Cyprus: Mapping the Sociopolitical Climate, Experiences and Needs
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A report on Sexual Orientation in Cyprus: Mapping the Sociopolitical Climate, Experiences and Needs Two studies conducted in the context of ILGA-Europe’s 7th Call for Proposals for Human Rights Violations Documentation Fund. Report prepared by: Margarita Kapsou, Anna Christophi, & Maria Epaminonda for the Cyprus Family Planning Association & accept-LGBT Cyprus, June 2011, Nicosia, Cyprus i Nicosia, 2011. Cyprus Family Planning Association & accept-LGBT Cyprus This publication was made with the support of ILGA-Europe within its Human Rights Violations Documentation Fund. The opinions expressed in the document do not necessarily reflect any official position of ILGA-Europe. i Cyprus Family Planning Association The Cyprus Family Planning Association (CFPA) is one of the oldest and most firmly- established Non-profit, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Cyprus, with a rich and ongoing contribution to society, health, education, and Human Rights since its inception in 1971. The CFPA is a fully accredited member of the European Network of the International Planned Parenthood Federation- European Network (IPPF-EN), with active involvement in several European networks and bodies. The CFPA works towards promoting and advocating for the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of all people in Cyprus. CFPA's vision is a world where sexuality is expressed and enjoyed in freedom, equality, respect and love. Respect and protection of sexual reproductive rights as basic human rights is a prerequisite for ensuring sexual health and wellbeing of all people. Our mission is to promote the development of a society where all people can enjoy the basic human right to make free and informed choices in their sexual, emotional and reproductive lives. We work to defend, protect and advocate for the sexual and reproductive rights of all women, men and young people, and we exercise a leading role in sexual and reproductive health through the work of our committed, competent and skilled volunteers and staff. We firmly believe that evidence-based, Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE), free of prejudice, dogma or ideologies, is necessary to equip young people with the tools - knowledge and skills- needed to make informed and free choices regarding their sexual life. Thus, the CFPA plans, implements and evaluates information and education programs for youth by youth and specialists, educates parents, teachers and other professionals, and publishes accurate information and educational materials on issues of sexuality. Moreover, in the context of our efforts to ensure access by all to health services, we regularly offer low cost clinical services by volunteer gynaecologists. We carry out research programs to record and document the needs in Cyprus and conduct programs to promote and defend Sexual Reproductive Rights. In relation to sexual orientation, the CFPA believes that it can take many forms and be expressed in a number of different ways, including gay, lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual relationships, and that all people should be able to express their sexuality freely. The CFPA is concerned about discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, as a serious violation of basic human rights. Its actions have included leading an awareness raising campaign on sexual orientation in the context of the year for “Equal Opportunities for All – 2007” in cooperation with the Cyprus Gay Liberation Movement (AKOK). In order to provide accurate information and raise awareness among the general public on the issue of sexual orientation from a human rights perspective and discrimination due to sexual orientation, the CFPA has issued an informational booklet titled “Sexual Orientation - Myths and Truths”. The CFPA also provides information and support on sexuality issues, including issues pertaining to sexual orientation, through a free helpline (1455). ii Accept-LGBT Cyprus In September 2009, a group of people came together to explore and discuss not only the discrimination they were facing but also the exclusion and intolerance they were witnessing around them when expressing their sexual identity and orientation. Get-together after get- together began to gather momentum and so with the energy, vision and passion of the many, accept LGBT Cyprus came into being. A steady group of people began to meet regularly, quickly forming an organization dedicated to, focused on and driven by, the need for sexual equality; freedom of expression and sexual rights is long overdue. Having applied in October 2010, accept LGBT Cyprus, for now, is still awaiting formal recognition. With more than 500 members registered to the website www.acceptcy.org and an almost 1000 strong following on a prominent social networking site, accept LGBT Cyprus has demonstrated in the short time of its existence that a strong voice is emerging. In the short time of its activity, this organised group has achieved a great deal. Included in these achievements are not only commemorations and celebrations such as those on May 17 th (IDAHO day) and attendance at the Athens Pride festivals, but also the first European conference to be held in Cyprus focused on LGBT issues, the first movie nights discussions, the first photo exhibitions with an LGBT theme, to be opened by Mayors of Nicosia and Paphos, public debates on sexuality, sexual rights, same sex partnerships, as well as well attended open social gatherings. Our participation, along with Cyprus Family Planning Association, in the current study has set the standard and pace for accept-LGBT Cyprus. There is still a long road ahead. Accept LGBT Cyprus has a vision for this journey which sees a society based on respect for the individual and their diversity without discrimination and preconceived notions, in particular on issues of sexual identity, confronting preconceived stereotypes, stigmas and social outcasting. The energy of the group is focused on (1) advocacy, assertion and promotion of the rights and interests of LGBT people, as well as fighting against preconceived stereotypes, stigmas and social outcasting; and (2) sensitizing and informing the LGBT community as well as public opinion, the family, social institutions, organised, or otherwise, agencies, and society in general, on issues of sexual identity, gender, sexual orientation, and sexual health. The aims of the group include : to provide Information and support for the Cypriot Education system on issues of sexual identity and gender; to prevent the insurgence of homophobic tendencies, the protection and embedding of a pluralistic environment in the wider social circle; social sensitization of society on issues of sexual orientation with emphasis on the youth and gender; to support, empower, and advocate for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) as well as dialogue and information giving amongst them; to fight for basic rights against prejudice and discrimination; to collaborate with regional and international organisations who are also working with issues of sexual identity and gender; to promote research and studies related to our issues; to take part in conferences and other organised events in relation to the development and promotion of ideals in the area of human rights, with emphasis on sexual orientation; to organise lectures and speeches etc., that will inform society along with other agencies regarding the association's agenda; to promote the implementation of European Law in relation to sexual orientation; to promote and implement political, legal programme and case-law from the EU and the European Commission in relation to the fight against discrimination and the promotion of equality, in particular with regard to sexual orientation and gender; and to promote the right to legalised same sex marriage, adoption, inheritance rights, insurance, health and other issues, for all Cypriot Citizens, with discrimination. iii Foreword When the call was announced that funding had become available to map LGBT issues, Margarita Kapsou, Maria Epaminonda, Stalo Lesta, and I met for lunch. Our main concerns and discussions were not focused on whether we had the skills and capacity to conduct such a task, as each of us had done so before either as a group and/or individually; they were focused on whether the society within which we live would be ready to accept such a spotlight of attention. We were fully aware that such a study, focused on LGBT issues, had never been conducted in Cyprus before. Our personal and professional experiences had made each of us aware of the fact that human rights issues, issues of equality and acceptance of diversity, including issues around racism and even sexual health, had become hot topics in Cyprus. Non-governmental organizations, and research groups as well as governmental bodies and various other agencies had all begun to include Human Rights and diversity as standard foundational concepts. LGBT issues, however, had remained in the shadows. After the brief and ground-breaking start that had been made by Mr. Alecos Modinos and the Gay Liberation Movement of Cyprus, decades before, little more movement could be seen. Even though a vibrant LGBT community exists in Cyprus, we entered with some cautiousness into the agreement that we would and could encourage 100 LGBT people to participate in a mapping exercise via questionnaires, specifically about their experiences in living, expressing, concealing, announcing and defending their right to be authentically themselves in a specific LGBT focus. Through the persistence of the research team which