches a certain predetermined value and circuit K=load, = 3000 kg., r = radius of ball, = S breakers are designed with this end in view. They mm., R = radius and d = depth of indentation. are also built for underload conditions, to open o., The following table gives the hardness number minimum current; for overvoltage, to open when corresponding to different values of R and d. the voltage exceeds a certain value; for undervolt- age, to open when the voltage falls below a certain R minimum value; for reversal when the current flows HR HR H in the opposite direction through the breaker fron, 1.00 945 2.40 156 3.80 54.6 that which was intended. It is of course possible 1.20 654 2.60 131 4.00 47.8 to combine the various features of overload, under - 1.40 477 2.80 111 4.20 41.7 load, reversal, etc., in one and the same breaker. 1.60 363 3.00 95.5 4.40 36.4 Breakers are usually made adjustable so that they 1.80 285 3.20 82.5 4.60 31.4 can be set to operate at any predetermined current. The effect of stream -lining a body is 2.00 229 3.40 71.6 4.80 26.5 to reduce .3.20 187 In the ordinary type of carbon circuit breaker, an the air resistance when the body is in motion. 3.60 62.4 4.95 22.2 excess of current through the sdlegoid causes, a The path of the air currents against a stream- d H d H d H plunger to be drawn into the solenoid, tripping the lined airplane or automobile is here indicated. breaker and opening the circuit. The circuit is 1.00 95.5 2.20 43.4 3.60 26.5 opened in two stages. The copper electrodes on the 1.10 86.8 2.40 39.8 3.80 25.1 circuit breaker are separated first and then the TANTALUM RECTIFIER 1.20 79.6 2.60 36.7 4.00 23.9 carbon electrodes. The object of this procedure is (2099) Q. I. John. B. Anderson, Chicago, Ill., 1.40 68.2 2.80 34.1 4.50 21.2 to confine the inevitable instant of arcing when the asks: What is the lowest voltage that will he 1.60 59.7 3.00 31.8 5.00 19.1 circuit is opened to the carbon electrodes in order rectified by an electrical instrument using a tanta- 1.80 53.0 3.20 29.8 5.50 17.4 to prevent the copper electrodes from being burnt lum electrode? 2.00 48.0 3.40 28.1 6.00 15.9 away. A. 1. A rectifier of titis nature will operate particularly well on voltages of from 2 to 14 volts, The hardness of steel, as determined by the Brin. maximum efficiency being at about 14 volts. ell method, has a direct relation to the tensile AILERONS Q. 2. What solution is used with a tantalum strength, and is equal to the product of a coeffi- rectifier? cient, (2097) Q. 1. Victor J. Oppenheim, Tampa, C, into the hardness number. Experiments A. 2. A sulphuric acid solution of about the made in Sweden with annealed steel showed that Fla., asks: Of what purpose are the ailerons or same density as used in storage batteries is usually small movable sections of the wings of an air- when the impression was made transversely to the used for this purpose. In a certain manufactured rolling direction, with H below 175, C=0.362; with plane? type of tantalum rectifier, a small amount of H above 175, A. 1. These sections are used for the purpose C=0.344. When the impression was ferrous sulphate is added. This latter mentioned made in the rolling direction, with H below 175, of enabling the lot to turn sharp corners by composition banking or to make it possible for him to quickly is fully covered by patents. C=0.354; with H above 175, C=0.324. The pro- place his airplane upon a level keel when thrown duct C X H, or the tensile strength, is expressed out of that position by sudden gusts of air. The VISCOSITY in kilograms per square millimeter. The scleroscope is the name of an instrument in- operation of these ailerons will be made obvious (2100) Q. 1. Harold Vickers, Greenwich, by reference to the accompanying drawings. At vented by A. F. Shore for determining the hardness Conn., asks: What is viscosity? of metals. It consists essentially of a 1 is shown an airplane tilted off level keel. The vertical glass A. 1. This term may be considered as a kind tube in which slides freely a small cylinder of very pilot manipulates the aileron controls to the posi- of internal friction between adjacent layers of a hard tion shown by A and Al and causes the ship to steel, pointed on the lower end, and called the heavy liquid. The energy spent in overcoming hammer. This hammer is allowed to fall about 10 regain the position shown at 2. In case the tilt is viscosity appears as heat. In a fluid such as tar inches in the opposite direction as at 3, the ailerons are on the sample to be .ested, and the dizurme or syrup, both of which are called viscous and it rebounds is taken as a measure of the hardness also set in the opposite direction so as to counter- may be cited as examples, one layer slides over the act the inclination. In the case of using ailerons of the metal. A scale on the tube is divided into adjacent layer with a velocity depending on the 140 equal parts, and the hardness is expressed as for banking when turning the ship,. the action is stress to which the liquid is submitted and also on When an aileron is tilted so that its angle the number on the scale to which the hammer re- obvious. the viscosity of the substance. 'l'he slower the bounds. Measured in th way the hardness of dif- is above that of the horizontal plane of the wings, motion of the layers of the material for a given ferent substances is as ,flows: Glass, 130; por- it tends to force that side of the plane downward. stress, the greater is said to be the viscosity of it. its celain, 120; hardest steel, 110; tool steel, 1%C., When it is tilted at an angle so that angle may be as low as 31; mild steel, 0.5%C, 26 to 30; is downward from the wing, it tends to force DRILLING CHINAWARE gray castings, 39; wrought iron, 18; Babbitt metal, that side upward. These forces are indicated by 4 brass, (2101) Q. 1. Paul L. Webb, Huntington, W. to 10; soft 12; zinc, 8; copper, 6; lead, 2. Va., desires to know a safe method of drilling holes in delicate chinaware. A. 1. Any method that we could recommend for drilling holes in genuine China would be accom- CORRESPONDENT panied by great danger. It is practically impossible Science and method that is not liable to break REPORTER'S to use a perfect Invention IDENTIFICATION the material being used. In general, we would ad- L:l vise a triangular file, the end of which has been F- ground off at an angle and which is clamped to a low speed drill press and used as a drill. Use tur- THE BEARER OF THIS CAR pentine for a lubricant. Proceed slowly and apply IS AN AUTHORIZED CORRESPONDENT REPORTER Or very light pressure. o SCIENCE and INVENTION MAGAZINE Another method which has recently come to our THE PUBLISHERS OF SCIENCE AND INVENTION WILL attention but which we cannot guarantee, although APPRECIATE ANY COURTESY EXTENDED THEIR we have seen it work on some fragile materials, is W RE PRESENTATIVE to sharpen an ordinary center punch until the point ce EXITRIMENTER P LIS1ÿy1Ç CO. is very sharp. This point is placed directly on the piece of material that is to be punched and the other m .n end of the center punch is hit a sharp blow. The writer has personally seen this method work per- fectly upon a thin sea shell, which material is ex- IN ORDER to present to the public the tremely hard to drill with any of the ordinary very latest scientific details, SCIENCE AND we refer you to INVENTION maintains a large staff of field methods. For further information reporters. Any one of our readers is eligible the August, 1924 issue of this magazine. to join this staff and, upon request, a re- porter's card will be forwarded, together LEAP YEAR QUERY with complete instructions for gathering (2102) Q. 1. George Benson, Astoria, L. I., material. The reporter's card is illustrated says: From the year 1 up till the present time, there above, and its use will gain admittance has been a leap year every four years, making a to many places that would otherwise be =_ gain of 1 day for each 4 years. The total time closed to the ordinary person. You need not t gained is 475 days or 1 year and 110 days over. have any special ability to obtain one of s Would this not be 1927 instead of 1926? Are the these cards other than a desire to help = years longer? What has become of the days gained others to gain knowledge. since the year 1 up till the year 1926? Address Field Editor, SCIENCE AND IN- A. 1. You evidently do not take into account VENTION. the fact that a year is actually 3651/ days long Submitted manuscripts cannot be returned By manipulating the levers controlling the ail- rather than 365 days. 3651/ days represent unless accompanied by postage. is as desired. erons, the airplane directed the time necessary for the earth to make one com- x,11 110n11111 11111.,1MIIMU 11111 ,w111I.M n

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 355

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You can coat the push at the a lone is buttons ios switch plates of your electric lights, xes. beam', and innumerable Lain make yourown prover to care a burglar, whilst, when Luminous Crucifixes, Luminous Rosaries. ate. oft a genuine loaded, it will probably prove just as Bmerecoottle containing sufficient.rt coat small 346 a Price 25ín Larger time and peeling bill 50e and SI of roll, as a revolver with real bul- tae. postpaid. Johnson Smith & DeptCom 346 áacine. Wis. or two from the outside the teffectiveets, without the danger to lice. It the effect created will be found to takes the standard .22 Calibre Blank be all that can be desired. Prices, Cartridges, that are obtainable most The "Little Giant" Typewriter postpaid:40 BII1s 20e, 120 for 50c, eryw e . Even he t timid w e it with perfect safety and frighten a thief with- A First Class Writing or 53.50 thousand postpaid. out toherself or anyone else. A Great Protection Against Burglars, Tramps and Dogs. You can have it lying about with- Machine For $1.50 X num- Perfect little typewriter for Wonderful -Ray Tube the danger attached to other revolvers. We sell large $I.50. A wonderfullittle be/rs around the 4th of July. Well made of solid Metal. Thee.T21. are thousands of pee,one who PRICE ONLY $1.00 Postpaid. Blank Cartridges 22 -cat,. shipped by ex- would like to ypewritselbut instrument pro- press only. 50c smith & Co., Dept, bleacin). Wis. heodo and boatnee, do net war. ducing optical per 100. Johnson 34$ éh`oeet expenses to Illu stone both Lae and o,, of fifty ne ,eeeehed ntyfives lot. Powder Mystic Skeleton dollar machine. To gush person. we surprising a n d Sneezing Ajointed figure - Gnfidentli recommend our Little startling. With It .ip. _ Placea very 14 '" p fl. iant. of skeleton Ioie etropsly ade,buteimple VP ,an nee what is apparently the boner f .3 amallamount in, in height, will leseion, w that anyone cam finger., the lead , lead pencil. the in- ;.(F . f then pow- learn Your dance to music Quickly to operate it, and writ* terim opening in a pipe stem, and many other der ,ÿ,n the perform vari- ae rapidly as theywould with huions. A yecery that has t e:_, , "s of your ousgyrations and ink. The letter. the alphabet beoilern hie to eotisf ,orally explain. Pries 10e, ' i1c peek moot frequently used movements while are m nu to enable o to write rapidly, the numeral, doyen 750. Smith&Ca ,,,%.,...a blow it into to 10, and the groupedd 3 forlae, I p: ,i'/ the operator may I marks being together. 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www.americanradiohistory.com 356 Science and Invention for August, 1926

.:>?:r,.:.. r_..-- ::..:;::'.e:ÿÍ Tarrano the Conqueror By RAY CUMMINGS (Continued from page 323)

snowy plain was the wall of ice with the drumming. A hiss, and then a drumming city behind it. All in the far distance, this growing louder. It was not a new sound, city wherein our enemy was entrenched; and for now I remembered I liad been conscious there were no lights, no movement that we of it for several moments past. Our en- could see. In that drab twilight, it seemed campment was awake to it! A confusion almost unreal. down there; people running about; a figure The plain too, was empty. A few pal- dashing wildly into the instrument room. pably deserted huts, nothing else. Beneath And the aerials on the power house began us, snugly anchored there on the ledge, was to snap viciously. our power house. No unreality here. Its "Jac! What is it?" aerials were mounted; its external dynamos "I don't know. See there, Elza? Tile were visibly revolving; from its windows sub -ray lights !" blue shafts of light slanted out; and from it The search -beams from our towers were rose the low hum of active power. inordinately active. Sweeping the empty Below it, spread over the slightly sloping snow -plain and the empty sky. Empty? To many area of foothill beneath us, lay our en - my fevered imagination they were peopled campment. A ring of our tower vehicles, with enemies. And then one of the towers EARN with, their projectors mounted and ready, their colored search -beams slowly sweeping $50. to $ZiO.a the white plain and the dead grey sky. Within their ring, the camp itself. Lighted Week R#DIO by the blue -white tubes set upon quadrupods in at intervals; heated by strings of red -glow- new BIG -Pay Indus- Get into the great a en used on y ng p ing wire and the red wire -balls k, clip coupon now lesss Rthano $5Ó f a wees Venus. The snow and ice on the ground Send for AMAZING FREE BOOK. Be a Radio bEx- within the camp had melted, exposing the pert, and draw down big money for the easiest and naked rock. most fascinating work in the A scene of blue and red lights and shift- wo I Radio Experts Needevery for Radio Experts in. ing shadows; bustling with activity-figures, community. ShortFree about. The hours. BIG PAY. Free tiny from this height, hurrying book gives all the facts. "Dl y charges sounds from it rose to us; the low hum and for consultation Learn Quickly And $2.50 per hour. snap of the weapons being tested; the shouted All success due Easily At Home ; and sometimes, mingled with it, to you." R. W. commands Master Radio Engineers Itl a e kh ill, of a light-hearted girl. will show you how to the laughing shout qualify, quickly and easily Brooklyn. Elza clung close to me. "Everything will at home. for Radio's fine jobs. We guarantee to train be ready soon." you successfully. Every day going to mount a ray N. R. I. -trained men are I nodded. "They're taking good places in the up here on the cliff. Grolier was telling me, Radio field. Thousands of openings now awaiting the for permanent protection-to stay here with trained man. FREE EM- house when we go out to the PLOYMENT SERVICE. the power Many other big features. "Radio a gold attack." Get the facts-CLIP COU- mine - your PON. course worth Silent with her thoughts she did not thous,,,ds." A her solemn Get This R. Berke, answer me. Sidewise, I regarded Winnipeg. little face encased in its hood of fur. And FreeBook! and Send coupon below for then clumsily, for our furs were heavy FREE ROOK "Rich I put my arm about her. Rewards in -Radio." awkward, Read for yourself. No "I love you, Elza. It's worth a great deal previous experience needed. Common to be here alone with you." schooling enough. "Jac, what will he do?" Her gaze was to .., . WRITE NOW. the far-off City of Ice. "It seems so-so him. This "Suicides!" Whether Elza said it, or merely sinister, Jac, this silence from thought it I d'o not know. One of the figures inactivity. It is not like him to he inactive." came down as though falling. A few seconds "He's there," I said. "Rolltar the Mars- only; but though our search -beams showed :t, man-boastful fellow, blow-hard-he was the smaller rays for those seconds missed it. some of us that in his opinion Tar - Down-until no more than five hundred feet You \ telling above ug, it checked its fall. A giant of a man; rano had already run away." and with his hand Fiet all is Isis last cylinder-in range now-he "Never !" she exclaimed. "This shot a bolt at our power house. It struck. these sets stand. He'll make it here-defeat us here-" flashed on a sub-ray-the (lull infra -red for Receiving sets, from simplest kind to thou- envisaging the slow rays below sand mile receiver, included to help you "Elza !" the power of learn. An UNEQUALLED OFFER. Other She glanced momentarily at me, smiled a human sight. And another tower with its special features for limited time only, so queer smile, and then gazed once more over faint purple beam was using the ultra-violet. ACT QUICK! mean I think NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE the distant plain. "I do not "That drumming, Elza! That's a micro- Dent. HX-5. Washington, D. C. he'll defeat us, Jac. I mean, that is his phone-the big one they just erected near the reasoning-make his last stand here-" instrument room. There's something com- "He hasn't run away," I repeated. "I told ing! That's the magnified sound of some Rolltar so. We got an outlaw connection (listant rush of air. Very faint sound, but into the Ice Palace today. For a moment they must have heard it on the ear -phones only, and then it was discovered and broken long ago. That microphone must have just National Radio Institute, image for a moment- been connected-" Dept. 11. X-5, Washington, D. C. off. But we had the Without obligating me in any way, please it chanced to show Tarrano himself. But Something coming? We could see noth- send me your free book, "Rich Rewards in Bretan said his isolation ing. Radio," also complete information on your he's isolated now. practical, home -study Radio course. power-around the Ice Palace anti the wall "Let's go down, Jac! We must get anyway-is greater than any image-ray we back-" infra -red I fumbled Name Age can send against it." "I've got glasses-" My heart leaped suddenly, for I saw Elza's beneath my furs. But I did not have them. spring to her face; heard "Jac-" Address eyes widen, fear the sharp intake of'her breath, and felt her "Wait, Elza." hand grip my arm. My glasses would have been useless, for TnWU State "Jac! There's something wrong! See the sub and ultra beams from the towers there? And you hear it?" were disclosing nothing. I could tell that From the instrument room I heard a vague (Continued on page 360)

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G7100 7x10x3-16 $0.65 funded if 1s not all we Save 50 per cent by as- 07120 7x10x3-16" 0.79 silver finish. State which it 1 short circuits impossible. claim. 001" thick. 4" wide. foot silk wire, green or sembling yourself. Sim- G7140 7x14x3-10" 0.89 eanted. 05025 Copper Foil, per red. Iakelite molded. ple instructions furnished. G7180 7x18x3-16" 1.15 G3100 Variocoupler - G3066 Mirrovern, any pre foot $0.10 G7887 Clip leads, ea $0.12 G 1159 Push -Bull Trans - G7210 7x21x3-16" 1.31 finish $1.76 puid $1.05 10 -foot length 0.80 Dozen lot ...... 1.35 G6521 Adapter ....50.36 former.ratio61R to 1 $2.95 G7240 7x24x3-16" 1.46 5 -TUBE TUNED RADIO 1 7 95 BIGGEST VALUE IN AMERICA RASCO FREQUENCY RECEIVER If you wish the finest 5 -tube set to be had, you have it in this model. No better set made in popular -priced receivers. Low cost compared with results obtained. This is not a small set thrown together with questionable parts that no one knows and made only to sell. All our parts are listed by name and are standard merchandise -nothing else. This is a BIG SET, measuring 7 x 26 inches, and there is no one in the country today who can compete with us in this particu- lar outfit. Noto particularly that the condensers which we use are brass plate condensers of the new straightlfne frequency type, not obsolete straight wave -length type, which are so hard to tune on the lower waves. NEW ADJUSTABLE COILSr (Patents Pending) In this set we use adjustable coils, which can be moved up and down, assay from the condenser, until the right balance.. is found. This makes for an unheard of and really incredible degree of sen- sitivity which has not been realized heretofore in sets of this kind. Note also that the panel comes to you all drilled, with all holes drilled in position, and that any child can put together this won- derful receiver in less than an hour. This set is highly efficient for bringing in the greatly -desired long range reception. 3,000 miles has been covered repeatedly. This has been accomplished by using two stages of tuned radio G92t6A frequency with detector and two stages of audio frequency. Build Your Own Receiver The tuning is done by three large dials; the first dial controls the an- - tenna tuning, the center dial the first radio transformer, and the last It's Easy The "No -Sod -er Way dial tho second radio transformer. Revolutionary Improvement in Assembling Radio Sets No solder -No bare wires-No poor connections -No dissatisfaction. Make Big Money by assembling and selling them complete to friends No tools needed except a common screw -driver and common pliers. and business houses who need a First Class Radio. Many of our cus- All connections are made by the use of our flexible, insulated eyeletted connecting tomers soll these completed sets from $30.00 upwards. wire in place of bus bar or wire, and solder. 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www.americanradiohistory.com 358 Science and Invention for August, 1926 U. FAT NTS atent ,- 1

FOR5ENU Advice ==ï ==TH15 FORMJ= Edited By Don't Lose Your Rights Joseph H. Kraus Before disclosing your invention to any- one trend for blank form "Evidence of Conception" to be signed and witnessed. A sample form together with printed in- structions will show you just how to work In this Department we publish such matter as is of interest to inventors and particularly up your evidence and establish your rights who are in to those before doubt as to certain patent phases. Regular inquiries addressed to "Patent Advice" cannot filing application for patent. As be answered by mail free of charge. Such inquiries are published here for registered patent attorneys we represent If the benefit of all readers. the idea is thought to be of importance, we make it a rule not to divulge all details, in order to hundreds of inventors all over the U. S. protect the inventor as far as it is possible to do so. and Canada in the advancement of inven- Should advice be desired by mail a nominal charge of $1.00 is made for each question. Sketches tions. Our schedule of fees will be found and descriptions must be clear and explicit. Only one side of sheet should be written on. reasonable. The form "Evidence of Con- NOTE:-Before mailing your letter to this department, see to it that your name and address are ception" sample, instructions relating to upon the letter and envelope as well. Many letters are returned to us because either the name obtaining of patent and schedule of fees the inquirer or his address is incorrectly given. of sent upon request. Ask for them,-a post card will do. EXPLODING DYNAMITE ENVELOPE (949) Q. 1. Ronald F. Thompson, Greene, (951) Q. 1. C. W. B. Bullock, Halifax, N. S. Iowa, says that he has developed a system for ex- Canada, has designed a type of folding envelope ploding dynamite and other like substances by which is to enclose a letter and which Registered Patent at a does not Attorneys In U.S. and Canada radio distance of from 1000 to 2000 feet. He need sealing in order to hold its shape when being 255 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C. asks if it would be advisable to patent this idea. carried through the mails. He asks us what A. 1. We cannot advise you on your proposed think we "Originators of form Evidence of Contention" of a design of this nature. device for exploding dynamite from a distance A. 1. Folding envelopes such unless we have details upon the same. Of course, as the one you have designed and described in your letter of re- electrical detonating devices have been proposed cent date are not at all new. and used before and are in extensive and prac- Very similar envel- opes have been in use for some time in the past tical use today. and we have seen several We hope that prospective clients of this depart- of them that are far simpler to fold and use than the one that you ment will take heed from the above answer. It is have outlined. We obviously impossible for us to comment do not believe that it would fully and be a profitable venture for you to attempt in detail upon any system or device unless com- patent and manufacture to A plete information is these envelopes and, on the same submitted to us therefore, we would certainly advise against at the time the queries are asked relative to it. a procedure. such Q. 2. Would a crystal detector type of radio receiving set incorporated in a candle holder be TO THE MAN WITH patentable? ERASER A. 2. You might possibly be able to obtain a (952) Q. 1. Morris Bernstein, New York City, AN IDEA design patent on a candle holder crystal set, al- proposes the placement of a small reservoir for though we are quite sure that you could not ob- holding liquid ink eradicator in the end of a I offer a comprehensive, experienc- fountain pen. He asks ed, efficient service for tain a patent on the set or circuit itself. our opinion. his prompt, le- A. I. We do not believe that your proposed gal protection and the development of idea for attaching an his proposition. ink eraser to fountain pens AIRPLANE CONTROL constitutes patentable material. This is a very Send sketch, or model and descrip- old idea and we are sure that you tion, for advice as to cost, search (950) Q. 1. Paul Michaux, Greensboro, N. C., opposition would rind much has conceived the idea that it might be possible to in attempting to patent such a device. through prior United States patents, Various fountain pens have been placed etc. Preliminary advice gladly place the gasoline throttle control of an airplane on the fur- directly on the end of the joy stick instead of at market having containers for liquid ink erasers nished without charge. and for solid abrasives. In view of this My experience and the side of the pilot as is usual. He asks if in our would fact, we familiarity with opinion this system would be feasible and patent- not advise you to proceed further. various arts frequently enable me to able. accurately advise clients as to prob- A. 1. We do not believe that it would be prac- CHAIR able patentability before they go to tical to place (953) Q. 1. any expense. the gasoline throttle control of an T. G. Boggs, White Salmon, airplane on the elevator and rudder control stick. Wash., wants to know how he can protect a novel Booklet of valuable information and form design for for properly disclosing your Idea, tree on In the first place, there is no necessity for combin- a chair that is particularly adaptable request. Write today. ing these two controls as the operator has nothing to children's nurseries. more to do with his hands than to manipulate the A. 1. There are two RICHARD B. OWEN, Patent Lawyer things that you could do gas, spark and "joy stick." It would seem to us to protect your particular design and they are 164 Owen Building, Washington, D. C. to be unnecessary complication to attempt to com- as follows, The design 41V Park Row. New York City of the chair itself can be bine these two controls and we would certainly covered by what is known as a design patent and advise against it. Furthermore, perfect control you could also invent a name or medallion to de- could not be had at all times. The motor speed scribe the chair which could be registered as a ' ='11. ... must be critically controlled when indulging in trademark. G{6. aerial acrobatics and this control could not be had TegB with the throttle in the place you mention. For LICENSE HOLDER instance, suppose that the aviator was manoeuver- (954) Q. 1. J. J. Bormida, Jersey City, N. J., ing for a sharply banked turn and suddenly lost has evolved a design for a combination flying speed. In order to open the throttle quickly license plate holder and light. This necessitates equipping an and regain his speed, it becomes necessary to twist automobile with a special the "joy stick." When this is done, bracket and issuing PATENTS the end of license plates with the letters cut out of the metal. would be pushed too BOOKLET FREE HIGHEST REFERENCES it is very likely that the stick A ground glass is then placed in back of BEST RESULTS far ahead, throwing the nose of the plane down the plate PROMPTNESS ASSURED and an electric light bulb is situated in back of Send draisine or model for examination and possibly resulting in a nose dive. We would the ground glass. The light and report as to patentability to proceed further with shines out through certainly not advise you the cut-out portions of the plate and the result WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer attempting to patent this combination for the is supposed to overcome mentioned above. many of the objections 644 G Street, N. W., Washington. D. C. reasons that are found with present types of license plates and lights. A. 1. Careful consideration of your proposed license plate and bracket fails to disclose anything new or novel in the construction of the same. PROTECT The system in its entirety has been proposed hereto- fore and many attempts have been made to obtain YOUR IDEAS favorable legislation that would necessitate the use of such devices on each and every automobile in INVENTORS operation. These attempts, however, have failed Send for our Guide Book, HOW TO GET A PATENT , and Evidence of In- up to the present time and in view of the failures vention Blank, sent Free on request. Tells our terms , methods, etc. Send we would not advise you to proceed further with model or sketch and description of the idea. morii your invention for INSPECTION and MOTORCYCLE HELMET INSTRUCTIONS FREE. TERMS (955) Q. 1. R. Best, Abu-Sueir, 'Egypt, has REASONABLE. BEST REFER- conceived a motorcycle helmet which is so con- N ame structed that parts of it can be removed so as ' ENCES. to leave a cap and so that the user can wear the Street cap under ordinary conditions, but can convert it into a motorcycle helmet when such a necessity RANDOLPH & CO. arises. He asks our opinion. City A. 1. We do not see any very great advantage in Dept. 172, WASHINGTON, D. C. this device that is not contained in other motorcycle helmets on the market today.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 359

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CLARENCE AAlRIEN YIIMrEpEp wrc,r,.w,rt PROTECT YOUR IDEAS WAawrcrow,n.C. Take the First Step Today-Action Counts If you have a useful, practical, novel idea for any new article or for an improvement on an old one, you should communicate with a competent Registered Patent Attorney AT ONCE. Every year thousands of applications for patents are filed in the U. S. Patent Office. Frequently two or more applications are made for the same or substantially the same idea (even though the inventors may INVENTION live in different sections of the country and be entirely unknown to one another). In such a BLANK case, the burden of proof rests upon the last application filed. Delays of even a few days in fil- 3 ing the application sometimes mean the loss of a patent. So lose no time. Get in touch with me TO WHOM IT at once by mailing the coupon below. MAY CONCERN No Charge for Information Strict Secrecy Pre- on How to Proceed served-Write Me in The booklet shown here contains valuable information relat- ing to patent proceedure that every inventor should have. Confidence And with it I will also send you my "Record of Invention" All communications, sketches, drawings, etc., form, on which you can sketch your idea and establish its are held in strictest confidence in strong, steel, date before a witness. Such evidence may later prove valu- fireproof files, which are accessible only to able to you. Simply mail the coupon and I will send you the authorized members of my staff. Feel booklet, and the "Record of Invention" form, together with free to write me fully and frankly. Your case will detailed information on how to proceed and the costs in- have my volved. Do this NOW. No need to lose a minute's time. The personal attention. It is probable coupon will bring you complete information entirely with- that I can help you. Highest references. But out charge or obligation. FIRST-clip the coupon and get my free book. Do THAT right now. Prompt-Careful Efficient Service This large, experienced organization devotes its entire time ,and attention to patent and trademark cases. Our offices are directly across the street from the U. S. Patent Office. We understand the technicalities of patent law. We know the CLARENCE A. O'BRIEN rules and requirements of the Patent Office. We can proceed Registered Patent Attorney, in the quickest, safest and best ways in preparing an applica- tion for a patent covering your idea. Our success has been 53-K Security Savings & Commercial Bank Bldg., built on the strength of careful, efficient, satisfactory service Washington, to inventors and trademark owners located in every state in D. C. fhe Union. Please send me your free book, "How to Obtain a Patent," and your "Record of Invention" form without any cost Clarence A. O'Brien or obligation on my part. Registered Patent Attorney Member of Bar of: Supreme Court of the United Name States; Court of Appeals, District of Columbia; Supreme Court, District of Columbia; J Address United States Court of Claims Practice confined exclusively to Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights (Important: Print or Write name clearly)

www.americanradiohistory.com 360 Science and Invention for August, 1926

Tarrano the Conqueror I (Continued from page 356) PATENTS TRADE MARKS DESIGNS by the hasty searching sweeps they macle. FOREIGN PATENTS And then from the big Wilton tower, the earw newly connected Zed -ray flashed on. I could hear the load of it in the deepened, throaty MUNN & Co. hum from the power house. Its dirty brown PATENT ATTORNEYS beam sprayed out over the plain; then swung Associated tines 1846 with el. Scientific American to the sky, caught something, hung motion- 1518 Scientific American Bldg., New York City 525 Scientific American Bldg.,Washington, D.C. less,, narrowed into great intensity. The 1314 Tower Building, hicago, I11. powerful Zed -ray, capturing the visibility of 667 Hobart Building, San Francisco, Cat dense solids only.* 522 Van Nuys Building, Los Angeles, CaL There was something up in the sky! Booksandlnformation on PatentsaadTradeMarks "Dont tell me there by Request. The Zed -ray met resistance; we could see you never had a chance! the sparks, and hear the snap of them coming "Four years ago you and I worked at the like a roar from the microphone above the same bench. I realized that to get ahead I drumming. Met the resistance and con- Book on Law Free needed special training, and decided to let quered it ; the snapping roar died away, but Write today for this new book. It tells you how the International Correspondence the drumming came on. a law training will shorten your road to aue- Schools cesa. It also carries a vital and inspiring mes- help me. I wanted you to do the same, "Jac! I see something! Something there sage ambitious man. Find out about ottoever that but you said, `Aw, forget it!' You had the -don't you see it?" - Find outhowyou leaL law ritrhLtintyourown A luminous blur become visible in the home. Nooblleatlona.Thebooklsabeolutely FREE. same chance I had, but you turned it down. Write Today-2,2 1M1==oóó óáiá No, Jim, you can't expect more money until nearer sky-moving blobs of silver luminos- American Correspondence School of Law 3601 Michigan Ave. Dept. you've trained yourself to handle bigger ity in the mud -brown light of the Zed -ray. 142C Chicago, Ill, work." A hundred or more moving silver blobs. who derive larg- They were taking form. The silvery phos- est prgfits' know phorescent look faded, became grey -white. INVENTORS and heed certain There are lots of "Jims" in the world- simple but . vital and legs! facts before in stores, factories, offices, everywhere. Are Took definite shape. Waving arms applying for Patents. Our book Patent - Human skeletons! Sense gives those facts; sent free. Write you one of them? Wake up! Every time Bones bereft of flesh. Limbs waving rhythmically. Bony arms, you see an I. C. S. coupon your chance is LACEY & LACEY with fingers clutching metal weapons. As - staring you in the face. 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TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES Amplifiers, by Sylvan Electrical Engineering Architect More About A.F. Electric Lighting Architects' Blueprints Harris. JNVEJION$ Mechanical Engineer Contractor and Builder New Developments in Radio Apparatus, by 1 Mechanical Draftsman Architectural Draftsman G. C. B. Rowe. ommerciali zed ]Machine Shop Practice Concrete Builder Chemical Condensers, by Clyde J. Fitch. Railroad Positions Structural Engineer ON A CASH OR ROYALTY BASIS Gas Engine Operating Chemistry Pharmacy PATENTED or UNPATENTED Civil Engineer Automobile Work Surveying and Mapping Airplane Engines In Bestcrew 251fers.Compctefeci/illes-htifereaces. Metallurgy D Mining Agriculture and Poultry sailants coming at us through the air, strip- Steam Engineering Q Indio Mathematics -rt*ADAM.FISHER MFG.. C 0, ped by the Zed-ray of clothing, skin, flesh, 205D Enright Ave. St. Louis, Mo. Name organs, to the naked bone. Skeletons with street skulls of empty eye -sockets and set jaw- BLUE BOOK ON PATENTS Address bones to make the travesty of human faces and Priority Record blank gratis. grim with menace! MONROE E. MILLER, PATENT LAWYER, City Stato 411-6 Ouray Building, WASHINGTON. D. C. ELECTRICAL ANI) MECHANICAL EXPERT Occupation CHAPTER XXXV If you reside in Canada, send this coupon to the Interna- tional Correspondence Schools Canadien Limited, Montreal The Attack on the Power House PATENTS TRADE -MARKS Edward C. Sasnett, Attorney at Law and awe, Elza and Ex -Principal Examiner U. S. Patent Office: Stricken with surprise Electrical Expert Personal Service I sat there motionless. Our encampment was 544 McGILL BLDG. WASHINGTON, D. C. in a turmoil of confusion-chaos, out of which very soon order came. The skeleton were TELESCOPES figures in the air-I saw now that there Amateur astronomers, here is an oppor- two hundred than one hundred-were nearer a telescope. perhaps two thousand feet away, and at tunity to own good Any handy man can an altitude of about the cliff -ledge where PRICES $12.00 AND UP Install his own plumbing and Send 10 cents for further information heating by our new, easy Elza and I were sitting. method. FREE Installing forward, bathed in the Zed- E. W. BLANDIN plans show you how. You They swept 1207 Columbia Terrace Peoria, Ill. save waste and high labor raÿ with all our other search -beams dark- cost with our cut -to -fit system. Fifty years it full sway. Momentarily I of economy service to home owners, farmers, ened to give builders and mechanics. Million dollar saw them clearer ; metallic cylinders in bony plants behind our guarantee. FREE BOOK of flight en- shows everything in plumbing and heating fingers, and a metal mechanism Write today for copy. /e' , % futures and supplies. annyet1111,11112 casing, yet not touching the ribs. _ HARDIN-LAVIN COMPANY A Road, Chicago, III. "Jac! Why don't our rays-" 100-14 West Pershing Me FREE 1100K. I ran make Benin Today -Write for m ea As though to answer Elza's unfinished \\\ uB mo iToo 30 Days FREE Triai Wrtosd roer mn Fo E OO K Ndouw Bo Rangera direct from our factory express question, one of our towers turned a disin- Good Penman. It contains specimens and telle bow Many models. Easy there mastered penmanship b, the T.te t,. System. prepaid. Save $10to$16. ray upon them. A narrow pencil - oor name will be elegantly written on a card If you psymente-only $6 a month. Write today tegrating cesto., .tamp ta pay pontage. Write lods, for book. for bicycle catalog and marvelous offers. City. U.S.A, to our present-day X-ray. F.W.TAMBLYN2oRIdgeBidg.Kansaa MEAD Cycle Co., Dept. B-107 CHICAGO *Similar doubtless r

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 361 point of light, barely visible in this flat day- light. It swung up into our Zed -ray, search- a ed and clung to one of the skeleton figures. Had it penetrated, the man would have been TRAD-ARKS dissipated like a puff of vapor. But it did not; and then I knew that for that distance PATENTS COPYRIGHTS at least, this enemy's isolation power-in- dividual barrage-was too great. Yet the assailed figure wavered! Our am- THE PROTECTION plifier gave out his shout-half fear, half OUR OFFER : OFFORYOUR INVENTION admonition. The line of skeletons swung up- ward. Came on, but mounted so that I saw disclosing that they were making for the summit of YOUR FIRST STEP before the cliff above us-above our power house. an invention. The inventor should write Their defense-invisibility, and a mere for our blank f orm- isolation barrage so that we could not harm them with our tower rays while they kept beyond range. But what was their means "Record of Invention" of attack. Why would Tarrano .. . "The power house," Elza answered; and I This should be signed and witnessed and realized then that she had read my thoughts. returned to us together with model or The power house, if they could demolish sketch and description of the invention it. f o r INSPECTION a n d INSTRUC- Our thoughts, questions and answers un- TIONS. spoken, flew fast ; but the drama before us unfolded faster. With the knowledge that we could see them, these invaders cast aside NO CHARGE FOR THE ABOVE INFORMAT;ON a portion of their equipment to give them greater freedom. We could see the metal Our Four Books Mailed Free to Inventors Station Our Illustrated Guide Book HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT WRNY regarding U. S. Patents. Contains full instructions NEW YORK Our Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Move- 258.5 Meters -1160 kilocycles ments illustrated and described. is owned and operated by the publishers of this maga3íne OUR TRADE MARK BOOK Our Editors will talc to you Shows value and necessity of Trade Mark Protec- tion. Information regarding Trade Marks and un- several times every week -- See your Newspaper fair competition in trade. for details OUR FOREIGN BOOK IN ON TUNE We have Direct Agencies in Foreign Countries, and WRNY secure Foreign Patents in shortest time and at low- est cost. Progress of Invention Description of World's Most Pressing Problems by Leading Scientists and Inventors. portions of the trappings falling like plum- mets. The skeleton images faded; and then as our tower withdrew the Zed -ray and our search -beams picked them up, we saw our IMPORTANT enemies as they really were. Men clothed Do proof that the in a casing of cylindrical garments with the not submit your invention to anyone before you furnish invention is has been filed. IN ORDER TO flying mechanisms strapped to their chests ; patentable or application some with visors and head -pieces, nearly all HAVE YOUR CASE MADE SPECIAL TO AVOID DELAY YOU with small weapons in their hands. SHOULD TAKE THE PRECAUTION OF HAVING YOUR CASE Keeping well away, they continued to MADE IN to secure protection, save corre- mount. They were striving for the pinnacle SPECIAL OUR OFFICE of cliff -tops above us; but as our rays spondence and secure early filing date in Patent Office. To secure special darted at them they halted, wavered; and preparation of your case send $25.00 on account with model, sketch and now when nearly above the camp, they began description of your invention. mounting straight up. "Jac! Look there!" All communications and Data Strictly Confidential. Interference and Infringe- One of our tower vehicles was preparing ment Suits Prosecuted. Our Organization offers PERSONAL SERVICE to rise. Its ray, following the search -beams by Experienced Patent Solicitors and Draftsmen. upward, was aimed at the invaders, but they were beyond its effective range. Their We Regard a Satisfied Client as our best advertisement, and furnish anyone, weapons of attack? I knew now. upon request, lists of clients in any state for whom we have secured patents. "Suicides !" Whether Elza said it, or merely thought it I do not know. One of the figures came Highest References-Prompt Attention-Reasonable Terms down as though falling. A few seconds only ; but though our search -beam showed it, WRITE TODAY the smaller rays for those seconds missed it. VICTOR J. EVANS CO., Down-until no more than five hundred feet FREE & Patent Attorneys New above us it checked its fall. A giant a York Offices Philadelphia Offices Pittsburgh Offices of 1007 Woolworth Bldg. 714-715 Liberty Bldg, 514 Empire Bldg. man; and with his hand cylinder-in range COUPON Chicago Offices, 1114 Tacoma Bldg. San Francisco Offices, Hobart Bldg. now-he shot a bolt at our power house. It Main Offices, 779 Ninth Street, Washington, D. C. struck; I could see the flash, saw an aerial shatter before the charge went harmlessly Gentlemen: Please send me FREE OF CHARGE your books as described above. into the body of the building. Then one of Name our rays caught the man; his figure crum- Address

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 pled; the shower of sparks as his barrage was broken, exploded like a tiny bursting bomb; and as the sparks died, there was nothing where the man had been. A suicide; but one of our aerials was shat- par tered. And then others came down -not DISCOVER many, for it was grim business and the riet courage of them must have failed at the NEW WORLDS last. Falling bodies; tiny bolts striking the I' ONQUER DISTANCE! Lend wings to power house; the your eyes! -magnify your eyesight - sparks -then empty air discover new thrills - new Joys - new where living men had been. Cabinet worlds -new beauties of Heaven and Earth. Own a Genuine IMPORTED Our tower left the ground. Some of our Shop Special "Celestia" Telescope! men, with flying platforms BELTS OF JUPITER! small strapped to No. 10 RINGS OF SATURN! them, were crowding its top. Its beams CRATERS OF MOON! SEE SURFACE OF MARS! preceded it -but I saw the beams breaking Explore Them With This Big, intermittently as the bolts struck the power Powerful 3'/2 Foot house. The invaders wavered with indeci- 35 -POWER sion. Some of them came clown to voluntary AS ILLUSTRATED "CELESTIA" FREE death; others strove for the cliff -top; some WITH MOTOR TELESCOPE .á' Trial for took flight. Our tower swept into then ; THE MOST POPULAR MACHINE PARKS 4 sections, heavy brass stock. EVER BUILT! A winner from the start. A real 10 pays one of them, injured but not annihilated, fell machine, yet convenient size for the small shop. beautifully polished. tarn- Does everything in woodworking. Has and rust rich with a crash into the encampment. circular rip ish- -proof' are and cut-off saw, 6 -inch jointer, 16 -inch Morrocco leather body. handsaw. TELESCOPESbecoming increas- Above Elza and me was a maze of flash- Lathe and shaper attached if desired at small cost. Powerful " Celestia " ingly popular because Operates from any light socket. Just plug in and lenses of brilliant Illum- they are adapted ing beams ; futile bolts ; the puffs of myriad go to work! ination, great light -gath- so many uses: -rifle or sparks. A bolt seemed to strike quite near ering power; magnificent target practice ;hunters; Write for interesting circular 35 58 - -power! Milli- ranchmen; forest rangers ; where we were sitting; I drew Elza back The Parks Ball Bearing Machine meter objective lenses. mariners; big game hunt- and we crouched in the hollow of a rock. Co Length closed 121/2 ers; locating forest fir 1553 Knowlton St., Cincinnati, Ohio inch e s; extended study of stars; general out- A body came hurtling down, crashed to the Canadian Fac: 200 Notre Dame East, Montreal, Can. 423i inches (3l4 door uses. ft.). Disappear- Preferred by cliff -ledge almost at our feet with the sick- ing slide on eye- ening thump of mangled flesh and broken piece makes' it Eminent Scientists Dust - proof. WE supply "Celestia" Teles- bones -hung an instant to give me a momen- copes to Explorers, Big Game moisture - Hunters, tary glimpse of a face contorted in death proof. Re- Globe Trotters, Univers- ities, Scientific and Research De- rolled fell II agony; then over and further .Ill!I movable partments, etc. Delivered in sturdy n l 11111II111111111, 11,11 II metal cap - case container. Regularly sells for $40. down the jagged cliff. !Ill Cos el' Our price (while limited im- WOODWORKING MACNINES'(l over portation lasts) 26.50 Then above us presently there was silence lenses. "Our Plan Is Different" and the drab empty sky. Our tower was WWE ASK for NO MONEY in advance. back beyond the cliff -top. Soon it appeared; NOTIfING on delivery. See, Try. Use, ENJOY "Celestia" Telescope for 10 DAYS' apparently unharmed, it came dropping down FREE TRIAL. 1f you're pleased, you may pay to its former place on the ground. on BUDGET PLAN. The first attack was over. And off in the $6.00 MONTHLY distance a few solitary figures were winging or, if you wish to payeash at end of 10 DAYS, Battery Prices deduct $1.75 and send Check or their way back to the City of Ice. Order for $24.75 in FULL SETTLE- I/ JJ MENT. Otherwise return them. Order CHAPTER XXXVI SMASHED! NOW! Send NO Money! Pay Nothing on Delivery. 1t. To Consumers Only Investing the City Here is areal battery quality, 1 2Generations of Honorable Dealings' guaranteed to you at prices that will astound the entire bat- We were not greatly harmed by this sur- tery -buying public. Order Di- SEAVER-WILLIAMS CO. rect From Factory. Put the Importers, Exporters, National Mail Order House prise attack; the power house was superfi- Dealer's Profit in yonrown pock- 365 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS, cially damaged, but soon repaired. That et. You actually save much more Sole Distributors of "Celestia" Telescopes than half, and so that you can be Gentlemen: -Send me the 35 -fewer "Celestia" Teles- night -I call it that though the constant convinced of true quality and perform- cope for 10 Days' FREE Trial on the above ance, we give a Written 1 -Year Guaran- plan. weak daylight made the term incongruous- tee. Here is your protection! No need to I NAME in the City of Ice. take a chance. Our battery is right-and activity showed the price is lowest ever made. Convince IADDRESS It came with a vertical spray of light ris- yourself. Read the prices! Tear out and mail this coupon NOW! If you Auto Batteries Radio Batteris Iwish to tell us something about yourself, it will ing from the ice wall which encircled the OVolt,ll Plate, $8.50 8Volt,100 Amp. $8.50 be appreciated -simply write on separate slip of city. Spreading light beams rising from 6Vott,13 Plata, 10,28 evolt,120 Ana/. $10.25 12Volt, 7Plate. 11.7 60olt 140A p. 511.75 Leper. THANK YOU! s 1..9-23 points a hundred feet apart along Buy Direct-tend No Money deposit. G/\v/\vI\V/\v/\v/\r/\V/\vf\Y/e/w/\v/\® the wall. The beams spread fan -shape, so dress d a w'atnted.Petters' will be chiad-d Express C.Ó.D. that within fifty feet above their source they subjectto your eexamiinationdar on arrival. our guarantee met and merged into a thin sheet of efful- each battery. 9r 6,000 to 12,000 MILES We ieeeu t gence rising into the sky. Tarrano's bar- for cash in full with or- Goodyear, Goodrich. Fireetoeee, Fiel, der. cannot Beet Matron, etc. Thoueande of tieSe,1 You order today $100000 u tomes. A. J. Weber alena, Ill. rage. Send got 1000 miles eervlce. Buy from an then that beyond suicidal sorties NO Travel Accident old established concern. Beet used It seemed ARROW BATTERY CO. tiresre-manufactured by our own had just repulsed, Tarrano Dept, 9 1215 so. secret pr of the kind we Wabash Ave..Chinago Insurance ./GUARANTEE! was planning to stand purely on the defen- 6.tTrEq!Y Every ti guaranteed to give efe,sogre Will replaceany tiro sive. It was our own plan to surround the jllls- failing to do so at one-half n base price. Send only $1.ÓÓ city with our towers ; even those on the fur- 1ireb, ocitfor each tire ordered, No red f0 pavpoetmanbalanceonde- ther side would he within range of our power tape to this .:. livnllov'er cent discount offer. You get F . Mowed for all cash in house ; and with the city thus beleaguered, . it advance. Orders enea Í::;:; a auto ::;`s'ii?::;:'?:; $1000 promptly. Nrdernee - we would attack the wall from every side Free policy emery to order e - tec'G Yon can tuber t at once. Free with every nee or rode at order of 2 tires and \)ti. '. 3 hove had ',` prices We tested now this barrage Tarrano 2 brand new tubes. without poi- i Send thrown up. Sprays of its insulated area c y. NEW NET LOW PRICES ,ficiary'a canse down to protect the wall in front; and Size Tires Tubes Size Tares ubes, al 1 spaces between 3 Ox3 $3.25 $1.50 33x41/2$6.25$3.00 hó protected also the triangular 30x3 1h 3.65 1.75 34x41/2 8.50 3.25'1II ..12;: the sources of the main beams. Tentatively 33x31/2 3.95 1.95 36x41/2 7.00 3.35 approached within range; It's a Buescher Saxophone 31x4 4.50 2.00 36x43'a 7.25 3.40 one of our towers f We give 3 free lessons with each new instrument 82x4 4.95 2.25 33x5 7.50 3.50 but our rays only heat into the barrage with It's great fun 2.50 7.75 3.75 They start you. Teach yourself. 33x4 5A5 36x5 the hiss of molten metal plunged into water, practicing because you learn so quickly. Even 34x4 5.75 2.65 37x5 8.25 4.00 have failed with some other instru- 2.96 2.75 and with a burst of interference sparks. though you 32x41/2 6.00 20x4.405.46 \ ment, you can learn the Buescher Saxophone. Buy Now! You take no chance. Even at a horizontal thousand feet we could And it will make you the most popular person Our Guarantee Protects You! rFAIRAAc in your set. 6 days' free trial in your own home, do nothing. Then we tried altitude. Our terms if EAGLE TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY`v<' any instrument. No obligations. Easy Dept. e1jP; projectors, mounted individually on small you decide to buy, Send now for beautiful free proposition. 3445 S. Michigan Ave.192rt' Chicago, Ill. ..nl automatically controlled to fly literature. A postal brings liberal platforms we strove Address: without human pilot, went up and Buescher Band Instrument Co. Il' to get them over the, barrage. 1538 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indian. Ship Model Plans went over safely. and instructions. Easy to build At five thousand feet one You can be quickly cured, if you and sell models. Magellan's Ship, But the electronic bomb it dropped into the 77c -Hudson's "Half Moon," 92c city was an easy mark for Tarrano's watch- -Clipper, 82e -Santa Maria, ful defense rays. He exploded it harmlessly .STAMMER $1.02 -Pirate Ship, 52e -all for high above him. Send 10 cents for 288 -page honk on Stommerine and $3.90. when it was still Stuttering. "Its Cause and Cure." It tells how f invested myself SEA ARTS GUILD After the next time of sleep we cured after stammering 20 yrs. B. N. Bogus set in a ring 8131 Bogue Bldg., 1147 N. Ill. St., Indianapolis 405X ELEVENTH AVE. MILWAUKEE, WIS. the city. Our towers were

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 (33

about it, two thousand feet from the wall. They were mobile units, ready to sail for- Know ward or back or upward at any moment. Georg stayed in command of the instrument room. It was never placed, but sailed con- tinuously in slow circular flight around the Electricity city above our line. The power house re- mained in its place, with our largest projec- tor mounted on the cliff for defense beside it. As Experts They were solemn moments as we broke our encampment. The girls, far more agile in the air than men, were lightly dressed, Know It with the supporting mechanism strapped to them. The heating units enveloped them in an invisible cloak of warm air. To their left and Get An arms a strapped cylinder gave off a fan - shape area of insulation-an almost invisible shield of protective barrage some five feet Expert's Pay long. It showed as a faint glow of light; and in flight their left arms could swing it ON'T be satisfied to like a shield to protect their bodies. They worry along in little had telephonic ear -pieces available; a tiny jobs with little pay. M'osa,' mirror fastened to their chests to face them, x100 Master the finer points of upon which Georg or Geno-Rhaalton could electrical practice and bring project images; a mouthpiece for talking to the big pay job within your reach. Croft will show you how. Georg; and a belt of offensive weapons, Through his famous books he will teach you electricity as experts know it and put you in line for an expert's pay. d FREE Forty thousand men are using these books to step ahead- IMPORTANT WHY NOT YOU? TO NEWSSTAND READERS -If you act NOW Croft's Library of waste and un- order to eliminate all Bishop's ELECTRICAL DRAFT- PRACTICAL INsold copies it has become necessary to ING AND DESIGN-thegreatbook ELECTRICITY newsstand dealers only with the ac- you get free-tells you everything A Combined Home Study Course and Reference Library supply 8 Volumes -5000 pages. for which they have you want to know about the prepara- -2100 illustrations-flexible Keratol binding tual number of copies tion, reading and use of all kinds of Was $27.00-Now $19.50 orders. This makes it advisable to place electrical drawings and diagrams. Starting right in with the ABC's of modern electrical prac- an order with your newsdealer, asking him It tells you how to handle electrical tice. Croft takes sou through his books in easy steps. He shows you how to reserve a copy for you every month. plans and blue -prints. It gives you the secrets of success in electricity in plain to put your own ideas into correct draw- words, figures and illustrations. Otherwise he will not be able to supply ing form. It explains everything you Croft teaches you electrical practice complete-inside and your copy. For your convenience, we are want to know about reading the drawings outside work-central stations and the whole subject. appending herewith a blank which we ask and diagrams of others. He takes you in quick, easy steps from the simplest prin- ciples to the complete and economical operation of a you to be good enough to fill in and hand great central station. to your newsdealer. He will then be in a The Sure Way to Big Pay He tells you things you need to know about motors, generators, position to supply copies to you regularly armatures, commutators, transformers, circuits, currents, switch- No course, no set of books offers a quicker, boards, distribution systems-electrical machinery of every every month. If you are interested in type, installation, operation surer method of mas- and repair wiring for receiving your copy every month, do not tering electricity than light and power-how- to noth- the Croft Library. It du it mechanically perfect. fail to sign this blank. It costs you in acoordahce with the Na- ing to do so. is founded on practice tional Electrical Code - -on work as it is ac- wiring of finished build- tually done. It is ings - Underwriters' and from municipal requirements- jammed cover to how to do a complete job, cover with the kind of from estimating it, tocoiu- To Newsdealer Big Pay pletlon illumination id hard-headed, pay -rais- its every- phase-the latest ing facts you want. and most improved meth- Address Written so that the be- ods of lighting - lamps ginner can easily un- and lighting effects, etc. Please reserve for me copies of derstand it, yet so SCIENCE & INVENTION every month sound, so thorough until I notify you otherwise, and greatly that it is the daily for You Examine oblige, guide of thousands of highly paid electrical it for Name workers and engineers. 10 days Croft teaches you elec- FREE tricity as experts by September know it and puts you in line for an expert's We want you to test our statements-we want you useful within a range of five hundred feet pay. to compare the Croft bocks but no further. with others. Fill in and A few hours a week this summer spent mail the coupon attached Very alert and agile, twisting and turning and we will send You the entire set of Give with these eight great books will prepare eight volumes for ten days' Free Exam- in the air were these girls. We men were you to go out and get a bigger and better ination. We take all the risk-pay similarly equipped, but our movements in the job in September. It has been done. It's be- all charges. You assume no obli- Yourself ing done. You can do it. You owe it to your- gation-you pay nothing unless air were heavier, clumsier. Elza and I had self to try. you decide to keep the books. for days; and with Then $1.50 in 10 days and practiced with the others Some You owe yourself this backing-this small the balance at the rate of our harmless duelling rays I had found that but tremendously important investment. $2 a month. Send the hit her while fre- On you alone depends what you will get out of coupon NOW and see I could never hope to Backing life. On you alone depends your success, your the books for your- me mortal blows. self. McGraw- quently she had dealt advancement, your happiness. Invest in your- MAIL THIS Hill Book Elza, commanding a squad of twenty girls, self! Can you think of any investment that will COUPON Co., Inc. pay you as much? No investment will ever pay 370 Seventh was assigned to a portion of the line some Free. you more! NOW Avenue helans from me. My own place, with a Examination New York. hundred men under me, was near a tower Costs You Nothing to Try It Out Gentlemen: Send No Money Down me the LIBRARY- almost on the opposite side from the power oP PRACTICAL, SmallMonthly Try It for 10 Days; FREE (S h house. ELECTRICITY t p - Payments ing charges prepaid), for It was a solemn parting from Elza. I The proof of all we have said is in the books 10 days' free examination. her in my arms, tried to smile. themselves, and it costs you N -O -T -H -I -N -G If satisfactory, I will send wrapped to examine them. We send the books to you $1.50 In ten days and $2 per Elza." month until the special price of "Be very-careful, for 10 days' examination and let you be $19.50 has been paid. If not wanted She kissed me, clung to me; then cast the sole judge as to their value. I will write you for return shipping Only If you decide to take this sure road to promo- instructions. Upon receipt of my first me off and was gone. tion, you need send only $1.50 in ten days payment of $1.50, I am to receive a copy of With the city invested, we rested idly for and pay the balance at the rate of $2 a Bishop's ELECTRICAL DRAFTING AND 7c month. You do not have to send any DESIGN absolutely free. (Write plainly and another time of sleep. Occasionally we made money to see the books. On receipt lines.) of your first payment of $1.50 we fill in all a tentative tower attack which came to a Day will send you your free cony of Name Bishop's Electrical Drafting Address nothing. Tarrano waited; his barrage re- and Design. a City State mained the same. We tried to provoke Position move from him, but could not. Name of Company 5I. 8,1-2n The snow -plain where I was stationed here Start today-Mail this Coupon NOW !

www.americanradiohistory.com .)6+ Science and Invention for August, 1926 was similar to the other side, save that there were no mountains. From the power house You Can Insure to Tarrano's wall there was a dip, so that Love the wall stood upon higher ground. On Real my side, however, the reverse was true. The ln Marriage wall lay in a hollow in one place, with a Don't commit a crime against steady upward slope back from it to up- the girl you love by plunging into marriage if you are not lands behind us, as though in some better physically fit-if you are dissi- day a broad watercouse had flowed down pated and weak through fast living and excesses. Don't do here, now long since buried in solid ice and it. She will find you out only too TYPE quickly. Then comes the crash snow. -affection lost, happiness im- I mention this topography because it had WRITE possible! Letters, Why take such a chance? Why a vital bearing upon what so soon was to lessons. long enough to homework not wait just transpire. andatories. take up Rhaalton desired that Tarrano come out STRONGFORTISM and attack us ; but Tarrano would not. We and through it get yourself into thought perhaps that his offense was inade- fine physical and mental condi- tion and make your wife love quate and the one move that he made -s you and be proud of you. be- It eyonr your strengthened that belief. Frorh the city NOW! out a typewriter now. TT I will help you restore CLIP THIS a bargain Dos: on this Under- health and strength by natural side the palace, a rectangle of black metal 'oodl Totally rebuilt; new ttpe; new platen: new ßniaht ands helped ,(rye -year guarantee. Easiest terms aver -83 and it's yours. I methods, as I have up. In thousands of men-no done or some fifty feet square, rose slowly Typist Manual and complete catalog drugs or apparatus. it was a square, windowless room-a BOOK! plains whole plan. To fire[ fifty who opportunity. aspect IFREEewer, instructions free In touch typewrlting, Mail now to the lust give me the ISipman-Ward Mfg. Co. 0210 Shipman Bldg.. CHICAGO, Write today. DON'T DELAY. room without a ceiling, open at the top. It ST RON G FO RT Get MY FREE BOOK rose to a height of five hundred feet and LName Builder of Men hung level. And from it depended dangling SEND THIS COUPON FOR IT Addreee.--..-_.r...- -FREE CONSULTATION COUPON- power cables connecting it with the ground. a, ...- Mr. Lionel Strongfort It was the presence of these cables that lostitate, Dept. 193, Newark, N. J. made us feel Tarrano was offensively weak. Strengfort of your book, Please send me absolutely free my copy He could not aerially transport his power; "PROMOTION AND CONSERVATION OF HEALTH. AND ENERGY."L have hence, for he could only rely upon STRENGTH most in- offense marked before subjects in which I am individual which, unless terested. batteries perma- ..Colds ..Weak Eyes ..Vital Losses nently stationed within the city, we knew ..Catarrh ..Flat Chest :Lunn .. Asthma .. Despondency Circulation would have a short range at best. \Ve ..Headache ..Emaciation ..Round Shoulders watched this thing in the air for hours. It ..Rupture ..Rheumatism ..Youthful Errors ..Thinness ..Nervousness ..Manhood Restored did not move; it was soundless. What was ..Pimples ..Constipation ,.Skin Troubles ..Insomnia ..Night Losses ..Stomach Disorders its purpose? We could not guess. LEARN CARTOONING ..Impotency ..Short Breath ..Increased Height And then at last, Geno-Rhaalton ordered ..Overweight ..Weak Heart ..Muscular .. Weak Back ..Great Strength Development us all to the attack. At Home -Its Easy Just think-$50 to over $250 a week paid to good car- Name CHAPTER XXXVII toonists for work that's fun! And YOU can easily at home no matter if you've never Age Occupation learn cartooning - The Battle touched a drawing pencil. Write for interesting FREE Street Book describing oor eu:v simplified method. Also de- I found myself in the air; with my men tails of special Outfit Offer! Send postcard today to City State around me we hovered. Then Georg's com- Washington School of Cartooning, Rm. 268-D mand from the instrument room sounded in 1113 -15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. my ears. I gave the signal; and flying wedge-shaped, we hurled ourselves forward. Men wanted to manufacture Metal Toys It was like lying on the air, diving head and Novelties foremost. The rush of wind sang past me; NO SALESMANSHIP NECESSARY a Demand exceeds supply and we co-rperate with you in the ground a hundred feet below, was selling goods, also buy them from you. We put you to white surface flowing backward. touch with the buyers. Guaranteed casting forms with complete outfit furnished for speedy production of Toys. We were heading for the base of one of Novelties, Ash Trays, Bookends. and other big all -year was mount- sellers. Absolutely' no experience or machinery neces- Tarrano's barrage projectors. It sary. No special place needed. Small investment puts ed within the wall; but the wall itself was you on road to success. You do the manufacturing and we take care of the Felling. Act immediately if you protected merely by a fan -shaped subsidiary want to handle big 1925; wholesale orders now being over that small nlaced. Strictly a basing,: proposRhin. Catalog and beam-a- weaker barrage information mailed on request. area, which by concentrated effort we hoped METAL CAST PRODUCTS COMPANY .. New York to break. 1696 Boston Road From a helan away on both sides of me I 12 24 -Volt saw other wedges of our men coming slant- -Cell - ing in to assail the same point; overhead a Storage`B'Battery corps of girls was hovering. Our towers, Positively given free with each three of them concentrated here, had risen A purchase of WORLD "A" MtELM(E Storage Battery. You must to a moderate height ; their rays were play- send this ad with year order. foun- A new magazine for all interested WORLD Batteries are famous ing upon the threatened area; a steady for their guaranteed quality tain of sparks showed where they were in making and service. Backed by years of successful manufacture and striking the barrage. MODELS thousands of satisfied users. beams WORKING Equipped with Solid Rubber Case. A silent bombardment of flashing Send 10 cents for Sample Copy naurance against acid and leak- and sparks. At five hundred feet we added age. You save toper cent geta and MODELMAKER, 120 S. Liberty St., NewYork 2 -Year Guarantee our own smaller rays to the turmoil. If the Bond In Writing WORLD Bat. Approved barrage would break at this point . "tell their friends." Thst'e outlist'?p óóf Listed Send your order and The instrument room, watchful of every- "LIGHTING FIXTURES" of performance. in today. as Standard Solid Rubber Case Radio Batteries thing, sailed over me. On my mirror I saw READY TO HANG 6 -Volt, 100 -Amperes . . $11.25 by Leading 6 -Volt, r40 -Amperes. 13.25 Georg's intent face; his voice said: Direct from the manufacturer. 6 -VOA, 140-Amperes . 14.00 Authorties including glassware. Solid Rubber Case Auto Batteries including Mania "Careful, Jac! They may come out." Completely wired 11 $11.25 News Labora- Catalogue No. 27 6 -Volt, -Plate tories. Popular Send for new 6 -Volt, 18 -Plate ...... 13.25 Prophetic words! The segment of barrage (Just reduced prices) 12 -Volt. 7-Plate 16.00 Science Insti- tute of Staand- A ray darted out. MI Popular here suddenly vanished. Special Proposition to Dealers Send No Money ,re..d:á Rrde.adio Labora- we will chi dayorder le received, by Ex- Beside it, a cloud of flying figures came out SUPPLY CO. O. B.. to your examination tortee, Radio ERIE FIXTURE prese C. ject Broadcast Lab - Erie. Pa n arrival. FREE B" Inc:uded of the city like insects from a hive. Desk B Estee Offer: 5 per cent discount for cash Inca NeIe0 $oing, lO in full with order. Buy now and get a guar.Y and Lefax, toc. An inferno of almost hand to hand fight- anteed battery at 60 per cent saving to you, Cut to WORLD BATTERY COMPANY ing. It was everyone for himself ; and I 4 or 6" 1219 So. Wabash Ave., Dept. 19 CHICAGO, ILL. gave the order for my men to break forma- Barrel .95 Set your Rad D al at 6 -Shot Finest l meters for the new tion. Ordered them to get up close to the Long Range Revolver 1000 w. World Storage you could . . . to strike, with This gun "free' if Battery Station, WSBC, wall if they can beat our price any- O d Ch for alt- base of the rl the closest possible range at the where-4 or 6 in. barrel. STORAGE BATTERIES ueémeu Watch blue or nIckel-32, 38 -or 22 Qf(AAs EAFsWFjysW 54 I$..# F: enemy ray. caliber. Powerful,accurate,bard I flung myself forward. Tarrano's men hitting. Moneybackguarantee. Pay on delivery $5.95. Federal Stall Order, me. Twisting, darting X80. le¡" BECOME A LIGHTNING soon were around 414 Broadway, New York, Dept. figures . . tiny beams of death to be 61iß°I TRICK CARTOONIST" Insure your copy reaching you each month. Sub- fended off with my shield . & INVENTION-$2.50 a menu ót.00 for Beginners Instructions wItt scribe to SCIENCE Longo Producing Program of 23 Comic Trice A body fell past me in the air year. Experimenter Publishing Co., 53 Park Pl., tremors. Catalog of Chalk Talk Supplies Fee.. others, while I looked at them, in the blink N. Y. C. BALDA ART SERVICE. Dept. 4, Oshkosh. Wllconsie

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 365

of an eyelid, vanished into nothingness One of our towers sailing high, sud- denly went dark, turned over, wavered down, dismembered with leprous missing parts-and then in a puff was obliterated. I found myself nearly up to the wall, and higher than its top. The segment of bar- rage remained broken. I could see into the city-the Ice Palace, still seemingly deserted. And near it, the base of the powerful ground ray which was assailing our towers . . If I could get past the wall, unnoticed, get within range of that projector Most of the fighting was now behind me. We seemed to be holding our own . the squad of girls was coming down; I prayed that Elza might not be among them . . The instrument room had vanished beyond my sight ; but Georg's voice said: "We're sending reinforcements ! Gather your men-hold off for a moment!" From every part of our line other units

$5,000 to prove you can learn at home in spare time! We have invented a new, simplified way to teach Drafting-the first real improvement in Drafting home -instruction in history. for will make this We want you to see it, try it-without one penny of cost or obligation. We want to with you- show you how we get away from the copy- Perpetual Motion contract ing methods used in the past. See how we make you think, solve problems, do actual When SCIENCE AND INVENTION When you enroll for our home -training in Draft- drafting room jobs from the first lesson! Magazine was still in its infancy, the editors ing, we agree to give you: denied the possibility of constructing a per- 1. Complete Drafting training, by the new Prac- petual motion machine using those forces of tice -Method. Draftsmen WANTED! nature as we now know them. 2. Professional Drafting Outfit, as illustrated. 70,000 fine jobs advertised this year, many Since that time the editors have received 3. We will help you get a good Drafting position at $60 to $125 a week. Get ready to fill thousands of different designs for perpetual at a substantial increase in pay. one. Get out of the rut. Make something motion devices, and have received hundreds 4. Or we'll refund every cent of your money. of yourself. Plan your future in Drafting. of circular letters soliciting finances for the Even if you have only building of perpetual motion machines. common schooling, even if you know nothing of Drafting, know if they receive these a we The editors that guarantee to make letters, there are thousands of others in this you a real Draftsman country who get similar letters and who fall or to refund your money! Special surprise for the claims made in the numerous pros- offer right now to the first 500 men who pectuses giving the earning capacities of the The American School, a million dollar No - answer this ad-reduced price, easy terms. various machines. Profit Educational Institution now offers Coupon brings complete information. Most of the shares of stock for these per- men a double service-training for a spe- petual motion machines are being sold at a cific job, then finding the job. For one A new, rapid, rate of $1.00 per share, although some inven- small price, on terms of only $5 a month, simplified way tors are trying to sell shares of stock at you are now assured of definite benefits, This new "Job -Method" gives you actual $100.00 per share. both in position and salary. drafting -room jobs in a new one -step -at -a - Therefore the editors of this publication time way. With pictures which you can un- say, "Just come in and show us-merely Coupon brings complete derstand almost without reading the "les- SHOW us-a working model of a perpetual sons." motion machine and we will give you $5,000.- details of this And that is why American School- 00. But the machine must not be made to trained Draftsmen can qualify for a good operate by tides, winds, waterpower, natural sensational offer! job at big pay when they graduate. evaporation or humidity. It must be perpet- ual motion." HIGHWAYS TO SUCCESS! The big money in Drafting goes to men who specialize in Machine Design, or Electrical Drafting, or Architec- of men and towers were coming. We had tural Drafting, or Structural, or Automotive. It isn't broken through the barrage here. If we enough merely to know general Drafting practice. You must5 know how to and design could now, by a concerted rush, get our calculate and plan original work. force over the wall, into You need many Engineering subjects to fill the kind of a Drafting the city . . . position that pays $60 to Within the instrument room, Georg sat $125 a week. The Amer- watching. The inactivity of his own part, ican School now in- COUPON the comparative lack of personal danger, cludes this special- Brings 3 Lessons Free galled him. But he ized training in its was too occupied with Get his duties to give it Dra f tingcourse. them. Test your own ability more than passing to learn thought. We had broken the Drafting and get ready barrage at one for a fine job and big pay. Cou- point from every quarter lie was rushing Job Service pon also brings surprise offer, and reinforcements there to take advan- Professional complete information about your tage of . the break. Free to Students opportunities for success in Draft And then Tarrano's trickery became ap- Outfit Given THE AMERICAN Fine, imported in- ing. MAIL IT TODAY! parent. We had not broken his barrage; and Graduates: struments help SCHOOL now offers you 4111 he had deliberately withdrawn it, to en- learn Drafting easily III era imam« its students and graduates, without cost, the and quickly. These Chief Drafting Ene,inecr courage us, to bring our other units to the services of an efficient Employment standard quality, full Depart- size instruments, in- AMERICAN SCHOOL. spot . . . Our power house, neglected, ment which keeps in touch with the employ- cluding board, table, 1. Dept. DC -26 was momentarily comparatively defenseless. ers of Draftsmen all over the United States. triangles, T-square, Drexel Ave.& 58th St., Chicago We have placed hundreds of unen in good ink,protractor,etc. Rush 3 Free Drafting Lesson;, The enemy barrage at the point of the wall given without ex- surprise offer, complete in- nearest it, suddenly lifted. Beams Drafting positions. We have made this train- tra charge to formation, money -back darted ing so complete, so practical, so easy to mas- students. guarantee, etc., to prove I f rom the opening . . . men came out in can become a real Draftsman ut ter, that our students are bound to make home in apare time. a cloud . . . good. And, so, because the demand for real Draftsmen continues to es -II I held back momentarily from the wall and ceed the supply and because this training actually prepares men for good Drafting positions, ' Name gathered my remnant of men about me. Only we back it with a Free Employment Service, free to employers, students, graduates. half my former strength ; but with sinking heart I tried to assure myself that the others Chief Drafting Engineer Street No had not heeded my call. The fighting here Drexel Ave. and 58th St. had slackened ; Orly stRf Tarrano's men had risen American Dept. DC -26 Chicago, Ill. 1 high, engaged at long range by our girls, School

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 19 je

from whom they were slowly, trickily re- FOR CLEAR, t`B" treating as though to lure the girls above QUIET POWER the city; and my heart was thankful when I SHOCK -PROOF! heard the relayed order from Rhaalton for the girls to withdraw-not to pass above the 471 STRAP WATCH wall, even at high altitude. The order came wos WALTHAM just in time; the barrage here flashed on or again, trapping a few-but only a few-of ELGIN our men behind it. I was aware of this new attack on the power house. Our units were hurriedly oP being ordered back. Georg in desperation, RADIO had flung his instrument vehicle at the Storage "B" Battery 12 Cells enemy ray . My connection broke; za volts Lasts Indefinitely-Pays for Itself Send and then another connection brought nie Economy and performance unheard of before. Recharged at a negli- gible cost. Deliver. unfailing r that is clear, pure and_ quiet- NO someone's voice with the report that the pproved and listed sr Standard by leading Radio Authories includ- in Pop. Radio Laboratories, Pop. Sci. Inst. Standards Radio News Money! instrument room had darkened that main Inc., Slid Rubber ueeand insurance against acid anandors leakage. Extra enemy ray, but had itself crashed to the heavy glass jars. heavy rugged pltes. Order today) SEND NO MONEY Jaat number f batteries wonderful ground . . . I wondered if Georg were antedt. and we will ,81 der order "SHOCK -PROOF" received. Extra offer: 4 batteries in series (90 volts), 830.50 Pay killed . . . later, I heard someone say s after examining batteries. 6 per cent discount for cash Jeweled Movement. order.order,er. Mail your order nowt hmade for us bJ a that lie was sa fe within the power house Band WORLD BATTERY COMP y for hunting,uh camping, golfing. fish- 1219 So. Wabash Ave., Dept, 83 Chicago, lilt. ing, strenuous outdoor aporte, office Mehemet' the Famous World Radio "A" Has 6 100 Storage Battery double -strength I disobeyed my final orders ; I did not Pais= -pelt. A.P. 811.2.5; ¡co Amp. $13.55; 140 Amp. 314.00. spring steal wheels, plates escapement. Impervious to weather All equipped with Solid Rubber Caw. and shocks. Sizzling eon /r zin ather. 1 y do not effect its time-keeping. DUST -PROOF. MOISTURE-PROOF CASE. swing back toward the power -house; instead, with my men around me, we fled back from Set your Radio Diele at 210 WE nave sold hundreds to professional men, business men, matera for the new 1000 sportsman, globe -trotters -they are amazed at its marvelous watt World Storage Battery p formence under moat gruelling this segment of the wall to the higher lying Station, filled, conditions,-. CASE ¢old - World Watch Inannouaannouncement.. double stock: handsome cushion hope that nes admiring ISTORAGE BATTERIES Radium dial tells time vividly in itch darkness, Strap white plain behind it. rlancee.Bahama pigskin. A sturdy Strap Watch for RED-BLOODED z MEN- etptùh enoughugh for smartest functions, etvrdr I have spoken of the clown -grade of this enough for most oua apota. Regular price, $30.00. /s ura dare for this rise) gain us pries soaaeaeion, $ / {/ 75 land here, culminating in the depression Our'Direct-to-user" . price. . . . which marked this part of the wall. It was ^ We ask for NO Money in that depression which gave me my idea. JVIJci, aduanla NOTHING on IS YOUR CLOCK STOPPED? Gtut 'Delivery! See, Try, Test, Our heat -ray cylinders had so far been use- A Use, ENJOY this SHOCK- One bottle of my clock oil sent on approval PROOF SiraP Welch for less. They had a range of only two hun- to any part of the world. Simple directions 10 Days' ßl0 Trial ABSO- dred feet, and no power to attack a barrage. tell how to put the clock in running condi- LUTELY FREE. M tion and keep running Some of them had futilely been used ; the clocks in working If pleased you may pay on Budget Plan order. Also good for cornets, saxophones $5.00 MONTHLY snow and ice on the ground above our recent and all valve instruments. or. if you wish to Bay cash within 10 days, fighting was melted in patches-pools of boil- deduct $1.75 and send Check or Money Send me 50e only if this makes your Order for $22. Otherwise return it. Send ing water lay on the naked rock; and the stopped clock run. NO Money! Pay NOTHING on Delivery! Order NOW! water, flowing clown the depression, had Check below make dean -add FRANK TOMPKINS GUARANTEED OILS ELGIN WALTHAM reached the ice-wall-a tiny stream of it, 7A Highland Avenue, White Plains, N. Y. eating into the wall, slowly, surely . i SEAVER-WILLIAMS CO. Ulf "8 Generatiena of Honorable Dealings" With my men I flew up the slope. The ice ... Importer», Eaportere, National Mail-Order Rouas 385 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON MASS. and snow here melted under the close -range Sole Dietriboraat of the SHOCK -PROOF Strap 4{'nteh Clip andmail this Adv. NOW! Please tell us eeeczchine about play of our heat -cylinders. Rivulets of boil- esrazif. will appreciate andreepeettheinformation. THANK ing water began creeping toward the city. Y S.I. 8-28 IMPLES ..r. .i.vi..i ivaasi. ._.y..' Other men at my call joined us. Two hun- Cleared Up-often in 24 hours. To prove dred of us soon were melting the ice. Thé you can be rid of Pimples, Blackheads, Acne rivulets merged into brooks, to streams-and Eruptions on the face or body, Barbers' Itch, soon a river torrent of hissing, boiling water Eczema, Enlarged Pores, Oily or Shiny Skin, $25 to$iOO simply send me your name and address today-no cost- gathering volume as it went, was surging at no GAigation. CLEAR -TONE tried and tested in over For one the wall. The wall began melting-itsel f 100,000 cases-user) like toilet water-is simply magical in its prompt results. You ran repay the favor by telling your drawing feeding this monster which was eating at Diem's; If not, the loss is mine. WRITE TODAY. E. S. GIVENS. 468 Chemical Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. vitals . . . a yawning hole began opening at the hase of the wall . . . it began sag- FREEFor Ten e

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 367

I too was there. Tarrano's men-the re- 1 maining few who were desperately fighting -liad suddenly withdrawn. And then we knew the purpose of this hanging room. A strange form of some tre- mendous electro -magnet. I could feel it pull- ing at me. My power to guide myself in the air was wavering. From my height I could see down into this ceilingless rectangle. It was un -manned by humans. A room of whirling, flashing knives! Above it, even then some of our men, were struggling in its magnetic grip . being drawn down into it a girl's power must suddenly have collapsed; she was sucked in with a rush-torn to frag- ments by the whirling knives. . . The area of magnetism seemed to spread for a helan or more. Everywhere around me I saw our men and girls struggling with it, fighting to keep away, but closing in a ring around it . faster, continually more helpless until at last, their bodies out of control whirling end over end, they were sucked in like water rushing into a turbine One of our weakened towers attack- ed it ; but some of the remnants of Tarrano's projectors caught the tower and darkened it. Through the rising clouds of steam I could see the magnet vaguely now. But I could feel it pulling; and soon, in spite of myself, I was fairly close above it. I strove to keep my wits. The others who were meeting their death lost control of their bodies at the last and could not use their cylinders. I had Science in S having some battery power remaining; I snapped on it. It still held my disintegrating ray to test Here's the razor that embodies all the To Readers of principles known to experts in matters "THE EXPERIMENTER" pertaining to shaving. It is the only You will find the best features of THE EX- razor in world that sharpens PERIMENTER preserved in SCIENCE & the its INVENTION, besides a brand new "Model own blades-a razor and stropping Department". See the beautiful Silver Trophy cup for best model each month des- machine in one. cribed elsewhere in this issue. Sharpen it, then shave, then clean-all strength for very close range. It was my last desperate recourse. in a jiffy, and without removing the I righted my body, and yielding to the blade from the razor. A speedy, com- magnetic pull, ceasing to struggle, I dove head first at that yawning rectangle. A fortable shave every time uni- gleaming blur of knives . . . blood- - stained now . . . within these rectangu- formly perfect. lar walls' horrible carnage. . . A second of despair ; but my ray struck true. . . Around me was chaos; my senses Each Valet AutoStrop Razor outfit is a com- reeled, went black for an instant. But I plete shaving service, consisting of Case, Razor, recovered, found myself whirling in the empty air. Strop and Blades. Price $5.00 to $25.00. Pop- The city was melting into a turmoil of ular models $1.00. boiling water and surging steam. The fight- ing everywhere had ceased. Wavering fig- ures were rising-fugitives struggling away. With my senses still confused, I righted my- self, undecided where to go or what to do. Above me two figures ValetAuto)Strop were still in combat. Razor One of them-a man-assailed by a heat - ray, came hurtling down past me. The other --sharpens its own blades wavered-a girl with her flying mechanism out of control. She was a hundred feet or AutoStrop Safety Razor Co. 656 First Ave., New York more above me, wavering downward. Elza! I shot myself up to her, seized her in my arms, my own supporting mechanism sus- taining us both. Elza, spent, but uninjured, I held her close. "Elza dear! My Elza!" We hung there in the air. From out the vanishing city, rising through the steam came a small metal vehicle. A pointed cyl- inder, in height no more than twice that of a man. It came tip slowly. Its rectangular door was open. As it reached our level and went past us quite close, I saw a man's figure standing there. Tarrano! Tarrano alone! From the wreckage of his city, making his escape alone! IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

www.americanradiohistory.com 368 Science and Invention for August, 1926

Without thought-holding Elza tightly within my arms-I flung us upward. Tar - rano saw us, recognized us. He slackened his upward pace. With my sober reason gone, I strove to overtake him; saw the sar- donic leer on his face but did not realize that he was waiting for us. We caught up with his vehicle; he pulled us through the doorway, to the floor of the narrow circular room with its heavy translucent panes. He was bending over me, leering. "Jas: Hallen! And my little Lady Elza! How fortunate!" I cast off Elza and gained my feet. For an instant we stood-Tarrano and I-meas- uring each other. He seemed calm; his face Master Electricity bore a slow sardonic smile; he was unarmed, drawn hack against the concavity of the wall, watching me with his steady, keen By Actual Practice eyes. Behind him through the low window, I saw the white ground now far below us; The only way you can become an expert is by we were rising swiftly. doing the very work under competent instructors, "So you brought my Lady Elza hack to me, Jac Hallen?" which you will be called upon to do later on. In He got no further, for with a leap I was other words, learn by doing. That is the method upon him. To use my weapons in these of the New York Electrical School. narrow quarters would have been suicide. Five minutes of actual practice properly directed My body pinned him against the wall as I is worth more to a man than years and years of book lunged; my fingers strove for his throat. He was no larger than I, but the Indeed, is strength study. Actual Practice the only training of him was extraordinary. His body stif- of value, and graduates of New York Electrical fened to resist my impact; one of his hands School have proved themselves to be the only men gripped my wrist; his other hand-the heel that are fully qualified to satisfy EVERY demand of it-came up beneath my chin, forcing my of the Electrical Profession. head back. He fought silently, with movements that The Only Institution of seemed almost deliberate. Into the center of the Kind the room we struggled. I saw that Elza was in America upon her feet, a hand pressed to her mouth At this "Learn by Doing" School a man acquires the in terror. art of Electrical Drafting; the best business methods and "Elza !" experience in Electrical Contracting, together with the I had meant to tell her to use the control skill to install, operate and maintain all systems for pro- levers which were on a small table nearby- ducing, transmitting and using electricity. A school for to bring us back to the ground; but with Old and Young. Individual instruction. this momentary diverting of my attention, Tarrano's fist struck me full in the face. I Over 10,000 Graduates are Successful Men staggered hack. Elza screamed-called in the Electrical World something to Tarrano. I staggered, but I did No previous knowledge of electricity, mechanics or not fall ; and as Tarrano stood there, still mathematics is necessary to take this electrical course. with his slow smile. I recovered myself and You can begin the course now and by steady application was again upon him. Locked together we prepare yourself in a short time. You will be taught by swayed to the control table. My back was practical electrical experts with actual apparatus, under to it. Tarrano's slender fingers with a grip actual conditions. like alemite, had found my throat. Slowly, New York Electrical School The N. Y, E. S. gives a special Automobile Ignition irresistably he forced me backward over the 29 W. 17th St., Course as an advanced training for Auto Mechanics, table. I was helpless ; my breath was stop- New York, N. Y. Garage Men and Car Owners. The course covers com- ped ; Tarrano's triumphant fáce bending Please send FREE and pletely all Systems of Ignition, Starters, Lighting and over me was fading with my senses. without obligation to nie other electrical equipment on automobiles, motor boats, "In just a moment, Lady Elza. . ." your 64 -page book. airplanes, etc. He was telling her calmly that in a moment Let us explain our complete course to you in person. If he would be finished with me. Did the man's you can't call, send now for 64 -page book-it's FREE egotism, here at the last, delude him into Name to you. the belief that Elza wanted him to conquer me? With all the weapons of science dis- Street New York Electrical School carded-this primitive struggle of man against man with the woman as prize-did City 29 West 17th Street, New York the thought of that delude him into the belief that her love was his, now that he was killing me? I never knew. But beneath the roaring of my head, I heard his gentle words to her. And then, behind him, I saw her coming for- LËCTRIC L ,:SCNOOL ward. A heavy metal object which she had picked up from the floor was in her hand. lifld li á Tarrano saw her also-in a mirror on the table-saw her raise the jagged weapon. not at me-at himself. etrj t iii=éf.}°¡,-tt Raise it to strike; Ì t1 __ .f,s f His face was close above mine. In that second, I saw in his expression the realiza- tion that Elza was attacking him. A special technical scimul aith concise but comprehensive course in Non-essentAils Whatever his emotions, like a flash he eliminated. Thorough knowledge of underlying principles emphasizo.l. are closely inter - loosened. His ,coven in class -room and laboratory. acted. His grip on my throat arm, swinging backward, warded off Elza's Electrical Engineering in One Year trembling, hesitant blow. The metal block, etThe course is designed for earnest. ambitious young men of limited time and means. Cur- intended for his head, was knocked from ri col tun includes mathematics, mechanical drawing and intensive shop work. Students con- to floor. tract motors, install wiring, test electrical machines. Graduates are qualified to enter the her hand; it fell clattering the electrical field at once. reaching over, Tarrano gripped the Bliss men hold responsible positions throughout the world. Thoroughly equipped fire- And proof dormitories, dining hall, laboratories and shops. Prepare for your profession in the vehicle's control lever, wrenched it bodily most interesting city in the world. School established 1893. Send for catalog. Address its fastenings! Control of the vehicle D. from BLISS ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 448 Takoma Avenue Washington, C. was irrevocably lost! We were falling!

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Inzzntion for August, 1926 369 Breathless moments! Tarrano idly stood apart; his face a mask. My breath restored, I was recovering. I drew myself erect. Joining the wires in a great trunk nerve between New York and Chicago Death! But my confused thoughts went to Elza. Her flying mechanism was partial- ly sustaining; my own probably was still effective. Before Tarrano was aware of my purpose, I had pushed Elza forcibly through the doorway. Into the rush of air her figure disappeared. But Tarrano gripped me as I tried to follow her. Gripped me and clung. A breathless, dizzy instant. Locked together, our bodies shifted crazily. I tried to get him out the doorway with me, but he fought against it. . . . Smiling-al- ways smiling. Elza fell safely. But they told me that Tarrano and I hovered for days unconscious on the borderland between life and death, living finally, for our vehicle had plunged into a tremendous snow -bank, to break its fall. The Exile Last scene of all . . . They would not have Tarrano on any of the three worlds. the Nerves of a Nation While still living, the very personality of him was a menace. With his woman Tara, who refused to leave him and whom he tolerated, they banished him to that tiny asteroid which THE magnitude of our present no bigger than a man's wrist pursued its solitary way between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. system of telephone communica- each containing 2400 thread -like A lonely, barren little world, with its tion was beyond the thoughts of wires, carrying beneath the city single, primitive race of spindly beings- men fifty years ago. While at streets their millions of spoken timid, frail beings, half -human, half insect. We took him there-Maida and Georg, Elza that time Bell, the inventor, had messages. Long distance cables and I. He anticipated his dislike of the a prophetic vision of places and overhead and underground con- asteroid's slight gravity, and demanded houses and factories connected nect cities with one another by weighted shoes so that he might walk with the normal feeling of Earth and Venus. by telephone, even he could not storm -proof conductors, now be- "You give me too much freedom," he told have foreseen the American city ing extended into a country -wide us solemnly. of skyscrapers with more tele- network. And there amid the rocks, with Tara we phones in one building than set him down. As we parted, he turned to are At the present time nine -tenths Elza. She and I were joined in marriage to be found in many a foreign of the 45,000,000 miles of tele- by then. He faced her, took one of her country. phone wire in the Bell System hands and pressed its palm to his forehead, the gesture of homage and respect. The massed multitudes of the are in cable. The service of each "Goodbye, Lady Elza. I wish for you modern city can no longer be telephone user has become more all life's happiness." He smiled, but it was served by wires strung in the air. and more reliable with the exten- a very wistful smile. And then he swung away abruptly. We now have telephone cables sion of this cable construction. "Tara! Prepare me food. Leave me-I would be alone." His imperious gesture dis- persed also the crowd of natives who were curiously regarding him. Here, in his last AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY little domain, he would still be master. Our vehicle slowly rose. From its win- AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES dows we watched h'm. Ignoring us utterly, weighted down by his heavy shoes, he paced his barren rocks, head lowered, alone with those thoughts he never shared with anyone. Tarrano, the Conqueror! THE END. BELL SYSTEM

IN ITS SEMI -CENTENNIAL YEAR THE BELL SYSTEM LOOKS FOR- WARD TO CONTINUED PROGRESS IN TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION

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www.americanradiohistory.com 370 Science and Invention for August, 1926

e Our Spiritualistic Investi- ^ FOUNDED 11399 Thousands Use These gations Ingenious By "DUNNINGER" TRANSMITTER (Continued from page 315) The medium's usher, or whatever you care UNITS to call him, who had left us with our thoughts, now re-entered the room. Earn Without ally show of theatricalism, he an- $60 to nounced, "Madame Vesta." a The madame did not walk into the room, $200 she glided. She carried an air of mystery Week about her. She was of average height, be- comingly dressed in modern style ; an air of FREE Railroad Fare superiority rested on her Why work for $25.00 or $30.00 or even $40.00 unconsciously. She a week when as a Coyne Trained Expert was attractive in an ylm can cake $60.00 to $200.00 a week. Coue oriental way and had Tr 'a. You On Actual Electrical Machinery. No the most piercing pair books or lessons, all practical experience. You of black eyes I have don't need education or experience. We Will Assist seen. You TimeeJob While Learning aA TAdn Free ever Her black hair, not bobbed, was Ployment After n. coiled high on top of Free courses In Radio and Auto Electricitye dan'd i' l I her shapely head, held Puy your railroad fare. Write Now or Free Beek. by a gleaming dagger of gold. And when 1300-1310 she spoke, her voice sounded like the West Harrison St. splash- COYNE CHICAGO, ILL. ing of pebbles over a rivulet somewhere ELECTRICAL SCHOOL Dept. C533 up in a dream -country where one goes to make an H. C. Lewis, effort to materialize castles in the Coyne Electrical School, Dept. C-533 air. If you follow me. . 1300.1310 W. Harrison St., Chicago She began by telling us that she had Dear H. C.: Please send me free your big cata- con- log and full particulars of your special offer. r, trol of a number of musical spirit -guides and Here's a marvel of Engineering design-z that they loved music. Name practical miniature transmitter, used by Another time, she promised, she would give thousands of radio fans and experimenters materializations, but on this evening only Address for amplification purposes. "spirit music." Town It is a most novel unit, having hundreds of Seating herself on the chair in the cabinet, uses. Every amateur should have two or she asked that one of the party blindfold State three of these amplifiers in his laboratory. her. This was done with my own handker- A FEW USES FOR THESE UNITS chief. Then a piece of rope was handed out for examination and the assistant requested -LOUD SPEAKER MwgOAm. ew.E 6Q RETRANSMISSION- DtbIANCt one of us to tie the medium's hands securely -Page, to the chair. I undertook that job. It gave IIll erne me an opportunity of examining the cabinet at close range. I was satisfied that every- í ok. thing looked ship-shape. The medium then requested us to softly sing any well known ' 1 _IV eUTTeN song. dropped the curtains on The assistant 'Tz ; the back and both sides of the cabinet. The BATTE s a to be ;Far ! medium, after few coughs, seemed í i growing rigid. Her lips were slowly moving DAPe.AWn 'Nab: as if mumbling a prayer. She was supposed 000EIVEA -III II.II1, 1M LWÓ[T SOUP. -AMPLIFIER- to be entering a trance. -OM LEAK- Several of the side bracket lights were Mailing snapped off by the attendant, but the room was sufficiently lighted so that one could List see everything that was going on.' Catalog le Then the curtain in front of the cabinet ìI, x ..,..e. ..,.. was dropped. Silence for a second, followed No.55 -ONE STAGE by a hissing sound coming from the cabinet. AMPLIFICATION., Get Business by Mail ro Ace At We strained our eyes, but could see nothing. 60 pages of vital business facts and I. A low moan. Then the voice of a child figures. ( .YoCe Who, Where and how many l singing some sort of a song. We could not your prospects are. BATTERY \I this came 8,000 lines of business covered. Com- make out the words. Following piled by the Largest Directory Publish- a screech; the bell was rung sharply and ers in the world, thru information ob- tained by actual door-to-door canvass. : oLAraP BUTTON thrown to the floor rolling outside the cab- BUTTON - Write for your FREE copy. p inet. An assistant pulled the curtain aside TO CiOUNO R. L. POLK & CO., Detroit, Mich. OaPNP/.n.A in the 880 -TALKING LIGHT. -DETECTOR quickly. The medium was seated POLK DIRECTORY BLDG. chair apparently still in a trance. Branches in Principal cities of II. s. -CODE PRACTICING DEVICE-DEVICE -. - A -. LR %NG . . o. The curtains were again closed. Several OutenO EM t Ode RI `L.eMen..,E sharp notes were blown on the clarinet, im- Magnified 225 Diameters e1I mediately followed by several hard blows on Eeuui This is what the tip of a fly's leg ¡Ili,'._ 4'''--- .. strange oriental frag- .00 y, the base drum. A is like when seen through the VAC rance pervaded the room, and on the air came the ULTRALENS w Mare MOM. reit floating from the top of the cabinet -9AL IN PHONE AMPLIFIER- sweetest bit of violin playing I have ever MICROSCOPE With each unit is mailed an eight -page instruc- of hearing. And from a At last a high suggestions for innum- had the pleasure powered micro- tion pamphlet containing a bowl! scope is within erable uses. violin without the means of all Our supply is limited; avoid disappointment by A crash. Music ended. Curtain whisked who wish to ordering today. The coupon below is for your Madame still communing with the study, observe special convenience. aside. a n d experiment other world. with the cost world of minute SPECIALLY PRICED Again the curtain is closed. The snare objects invisible a to the naked eye. drum, played by some spirit hand, plays $7.50 for Complete Outfit Prepaid Such fun It is, l es well as educa- While they last- 9m, roll ; there is a sharp blast of the bugle. A tional. No technical training required, yet hundreds of cabinet . . . a (or Two for ,1.75) voice issues from the scientists and teachers are using llli s instrument. Gives per unit that the Spirit of enormous magnification and perfect definition. Send $7.50 deep bass voice declaring Send descriptive literature. hovers around and is good to the for complete outfit. for THE PRESS GUILD, Music Scientific Apparatus Corp., Dept. 203, Milton, Pa. 66-S West Broadway, New York. N. Y. Madame this evening. Immediately several Enclosed find 95e/$í.75 for which send me postpaid of the clarinet; a resounding one/two amplifier units as advertised. sharp toots PONY drum, a roll of the snare THE MATH Name smash of the bass A table of partial products which saves time and drum and a dozen bars, well played, on the mental effort in multiplication and division. To Address multiply-add. To divide-subtract. Abso-rf`. of one of the latest jazz numbers. for students. !Ai City, State saxophone Told, aerorate. Invaluable ti 1 A crash as if the instrument had been thrown MATH PONY. 229 N. Harvey Ave., Oak Park, III.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for August, 1926 371 to the floor. Curtain pulled aside and there sits Madame, with head hanging to side as if she had fainted. l} An assistant immediately pulls off the blindfold and puts smelling salts to her nose. I step forward to examine and cut the bonds; she opens her eyes; gets her bear- ings and then smiles as she says, "I trust you have enjoyed the spirit world music." Who wouldn.'t?i I pick up my handkerchief from the floor where the assistant has tossed it. We are o ' fine near the cabinet now. There is nothing to FOR THAT perfect `[balance" Turkish see. There are the instruments and the violin reclines majestically in its case and still and American tobaccos, that exgia delicacy of without a bow ! One of the men of our party pays the taste and aroma which are Fatima¡s and Fatima's assistant while Madame chats amiably with the ladies and we are ready to go, maybe wouldn't pay a fe cents more? to call some other time. alone-who The bonds that held the Madame through- out her manifestations which took longer than it takes to tell of them were the same as I had tied them. And I know rope ties. The truth was that the medium's hands throughout the séance were never unbound. That I'll vouch for any time. Impossible? Dreams? What mysterious force played those in- struments? Whisper . a secret; there was a midget concealed in the bass drum. He had a violin bow also concealed in the drum and this he used in playing the violin. The trap in the drum was on a spring working both ways. The midget was well trained and a clever little musician by the way. And, dear reader, for a little fellow not more than two and one-half feet in height, how he could cat. Ancient Torture Methods PART III-(Conclusion) (Continued from page 311)

Idea that this was not a direct killing pro- cess, but that the inevitable death, was a sort of an incident attached to it. Among the early emanations of witchcraft, we hear that Richard II, King of England from 1377 to 1399, used witchcraft accusa- tions against his enemy. Of course he knew What a whale of a difference just a few cents make that the allegations were absolutely false. The supposed doings of the witches are com- memorated in Goethe's "Faust," where Wal- purgis night festivities are portrayed and find a humorous we in "Tam-o-shanter" Co. description of a witches' gambol. Now the LICCETT MYERS TOBACCO superstitious, and they were very numerous, believed that these things were done ; they believed that witches went through the air Work for "Uncle Sam" on broomsticks; they believed that their fam- ily and business trouble were often due to RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS the incantations of the witches; the law and eventually in acted on the superstition, MAIL CARRIERS / 'FR. INc STIsTUTE, England, Germany, Switzerland and eastern t Dept W-ANK178LIN, Ro h e t er, N. Y. France, the number of victims was fright- oSirs: Rush to me without charge: (1) Specimen $1700 Ay, fully large. The numbers given are so great to $3000 Year Railway Postal Clerk Examination questions; (2) TRAVEL-See your country on government pay o FREE 32 -page book describing U. S. government that it is hard to believe them, and we may positions open to men and boys and full particulars MAIL O telling how to get them. hope that they are exaggerated. In 15 years MEN-BOYS, 17 UP SHOULD COUPON were IMMEDIATELY Name of the 16th century, it was said there Steady Work. No Layoffs. Paid Vacations. 30,000 executions for witchcraft. This was I Address in France. Then the superstition went over $150 hs300 PROFIT MONTH Y ONE DAY BATTERYCHARGING and in the 17th century in one Charge batteries in 1/3 tae time required by others and to Germany, get the business. Latest method recommended by the place, it is said that 20% of the population leading battery companies and approved by the U. S. Bureau of Standards. BIG YEAR ROUND PROFITS. were executed as witches -100,000 convic- Best paying business in automotive field. Requires no tions of are credited to" Germany special experience, uses small space. 30 DAYS' FREE witchcraft TRIAL at our risk under absolute money back guaran- in a period of 50 years. England was far tee. Write today for Bulletin X, giving full partic- Long Parliament ulars. from innocent. Under the HOBART BROS. CO., the revolution, it is said that Box S8 TROY, OHIO during Puritan ONLY elm MONTHLY^ PAID BY INCREASED 3,000 people came under the capital charge PROFITS of witchcraft, and were either tortured, SEND FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CATALOG Th; LINCOLN SPORT PLANE BUILD IT hanged. Probably few were Our oit price list. YO ANDEFLYU burned or Full line of 100 Miles per hr. Blue hanged or burned alive without preliminary auto bodies 30 H. P. Motor: prints and accessor- and ma- torture. ies for Fords terial bridle, a minor (?) instru- at Wholesale now The witches' Prices. Save ready for ment of torture is thus described: big money builders. on bodies by buy- Send 25c for illustrated book. It "A barbarous contrivance made of iron ing Direct from Factory. tells you how. Lincoln Standard and so fashioned that a spike having four FOR FORD-Prices from 527.85 up. Factory to Aircraft Co., Lincoln, Nebr. Den.' consumer direct-Pay only One Profit \ew flying school opens June 1st. Earn your prongs-in shape like a quadruple fishhook- International Body Works, 914 W. Oh io St., Dept.4, Ch icano,IIl. way through.

www.americanradiohistory.com 37_ Science and Invention for August, 1926 would be forcibly thrust into the mouth, the prongs penetrating the palate, tongue and cheeks. The whole thing was then se- cured by a padlock. By means of a ring attached to the collar part the wearer could be secured to a staple in the wall of a cell." In a well known story by the German STAMFORD author, called in its English version, "The IN THE CATSKILLS Amber Witch," we read of a quantity of flax being given to the unfortunate victim 'ihe Land of Legend and TZomance, to be wrapped around the body to bring about a quicker death in the fire. & he Joy of T-ampers,Golfers and Fishermen In some of the illustrations the victims are seen wearing a strange costume. Ac- counts of this garb called the "Sanbenito" PEXMERE CLUB HOTEL vary somewhat. In conclusion it must be said that the ANDj stories of the cruelties of these days are undoubtedly exaggerated, that personal pre- CHURCHILL HALL'// judice of writers has had its effect in the bringing out exaggeration both of numbers STAMFORD, N.Y. and of cruelty. In contradiction of this TWO HOTELS WITH A SELECTED CLIENTELE, spirit it is of interest to note, that it is said BOOKLETi WITH PICTURES SENT FREEy in Torquemada's day the victims condemned to be burned as a rule were strangled be- mercy. Ii.Ii.MASE, MANAGING DIRECTOR fore hand. This was a bit of Then coming down to present times, it is only in WILLIAM J. LoWE, ASSOCIATE MANAGER 1808 that Napoleon when he got into Spain NOV. III TO MAY IST abolished the whole system of torture there, and it was only in 1834 that it definitely dis- MIAMI. FLORIDA appeared in Spain, and this is about the latest date that can be found. And now we come to our own country. Nearly 70 years ago, the discipline at Au- burn prison, in the State of New York, included a modicum of torture. One man A Book for Every Radio Set User was subjected to the pouring of cold water in a shower upon his head. This seems a very light punishment, but it killed the vic- tim; he was tortured to death. Of course, a trial had to follow and that took the shape decidedly, of a "white -washing." In we Radio the illustrated paper of this city which pub- lished a picture of the torture, there are THE RAM other illustrations of punishments, as well, which were inflicted in Auburn prison. In TROUBLE FINDER one of them a man's hands are drawn up COMPILED BY THE STAFF OF Trouble into the air as far as possible, one foot is drawn up and out to the level of the waist, leaving only one foot to touch the ground. In a book just published by a Russian noblewoman, who escaped from a Soviet Finder prison, she tells the horrors of a cork -lined, airtight cell, in which you can stand the No matter how much or how little you suffocation and pounding of the temples but know of your radio receiver, this new 20 minutes. It is sound -proof and pitch dark. "Radio Trouble Finder" book is going to In Evelyn s Diary, and Evelyn was of he be a big help. particularly mild and gentle personality, remarks en passant very coolly, that he saw It explains the common and special faults Titus Oates being flogged through the streets all the standard receivers of today; tells of London. When we consider that Oates, of Almanac, received instantly, by various according to Partridge's how to recognize 2,256 blows with a six -lash whip, and was sounds, where the trouble lies and also gives credited with 13,536 stripes, that the first day special simple tests by which you can de- he was led through London, receiving part termine what is wrong with your receiver. of the punishment, and a couple of days later Then for each particular fault there is ex- he was drawn through the streets on a hurdle, for the rest of the heating, it shows plained the proper procedure for correct- how these things were taken as a matter of ing it. course. Judge Jeffreys, for many years a judge in All troubles and their remedies are ar- England, was inhumanely cruel in his sen- ranged in simple charts so that even the most tences. In one case when he ordered a inexperienced radio user will have no woman to be led through the streets and The Copy trouble in keeping his set at all times in flogged, he said to the sheriff that the he should there- first class condition. weather was cold, and that fore see that he warmed "my lady's back." 200 Illustrations All parts of the radio set are illustrated to Today the pendulum has swung too far few weeks show the layman how to proceed in cor- probably in the other direction. A Size 6 x 9 Inches ago a man was flogged in Delaware under recting faults. judicial sentence, for wife -beating and re- ceived only five lashes. And more recently we read of people being rather horrified at SOLD ON ALL NEWSSTANDS the idea of someone being condemned to receive forty lashes. Compare this with Published by THE E, I. COMPANY, Inc. Titus Oates' punishment. According to some very recent revelations that have come into Distributed by the courts, Great Meadows Prison, in the State of New York, figures as almost a THE CONSRAD CO., Inc., 64 Church St., New York, N. Y. pleasant resort. (END)

www.americanradiohistory.com 373 Science and Invention for August, 1926 JobsforHomeTrained Men in GERMAN ARMY OFFICERS' ; Answers to Scientific FIELD GLASSES Problems ELECTRICITY (Continued front page 324) Exactly As Used In Absolute $65 a WEEK AND UPl A few Get into a field that's H a,, Y The Great World War Satisfaction not crowded. Draw wee='k or Money real pay! If you eau it POST-PAID-ONLY be reached by mail, ith Back THE MEN AND THE BOAT 1 train you "Mich for e e la electtieity. la lt. THE fact that the men and boat just $085 barely float in water shows that the boat alone displaces a weight of water equal to that of the boat and men to- gether. Now if the boat be inverted and submerged in such a way that very little water enters, the buoyancy of the boat will $20.00 be almost as much as before and since the men are now partly submerged it is highly VALUE .probable that they will displace enough water in addition to make up for what enters the ELECTRICAL EXPERTS are needed now as boat. [f this is the case the boat will support never before. Even electrical trades are making them in the manner indicated. record money. But men with expert electrical training such as we give you, are earning $3250 THE TWO SHADOWS 8 -Power a year and up by the thousands. And the big 40 MM. If the men were directly below the lamp modern electrical "boom" has only Objectives when they started to walk away from it their started. Jobs by the hundreds are Manufactured by most prominent of German op- shadows would be beneath their feet and evi- opening up. Electrical refrigera- tical farurrles. Many were received direct from the tion,power plants, battery stations. Allied Reparations Commission. Conservative $20.00 dently of equal length. As soon as they value. get any appreciable distance from the lamp, A profitable business for yourself. Finest achromatic day and night lenses, 40 m.m. kind of job you've always objectives. Dust and moisture proof. Pupillary ad- however, their shadows will be of unequal The justment. Built for service regardless of cost ac- length. wanted. Where you do the boss- cording to strictest military standards. All -glasses Charles P. Stein- ing and let the other fellow do the guaranteed to be in perfect condition. The rate of increase in the length of the metz, A. M. Ph. D. They meet the most exacting optical tests. and 'Electric wizard' $25 a week hard work. for sportsmen, autoi sts, hunter, tourists, and boat shadows will not be constant, the rate being of General Elec- owners cannot be excelled. A RARE BARGAIN. tric wae for the FREE EMPLOYMENT -SERVICE very slow when the gentlemen are close to last ' years Enclose Check, Money Order. or order C. O. D. his lifo on the A and it doesn't cost you a penny. A very limited quantity. Du not delay. the lamp and very rapid when they are at a ry Board of Schol f Engs- Thousands of firms look to us for considerable distance. In this connection note nearing. Genuine Sole Leather Carrying Case extra, $1.75 men. General Electric, Harnisch- that shadows do not lengthen appreciably at feger Corp'n., Commonwealth Edison are only COMPANY noon when the sun is overhead even in the a few places where S. of E. men get rapid ad- THE NEWMAN-STERN course of an hour whereas at sunset the Ohio's Greatest Sporting Goods Store vancement. Hundreds have been helped by us growth of shadows is Newman -Stern Bldg., Cleveland, O. very striking. in selecting the right place to go into business for themselves. 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But as they move on the job. Earn 865 ?he Household Solder a week and up. It's from B anti B' to C and C' their speeds will "in the cards" for you Hundreds of S. of E. men locate in be decreased. Because of their inertia, how- if you act and send business for themselves. With our Here's why thousands use Soldering the coupon. help it's easy to get started. Rester Metal Mender. Booklet ever, they will tenet to maintain the speed SATISFACTION -GUARANTEED OR MONEY BACK Simple-'Requires Only "It's a they had at B and B'. Hence in this part of Xeat"Anyone can use it. Climb to the stroke they will drive the flywheel anti is the way we stand behind S. of E. training. We can Safe-No messy pots or Solder" afford to because S. of E. men make good. They have dangerous acids. thus give back the energy which they ab- the prestige for some of the biggest electrical men in Sure - Genuine Solder Upon sorbed from it during the first half of the America are S. of E. men. A signed money -back guaran- makes firm metal joints. Request tee bond is yours the minute you enroll. Your training Satisfactory -Work s stroke. At C and C' the process is begun light or must satisfy you or every penny is returned. equally well on is heavy, old or new work. again. If no energy lost in this process GET STARTED-MAIL THE COUPON NOW. A big Economical-Saves the energy taken from the flywheel while the 72 page book in colors and illustrated with pictures of many times its price. pistons are approaching the midpoint should successful S. of E. men and their jobs will be rushed post- Tour 'Dealer Can paid. Full details on S. of E. home training and the big Supply You exactly equal the energy contributed to it opportunities that await you. Mail Coupon Right Now. while receding from the midpoint and there- CHICAGO SOLDER COMPANY fore the motion should continue indefinitely. 4201 345 W rishtwoodAve..Chieeso, U. S. A. Starting and stopping the pistons, retard- ing and accelerating the flywheel means a $50 Outfit R An `lte lear-e varying pressure on the bearing surfaces outfit which will intermittently compress the metal. finest materials when you en- G Unless, then, the metals are perfectly elastic, roll. e it a the bearings will get warm during the process a.rn10 just as a nail and a hammer head get hot under impact. Whatever kinetic energy is RealThrilling, foaming speed with. the thus converted into heat will be lost and Super Elto outboard motor! Instantly attached to any rowboat. Easily port- eventually the system will stop. able. World famous for easy starting. OF Multiplies the pleasures of fishing, THE SWINGING WEIGHTS I SCHOOL ENGINEERING OF MILWAUKEE Write today for Deot.5-C. a, Box 372, Milwaukee, Wisconsin racing, vacationing. Send me FREE and postpaid without big new catalog-beau- obrgation your e If A is set swinging back and forth the 72 -page book telling about S. of E. training and onpor- iifully illustrated- J tunities for me in electrical work. Also details of your em- I intensely interesting. Super motion which it imparts to the rope will ployment service and money back guaranty. Elloo Outboard Motor Co. gradually set B swinging also. As -B is set Dept 4e. Mot.. Homeaide. ill motion it gains energy which, obviously Milwaukee. Wis. i Name With a Quarter Turn" enough, must have come from A. A's mo- "Starts B's increases. tion will then decrease as Address Insure your copy reaching you each month. Sub- Soon A will he nearly at a standstill and B scribe to SCIENCE & INVENTION-$2.50 a be swinging vigorously. When this year. Publishing Co., 53 Park PL, will Experimenter stage is reached the process will be reversed. state N. Y. C. L°++y J

www.americanradiohistory.com 374 Science and Invention for August, 1926 B will lose its energy to A and eventually A will be swinging most vigorously again. THE DRAWSCALE PROBLEM HERE'S A BRAND NEW BOOM/ Since the cords supporting the system are `1ö delight every/ Hookup Fan,, vertical the sum of their readings will equal the weight of the bar and object together. And since the downward weight is applied midway between the scales it will affect both scales equally and they will read the same. THE _-_,.___--_-\ STANDPIPE ... .. 150 As water flows along the pipe, 1, m, n, o, p, the pressure decreases progressively ac- cording to the friction of the pipe. The pres- sure at points 1, m, n, etc., is measured by the height of the water columns lf, me, etc. If the friction ., Radio N Ups a 'o is uniform the decrease in Priiina, pressure between any two points along the tef pipe will be proportional to the distance be- o tween the points and hence the tops of the ò `__``_ _ NEWS.e water columns will lie along a straight line a, b, c, d, e. They will not, however, be in O w+T Hookups ' line with the surface of the water in the , , ,3 What more could you ask? - standpipe for this reason: The water in the 150 of the very finest, selected standpipe is at rest; it has no kinetic energy, . cr energy of motion whereas the water in the pipe has been set in motion. In setting the - °ela"EI hookups most popular today. water in motion in the pipe there is a certain i o Each one completely ex- loss of pressure called the "velocity head." the magnitude of which depends upon the plained and fully illustrated speed with which the water emerges from the reeY00. bottom of the standpipe. In an actual case N[W qTe.i.NeseY so that a complete receiver can it would be found that the levels a, b, c, d, be constructed from the in - e, f would be in line with some point such as h and the difference in level gh would PRICE formation. No out-of-date represent the pressure required to set the Hookups-all the finest and water in motion. THE FLOATING LOG e1,5 best in common use today. The log could not remain in the position indicated in the diagram, for as long as the Don't miss this oppòrtunity- rope is not vertical it will exert a pull which will tend to move the log sidewise in The Copy All Radio and news dealers the water until the rope is perpendicular to have fresh copies Now. If the surface of the water. 64 PAGES THE DAY there is no dealer near you CHANGING THE LENGTH OF ILLUSTRATED If all the trains of the earth were heavily LARGE SIZE write us direct enclosing 25 loaded and started eastward together at full speed they would exert, while gaining that 6 x 9 INCHES cents. speed, a force tangent to the surface of the earth which would slow down the speed of its rotation. Thus they would lengthen the day. The effect, however, would be only tem- SOLD ON ALL NEWSSTANDS porary, for as soon as the trains put on their brakes to stop they would exert an equal Published by THE E. I. COMPANY, Inc. force in the opposite direction and thus speed Distributed by up the earth's rotation to its original rate. THE CONSRAD CO., Inc., 64 Church St., New York City MULTIPLE IMAGES The ray diagram below shows how two mirrors MN and MP at an angle of 60 degrees would show five images symmetric- ally placed with respect to the mirrors and to their point of intersection. Incident and reflected rays must, of course, make equal angles with the mirror.

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www.americanradiohistory.com 375 Science and Invention for August, 1926 The Most Modern About "Cavalleria" and Up -to-Date Engine- WRNY the WITTE By CHARLES D. ISAACSON Down Buys Any (Continued front page 343) SCU Standard WITTE Mamma Lucia. Turridu, her son, has been Engine-The One -Profit absent ostensibly to buy grapes at Branco - 11/2 to H -P. f onte, but in truth making love to Lola, the Engine-From 7 wife of Alfio, the teamster. Santuzza, who NO INTEREST CHARGES loves Turridu, alone understands. While the The Standard WITTE engine which has peasants pour into the church and the organ farm power, can do your jobs cheaper Aviation revolutionized peals, weeps out her heart to and in a fraction of the time. This new WITTE de- Santuzza livers super -power, steady and reliable at any speed, Mamma Lucia and tells of her woe. For gas-oil, distillate or gas. Brings Quick on either kerosene, gasoline this is her story : Turridu and Lola once were Trouble -proof. All sizes, 11%a to 30 H -P. Completely equipped with WICO Magneto, square, protected lovers, but when Turridu went away, Lola tank, die-cast removable bearings, speed and power married Alfio. Broken-hearted, Turridu re- regulator and throttling governor. turned and Santuzza comforted him and won Success Makes All Power Work his love. She gave her all. Now, Lola, TO young men of daring no other jealous and angry, had won Turridu back field of work offers such a fascina- Easy and Cheap to her side and in secrecy steals him from tion, such high pay, nor such oppor- Write me today for full details love, which be- of this amazing new all- Santuzza and gives of the tunities for quick success as the field of purpose engine sold di- longs to Alfio. When Turridu appears, San- Aviation. As yet, aviation is practically rect -to -you at a low fac- pleads with him, but brazenly he in its infancy. But now is the time to tory price and easy terms. tuzza Thousands of users In throws her aside and enters the church with get in. all parts of the world the shameless Lola. Vengefully, cruelly, say it's "BEST". and the Write me person. Santuzza tells Alfio the truth, after Amazing Opportunities ally formybignew service, Alfio challenges Turridu to a duel in Airplane Industries catalog and full and kills him. details, absolutely FREE and no obligation. Or, if In the automobile industry and in the moving interested, ask about our Log and Tree Saws, 3 -in -I The Edison Ensemble did full justice to picture business hundreds of men got rich by Saw Rigs or Pump outfits. ED. H. WITTE, Pres. getting in at the start. They made their success the Prologue, and Judson House to Turridu's before others woke up. Today, these lines offer WITTE ENGINE WORKS serenade. This great weekly feature at no greater opportunities than a hundred and one 3753 Witte Bldg., KANSAS CITY, MO. holds high place in the musical life others. BUT AVIATION IS NEW. Get in while 3753 Empire Bldg., PITTSBURGH, PA. WRNY the opportunities are big. All over the country 3753 Witte Bldg., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. of the air. Speaking of the Edison Hour, there will be a clamor for trained men. It will not ehip me from of reminds me that you probably heard the be a question of pay but of getting capable men. Quearestwarehouses:k Miúneapolisalso e Mim,Atlanta, "The Return of Diogenes." Edison prize play Ga., Trenton, N. J., Richmond, V a., Tampa, Fla.. an Aviation Expert New Orleans, La., Dallas, Tex., Laredo, Tex.. You may recall that Arthur Williams, of Become Denver, Colo., Billings, Mont., New York, N.Y. the New York Edison Company, offered $50 to $100 per Week Albany, N. Y., Bangor, Me., Portland, Ore.. and best radio play devoted to the Los Angeles, Calif. prizes for the The study of aviation is almost as fascinating surprising changes of the world through as the actual work. Every lesson is full of in- electricity. The first prize effort was given terest. That is why it is easy to learn aviation. You do not have to make yourself study-it is over WRNY by the Radio Theatre Players, like reading an interesting book that tells you Keñihiofl - directed by Alfred Rigali. The big surprise things you have always wanted to know. Only was the engagement of Grant Mitchell, star - one hour each evening will give you the basic formerly with training in a surprisingly short time. + jnn, of "One of the Family" and One student, S.F. McNaughton, Chicago, says: the "Tailor -Made Man"-an engagement "Your lessons are like a romance, and what ,.....o``vgw.wuuse,4bututaanara--ma . a new precedent in broadcasting. is more, after one read- which sets ing, the student gets Mr. Mitchell played the role of "Diogenes" Fascinating athorough understand- - Asheville and gave verisimilitude to the old searcher ing. One never tires of earth. reading them." James N-C- for the honest man, returned to -Daring- Powers, Pa., another Others in the cast were Mr. Rigali and Miss Big Paying student, says, "I am in- Isabel Dawn, then leading woman in "The Prepare Now for One deed surprised that Comfortlble. notify of These Positions such a valuable course rooms - best Bells." Of course it is too late to can be had from such you, but Alice Brady is to be the guest star Aeronautical Instructor practical men for so sports $60 to $150 per week little cost." excellent food in the second prize play, and Olive Wynd- Aeronautical Engineer ham and Louise Closser Hale in the third $100 to $300 per week REASONABLE RATES tre- Aeronautical Contractor Personal play. The success of "Diogenes" was Enormous profits 'Write for.$ooltlet mendous, and not the least credit was given Aeroplane Repairman Instruction to the noises-which were real. $60 to $75 per week by Experienced Men Aoscol. Á.MARVU. Aeroplane Mechanician Men who have had ac- (-Tanager The most exciting thing which has hap- $40 to $60 per week tual experience give ,- pened during the month probably was the Aeroplane Inspector you personal attention. $50 to $75 per week They select the lessons, appearance of Norman Thomas. This fam- Aeroplane Salesman lectures, blueprints and ous radical had been invited by most of the $5000 per year and up bulletins. They tell you but mysteriously can- Aeroplane Assembler things that are essen- metropolitan stations, $40 to $65 per week tial in everyday prac- celled at the last minute. Thomas pleaded Aeroplane Builder tice. Each lesson is for freedom of speech on the air. WRNY $75 to $200 per week easy to read and un- invited him to speak and, as programmed, he derstand. did speak. Introducing him I said: "Right Big FREE Book-Now or wrong, we concede to Mr. Thomas and Get 'The. Send coupon below for New Book, just out, "Op- others the right to address themselves to the portunities in the Airplane Industry." It is in- HOMEe HOSPÍIALI radio public." After Mr. Thomas finished, teresting and instructive. It will show you many eloquent work in things you never knew before about aviation. Hugo Gernsback did some We have but a limited supply of these books- 751 `lhe.Cand of ?he,jliy' answering two of his most serious accusa- send the coupon before they are all gone. tions. on that famous night American School of Aviation STUDY AT HOME And did you listen in Michigan Ave.. Dent. 1426 Chicago, Ill. Become a lawyer. Legally trained 3601 men win high positions and big when Mona Morgan recited from Shakes- successin buslaeee and public life. B ndpendent. Greater opportuni- peare, Marguerite Namara sang, Virginia ties now than ever before. Big corpo- of rations are headed by meo with legal Howell of "Alias the Deacon" read the American School Aviation training. Earn verses of John B. Hymer and the whole cast 3601 Michigan Ave., Dept. 1426 Chicago, Ill. can Without any obligation, send me your Free Book, We guide you stepe by000step.to You train atA homeaduy- a with oftic conferred. of "One of the Family" had party, "Opportunities in the Airplane Industry", also infor- itaugdepts found"mgreeamong, ng ttorneys of everyw Hale and the mation about your course in Practical Aeronautics. state. We furnish all text material, miudiaH fourteen-volum Grant Mitchell, Louise Closser Librgry. Low o t, easy terms. Got our valuable laa- age "law and others Guide" and 'Évidence" books free. Send for them NOW. rest ; and folks from "Pinafore" LaSalle Extension University, Dept. 6384-L Chicago all joined hands. Name The World's Largest Business Training Institution FROM THE ROOSEVELT CONCERTS Street SQUAB BOOK (4 FREE you ever come to New York? Be here Breed squabs and make money. Sold by millions. Do Write at once for free 40 -page book beautifully on a Wednesday, and then you can come to City State printed in colors telling how to do it. r u and in an entirely in- will be surprised. PLYMOUTH RUCK SOUR CO. the Roosevelt Hotel f . 506 H St., Melrose Highlands, Mass. formal manner make yourself at home in the

www.americanradiohistory.com 376 Science and Invention for August, 1926

Grand Ball Room while listening to the free concerts. If not listen in to WRNY. A Brand New JEST AND EARNEST Things I remember especially in recent programs : Johnny Hines acting as master of cere- monies and doing it wonderfully; that' funny man, Harry Hirshfield, telling us all about '300 his famous character, Abie Kabibble. One evening the Hon. Joab H. Banton, District Attorney of New York, came over Radio Prize Contest! to speak on the Constitution. We had lots of fun the nights we did the Rnnio NEWS poem "Degenerative Sets ;" (it appeared in the June issue). TO PANDEMONIUM ITSELF! CiRCUT ATiON l TOUT Of ANT OJALO RAOR. PUBLICATION And speaking of noises, there was the Test your Novelty Night feature, "The Inferno." First time any remote -control Cents line was ever 25 skill in instituted from Satan's domain. Other sta- tions may claim to have been the first to RADIO AUGUST have been anywhere on earth, but WRNY holds the record for getting to hell. North Over 200 assembling NEWS Ro,l ralidos Pole next! The Irvine Players helped and Edited Cr HUGO GEANSBACK did beautifully. a prize And here let me record with reverence, WN CIRCUITT CAN that we broadcast the Fiftieth Anniversary YOU DESIGN of the founding of Ethical Culture, and that FROM THESE PARTS? winning Dr. Felix Adler, its founder and leader, at $300.00 the age of seventy-five, made his first radio IN PRIZES address. Dr. Stephen PACE IOC S. Wise also spoke. circuit- There have been many famous speakers at WRNY this last month. At the Police Dinner of the Legion of Honor, Mayor Walker of New York and Police Commis- OPEN sioner McLaughlin were installed via WRNY. At the Postal Supervisors' dinner, Governor Bartlett, First Assistant Postmas- TO ter General, spoke; so did John J. Kiely, Postmaster of New York; Sir Gilbert Parker, the Canadian romantic novelist, anti ALL other celebrities. RADIO'S GREATEST MAGAZINE History in music was made the night Pauline Watson played the new Morse violin, the first revolutionary change in violins since the days of Stradivarious. RADIO NEWS, Radio's Greatest Magazine, has some- The most beautiful ensemble ever to be broadcast, came to the studio one night re- thing new for every Radio Fan. It's a big prize contest; cently. when Helene Romanoff appeared $300 cash prizes given. All you need to do to get in with Kathleen Karr, Miss Schweinert and on others, all recruited from the Follies, Vani- this contest is to beg, borrow or buy an August issue of ties, etc. this great magazine Lots of information about camps went out now on sale everywhere. In it are this month over the air through the help printed certain symbols for Radio Parts as are used in of the American Schools Association, and Coney Island's opening was celebrated with drawing circuits. Hook the parts together to form the the Thunderbolt over WNRY. Did you best hear it? The Thunderbolt is the newest, circuit you can make from them-and let the judges wildest, thrillingest ride at the Island. of the contest decide whether or not your hook-up is DISCOVERING MANY COMING STARS worthy of a prize. Along with all of these were the regular features of popular, classical and semi -clas- Try it-you have just as sical music, brought by WRNY's favorite FREE Herbert much chance to win as ensemble, Ben Bernie's Orchestra, As a special offer to subscribers Soman's Orlando's Roosevelt Orchestra, Radio News will be sent to your door anyone else. Remember Johnny Camp's boys, and all the rest. for five months for only $1 (regular For the sake of history, I'd like you to newsstand price $1.25) and also we $300 gold in prizes. Get a note these new fine artists who have been will give free with this offer 1 copy of copy of RADIO NEWS heard over WRNY: the great 116 page book "How to David Putterman, youngest cantor and Make It," containing hundreds of il- today. wonderful tenor; Hans Merx, great Wag- lustrated articles on how to make use- nerian baritone; Rose Black, soprano; Fran- ful things at home. The Experimenter ces Sper, "pop" singer de luxe; Hardman Male Quartette, destined to fame ; Dickie ukelele stars EXPERIMENTER PUB. CO., Inc. Publishing Co., Inc. Hughes, one of the best singing on the air; Winthrop Wayne, actress of the 53 Park Place, New York, N. Y. 53 Park Place New York, N. Y. Irvine Players ; Edith Pollack, gifted mem- Gentlemen: I enclose $1 for 5 months' ; La subscription to RADIO NEWS and one ber of the Drawing Room Players FREE copy of "HOW TO MAKE IT." Verne Ellsworth, marvelous contralto; Mar- SOLD ON organist; Name ta Elizabeth Klein, prize-winning Wilma Fekete, who plays violin and piano, Address ALL with one even better than the other ; Clar- brilliant new tenor from City, State ence Bloemaker, the NEWSSTANDS St. Louis; Mary Howard, the unforgettable soprano from San Antonio; George Magis, the French lyric tenor.

www.americanradiohistory.com 377 Science and Invention for August, 1926

Could the Whale Swallow German War Glasses Jonah? By H. WINFIELD SECOR (Continued from page 301)

one of the few members of the whale family provided with teeth. The Finback whale, for example, has no teeth. The average et length of the sperm whale is 65 feet, and the narrow under jaw carrying two rows of large teeth, each tooth being about 2 inches in diameter and 7 inches long, is about 10 to 12 feet in length. . As aforementioned, there are many differ- ent things that could have happened to Jonah HIGH SCHOOL besides his having been swallowed for three 111, days and nights by a whale or big fish. He V might have floated toward shore on the back COURSE IN 8 POWER $9.85 POSTPAID of a whale, and also it is not impossible, These genuine German War Glasses purchased at that under the special conditions obtaining exceptionally advantageous rates of exchange. in the case, he might have been carried in TWO YEARS Manufactured by most prominent of German ep- tical factories. Many were received direct from the the whale's mouth. In a different species of Allied Reparations Commission. Conservative $20.00 whale, as for instance, in the mouth of a value. YOU ARE BADLY if you lack Finest achromatic day and night lenses. 90 m.m. blue whale, twelve men could stand in the objective. Dust and moisture proof. Papillary ad- not justment. Built for service, regardless of cost, ac- mouth, but this whale has a throat more HANDICAPPED training.HighSch cording to strictest military standards. All glasses than 8 inches in diameter, and could not social guaranteed in perfect condition. We have sold You cannot attain business or 90.000 pairs of this model to date. swallow a man whole. He might have float- prominence. You are barred from shipped promptly on receipt of check or money on the back of a dead whale, es- order for $9.85. Positive guarantee of full cash ed ashore a successful business career, from refund if not satisfied. Order your field glasses to- pecially in view of the fact that the waves the leading professions, from well - day. subsided directly after he was thrown into paid civil service jobs, from teaching SWIFT & ANDERSON, Inc. case Successors to the sea by the men on the ship. In the and college entrance. In fact, em- HENDERSON BROTHERS of a sperm whale, there is no room for a ployers of practically all worth -while Largest importers of field glasses in America man to live in the mouth, and he would no positions demand High School train- 91E FEDERAL STREET - BOSTON, MASS. doubt be crushed by the teeth which are ing. You can't hope to succeed in present on the lower jaw, these teeth fit- the face of this handicap. But you ting into the gum sockets in the upper jaw. can remove it. Let the American Taking the other class of known large fish, School help you. Play the FREEenroll namely, the great whales of the Finback HAWAIIAN and the Right species, a man would find him-' FIT YOURSELF FOR A "HAWAIIAN GUITAR self in a `living hell" inside the whale's $15 length of BIG FUTURE This course, and Case mouth, if he stayed there for any which has been prepared by some of GUITAR time. The mouth is filled with a powerful On 4Motbns need In America's leading professors, will Just as the Playing fascinatingtmg tongue on the lower jaw, and in the high é'.enñ re mind, and make you *Natives Do arched upper jaw depends strips of whale broaden your teach ÿóú to master " keen, and capable. It is com- them quickly. Pictures -re bone covered with hair on the lower ex- alert h how.ea Everything ex- l ^I .. plained clearly. tremities. If he was not tickled to death plete, simplified and up-to-date. It Play in Half Hour Easy Lessons hair, he would be suffocated by covers all subjects given in a resident After you get the four Even if you don't know with the easy motions you play one note front another. in the mouth. school and meets all requirements of harmonious chords with the 52 printed lessons l,' whale bone barriers ve.a little No and he clear pictures l \ practice. carried a previouamusicalkaowl- make it easy to learn New York newspapers recently a High School training. From the edge necessary. quickly. Pay as you Play. weird tale of a man supposed to have been lesson to the last you are care- Free Guitar Write at Once first he with having existed d Outfit in Genuine Seal Grain You'll never lonesome swallowed by a whale and fully examined and coached. Fabrikoid Cage as aooe. as you n this beautiful Hawaiian Guitar, roll Nothing to buy-everything Write for special Olfer and carp in his stomach for a day and a half. Dr. furnished. No delay terms. A postcard will do. ACTT his opin- FIRST HAWAIIAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC,MUSIC Inc. Lucas said, "it's a good story," but 8th Floor, Woolworth Bldg., Dept.- 140 New N. Y. chances an ordinary man USE SPARE TINE way Approved as a Correspondence Lame ion of just what pa,Staöl a Fundfnd e today has inside a whale's belly is made Most people idle away fifty hours a clear from the above. There is much food week. Probably you do. Use only The Famous KON-VER-TER Slide Rule thought in these facts about whales, and one -fifth of your wasted hours for Instantly adds. subtracts. divides. for multiplies, converts fractions or doubtless the great fish mentioned in the study and you can remove your decimals of an inch. Gives sines. a very similar co -sines. versed sines, co -versed Bible was a great whale or present handicap within two years. aines, tangents, co -tangents, se- specimen. Both the fundamentalists and the You will enjoy the lessons and the cants ro -secants of angles direct- in their ly. Gives square roots, squares, modernists can make deductions knowledge you will gain will well cube roots, cubes and fifth roots from these considerations. and provers of -all numbers. Log- favor repay the time spent in study. arithms, co -logarithms. anti -log- (Read more about whales in the September arithms. Instructions with rule. DeLuxe Model $3. Cash or C.O.D issue--a most interesting article.) Check and snail the coupon NOW New England Novelty Company full particulars and Free Bulletin. Wakefield, Mass. for Aircraft American School Photographing Dent. HC -26 wP Aviation ti Bombs in Flight DºeueI Ave. and 58th St., Chicago By S. R. WINTERS um RIM alamows aimnw- arm it r am MI Take a (Continued from page 308) W. A C. Crouse American School in Applied Airplane Dept. Drexel Ave. ex. 58th St., Chicago Engineering. Many H0-26 men mom $2000 to $10,000 a year. Big Free Send me full information on the subject checked outfit of airplane parts. write for Free catalog. axis horizontal and is provided with a plane and how you will help me win success. WESTERN AiRPLANE CORPORATION mirror set at 45 degrees in order to give the Architect ....Lawyer Building Contractor Machine Shop Practivu "Dept S-8" Monadnock Bldk.. Chicago. Ill. lens axis a bend of 90 degrees. Automobile Engineer Photoplay Writer features of this camera sys- Automobile Repairman Mechanical Engineer The structural Civil Engineer Shop Superintendent tem fade into relative insignificance in com- Structural Engineer Employment Mama= BIG BOOK 10cí - parison with the things it must perform to Business Manager Steam Engineer Be a Man of 1ltysieryi Amaze and Cert. Public Accountant Foremanship Mystify your frterds Easy critical tests of officials of the Accountant and Auditor Sanitary Engineer to satisfy the Surveyor (& Mapping) learn This New 80 -page Copy- it Bookkeeper righted Book tells how Large Ordnance Department. Vire are told that Draftsman and Designer Telephone Engines, t'atslog of Magic Tricks, Electrical Engineer Telegraph Engineer Jokes, must make either directly, at least thirteen Power High School Grajuat- l imported Electric Light & 0zzlcs and Novelties or afford the basis for their General Education Fire Insurance Expel.. included. Send 10c today! observations, Vocational Guidance Wireless Radio LYLE DOUGLAS These are as fol- Law Undecided Station A 3. Dallas, mathematical calculations. Business Texas lows: height of airplane, speed of airplane, direction of flight both with respect to ver- Name Insure your copy reaching yod each month. Sub.. tical and horizontal positions, point of re- bomb, óddreaa.».«...... to SCIENCE & INVENTION, $2.50 a year. lease of the bomb, time of release of scribe 379) Experimenter Publishing Co., 53 Park PL. N.Y.C. (Continued on page

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lllllllnnnl,Immlmlln,nln11,n,,,.,.nn, n,n,,,1,,,1,,,11n,1,nl,,,,.1,,,,.,,n,nnnn,,,.n,nminmu.n.mlmn,,,n.nnnn,nnlnnllI,nnll,n,nann. Published by SOLD ON ALL NEWSSTANDS EXPERIMENTER PUBLISHING CO. If your newsdealer cannot supply you, order direct. 53 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science end Invention for August, 1926 379 Photographing Aircraft S75AWEEK Bombs in Flight BUILDING RADIO SETS. (Cnntilutl'tl froid page 377) In Your Spare IM Time 'nclination of bomb when released, state of -; oscillation of bomb, velocity of wind with Join the Radio Association of America. respect to speed and direction at the height Learn how to build and repair sets. The of the airplane, point and time of impact of Association will train you-start you out in business, if you wish. Be the radio the bomb, and both the wind and atmospheric "doctor" of your còmmunity. $3 an hour conditions. upwards easily made. Of course, there are many accessories or EARNS $500 IN SPARE HOURS assisting agencies, which may be said to aid "I have at last found myself," writes and abet these two cameras in their ambi- Lyle Follick, Lansing, Mich. "I have al- ready made over $500." Werner Eichler, tious program of achievement. For instance, Rochester, N. Y., writes, "....have made there is a chronograph, specially designed, over $50 a week in my spare time." Our of a drum driven by clockwork, members are starting radio stores, increas- consisting ing their salaries, securing better posi- which keeps time records. Time signals "What would I do tions, passing radio operator examinations, from the Naval Observatory are a source earning big money in spare time. of precise checking of the pens on this if I lost my job?" JOIN ASSOCIATION NOW! time -recording device. The pen recording SUPPOSE your employer notified you to -morrow Are you interested in Radio for pleasure or the release of the bomb from the airplane that he didn't need you any longer? Hava profit? Join now because we have a Special you any idea where you could get another Plan whereby your membership need not cost in flight is actuated by a radio receiving receives a signal from the flying position? ou a cent. Only limited number of these set which Don't have this spectre of unemployment hanging memberships acceptable. Write now for de- craft automatically when the bomb shackle yourself to do soma ails-before it is too late. over your head forever. Train is opened. Also, the release of the bomb one thing so well that your services will be in de- MAIL THIS COUPON off a smoke puff on the airplane which mand. Employers don't discharge such men. They sets promote them! Radio Association of America, warns the camera plotters of the moment to get Dept. 6E, 4513 Ravenswood Ave.. Chicago Decide to -day that you are going the ape Send me details of your Special Radio Association of the release. Smoke from this ignited cialized training you must have if you are ever Membership Plan. puff of powder shows which way the wind going to get-and keep-a real job at a real salary. Name if you really try. is blowing, thus affording data relating to It is easy Address Right at home, in the odds and ends of spare time City State the velocity and direction of the wind. that now go to waste, you can prepare for the ma The time of impact of the bomb is re- position you want in the work you like best. For layed to the chronograph by its explosion the International Correspondence Schools will train you just as they are training thousands of other actuating a microphone, the latter being matter where you live-no matter what f' men-no 'Ja located in a pit in the bombing field of the your circumstances. A Cinch Aberdeen Proving Grounds. The visual sig- At least find out how, by marking and mailing nal from the tower, shown in one of the the coupon printed below. There's no cost or obligation, and it takes only a moment of your time, to Make photographs reproduced with this article, is but it may be the means of changing your whole life. sent by pressing a button at the instant when a Week Zs Mail the Coupon To -day! e . an observer notes the bomb leaving the air- In Spare Time plane. This, however, is not a reliable in- INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS dex to the time of the release of the bomb. Box 6248-D, Scranton, Penna. Amazing new home -study method makes it Oldest and largest correspondence schools in the world easy to learn to make big -paying clever Waste and extravagance in exploding bombs, Without cost, please tell me how I can qualify for the show cards. Great demand. No talent the airplane is beyond the range of position or in the subject before which I have marked an$: and illus- when needed. Write for special offer vision of the camera system, is avoided by BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES trated Free book to Washington Show Card [[['''Business Management Salesmanship School, Room 268-D, 1115 -15th St., N. W., flashing a smoke signal when conditions for L] Industrial Management Advertising Washington, D. C. Personnel OrganizattO1 Better Letters operation are opportune. This smoke signal Traffic Management Show Card Lettering is touched off when the release is desired and Business Law Stenography and Typing Banking and Banking Law Business English ATTENTION! the bomber is thus put on the alert. That Accountancy (including C.P.A.) Civil Service The Ross Radio ring is a min- bomb must be released at once; other- Nicholson Cost Accounting Railway Mail Cleric is, the Bookkeeping Common School Subbeets iature crystal radio receiving a delay would cause the bomb to High School Subjects set. Wear it as a ring-use wise slight Private Secretary light at a point too far away to actuate the Spanish ['French Illustrating it as a radio. With a phone TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSE$ and aerial brings in local sta- microphone in the pit. Electrical Engineering Architect tions clearly and distinctly. The Ordnance Department, by means of Electric Lighting 'Architects' Blueprints Results guaranteed or money Mechanical Engineer Contractor and Builder [ Architectural Draftsman refunded. this ingenious apparatus, is planning to drop ] Mechanical Draftsman 20,000 feet. The Machine Shop Practice Concrete Builder PRICE 5OC. POSTPAID bombs from an altitude of Railroad Positions Structural Engineer recording of visual images of aircraft and Gas Engine Operating Chemistry Pharmacy Cívíl Engineer Automobile Work AMERICAN BAZAAR, INc. bombs at such relatively great heights re- Surveying and Mapping Airplane Engines of the camera Metallurgy D Mining Agriculture and Poultry Radio Department quires accurate adjustments Engineering D Radio ['Mathematics system. Steam 640 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY In leveling the range of the vertical cam- Name era a clever arrangement has been devised. Street on tho Taking the designation of a bird cage, the Address principle of operation involves an optical City Stato Cd6orrsë , arrangement for obtaining a reflection from Occupation each surface of the lens. That is, in order reside in Canada, send this coupon to the Interna- If you Limited, Montrecl Special Summer Rate to level the lens, the reflections of a white tional Correspondence Schools Canadian Learn chords and jazz as used by pro- fessionals. A special course on chord ring are brought concentric. Adjustment of work written so plain anyone can le'iro is not quite so compl:- nuickly, by John Martell, author ct the oblique camera honks. Write free information. necessary to adjust the m,sny for cated, it only being BIG VALUES I N GENUINE N.Y.INSTITUTE of MUSIC (DpLS). 143 E.3 Ur St., N.Y.C. rotating axis of the mirror to horizontal and at right angles to the base line. Then \` the mirror is adjusted to 45 degrees with 'DIAMONDS the lens -axis, thus obtaining the zero read- CASH OR CREDIT= ing when the line reflected by the mirror Blue -white quality gems at lowest No. 12 possible prices. We import our into the lens is horizontal. $97.50 Diamonds direct from Europe and Wonderful, new device, guides your band; corrects Probably no camera system ever designed $250 a week sell direct to you. You get most your welting in few days. Big improvement in three The blueond ,-white value for your money when you bourn. No failures. Complete outline FREE, has had imposed upon it so many functions Dmar-vel of beauty set deal with Loftis, the Direct Im- Write C. J. Ozment, Dept. 44 St. Louis, Mo. - inahandengrav- porter. Satisfaction Guaranteed that must be performed simultaneously and ea or Money Back. hited go d with scrupulous accuracy. It seems well- mt e. Terms: All goods delivered on pay- nigh ii:credible that this mechanical eye of ment of one -tenth purchase price. Read Balance weekly, semi-monthly, or the Ordnance Department can faithfully Several special monthly at your convenience. AMAZING STORIES record the moment as well as the point of 18-K white gold Big Catalog Free! Write for It today! The Amazing Magazine of Scientifiction release of a bomb from an airplane and at rings set with -white Stories that grip the imagination, interesting the same time render it possible to calculate blue Dia- from cover to cover. monds, $37.50. LOTIS the velocity of the wind, speed and direction Terms 51.00 a ROS.&CO.fra 25c THE COPY of the airplane and make ten or more other week; others Dept. C22 .108 N.Stato St.,Chleago,m. SOLD ON ALL NEWSSTANDS painstaking and accurate observations,. $25 and up. 77-r Old Iriianm ,-ioinoiereditewelera

www.americanradiohistory.com 3SO Science and Invention for August, 1926 You Can Add LqjF MKS NSGrhUpgtj 94CfdopFNñ r t0 . k , `OY 15 Years to Al11Pt[tsle,u, MfySleAt 'ftyrif.AC Your Life!

At least 60', of physical and mental misery is prevent- able and curable. In fact the life of the average person would be prolonged 15 years if people knew how to rule their health as they do their actions.

ENCYCLOPEDIA of PHYSICAL CULTURE New 6th Edition ° Completely Revised L

FROM maturity to old age the break- comprehensive and complete in every sense. It is If you care to pay cash you may do so by sending ing down or wearing out of vital or- the crowning effort of Bernarr Macfadden's rich, us only $31.50. This represents a 10% discount. full experience in the science of health and physical If you purchase the set we will include with it gans is in process. But because there culture. You haven't any idea how valuable it will membership in our Special Advice Department, be to you, or how many dollars it will help you maintained is no or noticeable symptoms the victim save and equipped to serve you. This service pain each year. What, for instance, would it be worth in alone may well be worth the price of the Encyclo- ignores the little signals of warning which actual dollars to you to be able to instantly identify pedia. nature is constantly issuing until face to in its earliest stages any sickness that might over- Remember, no money now, and no obligation to a dangerous disease. take you or any member of your family. What purchase. You simply agree to return the books at face with would it mean to you to have glorious health, al- the end of ten days in case you decide not to When one is easily exhausted, even with a most complete freedom from sickness or disease, no keep them. moderate amount of work-or suffers from doctor's bills to meet, no hospital bills to pay, no days of suffering or worry, no salary lost through headache, loss of appetite, a cold in the head absence from business? or on the chest, a dull ache across the back, spots before the eyes, ringing in the ears, "One of the Best A Complete Education ill these are all signals, the neglect of which Works on Health may lead to serious-perhaps fatal-illness. Ever Published," says one writer Physical Culture Yet the cause of degenerative changes are preventable if taken in time. In fact, you Thousands of letters have been written to Ber - r`HIS set of five volumes contains a narr Macfadden commending his Encyclopedia of -I complete can rule your health as surely as you rule Physical Culture. One (name furnished upon re- education on Physical your actions. Bernarr Macfadden, the quest) says "Permit me to thank you for the great Culture and Natural Curative Methods world's outstanding exponent of physical work by Mr. Macfadden-The Encyclopedia of -the equivalent of twenty compre- Physical Culture-which I got from you some time hensive books on culture, has, perhaps, had more experience last month. I have read much of it already, and con- the following phases than any other one person in guiding thou- sider it to be one of the best books on health ever of health and vitality building: and ill health published. I wish to thank Mr. Macfadden for his sands from physical weakness great work. The Encyclopedio is going to be my (1) A complete work on Anatomy fully Illustrated. back to wonderful health and vigor. Out of best doctor now and always." (2) A Physiology in plain language, and embrac- this great experience he has built Another man writes: "I cannot express the ing many illustrations. (3) A relable and comprehensive handhcok on wonderful, value of these great books and feel they Dieti will lead me to a successful married life, as I have The Encyclopedia of recently married. They are a plain, sensible and (4) A complete Cook Book. priceless guide to a perfect physical life." (5) A book on Exercise in its Relation to Health. 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(9) A complete handbook ment of virile manhood and womanhood, binding has been changed to a beautiful all Fab- on Beauty -Culture. and happy successful parenthood, together rikoid, more durable than leather. Altogether it (10) The most complete and extensive work on is the finest edition of the Encyclodepia ever issued. Pasting ever published. with details for correct diagnosis and treat- (I1) A comprehensive work on Hydrotherapy, in- ment of all sexual diseases. It contains cluding water treatments of every variety. and 10 Days, of (12) A book on Mechanical Therapeutics giving many handsome charts on anatomy Free Examination Entire full details and scores of pages rf illustra- physiology. tions of physcultopathic treatments. Set No Money Needed (13) A thorough work on First Aid with drugless It is neither dull nor technical, but is methods. This is the most liberal offer we (14) A lavishly illustrated work on Diagnosis, giv- have ever made on the Encyclo- ing plainly written instructions for detect- MACFADDEN PUBLICATIONS, INC. pedia -10 days' examination of ing diseases of every sort, and finding their Dept. SC -8, Macfadden Building SPECIAL OFFER the entire set at no expense to you. cause. 1926 Broadway, New York City There is no money needed-no de- (15) A comprehensive illustrated book on Home posit to pay. Just fill in the coupon Treatment for All Diseases, alphabetically Send me for 10 Days' inspection the five volumes of the En- and we will send the five volumes arranged and written in plain language. cyclopedia of Physical Culture. If I find the set satisfactory I to you, all shipping charges pre- (16) An Anatomy of the Sexual Organs. will either send $2.00 in ten days and $3.00 a month until paid, for your inspection. (17) Sexual Weakness and Disease, their Cause $35.00 has been paid, or $31.50 cash. If I decide not to keep Take ten days to examine the and Cure. the books I will return them in 10 days postpaid. I understand set. Then if you decide to pur- (15) Rules for Happy Marriage and Parenthood. this offer includes membership in your Advice Department. chase send us only $2.00 as your (19) A complete work on Childbirth-how to make Foreign orders-Cash in advance first payment. Additional payments it safe and comfortable. may be made at the rate of only (50) A practical work nn the Training of Children. Name $3.00 a month until the total cost of $35.00 has been paid. Occupation Residence Inc. Employed by MACFADDEN PUBLICATIONS, Business Address Dept. SC -8, 1926 Broadway, New York

www.americanradiohistory.com 381 Science and Invention for August, 1926 BUILDING TRADES How to Build a Day -Bed MEN By WILLIAM M. BUTTERFIELD NEED TRAINED (Continued from paye 325) Thousands of good positions at good salaries Tremendous, big -paying opportunities THE building trades are open for ambitious men in Mod- inside lower edges of the front and back still booming. ern Photography. This is the picture frame. are age. Magazine and newspaper publish- side rails to support the spring Trained men are in de- ers buy thousands of photographs each The second design calls for end boards 37" year. sendser mand at good salaries. high pricedy pictuT sofr his products. long with tenons 6" long, /" wide and 3/" experts Every home wants portraits. Photog- Government J' raphy is a business running into deep. These boards are 13" wide and y4" estimate that millions of dollars each year. thick with a capping piece 4" x 2" set in a And there is a great shortage of billions of -- Got $100 for trained photographers. straight line above 5" x 2" cut outs at Flood Pictures dollars will "I took are pictures $3,000 to $10,000 a Year either end of sash board. The side rails be spent for of it flood and Earn long, each have sold them for Hundreds of men are earning 6" wide, 3/4" thick and 81" construction - $100. I have big money and establishing their tenons X" wide, 3%" deep and 3/" long at this year. been able to buy own businesses. Even during ley house and lot spare time, while training, you each end. The corner pieces are 18" long Today the most vital need of this great from the sale of can make $75 a week easily- 6" tapered to pictures." no matter where you live! 2r/2" square, with legs long building program is men-trained men- C' . M. Cole, Washington. PA"" at lower end. They have mortises cut men who can step right in and do the skilled Amazing New Easy Method $97 in 2 Days! to fit tenons on end boards and side rails as work that building construction requires. "I made $285 in I show you at home, how to do cut December. Went the kind of work turned out by shown in layout. Each is set 1" above There is a simple, easy, practical way out two days last the big studios in New York outs on the end boards and is capped with by which you can prepare for a better posi- week o n home and Chicago! I show you how to days! You do it portrait w o r Is snake big money within 30 /" x 3" blocks. tion, at a bigger salary. can and made $97." C. M. Cole bought a home with spare time, no matter A. G. Hughes, money he had made when only The third style is the same as the second right at home, in Kentucky. half way through his training. that the capping pieces where you live, through the International So well do I know what I can with the exception do for you that I guarantee on each end board is curved to a radius of Correspondence Schools. under bond to return every cent of your tuition If you of 13,928 students en- are not thoroughly satisfied. four feet, with the boards cut to fit the cap- A recent investigation ping pieces. The corner pieces are 17" long, rolled in I. C. S. Building Trades Courses Professional View Camera FREE! showed that 1921 had become Architects ; 246 Offer 21/2" with legs 6" long tapered to Write at once for Free Camera square, had become Designers ; 494 had become Chief -I give you, free. a splendid Pro- corner piece top set flush with fessional view camera. You will be 1A". The Draftsmen; 2827 had become Draftsmen; 1845 astonished and delighted. This offer the bottom of the 5" x 2" cut outs on the had become Contractors ; 211 had open for short time only - so act No obligation. end boards. become Assistant Foremen; 4030 quick! Foremen; 2354 had INTERNATIONAL STUDIOS. Inc. The tenons on the end boards are cut, fit- had become Dept. 1420 ted and pinned fast in their mortises in the become Superintendents. 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago. Ill. corner pieces before the mortises for the You, too, can have the position then cut you want in the work you like SENT A^; 'rWHERE ON IO DAYS FREE TRIAL side rails are cut-the mortises are best; an income that will give BIG POWERFUL as though the joined parts were solid wood, you and your family the home, 5TUBE side rails are GUARANTEED lYilleAcOultmS afterwards the tenons on the the comforts, the luxuries yoe everywhere report through the tenons on the would like them to have. Users coa fitted into and Casada to Gulf, lead and end boards. The measurements for tenons, a speaker;t outperforms Mail the Coupon for otharEuete. Many mortises, side rails and end boards are the hear Europe. Mar- Free Booklet velous v etoeera QP for the second style of YOU. Retan same as those given estimonv convince TEAR OUT HERE FACTORY bed. /WRACO is used INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS PRICES -SAVE Any desired style of wire spring Box Scranton, Penna. (RADIO 6250-D, 1/3TOt/2 Smaller for these day -bed designs. They are designed OIdest and largest correspondence schools In tic world Sets $13,75 up,retail, Explain, without obligating me, how I can qualify for on latest GEtS'EM for a single size (72" x 28"), this size leaves FREE! Literature the position, or in the subject, belore which I mark X. Ito 5 tube models,Agents COAST 2b frame new low prices an Dealers) 1" clear space all around between the ARCHITECT Plumber and Steam Fitter SPECIAL OFFER I Write! COAST be necessary to order the Architectural Draftsman ELECTRICAL ENGINEER MIDWEST RADIO CORPORATION and spring. It will Architects' Blueprints Electric Lighting and Rys. Pioneer Builders of Seta This Ohio spring made especially for the beds. Contractor and Builder in MECHANICAL ENGINEER 409 B -E 13th St.. Cincinnati. store and the D Building Foreman Show Card and Sign Painting can be done at any furniture in Concrete Builder BUSINESSMANAGEMENT cost will be about one dollar over the Structural Engineer private Secretary Agents extra Structural Draftsman Business Correspondent regular price of any better make of bed D Heating and Ventilation BOOKKEEPER Wanted Plumbing Inspector Stenographer and Typist Use and In- f`. spring-it should not be over $1.50 at the Titrodduce MELLINGER CORD TIRES Foreman Plumber PP Higher Accounting Sheet Metal Worker COMMERCIAL LAW most. School Subjects 15,000 UARANTEED The mattress should fit the inside of the D Surveying and Mapping MathematicsMathematti Lowest Wholesale Prices in Amer- may be in the form of D Electric wiring D GOOD ENGLISH ica. Shipped prepaid on approval. Make bed very closely, and Telegraph Engineer ILLUSTRATING money or time. No capita I or big all part a cushion or thin mattress, either with or Telephone Work Railway Mail Clerk experience. Sample freedom furnished. to Mechanical Draftsman CIVIL SERVICE FREE! without ruffles sewed at their upper edges Toolmaker Mining Engineer TOUR TIRES D Engine Operating yy end nmbdga oeFR:2.92K4221 the mattress at the front and back ID Machine Shop Practice Doss bSiomp the top of CHEMIST STATIONARY ENGINEER Offer. Paces and FREE Kit. sides. A cushion covering made in this way D Pharmacy D Textile Overseer or Supt MELLINGER TIRE & RUBBER CO. JI ' ald'iih greatest amount Navigation D TRAFFIC MANAGER Dept. 411. Kansas City, Mo. WRITE will stay in place with the D SALESMANSFIIW AUTOMOBILES Spanish Dept. 451, Philadelphia, Pa. NEAREST of hard usage, for it fits into and below the ADVERTISING El AGRICULTURE French Dept. OFFICE Trimmer Poultry Railing Radio 4 L 1, Oakland. Calif. tipper edges of the frame just as a mattress Window D fits into any bedstead. Name govern Occupation Business eme111ade Cafldieef The accompanying furniture should & Employer Address the choice of wood, stain and finish for the - Torn kitchen, basement or room in- Street and No to a small candy shop and make handsome bed. just as it should the choosing of mat- income from very first day. New up-to- City State the-minute home -study course, prepared by tress or of cushions. Canadians man send this coupon to International Corre- man who made a big success in the candy it may be necessary to glue nar- spondeuce Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada business himself, gives tested recipes and Perhaps b- complete i nstrurti Free row pieces together, using tongue and groove bookexplains. Send for copy THE MIDGET SLIDE RULE 1.e:`t- joints, to obtain the specified widths of back adds, mul- today. instantly subtracts, end boards. If it is done care must he tiplies. divides, solves propor- THE CAPITOL CANDY SCHOOL rail or tion, gives all rocs and pow- Dept. K8, 631 Penn. Ave., Washington. D.C. taken to put the pieces together with the ers. Logarithms, Sines. Cuis- as to prevent warp- ines, Tangents, Cotangents. Etc Regular Black and White heart side reversed so Also gives decimal equivalents. Photos Finished Quickly ing as much as possible, and not to use lettered and numbered drill and CAMERA SENSATION! Inside the Camera tap sizes. joined places for tenons or mortises-mak- more The "Keller -Camera" is absolutely new. Inexpensive Kel- More than 110,000 sold, which any number of mortises or tenons instead of one if than 2000 unsolicitated testi- ler -cards are used as negatives from ing two monials. The Engine -divided regular black and white photos can be made in the camera finished job have necessary. For a better scales are on white finished aluminum and are grease and on these same Keller -cards. No films-no plates-no dark- with Instruction Book, reversed on these pictures grain of wood at different angles at the waterproof. Diameter 4". Price room necessary. Objects are not Carrying Case, 50c extra, Cash or C. O. D. which are 3'/,x5r/u inches. Cards, developer and fixing solu- $1.50. Pocket and selling 'oints. Catalogue free. Your money bark if you are not satisfied. tion cost little. You can make big money taking RULE COMPANY. - NILES. MICH. cameras or doing both. GILSON SLIDE MINUTEnelling CAMERA eCO., 439 Canal St., De t. 334 RNEW pOWNand home office, Norwalk, Conn.) YORK. (Factory KINK" NEW "AUTO CONCERTINA --Plays by Rolls DEPARTMENT .or. js Pamphlets Played by tq Free Brainy Diet BY Anyone with- , , Postpaid "Fat, oil, butter, cream and eggs certainly caused my WELL-KNOWN EXPERT out Knowledge catarrh and deafness. but your diet of lean meats, green Latest vegetables, fruits. etc., restored me in a few weeks. My WILL APPEAR IN EARLY NUMBER. of Music Music brain power and complexion improved tremendously, and I WATCH FOR IT. succeeded financially." Educational Booklet 10e. BRINKLER CHARLES PITTLE & CO., New Bedford, Mass. SCHOOL OF EATING, Dpt.61H 131 West 72nd St., New York.

www.americanradiohistory.com 382 Science and Invention for August, 1926

Opportunity Ad -lets YOU will find many remarkable opportunities and real bargains in these columns. It will pay you read every month by reliable firms, dealers to and investigate the offerings made and amateurs from all over the country. No matter what you may be seeking, whether automobile accessories, the opportunity to make money, or anything else, you will find supplies, month. listed here the best and moat attractive specials of the Advertisements in this section twelve cents a word for each insertion. Name and address accompany all classified must be included at the above rate. Cash should advertisements unless placed by an accredited advertising agency. No advertisement for Ten per cent discount for 6 issues, less than 10 words accepted. 20 per cent discount for 12 issues. Objectionable or misleading advertisements not accepted. tisements for the October issue must reach us not later than August 10th. Adver- The Circulation of Science and Invention is over 150,000 and climbing every EXPERIMENTER month PUBLISHING CO., INC., 53 Park Place, New York City, N. Y.

Advertisers Agents Wanted (Continued) Business Opportunities Interesting Advertisers, clubs, big savings. Pay when Steady income forming megazine clubs. Lists, literature. Fret Book. Start little Mail Order business. Pier, 996 replies received. Speneervlew Agencies, West Los Angeles, testimonials free. Speucrrey's Agencies, West Los Angeles, Cortland Street, New York. Calif. Calif. You can have a business -profession of your own and earn Thaxly Formulas, Processes, Trade -Secrets produce per- big income In service fees. A new system of foot correction; Agents Wanted fect products. Latest, fast -selling specialties in all lines. readily learned by anyone at home in a few weeps. Easy Send for interesting catalog, circulars, money -back guaran- terms for training, openings everywhere with all the trade tee and "What Our Clients Say." D. manly Co., Wash- you can attend to. No capital required or goods to buy, no Agents-Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair for tires and ington, D. C. agency or soliciting. Address Stephenson Laboratory, 18 tubes; supersedes vulcanization at a saving of over 800 per Back Bay, Boston, Mass. put cent; it on cold. It vulcanizes itself In two minutes and Gold Initials, easily applied on Automobiles. Biggest 1s guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube; sells to moneymaker t day. Cost Sr, you Stop Plodding! Be owner get $1.50. No experience Successful. Operate a Tire Repair every auto and accessory dealer. For particulars how needed. Free Samples. "Rates)" Monograms, 1043 Wash- Shop. Make big profita in any locality. We tench you and to make big money and free sample, address Amazon Rubber ington, Iieston, Mass. furnish complete equipments $100 up. Book of Opportunity Co., Dept. 601, Philadelphia, Pa. free. Haywood's, .312 South Oakley Avenue, Chicago. Ten Dollars A Day. Six days a week selling McNees Big money and fast sales. Every owner buys gold ini- Products. The repeat business does it. Qualify for Resi- Responsible Manufacturer wants competent men to man- tials for his auto. You charge $1.50; make $1.35. Ten dent Manager and add as much or more to your own earn- age office and salesmen. $300 to $1500 necessary; will al- orders daily easy. Write for particulars and free samples. ings. A 111g Opportunity for a real worker. Write Furst - low expenses to Trenton if you qualify.. Address Manager, American Monogram Co., Dept. 71, East Orange, N. J. McNees Co., 508, Sunlight Bldg., Freeport, Ill. 536 Forst Richey Bldg.. Trenton, N. J.

If I send you a Suit made in the latest style front the Make $50-$100 weekly, Spare or full time, 74 business finest goods, will you kern it, wear it, and show it to your plans, 500 trade secrets. $1. Lavan Service, 20A, 241 friends as a sample of my sensational $23.50 suits guaran- Airplanes, Aviation West 22nd Street, New York City. teed regular $30.00 values'? Could you use $3.00 an hour for a little spare tinte? If so, write me at once for my Stocks-Bonds, Domestic -Foreign, bought -sold. wonderful new proposition. Just write your name and ad- Three foot flying model aeroplanes, 12 inch mounted pro- Dealers peller for 25e. Aero in all marketable securities. Frank X. Everett & Co., 20 dress on a card and mail to Dept. 330, Salesmanager, 133 Shop, 3050 Hurlbut Ave., Detroit, Broad St, New York. So. Peoria St., Chicago. Miels. Succeed-Our twenty scientific week. Genuine Gold processes put you wise. $60-$200 a Letters for store win- Learn to Fly! Write for booklet Robertson Aircraft Excellent. 50c. No stamps. Holland, Iiax C-473, Astoria, dows. Easily applied. Free samples. Liberal offer to Corp., Anglum, Me. Oregon. general agents. Metallic Letter Co., 441 B., North Clark, There is big money staking Chicago. Curtiss Pulitzer Racer construction set, including plans soap, Shoe polishes, Laundry and bleach, Hair dyes, Tooth paste, Iron, China and Leather genuine Curtis Reed propeller $4.00 postpaid. Special cements, How to engrave on steel, and many other depend- $10 daily silvering mirrors, plating and refinishing lamps, offer: Scientific airgilder with ground launching device 50e able formulas. Full particulars hew to make reflectors, autos, beds, chandeliers by new method. postpaid. 35e E. V. 75e. and sell. Can Outfits Curtiss plans S. 75c-Leoning be made at home. 50 cents. No stamps. Ward, 1020, furnished. - Write Gunmetal Co., Ave. I), Decatur, Ill. Big catalog listing latest types of model airplanes, boats Trail, B. C., Canada. rind supplies 5c. Phipps Company, 367 Wilson Ave., Brook- Bankrupt and Rummage Sales. Make $50.00 daily. We lyn, N. Y. m111111111,1111 1 1 1m1m1n111111111111n111nn111111n111nnnun start you, furnishing everything. Distributors, Dept. 171, 609 1111n1n1n1nnI1n111 11 1 1,11.111111,. Division, Chicago. Business Service Wash clothes the new way. Use the Torrent Automatic Representation in Washington, D. C., mail address. Washer. You trill be delighted. Special offer to one in Manufacturers. Accountants. earls locality. Storm Royulty Co., 3602 Enright Ave.. Patent Attorneys and ethers, St. Louis, Mo. -PROOF -., write. Service 517 Eresge Bldg.. Washington. D. C. Make Money Silvering Mirrors, refinishing auto head- lights, tableware, metal plating, bed steads, chandeliers. That Classified Advertising in Chemistry Outfits furnished. International Laboratories, Dept. 69, 309 Fifth Ave., New York. ' Science & Experimenters, Chemical Apparatus-Radio catalogs. 1000 Invention illustrºtien.s. Price 21e refunded on $5.00 order. Laboratory Over 100% Profit. Self Lighting Gas and Clear Light- Materials Company, 031 East 71st St, Chicago. ers. Everybody interested, repeat business. Sell individ- Pays Radium salts priced to suit every experimenter's purse. uals, dealers, subagents. Particulars FREE. S. I. Bern- Also carnotite and phosporescent hardt, 127 West 30th, New York. materials. Enclose nickel for descriptive price -list, refunded on $5.00 order. S. New Camera finishes regular black and white photo- Printing Presses. Mach inery.Type. Paper.Cards Sayers, 10 Mansion Ave., Atlantic City. graphs inside camera quickly. Make money taking photos, Supplies

1 1 1 1111,1111 1,11 1 1 1 11 1 i 1 1 11 11, 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 selling cameras. Crown. 439 Canal. u 11.111 111 111 m n n n m n u n n n u n n 11 1 m u n 11 m 11 u 11111,11 Dept. 510, New York. THE KELSEY PRESS COMPANY ,. Agents-New Plan, makes it easy to earn $50.00 to Meriden, $100.00 weekly, selling shirts dirert to wearer. No capital Conn. Correspondence Courses or experience needed. B^present a real manufacturer. Write April 29, 1926 now for FREE SAMPLES. Madison Company, 566 Broad- SCIENCE & INVENTION: Used correspondence school courses. All kinds. sold way. New York. We have advertised under the; rame of The on repurchase basis. Big saving. Money back guarantee. Press Co. its SCIENCE & INVENTION for Lists free. (Courses bought). Lee Mountain, Pisgah, Ala- Vaculfte, supreme Auto Trouble Light. Vacuum base quite a number of years. We check results very bama. sticks anywhere. Greatest seller conceivable. Tiro dozen closely and we know that it is a profitable sales daily are easy and net you over $1000 monthly. Liter- medium to use. ature free. Write, Vaculite Co., Santa Monica, Calif. Successful Speaking and Reading by famous Robert Your, very truly, Donning (Shakesuer(n Actor). Complete course red:;ced General Agents Wanted far marvelous Ford lubricator. from ten to five dollars cash. Limited time. Dietz Press, Perfected by mechanical engineers of University of Wash- TITI. KELSEY PRESS CO. Richmond, Virginia. ington. Energetic men with vision. first to apply. will reap big Write Unilever Lubricator, Lewiston. profits. Idaho. 111111111111111111111111 rrrrr on 11111111n111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1m,1nn11111111111111111111n1n11111nn11nnnn111mn1111n11111 Salesmen Selling to Men. We have logical side line for you that will sell along with any other line you may now -still another one Educational be handling and Probably make more money for you, pro- vided you are now selling to men. Get full facts at once Correspondence courses. All schools. Lowest prices. Terms. by addressing Sales Massager, 850 West Adams, Dept. 918, Magic Tricks Books Novelties Catalog Free. Mention Subject. Fred. Goetz, 440-H Sansome, Chicago. GOERGES PELTIER San Francisco. 58 Mass. Agents wanted. To sell Ray -O -Lite cigar and gas light- Skeele Street, Willimansett, Be a Laboratory Expert. Earn $300 to $300 monthly. ers. Big earnings. Sample 50e. Rapid Mfg. Co., 790-L SCIENCE & INVENTION: Study Micmhloingy. Sanitation. Day, Evening Classes. Broadway, New York. Advertising in SCIENCE & INVENTION Diplomas, Degrees Granted. Free 71 -Piece Outfit to Stud- Agents: Mendere, Mends all fabrics and hosiery. Mend- surely brings the desired results. I have been ents. \Velte for Free Prospectus Today. International Col- Mfe. 520 advertising for a few months in your magazine lege eze Cs.. N. 70 St.. Birmingham. Ala. and, I am very satisfied. of Microbiology, 7204 Grand Ave., Chicago, Ill, Would you risk a le postal against the chance to make Sincerely yours, 1 1 111 11 11 $5 to $15 daily during Ilse next four months introducing an GOERGES PELTIER. 11111 1 1 1 1 1111 n111 n u 1 n 1 1, 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 n11 11 l1 1111 1 1 111,11,,,1,111 n 11 m 11111111,1 1 1 1 1 1111,1, m n absolutely new line of Insured Hosiery-guarantied 12 months. YOUR PAY DAILY. Monthly bonus extra. 5ía^e- Farms, Land, Etc. nificent sample outfit furnished. If so send name and ad- dress to --Quechee Textile Company, Card 6708, Cincinnati, See Rates at Top Opposite Ozark Land; 10 acres near White hiver and proposed Ohio. Dixie Lake, $100, $5 monthly. Asa Zimmerman, 1800 N. Real Selling Sensation! Tremendous earnings whole or Page Then Send Your Order. Fifth, Kansas City, Kansas. part time! Patented Het Water Bottle Invention needed everywhere. Big commissions. Extra bonus. We deliver. ',11111111111111111111..111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111311111111,111,1g Write quick, 0819 Loitl Corp.. Middleboro. Mass. Agents: Be my partner. Make $15.00 daily: ride In Automobile Owners For Ford Owners Chrysler closed car: show samples: distribute teas, coffee, extracts, things pennte eat. This unusual offer to Our Timer raises eptres, a Geld Monogram on your car. 10 cents per Ford Owners, Distributors. Bracket the first person answering in your locality. Write or wire Put initial. tim^r UP from grease and dirt. Wills wipe contact rotor $3.50, Products Co., Dept. 30H, State initials desired. Linden Specialty Co., 110 West health -O -Quality Cincinnati, Chicago, Ill. 10 days' free trial. Croft Automotivve Sales, Montpelier, Ohio 112th !'lace, Ohto. Agents: Our new household cleaning device washes and dries windows, sweeps. cleans walls, scrubs. mops. Costs less than brooms. Over half Profit. Write Harper Brush Battle Photos and War Relics Works, 504 -3rd St, Fairfield, Iowa. For Inventors Agents: 90e an hour to advertise and distribute samples For Dens: Relics Collected from Europe's Battlefields. to consumers. Write quirk for territory and particulars. Firearms, medals, helmets, etc. Illustrated catalogue and Unpatented Ideas Can Be Sold. I tell YOU how and help American Products Company, 6120 American Bldg., Cin- sample War photographs 25e, Lieut. Welch. 1889 Albany You make the sale. Free particulars (Copyrichted). Write cinnati. Ohio. Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. W. T. Greene, SOS Jenifer Bldg., Washington. D. C.

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Science and Invention for August, 1926 383 For Inventors (Continued) Miscellaneous (Continued) Photography Care- Your Chemical problems solved and working process fur- Gears and Model Supplies of every description. Catalog Send Us Your Films. We develop, print, enlarge. nished for Five Dollars. Write ore. ' W. Stedman Rich- 5 cents. Experimenters Supply House, Box 10, Station Y. ful attention to details that make superior quality pictures. ards, Consulting Chemist, Box 2402, Boston. Mass. New York City. Rolls developed 9c. prints 3c each, trial 6"x8" enlargement in folder 40e. Wellington Photo Services, Riverdale, Std. Inventors-Get this pamphlet, "What to Invent." No Fool your friends. 10 Mane cards 2 dimes. Return to theory or guess work, but things actually asked for by me stamped, addressed to friends, for mailing here. B. K. Have you a Camera? Write for free sample of our big manufacturers. Sent prepaid for only $1.00. Inventor's llrrutsen, Box 1081, Portland, Me. magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn Syndicate. 22 Paladium Bldg., St. Louis. Mo. money. American Photography, 118 Camera House, Boston. Art Photos 4-$1.00. lieu Meyer, 35 West 31st New York. 17, Mass. U. S. and foreign patents, trademarks, moderate rates. 22 years experience. George C. Heinicke, 32 Union Square, Damn Scrap- Mr. Manufacturer, layman or veteran-Side n11111311111m11m11111111111,1111111,1,11m1111n,11n111111111111111111m111111,11m11111111111111111111111,,,,11,11111111113111 New York, registered in U. S. and Canada. e Hoist. loads wagons, does ditching. E. B. Hawkins, Applegate, Oreg. Photo plays Wanted Three Collection Letters That Actually Collect; product, For Sale Address J. A. Hillsman, $ $ $ For Ideas. Photoplay Plots considered in any 23 years' experience, $2.50. Scenario Lynchburg, S'a. form. Write for free booklet. Universal Com- pany, 223 Security Bldg., Western and Santa Monica Blvd., For Sale: Watchmakers' Lathe at a bargain. R. Jaeger Valigorski, Hollywood, Calif. [nano, 5815 Easton Ave., St. Louis, Mo, Bargains. Big envelope full 10c. Joachim Cohues, N. Y.

1116=1.11219,m11mm1111mm,m1111111111111e11111111111111111111111111,11m111111111111111111111,11111111111111m,11,11 1,11111111111111111111111131,1,,,1,1111,,,1,111111111111,11,1,,,11,11111,1111111111,1,111111,1m 11113,11111,1,111111111,111,1,11,11111111, Gift of Orient Motorcycles-Bicycles Printing Outfits and Supplies Send "Flowers of Paradise" Incense. $1. Blossom Gift get Print your own cards, stationery, circulars, paper, enc. Simone, Southwest Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif. Don't buy a Bicycle Motor Attachment until you our catalogue and prices. Shaw 511g. Co.. Dept. 6. Complete outfits $8.85; Job Presses $12, $35; Rotary $150. Galesburg, Kansas. Print for otters, big profit. All easy, rules sent. Write for catalog presses, type, paper, etc. Press Company, A-41 nlreidett, Conn. Help Wanted ., 11m,1,111111,1111,1111111,1111111111111111111111,11m111,,,1e,11,1r.,111,1111111111,1,,11,111111111,11111111111,1,113:11, Gummed Labels, Name -and Address, 500, 2 lines 30e, 3 Silvering Mirrors, French plate. Easily learned. im- Musical Instruments lines 50e. Catalogue. Eastern Label Co., Y, Clintonville. mense profits. Plans free. Wear Mirror Works, Dept. 36, Conn. Excelslor Springs, Mo. Violins-Deep, Mellow, Soulful-on easy credit terms. High grade, wonderful instruments of my own make. Devel- book. Gustav Detectives Earn Big Money. Travel. Excellent opportunity. opment of many years' expertness. Write for e 1 ,,,,,,,,,1,,, m m n llllllll Great demand everywhere. Experience unnecessary. Par- A. Henning, 2424 Gaylord St, Denver, Colo. ticulars free. Write. American Detective System. 1974 Radio Y. Broadway, N. I I I I 11111111111111 1,,,1111,111111111111111111 I 1,111ff,""."" 31111111111 n ', ,, A two dollar bill will bring you a 50H-60 MA Filter Be a Detective. Work home or travel. Experience unneces- Old Coins choke coil. Write for list. Radio Parts Sales Co., Box 24, sary. Particulars free. \\'rite. George Wagner, former Gov- Orange, N. J. Detective, 1968 Broadway. N. Y. erment California Gold, quarter size, 27c; half -dollar size, 53c. Columbian nickel and catalogne, 10e. Norman Shultz, Box 3,,,1111,111,1111 ulmnn11111111nnuu11n11u11u 11nnnnnmmn11m11111111111,muunn111111111muunnuum-a11mn Firemen, Brakeman, Baggagemen, (white or colored), 1-16, Colorado Springs, Colo. sleeping car, train porters (colored), $150-$250 monthly. Salesmen Wanted Experience unnecessary. 897 Railway Bureau, East St. 100,000 Mk. 1923 $1.40, 5.000,000 Louis, Ill. German Govt Bond. 58k bond 1924. $1.50. 100,006 51k. bill and catalogue 10c. Salesmen: Go into business without investing a penny. Norman Shultz, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Yet $300.00 per year for your spare time refinishing furni- No rent to pay. No stock to carry. you make bigger cabinets. etc. My simplified instructions tell Bargains in Commemorative Half Dollars. Lincoln, proms than regular storekeepers. Write for facts at once. ture, radio $1.33; Maine, 5lnn- Dept. 518, Goodyear Chicago, Inc., 844 W. Adams how to get and do this easy profitable work, tricks of the Pilgrim, $1.29; Alabama, $1.13; $1.33; Address etc. Price complete $1.00 postpaid. F. L. roe $1.19; Ragent, $1.33; Lexington, $1.09; California. l'hicago. trade, formulas, Vancouver, and Jackson, 716 W. Exchange, Owosso, Mich. $1.23; $1.23; Eagle Cent bargain price list 10c. Marcy, Boa 483, Muskogee, Oklahoma. Sells for $9.75. Prints ad on wrapping paper, envelopes, Send 10c sample work. Auto- Month. Men -women 18 up. U. S. err. $1.00 roninissian. for $95.00 to $250.00 Ad -Stamper, Joplin, Mo. Government Joins. Steady work. Life positions. Short matic hours. Paid vacation. Common education sufficient. 32 page book with sample coaching and full particulars-Free. Old Money Wanted Take orders for coffee, sugar, flour. meats, canned goods, Write today sure Franklin Institute. Dept. W19, Roch- staple groceries, also paints, radio sets. tires, auto and trac- ester, N. Y. tor oils. No capital or bond required. We deliver and col- $2 to $500 Each paid for hundreds of Old or Odd Coins. lect. Permanent business. Big pay. Write at once. Beep all old money, it may be very valuable. Send toc for Hitchcock -Hill Co.. Dept. 83, Chicago. All men -women, 18 to 60, wanting to qualify for Gov- new illustrated Coin Value Book, 4x6. Guaranteed Prices. ernment Positions, $140-$250 monthly. Local or traveling. Get Posted, We pay Cash. Clarke Coin Company, 14 demonstrating wonderful throe write. Mr. Ozment, 293, St. Louis, Mo. LeRoy, Y. Minutes Pay Dollars Street. N. pound calculator. Details $13.00. Work equals $300 ma-

1111,11111 chines. Adds. subtracts. multiplies, devides automatically. ,.111111111311,111111111111111111111 n1 u1 1 n nm 1 u1,m1111,111111u111m 11111/111111 m 11111u1111111111m u1111nu,11111u Five year guarantee. Big demand; large profits, experience unnecessary. Write quick for liberal trial offer and pro- Insects Wanted tected territory. Lightning Calculator Co., Dept. W, Grand Patent Attorneys Rapids, Mich. Why Not Spend Spring. Summer and Fall gathering butterflies, insects? I buy hundreds of kinds for collections. Patents. Send for free booklet. Highest references. We have a line of goods for which every man in America Soute worth $1 to $7 each. Simple outdoor work with my Best results. Promptness assured. Send model or drawing is a prospect. It has everything any competing line has instructions, pictures, price -list. Send 10 cents (not for examination and opinion. Watson E. Coleman, Patent and something besides. It can be brandied profitably by stamps) for my illustrated Prospectus before sending but- Attorney. 644 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. tailoring, shirt. hosiery, necktie, shoe, raincoat, and other terflies. Mr. Sinclair. Dealer in Insects, Dept. 41, Box Unpatented Ideas Can Be Sold, 1 tell you how and hemp sale=men new selling to men. For full facts, address Madi- 1424, San Diego. Calif. you make the sale. Free particulars (Copyrighted 19231. son Bros., 135 So. Peoria, Dept. 13, Chicago. Write W. Y. Greene, 809 Jennifer Bldg., Washington. 1). C. Get your own patents. Application blanks, complete $100-$200 weekly. Retailers live wire specialty. $10 ('tstructions I1. Cutting Bros., Campbell, Calif. weekly guaranteed against com. Reliable house. Guarantee Machinery and Tools dealers turnover or money bark. Pay you to investigate. Patents. Time counts in applying for patents. Don't Appleton Novelty Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. delay in protecting your ideas. Send sketch Block Machines and Molds. Catalogue risk or model Concrete Building l'or instructions or write for Free book, "How to Obtain a free. Concrete Machine Co., 5 N. First St., Sc. Louis, bla. Patent and "Record of Invention" form. No charge for 1,mn 1111,m n 1e 111111.1unuu 1111 unn 111n 11111111111,111111111111111111111113,3,11un 111,11111111111,,,11m1111111u 1,1,,,11111 information on chow to proceed. Communications strictly confidential. Prompt, careful, efficient service. Clarence A. O'Brien, Registered Patent Attorney, Security Bank Song Poems Magic and Games iuilding (directly across street front patent office), Wash- ington, D. C. See nage 359. Song Poem Writers-Send for proposition. Itay Hibbeler, D24, 2101 N. Keystone Ave., Chicago. Free with $25 order our large die box. Send 20e for our Patents Procured: Trade Marks Registered-A compre- large catalogue of tricks, puzzles, wigs, sensational es- hensive, experienced, prompt service for the protection and caoes. Oaks Magical ('n.. Dent. 540. Oshkosh, Wis. development of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly fur- Song Poem Writers: Stamp brings. "Song Writers Guide". Wm. Van Beaver, 1.124, 1239 Elm St., Green Bay, Wis. Books-Magic, Mysteries, Magic Tricks, Novelties, Cat- nished without charge. Booklet of information and form alogue Free. Singer, 200, Hancock, Wis. for disclosing idea free on request. Richard B. Owen, 130 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C., or 41-T Park Row, New 1111111,,11111111111,111,111111,111111111111,111,1'111111,11,1,1,11 Magic Tricks, Puzzles, Books, Catalog Free. Interesting York. a:,' magie novelty. 10 cents. Z. Burdick. Hart. Mich. Patents: Trade -Marks. Ten years experience in Patent Stammering Learn to entertain! New book explains all forms of Office. Consultation invited. Booklet. Geo. Beeler, 2001, mystery entertaining. $1.00. "Clayton." 7605 Linwood 150 Nassau St.. New York. Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. St-Stu-T-T-Tering and Stammering Cured at Home, Patent-Sense-As one of the oldest firms in America we Instructive booklet free. Walter McDonnell, 105 Arcade, give inventors. at lowest consistent charge, a service noted 1126 Granville Ave., Chicago, Ill. m11 111111111111111mmm111111111111111111111111111111111111111311111111111111 u, .,1111311m,m11111111111111111113 mmm fer results, evidenced by many well-known Patents of extra- ordinary value. Book, Patent -Sense, free. Lacey & Lacey, Step Stammering. All speech defects suret ssfully cor- Manufacturer Wanted ;114 F St.. Washington. D. C. Estai,. 1050. recte d. Samuel Robbins, 399 Boylston St., Molnar. Millions spent annually for ideas! Hundreds now wanted! "S. 0. S." Game. Wanted manufacturer produce and Patent yontes and profit! Write today for free book-tc I: market, royalty basis. E. 51. Wrightson, Ashland Place, how in protect yourself, hots to invent, ideas wanted, how Mobile, Ala. we help you sell, etc. American Industries, Inc., 212 Stamps and Coins Kresge Bldg., Washington, D. C. º1111111m1u1111111111111111 mm11un1111111111111111111111u11u m 1111 u11 m1111113331.1111111113 m11311 313,611111111113111m, Patents-Send for form "Evidence of Conception" to be Stamps 100 All Different 3 cents. S. I. Quaker Stamp signed and witnessed, Form, fee schedule. information free. Company, Toledo, O. Manufacturing Lancaster and Allwine, Registered Patent Attorneys in United States and Canada, 242 Ouray Bldg., Washie:u un. .11111111111311111I 11 1I I111111111111,11111111111111111111111111,,,1111..1111111I I11I I1,11 11111111111111111111111111 1111111, To Order-Mechanical work, oll branches. lfodels, Ex- D. C. perimenting. Quantity Production. Parma Engineering Monroe E. Miller, Ouray 111ág.. Washington, D. C. Pat- Typewriters and Ribbons Wutics, Brooklyn Station, Cleveland, Ohio. ent Lawyer, Mechanical. Electrical Expert. Booklet and priority record blank gratis. Used Typewriters, $16.50 Guaranteeed. Ribbons 3 for .1 1111 311,1,11,1,,,111111111111111111,.,111111.,,11111 .,,111111111 111,111111111.111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Patents: My lee in installments. Frank T. Fuller, Wash- $1.00. Wm. Phelps, 4 Franklin Street, New York. ington, D. C. Manuscripts Wanted Richard E. Babcock, Patent Lawyer, Washington Loan & Trust Bldg.. Washington, D. C. Booklet. 111I In111n1111I 1.111111111111113mu11111111u11111111 ff 1111111,11111111111111111111111111111I I111111111111111111131, writing for newspapers, Earn $25 weekly. Spare time. "Inventor's Advisor," the valuable Patentbook with 119 Ventriloquism magazines. Experience unnecessary. Details Free. Press Mechanical movements and illustrations, sent free upon Mo. Syndicate, 987, St. Louis, request. M. I. Labb er, Patent Attorney, 3 Park Row. New York. Ventriloquism taught almost anyone at home. Small cost. 11 Send 2e. stamp today for particulars and proof. Gen. W. Smith, Ronrn S-109, 125 N. Jefferson Ave., Peoria, Ill. Miscellaneous Patents Beautiful registered bull pups $15. Bulldogs, 501 Rock- wood, Dallas, Texas. Inventions commercialized. Patented or 'Irma tented. Wanted Write Adour Fisher Mfg. Co., 203 Enright, St. Louis. 111n. I Catch From 45 to 60 foxes in from 4 to 5 weeks' time; ran teach any reader of this magazine how to get them. Two Inventions-an automaton and a plaster paris pro- Detectives Earn big Money. Work home or travel. Ex- Just drop me a card for particluurs. W. A. Hadley, Stuns - cess. Beware inventor's rights. William Haines, Habana, perience unnecessary. Write. George Wagner, former Gov- stead, Quebec, Canada. Cuba. ernment Detective, 1968 Broadway, N. Y.

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--_ t=--- A HAWKII`S rNAwl 1 NA1 'S N S ;NAWKI9S rNAWKINS !NAEVKiNS NAWKINSEJ HAwKIS 6WKINSi K K , kFLETRI(Al;' LECTRI( EEL1aR1(al l LEITRI[Al FLLQRI(AL 'F([QRI(Al FLE({RI(A( ELE(TRI(At IE[E(1fll[A ELE(TRI[Alt ,, . jGUÌD CUI9E-¡ GUIDE ' GUIDE GUIDE CUIDE GUIDE' !CUIDE; GUIDE' UIDÉ Qui t r = _:_... `.-_y E-__ .+ °Z N°3 N°¢, 1y° . N-61 N-, fN 1, L. N:1 }} I MODERN -' = C ' A.0 RAILWAYS A ElE[TRICITY _MANACENENT WIRING AC M]TORS SYSTEMSk WIRIN6 TELECRA 'APPLICATION'.of MAONETISM' ^' N0 AUERNATINP MOrION 7r DYNAMOS IOISTRIBOIIt;l' r [IRculr Y PowER - WIR6_LE S I PICTURES;. NouçnoN CURRENTS RAISfORMIR l SYSTEMS ti STATIONS LEEE(TRICI MOTORS I { : BREANEAS kXPtAIMENTS _ k eNo BELLS A8TOM08NE5` CONI[RTERSI ; TELEPHONE REFERE OYNAMo} ' INSTAUMENiS STORACE 1AITE41iT10+ 'MEASURINO tICHTI I NSTRUMENlY WORK 14NITIí IND lESTINC I BATFERlES ' Melee , NA INGS

1805 2roi 2503 . 2855 349 `;#;- 697 997 - 267 t' 1587 ". , ceç - I -- g 6 12F6 _f, 1586 1884 ' -T. 22ou }2 =r.'. 2dí4,.! li 'ß 96 -!, _:.--' i-,. 1 i t/ ric _ _ your finäer ends IN TEN HAWKINS ELECTRICAL GUIDES VOLUMES $1 A VOLUME 3500 PAGES SEND NO MONEY -SEND ONLY THIS COUPON 4700 PICTURES $1 A MONTH Know the facts in Electricity. They mean more money and better position for you. Hawkins Guides tell you all you need to know THEO. AUDEL & CO. about Electricity. Every important electrical subject covered so 65 West 23rd Street, New York City you can understand it. Easy to study and apply. A complete, 10 Books are pocket size; Please submit me for free examination, HAWKINS practical working course, in volumes. at flexible covers. Order a set today to look over. ELECTRICAL GUIDE (Price $1 a number). Ship LEARN ALL ABOUT once prepaid, the 10 numbers. If satisfactory, I agree Magnetism-Induction -Experiments-Dynamos-Electric Ma- to send you $1 within seven days and to further mail chinery-Motors-Armatures-Armature Windings-Installing of you $1 each month until paid. Dynamos-Electrical Instrument Testing-Practical Management of Dynamos and Motors-Distribution Systems-Wiring-Wiring Name Diagrams - Sign Flashers - Storage Batteries - Principles of Alternating Currents and Alternators - Alternating Current Motors - Transformers - Converters-Rectifiers-Alternating Current Systems Circuit Breakers - Measuring Instruments-Switchboards-Wiring-Power- Stations-Installing Occupation -Telephone-Telegraph-Wireless-Bells-Lighting-Railways. Also many Modern Practical Applications of Electricity and Ready Reference Index of the ten numbers. Employed by SHIPPED FREE Not a cent to pay until you see the books. No obligation to buy unless Home Address you are satisfied. Send Coupon now-today-and get this great help library and see if it is not worth $100 to you-you pay $1.00 a month for ten months or return it. Reference S. 1.. Aug.

www.americanradiohistory.com PRACTICAL EDUCATIO Complete in Three IN ELECTRICITY Months Even the United States Government endorses S. BOOK FREE-SEND COUPON of E. training. At right is shown huge generating unit made by the Nord- berg Mfg. Co.. for Pana- Great concerns want S. ma Canal for which S. of of E. men. Get ready E. students made the Ac- in a iew weeks of fascinating train - ceptance Test by special Mg for a big request. career in y ELECTRIC. I ITY!

DON'T WASTE another for yourself. Thousands of S.of E.man means prestige-preference. minute getting into the fas- opportu nities exists in every CLASSES cinating field of electricity. section for men with a little ACT NOW BEFORE Never before has there been training to do house -wiring, FILL up. Due to the enormous amount so many amazing opportuni- operate battery service sta- of personal attention given to each ties. Electrical refrigeration. tions, to do automotive elec- man, S. of E. classes fill up rapidly. Employers ask first for the S. of E. radio battery work, central trical work. In three months man. We immediate action stations, power plants, are time S. of E. training gets suggest tc CHARLES P. STEINMETZ avoid disappointment. combing the country for men "electrical wizard"of General you ready for the amazing with electrical training. Electric was for the last six opportunity of a lifetime. SPECIAL BOOK NOW FREE- yearn of his life on the Advic- ory Council of School of Act! Clip and mail the coupon right $3200 AND UP with Engineering. S. of E. MEN GET away. A big 72 page book telling al: amazing opportunity for ad- PREFERENCE every- phases of S. of E. training will be vancement awaits you in this most fas- where that men are hired for electrical reshed to you. Get it by all means tc cinating business of all. S. of E. training work. For in nearly every electrical con- help make up your mind. The most will prepare you in a few weeks time to cern in America S. of E. men .will be complete book on opportunities in step into a fine electrical job in a big found holding big jobs. They are on the electricity ever offered. CLIP corporation like General Electric, West- lookout to help you succeed when you AND MAIL COUPON NOW! ern Electric, Commonwealth -Edison, come in. In one of the 10 largest Amer- Harnischfeger Corporation. ican cities the 3 biggest electrical jobs are all held by S. of E. men. To be an A PERSONAL THE BIG CONCERNS are the ones 'aiALLENGE TO YOU who offer the big opportunities. And they never your previous education our prefer S. of E. men because 20 years ex- tr ig will make you successful in perience has shown that they are the E? city! Put yourself in my hands fo_ leeks and the big job is yours." ones who succeed. The finest engineer- }SCAR WERWATH, Faculty President,. ing talent available directs your work in classroom and laboratory. Our staff is 0 o not excelled. They are big men like Prof. of Milwaukee John D. Ball, for six years assistant to You will find and enjoy a different spirit among Founded1905 Dept. IC 415-17 MsrshallSt.21ilvrokee.Wis Dr. Steinmetz, the electrical wizard. S. of E. Students than you find in the "trade schools." Good times are miered with work. Fra- SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OF MILWAUKEE THREE MONTHS FASCINATING. ternities, daily broadcastingfrom Station WSOE. Dept. sC 415-17 Marshall St., Milwe ukee. Wis. fits you la.enter the job with Above is photo of the student band. Below one of Without obligating me in any way, please trail free 72 - training big Milwaukee's famous beaches. Enjoy a real sum- tinge illustrated book, Electricity and the Orr Best Way one of these concerns or go into business mer in a real lakeside city. Boating. bathing, Or. to Learn lt" and particulars regarding the cutree I have marked with an X. ..Commercial Electrical Eng. ...Armature Windir e Elec. Eng.. B.S. Deg.in 3 yrs. ....Light. Heat, sow ar Wiring. Eleetroteehnica testing ...Junior Electrical Eng ...Practical Electricity ...Automotive Electricity ..Home Laboratori Service ....Radio Sales. Service and ....lam interestea is your Earn Broadcasting While You Learn" Pin ,i i Name Ape I

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