Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region Compendium Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Impressum Producer / Editor ATI Küste GmbH – Gesellschaft für Technologie und Innovation (Association for Technology and Innovation) Schonenfahrerstraße 5 18057 Rostock (Germany) +49 381 12887-0 [email protected] www.ati-kueste.de General Manager Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Kozian Project Management Dipl.-Ing. Alexander John +49 381 12887-45 [email protected] Disclaimer The reader notes that this work is based on research, on information given orally and on documents made available to us. In the event that underlying facts or the assumptions made are incorrect or change, this may affect the validity of parts of the work. This work is based on the state of affairs at the time of completion (July 15, 2020) and reflects our inter- pretation of the relevant contents within the scope of the project. In the course of time, changes in technical innovations as well as in the legal basis and its interpretation will oc- cur. Such changes may require an update of this work. We would therefore like to point out that we are not obliged to review and, if necessary, update this work due to changes in the underlying facts or assumptions or legal bases without a separate order. This work was pre- pared exclusively within the framework of the project on the basis of the agreements con- cluded. It is intended to provide basic information in the sense of information and is not in- tended to serve as a basis for decisions by third parties. The mention of places, names, pro- jects and technical solutions in the text are examples and do not claim to be complete and the authors do not derive any legal connections from it, nor do they make any connections whatsoever. We assume no obligations, responsibility or liability towards third parties. Ex- ceptions to this require a written agreement in advance. Page 2 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Acknowledgement We would like to thank all contributors, associated partners and project partners as well as colleagues for their willingness, support and the helpful exchange of experiences during the joint work on the project and on this compendium. We thank for the joint transnational cooperation with the partners of the project "BSR elec- tric" and especially the lead partner, HAW Hamburg, for its supporting organizational work. Above all, we would like to express our gratitude for the fact that the Interreg project gave us the opportunity and the possibility to work on this extensive topic of water-bound elec- tric mobility. Page 3 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Page 4 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Foreword/Summary The present compendium was developed within the joint Interreg project "BSR electric", which focused on the various solutions and applications of electromobility and their use in urban areas and transport systems. In the "Electric Ferries" application case, experiences and research were gathered, analyses and comparisons were made and an attempt was made to summarise these in a handbook. The processing period was advantageous in that at the beginning of the project only a few examples of electric ferries in the Baltic Sea region were known. The number and awareness of successful examples increased the awareness of those involved, such as municipalities, public transport companies and operators, of the usefulness and feasibility of the project. The increasing stakeholder involvement in electrification, experiences on study trips, feed- back in workshops, exchange of experiences and information events showed a need for in- formation and exchange of experiences on the part of stakeholders. The compendium is thus an attempt to meet this need. Essential for the implementation of electric mobility solutions is the knowledge of the tech- nical-physical interrelationships and boundary conditions, in particular the electrical energy supply, as well as shipbuilding and infrastructural topics. The complexity of these topics has concrete implications for the procurement, construction, maintenance and operation of electric ferries. In addition to technical questions, the compendium attempts a socio-eco- nomic and historical classification of mobility and electric mobility. Electric ferries with batteries as the energy source and urban operating and driving profile can be easily reconciled with the technical, energy and economic framework conditions. Ur- ban electric ferries can be regarded as good examples of electric mobility on water. There are also successful examples of larger electric ferries operating in coastal waters, although the battery as an energy source poses demanding challenges for the energy supply and charging infrastructure depending on the location of use. For this reason and due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources, the supply of electrical energy based on hydrogen and fuel cells or alternative fuels is becoming increasingly important in this power class. For clean shipping with large ocean-going vessels with propulsion powers of several tens of megawatts, the use of low-sulphur fuels in classic diesel propulsion systems will remain pre- dominant for the time being. Electric drives as a contribution to clean shipping in this power class are limited to special ships in the research and military sector, which generate the re- quired electrical energy e.g. by means of nuclear-powered generator sets. The recently emerging and currently discussed possibility of energy supply by means of wireless trans- mission of electrical energy over any distance and power [1] is not discussed here. This pos- sibility is not yet commercially available to most stakeholders and is also not relevant for the operation of urban electric ferries. If necessary, this topic can be deepened in future work. Page 5 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Page 6 of 164 Electric Ferries in the Baltic Sea Region - – Introduction - Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 13 2 Electric ferries in the BSR ........................................................................... 17 2.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.2 Background ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.3 Challenges and issues ............................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Implementation, methods and outputs ................................................................................ 20 2.4.1 Capacity building ........................................................................................................... 20 2.4.2 Obtaining information ................................................................................................... 20 2.4.3 Actions ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.4 Roadmap and Compendium .......................................................................................... 22 3 Urban Electric Ferries - Use Case 7 ............................................................. 25 3.1 Ferries and possibilities of electrification .............................................................................. 25 3.2 Types of ferries ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Non-free moving ferries driven by the current of the water ........................................ 25 3.2.2 Non-free moving ferries with own drive ....................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Free-moving ferries ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2.4 Loading of ferries ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2.5 Touristic aspects of ferries ............................................................................................ 26 3.3 Use of ferries ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.4 Benefits and added value of e-ferries ................................................................................... 28 3.4.1 Advantages of electric ferries ........................................................................................ 29 3.4.2 Environmental policy relevance .................................................................................... 30 3.4.3 Relevance for research and development .................................................................... 30 3.5 Procurement of an Electric Ferry - Case Study ...................................................................... 31 3.6 Observation and experience in the procurement of urban electric ferries .......................... 34 3.6.1 Conditions and rules of the procurement process ........................................................ 34 3.6.2 Qualified offer ............................................................................................................... 35 3.6.3 Qualified functional tender ..........................................................................................