Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region Compendium

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region Compendium Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region Compendium Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Impressum Producer / Editor ATI Küste GmbH – Gesellschaft für Technologie und Innovation (Association for Technology and Innovation) Schonenfahrerstraße 5 18057 Rostock (Germany) +49 381 12887-0 [email protected] www.ati-kueste.de General Manager Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Kozian Project Management Dipl.-Ing. Alexander John +49 381 12887-45 [email protected] Disclaimer The reader notes that this work is based on research, on information given orally and on documents made available to us. In the event that underlying facts or the assumptions made are incorrect or change, this may affect the validity of parts of the work. This work is based on the state of affairs at the time of completion (July 15, 2020) and reflects our inter- pretation of the relevant contents within the scope of the project. In the course of time, changes in technical innovations as well as in the legal basis and its interpretation will oc- cur. Such changes may require an update of this work. We would therefore like to point out that we are not obliged to review and, if necessary, update this work due to changes in the underlying facts or assumptions or legal bases without a separate order. This work was pre- pared exclusively within the framework of the project on the basis of the agreements con- cluded. It is intended to provide basic information in the sense of information and is not in- tended to serve as a basis for decisions by third parties. The mention of places, names, pro- jects and technical solutions in the text are examples and do not claim to be complete and the authors do not derive any legal connections from it, nor do they make any connections whatsoever. We assume no obligations, responsibility or liability towards third parties. Ex- ceptions to this require a written agreement in advance. Page 2 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Acknowledgement We would like to thank all contributors, associated partners and project partners as well as colleagues for their willingness, support and the helpful exchange of experiences during the joint work on the project and on this compendium. We thank for the joint transnational cooperation with the partners of the project "BSR elec- tric" and especially the lead partner, HAW Hamburg, for its supporting organizational work. Above all, we would like to express our gratitude for the fact that the Interreg project gave us the opportunity and the possibility to work on this extensive topic of water-bound elec- tric mobility. Page 3 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Page 4 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Foreword/Summary The present compendium was developed within the joint Interreg project "BSR electric", which focused on the various solutions and applications of electromobility and their use in urban areas and transport systems. In the "Electric Ferries" application case, experiences and research were gathered, analyses and comparisons were made and an attempt was made to summarise these in a handbook. The processing period was advantageous in that at the beginning of the project only a few examples of electric ferries in the Baltic Sea region were known. The number and awareness of successful examples increased the awareness of those involved, such as municipalities, public transport companies and operators, of the usefulness and feasibility of the project. The increasing stakeholder involvement in electrification, experiences on study trips, feed- back in workshops, exchange of experiences and information events showed a need for in- formation and exchange of experiences on the part of stakeholders. The compendium is thus an attempt to meet this need. Essential for the implementation of electric mobility solutions is the knowledge of the tech- nical-physical interrelationships and boundary conditions, in particular the electrical energy supply, as well as shipbuilding and infrastructural topics. The complexity of these topics has concrete implications for the procurement, construction, maintenance and operation of electric ferries. In addition to technical questions, the compendium attempts a socio-eco- nomic and historical classification of mobility and electric mobility. Electric ferries with batteries as the energy source and urban operating and driving profile can be easily reconciled with the technical, energy and economic framework conditions. Ur- ban electric ferries can be regarded as good examples of electric mobility on water. There are also successful examples of larger electric ferries operating in coastal waters, although the battery as an energy source poses demanding challenges for the energy supply and charging infrastructure depending on the location of use. For this reason and due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources, the supply of electrical energy based on hydrogen and fuel cells or alternative fuels is becoming increasingly important in this power class. For clean shipping with large ocean-going vessels with propulsion powers of several tens of megawatts, the use of low-sulphur fuels in classic diesel propulsion systems will remain pre- dominant for the time being. Electric drives as a contribution to clean shipping in this power class are limited to special ships in the research and military sector, which generate the re- quired electrical energy e.g. by means of nuclear-powered generator sets. The recently emerging and currently discussed possibility of energy supply by means of wireless trans- mission of electrical energy over any distance and power [1] is not discussed here. This pos- sibility is not yet commercially available to most stakeholders and is also not relevant for the operation of urban electric ferries. If necessary, this topic can be deepened in future work. Page 5 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Page 6 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 13 2 Electric ferries in the BSR ........................................................................... 17 2.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.2 Background ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.3 Challenges and issues ............................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Implementation, methods and outputs ................................................................................ 20 2.4.1 Capacity building ........................................................................................................... 20 2.4.2 Obtaining information ................................................................................................... 20 2.4.3 Actions ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.4 Roadmap and Compendium .......................................................................................... 22 3 Urban Electric Ferries - Use Case 7 ............................................................. 25 3.1 Ferries and possibilities of electrification .............................................................................. 25 3.2 Types of ferries ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Non-free moving ferries driven by the current of the water ........................................ 25 3.2.2 Non-free moving ferries with own drive ....................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Free-moving ferries ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2.4 Loading of ferries ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2.5 Touristic aspects of ferries ............................................................................................ 26 3.3 Use of ferries ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.4 Benefits and added value of e-ferries ................................................................................... 28 3.4.1 Advantages of electric ferries ........................................................................................ 29 3.4.2 Environmental policy relevance .................................................................................... 30 3.4.3 Relevance for research and development .................................................................... 30 3.5 Procurement of an Electric Ferry - Case Study ...................................................................... 31 3.6 Observation and experience in the procurement of urban electric ferries .......................... 34 3.6.1 Conditions and rules of the procurement process ........................................................ 34 3.6.2 Qualified offer ............................................................................................................... 35 3.6.3 Qualified functional tender ..........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Emerging Mobility Technologies and Trends
    Emerging Mobility Technologies and Trends And Their Role in Creating “Mobility-As-A-System” For the 21st Century and Beyond OWNERSHIP RIGHTS All reports are owned by Energy Systems Network (ESN) and protected by United States copyright and international copyright/intellectual property laws under applicable treaties and/or conventions. User agrees not to export any report into a country that does not have copyright/ intellectual property laws that will protect ESN’s rights therein. GRANT OF LICENSE RIGHTS ESN hereby grants user a non-exclusive, non-refundable, non- transferable Enterprise License, which allows you to (i) distribute the report within your organization across multiple locations to its representatives, employees or agents who are authorized by the organization to view the report in support of the organization’s internal business purposes; and (ii) display the report within your organization’s privately hosted internal intranet in support of your organization’s internal business purposes. Your right to distribute the report under an Enterprise License allows distribution among multiple locations or facilities to Authorized Users within your organization. ESN retains exclusive and sole ownership of this report. User agrees not to permit any unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, publication or electronic transmission of any report or the information/forecasts therein without the express written permission of ESN. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY ESN has used its best efforts in collecting and preparing each report. ESN, its employees, affi liates, agents, and licensors do not warrant the accuracy, completeness, correctness, non-infringement, merchantability, or fi tness for a particular purpose of any reports covered by this agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan Strategic Fund
    MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND MEMORANDUM DATE: March 12, 2021 TO: The Honorable Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of Michigan Members of the Michigan Legislature FROM: Mark Burton, President, Michigan Strategic Fund SUBJECT: FY 2020 MSF/MEDC Annual Report The Michigan Strategic Fund (MSF) is required to submit an annual report to the Governor and the Michigan Legislature summarizing activities and program spending for the previous fiscal year. This requirement is contained within the Michigan Strategic Fund Act (Public Act 270 of 1984) and budget boilerplate. Attached you will find the annual report for the MSF and the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) as required in by Section 1004 of Public Act 166 of 2020 as well as the consolidated MSF Act reporting requirements found in Section 125.2009 of the MSF Act. Additionally, you will find an executive summary at the forefront of the report that provides a year-in-review snapshot of activities, including COVID-19 relief programs to support Michigan businesses and communities. To further consolidate legislative reporting, the attachment includes the following budget boilerplate reports: • Michigan Business Development Program and Michigan Community Revitalization Program amendments (Section 1006) • Corporate budget, revenue, expenditures/activities and state vs. corporate FTEs (Section 1007) • Jobs for Michigan Investment Fund (Section 1010) • Michigan Film incentives status (Section 1032) • Michigan Film & Digital Media Office activities ( Section 1033) • Business incubators and accelerators annual report (Section 1034) The following programs are not included in the FY 2020 report: • The Community College Skilled Trades Equipment Program was created in 2015 to provide funding to community colleges to purchase equipment required for educational programs in high-wage, high-skill, and high-demand occupations.
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Vehicle Roadmap
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... ii Introduction to the Roadmap ....................................................................................... 1 1. Our Focus .................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Shared Vision and Mission ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Aspiration ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Guiding Principles ......................................................................................................................... 4 2. Our Action .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Roadmap Framework .................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Opportunity Areas and Initiatives .................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 Driving Charging Infrastructure Availability ...................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Driving Awareness ............................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3 Driving Innovative and Supportive Policies .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Auto Innovators-GAMA Amicus Brief
    Nos. 19-368 and 19-369 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States FORD MOTOR COMPANY, Petitioner, v. MONTANA EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, et al., Respondents. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, Petitioner, v. ADAM BANDEMER, Respondent. On Writs of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Montana and the Supreme Court of Minnesota BRIEF FOR THE ALLIANCE FOR AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION AND GENERAL AVIATION MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER DARRYL M. WOO JAIME A. SANTOS GOODWIN PROCTER LLP Counsel of Record Three Embarcadero Center STEPHEN R. SHAW San Francisco, CA 94111 GOODWIN PROCTER LLP (415) 733-6000 1900 N St., NW Washington, DC 20036 [email protected] (202) 346-4000 Counsel for Amici Curiae March 6, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTEREST OF THE AMICI CURIAE ...................... 1 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................... 3 ARGUMENT............................................................... 6 I. The decisions of the Minnesota and Montana Supreme Courts erase the clear line between general and specific personal jurisdiction. ................................... 6 II. This Court should reject respondents’ unlimited stream-of-commerce theory. ..... 12 III. Respondents’ no-causation rule will create massive uncertainty and increase litigation over threshold jurisdictional issues. .................................. 22 IV. Respondents’ rule would have a particularly pernicious impact on foreign manufacturers. .............................. 24 CONCLUSION ......................................................... 29 i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) Cases Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. Superior Court of Cal., 137 S. Ct. 1773 (2017) ...................................passim Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462 (1985) .......................................... 6, 12 Daimler AG v. Bauman, 571 U.S. 117 (2014) .................. 2, 5, 7, 8, 12, 26, 27 D’Jamoos ex rel. Estate of Weingeroff v. Pilatus Aircraft Ltd., 566 F.3d 94 (3d Cir.
    [Show full text]
  • Discover Automobility La Discover La Auto Show
    2017RECAP DISCOVER AUTOMOBILITY LA DISCOVER LA AUTO SHOW https://automobilityla.com/videos/ https://laautoshow.com/video/recap-2017-la-auto-show/ PHOTOS: KEYNOTE PRESENTATION BY CEO OF PANASONIC NORTH AMERICA (LEFT), MERCEDES-BENZ PROJECT ONE RECEPTION (RIGHT), VOLKSWAGEN I.D. BUZZ CONCEPT (COVER) ABOUTAUTOMOBILITY LA AutoMobility LA brings together the entire new mobility ecosystem. The four-day press and trade event brings automakers, tech companies, designers, developers, startups, investors, dealers, government officials and analysts together in Los Angeles each year to unveil the future of transportation before media from around the world. “The century-old L.A. Auto Show…is one of the largest, longest-running and most popular car exhibitions in the world. The 110th edition of show…draws not only thousands of car fans but also a huge contingent of industry workers and automotive and technology journalists who want a close-up look at the newest things on wheels.” LOS ANGELES TIMES 2 AUTOMOBILITY LA KICKOFF PARTY Nov. 27 3 TECHNOLOGY PAVILION AUTO-TECH EXHIBITS Nov. 28 PHOTO: HYUNDAI BLUE LINK® EXHIBIT 4 AUTOMOBILITY LA HACKATHON AUTOMOBILITY LA NETWORKING RECEPTION PRESENTED BY HONDA INNOVATIONS Nov. 27 Nov. 27 AUTOMOBILITY LA TECH TOURS SECURING MOBILITY SUMMIT PRESENTED BY SBD AUTOMOTIVE Nov. 27 Nov. 28-30 5 AUTO-TECH PRESS CONFERENCES Nov. 28 PHOTO: VULOG PRESS CONFERENCE IN THE TECHNOLOGY PAVILION 6 AUTOMOBILITY LA TEST DRIVES AUTOMOBILITY LA KEYNOTES & PANELS TOP TEN AUTOMOTIVE STARTUPS COMPETITION Nov. 28-30 Nov. 28-29 PRESENTED BY MAGNA INTERNATIONAL, INC. Nov. 28 AUTOMOBILITY LA DESIGN & DEVELOPER CHALLENGE MIDDLECOTT SKETCHBATTLE EXPERIMENT PRESENTED BY MICROSOFT PRESENTED BY BASF Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Road Vehicles: Survey of Zero-Emission Technology Options Across the Transport Sector
    WORKING PAPER 2018-11 Beyond road vehicles: Survey of zero-emission technology options across the transport sector Authors: Dale Hall, Nikita Pavlenko, and Nic Lutsey Date: July 18, 2018 Keywords: Zero-emission vehicles, aviation, maritime, off-road, rail 2018 INTRODUCTION related to these modes for 2018 and pro- jections for 2060.2 In total, transport rep- Electrification continues to make resents about 25% of global greenhouse 30% strides in the passenger vehicle market, gas emissions from fossil fuel combus- representing more than 1% of global tion; this share is expected to increase sales and up to 40% of sales in leading as the power sector decarbonizes.3 As markets in 2017.1 Enabled by falling shown, whereas road vehicles are the 47% battery prices and increasing invest- largest sources and have received the ment from traditional and new vehicle 10% most attention, one-fourth of trans- manufacturers, this trend represents port CO emissions (2.2 gigatonnes) an opportunity to dramatically reduce 2 are attributable to maritime, aviation, 10% greenhouse gas emissions in the trans- and rail—a share projected to grow in port sector. Policymakers continue to the coming decades. Although light- 3% encourage a shift toward zero-emis- duty vehicle emissions are expected to 2060 sion vehicles through CO regulations, 2 peak around 2020 under this scenario, consumer incentives, and investment 41% maritime and aviation emissions are pro- in associated infrastructure. jected to rise through 2030 as a result of Although road vehicles currently rep- increasing demand and slower efficiency resent about 70% of transport green- improvements. This figure does not take 20% house gas emissions, other forms of into account the additional impacts of transport—including aviation, maritime, and off-road vehicles—are substantial 2 Using the 2-degree scenario from International Energy Agency, Energy technology emissions sources and are expected to perspectives 2017 (June 2017); www.iea.
    [Show full text]
  • Fit-Friendly Worksites Gold Award Recognition
    Fit-Friendly Worksites Gold Award Recognition Worksites below achieved Gold Recognition for Alere the April 1, 2014 deadline. Allentown Elementary (Renewal applications are due April 1, 2015) Allergan Alliance Advisory Group, Inc A. M. Best Company Alliance Benefit Group 1st Global Alliance Community Hospital 3M Austin Center Alliance Data Retail Services A. J. Danboise Son Alliance Home Health Care, LLC A. O. Smith - Johnson City Alliant Employee Benefits - NW A.C. Glasscock Elementary Alliant Energy a.i. solutions, Inc. Allianz Global Assistance USA A2 Fitness Professionals Allina Health AAA Ohio Auto Club Allstate Financial Insurance Company AAA Washington Allstate Insurance AALRR Alpha Systems Abbott Laboratories Alpine Electronics of America, Inc. Abington Health Alston Middle School Acadian Companies AltaMed Health Services AccentHealth Altizer Elementary Accenture Dallas Alvord USD Accuray Alzheimer's Association, West Virginia Chapter Active International Amelia's Grocery Outlet Acushnet Company America SCORES Bay Area Adena Health System American Academy of Family Physicians AdminSure Inc. American Bankers Association ADP Inc. AMERICAN Cast Iron Pipe Company Advanced Bionics American Commercial Lines Advanced Protection Technologies, Inc American Electric Power AdvancePierre Foods American Enterprises, Inc. AdvancePierre Foods American Express Adventist Health System American Fidelity Assurance Aetna American Heart Assocation - Pittsburgh Metro Aetna Charlotte, NC American Heart Association Aetna Inc. American Heart Association
    [Show full text]
  • February-2020-Advanc
    Advanced Transportation Market Update February 2020 Electric Mobility-as- Autonomous Data & Trucking & Vehicles a-Service Infrastructure Analytics Logistics About Greentech Capital Advisors Our mission is to empower companies and investors who are creating a more efficient and sustainable global infrastructure. We are purpose-built to ensure that our clients achieve success. We have deeply experienced bankers who are sector experts and understand our clients' industries and needs. We reach a vast global network of buyers, growth companies, asset owners and investors, and thereby provide clients with more ways to succeed through a deeper relationship network. We have directly relevant transaction experience which enables us to find creative structures and solutions to close transactions. We are an expert team of 75 professionals working seamlessly on our clients' behalf in New York, Zurich and San Francisco. Greentech Capital Advisors / 1 Advanced Transportation Market Update February 2020 News Selected Business > Apple announced a new feature enabling iPhones to serve as car keys (9to5Mac) Developments > Bird announced the launch of Bird Pay, a QR-based payment system that facilitates the purchase of items from participating local businesses (TechCrunch) > Cartken, an autonomous delivery startup still in stealth mode, was recently launched by a team spun out from Google’s failed Bookbot project (TechCrunch) > Cruise received permission from the California Public Utilities Commission to start Greentech’s Take: driving passengers in its autonomous Chevrolet Bolts (VentureBeat) > Legacy OEMs are now > Daimler announced plans to develop chargers for its all-electric trucks (Press Release) racing to bring EVs to market as consumer > Ford announced plans to bring eight EV models to market in 2020 (TechCrunch) and government > Jaguar Land Rover introduced an electric urban vehicle concept resembling a shuttle demand shifts towards car, with plans for a mobility service pilot in Coventry, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Bob Harkins Took This Photo of the Irish Sea, As the Storm Subsided, from the Deck of the Tall Ship Roald Amundsen
    BOB HARKINS TOOK THIS PHOTO OF THE IRISH SEA, AS THE STORM SUBSIDED, FROM THE DECK OF THE TALL SHIP ROALD AMUNDSEN. 62 JULY 2009 / YACHTING www.yachtingmagazine.com KNOTS! AFTER VOLUNTEERS 110 ABOARD A STEEL TALL SHIP FIGHT THE MIGHTY IRISH SEA, THEY HAVE A STORy— AND FRIENDSHIPS— THAT WILL LAST FOREVER. BY BOB HARKINS www.yachtingmagazine.com JULY 2009 / YACHTING 63 I served in the United States Navy for 21 years and I’ve been a rec- went through a day of training together—practicing working aloft, reational boater for most of my life. But in all those years, I’ve never line-handling, standing watch, and emergency procedures. experienced a storm like the one of March 2008, in the Irish Sea. The weather was bright and beautiful as we left Lisbon on Since my retirement in 2005, I’ve been a volunteer crew member March 3, but that afternoon it started turning against us. The wind of the U.S. Brig Niagara out of Erie, Pennsylvania. It’s brought me into picked up, blowing 40 to 50 knots, and the seas became much rough- contact with several sail-training ships and their crews, who ply the er. Very soon about half of our crew was seasick. The storm lasted waters teaching the curious about nautical history and the traditions overnight and it wasn’t until two days later that the last of our seasick of seamanship. Naturally, when sailors get together, there’s a lot of talk cases had completely recovered. about previous adventures on other ships, and this was how I first For the next few days, as we headed north past the Iberian penin- heard about the German brig Roald Amundsen.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mobility: Today's Technology and Policy Landscape
    WHITE PAPER JULY 2017 NEW MOBILITY: TODAY’S TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY LANDSCAPE Peter Slowik and Fanta Kamakaté www.theicct.org [email protected] BEIJING | BERLIN | BRUSSELS | SAN FRANCISCO | WASHINGTON ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was conducted with the generous support of The 11th Hour Project of the Schmidt Family Foundation and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The authors thank the experts, practitioners, and observers identified throughout the report who agreed to answer our many questions and share their understanding of this quickly evolving sector. Drew Kodjak, Nic Lutsey, and Joe Schultz provided critical reviews on an earlier version of the report. Any errors are the authors’ own. International Council on Clean Transportation 1225 I Street NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005 USA [email protected] | www.theicct.org | @TheICCT © 2017 International Council on Clean Transportation NEW MOBILITY: TODAY’S TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY LANDSCAPE TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................1 II. Definitions and background ................................................................................................ 2 New mobility taxonomy ........................................................................................................................ 2 III. New mobility landscape ..................................................................................................... 5 Key players, policies,
    [Show full text]
  • The North West Passage
    THE "GJOA" expedition, 1903-1907. THE NORTH WEST PASSAGE BY ROALD AMUNDSEN. Downloaded from www.greatestedventurers.com Downloaded from www.greatestedventurers.com ROALD AMUNDSEN'S THE NORTH WEST PASSAGE" BEING THE RECORD OF A VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION OF THE SHIP "GJOA" 1903-1907 BY ROALD AMUNDSEN WITH A SUPPLEMENT BY FIRST LIEUTENANT HANSEN VICE-COMMANDER OF THE EXPEDITION WITH ABOUT ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINE ILLUSTRATIONS AND THREE MAPS Vol. I E. p. BUTTON AND COMPANY 1908 5 Downloaded from www.greatestedventurers.com '/-/ Q VJ.\ Published November 23rd, 1907. Privilege of Copyright in the United States reserved, under the Act approved March 3rd, 1905, by H. Aschehoug and Co. Downloaded from www.greatestedventurers.com 2)eC)icatcb TO H.E. Dr. FRIDTJOF NANSEN, G.C.V.O., NORWEGIAN MINISTER TO THE COURT OF ST. JAMES, WITH THE DEEPEST GRATITUDE FROM KOALD AMUNDSEN. Downloaded from www.greatestedventurers.com PREFACE. I TENDER my warmest and most heartfelt thanks to the small party of brave men who followed me through the North West Passage and risked their lives to ensure the success of my undertaking. A loving thought will again and again travel back to the lonely grave looking out on the boundless ice-desert, and grateful memories will arise of him who laid down his young life on the field of action. I tender my best thanks to Mr. Axel Steen, meteoro- logist, to His Excellency Professor Dr. G. von Neumayer, to Professor Ad. Schmidt, and to Professor Johannes Edler for the valuable assistance they rendered me with reference to the difficult magnetic problem connected with the Expedition.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Clean Air Strategy
    Maritime Clean Air Strategy March 2021 Discussion Draft Table of Contents Preface 1 Executive Summary 2 I. MCAS Introduction Purpose and Need 7 II. Operating Sources Intro Chapter 16 1. MCAS Source Chapter Cargo Handling Equipment 18 2. MCAS Source Chapter Harbor Craft 37 3. MCAS Source Chapter Trucks 52 4 MCAS Source Chapter Port of San Diego Fleet 68 5 MCAS Source Chapter Shipyards (Marine Industrial Sources) 76 6 MCAS Source Chapter Ocean Going Vessel 86 7 MCAS Source Chapter Rail 107 III. MCAS Source Chapter Funding 116 Appendix A – Inventory 125 Appendix B – Zero Emission and Near Zero Emission 135 Truck Technology Assessment Preface MCAS Discussion Draft March 2021 Preface The Port of San Diego (Port) has been investing in and deploying new technologies to improve overall air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the region in support of collective thrivability for our communities, environment, and regional economy. The Port is positioned to be an innovative leader and good neighbor advancing the next level of clean air investments to benefit everyone who lives, works and plays on and around San Diego Bay. As an environmental champion, the Port is developing a Maritime Clean Air Strategy (MCAS) as part of continued effort to identify projects that will improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while continuing the transition to more efficient, modern, and sustainable maritime operations. The MCAS will help the Port determine which efforts are feasible and how they should be prioritized and/or phased in over time. The MCAS is also intended to help clarify the role the Port may play in supporting our tenants and terminal operators with transitioning to zero and near-zero technologies.
    [Show full text]