The Battle of Cheriton became close friends and together rescued King Charles I’s Weapons and war sister from the besieged city of Prague. On their return to Between 1642 and 1649 Britain was Civil War foot regiments consisted of pikemen and musketeers England, Hopton went home to Somerset and Waller moved divided by bloody civil war. On one formed of companies of 100 to 140 men each. The pikemen, to his residence in Winchester Castle. Both became Members side stood King Charles I, a believer in whose main weapon was a 16 foot ash pike tipped with steel, of Parliament, but Waller became increasingly unhappy with the Divine Right of Kings, and his stood in blocks eight ranks deep with the pikes of the front Charles I’s unconstitutional rule, while Hopton’s support for supporters called Royalists. On the three ranks levelled at the enemy. When two blocks of pike the king grew. Although they were to retain good relations, other were those who supported met, the rear ranks pushed those in front forward driving the subsequent Civil War shattered their friendship. the rights of the House of Commons, through the opposition. called Parliamentarians. The country was divided – son fought father and King Charles I Musketeers could either be used en masse to deliver a brother fought brother. On 29 March devastating volley or, as in Cheriton Wood, tactically in small 1644 the Battle of Cheriton was fought, groups. They wore the distinctive bandolier, a leather belt and it proved to be a turning point in the war. Within slung across the chest, from which hung containers with a five years King Charles I was to lose his head and the measured charge of powder. The front-loading matchlock country entered a period of republican rule known musket was fired by a slow-burning taper setting off the main as the Commonwealth. charge, firing a lead ball the size of a marble with a range of 100m. It took an experienced musketeer 30–60 seconds to The road to Cheriton Ralph Hopton Sir William Waller reload, but with the gun weighing up to 6kg, it could also be 1st Baron Hopton of Stratton © National Portrait used as a club in hand-to hand combat. The campaign season of 1643 started in the south- © National Portrait Gallery, London Gallery, London west, where Hopton, the commander of the Royalist The basic unit of cavalry was a troop of between forces, drove Waller and his Parliamentarians out of 25 and 80 men under the command of a captain. Somerset, Dorset, and Wiltshire. Hampshire was now ANDOVER FARNHAM A regiment could consist of three to ten troops. There in the front line. BASING HOUSE were two types of cavalry. The cuirassiers were heavily River Test ALTON armoured and carried pistols, carbine and sword. The Early March 1644 saw the Royalist and Parliamentarian harquebusiers, who formed the bulk of the cavalry at Cheriton, armies marching and countermarching to gain control used similar weapons, but were less heavily armoured and of the eastern approach roads to Winchester. On WINCHESTER CHERITON therefore more manoeuvrable. 25 March the two armies were within two miles of each other and skirmished throughout the next two River Itchen Artillery consisted of a range of guns of different sizes days. The Royalist army gained Alresford and set up ROMSEY and design. The pieces at Cheriton had a range of camp on the high ground of Tichborne Down. The 650m with ball and up to 200m with canister-style shot. Parliamentarians camped across the valley on a lower ridge at Hinton Ampner. The scene was set for an epic SOUTHAMPTON showdown, the result of which was to influence the character of the Civil War south of the Thames.
The opposing PORTSMOUTH commanders CHRISTCHURCH In the 1620s two young men, William Waller and Ralph Hopton, served together on the continent This map shows the Royalists contolled centres (blue) and those under in a conflict known as The Thirty Years’ War. They the control of Parliamentarians (red) at the time of the battle Two blocks of pikemen engage on the battlefield
A313 A3057
A30 M3 CHERITON 9 Alresford
10 Winchester A31 Cheriton
A272 BATTLE 11
A3057
A detail of Arnald’s painting, c1810, showing Cromwell’s artillery train approaching Winchester How to get there A27 FIELD M3
The13 walk starts from the car park of the Hinton Arms, Winchester in the CivilA3090 War WALK 14 A3 A36 4 grid reference SU 5906 2785, 10 kms east of Winchester
As in most places in Britain, the loyalties of the people 4 on5 the A272. You can leave your car at the pub but please 2 3
of Winchester were divided. Of the city’s two MPs,1 one park considerately. M27 M27 A33 A35 M271 supported parliament and the other the king. The city A27
Buses: Stagecoach7 service 67 Winchester to Petersfield. sat in a major strategic position, controllingA336 the road A33 NearestA3024 stop New Cheriton Crossroads.A334 from Southampton to the north, and the western road A3051 8 A3025 A3 (M) from Portsmouth. As a result, the city was to pay a heavy The full walk is 8¾ kms long, takingA32 3 – 3½ hours but you
price. In December 1642 the Royalists entered Winchester can create shorter circular9 routes using the map overleaf. There
Castle, closely pursued by Parliamentarians who captured are some gentle inclines with surfaces10 ranging from dirt tracks A3 11 and ransacked the city. The next day the ill-prepared to tarmac road. Remember to wear appropriateM27 footwear and A27
Royalists surrendered the castle. In 1643 the city and castle always follow the Countryside Code. 12 were retaken by the Royalists and the defences of both A326 A32 A323 were strengthened. In 1644, after the Battle of Cheriton, M275 Acknowledgements the Parliamentarians under Waller once again captured Gillian Gray Knight, Richard Pearce and the Sealed Knot, Hampshire Cultural and sacked the city, although the castle remained in Trust, Richard and Anne Mattia at the Hinton Arms and Hampshire County Royalist hands. The castle was taken by Oliver Cromwell Council Countryside Service. on 5 October 1645 and soon after was blown up and Originally produced by the Battle of Cheriton Project Ltd as part of a made unusable. programme of activities explaining the importance of this battlefield and of the events that unfolded across Hampshire during the English Civil War in 1644.
Boer War Winchester City centre guide to 4 Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop’s Palace) 8 2 Did you know? 5 The Westgate 1 Winchester’s For further information log onto horse trough Cathedral Hampshire Record Office offers Roman walls An important residence of the wealthy help to people looking to trace Explore more of the royal The battle of Cheriton was a major turning point in Erected in Winchester’s military past and powerful Bishops of Winchester 1905, their ancestry via army records. MILITARY since Anglo-Saxon times, the surviving located near Go to www3.hants.gov.uk/ Trace Winchester's military past from the ruins date largely from the 12th century the junction archives/hals-collections/army- work of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). HorsePower (Museum of The King’s Royal Hussars) Iron Age to the Nuclear Age Winchester of Jewry W inchester’s In September 1141, during the Civil War The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum records.htm to find out more. Street and St M ilitary The Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum www.visitwinchester.co.uk between King Stephen and the Empress The Gurkha Museum George’s M useums The Adjutant General’s Corps Museum One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, Matilda, the besieged defenders of Street in Winchester, this FOR ALL THE FAMILY history of Winchester with the Wolvesey set fire to and destroyed most SO MUCH TO SEE – TOO GOOD TO MISS Winchester was established as refuge and strong landmark commemorates the Peninsula Barracks of Winchester whilst holding off Visitors’ Centre and refreshments at the Café Peninsula. 7a 450,000 horses killed in the South ‘The King’s House’ the English Civil War and resulted in an important point to resist the Danish invaders. A raiding army had Matilda’s force. For more information: (01962) 877 826 / 843 659 Venta Belgarum was founded Email: info@winchester’smilitarymuseums.co.uk destroyed the settlement in 860AD but the old African War of 1899-1902. around AD70 with earth and timber www.winchestermilitarymuseums.co.uk Now a museum, the Westgate was defences. In the late 2nd century the Roman town walls were refurbished and a new Colour key 1 - 8 in date order built to be one of the defensible www.battlefieldstrust.com defences were rebuilt with a new street system was laid out inside the walls. These Did you know? Iron and gateways in Winchester’s city walls, Winchester city centre is spectacularly Vikings and earthen bank and ditch that, for the Bronze Age, Anglo Saxons Winchester Cathedral enshrines a first established by the Romans in intramural streets (such as North Walls) were laid with transformed by Homecoming Parades Roman first time, fully enclosed the urban long history of military service and the first century AD. The line of the Military Trail, Tudor Trail and the intention of rushing troops to threatened parts of that assemble at The Guildhall for a area. The ramparts were Middle Ages, sacrifice. It contains major walls remained unaltered rd reception by the Mayor of Winchester. Modern strengthened in the early 3 century the walls. The town’s walls were largely Tudors & History memorials (including the Rifle throughout later times and, though Civil War with a masonry wall about 3m thick. th Brigade Centenary Window), the Westgate’s present structure is Parliamentarian victory that helped shape the future dismantled by the end of the 18 century. The succession of defences can be monuments to illustrious military medieval and dates mainly from the seen in the model in theCity Winchester leaders, and many inscriptions th th 3 12 to 14 centuries, it is thought to Museum . The same line of the walls Castle recording the deaths of individual stand on the site of the earlier continued soldiers in both famous and lesser- The city offered the site of the castle Roman gate. The west wall was to be Royal Blood Trail. All trails Winchester College known campaigns. It houses the laid to Charles II who paid his first th 6 entirely rebuilt in the 14 century followed up colours of several local known visit in 1682. A scheme was when a whole series of new up to the Founded in 1382, Winchester College has the regiments, and also Books of developed for a park and a ‘noble defences was added in view of a 18th longest unbroken history of any English school. Remembrance for units including Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for a possible invasion from France. The century Whilst WWI claimed the lives of over 500 old 1 The Royal Hampshire Regiment, The summer residence for the whole works included a portcullis, of England. Follow this trail that sets out from the when Wykehamists, a further 275 died in World War Rifle Brigade and the Merchant Court’. Construction of the palace, machicolations, gun ports and great II. Officially opened in 1924, the War Cloister Navy. The cathedral itself is no Designed by Sir Christopher Wren possibly a drawbridge. The two lengths of was designed by Sir Herbert Baker to 8 stranger to conflict – the West and influenced by Versailles, began inverted keyhole gunports, intended are available from the tourist the walls commemorate those who had lost their lives. 5 Window testifies to a violent in 1683 but ended on the death of “O Trinity of love and power!; Our brethren shield in 7 for primitive hand cannons, are were Notable Old Wykehamists with a military career Just months after 1066 and 3 incursion by Parliamentary troops Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, amongst the earliest pieces of danger's hour; From rock and tempest, fire and foe, If you would like this leaflet in 8 demolished. The short lengths that who were all awarded the Victoria Cross Winchester’s surrender, William the 7a during the Civil War and Bishop little more than a carcass of a house, architectural evidence for the use of survive are mainly post-Roman Protect them wheresoe'er they go;” include Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- Conqueror ordered the construction 7b Peter Mews, a Royalist spy identified served as a prison for 5,000 French artillery in this country. The Westgate though the fragment behind the grill 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie (1868-1915); of a castle within the city walls. Words from ‘The Navy Hymn’ written as a poem in 1860 by by the number 757, was soldiers during the Seven Years’ War is open weekends in the afternoon in the weirs is part of the core of the Daniel Burges (1873-1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby (1885-1915); and Air Winchester Castle became one of William Whiting of Winchester Winchester’s equivalent of James from 1757 to 1764 and from 1778 between February and October. Roman wall. Parliamentarian camp at Hinton Ampner and embark Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). the great fortresses of medieval Bond. Special military-themed tours to 1785 during the American War of Please see www.winchestercollege.org/guided-tours for details of regular England. It was maintained and information centre and at can be booked through the website. Independence. From 1792 to 1796 it Winchester has a rich and varied military history. From enhanced until 1645 when it was Located directly opposite Normandy, guided tours around the College, and for tours of War Cloister. 1 www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk was home to refugee clergy from Peninsula Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two World Wars besieged, captured by Cromwell, 7b Hampshire was the springboard for 2 Revolutionary France before Barracks in WWII to the completion a Nuclear bunker sited at Twyford - the and eventually demolished. The becoming an army barrack in same ‘Operation Overlord’, the code name district’s military stories span centuries of history. Winchester Tourist Information Centre Great Hall, built between 1222 and year. The King’s House was for the Allied Invasion of Europe in a larger format please contact 1235, is the only substantial World War II. The county became a vast Guildhall Winchester, High Street, If you see an Did you know? eventually destroyed by fire on the surviving part of the medieval castle. th armed camp full of allied troops If you are interested in finding out more about the Winchester, SO23 9GH there is something 15 Victoria Cross medals are night of 19 December 1894. Some Tel: 01962 840 500 Email: [email protected] A drawing of Winchester made by encamped in towns, villages and military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, then to see on the site currently on display in Winchester parts of Wren’s palace were reused on the walk taken by the troops on 29 March 1644 to Web: www.visitwinchester.co.uk 4 www.visitwinchester.co.uk Willem Schellinks in 1662 shows the woods. Winchester’s newly-built by- follow these two informative trails – one based in the city today. If there is Military Museums. Further medals in the replacement building which Museums © Imperial War OPEN Monday to Saturday 10am to 5pm slighted castle as a still imposing pass became a giant tank park and and one taking you further afield. no there is 6 of Wintonians who have been was ready for the army by 1904 and Closed between Christmas and New Year ruin overlooking the city. On-site camp for British and American troops. Even Peninsula Barracks in the city was limited access or awarded this honour are also on later renamed Peninsula Barracks, Follow King Alf on Twitter: www.twitter.com/King_Alf interpretation panels and displays no visible remains taken over by the Ninth US Infantry Division see12 overleaf for more information display in the Imperial War see7b The army remained in Like King Alf on Facebook: www.facebook.com/KingAlfWinchester tell the story of the castle. so a visit is on their stay. It was here that American troops were reviewed by Churchill and Museum. occupation up to 1983. inadvisable. Eisenhower. (See 13 and 14 overleaf for more details) Vibrant. Ancient. Cultured. the tourist information centre www.visitwinchester.co.uk the Cheriton Battlefield, tracing the movements of on 01962 840 500 or e-mail the soldiers who shaped our nation. Follow the trails on your mobile, download the [email protected] QuizTrail app at www.Quiztrail.com
© Winchester City Council 2016. The Battle of Cheriton became close friends and together rescued King Charles I’s Weapons and war sister from the besieged city of Prague. On their return to Between 1642 and 1649 Britain was Civil War foot regiments consisted of pikemen and musketeers England, Hopton went home to Somerset and Waller moved divided by bloody civil war. On one formed of companies of 100 to 140 men each. The pikemen, to his residence in Winchester Castle. Both became Members side stood King Charles I, a believer in whose main weapon was a 16 foot ash pike tipped with steel, of Parliament, but Waller became increasingly unhappy with the Divine Right of Kings, and his stood in blocks eight ranks deep with the pikes of the front Charles I’s unconstitutional rule, while Hopton’s support for supporters called Royalists. On the three ranks levelled at the enemy. When two blocks of pike the king grew. Although they were to retain good relations, other were those who supported met, the rear ranks pushed those in front forward driving the subsequent Civil War shattered their friendship. the rights of the House of Commons, through the opposition. called Parliamentarians. The country was divided – son fought father and King Charles I Musketeers could either be used en masse to deliver a brother fought brother. On 29 March devastating volley or, as in Cheriton Wood, tactically in small 1644 the Battle of Cheriton was fought, groups. They wore the distinctive bandolier, a leather belt and it proved to be a turning point in the war. Within slung across the chest, from which hung containers with a five years King Charles I was to lose his head and the measured charge of powder. The front-loading matchlock country entered a period of republican rule known musket was fired by a slow-burning taper setting off the main as the Commonwealth. charge, firing a lead ball the size of a marble with a range of 100m. It took an experienced musketeer 30–60 seconds to The road to Cheriton Ralph Hopton Sir William Waller reload, but with the gun weighing up to 6kg, it could also be 1st Baron Hopton of Stratton © National Portrait used as a club in hand-to hand combat. The campaign season of 1643 started in the south- © National Portrait Gallery, London Gallery, London west, where Hopton, the commander of the Royalist The basic unit of cavalry was a troop of between forces, drove Waller and his Parliamentarians out of 25 and 80 men under the command of a captain. Somerset, Dorset, and Wiltshire. Hampshire was now ANDOVER FARNHAM A regiment could consist of three to ten troops. There in the front line. BASING HOUSE were two types of cavalry. The cuirassiers were heavily River Test ALTON armoured and carried pistols, carbine and sword. The Early March 1644 saw the Royalist and Parliamentarian harquebusiers, who formed the bulk of the cavalry at Cheriton, armies marching and countermarching to gain control used similar weapons, but were less heavily armoured and of the eastern approach roads to Winchester. On WINCHESTER CHERITON therefore more manoeuvrable. 25 March the two armies were within two miles of each other and skirmished throughout the next two River Itchen Artillery consisted of a range of guns of different sizes days. The Royalist army gained Alresford and set up ROMSEY and design. The pieces at Cheriton had a range of camp on the high ground of Tichborne Down. The 650m with ball and up to 200m with canister-style shot. Parliamentarians camped across the valley on a lower ridge at Hinton Ampner. The scene was set for an epic SOUTHAMPTON showdown, the result of which was to influence the character of the Civil War south of the Thames.
The opposing PORTSMOUTH commanders CHRISTCHURCH In the 1620s two young men, William Waller and Ralph Hopton, served together on the continent This map shows the Royalists contolled centres (blue) and those under in a conflict known as The Thirty Years’ War. They the control of Parliamentarians (red) at the time of the battle Two blocks of pikemen engage on the battlefield
A313 A3057
A30 M3 CHERITON 9 Alresford
10 Winchester A31 Cheriton
A272 BATTLE 11
A3057
A detail of Arnald’s painting, c1810, showing Cromwell’s artillery train approaching Winchester How to get there A27 FIELD M3
The13 walk starts from the car park of the Hinton Arms, Winchester in the CivilA3090 War WALK 14 A3 A36 4 grid reference SU 5906 2785, 10 kms east of Winchester
As in most places in Britain, the loyalties of the people 4 on5 the A272. You can leave your car at the pub but please 2 3
of Winchester were divided. Of the city’s two MPs,1 one park considerately. M27 M27 A33 A35 M271 supported parliament and the other the king. The city A27
Buses: Stagecoach7 service 67 Winchester to Petersfield. sat in a major strategic position, controllingA336 the road A33 NearestA3024 stop New Cheriton Crossroads.A334 from Southampton to the north, and the western road A3051 8 A3025 A3 (M) from Portsmouth. As a result, the city was to pay a heavy The full walk is 8¾ kms long, takingA32 3 – 3½ hours but you
price. In December 1642 the Royalists entered Winchester can create shorter circular9 routes using the map overleaf. There
Castle, closely pursued by Parliamentarians who captured are some gentle inclines with surfaces10 ranging from dirt tracks A3 11 and ransacked the city. The next day the ill-prepared to tarmac road. Remember to wear appropriateM27 footwear and A27
Royalists surrendered the castle. In 1643 the city and castle always follow the Countryside Code. 12 were retaken by the Royalists and the defences of both A326 A32 A323 were strengthened. In 1644, after the Battle of Cheriton, M275 Acknowledgements the Parliamentarians under Waller once again captured Gillian Gray Knight, Richard Pearce and the Sealed Knot, Hampshire Cultural and sacked the city, although the castle remained in Trust, Richard and Anne Mattia at the Hinton Arms and Hampshire County Royalist hands. The castle was taken by Oliver Cromwell Council Countryside Service. on 5 October 1645 and soon after was blown up and Originally produced by the Battle of Cheriton Project Ltd as part of a made unusable. programme of activities explaining the importance of this battlefield and of the events that unfolded across Hampshire during the English Civil War in 1644.
Boer War Winchester City centre guide to 4 Wolvesey Castle (Old Bishop’s Palace) 8 2 Did you know? 5 The Westgate 1 Winchester’s For further information log onto horse trough Cathedral Hampshire Record Office offers Roman walls An important residence of the wealthy help to people looking to trace Explore more of the royal The battle of Cheriton was a major turning point in Erected in Winchester’s military past and powerful Bishops of Winchester 1905, their ancestry via army records. MILITARY since Anglo-Saxon times, the surviving located near Go to www3.hants.gov.uk/ Trace Winchester's military past from the ruins date largely from the 12th century the junction archives/hals-collections/army- work of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). HorsePower (Museum of The King’s Royal Hussars) Iron Age to the Nuclear Age Winchester of Jewry W inchester’s In September 1141, during the Civil War The Royal Hampshire Regiment Museum records.htm to find out more. Street and St M ilitary The Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum www.visitwinchester.co.uk between King Stephen and the Empress The Gurkha Museum George’s M useums The Adjutant General’s Corps Museum One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, Matilda, the besieged defenders of Street in Winchester, this FOR ALL THE FAMILY history of Winchester with the Wolvesey set fire to and destroyed most SO MUCH TO SEE – TOO GOOD TO MISS Winchester was established as refuge and strong landmark commemorates the Peninsula Barracks of Winchester whilst holding off Visitors’ Centre and refreshments at the Café Peninsula. 7a 450,000 horses killed in the South ‘The King’s House’ the English Civil War and resulted in an important point to resist the Danish invaders. A raiding army had Matilda’s force. For more information: (01962) 877 826 / 843 659 Venta Belgarum was founded Email: info@winchester’smilitarymuseums.co.uk destroyed the settlement in 860AD but the old African War of 1899-1902. around AD70 with earth and timber www.winchestermilitarymuseums.co.uk Now a museum, the Westgate was defences. In the late 2nd century the Roman town walls were refurbished and a new Colour key 1 - 8 in date order built to be one of the defensible www.battlefieldstrust.com defences were rebuilt with a new street system was laid out inside the walls. These Did you know? Iron and gateways in Winchester’s city walls, Winchester city centre is spectacularly Vikings and earthen bank and ditch that, for the Bronze Age, Anglo Saxons Winchester Cathedral enshrines a first established by the Romans in intramural streets (such as North Walls) were laid with transformed by Homecoming Parades Roman first time, fully enclosed the urban long history of military service and the first century AD. The line of the Military Trail, Tudor Trail and the intention of rushing troops to threatened parts of that assemble at The Guildhall for a area. The ramparts were Middle Ages, sacrifice. It contains major walls remained unaltered rd reception by the Mayor of Winchester. Modern strengthened in the early 3 century the walls. The town’s walls were largely Tudors & History memorials (including the Rifle throughout later times and, though Civil War with a masonry wall about 3m thick. th Brigade Centenary Window), the Westgate’s present structure is Parliamentarian victory that helped shape the future dismantled by the end of the 18 century. The succession of defences can be monuments to illustrious military medieval and dates mainly from the seen in the model in theCity Winchester leaders, and many inscriptions th th 3 12 to 14 centuries, it is thought to Museum . The same line of the walls Castle recording the deaths of individual stand on the site of the earlier continued soldiers in both famous and lesser- The city offered the site of the castle Roman gate. The west wall was to be Royal Blood Trail. All trails Winchester College known campaigns. It houses the laid to Charles II who paid his first th 6 entirely rebuilt in the 14 century followed up colours of several local known visit in 1682. A scheme was when a whole series of new up to the Founded in 1382, Winchester College has the regiments, and also Books of developed for a park and a ‘noble defences was added in view of a 18th longest unbroken history of any English school. Remembrance for units including Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for a possible invasion from France. The century Whilst WWI claimed the lives of over 500 old 1 The Royal Hampshire Regiment, The summer residence for the whole works included a portcullis, of England. Follow this trail that sets out from the when Wykehamists, a further 275 died in World War Rifle Brigade and the Merchant Court’. Construction of the palace, machicolations, gun ports and great II. Officially opened in 1924, the War Cloister Navy. The cathedral itself is no Designed by Sir Christopher Wren possibly a drawbridge. The two lengths of was designed by Sir Herbert Baker to 8 stranger to conflict – the West and influenced by Versailles, began inverted keyhole gunports, intended are available from the tourist the walls commemorate those who had lost their lives. 5 Window testifies to a violent in 1683 but ended on the death of “O Trinity of love and power!; Our brethren shield in 7 for primitive hand cannons, are were Notable Old Wykehamists with a military career Just months after 1066 and 3 incursion by Parliamentary troops Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, amongst the earliest pieces of danger's hour; From rock and tempest, fire and foe, If you would like this leaflet in 8 demolished. The short lengths that who were all awarded the Victoria Cross Winchester’s surrender, William the 7a during the Civil War and Bishop little more than a carcass of a house, architectural evidence for the use of survive are mainly post-Roman Protect them wheresoe'er they go;” include Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- Conqueror ordered the construction 7b Peter Mews, a Royalist spy identified served as a prison for 5,000 French artillery in this country. The Westgate though the fragment behind the grill 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie (1868-1915); of a castle within the city walls. Words from ‘The Navy Hymn’ written as a poem in 1860 by by the number 757, was soldiers during the Seven Years’ War is open weekends in the afternoon in the weirs is part of the core of the Daniel Burges (1873-1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby (1885-1915); and Air Winchester Castle became one of William Whiting of Winchester Winchester’s equivalent of James from 1757 to 1764 and from 1778 between February and October. Roman wall. Parliamentarian camp at Hinton Ampner and embark Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). the great fortresses of medieval Bond. Special military-themed tours to 1785 during the American War of Please see www.winchestercollege.org/guided-tours for details of regular England. It was maintained and information centre and at can be booked through the website. Independence. From 1792 to 1796 it Winchester has a rich and varied military history. From enhanced until 1645 when it was Located directly opposite Normandy, guided tours around the College, and for tours of War Cloister. 1 www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk was home to refugee clergy from Peninsula Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two World Wars besieged, captured by Cromwell, 7b Hampshire was the springboard for 2 Revolutionary France before Barracks in WWII to the completion a Nuclear bunker sited at Twyford - the and eventually demolished. The becoming an army barrack in same ‘Operation Overlord’, the code name district’s military stories span centuries of history. Winchester Tourist Information Centre Great Hall, built between 1222 and year. The King’s House was for the Allied Invasion of Europe in a larger format please contact 1235, is the only substantial World War II. The county became a vast Guildhall Winchester, High Street, If you see an Did you know? eventually destroyed by fire on the surviving part of the medieval castle. th armed camp full of allied troops If you are interested in finding out more about the Winchester, SO23 9GH there is something 15 Victoria Cross medals are night of 19 December 1894. Some Tel: 01962 840 500 Email: [email protected] A drawing of Winchester made by encamped in towns, villages and military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, then to see on the site currently on display in Winchester parts of Wren’s palace were reused on the walk taken by the troops on 29 March 1644 to Web: www.visitwinchester.co.uk 4 www.visitwinchester.co.uk Willem Schellinks in 1662 shows the woods. Winchester’s newly-built by- follow these two informative trails – one based in the city today. If there is Military Museums. Further medals in the replacement building which Museums © Imperial War OPEN Monday to Saturday 10am to 5pm slighted castle as a still imposing pass became a giant tank park and and one taking you further afield. no there is 6 of Wintonians who have been was ready for the army by 1904 and Closed between Christmas and New Year ruin overlooking the city. On-site camp for British and American troops. Even Peninsula Barracks in the city was limited access or awarded this honour are also on later renamed Peninsula Barracks, Follow King Alf on Twitter: www.twitter.com/King_Alf interpretation panels and displays no visible remains taken over by the Ninth US Infantry Division see12 overleaf for more information display in the Imperial War see7b The army remained in Like King Alf on Facebook: www.facebook.com/KingAlfWinchester tell the story of the castle. so a visit is on their stay. It was here that American troops were reviewed by Churchill and Museum. occupation up to 1983. inadvisable. Eisenhower. (See 13 and 14 overleaf for more details) Vibrant. Ancient. Cultured. the tourist information centre www.visitwinchester.co.uk the Cheriton Battlefield, tracing the movements of on 01962 840 500 or e-mail the soldiers who shaped our nation. Follow the trails on your mobile, download the [email protected] QuizTrail app at www.Quiztrail.com
© Winchester City Council 2016. TICHBORNE DOWN 1 This walk begins in the car park of The 6 After you reach the end of the lane, Hinton Arms public house. The landscape continue on a short distance along the of hedgerows, lanes, and woods has hardly road which will then bear right taking you ROYALISTS changed since the day of the battle. As you leave to a T junction and the site of a memorial the car park turn right, taking care as you follow commemorating the troops from both sides the path along the side of the A272. It is barely who lost their lives during the battle. This high light on the morning of 29 March 1644, the eve ground, occupied by the Royalist force, offers of battle. A thick mist lingers in the valley and the best view of the battlefi eld. Cheriton 6 clings to the slopes of the ridge of high ground Wood, now in Royalist hands, can be seen on on your right. Leaving Cheriton to its fate, you the left although the main Parliamentary army walk on. is obscured by East Down in the middle distance. Hopton now takes the decision to 2 At this point on the road, as the light move his troops forward onto this ridge. You improves, you are greeted by an awesome sight. decide to follow. Re-trace your steps along the Badshear Looming out of the mist, in the fi elds on your road to the junction with Alresford Lane, and Lane right, is the Parliamentary force, 10,000 strong. continue along the road as it bears right onto It is so close you can smell the horses and hear Badshear Lane. Alresford Lane the shouts of command. To the rear are the cannon, in the centre the main body of troops, 7 At this point turn left, off the road, 7 pikemen and musketeers, fl anked to left and along the footpath. You can clearly hear the right by cavalry. Just past the bus stop on your sound of battle as you approach the ridge, a left turn north away from the main road and position the Royalist commanders were content continue up the gentle incline on the north side to hold. But one of their offi cers, Sir Henry CHERITON of the shallow valley. Bard, has rashly led his infantry in an attack. WOOD Surprised by Parliamentarian cavalry, his men 3 You have attempted to clear the are being cut to pieces. Parliamentarian lines but through the morning Broad Lane mist you begin to make out the distinctive sounds 8 As you reach the ridge turn right, along of troops and cavalry preparing for battle. This is the rear of the Royalist lines. Bard’s action Upper the Royalist force of 7,000 and they are directly has resulted in increasing numbers of Royalist Lamborough ahead of you, although it is impossible to say troops being committed to the attack. Losing Lane how far. It is time to try and exit the battlefi eld, the advantage of the high ground, they but it may already be too late. At the crossroads engage with the advancing Parliamentarian 8 turn right, along Cheriton Lane. musketeers. Fierce fi ghting has broken out all 5 along the line. With one last roll of the die the 4 EAST DOWN As you reach the end of the lane you hear Royalists send in their cavalry. the sound of musket shots, mingled with shouts 9 and cries, some distance away on your left. The 9 Turn left down the lane towards Cheriton. battle has begun. Now curiosity gets the better The terrain only allows the cavalry to advance Cheriton Lane of you, you must have a closer look. This is your in small groups down two lanes and you Sunken 4 chance to see history in the making. Turn north follow one towards Cheriton. Parliamentarian Lane 10 off of Cheriton Lane along a short stretch of troopers are deployed and waiting for them. 3 track joining Alresford Lane. Follow this route to Outnumbered and hemmed in by the deep the edge of Cheriton Wood. sunken lanes, they are beaten back. Now Waller River CHERITON A272 makes his move. Looping round both fl anks of Itchen 5 During the night the Parliamentarian the Royalist force, his infantry advance, every commander, William Waller, positioned a mixed ditch and hedgerow is contested as the Royalists force of cannon, cavalry and musket in the begin to give ground. Battlefi eld walk 2 wood in an attempt to outfl ank the Royalist line. BRAMDEAN Ralph Hopton, the Royalist commander, quickly 10 Turn right down the sunken hollow of Other footpaths moved to counter the threat, sending a force of Cheriton lane. Battle rages in the fi elds 1,000 musketeers to take the wood. The sound above and the wreckage litters the fi elds. Cannon Hinton 1 of fi ghting is getting closer. Several riderless As many as 500 may have died with many Arms horses come careering out of the trees, with the more wounded. The Royalists have been Pikemen remaining Parliamentary troops close behind. forced back to their original position from Hopton’s musketeers, now using their muskets as where Hopton will make an ordered retreat Musketeers clubs, have routed Waller’s inexperienced London to Basing House, sacking Alresford on his way. Brigade who are now in full retreat back to the Our story of the battle is now over and your Cavalry safety of their own lines, and you are in their journey through it almost at an end. Walk Source of the River way! You continue towards the relative safety of back along the lane and turn right towards the Itchen the Royalist position, after all, they do appear to road. Returning to the A272, turn left back to be winning... Continue along Alresford Lane. the Hinton Arms. PARLIAMENTARIAN